The United States Government Manual 1997/1998

Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration

?1 Revised May 30, 1997

Raymond A. Mosley, Director of the Federal Register. John W. Carlin, Archivist of the United States.

On the Cover: Jackie Robinson as a Brooklyn Dodger infielder (from the holdings of the National Archives and Records Administration’s Still Pictures Branch, 306–PS– 50–4370). The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) joins the Nation in celebrating the 50th anniversary of Jackie Robinson’s breaking the color barrier in major league baseball. NARA’s mission is to ensure access to essential evidence that documents the rights of American citizens, the actions of Federal officials, and the national experience through its nationwide system of repositories, public programs, and Federal Register publications. Records from NARA’s holdings reflect that Robinson’s contributions extended well beyond the playing field to the larger field of law and government. Every American President who held office between 1956 and 1972 received letters from Jackie Robinson expressing the passionate and, at times, combative spirit with which Robinson worked to remove the racial barriers in American society so that all citizens would receive rights guaranteed by the Constitution. For more information on Jackie Robinson’s legacy as seen through Federal records, visit NARA’s Digital Classroom exhibit, Jackie Robinson: Beyond the Playing Field (Internet, http://www.nara.gov/education/), a collection of correspondence, photographs, and three lesson plans that focus on civil rights history, character education values, and civic responsibility. Special thanks to CMG Worldwide and the Robinson family for their cooperation and permission to use the Jackie Robinson image and the 50th anniversary logo on this year’s Manual cover.

For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office

ii Preface

As the official handbook of the Federal Government, The United States Government Manual provides comprehensive information on the agencies of the legislative, judicial, and executive branches. The Manual also includes information on quasi- official agencies; international organizations in which the United States participates; and boards, commissions, and committees. A typical agency description includes a list of principal officials, a summary statement of the agency’s purpose and role in the Federal Government, a brief history of the agency, including its legislative or executive authority, a description of its programs and activities, and a ‘‘Sources of Information’’ section. This last section provides information on consumer activities, contracts and grants, employment, publications, and many other areas of public interest. The 1997/98 Manual was prepared by the Presidential and Legislative Publications Unit, Office of the Federal Register. Maxine L. Hill was Team Leader, and Karen L. Ashlin was Managing Editor, assisted by Brad Brooks, Anna Glover, Margaret A. Hemmig, Carolyn W. Hill, Michael Hoover, and Alfred Jones.

THE FEDERAL REGISTER AND ITS SPECIAL EDITIONS The Manual is published as a special edition of the Federal Register (see 1 CFR 9.1). Its focus is on programs and activities. Persons interested in detailed organizational structure, the regulatory documents of an agency, or Presidential documents should refer to the Federal Register or one of its other special editions, described below. Issued each Federal working day, the Federal Register provides a uniform system for publishing Presidential documents, regulatory documents with general applicability and legal effect, proposed rules, notices, and documents required to be published by statute. The Code of Federal Regulations is an annual codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register. The Code is divided into 50 titles that represent broad areas subject to Federal regulation. The Code is kept up to date by the individual issues of the Federal Register. The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents serves as a timely, up-to-date reference source for the public policies and activities of the President. It contains remarks, news conferences, messages, statements, and other Presidential material of a public nature issued by the White House during the week reported. A companion publication to the Weekly Compilation is the Public Papers of the Presidents, which contains public Presidential documents and speeches in convenient book form. Volumes of the Public Papers have been published for every President since Herbert Hoover, with the exception of Franklin D. Roosevelt, whose papers were published privately.

OTHER OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER PUBLICATIONS The Office of the Federal Register publishes slip laws, which are pamphlet prints of each public and private law enacted by Congress. Slip laws are compiled annually as the United States Statutes at Large. The Statutes volumes contain all public and private laws and concurrent resolutions enacted during a session of Congress; iii iv U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL recommendations for executive, legislative, and judicial salaries; reorganization plans; proposed and ratified amendments to the Constitution; and Presidential proclamations. Included with many of these documents are sidenotes, U.S. Code and statutes citations, and a summary of their legislative histories.

PUBLICATION AVAILABILITY The publications of the Office of the Federal Register are available for sale by writing:

Superintendent of Documents P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh, PA 15250–7954 and are also sold at Government Printing Office bookstores located in several major cities. Telephone inquiries should be directed to 202–512–1800.

ELECTRONIC SERVICES The Office of the Federal Register maintains a free electronic bulletin board service, FREND (Federal Register Electronic News Delivery), for public law numbers, Federal Register finding aids, and related information. To access by modem: phone, 202– 275–0920. In addition, the Federal Register’s public inspection list and table of contents are also available on the National Archives and Records Administration’s Fax-on- Demand system. Phone, 301–713–6905. The texts of The United States Government Manual, the Federal Register, many volumes of the Code of Federal Regulations, and the 1995 Privacy Act Compilation are available in electronic format. For more information, contact Electronic Information Dissemination Services, U.S. Government Printing Office. Phone, 202– 512–1530, or 888–293–6498 (toll-free). E-mail, [email protected].

FURTHER INFORMATION Information on The United States Government Manual and other publications of the Office of the Federal Register may be obtained by writing:

Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration Washington, DC 20408

Inquiries should be directed by phone to 202–523–5227, faxed to 202–523–6866, or E-mailed to [email protected]. Contents

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 1 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 5 Chart: The Government of the United States 22 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH Congress 25 Architect of the Capitol 43 United States Botanic Garden 44 General Accounting Office 46 Government Printing Office 49 Library of Congress 53 Congressional Budget Office 60 JUDICIAL BRANCH The Supreme Court of the United States 67 Lower Courts 68 Special Courts 75 Administrative Office of the United States Courts 78 Federal Judicial Center 82 United States Sentencing Commission 83 EXECUTIVE BRANCH The President of the United States 89 The Vice President of the United States 90 Executive Office of the President 90 The White House Office 90 Office of the Vice President of the United States 94 Council of Economic Advisers 94 Council on Environmental Quality 95 National Security Council 96 Office of Administration 97 Office of Management and Budget 99 Office of National Drug Control Policy 102 Office of Policy Development 104 Office of Science and Technology Policy 105 Office of the United States Trade Representative 106 Executive Agencies Departments Department of Agriculture 109 Department of Commerce 143 Department of Defense 172 Office of the Secretary of Defense 176 Joint Chiefs of Staff 177 DOD Field Activities 180 v vi U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Department of the Air Force 183 Department of the Army 193 Department of the Navy 207 Defense Agencies 224 Joint Service Schools 236 Department of Education 242 Department of Energy 252 Department of Health and Human Services 262 Department of Housing and Urban Development 299 Department of the Interior 307 Department of Justice 327 Department of Labor 365 Department of State 388 Department of Transportation 401 Department of the Treasury 438 Department of Veterans Affairs 470 Independent Establishments and Government Corporations African Development Foundation 491 Central Intelligence Agency 492 Commodity Futures Trading Commission 493 Consumer Product Safety Commission 495 Corporation for National and Community Service 498 Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board 503 Environmental Protection Agency 505 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 511 Export-Import Bank of the United States 518 Farm Credit Administration 520 Federal Communications Commission 523 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 529 Federal Election Commission 533 Federal Emergency Management Agency 534 Federal Housing Finance Board 538 Federal Labor Relations Authority 542 Federal Maritime Commission 545 Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service 548 Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission 549 Federal Reserve System 552 Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board 558 Federal Trade Commission 559 General Services Administration 565 Inter-American Foundation 577 Merit Systems Protection Board 578 National Aeronautics and Space Administration 580 National Archives and Records Administration 588 National Capital Planning Commission 597 National Credit Union Administration 599 National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities 601 National Labor Relations Board 607 National Mediation Board 611 National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) 613 National Science Foundation 615 National Transportation Safety Board 621 Nuclear Regulatory Commission 625 Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission 631 Office of Government Ethics 633 CONTENTS vii

Office of Personnel Management 635 Office of Special Counsel 639 Panama Canal Commission 641 Peace Corps 643 Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation 645 Postal Rate Commission 648 Railroad Retirement Board 649 Securities and Exchange Commission 652 Selective Service System 659 Small Business Administration 661 Social Security Administration 671 Tennessee Valley Authority 674 Trade and Development Agency 676 United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 679 United States Commission on Civil Rights 681 United States Information Agency 684 United States International Development Cooperation Agency 691 United States International Trade Commission 699 United States Postal Service 704 Guide to Boards, Commissions, and Committees 711 Quasi-Official Agencies Legal Services Corporation 715 Smithsonian Institution 716 State Justice Institute 733 United States Institute of Peace 734 Selected Multilateral Organizations 737 Selected Bilateral Organizations 747 Appendix A: Commonly Used Abbreviations and Acronyms 749 Appendix B: Terminated and Transferred Agencies 755 Appendix C: Agencies Appearing in the Code of Federal Regulations 811 NAME INDEX 821 AGENCY/SUBJECT INDEX 849 RECENT CHANGES 857 The Declaration of Independence

IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776.

THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION of the thirteen united STATES OF AMERICA,

WHEN in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.—We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.—That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,—That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.— Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.—He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.—He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.—He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.—He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.—He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.—He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State 1 2 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.—He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.—He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.—He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.—He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harrass our people, and eat out their substance.—He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies, without the Consent of our legislatures.—He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.—He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:—For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:— For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:—For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:—For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:—For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:—For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:—For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:—For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:—For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.—He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.—He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.—He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.—He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.—He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions. In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our Brittish brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.— WE, THEREFORE, the Representatives of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally disolved; and that as Free and DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 3

Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do.—And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.

John Hancock Benj. Harrison Lewis Morris Button Gwinnett Thos. Nelson, Jr. Richd. Stockton Lyman Hall Francis Lightfoot Lee Jno. Witherspoon Geo. Walton Carter Braxton Fras. Hopkinson Wm. Hooper Robt. Morris John Hart Joseph Hewes Benjamin Rush Abra. Clark John Penn Benj. Franklin Josiah Bartlett Edward Rutledge John Morton Wm. Whipple Thos. Heyward, Jr. Geo. Clymer Saml. Adams Thomas Lynch, Jr. Jas. Smith John Adams Arthur Middleton Geo. Taylor Robt. Treat Paine Samuel Chase James Wilson Elbridge Gerry Wm. Paca Geo. Ross Step. Hopkins Thos. Stone Caesar Rodney William Ellery Charles Carroll of Geo. Read Roger Sherman Carrollton Tho. M: Kean Sam. Huntington George Wythe Wm. Floyd Wm. Williams Richard Henry Lee Phil. Livingston Oliver Wolcott Th. Jefferson Frans. Lewis Matthew Thornton

The Constitution of the United States

WE THE PEOPLE of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Article I

Section 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Section 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumerations shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies. The House of Representatives shall chuse their speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment. Section 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the 5 6 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies. No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided. The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States. The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the Members present. Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to law. Section 4. The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day. Section 5. Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide. Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member. Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal. Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. Section 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place. No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 7 such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office. Section 7. All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law. Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill. Section 8. The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; To borrow Money on the Credit of the United States; To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes; To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States; To establish Post Offices and post Roads; To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations; To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; To provide and maintain a Navy; To make rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces; 8 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square), as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;—And To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. Section 9. The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person. The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it. No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken. No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State. No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time. No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State. Section 10. No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility. No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it’s inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress. No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 9

Article II

Section 1. The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President: and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President. The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States. No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States. In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them. Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:—‘‘I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.’’ Section 2. The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual 10 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments. The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session. Section 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States. Section 4. The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors.

Article III

Section 1. The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. Section 2. The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;—to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;—to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;— to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;—to Controversies between two or more States; between a State and Citizens of another State;— between Citizens of different States;—between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make. The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 11 committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed. Section 3. Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.

Article IV

Section 1. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof. Section 2. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States. A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. No person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due. Section 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State. Section 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.

Article V

The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of 12 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.

Article VI

All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation. This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.

Article VII

The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same. done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth In witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names, Go Washington—Presidt and deputy from Virginia New Hampshire John Langdon Nicholas Gilman Massachusetts Nathaniel Gorham Rufus King Connecticut Wm Saml Johnson Roger Sherman New York Alexander Hamilton New Jersey Wil: Livingston David Brearley. Wm Paterson. Jona: Dayton

Pennsylvania 1 B Franklin Thomas Mifflin Robt Morris Geo. Clymer Thos FitzSimons Jared Ingersoll

1 Spelled with one ‘‘n’’ on the original document. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 13

James Wilson Gouv Morris Delaware Geo: Read Gunning Bedford jun John Dickinson Richard Bassett Jaco: Broom

Maryland James McHenry Dan of St Thos Jenifer Danl Carroll

Virginia John Blair— James Madison Jr.

North Carolina Wm Blount Richd Dobbs Spaight. Hu Williamson

South Carolina J. Rutledge Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Charles Pinckney Pierce Butler.

Georgia William Few Abr Baldwin

Amendments

(The first 10 Amendments were ratified December 15, 1791, and form what is known as the Bill of Rights)

Amendment 1

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Amendment 2

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. 14 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Amendment 3

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Amendment 4

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Amendment 5

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

Amendment 6

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

Amendment 7

In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

Amendment 8

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 15

Amendment 9

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Amendment 10

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Amendment 11

(Ratified February 7, 1795) The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.

Amendment 12

(Ratified July 27, 1804) The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate;—The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted;—The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President.—The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. 16 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Amendment 13

(Ratified December 6, 1865) Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment 14

(Ratified July 9, 1868) Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 17

Amendment 15

(Ratified February 3, 1870) Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment 16

(Ratified February 3, 1913) The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

Amendment 17

(Ratified April 8, 1913) The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures. When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

Amendment 18

(Ratified January 16, 1919. Repealed December 5, 1933 by Amendment 21) Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. Section 2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress. 18 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Amendment 19

(Ratified August 18, 1920) The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment 20

(Ratified January 23, 1933) Section 1. The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin. Section 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. Section 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified. Section 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them. Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article. Section 6. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission.

Amendment 21

(Ratified December 5, 1933) Section 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed. Section 2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 19

Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

Amendment 22

(Ratified February 27, 1951) Section 1. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term. Section 2. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress.

Amendment 23

(Ratified March 29, 1961) Section 1. The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct: A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment. Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment 24

(Ratified January 23, 1964) Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax. Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 20 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Amendment 25

(Ratified February 10, 1967) Section 1. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress. Section 3. Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President. Section 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President. Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If the Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office.

Amendment 26

(Ratified July 1, 1971) Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 21

Amendment 27

(Ratified May 7, 1992) No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened. 22 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS HOUSING AND URBAN ARMED FORCES UNITED STATES JUDICIAL BRANCH SERVICES TERRITORIAL COURTS UNITED STATES COURTS FEDERAL JUDICIAL CENTER UNITED STATES TAX COURT THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE SUPREME COURT OF UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTS HEALTH AND HUMAN UNITED STATES COURTS OF APPEALS UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION UNITED STATES COURT OF FEDERAL CLAIMS UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE UNITED STATES COURT OF VETERANS APPEALS UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY U.S. ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY U.S. COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY U.S. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY U.S. INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION U.S. POSTAL SERVICE ENERGY DEPARTMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD NATIONAL MEDIATION BOARD NATIONAL RAILROAD PASSENGER CORPORATION (AMTRAK) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT ETHICS OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF SPECIAL COUNSEL PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION PEACE CORPS PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION POSTAL RATE COMMISSION RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY OFFICE OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY OFFICE OF THE U.S. TRADE REPRESENTATIVE STATE EDUCATION THE PRESIDENT DEPARTMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF THE VICE PRESIDENT EXECUTIVE BRANCH THE CONSTITUTION EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT INDEPENDENT ESTABLISHMENTS AND GOVERNMENT CORPORATIONS WHITE HOUSE OFFICE OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION LABOR DEFENSE DEPARTMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF UNITED STATES FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION FEDERAL MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION SERVICE FEDERAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM FEDERAL RETIREMENT THRIFT INVESTMENT BOARD FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL CAPITAL PLANNING COMMISSION NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND HUMANITIES JUSTICE COMMERCE DEPARTMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF THE CONGRESS SENATE HOUSE LIBRARY OF CONGRESSCONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH ARCHITECT OF THE CAPITOL GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE UNITED STATES BOTANIC GARDEN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION . CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE U.S. FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD THE INTERIOR AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF Legislative Branch

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LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

CONGRESS One Hundred and Fifth Congress, First Session

The Senate The Capitol, Washington, DC 20510 Phone, 202–224–3121

President of the Senate (Vice President of the AL GORE United States) President pro tempore STROM THURMOND Majority Leader TRENT LOTT Minority Leader THOMAS A. DASCHLE Secretary of the Senate GARY SISCO Sergeant at Arms GREGORY S. CASEY Secretary for the Majority ELIZABETH B. GREENE Secretary for the Minority MARTIN P. PAONE Chaplain LLOYD J. OGILVIE

The House of Representatives The Capitol, Washington, DC 20515 Phone, 202–225–3121

The Speaker NEWT GINGRICH Clerk ROBIN H. CARLE Sergeant at Arms WILSON L. LIVINGOOD Chief Administrative Officer JEFF TRANDAHL, Acting Chaplain REV. JAMES DAVID FORD

The Congress of the United States was created by Article I, section 1, of the Constitution, adopted by the Constitutional Convention on September 17, 1787, providing that ‘‘All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.’’ The first Congress under the Constitution met on March 4, 1789, in the Federal Hall in New York City. The membership then consisted of 20 1 Senators and 59 Representatives.

1New York ratified the Constitution on July 26, 1788, but did not elect its Senators until July 15 and 16, 1789. North Carolina did not ratify the Constitution until November 21, 1789; Rhode Island ratified it on May 29, 1790. 25 26 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL MINORITY MINORITY SECRETARY CLOAKROOM BOARD CAPITOL POLICE CAPITOL POLICE MINORITY LEADER SENATE POST OFFICE I.D./PARKING AND GARAGE STATE OFFICE COORDINATION PHOTOGRAPHIC CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER MEDIA GALLERIES RECORDING STUDIO COMPUTER CENTER SERVICE DEPARTMENT • PRINTING • EQUIPMENT • PRODUCTION SERVICES • GRAPHICS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT • • ACCOUNTING AT ARMS AT EXECUTIVE OFFICE AND DOORKEEPER DEPUTY SERGEANT SERGEANT AT ARMS COUNSEL AND DOORKEEPERS PROCUREMENT SEMINARS AND EDUCATION SENATE PAGE DORM OFFICE OF GENERAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS FACILITIES DIVISION • ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES • CABINET SHOP • CHAMBER ATTENDANTS • HAIRCARE • ELEVATOR OPERATORS HUMAN RESOURCES • PLACEMENT OFFICE • EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM • HEALTH PROMOTION • WORKERS COMP. • SPECIAL SERVICES CAPITOL GUIDE AND BOARD CAPITOL GUIDE OFFICES ELECTED CHAPLAIN LEADERSHIP COUNSEL TEMPORE LEGISLATIVE PRESIDENT PRO THE VICE PRESIDENT

Legend LEGAL Direct responsibility Oversight responsibility COUNSEL UNITED STATES SENATE SENATE SENATE GIFT SHOP COUNSEL FOR SENATE CHIEF EMPLOYMENT PAGE SCHOOL ADMINISTRATIVE STATIONERY ROOM • INTERPARLIAMENTARY SERVICES • HUMAN RESOURCES • INFORMATION SYSTEMS • GENERAL COUNSEL LEGISLATIVE • PARLIAMENTARIAN • JOURNAL CLERK • LEGISLATIVE CLERK • EXECUTIVE CLERK • BILL CLERK • ENROLLING CLERK • OFFICIAL REPORTERS OF DEBATES • DAILY DIGEST ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE SENATE THE SENATE SECRETARY OF LIBRARY CURATOR SERVICES PRINTING AND CAPTIONING CONSERVATION PUBLIC RECORDS DISBURSING OFFICE AND PRESERVATION SENATE SECURITY HISTORICAL OFFICE DOCUMENT SERVICES MAJORITY LEADER LEGISLATIVE SCHEDULING MAJORITY SECRETARY MAJORITY CLOAKROOM LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 27 CHAPLAIN COMMITTEE ON RULES MINORITY WHIP MINORITY LEADER ARMS COUNSEL SERGEANT AT LAW REVISION GENERAL INSPECTOR HOUSE OF THE SPEAKER PARLIAMENTARIAN REPRESENTATIVES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CLERK COUNSEL LEGISLATIVE MAJORITY WHIP MAJORITY LEADER HOUSE OFFICE OFFICER BUILDING COMMISSION CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE 28 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The Senate is composed of 100 Members, 2 from each State, who are elected to serve for a term of 6 years. Senators were originally chosen by the State legislatures. This procedure was changed by the 17th amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 1913, which made the election of Senators a function of the people. There are three classes of Senators, and a new class is elected every 2 years. The House of Representatives comprises 435 Representatives. The number representing each State is determined by population, but every State is entitled to at least one Representative. Members are elected by the people for 2-year terms, all terms running for the same period. Both the Senators and the Representatives must be residents of the State from which they are chosen. In addition, a Senator must be at least 30 years of age and must have been a citizen of the United States for at least 9 years; a Representative must be at least 25 years of age and must have been a citizen for at least 7 years. A Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico (elected for a 4-year term) and Delegates from American Samoa, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands complete the composition of the Congress of the United States. Delegates are elected for a term of 2 years. The Resident Commissioner and Delegates may take part in the floor discussions but have no vote in the full House or in the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. They do, however, vote in the committees to which they are assigned.

Officers The Vice President of the The Secretary of the Senate, elected by United States is the Presiding Officer of vote of the Senate, performs the duties of the Senate; in his absence the duties are the Presiding Officer of the Senate in the taken over by a President pro tempore, absence of the Vice President and elected by that body, or someone pending the election of a President pro designated by him. The Presiding Officer tempore. The Secretary is the custodian of the House of Representatives, the of the seal of the Senate, draws Speaker, is elected by the House; he requisitions on the Secretary of the may designate any Member of the House Treasury for moneys appropriated for the to act in his absence. compensation of Senators, officers, and The positions of Senate majority and employees, and for the contingent minority leader have been in existence expenses of the Senate, and is only since the early years of the 20th empowered to administer oaths to any century. Leaders are elected at the officer of the Senate and to any witness beginning of each new Congress by a produced before it. The Secretary’s majority vote of the Senators in their executive duties include certification of political party. In cooperation with their extracts from the Journal of the Senate; party organizations, leaders are the attestation of bills and joint, responsible for the design and concurrent, and Senate resolutions; in achievement of a legislative program. impeachment trials, issuance, under the This involves managing the flow of authority of the Presiding Officer, of all legislation, expediting noncontroversial orders, mandates, writs, and precepts measures, and keeping Members authorized by the Senate; and informed regarding proposed action on certification to the President of the pending business. Each leader serves as United States of the advice and consent an ex officio member of his party’s of the Senate to ratification of treaties policymaking and organizational bodies and the names of persons confirmed or and is aided by an assistant floor leader rejected upon the nomination of the (whip) and a party secretary. President. The House leadership is structured The Sergeant at Arms of the Senate is essentially the same as the Senate, with elected by and serves as the Executive the Members in the political parties Officer of that body. He directs and responsible for the election of their supervises the various departments and respective leader and whips. facilities under his jurisdiction. He is LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 29 also the Law Enforcement and Protocol Police Board, the Sergeant at Arms is the Officer. As Law Enforcement Officer, he chief law enforcement officer for the has statutory power to make arrests; to House and serves as Board Chairman locate absentee Senators for a quorum; each even year. The ceremonial and to enforce Senate rules and regulations protocol duties parallel those of the as they pertain to the Senate Chamber, Senate Sergeant at Arms and include the Senate wing of the Capitol, and the arranging the inauguration of the Senate Office Buildings. He serves as a member of the Capitol Police Board and President of the United States, Joint as its chairman each odd year; and, Sessions of Congress, visits to the House subject to the Presiding Officer, of heads of state, and funerals of maintains order in the Senate Chamber. Members of Congress. As Protocol Officer, he is responsible for The Sergeant at Arms enforces the many aspects of ceremonial functions, rules relating to the privileges of the Hall including the inauguration of the of the House, including admission to the President of the United States; arranging galleries. funerals of Senators who die in office; escorting the President when he The Chief Administrative Officer is addresses a Joint Session of Congress or charged with the administration of other attends any function in the Senate; and House support services, including: escorting heads of state when they visit payroll, benefits, postal operations and the Senate. internal mail distribution, office The elected officers of the House of furnishings, office equipment, office Representatives include the Clerk, the supplies, and the administration of the Sergeant at Arms, the Doorkeeper, and House televised floor proceedings. the Chaplain. Committees The work of preparing and The Clerk is custodian of the seal of considering legislation is done largely by the House and administers the primary committees of both Houses of Congress. legislative activities of the House. These There are 16 standing committees in the duties include: accepting the credentials Senate and 19 in the House of of the Members-elect and calling the Representatives. The standing Members to order at the commencement committees of the Senate and the House of the first session of each Congress; of Representatives are shown in the list keeping the Journal; taking all votes and below. In addition, there are select certifying the passage of bills; and committees in each House (one in the processing all legislation. Through House of Representatives for the One various departments, the Clerk is also responsible for floor and committee Hundred and Fourth Congress), and reporting services; legislative information various congressional commissions and and reference services; the joint committees composed of Members administration of House reports pursuant of both Houses. Each House may also to certain legislation including the Ethics appoint special investigating committees. in Government Act, the Federal Election The membership of the standing Campaign Act, and the Lobbying committees of each House is chosen by Disclosure Act of 1995; the distribution a vote of the entire body; members of of House documents and supervision of other committees are appointed under the operations of the House Document the provisions of the measure Room; and administration of the House establishing them. Page Program. The Clerk is also charged with supervision of the offices vacated Each bill and resolution is usually by Members due to death, resignation, referred to the appropriate committee, or expulsion. which may report a bill out in its The Sergeant at Arms maintains the original form, favorably or unfavorably, order of the House under the direction recommend amendments, or allow the of the Speaker and is the keeper of the proposed legislation to die in committee Mace. As a member of the U.S. Capitol without action. 30 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Standing Committees of the Congress

House Committee Room 1 Senate Committee Room 2

Agriculture ...... 1301 Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry ...... SR±328A Appropriations ...... H218 Appropriations ...... S±128 Banking and Financial Services ...... 2129 Armed Services ...... SR±228 Budget ...... 309 Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs ...... SD±534 Commerce ...... 2125 Budget ...... SD±621 Education and the Workforce ...... 2181 Commerce, Science, and Transportation ...... SD±508 Government Reform and Oversight ...... 2157 Energy and Natural Resources ...... SD±364 House Oversight ...... 1309 Environment and Public Works ...... SD±410 Commission on Congressional Mailing Stand- ards: Majority ...... 140 Minority ...... 1339 International Relations ...... 2170 Finance ...... SD±219 Judiciary ...... 2138 Foreign Relations ...... SD±450 Publications ...... B29 National Security ...... 2120 Governmental Affairs ...... SD±340 Resources ...... 1324 Judiciary ...... SD±224 Rules ...... H312 Labor and Human Resources ...... SD±428 Minority ...... 234 Science ...... 2320 Rules and Administration ...... SR±305 Small Business ...... 2361 Small Business ...... SR±428A Standards of Official Conduct ...... HT2 Veterans' Affairs ...... SR±412 Office of Advice and Education ...... HT2 Transportation and Infrastructure ...... 2165 Veterans' Affairs ...... 335 Ways and Means ...... 1102 1 Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building, four digits beginning with 1 are in the Long- worth House Office Building, and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building. Room numbers pre- ceded by H or HT are in the House Capitol Building. 2 Room numbers preceded by S are in the main Capitol building; those preceded by SD are in the Dirksen Office Building; and those preceded by SR are in the Russell Office Building.

