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© Sociedad Española de Malacología Iberus, 34 (1): 83-88, 2016 Notas breves Moelleriopsis messanensis (Seguenza, 1876), its radula and taxonomic position (Vetigastropoda, Trochoidea, Skeneidae) Moelleriopsis messanensis (Seguenza, 1876), su rádula y posición taxo- nómica (Vetigastropoda, Trochoidea, Skeneidae) Luigi ROMANI*,1 & Cesare BOGI** Recibido el 30-VI-2015. Acceptado el 18-XI-2015 INTRODUCTION The family Skeneidae W. Clark, 1851 (Seguenza, 1876) and discuss the taxo- is a speciose group of small vetigastro- nomic position of the genus. pods that appears very heterogeneous and probably polyphyletic (WARéN, 1992; BOuCHET & ROCROI, 2005; MATERIALS AND METHODS WIllIAMS & OzAWA, 2006; HICkMAN, 2013). Numerous genera previously in Abbreviations and acronyms: Skeneidae are now provisionally assig- ned to the Seguenzioidea A.E.Verrill, H: maximum height (in mm), 1884 based on molecular and anatomical W: maximum width (in mm), data (WARéN & BOuCHET, 1989; kANO, MNHNP: Muséum national d’Histoire 2008; kANO, CHIkyu & WARéN, 2009), naturelle, Paris, among them Akritogyra Warén, 1992, SEM: scanning electron microscope. Anekes Bouchet & Warén, 1979, Gra- All Tuscan material was obtained nigyra Dall, 1889, Lissotesta Iredale, 1915, from bottom samples trawled by local Moelleriopsis Bush, 1897 and Trenchia fishermen, the French specimen was knudsen, 1964 have Mediterranean dredged in the frame of representatives. The taxonomic position IFREMER/DEPRO 96 project. Shells of Moelleriopsis Bush, 1897 is quite and opercula were examined with a ste- uncertain, as kANO ET AL. (2009) listed it reomicroscope. Images were obtained as a “plausible” member of the Seguen- with a digital photocamera and SEM. zioidea, but did not include it in their The protoconch whorls are counted molecular dataset. Here we present new according to the method of VERDuIN information on Moelleriopsis messanensis (1977). * Via delle ville 79, 55013 Lammari (LU), Italy, E-mail: [email protected] ** Via Gino Romiti, 37, I-57124 Livorno, Italy, E-mail: [email protected] 1 Corresponding author 83 Iberus, 34 (1), 2016 TAXONOMY Class GASTROPODA Cuvier, 1795 Subclass VETIGASTROPODA Salvini-Plawen, 1980 Superfamily TROCHOIDEA Rafinesque, 1815 Family SkENEIDAE W.Clark, 1851 Genus Moelleriopsis Bush, 1897 Moelleriopsis messanensis (Seguenza, 1876) [Cyclostrema] (Figs. 1, 2) Material examined: Moelleriopsis messanensis (Seguenza, 1876): 1 specimen, off Gorgona Island (livorno, Italy) 400 m depth, in Francesco Giusti collection (livorno) (Fig. 1 D); more than 100 shells, off Gorgona Island (livorno, Italy), 500–600 m depth, in luigi Romani collection (lucca), Cesare Bogi collection (livorno), Francesco Giusti collection (livorno); 1 specimen, off Capraia Island (livorno, Italy) 550 m depth, in Francesco Giusti collection (livorno); 1 specimen, Gulf of lion (France), DEPRO, station 3, 1129–1193 m depth, 42° 44.5’ N, 004° 29.4’ E, in MNHNP (Fig. 1A–C, E, F). Description: Shell skeneiform, bearing a serrated strong central cusp depressed, thin, glossy, with rapidly (Fig. 2 B, C). The numerous marginal expanding whorls. Surface smooth teeth decrease in size outwards and are except for 5–7 basal ridges running claw-shaped with a serrated apical part. inside and around the umbilicus and a The innermost marginals have a very dorsal ridge starting at the beginning of strong central cusp and few smaller teleoconch and slowly fading next the 1 lateral cusps, they become smaller and ½ whorl (Fig. 1 A, B, D). Protoconch of the same size moving outwards (Fig. paucispiral of about 0.5 whorl sculptu- 2 D). There is no lateromarginal plate. red with close-set spiral threads and The external morphology of the animal separated from teleoconch by a varix is unknown. (Fig. 1C). umbilicus broad and deep. Distribution: the Holocene range of Opening wide, circular. The average Moelleriopsis messanensis extends from adult shell reaches 2–2.5 mm in diame- the Bay of Biscay to the lusitanian Sea- ter. The shell does not