Congressional Record Proceedings of 1820 to 1934, however, Congress met Congress are published in the regularly on the first Monday in Congressional Record, which is issued December. In 1934 the Twentieth when Congress is in session. Publication Amendment changed the convening of of the Record began March 4, 1873; it Congress to January 3, unless Congress was the first record of debate officially ‘‘shall by law appoint a different day.’’ reported, printed, and published directly In addition, the President, according to by the Federal Government. The Daily Article II, section 3, of the Constitution Digest of the Congressional Record, ‘‘may, on extraordinary Occasions, printed in the back of each issue of the convene both Houses, or either of them, Record, summarizes the proceedings of and in Case of Disagreement between that day in each House, and before each them, with Respect to the Time of of their committees and subcommittees, Adjournment, he may adjourn them to respectively. The Digest also presents the such Time as he shall think legislative program for each day and, at proper. .. .’’ the end of the week, gives the program Powers of Congress Article I, section 8, for the following week. Its publication of the Constitution defines the powers of was begun March 17, 1947. Congress. Included are the powers to Sessions Section 4 of Article I of the assess and collect taxes—called the chief Constitution makes it mandatory that power; to regulate commerce, both ‘‘The Congress shall assemble at least interstate and foreign; to coin money; to once in every Year. .. .’’ Under this establish post offices and post roads; to provision, also, the date for convening establish courts inferior to the Supreme Congress was designated originally as Court; to declare war; and to raise and the first Monday in December, ‘‘unless maintain an army and navy. Congress is they shall by Law appoint a different further empowered ‘‘To provide for Day.’’ Eighteen acts were passed, up to calling forth the Militia to execute the 1820, providing for the meeting of Laws of the Union, suppress Congress on other days of the year. From Insurrections and repel Invasions;’’ and LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 31

‘‘To make all Laws which shall be State. ‘‘No money shall be drawn from necessary and proper for carrying into the Treasury, but in Consequence of Execution the foregoing Powers, and all Appropriations made by Law. .. .’’ No other Powers vested by this Constitution title of nobility may be granted. in the Government of the United States, Rights of Members According to or in any Department or Officer section 6 of Article I, Members of thereof.’’ Congress are granted certain privileges. Amendments to the Constitution In no case, except in treason, felony, Another power vested in the Congress is and breach of the peace, can Members the right to propose amendments to the be arrested while attending sessions of Constitution, whenever two-thirds of Congress ‘‘and in going to and returning both Houses shall deem it necessary. from the same. .. .’’ Furthermore, the Should two-thirds of the State legislatures Members cannot be questioned in any demand changes in the Constitution, it is other place for remarks made in the duty of Congress to call a Congress. Each House may expel a constitutional convention. Proposed Member of its body by a two-thirds vote. amendments shall be valid as part of the Enactment of Laws All bills and joint Constitution when ratified by the resolutions must pass both the House of legislatures or by conventions of three- Representatives and the Senate and must fourths of the States, as one or the other be signed by the President, except those mode of ratification may be proposed by proposing a constitutional amendment, Congress. in order to become law, or be passed Special Powers of the Senate Under over the President’s veto by a two-thirds the Constitution, the Senate is granted vote of both Houses of Congress. Section certain powers not accorded to the 7 of Article I states: ‘‘If any Bill shall not House of Representatives. The Senate be returned by the President within ten approves or disapproves certain Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall Presidential appointments by majority have been presented to him, the Same vote, and treaties must be concurred in shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he by a two-thirds vote. had signed it, unless the Congress by Special Powers of the House of their Adjournment prevent its Return, in Representatives The House of which Case it shall not be a Law.’’ Representatives is granted the power of When a bill or joint resolution is originating all bills for the raising of introduced in the House, the usual revenue. procedure for its enactment into law is Both Houses of Congress act in as follows: impeachment proceedings, which, —assignment to House committee according to the Constitution, may be having jurisdiction; —if favorably considered, it is instituted against the President, Vice reported to the House either in its President, and all civil officers of the original form or with recommended United States. The House of amendments; Representatives has the sole power of —if the bill or resolution is passed by impeachment, and the Senate has the the House, it is messaged to the Senate sole power to try impeachments. and referred to the committee having Prohibitions Upon Congress Section 9 jurisdiction; of Article I of the Constitution also —in the Senate committee the bill, if imposes prohibitions upon Congress. favorably considered, may be reported in ‘‘The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas the form as received from the House, or Corpus shall not be suspended, unless with recommended amendments; when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion —the approved bill or resolution is the public Safety may require it.’’ A bill reported to the Senate, and if passed by of attainder or an ex post facto law that body, is returned to the House; cannot be passed. No export duty can —if one body does not accept the be imposed. Ports of one State cannot be amendments to a bill by the other body, given preference over those of another a conference committee comprised of 32 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Members of both bodies is usually the President vetoes the bill, it cannot appointed to effect a compromise; become a law unless it is re-passed by a —when the bill or joint resolution is two-thirds vote of both Houses. finally approved by both Houses, it is Publications The Congressional signed by the Speaker (or Speaker pro Directory, the Senate Manual, and the tempore) and the Vice President (or House Rules and Manual may be President pro tempore or acting obtained from the Superintendent of President pro tempore) and is presented to the President; and Documents, Government Printing Office, —once the President’s signature is Washington, DC 20402. affixed, the measure becomes a law. If Senators [Republicans in roman (55); Democrats in italic (45); total, 100] Room numbers preceded by SR are in the Russell Office Building (Delaware and Constitution Avenues); those preceded by SD are in the Dirksen Office Building (First Street and Constitution Avenue); and those preceded by SH are in the Hart Office Building (Second and C Streets). Members' offices may be reached by phone at 202±224±3121.

Name State Room

Abraham, Spencer ...... Michigan ...... SD±329 Akaka, Daniel K ...... Hawaii ...... SH±720 Allard, Wayne ...... Colorado ...... SH±513 Ashcroft, John ...... Missouri ...... SH±316 Baucus, Max ...... Montana ...... SH±511 Bennett, Robert F ...... Utah ...... SD±431 Biden, Joseph R., Jr ...... Delaware ...... SR±221 Bingaman, Jeff ...... New Mexico ...... SH±703 Bond, Christopher S ...... Missouri ...... SR±274 Boxer, Barbara ...... California ...... SH±112 Breaux, John B ...... Louisiana ...... SH±516 Brownback, Sam ...... Kansas ...... SH±303 Bryan, Richard H ...... Nevada ...... SR±269 Bumpers, Dale ...... Arkansas ...... SD±229 Burns, Conrad R ...... Montana ...... SD±187 Byrd, Robert C ...... West Virginia ...... SH±311 Campbell, Ben Nighthorse ...... Colorado ...... SR±380 Chafee, John H ...... Rhode Island ...... SD±505 Cleland, Max ...... Georgia ...... SD±461 Coats, Dan ...... Indiana ...... SR±404 Cochran, Thad ...... Mississippi ...... SR±326 Collins, Susan M ...... Maine ...... SR±172 Conrad, Kent ...... North Dakota ...... SH±530 Coverdell, Paul ...... Georgia ...... SR±200 Craig, Larry E ...... Idaho ...... SH±313 D'Amato, Alfonse M ...... New York ...... SH±520 Daschle, Thomas A ...... South Dakota ...... SH±509 DeWine, Mike ...... Ohio ...... SR±140 Dodd, Christopher J ...... Connecticut ...... SR±444 Domenici, Pete V ...... New Mexico ...... SH±328 Dorgan, Byron L ...... North Dakota ...... SH±713 Durbin, Richard J ...... Illinois ...... SR±364 Enzi, Michael B ...... Wyoming ...... SR±290 Faircloth, Lauch ...... North Carolina ...... SH±317 Feingold, Russell D ...... Wisconsin ...... SH±716 Feinstein, Dianne ...... California ...... SH±331 Ford, Wendell H ...... Kentucky ...... SR±173A Frist, Bill ...... Tennessee ...... SD±565 Glenn, John ...... Ohio ...... SH±503 Gorton, Slade ...... Washington ...... SH±730 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 33

Senators—Continued [Republicans in roman (55); Democrats in italic (45); total, 100] Room numbers preceded by SR are in the Russell Office Building (Delaware and Constitution Avenues); those preceded by SD are in the Dirksen Office Building (First Street and Constitution Avenue); and those preceded by SH are in the Hart Office Building (Second and C Streets). Members' offices may be reached by phone at 202±224±3121.

Name State Room

Graham, Bob ...... Florida ...... SH±524 Gramm, Phil ...... Texas ...... SR±370 Grams, Rod ...... Minnesota ...... SD±261 Grassley, Charles E ...... Iowa ...... SH±135 Gregg, Judd ...... New Hampshire ...... SR±393 Hagel, Chuck ...... Nebraska ...... SR±346 Harkin, Tom ...... Iowa ...... SH±731 Hatch, Orrin G ...... Utah ...... SR±131 Helms, Jesse ...... North Carolina ...... SD±403 Hollings, Ernest F ...... South Carolina ...... SR±125 Hutchinson, Tim ...... Arkansas ...... SD±245 Hutchison, Kay Bailey ...... Texas ...... SR±283 Inhofe, James M ...... Oklahoma ...... SR±453 Inouye, Daniel K ...... Hawaii ...... SH±722 Jeffords, James M ...... Vermont ...... SH±728 Johnson, Tim ...... South Dakota ...... SH±502 Kempthorne, Dirk ...... Idaho ...... SR±304 Kennedy, Edward M ...... Massachusetts ...... SR±315 Kerrey, J. Robert ...... Nebraska ...... SH±141 Kerry, John F ...... Massachusetts ...... SR±421 Kohl, Herb ...... Wisconsin ...... SH±330 Kyl, Jon ...... Arizona ...... SH±724 Landrieu, Mary L ...... Louisiana ...... SH±702 Lautenberg, Frank R ...... New Jersey ...... SH±506 Leahy, Patrick J ...... Vermont ...... SR±433 Levin, Carl ...... Michigan ...... SR±459 Lieberman, Joseph I ...... Connecticut ...... SH±706 Lott, Trent ...... Mississippi ...... SR±487 Lugar, Richard G ...... Indiana ...... SH±306 Mack, Connie ...... Florida ...... SH±517 McCain, John ...... Arizona ...... SR±241 McConnell, Mitch ...... Kentucky ...... SR±361A Mikulski, Barbara A ...... Maryland ...... SH±709 Moseley-Braun, Carol ...... Illinois ...... SH±324 Moynihan, Daniel Patrick ...... New York ...... SR±464 Murkowski, Frank H ...... Alaska ...... SH±322 Murray, Patty ...... Washington ...... SR±111 Nickles, Don ...... Oklahoma ...... SH±133 Reed, Jack ...... Rhode Island ...... SH±320 Reid, Harry ...... Nevada ...... SH±528 Robb, Charles S ...... Virginia ...... SR±154 Roberts, Pat ...... Kansas ...... SH±302 Rockefeller, John D., IV ...... West Virginia ...... SH±531 Roth, William V., Jr ...... Delaware ...... SH±104 Santorum, Rick ...... Pennsylvania ...... SR±120 Sarbanes, Paul S ...... Maryland ...... SH±309 Sessions, Jeff ...... Alabama ...... SR±495 Shelby, Richard C ...... Alabama ...... SH±110 Smith, Bob ...... New Hampshire ...... SD±307 Smith, Gordon ...... Oregon ...... SD±359 Snowe, Olympia J ...... Maine ...... SR±250 Specter, Arlen ...... Pennsylvania ...... SH±711 Stevens, Ted ...... Alaska ...... SH±522 34 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Senators—Continued [Republicans in roman (55); Democrats in italic (45); total, 100] Room numbers preceded by SR are in the Russell Office Building (Delaware and Constitution Avenues); those preceded by SD are in the Dirksen Office Building (First Street and Constitution Avenue); and those preceded by SH are in the Hart Office Building (Second and C Streets). Members' offices may be reached by phone at 202±224±3121.

Name State Room

Thomas, Craig ...... Wyoming ...... SH±109 Thompson, Fred ...... Tennessee ...... SD±523 Thurmond, Strom ...... South Carolina ...... SR±217 Torricelli, Robert G ...... New Jersey ...... SD±113 Warner, John W ...... Virginia ...... SR±225 Wellstone, Paul D ...... Minnesota ...... SH±136 Wyden, Ron ...... Oregon ...... SH±717

Representatives [Republicans in roman (228); Democrats in italic (206); Independents in bold (1); total, 435] Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and Independence Avenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Cap- itol Street and New Jersey Avenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members' offices may be reached by phone at 202±225±3121.

Name State (District) Room

Abercrombie, Neil ...... Hawaii (1) ...... 1233 Ackerman, Gary L ...... New York (5) ...... 2243 Aderholt, Robert B ...... Alabama (4) ...... 1007 Allen, Thomas H ...... Maine (1) ...... 1630 Andrews, Robert E ...... New Jersey (1) ...... 2439 Archer, Bill ...... Texas (7) ...... 1236 Armey, Richard K ...... Texas (26) ...... 301 Bachus, Spencer ...... Alabama (6) ...... 442 Baesler, Scotty ...... Kentucky (6) ...... 2463 Baker, Richard H ...... Louisiana (6) ...... 434 Baldacci, John Elias ...... Maine (2) ...... 1740 Ballenger, Cass ...... North Carolina (10) ...... 2182 Barcia, James A ...... Michigan (5) ...... 2419 Barr, Bob ...... Georgia (7) ...... 1130 Barrett, Bill ...... Nebraska (3) ...... 2458 Barrett, Thomas M ...... Wisconsin (5) ...... 1224 Bartlett, Roscoe G ...... Maryland (6) ...... 322 Barton, Joe ...... Texas (6) ...... 2264 Bass, Charles F ...... New Hampshire (2) ...... 218 Bateman, Herbert H ...... Virginia (1) ...... 2350 Becerra, Xavier ...... California (30) ...... 1119 Bentsen, Ken ...... Texas (25) ...... 128 Bereuter, Doug ...... Nebraska (1) ...... 2184 Berman, Howard L ...... California (26) ...... 2330 Berry, Marion ...... Arkansas (1) ...... 1407 Bilbray, Brian P ...... California (49) ...... 1530 Bilirakis, Michael ...... Florida (9) ...... 2369 Bishop, Sanford D., Jr ...... Georgia (2) ...... 1433 Blagojevich, Rod R ...... Illinois (5) ...... 501 Bliley, Tom ...... Virginia (7) ...... 2409 Blumenauer, Earl ...... Oregon (3) ...... 1113 Blunt, Roy ...... Missouri (7) ...... 508 Boehlert, Sherwood L ...... New York (23) ...... 2246 Boehner, John A ...... Ohio (8) ...... 1011 Bonilla, Henry ...... Texas (23) ...... 1427 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 35

Representatives—Continued [Republicans in roman (228); Democrats in italic (206); Independents in bold (1); total, 435] Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and Independence Avenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Cap- itol Street and New Jersey Avenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members' offices may be reached by phone at 202±225±3121.

Name State (District) Room

Bonior, David E ...... Michigan (10) ...... 2207 Bono, Sonny ...... California (44) ...... 324 Borski, Robert A ...... Pennsylvania (3) ...... 2267 Boswell, Leonard L ...... Iowa (3) ...... 1029 Boucher, Rick ...... Virginia (9) ...... 2329 Boyd, Allen ...... Florida (2) ...... 1237 Brady, Kevin ...... Texas (8) ...... 1531 Brown, Corrine ...... Florida (3) ...... 1610 Brown, George E., Jr ...... California (42) ...... 2300 Brown, Sherrod ...... Ohio (13) ...... 328 Bryant, Ed ...... Tennessee (7) ...... 408 Bunning, Jim ...... Kentucky (4) ...... 2437 Burr, Richard ...... North Carolina (5) ...... 1513 Burton, Dan ...... Indiana (6) ...... 2185 Buyer, Stephen E ...... Indiana (5) ...... 326 Callahan, Sonny ...... Alabama (1) ...... 2418 Calvert, Ken ...... California (43) ...... 1034 Camp, Dave ...... Michigan (4) ...... 137 Campbell, Tom ...... California (15) ...... 2442 Canady, Charles T ...... Florida (12) ...... 2432 Cannon, Chris ...... Utah (3) ...... 118 Capps, Walter H ...... California (22) ...... 1118 Cardin, Benjamin L ...... Maryland (3) ...... 104 Carson, Julia ...... Indiana (10) ...... 1541 Castle, Michael N ...... Delaware (At Large) ...... 1227 Chabot, Steve ...... Ohio (1) ...... 129 Chambliss, Saxby ...... Georgia (8) ...... 1019 Chenoweth, Helen ...... Idaho (1) ...... 1727 Christensen, Jon ...... Nebraska (2) ...... 413 Clay, William (Bill) ...... Missouri (1) ...... 2306 Clayton, Eva M ...... North Carolina (1) ...... 2440 Clement, Bob ...... Tennessee (5) ...... 2229 Clyburn, James E ...... South Carolina (6) ...... 319 Coble, Howard ...... North Carolina (6) ...... 2239 Coburn, Tom A ...... Oklahoma (2) ...... 429 Collins, Mac ...... Georgia (3) ...... 1131 Combest, Larry ...... Texas (19) ...... 1026 Condit, Gary A ...... California (18) ...... 2245 Conyers, John, Jr ...... Michigan (14) ...... 2426 Cook, Merrill ...... Utah (2) ...... 1431 Cooksey, John ...... Louisiana (5) ...... 317 Costello, Jerry F ...... Illinois (12) ...... 2454 Cox, Christopher ...... California (47) ...... 2402 Coyne, William J ...... Pennsylvania (14) ...... 2455 Cramer, Robert E. (Bud), Jr ...... Alabama (5) ...... 2416 Crane, Philip M ...... Illinois (8) ...... 233 Crapo, Michael D ...... Idaho (2) ...... 437 Cubin, Barbara ...... Wyoming (At Large) ...... 1114 Cummings, Elijah E ...... Maryland (7) ...... 1632 Cunningham, Randy (Duke) ...... California (51) ...... 2238 Danner, Pat ...... Missouri (6) ...... 1207 Davis, Danny K ...... Illinois (7) ...... 1218 36 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Representatives—Continued [Republicans in roman (228); Democrats in italic (206); Independents in bold (1); total, 435] Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and Independence Avenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Cap- itol Street and New Jersey Avenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members' offices may be reached by phone at 202±225±3121.

Name State (District) Room

Davis, Jim ...... Florida (11) ...... 327 Davis, Thomas M ...... Virginia (11) ...... 224 Deal, Nathan ...... Georgia (9) ...... 1406 DeFazio, Peter A ...... Oregon (4) ...... 2134 DeGette, Diana ...... Colorado (1) ...... 1404 Delahunt, William D ...... Massachusetts (10) ...... 1517 DeLauro, Rosa L ...... Connecticut (3) ...... 436 DeLay, Tom ...... Texas (22) ...... 341 Dellums, Ronald V ...... California (9) ...... 2108 Deutsch, Peter ...... Florida (20) ...... 204 Diaz-Balart, Lincoln ...... Florida (21) ...... 404 Dickey, Jay ...... Arkansas (4) ...... 2453 Dicks, Norman D ...... Washington (6) ...... 2467 Dingell, John D ...... Michigan (16) ...... 2328 Dixon, Julian C ...... California (32) ...... 2252 Doggett, Lloyd ...... Texas (10) ...... 126 Dooley, Calvin M ...... California (20) ...... 1201 Doolittle, John T ...... California (4) ...... 1526 Doyle, Michael F ...... Pennsylvania (18) ...... 133 Dreier, David ...... California (28) ...... 237 Duncan, John J., Jr ...... Tennessee (2) ...... 2400 Dunn, Jennifer ...... Washington (8) ...... 432 Edwards, Chet ...... Texas (11) ...... 2459 Ehlers, Vernon J ...... Michigan (3) ...... 1717 Ehrlich, Robert L., Jr ...... Maryland (2) ...... 315 Emerson, Jo Ann ...... Missouri (8) ...... 132 Engel, Eliot L ...... New York (17) ...... 2303 English, Phil ...... Pennsylvania (21) ...... 1721 Ensign, John E ...... Nevada (1) ...... 414 Eshoo, Anna G ...... California (14) ...... 308 Etheridge, Bob ...... North Carolina (2) ...... 1641 Evans, Lane ...... Illinois (17) ...... 2335 Everett, Terry ...... Alabama (2) ...... 208 Ewing, Thomas W ...... Illinois (15) ...... 2417 Farr, Sam ...... California (17) ...... 1117 Fattah, Chaka ...... Pennsylvania (2) ...... 1205 Fawell, Harris W ...... Illinois (13) ...... 2368 Fazio, Vic ...... California (3) ...... 2113 Filner, Bob ...... California (50) ...... 330 Flake, Floyd H ...... New York (6) ...... 1035 Foglietta, Thomas M ...... Pennsylvania (1) ...... 242 Foley, Mark ...... Florida (16) ...... 113 Forbes, Michael P ...... New York (1) ...... 416 Ford, Harold E., Jr ...... Tennessee (9) ...... 1523 Fowler, Tillie K ...... Florida (4) ...... 109 Fox, Jon D ...... Pennsylvania (13) ...... 435 Frank, Barney ...... Massachusetts (4) ...... 2210 Franks, Bob ...... New Jersey (7) ...... 225 Frelinghuysen, Rodney P ...... New Jersey (11) ...... 228 Frost, Martin ...... Texas (24) ...... 2256 Furse, Elizabeth ...... Oregon (1) ...... 316 Gallegly, Elton ...... California (23) ...... 2427 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 37

Representatives—Continued [Republicans in roman (228); Democrats in italic (206); Independents in bold (1); total, 435] Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and Independence Avenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Cap- itol Street and New Jersey Avenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members' offices may be reached by phone at 202±225±3121.

Name State (District) Room

Ganske, Greg ...... Iowa (4) ...... 1108 Gejdenson, Sam ...... Connecticut (2) ...... 1401 Gekas, George W ...... Pennsylvania (17) ...... 2410 Gephardt, Richard A ...... Missouri (3) ...... 1226 Gibbons, Jim ...... Nevada (2) ...... 1116 Gilchrest, Wayne T ...... Maryland (1) ...... 332 Gillmor, Paul E ...... Ohio (5) ...... 1203 Gilman, Benjamin A ...... New York (20) ...... 2449 Gingrich, Newt ...... Georgia (6) ...... 2428 Gonzalez, Henry B ...... Texas (20) ...... 2413 Goode, Virgil H., Jr ...... Virginia (5) ...... 1520 Goodlatte, Bob ...... Virginia (6) ...... 123 Goodling, William F ...... Pennsylvania (19) ...... 2263 Gordon, Bart ...... Tennessee (6) ...... 2201 Goss, Porter J ...... Florida (14) ...... 108 Graham, Lindsey O ...... South Carolina (3) ...... 1429 Granger, Kay ...... Texas (12) ...... 515 Green, Gene ...... Texas (29) ...... 2429 Greenwood, James C ...... Pennsylvania (8) ...... 2436 Gutierrez, Luis V ...... Illinois (4) ...... 2438 Gutknecht, Gil ...... Minnesota (1) ...... 425 Hall, Ralph M ...... Texas (4) ...... 2221 Hall, Tony P ...... Ohio (3) ...... 1432 Hamilton, Lee H ...... Indiana (9) ...... 2314 Hansen, James V ...... Utah (1) ...... 2466 Harman, Jane ...... California (36) ...... 325 Hastert, J. Dennis ...... Illinois (14) ...... 2241 Hastings, Alcee L ...... Florida (23) ...... 1039 Hastings, Doc ...... Washington (4) ...... 1323 Hayworth, J.D ...... Arizona (6) ...... 1023 Hefley, Joel ...... Colorado (5) ...... 2230 Hefner, W.G. (Bill) ...... North Carolina (8) ...... 2470 Herger, Wally ...... California (2) ...... 2433 Hill, Rick ...... Montana (At Large) ...... 1037 Hilleary, Van ...... Tennessee (4) ...... 114 Hilliard, Earl F ...... Alabama (7) ...... 1314 Hinchey, Maurice D ...... New York (26) ...... 2431 Hinojosa, RubeÂn ...... Texas (15) ...... 1032 Hobson, David L ...... Ohio (7) ...... 1514 Hoekstra, Peter ...... Michigan (2) ...... 1122 Holden, Tim ...... Pennsylvania (6) ...... 1421 Hooley, Darlene ...... Oregon (5) ...... 1419 Horn, Stephen ...... California (38) ...... 438 Hostettler, John N ...... Indiana (8) ...... 431 Houghton, Amo ...... New York (31) ...... 1110 Hoyer, Steny H ...... Maryland (5) ...... 1705 Hulshof, Kenny C ...... Missouri (9) ...... 1728 Hunter, Duncan ...... California (52) ...... 2265 Hutchinson, Asa ...... Arkansas (3) ...... 1535 Hyde, Henry J ...... Illinois (6) ...... 2110 Inglis, Bob ...... South Carolina (4) ...... 320 Istook, Ernest J., Jr ...... Oklahoma (5) ...... 119 38 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Representatives—Continued [Republicans in roman (228); Democrats in italic (206); Independents in bold (1); total, 435] Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and Independence Avenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Cap- itol Street and New Jersey Avenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members' offices may be reached by phone at 202±225±3121.

Name State (District) Room

Jackson, Jesse L., Jr ...... Illinois (2) ...... 313 Jackson Lee, Sheila ...... Texas (18) ...... 410 Jefferson, William J ...... Louisiana (2) ...... 240 Jenkins, William L ...... Tennessee (1) ...... 1708 John, Christopher ...... Louisiana (7) ...... 1504 Johnson, Eddie Bernice ...... Texas (30) ...... 1123 Johnson, Jay W ...... Wisconsin (8) ...... 1313 Johnson, Nancy L ...... Connecticut (6) ...... 343 Johnson, Sam ...... Texas (3) ...... 1030 Jones, Walter B ...... North Carolina (3) ...... 422 Kanjorski, Paul E ...... Pennsylvania (11) ...... 2353 Kaptur, Marcy ...... Ohio (9) ...... 2311 Kasich, John R ...... Ohio (12) ...... 1111 Kelly, Sue W ...... New York (19) ...... 1222 Kennedy, Joseph P., II ...... Massachusetts (8) ...... 2242 Kennedy, Patrick J ...... Rhode Island (1) ...... 312 Kennelly, Barbara B ...... Connecticut (1) ...... 201 Kildee, Dale E ...... Michigan (9) ...... 2187 Kilpatrick, Carolyn C ...... Michigan (15) ...... 503 Kim, Jay ...... California (41) ...... 227 Kind, Ron ...... Wisconsin (3) ...... 1713 King, Peter T ...... New York (3) ...... 403 Kingston, Jack ...... Georgia (1) ...... 1507 Kleczka, Gerald D ...... Wisconsin (4) ...... 2301 Klink, Ron ...... Pennsylvania (4) ...... 125 Klug, Scott L ...... Wisconsin (2) ...... 2331 Knollenberg, Joe ...... Michigan (11) ...... 1511 Kolbe, Jim ...... Arizona (5) ...... 205 Kucinich, Dennis J ...... Ohio (10) ...... 1730 LaFalce, John J ...... New York (29) ...... 2310 LaHood, Ray ...... Illinois (18) ...... 329 Lampson, Nick ...... Texas (9) ...... 417 Lantos, Tom ...... California (12) ...... 2217 Largent, Steve ...... Oklahoma (1) ...... 426 Latham, Tom ...... Iowa (5) ...... 516 LaTourette, Steven C ...... Ohio (19) ...... 1239 Lazio, Rick ...... New York (2) ...... 2444 Leach, James A ...... Iowa (1) ...... 2186 Levin, Sander M ...... Michigan (12) ...... 2209 Lewis, Jerry ...... California (40) ...... 2112 Lewis, John ...... Georgia (5) ...... 229 Lewis, Ron ...... Kentucky (2) ...... 223 Linder, John ...... Georgia (11) ...... 1005 Lipinski, William O ...... Illinois (3) ...... 1501 Livingston, Bob ...... Louisiana (1) ...... 2406 LoBiondo, Frank A ...... New Jersey (2) ...... 222 Lofgren, Zoe ...... California (16) ...... 318 Lowey, Nita M ...... New York (18) ...... 2421 Lucas, Frank D ...... Oklahoma (6) ...... 107 Luther, Bill ...... Minnesota (6) ...... 117 McCarthy, Carolyn ...... New York (4) ...... 1725 McCarthy, Karen ...... Missouri (5) ...... 1232 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 39

Representatives—Continued [Republicans in roman (228); Democrats in italic (206); Independents in bold (1); total, 435] Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and Independence Avenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Cap- itol Street and New Jersey Avenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members' offices may be reached by phone at 202±225±3121.