change its outline mounts and the West-Central Mediterra- through various stages of growth. nean Sea (WARéN, 1992; BECk, METzGER Operculum horny, yellowish and trans- & FREIWAlD, 2006). There are very few parent, multispiral with central nucleus records of live-taken specimens in the and narrow growing edge (Fig. 1 D, E). Mediterranean Basin, all from the The radula is more than 5 times as long North-Central Tyrrhenian Sea and the as wide, bilaterally symmetrical, of the Gulf of lion, from 400–1200 m depth rhipidoglossate type, with formula: n - (ARDOVINI & COSSIGNANI, 1999; COSSIG- 4 - 1 - 4 - n. The transverse rows are NANI & ARDOVINI, 2011; present study); more or less sigmoid; the central field empty shells are found between (rachidan + lateral teeth) is not very 350–2500 m depths. wide, the marginal fields are wide with Cyclostrema messanensis was descri- more than 25 teeth each (Fig. 1 F, 2 A, bed by G. Seguenza (1876) as a fossil B). The rachidian tooth is large, subtra- from the Pliocene of southern Italy but pezoidal, with a wide base laterally never illustrated. The type material is expanded, crossed by a horizontal supposedly lost (lA PERNA & D’AB- central ridge. The cutting edge is equip- RAMO, 2010) but three shells were subse- ped with 13–17 cusps, the central cusp quently found in a collection by is much larger than lateral ones (Fig. 2 Seguenza in the Geological and Paleon- C). The lateral teeth, increasing in size tological Museum of Florence univer- outwards, have a curved base, a sity (BERTOlASO & PAlAzzI, 2000), thus straight shaft and bent cutting edges confirming the identity of the species. 84 ROMANI & BOGI: Moelleriopsis messanensis, its radula and taxonomic position A B D C 200 µm 500 µm E F Figure 1. Moelleriopsis messanensis. A–C, E, F: Gulf of Lion, H 1.52 mm, W 2.01 mm. A: frontal view; B: apical view; C: protoconch; E: operculum, diameter 1.08 mm; F: radula. D: off Gorgona Island, H 1.05 mm, W 1.50 mm, frontal view. Figura 1. Moelleriopsis messanensis. A–C, E, F: Golfo de León, H 1,52 mm, W 2,01 mm. A: vista frontal; B: vista apical; C: protoconcha; E: opérculo, diámetro 1,08 mm; F: rádula. D: frente a la isla de Gorgona, H 1,05 mm, W 1,50 mm, vista frontal. DISCUSSION The genus Moelleriopsis Bush, 1897 sabysssicola is characterized by spiral was created for Moelleriopsis abyssicola keels running on the smooth whorls (1 Bush, 1897 a deep water skeneiform adapical and 4 periumbilical). This from the North-Eastern Atlantic Ocean, sculpture is very similar to that of known only from an incomplete empty Cyclostrema messanensis, which induced shell (BuSH, 1897: 138). Moelleriopsi- WARéN (1992) to consider the two 85 Iberus, 34 (1), 2016 A 25 µm B 20 µm C 10 µm D 20 µm Figure 2. Moelleriopsis messanensis, radula, Gulf of Lion. A: whole view; B, C: partial views of central and lateral teeth; D: marginal teeth. Figura 2. Moelleriopsis messanensis, radula, Golfo de León. A: vista general; B, C: vistas parciales de los dientes central y laterales; D: dientes marginales. species congeneric even if no anatomical species and M. messanensis, though details were known at that time. Other having somewhat similar shells, display skeneiform gastropods, both recent and completely different radular and oper- fossil, where also assigned to Moelleriop- cular patterns so cannot be regarded as sis only on conchological grounds, congeneric or even confamiliar. Instead (WARéN, 1992; HASEGAWA & OkuTANI, the radula of M. messanensis is very 2011; ENGl, 2012). The World Register of similar to that of Skenea basistriata (Jef- Marine species accepts nine Recent freys, 1877). species of Moelleriopsis (BOuCHET & The use of shell morphology to GOFAS, 2014), to which should be added assess the phylogenetic relationships of unidentified species reported by WARéN skeneiforms is not reliable, as concholo- & BOuCHET (1989), WARéN (1992), HASE- gical homoplasy is quite common in GAWA (2005) and BECk ET AL. (2006), and these small gastropods. Combined con- two fossil species (TABANEllI, 