Name State (District) Room

McCollum, Bill ...... Florida (8) ...... 2266 McCrery, Jim ...... Louisiana (4) ...... 2104 McDade, Joseph M ...... Pennsylvania (10) ...... 2107 McDermott, Jim ...... Washington (7) ...... 2349 McGovern, James P ...... Massachusetts (3) ...... 512 McHale, Paul ...... Pennsylvania (15) ...... 217 McHugh, John M ...... New York (24) ...... 2441 McInnis, Scott ...... Colorado (3) ...... 215 McIntosh, David M ...... Indiana (2) ...... 1208 McIntyre, Mike ...... North Carolina (7) ...... 1605 McKeon, Howard P. (Buck) ...... California (25) ...... 307 McKinney, Cynthia A ...... Georgia (4) ...... 124 McNulty, Michael R ...... New York (21) ...... 2161 Maloney, Carolyn B ...... New York (14) ...... 1330 Maloney, James H ...... Connecticut (5) ...... 1213 Manton, Thomas J ...... New York (7) ...... 2235 Manzullo, Donald A ...... Illinois (16) ...... 409 Markey, Edward J ...... Massachusetts (7) ...... 2133 Martinez, Matthew G ...... California (31) ...... 2234 Mascara, Frank ...... Pennsylvania (20) ...... 314 Matsui, Robert T ...... California (5) ...... 2308 Meehan, Martin T ...... Massachusetts (5) ...... 2434 Meek, Carrie P ...... Florida (17) ...... 401 Menendez, Robert ...... New Jersey (13) ...... 405 Metcalf, Jack ...... Washington (2) ...... 1510 Mica, John L ...... Florida (7) ...... 106 Millender-McDonald, Juanita ...... California (37) ...... 419 Miller, Dan ...... Florida (13) ...... 102 Miller, George ...... California (7) ...... 2205 Minge, David ...... Minnesota (2) ...... 1415 Mink, Patsy T ...... Hawaii (2) ...... 2135 Moakley, John Joseph ...... Massachusetts (9) ...... 235 Molinari, Susan 1 ...... New York (13) ...... 2411 Mollohan, Alan B ...... West Virginia (1) ...... 2346 Moran, James P ...... Virginia (8) ...... 1214 Moran, Jerry ...... Kansas (1) ...... 1217 Morella, Constance A ...... Maryland (8) ...... 2228 Murtha, John P ...... Pennsylvania (12) ...... 2423 Myrick, Sue ...... North Carolina (9) ...... 230 Nadler, Jerrold ...... New York (8) ...... 2448 Neal, Richard E ...... Massachusetts (2) ...... 2236 Nethercutt, George R., Jr ...... Washington (5) ...... 1527 Neumann, Mark W ...... Wisconsin (1) ...... 415 Ney, Robert W ...... Ohio (18) ...... 1024 Northup, Anne M ...... Kentucky (3) ...... 1004 Norwood, Charlie ...... Georgia (10) ...... 1707 Nussle, Jim ...... Iowa (2) ...... 303 Oberstar, James L ...... Minnesota (8) ...... 2366 Obey, David R ...... Wisconsin (7) ...... 2462 Olver, John W ...... Massachusetts (1) ...... 1027 Ortiz, Solomon P ...... Texas (27) ...... 2136 Owens, Major R ...... New York (11) ...... 2305 40 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Representatives—Continued [Republicans in roman (228); Democrats in italic (206); Independents in bold (1); total, 435] Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and Independence Avenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Cap- itol Street and New Jersey Avenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members' offices may be reached by phone at 202±225±3121.

Name State (District) Room

Oxley, Michael G ...... Ohio (4) ...... 2233 Packard, Ron ...... California (48) ...... 2372 Pallone, Frank, Jr ...... New Jersey (6) ...... 420 Pappas, Michael ...... New Jersey (12) ...... 1710 Parker, Mike ...... Mississippi (4) ...... 2445 Pascrell, Bill, Jr ...... New Jersey (8) ...... 1722 Pastor, Ed ...... Arizona (2) ...... 2465 Paul, Ron ...... Texas (14) ...... 203 Paxon, Bill ...... New York (27) ...... 2412 Payne, Donald M ...... New Jersey (10) ...... 2244 Pease, Edward A ...... Indiana (7) ...... 226 Pelosi, Nancy ...... California (8) ...... 2457 Peterson, Collin C ...... Minnesota (7) ...... 2159 Peterson, John E ...... Pennsylvania (5) ...... 1020 Petri, Thomas E ...... Wisconsin (6) ...... 2262 Pickering, Charles W. (Chip) ...... Mississippi (3) ...... 427 Pickett, Owen B ...... Virginia (2) ...... 2430 Pitts, Joseph R ...... Pennsylvania (16) ...... 504 Pombo, Richard W ...... California (11) ...... 1519 Pomeroy, Earl ...... North Dakota (At Large) ...... 1533 Porter, John Edward ...... Illinois (10) ...... 2373 Portman, Rob ...... Ohio (2) ...... 238 Poshard, Glenn ...... Illinois (19) ...... 2334 Price, David E ...... North Carolina (4) ...... 2162 Pryce, Deborah ...... Ohio (15) ...... 221 Quinn, Jack ...... New York (30) ...... 331 Radanovich, George P ...... California (19) ...... 213 Rahall, Nick J., II ...... West Virginia (3) ...... 2307 Ramstad, Jim ...... Minnesota (3) ...... 103 Rangel, Charles B ...... New York (15) ...... 2354 Redmond, Bill ...... New Mexico (3) ...... 2268 Regula, Ralph ...... Ohio (16) ...... 2309 Reyes, Silvestre ...... Texas (16) ...... 514 Riggs, Frank ...... California (1) ...... 1714 Riley, Bob ...... Alabama (3) ...... 510 Rivers, Lynn N ...... Michigan (13) ...... 1724 Rodriguez, Ciro D ...... Texas (28) ...... 323 Roemer, Tim ...... Indiana (3) ...... 2348 Rogan, James E ...... California (27) ...... 502 Rogers, Harold ...... Kentucky (5) ...... 2468 Rohrabacher, Dana ...... California (45) ...... 2338 Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana ...... Florida (18) ...... 2240 Rothman, Steven R ...... New Jersey (9) ...... 1607 Roukema, Marge ...... New Jersey (5) ...... 2469 Roybal-Allard, Lucille ...... California (33) ...... 2435 Royce, Edward R ...... California (39) ...... 1133 Rush, Bobby L ...... Illinois (1) ...... 131 Ryun, Jim ...... Kansas (2) ...... 511 Sabo, Martin Olav ...... Minnesota (5) ...... 2336 Salmon, Matt ...... Arizona (1) ...... 115 Sanchez, Loretta ...... California (46) ...... 1529 Sanders, Bernard ...... Vermont (At Large) ...... 2202 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 41

Representatives—Continued [Republicans in roman (228); Democrats in italic (206); Independents in bold (1); total, 435] Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and Independence Avenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Cap- itol Street and New Jersey Avenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members' offices may be reached by phone at 202±225±3121.

Name State (District) Room

Sandlin, Max ...... Texas (1) ...... 214 Sanford, Marshall (Mark) ...... South Carolina (1) ...... 1223 Sawyer, Thomas C ...... Ohio (14) ...... 1414 Saxton, Jim ...... New Jersey (3) ...... 339 Scarborough, Joe ...... Florida (1) ...... 127 Schaefer, Dan ...... Colorado (6) ...... 2160 Schaffer, Bob ...... Colorado (4) ...... 212 Schiff, Steven ...... New Mexico (1) ...... 2404 Schumer, Charles E ...... New York (9) ...... 2211 Scott, Robert C ...... Virginia (3) ...... 2464 Sensenbrenner, F. James, Jr ...... Wisconsin (9) ...... 2332 Serrano, Jose E ...... New York (16) ...... 2342 Sessions, Pete ...... Texas (5) ...... 1318 Shadegg, John B ...... Arizona (4) ...... 430 Shaw, E. Clay, Jr ...... Florida (22) ...... 2408 Shays, Christopher ...... Connecticut (4) ...... 1502 Sherman, Brad ...... California (24) ...... 1524 Shimkus, John ...... Illinois (20) ...... 513 Shuster, Bud ...... Pennsylvania (9) ...... 2188 Sisisky, Norman ...... Virginia (4) ...... 2371 Skaggs, David E ...... Colorado (2) ...... 1124 Skeen, Joe ...... New Mexico (2) ...... 2302 Skelton, Ike ...... Missouri (4) ...... 2227 Slaughter, Louise McIntosh ...... New York (28) ...... 2347 Smith, Adam ...... Washington (9) ...... 1505 Smith, Christopher H ...... New Jersey (4) ...... 2370 Smith, Lamar S ...... Texas (21) ...... 2231 Smith, Linda ...... Washington (3) ...... 1317 Smith, Nick ...... Michigan (7) ...... 306 Smith, Robert F ...... Oregon (2) ...... 1126 Snowbarger, Vince ...... Kansas (3) ...... 509 Snyder, Vic ...... Arkansas (2) ...... 1319 Solomon, Gerald B.H ...... New York (22) ...... 2206 Souder, Mark E ...... Indiana (4) ...... 418 Spence, Floyd ...... South Carolina (2) ...... 2405 Spratt, John M., Jr ...... South Carolina (5) ...... 1536 Stabenow, Debbie ...... Michigan (8) ...... 1516 Stark, Fortney Pete ...... California (13) ...... 239 Stearns, Cliff ...... Florida (6) ...... 2352 Stenholm, Charles W ...... Texas (17) ...... 1211 Stokes, Louis ...... Ohio (11) ...... 2365 Strickland, Ted ...... Ohio (6) ...... 336 Stump, Bob ...... Arizona (3) ...... 211 Stupak, Bart ...... Michigan (1) ...... 1410 Sununu, John E ...... New Hampshire (1) ...... 1229 Talent, James M ...... Missouri (2) ...... 1022 Tanner, John S ...... Tennessee (8) ...... 1127 Tauscher, Ellen O ...... California (10) ...... 1440 Tauzin, W.J. (Billy) ...... Louisiana (3) ...... 2183 Taylor, Charles H ...... North Carolina (11) ...... 231 Taylor, Gene ...... Mississippi (5) ...... 2447 Thomas, William M ...... California (21) ...... 2208 42 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Representatives—Continued [Republicans in roman (228); Democrats in italic (206); Independents in bold (1); total, 435] Room numbers with three digits are in the Cannon House Office Building (New Jersey and Independence Avenues), four digits beginning with 1 are in the Longworth House Office Building (between South Cap- itol Street and New Jersey Avenue on Independence Avenue), and four digits beginning with 2 are in the Rayburn House Office Building (between First and South Capitol Streets on Independence Avenue). Members' offices may be reached by phone at 202±225±3121.

Name State (District) Room

Thompson, Bennie G ...... Mississippi (2) ...... 1408 Thornberry, William M. (Mac) ...... Texas (13) ...... 412 Thune, John R ...... South Dakota (At Large) ...... 506 Thurman, Karen L ...... Florida (5) ...... 440 Tiahrt, Todd ...... Kansas (4) ...... 428 Tierney, John F ...... Massachusetts (6) ...... 120 Torres, Esteban Edward ...... California (34) ...... 2269 Towns, Edolphus ...... New York (10) ...... 2232 Traficant, James A., Jr ...... Ohio (17) ...... 2446 Turner, Jim ...... Texas (2) ...... 1508 Upton, Fred ...... Michigan (6) ...... 2333 VelaÂzquez, Nydia M ...... New York (12) ...... 1221 Vento, Bruce F ...... Minnesota (4) ...... 2304 Visclosky, Peter J ...... Indiana (1) ...... 2313 Walsh, James T ...... New York (25) ...... 2351 Wamp, Zach ...... Tennessee (3) ...... 423 Waters, Maxine ...... California (35) ...... 2344 Watkins, Wes ...... Oklahoma (3) ...... 2312 Watt, Melvin L ...... North Carolina (12) ...... 1230 Watts, J.C., Jr ...... Oklahoma (4) ...... 1210 Waxman, Henry A ...... California (29) ...... 2204 Weldon, Curt ...... Pennsylvania (7) ...... 2452 Weldon, Dave ...... Florida (15) ...... 216 Weller, Jerry ...... Illinois (11) ...... 130 Wexler, Robert ...... Florida (19) ...... 1609 Weygand, Robert A ...... Rhode Island (2) ...... 507 White, Rick ...... Washington (1) ...... 116 Whitfield, Ed ...... Kentucky (1) ...... 236 Wicker, Roger F ...... Mississippi (1) ...... 206 Wise, Robert E., Jr ...... West Virginia (2) ...... 2367 Wolf, Frank R ...... Virginia (10) ...... 241 Woolsey, Lynn C ...... California (6) ...... 439 Wynn, Albert Russell ...... Maryland (4) ...... 407 Yates, Sidney R ...... Illinois (9) ...... 2109 Young, C.W. Bill ...... Florida (10) ...... 2407 Young, Don ...... Alaska (At Large) ...... 2111 Delegates Christian-Green, Donna M ...... Virgin Islands ...... 1711 Faleomavaega, Eni F.H ...... American Samoa ...... 2422 Norton, Eleanor Holmes ...... District of Columbia ...... 1424 Underwood, Robert A ...... Guam ...... 424 Resident Commissioner Romero-BarceloÂ, Carlos A ...... Puerto Rico ...... 2443

1 Representative Susan Molinari of New York resigned effective August 1, 1997. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 43

For further information concerning the United States Senate, contact the Secretary of the Senate, The Capitol, Washington, DC 20510. Phone, 202–224–2115. For further information concerning the House of Representatives, contact the Clerk, The Capitol, Washington, DC 20515. Phone, 202–225–7000. Telephone directories for the United States Senate and the House of Representatives are available for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

ARCHITECT OF THE CAPITOL U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, DC 20515 Phone, 202–228–1793

Architect of the Capitol ALAN M. HANTMAN

The Architect of the Capitol is responsible for the care and maintenance of the U.S. Capitol and nearby buildings and grounds while implementing reconstruction and landscape improvement projects according to the original intent of the Capitol’s designers.

The Architect of the Capitol is charged Power Plant, his activities are subject to with operating and maintaining the the approval and direction of the House buildings of the Capitol committed to his Office Building Commission. The care by Congress. Permanent authority Architect is under the direction of the for these functions was established by Speaker in matters concerning the House the act of August 15, 1876 (40 U.S.C. side of the Capitol. Also, the Architect of 162, 163). The Architect’s duties include the Capitol serves as the Acting Director the mechanical and structural of the U.S. Botanic Garden under the maintenance of the Capitol, the Joint Committee on the Library. conservation and care of works of art in Until 1989, the position of Architect of the building, the upkeep and the Capitol was filled by Presidential improvement of the Capitol grounds, and appointment for an indefinite term. the arrangement of inaugural and other Legislation enacted in 1989 provided ceremonies held in the building or on that the Architect be appointed by the the grounds. Legislation is enacted from President for a 10-year term, with the time to time providing for additional advice and consent of the Senate, from buildings and grounds to be placed a list of 3 candidates recommended by a under the jurisdiction of the Architect of congressional commission. Upon the Capitol. confirmation by the Senate, the Architect In addition to the Capitol, the becomes an official of the legislative Architect is responsible for the upkeep of branch as an officer and agent of all of the congressional office buildings, Congress and is eligible for the Library of Congress buildings, the reappointment after completion of his U.S. Supreme Court building, the term. Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary The Architect, whose original duties Building, the Capitol Power Plant, the were limited to designing and Capitol Police headquarters, and the supervising the construction of the Robert A. Taft Memorial. The Architect Capitol, has assumed additional performs his duties in connection with responsibilities for activities that have the Senate side of the Capitol, the Senate been assigned to the office by Congress. office buildings, and the operation of the Today, in light of the widespread Senate restaurants subject to the activities under the jurisdiction of the approval of the Senate Committee on Architect of the Capitol, the Rules and Administration. In matters of administrative function challenges the general policy in connection with the architectural and engineering functions House office buildings and the Capitol of the office. 44 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Projects carried out by the Architect of conservation/renovation projects include the Capitol in recent years include the Brumidi corridors in the Capitol and renovation and restoration of the Statue a substantial barrier-removal program of Freedom, the Terrace, Courtyards, throughout the Capitol complex. Rotunda, and other areas in the Capitol, The Architect of the Capitol also and the Library of Congress; serves as a member of numerous procurement and installation of governing or advisory bodies, including: television and broadcasting facilities for Capitol Police Board, Capitol Guide the House and Senate chambers and Board, House of Representatives Page hearing rooms; improvements to building Board, District of Columbia Zoning utility, energy-management, and security Commission, Advisory Council on systems; installation of a Senate subway Historic Preservation, National Capital system; development and Memorial Commission, Art Advisory implementation of the Legislative Branch Committee to the Washington Telecommunications Network; plans for Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, and the complete renovation of the U.S. the National Institute for Conservation of Botanic Garden Conservatory; the design Cultural Property. The Architect is an ex of a National Garden adjacent to the officio member of the U.S. Capitol Conservatory; and plans for a new Preservation Commission and the Capitol Visitor Center. The Architect also Commission on the Bicentennial of the oversaw the design and construction of U.S. Capitol. In addition, he serves as the Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary the Coordinator of Civil Defense for the Building for the U.S. courts. Ongoing Capitol complex.

For further information, contact the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, DC 20515. Phone, 202–228–1793.

UNITED STATES BOTANIC GARDEN Office of Executive Director, 245 First Street SW., Washington, DC 20024 Phone, 202–225–8333 Conservatory, Maryland Avenue, First to Second Streets SW., Washington, DC 20024 Phone, 202–225–6647 Production Facility, 4700 Shepherd Parkway SW., Washington, DC 20032 Phone, 202–563–2220

Director (Architect of the Capitol) ALAN M. HANTMAN Executive Director JEFFREY P. COOPER-SMITH

The United States Botanic Garden is an institution of public education dedicated to demonstrating the aesthetic, cultural, economic, therapeutic, and ecological importance of plants to the well-being of humankind.

The U.S. Botanic Garden carries out its beautification of the Capitol complex. mission by presenting artistic displays of Uniquely situated at the heart of the U.S. plants, exhibits, and a program of Government, the Botanic Garden seeks educational activities; promoting to promote the exchange of ideas and botanical knowledge through the information relevant to this mission cultivation of an ordered collection of among national and international visitors plants; fostering plant conservation by and policymakers. acting as a repository for endangered The Conservatory, one of the largest species; and growing plants for the structures of its kind in this country, LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 45 features both indoor exhibits and two The Botanic Garden remained outdoor courtyard gardens. Collections abandoned until 1842, when it became in this facility attract many visitors necessary for the Government to provide annually, including botanists, accommodations for the botanical horticulturists, ecologists, students, and collections brought to Washington, DC, garden club members. The permanent from the South Seas by the U.S. collections include orchids, epiphytes, Exploring Expedition of 1838–42, under bromeliads, carnivorous plants, ferns, the leadership of Capt. Charles Wilkes. cycads, cacti, succulents, medicinal The collections were placed temporarily plants, rare and endangered plants, and on exhibition at the Patent Office upon plants valued as sources of food, return of the expedition in June 1842. beverages, fibers, and other industrial The first greenhouse for this purpose was products. Specialty exhibits range from constructed in 1842 on a lot behind the artwork inspired by plants to seasonal Patent Office Building under the flower shows highlighting the beauty of direction and control of the Joint chrysanthemums, poinsettias, spring Committee of Congress on the Library, flowers, and attractive summer terrace from funds appropriated by Congress. arrangements. The act of May 15, 1850 (9 Stat. 427), Outdoor plantings are showcased in provided for the relocation of the Bartholdi Park. Also located in this park Botanic Garden under the direction of is Bartholdi Fountain, created by the Joint Committee on the Library. The Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi (1834–1904), site selected was on The Mall at the west sculptor of the Statue of Liberty. To the end of the Capitol Grounds, practically west of the Conservatory, a rose garden the same site the Garden occupied marks the border of a 3-acre tract that is during the period it functioned under the the future site of the National Garden. Columbia Institute. This site was later The Botanic Garden offers educational enlarged, and the main area continued facilities by making available for study to to serve as the principal Botanic Garden students, botanists, and floriculturists site from 1850 to 1933, when the many rare and interesting botanical Garden was relocated to its present site. specimens. Every year botanical specimens are received from all over the Although the Botanic Garden began world with requests for identification, functioning as a Government-owned and one of the services rendered by the institution in 1842, the records indicate Garden to the public is the identification that it was not until 1856 that the of such specimens and the furnishing of maintenance of the Garden was information relating to the proper specifically placed under the direction of methods of growing them. the Joint Committee on the Library and The U.S. Botanic Garden was founded a regular, annual appropriation was in 1820 under the auspices of the provided by Congress (11 Stat. 104). Columbian Institute for the Promotion of At the present time the Joint Arts and Sciences, an organization that Committee exercises its supervision was the outgrowth of an association through the Architect of the Capitol, who known as the Metropolitan Society and has been serving as Acting Director that received its charter from Congress since 1934. on April 20, 1818. The Garden The Botanic Garden is open to the continued under the direction of this public from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily. Institute until 1837, when the Institute Hours may be extended during special ceased to exist as an active organization. shows or exhibits.

For further information concerning the United States Botanic Garden, contact the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, DC 20515. Phone, 202–228–1793. 46 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE 441 G Street NW., Washington, DC 20548 Phone, 202–512–3000

Comptroller General of the United States JAMES F. HINCHMAN, Acting Deputy Comptroller General of the United (VACANCY) States Principal Assistant Comptroller General JAMES F. HINCHMAN Assistant Comptroller General for Planning J. DEXTER PEACH and Reporting Assistant Comptroller General for Operations JOAN M. DODARO Assistant Comptroller General for Policy BRIAN P. CROWLEY Assistant Comptroller General RICHARD L. FOGEL Assistant Comptroller General, General JOHNNY C. FINCH Government Division Assistant Comptroller General, Health, RICHARD L. HEMBRA Education, and Human Services Division Assistant Comptroller General, Office of JOHN HARMAN Information Management and Communications Assistant Comptroller General, National HENRY L. HINTON, JR. Security and International Affairs Division Assistant Comptroller General, Resources, KEITH O. FULTZ Community, and Economic Development Division Assistant Comptroller General, Accounting GENE L. DODARO and Information Management Division General Counsel ROBERT P. MURPHY Chief Accountant PHILIP CALDER, Acting Support Functions: Chief Economist JAMES L. BOTHWELL Director, Affirmative Action/Civil Rights NILDA I. APONTE Office Director, Office of Congressional Relations HELEN H. HSING Director, Office of Counseling and Career HOWARD N. JOHNSON Development Inspector General FRANCES GARCIA Director, Office of International Audit LINDA L. WEEKS, Acting Organization Liaison Director, Personnel PATRICIA M. RODGERS Director, Office of Program Planning PAUL L. JONES Director, Office of Public Affairs CLEVE E. CORLETT Director, Office of Recruitment STEPHEN J. KENEALY Director, Office of Special Investigations DONALD J. WHEELER, Acting Director, Training Institute ANNE K. KLEIN Chair, Personnel Appeals Board LEROY D. CLARK

The General Accounting Office is the investigative arm of the Congress and is charged with examining all matters relating to the receipt and disbursement of public funds. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 47 SEATTLE ASSISTANT GENERAL— INFORMATION MANAGEMENT COMPTROLLER ACCOUNTING AND SAN FRANCISCO ECONOMIC ASSISTANT GENERAL— RESOURCES, DEVELOPMENT COMPTROLLER GENERAL INSPECTOR COMMUNITY, AND NORFOLK AFFAIRS NATIONAL ASSISTANT GENERAL— SECURITY AND COMPTROLLER INTERNATIONAL LOS ANGELES GENERAL INSPECTOR HUMAN HEALTH, SERVICES ASSISTANT GENERAL— COMPTROLLER EDUCATION, AND KANSAS CITY ¥ HUMAN RESOURCES ¥ MISSION SUPPORT ¥ SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS ¥ INTERNATIONAL AUDIT ORGANIZATION LIAISON GENERAL GENERAL INSPECTOR ASSISTANT GENERAL— GOVERNMENT GENERAL COMPTROLLER INSPECTOR GENERAL—OPERATIONS ASSISTANT COMPTROLLER DENVER PRINCIPAL ASSISTANT COMPTROLLER GENERAL COMPTROLLER GENERAL COUNSEL GENERAL AND REPORTING GENERAL—PLANNING DALLAS ASSISTANT COMPTROLLER

¥ CHIEF ECONOMIST ¥ PROGRAM PLANNING ¥ PUBLIC AFFAIRS • CONGRESSIONAL ÊÊÊÊ ÊRELATIONS GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE AND ASSISTANT GENERAL— INFORMATION MANAGEMENT COMPTROLLER COMMUNICATIONS CHICAGO POLICY ASSISTANT GENERAL— COMPTROLLER BOSTON GENERAL ASSISTANT COMPTROLLER ATLANTA 48 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The General Accounting Office (GAO) Staff members go wherever necessary on was established by the Budget and assignments, working onsite to gather Accounting Act of 1921 (31 U.S.C. 702), data, test transactions, and observe to independently audit Government firsthand how Government programs and agencies. Over the years, the Congress activities are carried out. has expanded GAO’s audit authority, Accounting and Information added new responsibilities and duties, Management Policy The Office ensures and strengthened GAO’s ability to that the Congress has available for its perform independently. use current, accurate, and complete The Office is under the control and financial management data. To do this, direction of the Comptroller General of GAO: the United States, who is appointed by —prescribes accounting principles and the President with the advice and standards for the executive branch; consent of the Senate for a term of 15 —advises other Federal agencies on years. fiscal and related policies and procedures; and Activities —prescribes standards for auditing and evaluating Government programs. Audits and Evaluations Supporting the In addition, the Comptroller General, Congress is GAO’s fundamental the Secretary of the Treasury, and the responsibility. In meeting this objective, Director of the Office of Management GAO performs a variety of services, the and Budget develop standardized most prominent of which are audits and information and data processing systems. evaluations of Government programs This includes standard terminology, and activities. The majority of these definitions, classifications, and codes for reviews are made in response to specific fiscal, budgetary, and program-related congressional requests. The Office is data and information. required to perform work requested by Legal Services The Office provides committee chairpersons and, as a matter various legal services to the Congress. In of policy, assigns equal status to requests response to inquiries from committees from Ranking Minority Members. The and Members, the Comptroller General Office also responds to individual provides advice on legal issues involving Member requests, as possible. Other Government programs and activities. The assignments are initiated pursuant to Office is also available to assist in standing commitments to congressional drafting legislation and reviewing committees, and some reviews are legislative proposals before the Congress. specifically required by law. Finally, In addition, it reviews and reports to the some assignments are independently Congress on proposed rescissions and undertaken in accordance with GAO’s deferrals of Government funds. basic legislative responsibilities. Other legal services include resolving The ability to review practically any bid protests that challenge Government Government function requires a contract awards and assisting multidisciplined staff able to conduct Government agencies in interpreting the assignments wherever needed. The laws governing the expenditure of public Office’s staff has expertise in a variety of funds. disciplines, including accounting, law, In addition, GAO’s staff of trained public and business administration, investigators conducts special economics, the social and physical investigations and assists auditors and sciences, and others. evaluators when they encounter possible The Office is organized so that staff criminal and civil misconduct. When members concentrate on specific subject warranted, GAO refers the results of its areas, enabling them to develop a investigations to the Department of detailed level of knowledge. When an Justice and other law enforcement assignment requires specialized authorities. experience not available within GAO, Reporting The Office offers a range of outside experts assist the permanent staff. products to communicate the results of LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 49 its work. The type of product depends Copies of unclassified reports are on the assignment’s objectives and the available from the U.S. General needs of the intended user. Product Accounting Office, P.O. Box 6015, types include testimony, oral briefings, Gaithersburg, MD 20884–6015. Phone, and written reports. Virtually all of 202–512–6000. The first copy of each GAO’s reports are available to the report is free; additional copies are $2 public. A list of GAO reports issued or each. There is a 25-percent discount on released during the previous month is orders of 100 or more copies mailed to furnished monthly to the Congress, its a single address. Orders must be prepaid Members, and committees. Copies of by cash, check, or money order payable GAO reports are also furnished to to the Superintendent of Documents. interested congressional parties; Federal, Electronic Access Reports, Comptroller State, local, and foreign governments; General decisions, and GAO special members of the press; college faculty, publications may be obtained on the students, and libraries; and nonprofit Internet at http://www.gao.gov/. organizations.