1991; chological, radular, anatomical and lOzOuET, 1999). molecular criteria must be used for this WARéN (1992), in his revised diagno- purpose. Since Moelleriopsis abyssicola is sis of Moelleriopsis, included radular unknown anatomically and the characters based on an undescribed holotype and only known specimen species from the Indian Ocean having a lacks a protoconch, it is not possible to radula of the “seguenzioid” type. This resolve this conflict definitely, but, 86 ROMANI & BOGI: Moelleriopsis messanensis, its radula and taxonomic position pending the availability of new material MNHNP provided the French material. for anatomical examination, it is reaso- Giovanni Repetto, Attilio Pagli and nable to provisionally place Moelleriopsis kazunori Hasegawa provided biblio- Bush, 1897 in the family Skeneidae graphic assistence. Sincere thanks are (Warén, pers. comm.). due to Stefano Bartolini for digital pho- tographs, to Anders Warèn for the SEM images and for useful exchange of views ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS and advices, to Enzo Campani for reading the manuscript. Harry G. lee The authors are grateful to Francesco contributed the English revision of the Giusti for the loan of material, the manuscript and made other suggestions. BIBLIOGRAPHY BECk T., METzGER T. & FREIWAlD A. 2006. HICkMAN C.S. 2013. Crosseolidae, a new fa- Biodiversity inventorial atlas of macro- mily of skeneiform microgastropods and benthic seamount animals. Eu-ESF project progress toward definition of monophyletic OASIS, 126 pp. Oceanic seamounts: an Skeneidae. American Malacological Bulletin, integrated study; EVk2-CT-2002-00073, 31 (1): 1–16. downloaded at <http://www1.uni-ham- kANO y. 2008. Vetigastropod phylogeny and a burg.de/OASIS/Pages/publications/BIAS new concept of Seguenzioidea: Independent .pdf>. evolution of copulatory organs in the deep- BERTOlASO l. & PAlAzzI S. 2000. Note sulla sea habitats. Zoologica Scripta, 37: 1–21. raccolta Seguenza di molluschi plio-pleisto- kANO y., CHIkyu E. & WARéN A. 2009. Morp- cenici della Provincia di Messina conservata hological, ecological and molecular charac- presso il Museo di Geologia e Paleontologia terization of the enigmatic planispiral snail dell’università di Firenze.
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    Graellsia, 53: 111-175 (1997) DESCRIPCIÓN DE NUEVAS ESPECIES ANIMALES DE LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA E ISLAS BALEARES (1978-1994): TENDENCIAS TAXONÓMICAS Y LISTADO SISTEMÁTICO M. Esteban (*) y B. Sanchiz (*) RESUMEN Durante el periodo 1978-1994 se han descrito cerca de 2.000 especies animales nue- vas para la ciencia en territorio ibérico-balear. Se presenta como apéndice un listado completo de las especies (1978-1993), ordenadas taxonómicamente, así como de sus referencias bibliográficas. Como tendencias generales en este proceso de inventario de la biodiversidad se aprecia un incremento moderado y sostenido en el número de taxones descritos, junto a una cada vez mayor contribución de los autores españoles. Es cada vez mayor el número de especies publicadas en revistas que aparecen en el Science Citation Index, así como el uso del idioma inglés. La mayoría de los phyla, clases u órdenes mues- tran gran variación en la cantidad de especies descritas cada año, dado el pequeño núme- ro absoluto de publicaciones. Los insectos son claramente el colectivo más estudiado, pero se aprecia una disminución en su importancia relativa, asociada al incremento de estudios en grupos poco conocidos como los nematodos. Palabras clave: Biodiversidad; Taxonomía; Península Ibérica; España; Portugal; Baleares. ABSTRACT Description of new animal species from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands (1978-1994): Taxonomic trends and systematic list During the period 1978-1994 about 2.000 new animal species have been described in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. A complete list of these new species for 1978-1993, taxonomically arranged, and their bibliographic references is given in an appendix.