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, General Accounting Office, 441 G Street NW., Washington, DC 20548. Phone, 202–512–4800.

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 732 North Capitol Street NW., Washington, DC 20401 Phone, 202–512–0000

Public Printer MICHAEL F. DIMARIO Deputy Public Printer (VACANCY) Director, Equal Employment Opportunity CLAUDETTE BOULDIN Director, Labor and Employee Relations NEAL FINE Director, Materials Management THOMAS L. HUGHES Manager, Printing Procurement MEREDITH L. ARNESON Department Manager, Quality Control and Technical GEORGE J. COLLINS Department Administrative Law Judge STUART M. FOSS General Counsel ANTHONY J. ZAGAMI Inspector General THOMAS J. MULDOON, Acting Director, Office of Budget WILLIAM M. GUY Director, Office of Congressional, FRANCIS W. BIDEN Legislative, and Public Affairs Director, Policy Coordination Staff VINCENT F. ARENDES Director, Office of Administration (VACANCY) Comptroller ROBERT B. HOLSTEIN Director, Engineering Service JOSEPH A. PALANK Director, Information Resources PATRICIA R. GARDNER Management Director, Occupational Health and WILLIAM T. HARRIS Environmental Services Director, Office of Administrative Support RAYMOND J. GARVEY Director, Office of Planning THOMAS J. MULDOON Director, Office of Personnel EDWARD J. BLATT Director, Customer Services (VACANCY) 50 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Institute for Federal Printing and LOIS SCHUTTE Publishing Superintendent, Congressional Printing CHARLES C. COOK, SR. Management Division Superintendent, Departmental Account ROBERT G. COX Representative Division Superintendent, Typography and Design JOHN W. SAPP Division Director, Production Services (VACANCY) Manager, Production Department DONALD L. LADD Superintendent of Documents WAYNE P. KELLEY Director, Documents Sales Service JAMES D. YOUNG Director, Library Programs Service JAMES D. YOUNG, Acting Director, Electronic Information (VACANCY) Dissemination Services Chief, Technical Support Group MITCHELL E. PHELAN

The Government Printing Office produces, procures, and disseminates printed and electronic publications of the Congress as well as the executive departments and establishments of the Federal Government.

The Government Printing Office (GPO) photography, stripping, platemaking, and began operations in accordance with press; and manual and machine Congressional Joint Resolution 25 of bookbinding. Electronic databases June 23, 1860. The activities of GPO are prepared for printing are premastered for outlined and defined in the public CD–ROM replication and are used to printing and documents chapters of Title provide online access. 44 of the U.S. Code. The Office sells through mail orders The congressional Joint Committee on and Government bookstores Printing serves in an oversight capacity approximately 20,000 different printed for the Government Printing Office. The and electronic publications that originate Public Printer, who serves as the head of in various Government agencies, and the agency, is appointed by the President administers the depository library with the advice and consent of the program through which selected Senate. Government publications are made available in libraries throughout the Activities country. The Office also provides online access to key publications of the Federal The Government Printing Office Government, including the produces and procures printed and Congressional Record and the Federal electronic publications for Congress and Register. the departments and establishments of the Federal Government. It furnishes Sources of Information blank paper, inks, and similar supplies to all governmental activities on order. It Congressional, Legislative, and Public prepares catalogs and distributes and Affairs General inquiries about GPO sells Government publications in printed should be directed to the Office of and electronic formats. Congressional, Legislative, and Public The Office invites bids from Affairs. Phone, 202–512–1991. E-mail, commercial suppliers on a wide variety [email protected]. of printing and reproduction services, Contracts Commercial printers awards and administers contracts, and interested in Government printing maintains liaison between ordering contract opportunities should direct agencies and contractors. inquiries to the Manager, Printing Printing and binding processes used Procurement Department, Government are electronic photocomposition; offset Printing Office, Washington, DC 20401 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 51 POLICY OFFICE OF ELECTRONIC INFORMATION INFORMATION DISSEMINATION DISSEMINATION GROUP SUPPORT TECHNICAL SALES LIBRARY SERVICE SERVICE PROGRAMS SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS DOCUMENTS STAFF POLICY COORDINATION OFFICE OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONGRESSIONAL, LEGISLATIVE, AND PRODUCTION SERVICES BUDGET OFFICE OF PRINTING SERVICE EMPLOYEE RELATIONS LABOR AND DEPARTMENT PROCUREMENT PRINTER QUALITY TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT CONTROL AND DEPUTY PUBLIC PUBLIC PRINTER EQUAL SERVICE SERVICE MATERIALS EMPLOYMENT GENERAL OPPORTUNITY MANAGEMENT INSPECTOR U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OFFICE OF RESOURCES COMPTROLLER PERSONNEL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT GENERAL COUNSEL PLANNING OFFICE OF SUPPORT OFFICE OF SERVICES SERVICE HEALTH AND OCCUPATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LAW JUDGE ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION ACCOUNT DIVISION AND DESIGN DEPARTMENTAL TYPOGRAPHY REPRESENTATIVE CUSTOMER SERVICES OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION DIVISION PRINTING FEDERAL PUBLISHING MANAGEMENT PRINTING AND INSTITUTE FOR CONGRESSIONAL 52 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

(phone, 202–512–0327), or contact the publications available for sale through GPO Regional Printing Procurement the Superintendent of Documents. It is Office in the following cities: Atlanta, available for purchase from the GA; Benicia, CA; Boston, MA; Superintendent of Documents. Charleston, SC; Chicago, IL; Columbus, The Monthly Catalog of U.S. OH; Dallas, TX; Denver, CO; Lakewood, Government Publications is the most CA; New Orleans, LA; New York, NY; comprehensive listing of Government Newport News, VA; Oklahoma City, publications issued by Federal OK; Pittsburgh, PA; St. Louis, MO; San departments and agencies. It is available Antonio, TX; San Diego, CA; Seattle, for purchase from the Superintendent of WA; or Southampton, PA. Documents. Suppliers of paper and related There also are two free catalogs of products; printing and binding new or popular publications available: equipment, related parts, and supplies; U.S. Government Books, which lists purchasers of scrap or surplus printing hundreds of best selling titles, and New and binding equipment, waste, and Books, a bimonthly list of all salvage materials; and freight carriers Government publications placed on sale should contact the Director of Materials in the preceding 2 months. These Management, Government Printing publications can be obtained by calling Office, Washington, DC 20401. Phone, the Superintendent of Documents at 202–512–0935. The booklet How To Do Business with 202–512–1800. the Government Printing Office, A Guide Remittance for all publications ordered for Contractors is available upon request from the Superintendent of Documents from any GPO Regional Printing must be received in advance of shipment Procurement Office. by check or money order payable to the Employment Office of Personnel Superintendent of Documents. Orders Management registers are used in filling also may be charged to MasterCard or administrative, technical, crafts, and VISA accounts or a GPO deposit clerical positions. Inquiries should be account. directed to the Chief, Employment Depository Libraries The Office Branch, Government Printing Office, distributes printed and electronic Washington, DC 20401. Phone, 202– publications to approximately 1,400 512–1198. depository libraries nationwide where Publications Orders and inquiries they may be used free of charge to the concerning publications and public. A list of depository libraries is subscriptions for sale by the Government available from the Superintendent of Printing Office should be directed to the Documents. Phone, 202–512–1119. Superintendent of Documents, Electronic Access The Office’s GPO Government Printing Office, Access service provides online access to Washington, DC 20402. Phone, 202– key Government publications through 512–1800. the Internet. For information about this To keep abreast of Government service, contact the GPO Access support publications, the public is offered listings team at 202–512–1530, or E-mail at of varying scope. [email protected]. The GPO Sales Publications Reference Bookstores Popular Government File (PRF) provides author, title, and publications may be purchased at the subject access to Government GPO bookstores listed below. BookstoresÐGovernment Printing Office

City Address Telephone

Washington, DC, area: Main Bookstore ...... 710 N. Capitol St. NW...... 202±512±0132 McPherson Square ...... 1510 H St. NW...... 202±653±5075 Retail Sales Outlet ...... 8660 Cherry Ln., Laurel, MD ...... 301±953±7974 Atlanta, GA ...... Suite 120, 999 Peachtree St. NE...... 404±347±1900 Birmingham, AL ...... 2021 3d Ave. N...... 205±731±1056 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 53

BookstoresÐGovernment Printing Office—Continued

City Address Telephone

Boston, MA ...... Rm. 169, 10 Causeway St...... 617±720±4180 Chicago, IL ...... Rm. 124, 401 S. State St...... 312±353±5133 Cleveland, OH ...... Rm. 1653, 1240 E. 9th St...... 216±522±4922 Columbus, OH ...... Rm. 207, 200 N. High St...... 614±469±6956 Dallas, TX ...... Rm. 1C50, 1100 Commerce St...... 214±767±0076 Denver, CO ...... Rm. 117, 1961 Stout St...... 303±844±3964 Detroit, MI ...... Suite 160, 477 Michigan Ave...... 313±226±7816 Houston, TX ...... 801 Travis St...... 713±228±1187 Jacksonville, FL ...... Rm. 100, 100 W. Bay St...... 904±353±0569 Kansas City, MO ...... 120 Bannister Mall, 5600 E. Bannister Rd...... 816±767±8225 Los Angeles, CA ...... C±Level, 505 S. Flower St...... 213±239±9844 Milwaukee, WI ...... Rm. 150, 310 W. Wisconsin Ave...... 414±297±1304 New York, NY ...... Rm. 110, 26 Federal Plz...... 212±264±3825 Philadelphia, PA ...... 100 N. 17th St...... 215±636±1900 Pittsburgh, PA ...... Rm. 118, 1000 Liberty Ave...... 412±644±2721 Portland, OR ...... 1305 SW. 1st St...... 503±221±6217 Pueblo, CO ...... 201 W. 8th St...... 719±544±3142 San Francisco, CA ...... Rm. 141±S, 303 2d St...... 415±512±2770 Seattle, WA ...... Rm. 194, 915 2d Ave...... 206±553±4270

For further information, contact the Office of Congressional, Legislative, and Public Affairs, Government Printing Office, 732 North Capitol Street NW., Washington, DC 20401. Phone, 202–512–1991. E-mail, [email protected].

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 101 Independence Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20540 Phone, 202–707–5000

Librarian of Congress JAMES H. BILLINGTON Deputy Librarian of Congress DONALD L. SCOTT Chief of Staff JOANN JENKINS Associate Librarian for Library Services WINSTON TABB Associate Librarian for Human Resources LLOYD A. PAULS Services Director, Congressional Research Service DANIEL MULHOLLAN Register of Copyrights and Associate Librarian MARYBETH PETERS for Copyright Services Law Librarian RUBENS MEDINA General Counsel LANA KAY JONES, Acting Inspector General JOHN W. RENSBARGER Chief, Loan Division L. CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT Library of Congress Trust Fund Board Chairman (Librarian of Congress) JAMES H. BILLINGTON (Secretary of the Treasury) ROBERT E. RUBIN (U.S. Representative from California and WILLIAM M. THOMAS Chairman, Joint Committee on the Library) Appointive Members EDWIN L. COX, PATRICIA DUFF,J ULIE FINLEY, THOMAS S. FOLEY,A DELE HALL, JOHN KLUGE, PETER LYNCH, ARTHUR ORTENBERG, CECILLE PULITZER, LAURENCE TISCH 54 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The Library of Congress is the national library of the United States, offering diverse materials for research including the world’s most extensive collections in many areas such as American history, music, and law.

The Library of Congress was established personal papers of most of the Presidents by act of April 24, 1800 (2 Stat. 56), from George Washington through Calvin appropriating $5,000 ‘‘for the purchase Coolidge. The music collections contain of such books as may be necessary for volumes and pieces—manuscript and the use of Congress ... .’’ The published—from classic works to the Library’s scope of responsibility has been newest popular compositions. Other widened by subsequent legislation (2 materials available for research include U.S.C. 131–168d). The Librarian, maps and views; photographic records appointed by the President with the from the daguerreotype to the latest advice and consent of the Senate, directs news photo; recordings, including the Library. folksongs and other music, speeches, Supported mainly by the and poetry readings; prints, drawings, appropriations of Congress, the Library and posters; government documents, also uses income from funds received newspapers, and periodicals from all from foundations and other private over the world; and motion pictures, sources and administered by the Library microforms, and audio and video tapes. of Congress Trust Fund Board, as well as Reference Resources Admission to the monetary gifts presented for direct various research facilities of the Library application (2 U.S.C. 154–163). is free. No introduction or credentials Under the organic law, the Library’s are required for persons over high school first responsibility is service to Congress. age. Readers must submit appropriate As the Library has developed, its range photo identification with a current of service has come to include the entire address and, for certain collections, like governmental establishment and the those of the Manuscript, Rare Book and public at large, making it a national Special Collections, and Motion Picture, library for the United States. Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Divisions, there are additional Activities requirements. As demands for service to Collections The Library’s extensive Congress and Federal Government collections are universal in scope. They agencies increase, reference service include books, serials, and pamphlets on available through correspondence has every subject and in a multitude of become limited. The Library must languages, and research materials in decline some requests and refer many formats, including maps, correspondents to a library within their photographs, manuscripts, motion area that can provide satisfactory pictures, and sound recordings. Among assistance. While priority is given to them are the most comprehensive inquiries pertaining to its holdings of collections of Chinese, Japanese, and special materials or to subjects in which Russian language books outside Asia and its resources are unique, the Library does the former Soviet Union; volumes attempt to provide helpful responses to relating to science and legal materials all inquirers. outstanding for American and foreign Copyrights Since 1870 the Library has law; the world’s largest collection of been responsible for copyrights, which published aeronautical literature; and the are registered by the Copyright Office most extensive collection in the Western (acts of July 8, 1870 (16 Stat. 212–217), Hemisphere of books printed before February 19, 1897 (29 Stat. 545), March 1501 A.D. 4, 1909, as amended and codified (35 The manuscript collections relate to Stat. 1075), and October 19, 1976, as manifold aspects of American history amended and codified (90 Stat. 2541)). and civilization, and include the All copyrightable works, whether LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 55 LIBRARY SERVICES INFRASTRUCTURE LAW FINANCIAL SERVICES HUMAN RESOURCES SERVICES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SERVICES INTEGRATED SUPPORT SERVICES NATIONAL DIGITAL LIBRARY LIBRARY DEPUTY LIBRARIAN LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS OFFICE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS COPYRIGHT OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIANCHIEF OF STAFF OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIANCHIEF COMMUNICATIONS OFFICECONGRESSIONAL RELATIONS OFFICEDEVELOPMENT OFFICEDIVERSITY OFFICEOFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSELOFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL* OF THE GENERAL COUNSELOFFICE OFFICEOFFICE OFFICEDIVERSITY RELATIONS OFFICEDEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATIONS OFFICECONGRESSIONAL SERVICE RESEARCH CONGRESSIONAL *The Inspector General reports independently to the Librarian. 56 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL published or unpublished, are subject to assigned and serves, with this file, as the a system of statutory protection that United States Register; and gives the copyright owner certain —the development of general schemes exclusive rights, including the right to of classification (Library of Congress and reproduce the copyrighted work and Dewey Decimal), subject headings, and distribute it to the public by sale, rental, cataloging, embracing the entire field of lease, or lending. Works of authorship printed matter. include books, periodicals, and other Furthermore, the Library provides for: literary works, including computer —the preparation of bibliographical programs, musical compositions, song lists responsive to the needs of lyrics, dramas and dramatic-musical Government and research; compositions, pictorial, graphic, and —the maintenance and the sculptural works, architectural works, publication of cooperative publications; pantomimes and choreographic works, —the publication of catalogs, motion pictures and other audiovisual bibliographical guides, and lists, and of works, and sound recordings. texts of original manuscripts and rare Extension of Service The Library books in the Library of Congress; extends its service through: —the circulation in traveling —an interlibrary loan system; exhibitions of items from the Library’s —the photoduplication, at reasonable collections; cost, of books, manuscripts, maps, —the provision of books in braille and newspapers, and prints in its collections; ‘‘talking book’’ records, as well as books —the sale of sound recordings, which on tape, for the blind and the physically are released by its Recording Laboratory; handicapped through 143 cooperating —the exchange of duplicates with libraries throughout the United States; other institutions; —the distribution of its electronic —the sale of CD–ROM cataloging materials via the Internet, including more tools and magnetic tapes and the publication in book format or microform than 40 million bibliographic records, of cumulative catalogs, which make summaries of congressional bills, available the results of the expert copyright registrations, bibliographies bibliographical and cataloging work of and research guides, summaries of its technical personnel; foreign laws, an index of Southeast Asian —a centralized cataloging program POW/MIA documents, and selections whereby the Library of Congress from the Library’s unique historical acquires material published all over the collections—the Library’s major world, catalogs it promptly, and contribution to the National Digital distributes cataloging information in Library—via LC WEB (http:// machine-readable form as well as by www.loc.gov/); online public legislative printed cards and other means to the information through Thomas (http:// Nation’s libraries; thomas.loc.gov/); major exhibits; the —a cooperative cataloging program Library’s catalog; the Library’s digitized whereby the cataloging of data, by name collection of unique American materials; authority and bibliographic records, pointers to external Internet resources prepared by other libraries becomes part including extensive international, of the Library of Congress data base and national, State, and local government is distributed through the MARC information; and an international Distribution Service; electronic library of resources; and —a cataloging-in-publication program —the provision of research and in cooperation with American publishers analytical services on a fee-for-service for printing cataloging information in basis to agencies in the executive and current books; judicial branches. —the National Serials Data Program, a Congressional Research Service The national center that maintains a record Congressional Research Service (CRS) of serial titles to which International serves the Congress. The Service Standard Serial Numbers have been provides objective, nonpartisan research, LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 57 analysis, and informational support to matters, including digests of all public assist Congress in its legislative, bills and briefing papers on major oversight, and representative functions. legislative issues. The Service The Service evolved from the administrative offices include Special Legislative Reference Service, whose Programs, Operations, Policy, Research statutory authority dates back to the Coordination, and the Director’s office. Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, In addition to responding to individual as amended (2 U.S.C. 72a note), and the requests for information and analysis, Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970, CRS anticipates congressional needs for as amended (2 U.S.C. 166), authorizing research and develops and presents increased emphasis on indepth research seminars that provide a forum for and analysis. Its mandate has grown over discussion among Members of Congress the years in response to the increasing and their staffs, CRS specialists, and scope of public policy issues on the nationally recognized experts on congressional agenda. The Service’s staff important legislative issues. Audio and anticipates and responds to visual materials on a variety of topics of congressional information and policy congressional interest are also produced analysis needs in an interdisciplinary and aired on the congressional cable manner. For the last several years, the television system. A language service Service has answered more than one-half section provides a variety of foreign million requests annually. language services, including translations. The Service provides timely and For further information, call 202–707–5700. objective information and analysis in response to congressional inquiries at American Folklife Center The Center, every stage of the legislative process which was established in the Library of concerning subject areas relevant to Congress by act of January 2, 1976 (20 policy issues before Congress. Its U.S.C. 2102 et seq.), has a coordinative director, assisted by a management function both in and outside the Federal team, oversees and coordinates the work Establishment to carry out appropriate of seven research divisions, which span programs to support, preserve, and a range of public policy subjects and present American folklife through such disciplines. These divisions contain activities as receiving and maintaining scholars and experts in the following folklife collections, scholarly research, broad areas: American law, economics, field projects, performances, exhibitions, environment and natural resources festivals, workshops, publications, and policy, foreign affairs and national audiovisual presentations. The Center is defense, government, and science directed by a Board of Trustees policy. The highest level researchers are consisting of four members appointed by senior specialists, with national and the President from Federal agencies; four international recognition in their fields. each appointed by the President pro The Service contains two reference tempore of the Senate and the Speaker divisions—the Congressional Reference of the House from private life; and five Division and the Library Services ex officio members, including: the Division. These divisions provide Librarian of Congress, the Secretary of reference, bibliographic, and other the Smithsonian Institution, the informational services to Congress and Chairmen of the National Endowment CRS staff using both traditional for the Arts and the National Endowment techniques and sophisticated for the Humanities, and the Director of computerized systems. The Service the Center. creates and maintains a number of The Center has conducted projects in specialized reading lists for Members of many locations across the country, such Congress and their staffs, and as the ethnic communities of Chicago, disseminates other materials of interest. IL; southern Georgia; a ranching The Service maintains those parts of community in northern Nevada; the Blue the Library of Congress automated Ridge Parkway in southern Virginia and information system that cover legislative northern North Carolina; and the States 58 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL of New Jersey, Rhode Island, and and radio networks, symposia, lectures, Montana. The projects have provided exhibitions, special events, and large collections of recordings and publications. More than 100 national photographs for the Archive of Folk educational and civic organizations Culture. The Center administers the participate in the Center’s annual Federal Cylinder Project, which is reading promotion campaign. charged with preserving and disseminating music and oral traditions Since 1984, 32 States have established recorded on wax cylinders dating from statewide book centers that are affiliated the late 1800’s to the early 1940’s. A with the Center for the Book in the cultural conservation study was Library of Congress. State centers plan developed at the Center, in cooperation and fund their own projects, involving with the Department of the Interior, members of the State’s ‘‘community of pursuant to a congressional mandate. the book,’’ including authors, readers, Various conferences, workshops, and prominent citizens, and public officials symposia are given throughout the year. who serve as honorary advisers. The Folklife Center News, a quarterly For further information, call 202–707–5221. newsletter, and other informational publications are available upon request. National Preservation Program The The Government Printing Office sells Library provides technical information additional Center publications. related to the preservation of library and The American Folklife Center archival material. A series of handouts maintains and administers the Archive of on various preservation and conservation Folk Culture, an extensive collection of topics has been prepared by the ethnographic materials from this country Preservation Office. Information and and around the world. It is the national publications are available from the repository for folk-related recordings, Library of Congress, Office of the manuscripts, and other unpublished Director for Preservation, Washington, materials. The Center’s reading room DC 20540–4500. Phone, 202–707– contains over 3,500 books and 1840. periodicals; a sizable collection of National Film Preservation Board The magazines, newsletters, unpublished National Film Preservation Board, theses, and dissertations; field notes; and established by the National Film many textual and some musical Preservation Act of 1992 (2 U.S.C. transcriptions and recordings. 179b), serves as a public advisory group For further information, call 202–707–6590. to the Librarian of Congress. The Board consists of 36 members and alternates Center for the Book The Center was representing the many parts of the established in the Library of Congress by diverse American film industry, film act of October 13, 1977 (2 U.S.C. 171 archives, scholars, and others. As its et seq.), to stimulate public interest in primary mission, the Board works to books, reading, and libraries, and to ensure the survival, conservation, and encourage the study of books and print increased public availability of America’s culture. The Center is a catalyst for film heritage, including advising the promoting and exploring the vital role of Librarian on the annual selection of films books, reading, and libraries—nationally to the National Film Registry and and internationally. As a partnership counseling the Librarian on development between the Government and the private and implementation of the national film sector, the Center for the Book depends preservation plan. Key publications are on tax-deductible contributions from Film Preservation 1993: A Study of the individuals and corporations to support Current State of American Film its programs. The Center’s activities are directed Preservation (4 volumes, 748 pages) and toward the general public and scholars. Redefining Film Preservation: A National The overall program includes reading Plan (79 pages). and promotion projects with television For further information, call 202–707–5912. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 59

Sources of Information of the Copyright Office may be obtained for a fee of $20 an hour; any member of Books for the Blind and Physically the public, however, may use without Handicapped Talking and braille books charge the Copyright Card Catalog in the and magazines are distributed through Copyright Office. Copyright Office 142 regional and subregional libraries to blind and physically handicapped records in machine-readable form residents of the United States and its cataloged from January 1, 1978, to the territories. Information is available at present are available through the public libraries throughout the United Internet, at http://www.loc.gov/. The States and from the headquarters office, Copyright Information Office is located Library of Congress, National Library in Room LM–401, James Madison Service for the Blind and Physically Memorial Building, 101 Independence Handicapped, 1291 Taylor Street NW., Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20559– Washington, DC 20542–4960. Phone, 6000, and is open to the public Monday 202–707–5100. through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Cataloging Data Distribution eastern time, except Federal holidays. Cataloging and bibliographic information Employment Employment inquiries and in the form of microfiche catalogs, book applications (on Standard Form 171, catalogs, magnetic tapes, CD–ROM Application for Federal Employment) cataloging tools, bibliographies, and should be directed to the Library of other technical publications is distributed Congress, Human Resources Services to libraries and other institutions. Operations Office, Washington, DC Information about ordering materials is 20540–2200. Potential applicants are available from the Library of Congress, encouraged to visit the Employment Cataloging Distribution Service, Office, Room LM–107, 101 Washington, DC 20541–4910. Phone, Independence Avenue SE., where current 202–707–6100. TDD, 202–707–0012. vacancy announcements and application Fax, 202–707–1334. E-mail, forms are available. The Human [email protected]. Resources hotline provides recorded Library of Congress card numbers for information on career opportunities. new publications are assigned by the Phone, 202–707–4315. Cataloging in Publication Division. Photoduplication Service Copies of Direct inquiries to Library of Congress, manuscripts, prints, photographs, maps, CIP Division, Washington, DC 20540– and book material not subject to 4320. Phone, 202–707–6372. copyright and other restrictions are Contracts Persons seeking to do available for a fee. Order forms for business with the Library of Congress photoreproduction and price schedules should contact the Library of Congress, are available from the Library of Contracts and Logistics Services, Congress, Photoduplication Service, Landover Center Annex, 1701 Brightseat Washington, DC 20540–4570. Phone, Road, Landover, MD 20785. Phone, 202–707–5640. 202–707–8717. Publications A list of Library of Copyright Services Information about Congress publications, many of which the copyright law (title 17 of the U.S. are of interest to the general public, is Code), the method of securing copyright, available through the Internet, at http:// and registration procedures may be www.loc.gov/. A monthly Calendar of obtained by writing to the Library of Events, listing programs and exhibitions Congress, Copyright Office, Washington, at the Library of Congress, can be mailed DC 20559–6000. Phone, 202–707– regularly to persons within 100 miles of 3000. Copyright information is also Washington, DC. Make requests to the available through the Internet, at http:// Library of Congress, Office Systems www.loc.gov/. Registration application Services, Washington, DC 20540–9440. forms may be ordered by calling the Reference and Bibliographic Services forms hotline at 202–707–9100. Reports Guidance is offered to readers in the on copyright facts found in the records identification and use of the material in 60 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL the Library’s collections, and reference An informal series of reference guides service in answer to inquiries is offered is issued by the Science and Technology to those who have exhausted local, Division under the general title LC State, and regional resources. Persons Science Tracer Bullet. These guides are requiring services that cannot be designed to help a reader locate performed by the Library staff can be published material on a subject about supplied with names of private researchers who work on a fee basis. which he or she has only general Requests for information should be knowledge. For a list of available titles, directed to the Library of Congress, write to the Library of Congress, Science National Reference Service, Washington, and Technology Division, Reference DC 20540–5570. Phone, 202–707– Section, Washington, DC 20540–4750. 5522. Fax, 202–707–1389. Phone, 202–707–5639. Research and Reference Services in Research Services in General Topics Science and Technology Reference Federal Government agencies can specialists in the Science and procure directed research and analytical Technology Division answer without products using the collections of the charge brief technical inquiries entailing Library of Congress through the Federal a bibliographic response. Of special Research Division. Science and social interest is a technical report collection science topics of research are conducted exceeding 3.4 million titles. Most of by staff specialists exclusively on behalf these are in microform and are readily of Federal agencies on a fee-for-service accessible for viewing in the Science Reading Room. Requests for reference basis. Requests for service should be service should be directed to the Library directed to Library of Congress, Federal of Congress, Science and Technology Research Division, Marketing Office, Division, Washington, DC 20540–4750. Washington, DC 20540–4840. Phone, Phone, 202–707–5639. 202–707–9904. Fax, 202–245–3900.

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20540–8610. Phone, 202–707–2905. Fax, 202–707–9199. Internet, http:// www.loc.gov/.

CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE Second and D Streets SW., Washington, DC 20515 Phone, 202–226–2621

Director JUNE E. O’NEILL Deputy Director JAMES L. BLUM General Counsel GAIL DEL BALZO Director, Office of Intergovernmental Relations STANLEY L. GREIGG Assistant Director for Budget Analysis PAUL N. VAN DE WATER Assistant Director for Macroeconomic Analysis ROBERT A. DENNIS Assistant Director for Tax Analysis ROSEMARY MARCUSS Assistant Director for Natural Resources and JAN PAUL ACTON Commerce Assistant Director for Health and Human JOSEPH R. ANTOS Resources Assistant Director for National Security CINDY WILLIAMS Assistant Director for Special Studies ARLENE HOLEN LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 61

The Congressional Budget Office provides the Congress with assessments of the economic impact of the Federal budget.

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) House and Senate Budget Committees was established by the Congressional each year with a report that includes a Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 601), discussion of alternative spending and which also created a procedure by revenue levels and alternative allocations which the United States Congress among major programs and functional considers and acts upon the annual categories, all in the light of major Federal budget. This process enables the national needs and the effect on the Congress to have an overview of the balanced growth and development of the Federal budget and to make overall United States. decisions regarding spending and taxing Federal Mandates The Office is levels and the deficit or surplus these required to provide a statement to levels incur. authorizing committees as to whether The Office provides Congress with reported bills contain Federal basic budget data and with analyses of intragovernmental or private sector alternative fiscal, budgetary, and mandates. In legislation that contains programmatic policy issues. identifiable Federal mandates, CBO is required to estimate their aggregate Activities direct cost, in the fiscal year in which Economic Forecasting and Fiscal Policy the mandate is first effective and in the Analysis The Federal budget affects and 4 following years. is affected by the national economy. The Budget-Related Studies The Office Congressional Budget Office provides undertakes studies requested by the Congress with biannual forecasts of the Congress on budget-related areas. This economy and analyses of economic service is provided in the following order trends and alternative fiscal policies. of priority to: the House and Senate Scorekeeping Under the budget Budget Committees; the House and process the Congress establishes, by Senate Appropriations Committees, the concurrent resolution, targets (or Senate Finance Committee, and the ceilings) for overall expenditures, budget House Ways and Means Committee; and authority and budget outlays, and for all other congressional committees. broad functional categories. The Sequestration Reports The Office Congress also establishes targets (or prepares advisory reports mandated by ceilings) for the levels of revenues, the the Balanced Budget and Emergency deficit, and the public debt. The Office Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended ‘‘keeps score’’ for the Congress by (2 U.S.C. 901), to estimate whether monitoring the results of congressional proposed spending levels breach action on individual authorization, categorical spending limits and, if so, to appropriation, and revenue bills against estimate the amount and percentage of the targets (or ceilings) specified in the budget resources that should be concurrent resolution. sequestered to eliminate any excesses. Cost Projections The Office prepares Pay-As-You-Go The Balanced Budget multiyear cost estimates for carrying out and Emergency Deficit Control Act of any public bill or resolution reported by 1985, as amended (2 U.S.C. 901), congressional committees. As soon as requires CBO to provide the Office of practicable after the beginning of each Management and Budget with an fiscal year, CBO also provides multiyear estimate of the amount of change in projections on the costs of continuing outlays or receipts for each fiscal year current Federal spending and taxation for any direct spending or receipts policies. legislation as soon as practicable after Annual Report on the Budget The Congress completes action on that Office is responsible for furnishing the legislation. 62 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL SPECIAL STUDIES ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR OFFICE OF RELATIONS NATIONAL SECURITY ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR INTERGOVERNMENTAL FOR AND HUMAN HEALTH DIRECTOR ASSISTANT RESOURCES AND NATURAL ASSISTANT COMMERCE RESOURCES DIRECTOR DIRECTOR FOR DEPUTY DIRECTOR TAX FOR ANALYSIS DIRECTOR ASSISTANT CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE MACRO- ANALYSIS ECONOMIC ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL BUDGET ANALYSIS ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 63

For further information, contact the Office of Intergovernmental Relations, Congressional Budget Office, Second and D Streets SW., Washington, DC 20515. Phone, 202–226–2600.

Judicial Branch

?65

JUDICIAL BRANCH

THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES United States Supreme Court Building One First Street NE., Washington, DC 20543 Phone, 202–479–3000

Members: Chief Justice of the United States WILLIAM H. REHNQUIST Associate Justices JOHN PAUL STEVENS, SANDRA DAY O’CONNOR, ANTONIN SCALIA,A NTHONY M. KENNEDY, DAVID H. SOUTER, CLARENCE THOMAS,R UTH BADER GINSBURG, STEPHEN G. BREYER Officers: Clerk WILLIAM K. SUTER Reporter of Decisions FRANK D. WAGNER Librarian SHELLEY L. DOWLING Marshal DALE E. BOSLEY

Article III, section 1, of the Constitution of the United States provides that ‘‘[t]he judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.’’ The Supreme Court of the United States was created in accordance with this provision and by authority of the Judiciary Act of September 24, 1789 (1 Stat. 73). It was organized on February 2, 1790. The Supreme Court comprises the Chief Justice of the United States and such number of Associate Justices as may be fixed by Congress. Under that authority, and by virtue of act of June 25, 1948 (28 U.S.C. 1), the number of Associate Justices is eight. Power to nominate the Justices is vested in the President of the United States, and appointments are made with the advice and consent of the Senate. Article III, section 1, of the Constitution further provides that ‘‘[t]he Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.’’ A Justice may, if so desired, retire at the age of 70 after serving for 10 years as a Federal judge or at age 65 after 15 years of service. The Clerk, the Reporter of Decisions, the Librarian, and the Marshal are appointed by the Court to assist in the performance of its functions. Other Court officers, including the Administrative Assistant, the Court Counsel, the Curator, the Director of Data Systems, and the Public Information Officer, are appointed by the Chief Justice to assist him with the administrative aspects of his position. 67 68 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The library is open to members of the bar of the Court, attorneys for the various Federal departments and agencies, and Members of Congress. Only members of the bar of the Court may practice before the Supreme Court. The term of the Court begins, by law, the first Monday in October of each year and continues as long as the business before the Court requires, usually until about the end of June. Six members constitute a quorum. Approximately 7,000 cases are passed upon in the course of a term. In addition, some 1,200 applications of various kinds are filed each year that can be acted upon by a single Justice.

Jurisdiction According to the and Fact, with such Exceptions, and Constitution (art. III, sec. 2), ‘‘[t]he under such Regulations as the Congress judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, shall make.’’ in Law and Equity, arising under this Appellate jurisdiction has been Constitution, the Laws of the United conferred upon the Supreme Court by States, and Treaties made, or which shall various statutes, under the authority be made, under their Authority;—to all given Congress by the Constitution. The Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;—to all basic statute effective at this time in Cases of admiralty and maritime conferring and controlling jurisdiction of Jurisdiction;—to Controversies to which the Supreme Court may be found in 28 the United States shall be a Party;—to U.S.C. 1251, 1253, 1254, 1257–1259, Controversies between two or more and various special statutes. Congress States;—between a State and Citizens of has no authority to change the original another State;—between Citizens of jurisdiction of this Court. different States;—between Citizens of the Rulemaking Power Congress has from same State claiming Lands under Grants time to time conferred upon the of different States, and between a State, Supreme Court power to prescribe rules or the Citizens thereof, and foreign of procedure to be followed by the States, Citizens or Subjects. lower courts of the United States. ‘‘In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, Pursuant to these statutes there are now other public Ministers and Consuls, and in force rules promulgated by the Court those in which a State shall be Party, the to govern civil and criminal cases in the supreme Court shall have original district courts, bankruptcy proceedings, Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before admiralty cases, appellate proceedings, mentioned, the supreme Court shall have and the trial of misdemeanors before appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law U.S. magistrate judges.

For further information concerning the Supreme Court, contact the Public Information Office, United States Supreme Court Building, 1 First Street NE., Washington, DC 20543. Phone, 202–479–3211.

Lower Courts

Article III of the Constitution declares, in office during good behavior, with no section 1, that the judicial power of the power in Congress to provide United States shall be invested in one otherwise.’’ Supreme Court and in ‘‘such inferior United States Courts of Appeals The Courts as the Congress may from time to courts of appeals are intermediate time ordain and establish.’’ The Supreme appellate courts created by act of March Court has held that these constitutional 3, 1891 (28 U.S.C. ch. 3), to relieve the courts ‘‘. .. share in the exercise of the Supreme Court of considering all appeals judicial power defined in that section, in cases originally decided by the can be invested with no other Federal trial courts. They are empowered jurisdiction, and have judges who hold to review all final decisions and certain JUDICIAL BRANCH 69 interlocutory decisions (18 U.S.C. 3731, elected from each of the 12 geographical 3734; 28 U.S.C. 1291, 1292) of district circuits, together with the chief judge of courts. They also are empowered to the Court of International Trade, serve as review and enforce orders of many members of the Judicial Conference of Federal administrative bodies. The the United States, over which the Chief decisions of the courts of appeals are Justice of the United States presides. This final except as they are subject to is the governing body for the discretionary review or appeal in the Supreme Court. administration of the Federal judicial The United States is divided system as a whole (28 U.S.C. 331). geographically into 12 judicial circuits, United States Court of Appeals for the including the District of Columbia. Each Federal Circuit This court was circuit has a court of appeals (28 U.S.C. established under Article III of the 41, 1294). Each of the 50 States is Constitution pursuant to the Federal assigned to one of the circuits, and the Courts Improvement Act of 1982 (28 Territories are assigned variously to the U.S.C. 1 note), as successor to the first, third, and ninth circuits. There is former United States Court of Customs also a Court of Appeals for the Federal and Patent Appeals and the United Circuit, which has nationwide States Court of Claims. The jurisdiction jurisdiction defined by subject matter. At of the court is nationwide (as provided present each court of appeals has from 6 by 28 U.S.C. 1295) and includes appeals to 28 permanent circuit judgeships (179 from the district courts in patent cases; in all), depending upon the amount of judicial work in the circuit. Circuit appeals from the district courts in judges hold their offices during good contract, and certain other civil actions behavior as provided by Article III, in which the United States is a section 1, of the Constitution. The judge defendant; and appeals from final senior in commission who is under 70 decisions of the U.S. Court of years of age (65 at inception of term), International Trade, the U.S. Court of has been in office at least 1 year, and Federal Claims, and the U.S. Court of has not previously been chief judge, Veterans Appeals. The jurisdiction of the serves as the chief judge of the circuit court also includes the review of for a 7-year term. One of the justices of administrative rulings by the Patent and the Supreme Court is assigned as circuit Trademark Office, U.S. International justice for each of the 13 judicial Trade Commission, Secretary of circuits. Each court of appeals normally Commerce, agency boards of contract hears cases in panels consisting of three appeals, and the Merit Systems judges but may sit en banc with all Protection Board, as well as rulemaking judges present. of the Department of Veterans Affairs; The judges of each circuit by vote determine the size of the judicial council review of decisions of the U.S. Senate for the circuit, which consists of the Select Committee on Ethics concerning chief judge and an equal number of discrimination claims of Senate circuit and district judges. The council employees; and review of a final order considers the state of Federal judicial of an entity to be designated by the business in the circuit and may ‘‘make President concerning discrimination all necessary and appropriate orders for claims of Presidential appointees. [its] effective and expeditious The court consists of 12 circuit judges. administration . . .’’ (28 U.S.C. 332). It sits in panels of three or more on each The chief judge of each circuit summons case and may also hear or rehear a case annually a judicial conference of all en banc. The court sits principally in circuit and district judges in the circuit, and sometimes members of the bar, to Washington, DC, and may hold court discuss the business of the Federal courts wherever any court of appeals sits (28 of the circuit (28 U.S.C. 333). The chief U.S.C. 48). judge of each circuit and a district judge 70 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Judicial CircuitsÐUnited States Courts of Appeals

Circuit Judges Official Station

District of Columbia Circuit

(Clerk: Mark J. Langer; Circuit Justice Circuit Executive: Linda Ferren; Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist Washington, DC) Circuit Judges Harry T. Edwards, Chief Judge Washington, DC Patricia M. Wald Washington, DC Laurence H. Silberman Washington, DC Stephen F. Williams Washington, DC Douglas H. Ginsburg Washington, DC David Bryan Sentelle Washington, DC Karen LeCraft Henderson Washington, DC A. Raymond Randolph Washington, DC Judith W. Rogers Washington, DC David S. Tatel Washington, DC (2 vacancies)

First Circuit

Districts of Maine, New Circuit Justice Hampshire, Massachusetts, Justice David H. Souter Rhode Island, and Puerto Rico (Clerk: William H. Ng; Circuit Judges Circuit Executive: Juan R. Torruella, Chief Judge Hato Rey, PR Vincent F. Flanagan; Bruce M. Selya Providence, RI Boston, MA) Michael Boudin Boston, MA Norman H. Stahl Concord, NH Sandra L. Lynch Boston, MA (Vacancy)

Second Circuit

Districts of Vermont, Circuit Justice Connecticut, northern New Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg York, southern New York, eastern New York, and Circuit Judges western New York Jon O. Newman, Chief Judge Hartford, CT (Clerk: George Lange III; Circuit Amalya Lyle Kearse New York, NY Executive: Steven Flanders; Ralph K. Winter, Jr. New Haven, CT New York, NY) John M. Walker, Jr. New York, NY Joseph M. McLaughlin New York, NY Dennis G. Jacobs New York, NY Pierre N. Leval New York, NY Guido Calabresi New Haven, CT Jose A. Cabranes New Haven, CT Fred I. Parker Burlington, VT (3 vacancies)

Third Circuit

Districts of New Jersey, Circuit Justice eastern Pennsylvania, Justice David H. Souter middle Pennsylvania, western Pennsylvania, Circuit Judges Delaware, and the Virgin Dolores Korman Sloviter, Chief Judge Philadelphia, PA Islands Edward R. Becker Philadelphia, PA (Clerk: P. Douglas Sisk; Walter K. Stapleton Wilmington, DE Circuit Executive: Carol Los Mansmann Pittsburgh, PA Toby D. Slawsky; Morton I. Greenberg Trenton, NJ Philadelphia, PA) Anthony J. Scirica Philadelphia, PA Robert E. Cowen Trenton, NJ Richard Lowell Nygaard Erie, PA Samuel A. Alito, Jr. Newark, NJ Jane R. Roth Wilmington, DE Timothy K. Lewis Pittsburgh, PA Theodore A. McKee Philadelphia, PA (Vacancy)

Fourth Circuit

Districts of Maryland, Circuit Justice northern West Virginia, Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist JUDICIAL BRANCH 71

Judicial CircuitsÐUnited States Courts of Appeals—Continued

Circuit Judges Official Station southern West Virginia, eastern Virginia, western Circuit Judges Virginia, eastern North James Harvie Wilkinson III, Chief Judge Charlottesville, VA Carolina, middle North Sam J. Ervin III Morganton, NC Carolina, western North Donald S. Russell Spartanburg, SC Carolina, and South H. Emory Widener, Jr. Abingdon,VA Carolina Kenneth K. Hall Charleston, WV (Clerk: Patricia S. Connor; Francis D. Murnaghan, Jr. Baltimore, MD Circuit Executive: William W. Wilkins, Jr. Greenville, SC Samuel W. Phillips; Paul V. Niemeyer Baltimore, MD Richmond, VA) Clyde H. Hamilton Columbia, SC J. Michael Luttig McLean, VA Karen J. Williams Orangeburg, SC M. Blane Michael Charleston, WV Diana Gribbon Motz Baltimore, MD (2 vacancies)

Fifth Circuit

Districts of northern Circuit Justice Mississippi, southern Mississippi, Justice Antonin Scalia eastern Louisiana, middle Louisiana, western Louisiana, Circuit Judges northern Texas, southern Henry A. Politz, Chief Judge Shreveport, LA Texas, eastern Texas, and Carolyn Dineen King Houston, TX western Texas E. Grady Jolly Jackson, MS (Clerk: Charles R. Fulbruge III; Patrick E. Higginbotham Dallas, TX Circuit Executive: W. Eugene Davis Lafayette, LA Gregory A. Nussel; Edith H. Jones Houston, TX New Orleans, LA) Jerry Edwin Smith Houston, TX John M. Duhe, Jr. Lafayette, LA Rhesa H. Barksdale Jackson, MS Jacques L. Wiener, Jr. Shreveport, LA Emilio M. Garza San Antonio, TX Harold R. Demoss, Jr. Houston, TX Fortunado P. Benavides Austin, TX Carl E. Stewart Shreveport, LA Robert M. Parker Tyler, TX James L. Dennis New Orleans, LA (Vacancy)

Sixth Circuit

Districts of northern Ohio, Circuit Justice southern Ohio, eastern Justice John Paul Stevens Michigan, western Michigan, eastern Kentucky, Circuit Judges western Kentucky, eastern Boyce F. Martin, Jr., Chief Judge Louisville, KY Tennessee, middle Tennessee, Gilbert S. Merritt Nashville, TN and western Tennessee Cornelia G. Kennedy Detroit, MI (Clerk: Leonard Green; David A. Nelson Cincinnati, OH Circuit Executive: James L. Ryan Detroit, MI James A. Higgins; Danny J. Boggs Louisville, KY Cincinnati, OH) Alan E. Norris Columbus, OH Richard F. Suhrheinrich Lansing, MI Eugene E. Siler, Jr. London, KY Alice M. Batchelder Medina, OH Martha Craig Daughtrey Nashville, TN Karen Nelson Moore Cleveland, OH Ransey Guy Cole, Jr. Columbus, OH (3 vacancies)

Seventh Circuit

Districts of northern Indiana, Circuit Justice southern Indiana, northern Justice John Paul Stevens Illinois, central Illinois, southern Illinois, eastern Circuit Judges Wisconsin, and western Richard A. Posner, Chief Judge Chicago, IL Wisconsin Walter J. Cummings Chicago, IL (Clerk: Thomas F. Strubbe; John L. Coffey Milwaukee, WI Circuit Executive: Joel M. Flaum Chicago, IL Collins T. Fitzpatrick; Frank H. Easterbrook Chicago, IL 72 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Judicial CircuitsÐUnited States Courts of Appeals—Continued

Circuit Judges Official Station

Chicago, IL) Kenneth F. Ripple South Bend, IN Daniel A. Manion South Bend, IN Michael S. Kanne Lafayette, IN Ilana Diamond Rovner Chicago, IL Diane P. Wood Chicago, IL Terence T. Evans Milwaukee, WI

Eighth Circuit

Districts of Minnesota, Circuit Justice northern Iowa, southern Justice Clarence Thomas Iowa, eastern Missouri, western Missouri, eastern Circuit Judges Arkansas, western Arkansas, Richard S. Arnold, Chief Judge Little Rock, AR Nebraska, North Dakota, Theodore McMillian St. Louis, MO and South Dakota George G. Fagg Des Moines, IA (Clerk: Michael Ellis Gans; Pasco M. Bowman II Kansas City, MO Circuit Executive: Roger L. Wollman Sioux Falls, SD June L. Boadwine; Frank J. Magill Fargo, ND St. Louis, MO, and Clarence Arlen Beam Lincoln, NE St. Paul, MN) James B. Loken St. Paul, MN David R. Hansen Cedar Rapids, IA Morris S. Arnold Little Rock, AR Diana E. Murphy Minneapolis, MN

Ninth Circuit

Districts of northern Circuit Justice California, eastern Justice Sandra Day O'Connor California, central California, southern California, Oregon, Circuit Judges Nevada, Montana, eastern Procter Hug, Jr., Chief Judge Reno, NV Washington, western James R. Browning San Francisco, CA Washington, Idaho, Arizona, Mary M. Schroeder Phoenix, AZ Alaska, Hawaii, Territory Betty B. Fletcher Seattle, WA of Guam, and District Harry Pregerson Woodland Hills, CA Court for the Northern Stephan Reinhardt Los Angeles, CA Mariana Islands Cynthia Holcomb Hall Pasadena, CA (Clerk: Cathy A. Catterson; Melvin Brunetti Reno, NV Circuit Executive: Alex Kozinski Pasadena, CA Gregory B. Walters; David R. Thompson San Diego, CA San Francisco, CA) Diarmuid F. O'Scannlain Portland, OR Edward Leavy Portland, OR Stephen S. Trott Boise, ID Ferdinand F. Fernandez Pasadena, CA Pamela A. Rymer Pasadena, CA Thomas G. Nelson Boise, ID Andrew J. Kleinfeld Fairbanks, AK Michael D. Hawkins Phoenix, AZ A. Wallace Tashima Pasadena, CA Sidney R. Thomas Billings, MT (8 vacancies)

Tenth Circuit

Districts of Colorado, Circuit Justice Wyoming, Utah, Kansas, Justice Stephen G. Breyer eastern Oklahoma, western Oklahoma, northern Circuit Judges Oklahoma, and New Stephanie K. Seymour, Chief Judge Tulsa, OK Mexico John C. Porfilio Denver, CO (Clerk: Patrick J. Fisher; Stephen H. Anderson Salt Lake City, UT Circuit Executive: Deanell Reece Tacha Lawrence, KS Robert L. Hoecker; Bobby R. Baldock Roswell, NM Denver, CO) Wade Brorby Cheyenne, WY David M. Ebel Denver, CO Paul J. Kelly, Jr. Santa Fe, NM Robert H. Henry Oklahoma City, OK Mary Beck Briscoe Topeka, KS Carlos F. Lucero Denver, CO Michael R. Murphy Salt Lake City, UT JUDICIAL BRANCH 73

Judicial CircuitsÐUnited States Courts of Appeals—Continued

Circuit Judges Official Station

Eleventh Circuit

Districts of northern Circuit Justice Georgia, middle Georgia, Justice Anthony M. Kennedy southern Georgia, northern Florida, middle Florida, Circuit Judges southern Florida, northern Joseph Woodrow Hatchett, Chief Judge Tallahassee, FL Alabama, middle Alabama, Gerald B. Tjoflat Jacksonville, FL southern Alabama R. Lanier Anderson III Macon, GA (Clerk: Miguel J. Cortez, Jr.; J.L. Edmondson Atlanta, GA Circuit Executive: Emmett Ripley Cox Mobile, AL Norman E. Zoller; Stanley F. Birch, Jr. Atlanta, GA Atlanta, GA) Joel F. Dubina Montgomery, AL Susan H. Black Jacksonville, FL Edward E. Carnes Montgomery, AL Rosemary Barkett Miami, FL (2 vacancies)

Federal CircuitÐWashington, DC has not previously been chief judge, Circuit Justice serves as chief judge for a 7-year term. Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist There are altogether 610 permanent Chief Judge Glenn L. Archer, Jr. district judgeships in the 50 States and Judges 15 in the District of Columbia. There are Giles S. Rich 7 district judgeships in Puerto Rico. Pauline Newman Haldane Robert Mayer District judges hold their offices during Paul R. Michel good behavior as provided by Article III, S. Jay Plager Alan D. Lourie section 1, of the Constitution. However, Raymond C. Clevenger III Congress may create temporary Randall R. Rader Alvin A. Schall judgeships for a court with the provision William C. Bryson that when a vacancy occurs in that (Vacancy) district, such vacancy shall not be filled. Clerk: Jan Horbaly Each district court has one or more Administrative Services Officer: Ruth A. Butler United States magistrate judges and United States District Courts The bankruptcy judges, a clerk, a United district courts are the trial courts of States attorney, a United States marshal, general Federal jurisdiction. Each State probation officers, court reporters, and has at least one district court, while the their staffs. The jurisdiction of the district larger States have as many as four. courts is set forth in title 28, chapter 85, Altogether there are 89 district courts in of the United States Code and at 18 the 50 States, plus the one in the District U.S.C. 3231. of Columbia. In addition, the Cases from the district courts are Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has a reviewable on appeal by the applicable district court with jurisdiction court of appeals. corresponding to that of district courts in Territorial Courts Pursuant to its the various States. authority to govern the Territories (art. At present, each district court has from IV, sec. 3, clause 2, of the Constitution), 2 to 28 Federal district judgeships, Congress has established district courts depending upon the amount of judicial in the territories of Guam and the Virgin work within its territory. Only one judge Islands. The District Court of the Canal is usually required to hear and decide a Zone was abolished on April 1, 1982, case in a district court, but in some pursuant to the Panama Canal Act of limited cases it is required that three 1979 (22 U.S.C. 3601 note). Congress judges be called together to comprise has also established a district court in the court (28 U.S.C. 2284). The judge senior in commission who is under 70 the Northern Mariana Islands, which years of age (65 at inception of term), presently is administered by the United has been in office for at least 1 year, and States under a trusteeship agreement with the United Nations. These 74 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Territorial courts have jurisdiction not it has exclusive jurisdiction of civil only over the subjects described in the actions to review determinations as to judicial article of the Constitution but the eligibility of workers, firms, and also over many local matters that, within communities for adjustment assistance the States, are decided in State courts. under the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. The district court of Puerto Rico, by 2101). Civil actions commenced by the contrast, is established under Article III, United States to recover customs duties, is classified like other ‘‘district courts,’’ to recover on a customs bond, or for and is called a ‘‘court of the United certain civil penalties alleging fraud or States’’ (28 U.S.C. 451). There is one negligence are also within the exclusive judge each in Guam and the Northern jurisdiction of the court. Mariana Islands, and two in the Virgin The court is composed of a chief Islands. The judges in these courts are judge and eight judges, not more than appointed for terms of 10 years. five of whom may belong to any one For further information concerning the lower political party. Any of its judges may be courts, contact the Administrative Office of the temporarily designated and assigned by United States Courts, Thurgood Marshall Federal the Chief Justice of the United States to Judiciary Building, One Columbus Circle NE., sit as a court of appeals or district court Washington, DC 20544. Phone, 202–273–1120 judge in any circuit or district. The court United States Court of International has a clerk and deputy clerks, a Trade This court was originally librarian, court reporters, and other established as the Board of United States supporting personnel. Cases before the General Appraisers by act of June 10, court may be tried before a jury. Under 1890, which conferred upon it the Federal Courts Improvement Act of jurisdiction theretofore held by the 1982 (28 U.S.C. 1295), appeals are district and circuit courts in actions taken to the U.S. Court of Appeals for arising under the tariff acts (19 U.S.C. the Federal Circuit, and ultimately ch. 4). The act of May 28, 1926 (19 review may be sought in appropriate U.S.C. 405a), created the United States cases in the Supreme Court of the Customs Court to supersede the Board; United States. by acts of August 7, 1939, and June 25, The principal offices are located in 1948 (28 U.S.C. 1582, 1583), the court New York, NY, but the court is was integrated into the United States empowered to hear and determine cases court structure, organization, and arising at any port or place within the procedure. The act of July 14, 1956 (28 jurisdiction of the United States. U.S.C. 251), established the court as a For further information, contact the Clerk, United court of record of the United States States Court of International Trade, One Federal under Article III of the Constitution. Plaza, New York, NY 10007. Phone, 212–264– The Customs Courts Act of 1980 (28 2814. U.S.C. 251) constituted the court as the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation United States Court of International The Panel, created by act of April 29, Trade and revised provisions relating to 1968 (28 U.S.C. 1407), and consisting of its jurisdiction. The Court of International seven Federal judges designated by the Trade has all the powers in law and Chief Justice from the courts of appeals equity of a district court. and district courts, is authorized to The Court of International Trade has temporarily transfer to a single district, jurisdiction over any civil action against for coordinated or consolidated pretrial the United States arising from Federal proceedings, civil actions pending in laws governing import transactions. This different districts that involve one or includes classification and valuation more common questions of fact. cases, as well as authority to review certain agency determinations under the For further information, contact the Clerk, Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation, Room G–255, Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (19 Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building, One U.S.C. 2501) involving antidumping and Columbus Circle NE., Washington, DC 20002. countervailing duty matters. In addition, Phone, 202–273–2800. JUDICIAL BRANCH 75 Special Courts