  • Radula of Trajct1ut Ctcap11lcana ( Pilsbry and Lowe) N Eoteron Ariel

    Radula of Trajct1ut Ctcap11lcana ( Pilsbry and Lowe) N Eoteron Ariel

    THE GENUS TRAJANA (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA) IN THE NEW WORLD E:t\IILY II. VOKES TULANE UNIVERSITY CONTENTS I. ABSTRACT __ - 75 II. INTRODUCTION 75 III. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 77 IV. SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS 77 V. LOCALITY DATA _ 83 VI. LITERATURE CITED (8" ) ILLUSTRATIONS TEXT FIGURE 1. Radula of Trajct1Ut ctcap11lcana ( Pilsbry and Lowe) 76 TEXT FIGUEE 2. N eoteron ariel Pilsbry and Lowe 76 PLATE 1 _ 81 I. ABSTRACT off the coast of western Mexico. All species The nassarioid gastropod genus T1'ajanct are treated systematically. s.s. includes those species with a closed siphonal canal and a circular aperture, sur­ II. INTRODUCTION rounded by a raised p eristome. There are Those gastropods possessing a short, but four species in the fossil record of the slightly recurved, closed siphonal canal, a New World, occurring in the upper Mio­ circular aperture surrounded by a raised cene of North Carolina, Florida, Mexico, peristome, and a single terminal varix have and Peru, and the Pliocene of Ecuador. One presented a problem to writers for many of these four is a new species: T. ve1'ctcru­ years. Dall ( 1910, p. 32-33) suggested that zana E. H . Vokes, from the upper Miocene they be referred to the genus Hindsict A. Agueguexquite Formation of Mexico, and Adams, 1851, which was a troubled group represents the first record of the genus in from the start. Dell ( 1967, p. 309-310) the "Tertiary Caribbean Province," linking has summarized the problem nicely, stating: the eastern United States and the western "The name Hindsia had an uncertain intro­ South American occurrences.
  • Shell Sculpture and Ceratostoma Foliatum (Pdf)

    Shell Sculpture and Ceratostoma Foliatum (Pdf)

    Shell Sculpture and Ceratostoma foliatum by Nicole B. Webster Thanks in part to the Raymond Archer Marriott Memorial Fund that the PNWSC generously provided me [2014], I completed my PhD 'Development and Evolution of Shell Sculpture in Gastropods' at the University of Alberta with Rich Palmer. This work set the stage to look at the developmental mechanisms that allow snails (and other shelled organisms) to grow shell sculpture. The work was done at the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre in BC, Canada, focusing on three local muricid species: Nucella lamellosa, Nucella ostrina, and Ceratostoma foliatum. Some natural history observations Juvenile growth Ceratostoma foliatum is the northernmost snail that bears the striking muricid shell pattern. The shell has three broad wing-like (alate) varices on every whorl, which are lined up between whorls and spaced ~120° apart (Figure 1). Juveniles start out growing many sharp axial ribs on each whorl, each crosshatched with sharp spiral sculpture (Figure 1). As the snails grow, the spacing between axial ribs increases gradually, so that by about the 6-7th whorl, the ribs are arranged into regularly spaced varices with intervarical rounded knobs. The spiral ribs gradually become thicker and more widely spaced, producing the spiral cords. Like many species with periodic varices, C. foliatum grows in spurts: the intervarical region and varix are all growth together at once, followed by a longer rest period where they reinforce the new varix and presumably build up resources for the next growth spurt. Figure 1. Ceratostoma foliatum. Top row: A juvenile snail with ~6 whorls showing how they gradually grow into the adult sculpture pattern.