The Supreme Court has held that an express or implied-in-fact contract ‘‘. .. Article III [of the Constitution] with the United States; or damages, does not express the full authority of liquidated or unliquidated, in cases not Congress to create courts, and that other sounding in tort. Articles invest Congress with powers in If a bidder files a claim with the court the exertion of which it may create either before or after the award of a inferior courts and clothe them with Government contract, it has jurisdiction functions deemed essential or helpful in to grant declaratory judgments and carrying those powers into execution.’’ equitable relief. Under the Contract Such courts, known as legislative courts, Disputes Act (41 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), the have functions which ‘‘. .. are directed court may render judgments upon a to the execution of one or more of such claim by or against a contractor, or any powers and are prescribed by Congress dispute between a contractor and the independently of section 2 of Article III; United States Government arising under and their judges hold office for such the act. term as Congress prescribes, whether it The Congress, from time to time, also be a fixed period of years or during good grants the court jurisdiction over specific behavior.’’ Appeals from the decisions of types of claims against the United States. these courts, with the exception of the The National Vaccine Injury U.S. Tax Court and the U.S. Court of Compensation Program, established by Appeals for the Armed Forces, may be 42 U.S.C. 300aa–10 (the Vaccine Act), is taken to the U.S. Court of Appeals for an example of such special jurisdiction. the Federal Circuit. Appeals from the The court also reports to Congress on decisions of the Tax Court may be taken bills referred by either the House of to the court of appeals in which judicial Representatives or the Senate. circuit the case was initially heard. Judgments of the court are final and Certain decisions of the U.S. Court of conclusive on both the claimant and the Appeals for the Armed Forces are United States. All judgments are subject reviewable by writ of certiorari in the to appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals Supreme Court. for the Federal Circuit. Collateral to any United States Court of Federal Claims judgment, the court may issue orders The Claims Court was established on directing the restoration to office or October 1, 1982, as an Article I court status of any claimant or the correction (28 U.S.C. 171, Article I, U.S. of applicable records. The court’s jurisdiction is nationwide. Constitution). The Claims Court succeeds Trials are conducted before individual to the original jurisdiction of the former judges at locations most convenient and Court of Claims, as provided for in 28 least expensive to citizens. U.S.C. 1491 et seq. Its name was changed to the United States Court of For further information, contact the Clerk, United Federal Claims by the Federal Courts States Court of Federal Claims, 717 Madison Place NW., Washington, DC 20005. Phone, 202–219– Administration Act of 1992 (28 U.S.C. 1 9657. note, 106 Stat. 4516). The court is composed of a chief judge, designated United States Court of Appeals for the by the President, and 15 associate Armed Forces This court was judges. All judges are appointed for 15- established under Article I of the year terms by the President with the Constitution of the United States advice and consent of the Senate. pursuant to act of May 5, 1950, as The court has jurisdiction over claims amended (10 U.S.C. 867). Subject only seeking money judgments against the to certiorari review by the Supreme United States. A claim must be founded Court of the United States in a limited upon either: the United States number of cases, the court serves as the Constitution; an act of Congress; the final appellate tribunal to review court- regulation of an executive department; martial convictions of all the Armed 76 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Forces. It is exclusively an appellate by the Tax Reform Act of 1969 (83 Stat. criminal court, consisting of five civilian 730). judges who are appointed for 15-year The court is composed of 19 judges. terms by the President with the advice Its strength is augmented by senior and consent of the Senate. The court is judges who may be recalled by the chief called upon to exercise jurisdiction to judge to perform further judicial duties review the record in all cases: and by 14 special trial judges who are —extending to death; appointed by the chief judge and serve —certified to the court by a Judge at the pleasure of the court. The chief Advocate General of an armed force or judge is elected biennially from among by the General Counsel of the the 19 judges of the court. The Tax Court tries and adjudicates Department of Transportation, acting for controversies involving the existence of the Coast Guard; or deficiencies or overpayments in income, —petitioned by accused who have estate, gift, and generation-skipping received a sentence of confinement for 1 transfer taxes in cases where deficiencies year or more, and/or a punitive have been determined by the discharge. Commissioner of Internal Revenue. It The court also exercises authority also hears cases commenced by under the All Writs Act (28 U.S.C. 1651 transferees and fiduciaries who have (a)). been issued notices of liability by the In addition, the judges of the court are Commissioner. required by law to work jointly with the The Tax Court has jurisdiction to senior uniformed lawyer from each redetermine excise taxes and penalties armed force, the Chief Counsel of the imposed on private foundations. Similar Coast Guard, and two members of the jurisdiction over excise taxes has been public appointed by the Secretary of conferred with regard to public charities, Defense, to make an annual qualified pension plans, and real estate comprehensive survey and to report investment trusts. annually to the Congress on the At the option of the individual operation and progress of the military taxpayer, simplified procedures may be justice system under the Uniform Code utilized for the trials of small tax cases, of Military Justice, and to recommend provided that in a case conducted under improvements wherever necessary. these procedures the decision of the court would be final and not subject to For further information, contact the Clerk, United review by any court. The jurisdictional States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, 450 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20442–0001. Phone, maximum for such cases is $10,000 for 202–761–1448. Fax, 202–761–4672. any disputed year. In disputes relating to public United States Tax Court This is a court inspection of written determinations by of record under Article I of the the Internal Revenue Service, the Tax Constitution of the United States (26 Court has jurisdiction to restrain U.S.C. 7441). Currently an independent disclosure or to obtain additional judicial body in the legislative branch, disclosure of written determinations or the court was originally created as the background file documents and, at the United States Board of Tax Appeals, an request of any person, to order independent agency in the executive disclosure of the identity of any person branch, by the Revenue Act of 1924 (43 to whom the written determination Stat. 336) and continued by the Revenue pertains, if there has been a third party Act of 1926 (44 Stat. 105), the Internal contact noted on the determination Revenue Codes of 1939, 1954, and made public. 1986. The name was changed to the Tax The Tax Court has jurisdiction to Court of the United States by the render declaratory judgments relating to Revenue Act of 1942 (56 Stat. 957), and the qualification of retirement plans, the Article I status and change in name including pension, profit-sharing, stock to United States Tax Court were effected bonus, annuity, and bond purchase JUDICIAL BRANCH 77 plans; the tax-exempt status of a United States Court of Veterans Appeals charitable organization, qualified The United States Court of Veterans charitable donee, private foundation, or Appeals was established on November private operating foundation; and the 18, 1988 (102 Stat. 4105, 38 U.S.C. status of interest on certain governmental 4051) pursuant to Article I of the obligations. Additional jurisdiction was Constitution, and given exclusive conferred on the Tax Court by the jurisdiction to review decisions of the Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Board of Veterans Appeals. However, Act of 1988 (102 Stat. 3342). Such the court may not review the schedule of jurisdiction includes injunctive authority ratings for disabilities or actions of the over certain procedure assessments, Secretary in adopting or revising that authority to review certain jeopardy schedule. Decisions of the Court of assessments and jeopardy levies, and Veterans Appeals may be appealed to authority to hear and decide appeals by the United States Court of Appeals for taxpayers from the denial of the Federal Circuit. administrative costs by the Internal The court consists of a chief judge and Revenue Service. at least two, but not more than six, associate judges. All judges are All decisions, other than small tax appointed by the President with the case decisions, are subject to review by advice and consent of the Senate for the courts of appeals and thereafter by terms of 15 years. the Supreme Court of the United States The court’s principal office is in the upon the granting of a writ of certiorari. District of Columbia, but the court can The office of the court and all of its also act at any place within the United judges are located in Washington, DC, States. with the exception of a field office For further information, contact the Clerk, United located in Los Angeles, CA. The court States Court of Veterans Appeals, Suite 900, 625 conducts trial sessions at various Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20004– locations within the United States as 2950. Phone, 202–501–5970. reasonably convenient to taxpayers as Other Courts There have also been practicable. Each trial session is created two courts of local jurisdiction conducted by a single judge or a special for the District of Columbia: the District trial judge. All proceedings are public of Columbia Court of Appeals and the and are conducted judicially in Superior Court. accordance with the court’s Rules of Practice and the rules of evidence Business of the Federal Courts applicable in trials without a jury in the U.S. District Court for the District of The business of all the Federal courts Columbia. A fee of $60 is prescribed for described here, except the Court of the filing of a petition. Practice before Military Appeals, the Tax Court, the the court is limited to practitioners Court of Veterans Appeals, and the admitted under the court’s Rules. District of Columbia courts, is discussed in detail in the text and tables of the For further information, contact the Administrative Annual Report of the Director of the Office, United States Tax Court, 400 Second Street NW., Washington, DC 20217. Phone, 202–606– Administrative Office of the United 8751. States Courts (1940–95). 78 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES COURTS One Columbus Circle NE., Washington, DC 20544 Phone, 202–273–1120

Director LEONIDAS RALPH MECHAM Associate Director, Management and CLARENCE A. (PETE) LEE, JR. Operations Chief, Office of Audit DAVID L. GELLMAN Chief, Office of Management Coordination CATHY A. MCCARTHY Chief, Office of Program Assessment DUANE REX LEE Associate Director and General Counsel WILLIAM R. BURCHILL, JR. Assistant Director, Office of Judicial KAREN K. SIEGEL Conference Executive Secretariat Assistant Director, Office of Legislative Affairs MICHAEL W. BLOMMER Assistant Director, Office of Public Affairs DAVID A. SELLERS, Acting Assistant Director, Office of Court Programs NOEL J. AUGUSTYN Chief, Court Administration Policy Staff ABEL J. MATTOS Chief, Appellate Court and Circuit JOHN P. HEHMAN Administration Division Chief, Bankruptcy Court Administration GLEN K. PALMAN Division Chief, Defender Services Division THEODORE J. LIDZ Chief, District Court Administration Division LYDIA PELEGRIN Chief, Federal Corrections and Supervision EUNICE HOLT JONES Division Assistant Director, Office of Facilities, Security, P. GERALD THACKER and Administrative Services Deputy Assistant Director WILLIAM J. LEHMAN Chief, Policy and Resource Management ROSS EISENMAN Staff Chief, Administrative Office Personnel Office NANCY LEE BRADSHAW Chief, Administrative Services Office LAURA C. MINOR Chief, Court Security Office DENNIS P. CHAPAS Chief, Relocation and Travel Management JOHN R. BRESLIN Office Chief, Contracts Division FRED MCBRIDE Chief, Space and Facilities Division WILLIAM J. LEHMAN Assistant Director, Office of Finance and JOSEPH J. BOBEK Budget Deputy Assistant Director GEORGE H. SCHAFER Chief, Economy Subcommittee Support DIANE V. MARGESON Office Financial Liaison Officer PENNY G. JACOBS Chief, Accounting and Financial Systems PHILIP L. MCKINNEY Division Chief, Budget Division GREGORY D. CUMMINGS Assistant Director, Office of Human Resources MYRA HOWZE SHIPLETT and Statistics Deputy Assistant Director R. TOWNSEND ROBINSON Chief, Analytical Services Office DAVID L. COOK Chief, Employee Relations and Training MAURICE E. WHITE Division Chief, Human Resources Division CHARLOTTE G. PEDDICORD JUDICIAL BRANCH 79

Chief, Statistics Division STEVEN R. SCHLESINGER Assistant Director, Office of Information PAMELA B. WHITE Technology Chief, Computer Security and Independent FRANK S. DOZIER Testing Office Chief, Customer Relations Office DENNIS E. MOREY Chief, Technology Enhancement Office RICHARD D. FENNELL Chief, Technology Policy, Planning, and MEL BRYSON Acquisitions Office Chief, Applications Management and GARY L. BOCKWEG Development Division Chief, Networks and Systems Integration CHARLES N. MAYER Division Chief, Technology Training and Support CHARLES W. VAGNER Division Assistant Director, Office of Judges Programs PETER G. MCCABE Chief, Long Range Planning Office JEFFREY A. HENNEMUTH Chief, Rules Committee Support Office JOHN K. RABIEJ Chief, Article III Judges Division JOHN E. HOWELL Chief, Bankruptcy Judges Division FRANCIS F. SZCZEBAK Chief, Magistrate Judges Division THOMAS C. HNATOWSKI

The Administrative Office of the United States Courts is charged with the nonjudicial, administrative business of the United States Courts, including the maintenance of workload statistics and the disbursement of funds appropriated for the maintenance of the U.S. judicial system.

The Administrative Office of the United the activities of the Administrative Office States Courts was created by act of and the state of the business of the August 7, 1939 (28 U.S.C. 601). The courts; Office was established November 6, —fix the compensation of employees 1939. Its Director and Deputy Director of the courts whose compensation is not are appointed by the Chief Justice of the otherwise fixed by law; United States after consultation with the —regulate and pay annuities to Judicial Conference. widows and surviving dependent Administering the Courts The Director children of judges; is the administrative officer of the courts —disburse moneys appropriated for of the United States (except the Supreme the maintenance and operation of the Court). Under the guidance of the courts; —examine accounts of court officers; Judicial Conference of the United States —regulate travel of judicial personnel; the Director is required, among other —provide accommodations and things, to: supplies for the courts and their clerical —supervise all administrative matters and administrative personnel; relating to the offices of clerks and other —establish and maintain programs for clerical and administrative personnel of the certification and utilization of court the courts; interpreters and the provision of special —examine the state of the dockets of interpretation services in the courts; and the courts, secure information as to the —perform such other duties as may be courts’ need of assistance, and prepare assigned to him by the Supreme Court or and transmit quarterly to the chief judges the Judicial Conference of the United of the circuits statistical data and reports States. as to the business of the courts; The Director is also responsible for the —submit to the annual meeting of the preparation and submission of the Judicial Conference of the United States, budget of the courts, except the budget at least 2 weeks prior thereto, a report of of the Supreme Court. 80 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL JUDGES OFFICE OF OFFICE OF PROGRAMS PUBLIC AFFAIRS LONG RANGE PLANNING OFFICE RULES COMMITTEE SUPPORT OFFICE ARTICLE III JUDGES DIVISION BANKRUPTCY JUDGES DIVISION MAGISTRATE JUDGES DIVISION AFFAIRS COUNSEL OFFICE OF OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE AND GENERAL TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION COMPUTER SECURITY AND INDEPENDENT TESTING OFFICE CUSTOMER RELATIONS OFFICE TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENT OFFICE TECHNOLOGY POLICY, PLANNING, AND ACQUISITIONS OFFICE APPLICATIONS MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS INTEGRATION DIVISION TECHNOLOGY TRAINING AND SUPPORT DIVISION ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OFFICE OF OFFICE OF AND STATISTICS HUMAN RESOURCES ANALYTICAL SERVICES OFFICE EMPLOYEE RELATIONS AND TRAINING DIVISION HUMAN RESOURCES DIVISION STATISTICS DIVISION JUDICIAL CONFERENCE EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT DIRECTOR PROGRAM OFFICE OF ASSESSMENT BUDGET OFFICE OF FINANCE AND ECONOMY SUBCOMMITTEE SUPPORT OFFICE FINANCIAL LIAISON OFFICE ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL SYSTEMS DIVISION BUDGET DIVISION OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT COORDINATION AND OPERATIONS SERVICES ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR, SECURITY, AND ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STAFF AO PERSONNEL OFFICE ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES OFFICE COURT SECURITY OFFICE RELOCATION AND TRAVEL MANAGEMENT OFFICE CONTRACTS DIVISION SPACE AND FACILITIES DIVISION ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES COURTS OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF FACILITIES, AUDIT COURT OFFICE OF OFFICE OF PROGRAMS APPELLATE COURT AND CIRCUIT ADMINISTRATION DIVISION BANKRUPTCY COURT ADMINISTRATION DIVISION DEFENDER SERVICES DIVISION DISTRICT COURT ADMINISTRATION DIVISION FEDERAL CORRECTIONS AND SUPERVISION DIVISION COURT ADMINISTRATION POLICY STAFF JUDICIAL BRANCH 81

Probation Officers The Administrative Conference, exercises general Office exercises general supervision of supervision over administrative matters the accounts and practices of the Federal in offices of United States magistrate probation offices, subject to primary judges, compiles and evaluates statistical control by the respective district courts data relating to such offices, and submits that they serve. The Office publishes reports thereon to the Conference. The quarterly, in cooperation with the Director reports annually to Congress on Bureau of Prisons of the Department of the business that has come before Justice, a magazine entitled Federal United States magistrate judges and also Probation, which is a journal ‘‘of prepares legal and administrative correctional philosophy and practice.’’ manuals for the use of the magistrate The Director also has responsibility judges. The act provides for surveys to with respect to the establishment of be conducted by the Administrative pretrial services in the district courts Office of the conditions in the judicial under the Pretrial Services Act of 1982 districts in order to make (18 U.S.C. 3152). These offices report to recommendations as to the number, their respective courts information location, and salaries of magistrate concerning pretrial release of persons judges, which are determined by the charged with Federal offenses and Conference subject to the availability of supervise such persons who are released appropriated funds. to their custody. Federal Defenders The Criminal Justice Bankruptcy The Bankruptcy Act (18 U.S.C. 3006A) establishes the Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act procedure for the appointment of of 1984 (28 U.S.C. 151) provided that counsel in Federal criminal cases for the bankruptcy judges for each judicial individuals who are unable to afford district shall constitute a unit of the adequate representation under plans district court to be known as the adopted by each district court. The act bankruptcy court. Bankruptcy judges are also permits the establishment of Federal appointed by the courts of appeals in public defender or Federal community such numbers as authorized by Congress defender organizations by the district and serve for a term of 14 years as courts in districts where at least 200 judicial officers of the district courts. persons annually require the This act placed jurisdiction in the appointment of counsel. Two adjacent district courts over all cases under title districts may be combined to reach this 11, United States Code, and all total. proceedings arising in or related to cases Each defender organization submits to under that title (28 U.S.C. 1334). The the Director of the Administrative Office district court may provide for such cases an annual report of its activities along and proceedings to be referred to its with a proposed budget or, in the case bankruptcy judges (as authorized by 28 of community defender organizations, a U.S.C. 157). proposed grant for the coming year. The The Director of the Administrative Director is responsible for the Office recommends to the Judicial submission of the proposed budgets and Conference the official duty stations and grants to the Judicial Conference for places of holding court of bankruptcy judges, surveys the need for additional approval. The Director also makes bankruptcy judgeships to be payments to the defender organizations recommended to Congress, and out of appropriations in accordance with determines the staff needs of bankruptcy the approved budgets and grants, as well judges and the clerks of the bankruptcy as compensating private counsel courts. appointed to defend criminal cases in Federal Magistrate Judges Under the the United States courts. Federal Magistrates Act, as amended (28 U.S.C. 631), the Director of the Sources of Information Administrative Office, under the Information may be obtained from the supervision and direction of the Judicial following offices: 82 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Bankruptcy Judges Division. Phone, 202–273– 1270. 1900. Judicial Conference Executive Secretariat. Phone, Budget Division. Phone, 202–273–2100. 202–273–1140. Defender Services Division. Phone, 202–273– Legislative Affairs Office. Phone, 202–273–1120. 1670. Magistrate Judges Division. Phone, 202–273– Federal Corrections and Supervision Division. 1830. Phone, 202–273–1600. Public Affairs Office. Phone, 202–273–0107. General Counsel. Phone, 202–273–1100. Human Resources Division. Phone, 202–273– Statistics Division. Phone, 202–273–2240.

For further information, contact one of the offices listed above, Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building, One Columbus Circle NE., Washington, DC 20544.

FEDERAL JUDICIAL CENTER Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building, One Columbus Circle NE., Washington, DC 20002–8003 Phone, 202–273–4000

Director RYA W. ZOBEL Deputy Director RUSSELL R. WHEELER Director of Research JAMES B. EAGLIN, Acting Director of Planning and Technology GORDON BERMANT Director of Judicial Education ROBB M. JONES Director of Court Education EMILY Z. HUEBNER Director of Publications and Media SYLVAN A. SOBEL

The Federal Judicial Center is the judicial branch’s agency for policy research and continuing education.

The Federal Judicial Center was created Federal judges, Federal defenders, and by act of December 20, 1967 (28 U.S.C. nonjudicial court personnel, including 620), to further the development and probation officers, pretrial services adoption of improved judicial officers, and clerks’ office employees; administration in the courts of the —conducts empirical and exploratory United States. research and evaluation on Federal The Center’s basic policies and judicial processes, court management, activities are determined by its Board, and sentencing and its consequences, which is composed of the Chief Justice usually for the committees of the Judicial of the United States, who is permanent Conference or the courts themselves; Chairman of the Board by statute, and —produces research reports, training two judges of the U.S. courts of appeals, manuals, video programs, and three judges of the U.S. district courts, periodicals about the Federal courts; one bankruptcy judge, and one magistrate judge, all of whom are —provides guidance and advice and elected for 4-year terms by the Judicial maintains data and records to assist Conference of the United States. The those interested in documenting and Director of the Administrative Office of conserving the history of the Federal the United States Courts is also a courts; and permanent member of the Board. —cooperates with and assists other Pursuant to statute the Center: agencies and organizations in providing —develops and administers orientation advice to improve the administration of and continuing education programs for justice in the courts of foreign countries. JUDICIAL BRANCH 83

Sources of Information 273–4140. Fax, 202–273–4025. Federal Judicial History Office. Phone, 202–273– Information may be obtained from the 4180. Fax, 202–273–4025. following offices: Interjudicial Affairs Office. Phone, 202–273–4161. Office of the Director and Deputy Director. Fax, 202–273–4019. Phone, 202–273–4160, or 202–273–4164. Fax, Office of Personnel. Phone, 202–273–4165. Fax, 202–273–4019. 202–273–4019. Research Division. Phone, 202–273–4070. Fax, Electronic Access Selected Federal 202–273–4021. Judicial Center publications are available Planning and Technology Division. Phone, 202– in electronic form through the Internet, 273–4200. Fax, 202–273–4024 at http://www.fjc.gov/. Judicial Education Division. Phone, 202–273– 4052. Fax, 202–273–4023. Publications Single copies of most Court Education Division. Phone, 202–273–4110. Federal Judicial Center publications are Fax, 202–273–4020. available free of charge. Phone, 202– Publications and Media Division. Phone, 202– 273–4153. Fax, 202–273–4025.

For further information, contact the Federal Judicial Center, Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building, One Columbus Circle NE., Washington, DC 20002–8003. For a recorded message and office directory, dial 202–273–4000 on a touch-tone phone.

UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION Suite 2–500, South Lobby, One Columbus Circle NE., Washington, DC 20002–8002 Phone, 202–273–4500

Chairman RICHARD P. CONABOY Vice Chairmen MICHAEL S. GELACAK, MICHAEL GOLDSMITH Commissioners WAYNE A. BUDD, DEANELL R. TACHA, (2 VACANCIES) Commissioners (ex officio)MICHAEL J. GAINES, MARY FRANCES HARKENRIDER Staff Director JOHN H. KRAMER, Acting Deputy Staff Director PAUL K. MARTIN General Counsel JOHN R. STEER Network Administrator JOYCE BOUWKAMP Public Information Specialist MICHAEL COURLANDER Director of Training and Technical Assistance SHARON O. HENEGAN Director of Policy Analysis SUSAN KATZENELSON Director of Monitoring ELIZABETH A. MCGRATH Executive Assistant to the Chairman TIMOTHY B. MCGRATH Chief Deputy General Counsel DONALD A. PURDY, JR. Deputy Director of Training and Technical SUSAN WINARSKY Assistance Legislative Counsel JONATHAN J. WROBLEWSKI Director of Administration (VACANCY)

The United States Sentencing Commission develops sentencing policies and practices for the Federal criminal justice system.

The United States Sentencing independent commission in the judicial Commission was established as an branch of the Federal Government by 84 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC INFORMATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRAINING AND GENERAL COUNSEL CHAIRMAN COMMISSIONERS STAFF DIRECTOR UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION UNITED STATES POLICY ANALYSIS COMPUTER SERVICES MONITORING JUDICIAL BRANCH 85 the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 (28 supervised release revocation provisions. U.S.C. 991 et seq. and 18 U.S.C. 3551 These sentencing guidelines and policy et seq.). The Commission establishes statements are designed to further the sentencing policies and practices for the purposes of just punishment, deterrence, Federal courts, including guidelines incapacitation, and rehabilitation; prescribing the appropriate form and provide fairness in meeting the purposes severity of punishment for offenders of sentencing; avoid unwarranted convicted of Federal crimes. disparity; and reflect advancement in the The Commission is composed of seven knowledge of human behavior as it voting members appointed by the relates to the criminal justice process. President with the advice and consent of the Senate for 6-year terms, and two In addition, the Commission provides nonvoting members. One of the voting training, conducts research on members is appointed Chairman. sentencing-related issues, and serves as The Commission evaluates the effects an information resource for Congress, of the sentencing guidelines on the criminal justice practitioners, and the criminal justice system, advises Congress public. regarding the modification or enactment of statutes relating to criminal law and Sources of Information sentencing matters, establishes a research and development program on Electronic Access Commission sentencing issues, and performs other information and materials may be related duties. obtained electronically. Electronic In executing its duties, the bulletin board by modem, 202–273– Commission promulgates and distributes 4709. Internet, http://www.ussc.gov/. to Federal courts and to the U.S. Guideline Application Assistance Probation System guidelines to be used Helpline Phone, 202–273–4545. in determining sentences to be imposed Public Information Information in criminal cases, general policy concerning Commission activities is statements regarding the application of available from the Office of guidelines, and policy statements on the Communications. Phone, 202–273– appropriate use of probation and 4590.

For further information, contact the Office of Communications, United States Sentencing Commission, Suite 2–500, South Lobby, One Columbus Circle NE., Washington, DC 20002–8002. Phone, 202–273–4590.

Executive Branch

?87

EXECUTIVE BRANCH

THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES WILLIAM J. CLINTON

Article II, section 1, of the Constitution provides that ‘‘[t]he executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, ... together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term ... .’’ In addition to the powers set forth in the Constitution, the statutes have conferred upon the President specific authority and responsibility covering a wide range of matters (United States Code Index). The President is the administrative head of the executive branch of the Government, which includes numerous agencies, both temporary and permanent, as well as the 14 executive departments.

THE CABINET

The Cabinet, a creation of custom and tradition dating back to George Washington’s administration, functions at the pleasure of the President. Its purpose is to advise the President upon any subject, relating to the duties of the respective offices, on which he requests information (pursuant to Article II, section 2, of the Constitution).

The Cabinet is composed of the heads of the 14 executive departments—the Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs, and the Attorney General. Additionally, in the Clinton administration, Cabinet-level rank has been accorded to: the Chief of Staff to the President; the Director of Central Intelligence; the Chairman, Council of Economic Advisers; the Counselor to the President; the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency; the Director, Federal Emergency Management Agency; the Director, Office of Management and Budget; the Director, Office of National Drug Control Policy; the Administrator, Small Business Administration; the U.S. Representative to the United Nations; and the U.S. Trade Representative. The Vice President also participates in Cabinet meetings, and from time to time, other individuals are invited to participate in discussions of particular subjects. A Secretary to the Cabinet is designated to provide for the orderly handling and followup of matters brought before the Cabinet.

89 90 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL THE VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

THE VICE PRESIDENT AL GORE

Article II, section I, of the Constitution provides that the President ‘‘shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years ... together with the Vice President ... .’’ In addition to his role as President of the Senate, the Vice President is empowered to succeed to the Presidency, pursuant to Article II and the 20th and 25th amendments to the Constitution. The executive functions of the Vice President include participation in Cabinet meetings and, by statute, membership on the National Security Council and the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution.

EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT Under authority of the Reorganization Act of 1939 (5 U.S.C. 133–133r, 133t note), various agencies were transferred to the Executive Office of the President by the President’s Reorganization Plans I and II of 1939 (5 U.S.C. app.), effective July 1, 1939. Executive Order 8248 of September 8, 1939, established the divisions of the Executive Office and defined their functions. Subsequently, Presidents have used Executive orders, reorganization plans, and legislative initiatives to reorganize the Executive Office to make its composition compatible with the goals of their administrations.

The White House Office 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20500 Phone, 202–456–1414

Chief of Staff to the President ERSKINE B. BOWLES Assistants to the President and Deputy Chiefs SYLVIA M. MATHEWS, JOHN D. of Staff PODESTA Assistant to the President and Cabinet KITTY HIGGINS Secretary Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff to VICTORIA RADD the Chief of Staff Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff to MELANNE VERVEER the First Lady Assistant to the President and Deputy Counsel BRUCE LINDSEY to the President Assistant to the President and Director of ANN LEWIS Communications Assistant to the President and Director of MICKEY IBARRA Intergovernmental Affairs Assistant to the President and Director of CRAIG T. SMITH Political Affairs Assistant to the President and Director of BOB NASH Presidential Personnel Assistant to the President and Director of MARIA ECHAVESTE Public Liaison Assistant to the President and Director of STEPHANIE STREETT Scheduling EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 91

Assistant to the President and Director of MICHAEL A. WALDMAN Speechwriting Assistant to the President and Director of DONALD BAER Strategic Planning Assistant to the President and Press Secretary MICHAEL MCCURRY Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary TODD STERN Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy BRUCE N. REED and Director of the Domestic Policy Council Assistant to the President for Economic Policy GENE SPERLING and Director of the National Economic Council Assistant to the President for International DANIEL K. TARULLO Economic Affairs Assistant to the President for Management and JODIE R. TORKELSON Administration Assistant to the President for National Security SAMUEL R. BERGER Affairs Counsel to the President CHARLES F. RUFF Counselor to the President DOUGLAS B. SOSNIK Counselor to the President and Special Envoy THOMAS F. MCLARTY III for the Americas Senior Advisor to the President and Director of JOHN HILLEY Legislative Affairs Senior Advisor to the President for Policy and RAHM I. EMANUEL Strategy and Executive Assistant to the Chief of Staff for Policy Senior Advisor to the President for Policy IRA MAGAZINER Development Deputy Assistant to the President and Chief of MARSHA SCOTT Staff for Presidential Personnel Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy STEPHEN B. SILVERMAN Cabinet Secretary Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy ELLEN LOVELL Chief of Staff to the First Lady Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy CHERYL MILLS Counsel to the President Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy SUSAN A. BROPHY Director of Legislative Affairs Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy PATSY L. THOMASSON Director of Presidential Personnel Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy JAMES TERRY EDMONDS Director of Speechwriting Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy LORRAINE MCHUGH WYTKIND Press Secretary for Media Affairs and Operations Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy PHILLIP M. CAPLAN Staff Secretary Deputy Assistant to the President and Director DAN K. ROSENTHAL of Advance Deputy Assistant to the President and Director MARSHA BERRY of Communications Deputy Assistant to the President and Director NANCY HERNREICH of Oval Office Operations 92 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Deputy Assistant to the President and Director ALAN SULLIVAN of the White House Military Office Deputy Assistant to the President for Domestic ELENA KAGAN Policy Deputy Assistant to the President for Economic KATHLEEN M. WALLMAN Policy and Chief of Staff and Counselor to the National Economic Council Deputy Assistant to the President for Health CHRISTOPHER C. JENNINGS Policy Deputy Assistant to the President for Legislative ALPHONSO MALDON Affairs Deputy Assistant to the President for Legislative JANET MURGUIA Affairs (House) Deputy Assistant to the President for National DONALD L. KERRICK Security Affairs Deputy Assistants to the President and Deputy EMILY BROMBERG, LYNN CUTLER,F Directors of Intergovernmental Affairs RED DUVAL Deputy Assistants to the President and Deputy MINYON MOORE, KAREN SKELTON Directors of Political Affairs Deputy Assistants to the President and Deputy ROBERT B. JOHNSON, DORIS O. Directors of Public Liaison MATSUI Deputy National Security Advisor and Deputy JAMES B. STEINBERG Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs Special Assistant to the President and Deputy JENNIFER PALMIERI Director of Scheduling Special Assistant to the President and Director KELLY CRAIGHEAD of Advance for the First Lady Special Assistant to the President and Director JAMES A. DORSKIND of Correspondence and Presidential Messages Special Assistant to the President and Director CAROLYN HUBER of Personal Correspondence Special Assistant to the President and Director ANNE M. EDWARDS of Press Advance Special Assistant to the President and Director PATRICIA SOLIS DOYLE of Scheduling for the First Lady Special Assistant to the President and Director ANN F. WALKER of Special Projects Special Assistant to the President and Director MICHAEL D. MALONE of White House Operations Special Assistant to the President and Director, MELINDA BATES Visitors Office Special Assistant to the President and ALISON MUSCATINE Presidential Speechwriter Special Assistant to the President and Press NEEL LATTIMORE Secretary to the First Lady Special Assistant to the President and Records JANIS F. KEARNEY Manager Special Assistant to the President and Senior RICHARD SOCARIDES Advisor for Public Liaison Special Assistant to the President and Senior D. VANESSA WEAVER Advisor to the Director of Presidential Personnel EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 93

Special Assistant to the President and Social ANN STOCK Secretary Special Assistant to the President for ELI ATTIE Communications Special Assistant to the President for Domestic CYNTHIA RICE Policy Special Assistant to the President for Legislative DONALD F. GOLDBERG Affairs Special Assistant to the President for Legislative JEFFREY FORBES Affairs and Staff Director Special Assistant to the President for Policy THOMAS FREEDMAN Planning Special Assistant to the President for Political LINDA L. MOORE Affairs Special Assistant to the President for Public CHERYL M. CARTER Liaison and Staff Director Special Assistants to the President and MARIE TERESE DOMINGUEZ,C Associate Directors of Presidential HARLES DUNCAN, THOMAS SHEA Personnel Special Assistants to the President and MARILYN DIGIACOBBE, JAY FOOTLIK,D Associate Directors of Public Liaison ANIEL WEXLER Special Assistants to the President and Deputy CATHERINE A. CORNELIUS,C Directors of Presidential Advance HRISTOPHER WAYNE Special Assistants to the President and Deputy JOSEPH LOCKHART, BARRY J. TOIV Press Secretaries Special Assistants to the President and Senior CAROLYN CURIEL, DAVID SHIPLEY Presidential Speechwriters Special Assistants to the President for Cabinet KRIS M. BALDERSTON, ANNE E. Affairs MCGUIRE Special Assistants to the President for ANANIAS BLOCKER, PETER JACOBY,D Legislative Affairs (House) ANIEL TATE, LUCIA WYMAN Special Assistants to the President for PAUL CAREY, BARBARA CHOW,T Legislative Affairs (Senate) RACEY THORNTON Associate Counsels to the President VIRGINIA CANTER, DAWN CHIRWA,P ETER C. ERICHSEN, MICHAEL IMBROSCIO, WILLIAM P. MARSHALL, DIMITRI NIONAKIS,M ICHELLE PETERSON, KAREN POPP, KARL RACINE, ROBERT W. SCHROEDER Senior Counsel ROBERT WEINER Special Associate Counsels to the President ADAM GOLDBERG, SALLY PAXTON,J ONATHAN YAROWSKY Special Counsels to the President LANNY BREUER, LANNY DAVIS,M ICHAEL WAITZKIN

The White House Office serves the President in the performance of the many detailed activities incident to his immediate office.

The staff of the President facilitates and The various Assistants to the President maintains communication with the assist the President in such matters as he Congress, the individual Members of the may direct. Congress, the heads of executive agencies, the press and other information media, and the general public. 94 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Office of the Vice President of the United States Old Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20501 Phone, 202–456–2326

Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff and RONALD A. KLAIN Counselor to the Vice President Deputy Chief of Staff DAVID M. STRAUSS Communications Director and Deputy LORRAINE A. VOLES Assistant to the President Counsel to the Vice President CHARLES BURSON National Security Advisor for the Vice LEON S. FUERTH President Deputy Counsel and Director of Legislative THURGOOD MARSHALL, JR. Affairs for the Vice President Executive Assistant to the Vice President HEATHER MARABETI Special Assistant to the Vice President and SUSAN LISS Chief of Staff to Mrs. Gore Chief Domestic Policy Advisor for the Vice DONALD GIPS President Senior Policy Advisor for the Vice President ELAINE C. KAMARCK Director of Correspondence for the Vice BILL MASON President Director of Scheduling and Advance for the KIMBERLY H. TILLEY Vice President Director of Advance and Deputy Director of LISA BERG Scheduling and Advance for the Vice President Political Director MAURICE DANIEL

The Office of the Vice President serves the Vice President in the performance of the many detailed activities incident to his immediate office.

Council of Economic Advisers Old Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20502 Phone, 202–395–5084

Chairman JANET L. YELLEN Members JEFFREY A. FRANKEL, ALICIA H. MUNNELL Chief of Staff MICHELE M. JOLIN

The Council of Economic Advisers primarily performs an analysis and appraisal of the national economy for the purpose of providing policy recommendations to the President.

The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) of the President by the Employment Act was established in the Executive Office of 1946 (15 U.S.C. 1023). It now EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 95 functions under that statute and advises the President on economic Reorganization Plan No. 9 of 1953 (5 developments; appraises the economic U.S.C. app.), effective August 1, 1953. programs and policies of the Federal The Council consists of three members Government; recommends to the appointed by the President with the President policies for economic growth advice and consent of the Senate. One and stability; assists in the preparation of of the members is designated by the the economic reports of the President to President as Chairman. the Congress; and prepares the Annual The Council analyzes the national Report of the Council of Economic economy and its various segments; Advisers.

For further information, contact the Council of Economic Advisers, Old Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20502. Phone, 202–395–5084.

Council on Environmental Quality Room 360, Old Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20501 Phone, 202–456–6224 722 Jackson Place NW., Washington, DC 20503 Phone, 202–395–5750

Chair KATHLEEN A. MCGINTY Chief of Staff SHELLEY N. FIDLER Deputy Chief of Staff WESLEY WARREN General Counsel DINAH BEAR Associate General Counsel ELISABETH BLAUG Associate Director for Communications BRIAN JOHNSON Associate Director for Congressional Relations MICHELLE DENTON Associate Director for the Global Environment DAVID SANDALOW Associate Director for Land Management and LINDA LANCE Transportation Associate Director for Natural Resources THOMAS JENSEN Associate Director for NEPA RAY CLARK Associate Director for Strategic Planning and BETH VIOLA Outreach Associate Director for Sustainable KEITH LAUGHLIN Development Associate Director for Toxics and BRAD CAMPBELL Environmental Protection Special Assistant to the Chair for Strategic MICHAEL TERRELL Planning and Outreach Special Assistants to the Chair ROBERT KAPLA, PETER UMHOFER Administrative Officer CAROLYN MOSLEY

The Council on Environmental Quality formulates and recommends national policies to promote the improvement of the quality of the environment.

The Council on Environmental Quality The Environmental Quality Improvement (CEQ) was established within the Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 4371 et seq.) Executive Office of the President by the established the Office of Environmental National Environmental Policy Act of Quality (OEQ) to provide professional 1969 (NEPA) (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.). and administrative support for the 96 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Council. The Council and OEQ are decisionmaking. As required by NEPA, collectively referred to as the Council on CEQ evaluates, coordinates, and Environmental Quality, and the CEQ mediates Federal activities; advises and Chair, who is appointed by the assists the President on both national President, serves as the Director of OEQ. and international environmental policy The Council develops policies which matters; and prepares the President’s bring into productive harmony the annual environmental quality report to Nation’s social, economic, and Congress. In addition, it oversees Federal environmental priorities, with the goal of agency and department implementation improving the quality of Federal of NEPA.

For further information, contact the Information Office, Council on Environmental Quality, 722 Jackson Place NW., Washington, DC 20503. Phone, 202–395–5750. Fax, 202-456-2710. Internet, http:// www.whitehouse.gov/ceq.

National Security Council Old Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20506 Phone, 202–456–1414

Members: The President WILLIAM J. CLINTON The Vice President AL GORE The Secretary of State MADELEINE K. ALBRIGHT The Secretary of Defense WILLIAM S. COHEN Statutory Advisers: Director of Central Intelligence GEORGE J. TENET, Acting Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff GEN. JOHN M. SHALIKASHVILI, USA Standing Participants: The Secretary of the Treasury ROBERT E. RUBIN U.S. Representative to the United Nations BILL RICHARDSON Chief of Staff to the President ERSKINE B. BOWLES Assistant to the President for National Security SAMUEL R. BERGER Affairs Assistant to the President for Economic Policy GENE SPERLING Officials: Assistant to the President for National Security SAMUEL R. BERGER Affairs Deputy Assistants to the President for National DONALD L. KERRICK, JAMES B. Security Affairs STEINBERG Executive Secretary GLYN T. DAVIES

The National Security Council was The National Security Council is established by the National Security Act chaired by the President. Its statutory of 1947, as amended (50 U.S.C. 402). members, in addition to the President, The Council was placed in the Executive are the Vice President and the Office of the President by Reorganization Secretaries of State and Defense. The Plan No. 4 of 1949 (5 U.S.C. app.). Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the statutory military adviser to the EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 97

Council, and the Director of Central to attend meetings pertaining to their Intelligence is its intelligence adviser. jurisdictions; other officials are invited, The Secretary of the Treasury, the U.S. as appropriate. Representative to the United Nations, the The Council advises and assists the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Assistant to the President in integrating all aspects of President for Economic Policy, and the national security policy as it affects the Chief of Staff to the President are invited United States—domestic, foreign, to all meetings of the Council. The military, intelligence, and economic—in Attorney General and the Director of conjunction with the National Economic National Drug Control Policy are invited Council.

For further information, contact the National Security Council, Old Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20506. Phone, 202–456–1414.

Office of Administration Old Executive Office Building 725 Seventeenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20503 Phone, 202–395–6963

Director ADA L. POSEY, Acting General Counsel MARK LINDSAY Associate Director for Facilities Management MICHAEL HARMAN Associate Director for Financial Management JURG HOCHULI Associate Director for General Services CHARLES L. SIGMAN, Acting Associate Director for Human Resources MARY COUTTS BECK Associate Director for Information Systems and CHARLES D. BENJAMIN Technology Associate Director for Library and Research MARY ANN NOWELL Services

The Office of Administration was units within the Executive Office of the established within the Executive Office President. The services provided include of the President by Reorganization Plan information, personnel, and financial No. 1 of 1977 (5 U.S.C. app.). The management; data processing; library Office was activated, effective December services; records maintenance; and 4, 1977, by Executive Order 12028 of general office operations, such as mail, December 12, 1977. The Office of Administration provides messenger, printing, procurement, and administrative support services to all supply services.

For further information, contact the Office of the Director, Office of Administration, Washington, DC 20503. Phone, 202–456–2861. 98 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL SERVICES RESEARCH LIBRARY AND SYSTEMS GENERAL COUNSEL INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT DIRECTOR'S OFFICE GENERAL SERVICES OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION OFFICE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BUREAU CUSTOMER SERVICE FACILITIES MANAGEMENT EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 99 Office of Management and Budget Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20503 Phone, 202–395–3080

Director FRANKLIN D. RAINES Deputy Director JACOB J. LEW Deputy Director for Management JOHN KOSKINEN Associate Director for Legislative Affairs CHARLES KIEFFER, Acting Associate Director for Administration (VACANCY) Senior Advisor to the Director REBECCA CULBERSON Senior Advisor to the Deputy Director JILL BLICKSTEIN Senior Advisor to the Deputy Director for WILLIAM HALTER Management General Counsel ROBERT DAMUS Associate Director for Communications LARRY HAAS Associate Director for Economic Policy JOSEPH MINARIK Assistant Director for Budget BARRY ANDERSON Deputy Assistant Director for Budget PHIL DAME Analysis and Systems Deputy Assistant Director for Budget Review DICK EMERY and Concepts Assistant Director for Legislative Reference JAMES C. MURR Associate Director for National Security and GORDON ADAMS International Affairs Deputy Associate Director, National Security PHEBE VICKERS Division Deputy Associate Director, International PHILIP DUSAULT Affairs Division Associate Director for Human Resources KENNETH APFEL Deputy Associate Director for Human BARRY WHITE Resources Associate Director for Health and Personnel NANCY-ANN MIN Deputy Associate Director for Health BARRY CLENDENIN Deputy Associate Director for VA/Personnel BRUCE LONG Associate Director for General Government MICHAEL DEICH Deputy Associate Director, Transportation, KENNETH SCHWARTZ Commerce, Justice, and Services Division Deputy Associate Director, Housing, ALAN RHINESMITH Treasury, and Finance Division Associate Director for Natural Resources, T.J. GLAUTHIER Energy, and Science Deputy Associate Director, Natural RONALD COGSWELL Resources Division Deputy Associate Director, Energy and KATHY PEROFF Science Division Administrator, Office of Information and SALLY KATZEN Regulatory Affairs Deputy Administrator for Information and DONALD R. ARBUCKLE Regulatory Management Controller EDWARD DESEVE Deputy Controller NORWOOD JACKSON Administrator, Office of Federal Procurement STEVEN KELMAN Policy 100 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Associate Administrator for Procurement ALLAN BROWN Policy Development Associate Administrator for Procurement Law STEVEN SCHOONER Development

The Office of Management and Budget evaluates, formulates, and coordinates management procedures and program objectives within and among Federal departments and agencies. It also controls the administration of the Federal budget, while routinely providing the President with recommendations regarding budget proposals and relevant legislative enactments.

The Office of Management and Budget —to assist in considering, clearing, (OMB), formerly the Bureau of the and, where necessary, preparing Budget, was established in the Executive proposed Executive orders and Office of the President pursuant to proclamations; Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1939 (5 —to plan and develop information U.S.C. app.), effective July 1, 1939. systems that provide the President with By Executive Order 11541 of July 1, program performance data; 1970, all functions transferred to the —to plan, conduct, and promote President of the United States by part I of evaluation efforts that assist the President Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1970 (5 in assessing program objectives, U.S.C. app.) were delegated to the performance, and efficiency; Director of the Office of Management —to keep the President informed of and Budget, to be carried out by the the progress of activities by Government Director under the direction of the agencies with respect to work proposed, President. Reorganization Plan No. 1 of initiated, and completed, together with 1977 (5 U.S.C. app.) and Executive the relative timing of work between the orders issued pursuant to that plan several agencies of the Government, all further amended the functions of OMB. to the end that the work programs of the The Office’s primary functions are: several agencies of the executive branch —to assist the President in developing of the Government may be coordinated and maintaining effective government by and that the moneys appropriated by the reviewing the organizational structure Congress may be expended in the most and management procedures of the economical manner, barring overlapping executive branch to ensure that the and duplication of effort; and intended results are achieved; —to assist in developing efficient —to improve the economy, efficiency, coordinating mechanisms to implement and effectiveness of the procurement Government activities and to expand processes by providing overall direction interagency cooperation; of procurement policies, regulations, —to assist the President in preparing procedures, and forms. the budget and in formulating the Government’s fiscal program; Sources of Information —to supervise and control the Employment Various civil service administration of the budget; examinations and registers are used for —to assist the President by clearing filling positions, such as economist, and coordinating departmental advice on budget examiner, and management proposed legislation and by making analyst. Inquiries on employment should recommendations effecting Presidential be directed to the Human Resources action on legislative enactments, in Division, Office of Administration, accordance with past practice; Washington, DC 20500. Phone, 202– —to assist in developing regulatory 395–1088. reform proposals and programs for Inquiries Contact the Office of paperwork reduction, especially Administration, Office of Management reporting burdens of the public; and Budget, New Executive Office EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 101 TRANSPORTATION, COMMERCE, JUSTICE, AND SERVICES DIVISION TRANSPORTATION BRANCH COMMERCE BRANCH JUSTICE/GSA BRANCH HOUSING, TREASURY, AND FINANCE DIVISION FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS BRANCH TREASURY BRANCH HOUSING BRANCH GENERAL GOVERNMENT AND FINANCE STATUTORY OFFICES HUMAN RESOURCES COMMERCE AND LANDS BRANCH HUMAN RESOURCES AND HOUSING BRANCH INFORMATION POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY BRANCH NATURAL RESOURCES BRANCH STATISTICAL POLICY BRANCH OFFICE OF FEDERAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY OFFICE OF INFORMATION AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS HUMAN RESOURCES DIVISION EDUCATION BRANCH LABOR BRANCH INCOME MAINTENANCE BRANCH FOR MANAGEMENT DEPUTY DIRECTOR DIRECTOR DEPUTY HEALTH AND PERSONNEL HEALTH DIVISION HEALTH FINANCING BRANCH HEALTH PROGRAMS AND SERVICES BRANCH HHS UNIT VA/PERSONNEL DIVISION OPM, POSTAL SERVICE, AND EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT BRANCH VETERANS AFFAIRS BRANCH DIRECTOR RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFFICES OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIVISION STATE/USIA BRANCH ECONOMICS AFFAIRS BRANCH NATIONAL SECURITY DIVISION INTELLIGENCE BRANCH OPERATIONS/SUPPORT BRANCH FORCE/STRUCTURE/INVESTMENT BRANCH STAFF OFFICES ADMINISTRATION COMMUNICATIONS ECONOMIC POLICY GENERAL COUNSEL LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS OMB-WIDE SUPPORT RESOURCES-DEFENSE-INTERNATIONAL BRANCH BUDGET REVIEW BUDGET ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMS BUDGET REVIEW AND CONCEPTS LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE ECONOMICS-SCIENCE-GEN. GOVT. BRANCH LABOR-WELFARE-PERSONNEL BRANCH ENERGY AND SCIENCE NATURAL RESOURCES, ENERGY AND SCIENCE DIVISION ENERGY BRANCH SCIENCE AND SPACE BRANCH WATER AND POWER BRANCH NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION AGRICULTURE BRANCH ENVIRONMENT BRANCH INTERIOR BRANCH 102 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Building, Washington, DC 20503. Domestic Assistance are for sale by the Phone, 202–395–3080. Superintendent of Documents, Publications The Budget of the U.S. Government Printing Office, Government, The Budget System and Washington, DC 20402. Concepts, and Catalog of Federal

For further information, contact the Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20503. Phone, 202–395–3080.

Office of National Drug Control Policy Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC 20503 Phone, 202–395–6700

Director BARRY R. MCCAFFREY Deputy Director HOOVER ADGER, M.D. Chief of Staff JANET L. CRIST Director of Programs, Budget, and Evaluation JOHN CARNEVALE Legal Counsel PATRICIA SEITZ Deputy Director for Demand Reduction DAN SCHECTER, Acting Deputy Director for Supply Reduction BOB BROWN, Acting Associate Director for State and Local Affairs JOHN NAVARETTE, Acting Assistant Director for Legislative Affairs CAROL BERGMAN Director, Counter-Drug Technology ALBERT BRANDENSTEIN Assessment Center

The Office of National Drug Control Policy coordinates Federal, State, and local efforts to control illegal drug abuse and devises national strategies to effectively carry out antidrug activities.

The Office of National Drug Control Control Strategy to be submitted to the Policy was established by the National Congress by the President. The Director Narcotics Leadership Act of 1988 (21 advises the President regarding necessary U.S.C. 1501 et seq.), effective January changes in the organization, 29, 1989, as amended by the Violent management, budgeting, and personnel Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act allocation of Federal agencies involved of 1994 (21 U.S.C. 1502, 1506, 1508). in drug enforcement activities, and is The Director of National Drug Control also responsible for notifying Federal Policy is appointed by the President with agencies if their policies are not in the advice and consent of the Senate. compliance with their responsibilities The Director is assisted by the Deputy under the National Drug Control Director for Demand Reduction and the Strategy. Deputy Director for Supply Reduction. The Bureau of State and Local Affairs is Sources of Information a separate division of the Office, headed Employment Inquiries regarding by an Associate Director for National employment should be directed to the Drug Control Policy. Personnel Section, Office of National The Director of National Drug Control Drug Control Policy (phone, 202–395– Policy is responsible for establishing 6748) or the Executive Office, Office of policies, objectives, and priorities for the Administration (phone, 202–395–5892). National Drug Control Program, and for Publications To receive ONDCP annually promulgating a National Drug publications about drugs and crime, to EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 103 STRATEGIC PLANNING BUDGET PROGRAMS EVALUATION AND EVALUATION SUPPLY REDUCTION PROGRAMS, BUDGET, PRODUCTION/TRAFFICKING PUBLIC AFFAIRS SOURCE COUNTRY SUPPORT INTELLIGENCE REGIONS DIRECTOR CHIEF OF STAFF STATE AND LOCAL ADMINISTRATION DEPUTY DIRECTOR JUSTICE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT HIGH INTENSITY DRUG TRAFFICKING AREAS OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY EDUCATION TREATMENT PREVENTION TECHNOLOGY SPECIFIC DRUGS LEGAL COUNSEL DEMAND REDUCTION LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS 104 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL get specific drug-related data, to obtain meet your needs, contact the ONDCP customized bibliographic searches, and Drugs and Crime Clearinghouse. Phone, to find out about data availability and 800–666–3332. Fax, 301–251–5212. E- other information resources that may mail, [email protected].

For further information, contact the Office of National Drug Control Policy, Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC 20503. Phone, 202–395–6700.

Office of Policy Development

Domestic Policy Council Room 216, Old Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20502 Phone, 202–456–2216

Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy BRUCE N. REED and Director of the Domestic Policy Council Senior Advisor to the President for Policy IRA MAGAZINER Development Deputy Assistant to the President for Domestic ELENA KAGAN Policy Deputy Assistant to the President for Health CHRISTOPHER C. JENNINGS Policy Special Assistant to the President and Chief of PAUL WEINSTEIN, JR. Staff to the Domestic Policy Council Special Assistant to the President and Senior JONATHAN PRINCE Policy Advisor Special Assistant to the President for Policy THOMAS FREEDMAN Planning Special Assistants to the President for Domestic JOSE CERDA, MICHAEL COHEN,J Policy ENNIFER KLEIN, CYNTHIA RICE Director of National AIDS Policy SANDRA THURMAN

National Economic Council Room 235, Old Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20502 Phone, 202–456–6630

Assistant to the President for Economic Policy GENE SPERLING and Director of the National Economic Council Assistant to the President for International DANIEL K. TARULLO Economic Affairs Deputy Assistant to the President and Chief of KATHLEEN M. WALLMAN Staff and Counselor to the National Economic Council Special Assistant to the President and Senior ROBERT KYLE Director of International Economic Affairs Special Assistant to the President for Economic ELLEN SEIDMAN Policy and Director to the National Economic Council Special Assistants to the President for ANNE LEWIS, DOROTHY ROBYN,J Economic Policy AKE SIEWERT EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 105

The Office of Policy Development is comprised of the Domestic Policy Council and the National Economic Council, which are responsible for advising and assisting the President in the formulation, coordination, and implementation of domestic and economic policy. The Office of Policy Development also provides support for other policy development and implementation activities as directed by the President.

Domestic Policy Council

The Domestic Policy Council was domestic policy agenda and ensures established on August 16, 1993, by coordination and communication among Executive Order 12859. The Council the heads of relevant Federal offices and oversees development and agencies. implementation of the President’s

National Economic Council

The National Economic Council was President. The Council also ensures that created on January 25, 1993, by economic policy decisions and programs Executive Order 12835, to coordinate are consistent with the President’s stated the economic policymaking process and goals, and monitors the implementation provide economic policy advice to the of the President’s economic goals.

Office of Science and Technology Policy Old Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20502 Phone, 202–395–7347; Fax, 202–456–6022

Assistant to the President for Science and JOHN H. GIBBONS Technology, and Director Associate Director for Environment ROSINA BIERBAUM, Acting Associate Director for National Security and KERRI-ANN JONES, Acting International Affairs Associate Director for Science CLIFFORD GABRIEL, Acting Associate Director for Technology HENRY KELLY, Acting Executive Secretary for the National Science ANGELA PHILLIPS DIAZ and Technology Council and the President’s Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology

The Office of Science and Technology The Office serves as a source of Policy was established within the scientific, engineering, and technological Executive Office of the President by the analysis and judgment for the President National Science and Technology Policy, with respect to major policies, plans, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 and programs of the Federal (42 U.S.C. 6611). Government. In carrying out this 106 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL mission, the Office advises the President and assistance to the President, the of scientific and technological Office of Management and Budget, and considerations involved in areas of Federal agencies throughout the Federal national concern, including the budget development process; and assists economy, national security, health, the President in providing leadership and foreign relations, and the environment; coordination for the research and evaluates the scale, quality, and effectiveness of the Federal effort in development programs of the Federal science and technology; provides advice Government.

For further information, contact the Office of Science and Technology Policy, Old Executive Office Building, Washington, DC 20502. Phone, 202–395–7347. Internet, http://www.whitehouse.gov/ostp.html.

Office of the United States Trade Representative 600 Seventeenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20508 Phone, 202–395–3230

United States Trade Representative CHARLENE BARSHEFSKY Deputy U.S. Trade Representative JEFFREY LANG (Washington) Deputy U.S. Trade Representative (Geneva) (VACANCY) Chief of Staff NANCY LEAMOND Senior Counsel and Negotiator IRA SHAPIRO Special Trade Negotiator PETER SCHER Counselor to the U.S. Trade Representative ROBERT NOVICK General Counsel SUSAN ESSERMAN Chief Textile Negotiator RITA HAYES Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for PHYLLIS JONES Intergovernmental Affairs and Public Liaison Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for JANE BRADLEY Monitoring and Enforcement Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Public/ JAY ZIEGLER Media Affairs Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for ELIZABETH ARKY Congressional Affairs Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for DAVID WALTERS Economic Affairs Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Policy FRED MONTGOMERY Coordination Special Counsel for Finance and Investment J. PATE FELTS Policy Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for SEAN DARRAGH Agricultural Affairs Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Trade JON ROSENBAUM and Development Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for World DOROTHY DWOSKIN Trade Organization (WTO) and Multilateral Affairs Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Industry JOSEPH PAPOVICH, Acting Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for China ROBERT CASSIDY EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 107

Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Asia DONALD PHILLIPS and the Pacific Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Europe CATHY NOVELLI, Acting and the Mediterranean Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for JENNIFER HAVERKAMP Environment and Natural Resources Associate U.S. Trade Representative for PETER ALLGEIER Western Hemisphere Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for North (VACANCY) American Affairs Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for WENDY CUTLER Services, Investment, and Intellectual Property Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for JOHN HOPKINS Administration

The United States Trade Representative is responsible for directing all trade negotiations of and formulating trade policy for the United States.

The Office of the United States Trade and other multilateral institutions when Representative was created as the Office such negotiations deal primarily with of the Special Representative for Trade trade and commodity issues; Negotiations by Executive Order 11075 —other bilateral and multilateral of January 15, 1963. The Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2171) established the negotiations when trade, including East- Office as an agency of the Executive West trade, or commodities is the Office of the President charged with primary issue; administering the trade agreements —negotiations under sections 704 and program under the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 734 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. U.S.C. 1654), the Trade Expansion Act of 1671c and 1673c); and 1962 (19 U.S.C. 1801), and the Trade —negotiations concerning direct Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2101). Other powers and responsibilities for investment incentives and disincentives coordinating trade policy were assigned and bilateral investment issues to the Office by the Trade Act of 1974 concerning barriers to investment. and by the President in Executive Order The Omnibus Trade and 11846 of March 27, 1975, as amended. Competitiveness Act of 1988 codified Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1979 (5 these prior authorities and added U.S.C. app.), implemented by Executive additional authority, including the Order 12188 of January 4, 1980, implementation of section 301 actions charged the Office with responsibility for (regarding enforcement of U.S. rights setting and administering overall trade policy. It also provides that the United under international trade agreements). States Trade Representative shall be chief The Office is headed by the United representative of the United States for: States Trade Representative, a Cabinet- —all activities concerning the General level official with the rank of Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; Ambassador, who is directly responsible —discussions, meetings, and to the President. There are three Deputy negotiations in the Organization for United States Trade Representatives, who Economic Cooperation and also hold the rank of Ambassador, two Development when such activities deal located in Washington and one in primarily with trade and commodity issues; Geneva. The Chief Textile Negotiator —negotiations in the United Nations also holds the rank of Ambassador. Conference on Trade and Development 108 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The United States Trade Private Investment Corporation, and Representative serves as an ex officio serves on the National Advisory Council member of the Boards of Directors of the for International Monetary and Financial Export-Import Bank and the Overseas Policy.

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Office of the United States Trade Representative, 600 Seventeenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20506. Phone, 202–395–3230. Departments

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Fourteenth Street and Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20250 Phone, 202–720–2791

SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE DAN GLICKMAN Deputy Secretary RICHARD ROMINGER Under Secretary for Farm and Foreign DALLAS SMITH, Acting Agricultural Services Deputy Under Secretaries DALLAS SMITH JAMES SCHROEDER Administrator, Farm Service Agency RANDY WEBER, Acting Administrator, Foreign Agricultural Service GUS SCHUMACHER Administrator, Risk Management Agency KEN ACKERMAN Under Secretary for Food, Nutrition, and MARY ANN KEEFFE, Acting Consumer Services Deputy Under Secretary MARY ANN KEEFFE Administrator, Food and Consumer Service BILL LUDWIG Under Secretary for Food Safety THOMAS BILLY, Acting Administrator, Food Safety and Inspection THOMAS BILLY Service Under Secretary for Natural Resources and JAMES LYONS Environment Deputy Under Secretary for Forestry BRIAN E. BURKE Deputy Under Secretary for Conservation TOM HEBERT Chief, Forest Service MIKE DOMBECK Chief, Natural Resources Conservation PAUL W. JOHNSON Service Under Secretary for Research, Education, and CATHERINE WOTEKI, Acting Economics Deputy Under Secretary FLOYD HORN Administrator, Agricultural Research Service EDWARD B. KNIPLING, Acting Administrator, Cooperative State Research, BOBBY H. ROBINSON Education, and Extension Service Administrator, Economic Research Service SUSAN E. OFFUTT Administrator, National Agricultural Statistics DONALD BAY Service Under Secretary for Rural Development JILL LONG-THOMPSON Deputy Under Secretaries ARTHUR C. CAMPBELL INGA SMULKSTYS Administrator, Rural Business-Cooperative DAYTON WATKINS Service Administrator, Rural Housing Service JAN SHADBURN, Acting Administrator, Rural Utilities Service WALLY BEYER 109 110 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Assistant Secretary for Congressional Relations DAVE CARLIN Assistant Secretary for Marketing and MICHAEL DUNN Regulatory Programs Deputy Assistant Secretary SHIRLEY WATKINS Administrator, Agricultural Marketing Service LON HATAMIYA Administrator, Animal and Plant Health TERRY MEDLEY Inspection Service Administrator, Grain Inspection, Packers, JAMES R. BAKER and Stockyards Administration Assistant Secretary for Administration PEARLIE S. REED, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary CHRISTINE PYTEL, Acting Chairman, Board of Contract Appeals EDWARD HOURY Judicial Officer WILLIAM G. JENSON Chief Judge, Administrative Law Judges VICTOR PALMER Director, Office of Operations PRISCILLA CAREY, Acting Director, Civil Rights LLOYD E. WRIGHT, Acting Director, Human Resources Management ROGER L. BENSEY Director, Procurement and Property W.R. ASHWORTH Management Chief Information Officer ANNE F. THOMSON REED Deputy Chief Information Officer IRA L. HOBBS Chief Financial Officer IRWIN T. DAVID, Acting Deputy Chief Financial Officer IRWIN T. DAVID General Counsel JAMES GILLILAND Deputy General Counsel BONNIE LUKEN Inspector General ROGER C. VIADERO Deputy Inspector General JOYCE N. FLEISCHMAN Director, Office of Communications THOMAS S. AMONTREE Chief Economist KEITH COLLINS Director, Office of Risk Assessment and ALWYNELLE S. AHL Cost-Benefit Analysis Chairman, World Agricultural Outlook GERALD BAUGE Board Director, Office of Budget and Program STEPHEN B. DEWHURST Analysis Director, National Appeals Division NORMAN COOPER Director, Office of Small and Disadvantaged SHARRON HARRIS Business Utilization Director, Office of the Executive Secretariat LYNNE FINNERTY [For the Department of Agriculture statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 7, Part 2]

The Department of Agriculture works to improve and maintain farm income and to develop and expand markets abroad for agricultural products. The Department helps to curb and to cure poverty, hunger, and malnutrition. It works to enhance the environment and to maintain production capacity by helping landowners protect the soil, water, forests, and other natural resources. Rural development, credit, and conservation programs are key resources for carrying out national growth policies. Department research findings directly or indirectly benefit all Americans. The Department, through inspection and grading services, safeguards and ensures standards of quality in the daily food supply.

The Department of Agriculture (USDA) U.S.C. 2201), and was administered by a was created by act of May 15, 1862 (7 Commissioner of Agriculture until 1889 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 111 UNDER SECRETARY FOR RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE COOPERATIVE STATE RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND EXTENSION SERVICE ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS SERVICE UNDER SECRETARY FOR FOOD SAFETY FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE DIRECTOR OF COMMUNICATIONS POLICY ANALYSIS AND COORDINATION CENTER OFFICE OF OPERATIONS ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES JUDICIAL OFFICER BOARD OF CONTRACT APPEALS ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR ADMINISTRATION EXECUTIVE OPERATIONS FOOD AND CONSUMER SERVICE UNDER SECRETARY FOR FOOD, NUTRITION, AND CONSUMER SERVICES SECRETARY DEPUTY SECRETARY DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR MARKETING AND REGULATORY PROGRAMS AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE GRAIN INSPECTION, PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS ADMINISTRATION GENERAL INSPECTOR DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OF DEPARTMENT UNDER SECRETARY FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE RURAL HOUSING SERVICE RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR CONGRESSIONAL RELATIONS GENERAL COUNSEL UNDER SECRETARY FOR FARM AND FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL SERVICES FARM SERVICE AGENCY FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL SERVICE RISK MANAGEMENT AGENCY OFFICER CHIEF FINANCIAL FOREST SERVICE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE UNDER SECRETARY FOR NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT 112 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

(5 U.S.C. 511, 514, 516). By act of Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. February 9, 1889 (7 U.S.C. 2202, 2208, 6901 note). 2212), the powers and duties of the In carrying out its work in the program Department were enlarged. The mission areas, USDA relies on the Department was made the eighth support of departmental administration executive department in the Federal staff, as well as the Office of the Chief Financial Officer, Office of Government, and the Commissioner Communications, Office of became the Secretary of Agriculture. The Congressional and Intergovernmental Department was reorganized under the Relations, Office of the Inspector Federal Crop Insurance Reform and General, and the Office of the General Department of Agriculture Counsel.

Rural Development

The rural development mission of USDA Rural Business-Cooperative Service is to assist rural Americans in using their The mission of the Rural Business- abilities to improve their quality of life. Cooperative Service (RBS) is to enhance To accomplish this, USDA works to the quality of life for all rural Americans foster new cooperative relationships by providing leadership in building among Government, industry, and competitive businesses and cooperatives communities. The mission is carried out that can prosper in the global by the Rural Housing Service, which marketplace. To meet business credit includes rural housing and rural needs in under-served areas, RBS business programs are usually leveraged community facility loan and grant with commercial, cooperative, or other programs; the Rural Business- private sector lenders. RBS business Cooperative Service, which includes programs include: business and cooperative development Business and Industry Guaranteed Loans programs; and the Rural Utilities Service, This program helps create jobs and which includes telephone, electric, stimulates rural economies by providing water, and sewer programs. financial backing for rural businesses. Approximately 1,580 rural development The program guarantees up to 80 field offices provide frontline delivery of percent of a loan made by a commercial all rural development loan and grant lender. Loan proceeds may be used for programs at the local level. working capital, machinery and equipment, buildings and real estate, The Empowerment Zone and and certain types of debt refinancing. Enterprise Community Initiative Office Loan guarantees can be extended to provides technical assistance, training, loans made by commercial or other monitoring, and support to USDA field authorized lenders in rural areas (all staff and communities participating in areas other than cities of more than the initiative. Focusing on communities 50,000 people and their immediately of greatest need, with severe problems of adjacent urban or urbanizing areas). long-term endemic poverty, the program Assistance under the Business and works with other USDA agencies, Industry Guaranteed Loan Program is available to virtually any legally Federal agencies, State and local organized entity, including a governments, and private organizations cooperative, corporation, partnership, and universities in a combined effort to trust, or other profit or nonprofit entity, develop and promote comprehensive Indian tribe or federally recognized tribal community and economic development group, municipality, county, or other in rural America. political subdivision of a State. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 113

Applicants need not have been denied equity investments in rural private credit elsewhere to apply for this business enterprises. The program is program. The maximum aggregate available in rural areas (all areas other guaranteed loan(s) amount that can be than cities of more than 50,000 people offered to any one borrower under this and their immediately adjacent urban or program is $25 million. urbanizing areas). Business and Industry Direct Loans Rural Business Enterprise Grants These This program provides loans to public grants help public bodies, nonprofit entities and private parties who cannot corporations, and federally recognized obtain credit from other sources. Loans Indian tribal groups finance and facilitate to private parties can be made for development of small and emerging improving, developing, or financing private business enterprises located in business and industry, creating jobs, and rural areas (all areas other than cities of improving the economic and more than 50,000 people and their environmental climate in rural immediately adjacent urbanized or communities, including pollution urbanizing areas). Grant funds can pay abatement. Assistance is available in for the acquisition and development of rural areas (all areas other than cities of land and the construction of buildings, more than 50,000 people and their plants, equipment, access streets and immediately adjacent urban or roads, parking areas, utility and service urbanizing areas). extensions, refinancing, and fees for Eligible applicants include any legally professional services, as well as organized entity, including a technical assistance and related training, cooperative, corporation, partnership, startup costs and working capital, trust, or other profit or nonprofit entity, financial assistance to a third party, Indian tribe or federally recognized tribal production of television programs group, municipality, county, any other targeted to rural residents, and rural political subdivision of a State, or distance learning networks. individuals. Loans are available to those Rural Business Opportunity Grants who cannot obtain credit elsewhere and This program promotes sustainable for public bodies. The maximum economic development in rural aggregate loan amount that can be communities with exceptional needs. offered to any one borrower is $10 Funds are provided for technical million. assistance, training, and planning Intermediary Relending Program Loans activities that improve economic These loans finance business facilities conditions. Applicants must be located and community development projects in in rural areas (all areas other than cities rural areas, including cities with of more than 50,000 people and their populations of less than 25,000. The immediately adjacent urban or Service lends these funds to urbanizing areas). Nonprofit corporations intermediaries, which in turn provide and public bodies are eligible for a loans to recipients who are developing maximum of $1.5 million per grant. business facilities or community Rural Economic Development Loans and development projects. Eligible Grants These loans and grants finance intermediaries include public bodies, economic development and job creation nonprofit corporations, Indian tribes, and projects based on sound economic plans cooperatives. in rural areas having a population of less Rural Venture Capital Demonstration than 2,500 residents. Loans and grants Program To demonstrate the usefulness are available to any Rural Utilities of guarantees to attract increased Service electric or telecommunications investment in private business enterprises borrower to assist in developing rural in rural areas, this program designates up areas from an economic standpoint, to to 10 community development venture create new job opportunities, and to capital organizations to establish a rural help retain existing employment. Loans business private investment pool to make at zero interest are made primarily to 114 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL finance business startup ventures and users on a variety of sustainable business expansion projects. Grants are agricultural practices that include both made to telephone and electric utilities cropping and livestock operations. It to establish revolving loan programs offers reliable, practical information on operated at the local level. The revolving production techniques and practices that loan program provides capital to reduce costs and that are nonprofit entities and municipal environmentally friendly. Farmers can organizations to finance community request such information by telephone at facilities which promote job creation in 800–346–9140 (toll-free). rural areas; for facilities which extend or National Sheep Industry Improvement improve medical care to rural residents; Center The Center promotes strategic and for facilities which promote development activities to strengthen and education and training to enhance enhance the production and marketing marketable job skills for rural residents. of sheep and goat products in the United Cooperative Services This program States. It works to improve infrastructure helps farmers and rural communities development, business development, and become self-reliant through the use of market and environmental research and cooperative organizations. Studies are designs unique responses to the needs of conducted to support cooperatives that the industries for their long-term market farm products, purchase sustainable development. The Center’s production supplies, and perform related board of directors oversees its activities business services. These studies and operates a revolving fund for loans concentrate on the financial, and grants. organizational, legal, social, and For further information, contact Rural economic aspects of cooperative activity. Development, Office of Communication, Public Technical assistance and research is Affairs, Room 5037–S, Department of Agriculture, provided to improve cooperative Fourteenth Street and Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20250–0320. Phone, 202–720– performance in organizing new 6903. cooperatives, merging existing cooperatives, changing business Rural Housing Service structures, and developing strategies for growth. Applied research is conducted to The Rural Housing Service (RHS) give farmers and rural communities provides loans to rural residents and expert assistance pertaining to their communities unable to obtain credit cooperatives. The program also collects from commercial sources at reasonable rates and terms. These borrowers must and publishes statistics regarding the role have a reasonable chance for success. and scope of cooperative activity in U.S. The Service guarantees loans made by agriculture. The Service’s bimonthly commercial lenders for modest rural magazine, Rural Cooperatives, reports housing. It also makes direct loans to current developments and research for low-income rural residents. Rural cooperative management leadership. residents and communities may apply for Rural Cooperative Development Grants these loans at approximately 1,580 local These grants finance the establishment Rural Development offices. and operation of centers for cooperative The Service operates under Title V of development. The primary purpose of the Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. this program is to enhance the economic 1471) and the Consolidated Farm and condition of rural areas through the Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1921). development of new cooperatives and It seeks to do business as the lender of improving operations of existing first opportunity rather than the lender of cooperatives. Eligible applicants are last resort. nonprofit organizations, including The Service provides financial and institutions of higher education. management assistance through the Appropriate Technology Transfer for following types of loans: Rural Areas This program provides Guaranteed Single-Family Housing information to farmers and other rural (SFH) Loan Programs The Service DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 115 guarantees loans made by commercial Direct and Guaranteed Multi-Family lenders to moderate-income rural Housing Loans Loans are made to residents. Eligible applicants must have private, nonprofit corporations, sufficient income and acceptable credit consumer cooperatives, State or local but lack the downpayment to secure a public agencies, and individuals or loan without assistance. The Service organizations operating on a profit or provides up to 100 percent financing for limited profit basis to provide rental or eligible borrowers and guarantees cooperative housing in rural areas for participating lenders against most losses. persons of very low, low, and moderate Direct Single-Family Housing Loan income. For direct loans, no Program Section 502 loans are made downpayment is required from nonprofit to very low and low income families for organizations. A 3 or 5 percent housing in rural areas. Loans can be downpayment is required from other made to build, purchase, repair, and applicants. The maximum term is 50 refinance homes. The maximum term is years, and the interest rate may be 38 years. Loans may be made for 100 reduced to 1 percent to make rents percent of the appraised value. The basic affordable to very low and low income interest rate is determined periodically, families. Rental assistance may be based on the cost of money. Borrowers available to defray rent paid by very low may qualify for annual subsidy on the income families. Guaranteed loans bear loan, which can reduce the interest rate an interest rate negotiated by the lender to as low as 1 percent. Cosigners on and borrower. Interest credit is available promissory notes may be permitted for on a small number of loans to assist with applicants who may lack repayment affordability to very low income families. ability. Farm Labor Housing Loans and Grants Builders may obtain ‘‘conditional Farm labor housing loans and grants commitments’’ as assurances to a builder enable farmers, public or private or seller that if their houses meet RHS nonprofit organizations, or units of local lending requirements, RHS may make government to build, buy, or rehabilitate loans to qualified applicants. farm labor housing. The interest rate is 1 Home Improvement and Repair Loans percent and is repaid over 33 years. and Grants An owner-occupant may Grants may be made in connection with obtain a section 504 loan of up to a loan to a public/private nonprofit $15,000, or in the case of senior organization or unit of government to citizens, a grant of up to $7,500, to ensure affordability of the units to farm remove health and safety hazards from a workers. home. These loans, available to very low Housing Preservation Grants These income families, are made at 1 percent grants are made to a public body or interest. public/private nonprofit organization to Self-Help Housing Loans Self-help provide assistance to homeowners and direct SFH loans assist groups of six to landlords to repair and rehabilitate eight very low and low income families housing for very low and low income to build their own home by providing families in rural areas. Financial materials and the skilled labor which assistance provided by grantees may they cannot furnish themselves. The include loans, grants, interest reduction families must agree to work together on on commercial credit, or similar each other’s homes until they are assistance. Up to 20 percent of the grant complete. Rates and terms are the same may be used for program administration. as the direct SFH program. Housing the Homeless The Service Rural Housing Site Loans Loans are offers SFH real-estate-owned property to also available to private or public nonprofit organizations or public bodies nonprofit organizations to purchase sites for transitional housing for the homeless. for the development of housing for very Qualifying organizations may lease low and low income families. Loans are nonprogram property if they can show a repayable in 2 years. documented need in the community for 116 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL the type of housing use proposed and bodies. With RUS assistance, rural the financial ability to meet proposed electric utilities have obtained financing housing costs. to construct electric generating plants Community Program Loans Direct and and transmission and distribution lines to guaranteed loans and grants are provide reliable electric service. authorized to public and quasi-public Telecommunications Program In 1949, bodies, nonprofit associations, and RUS (then the Rural Electrification certain Indian tribes for essential Administration) was authorized to make community facilities such as health care, loans to provide telephone service in public safety, and public services. rural areas. Congress directed that the Necessary related equipment may also rural telephone program be conducted to be purchased. The interest rate is set ‘‘assure the availability of adequate quarterly for direct loans and is based on telephone service to the widest yields of municipal bonds. Guaranteed practicable number of rural users of such loans bear an interest rate negotiated by service.’’ About 75 percent of the the lender and the borrower. The Service telephone systems financed by the guarantees a lender against losses up to agency are commercial companies, and 90 percent of principal and interest. about 25 percent are subscriber-owned Community facility assistance may be cooperatives. provided to towns populated up to Loans Loans are made in accordance 20,000. Nondiscrimination in with the Act and are subject to the employment and occupancy is required. provisions of the Federal Credit Reform For further information, contact Rural Act of 1991. By law, RUS direct loans Development, Office of Communication, Public are made or insured at a municipal rate, Affairs, Room 5037–S, Department of Agriculture, but not greater than 7 percent. In cases Fourteenth Street and Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20250–0320. Phone, 202–720– of hardship, the Administrator may 6903. approve loans at an interest rate of 5 percent. Rural Utilities Service The Service also obtains funds from The Rural Utilities Service (RUS) is a the Department of the Treasury’s Federal credit agency that assists rural electric Financing Bank (FFB), which it lends to and telephone utilities in obtaining borrowers, primarily for large-scale financing and administers a nationwide electric and telecommunication facilities, water and waste loan and grant program at an interest rate equal to the cost of to improve the quality of life and money paid by FFB, plus one-eighth of 1 promote economic development in rural percent. America. A total of 890 rural electric Supplemental Financing A 1973 and 900 rural telephone utilities in 47 statement of congressional policy—not States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, part of the law—said, in part, ‘‘. .. that Guam, the Republic of the Marshall rural electric and telephone systems Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, should be encouraged and assisted in and the Federated States of Micronesia developing their resources and ability to have received financial assistance. achieve the financial strength needed to Approximately 7,200 rural communities enable them to satisfy their credit needs are currently served through financial from their own financial organizations assistance received from water and and other sources at reasonable rates waste loans and grants. and terms consistent with the loan Electric Program The Rural applicant’s ability to pay and Electrification Act of 1936, as amended achievement of the act’s objectives.’’ (7 U.S.C. 901–950b), authorizes RUS to When RUS approves electric loans, it provide loans for improving electric requires most borrowers to obtain 30 service to persons in rural areas, as percent of their loan needs from defined by the Bureau of the Census. nonagency sources without an agency Preference is given to nonprofit and guarantee. These nonagency sources cooperative associations and to public include the National Rural Utilities DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 117

Cooperative Finance Corporation, which Guaranteed loans may be made for is owned by electric cooperatives, and the same purpose as direct loans. They the National Bank for Cooperatives. are made and serviced by lenders such Telecommunications borrowers obtain as banks and savings and loan supplemental financing from the Rural associations. Normally, guarantees will Telephone Bank (RTB), a U.S. agency not exceed 80 percent on any loss of established in 1971. Loans are made to interest or principal on the loan. telecommunications systems able to Water and Waste Disposal Grants meet RTB requirements. Bank loans are Grants may be made to reduce water made for the same purposes as loans and waste disposal costs to a reasonable made to RUS but bear interest at a rate level for users of the system. Grants may consistent with the Bank’s cost of be made, in some instances, up to 75 money. percent of eligible project costs. The Rural Telephone Bank is managed Requirements for applicants are the same by a 13-member board of directors. The as for loans. Administrator of RUS serves as Governor Emergency Community Water of the Bank until conversion to private Assistance Grants Grants may be made ownership, control, and operation. This will take place when 51 percent of the up to 100 percent of project costs to class A stock issued to the United States assist rural communities experiencing a and outstanding at any time after significant decline in quantity or quality September 30, 1995, has been fully of drinking water. Grants can be made redeemed and retired. The Bank board to rural cities or towns with populations holds at least four regularly scheduled not exceeding the State’s meetings a year. Activities of RTB are nonmetropolitan median household carried out by RUS employees and the income requirement. Department’s Office of the General Technical Assistance and Training Counsel. Grants Grants are available for Water and Waste Direct and nonprofit organizations to provide rural Guaranteed Loan Program Direct loans water and waste system officials with may be made to develop water and technical assistance and training on a wastewater systems, including solid wide range of issues relating to the waste disposal and storm drainage, in delivery of water and waste service to rural areas, cities, and towns with a rural residents. Legislation requires that population of 10,000 or less. at least 1 percent but no more than 3 Funds are available to public entities, percent of the funds appropriated for such as municipalities, counties, special- water and waste disposal grants be set purpose districts, and Indian tribes. In aside for these grants. addition, funds may be made available Solid Waste Management Grants to nonprofit corporations. Priority is Grants are available for nonprofit given to public entities in areas with less organizations and public bodies to than 5,500 people to restore a provide technical assistance and training deteriorating water supply or to improve, to rural areas and towns with enlarge, or modify a water facility or an populations under 10,000 to reduce or inadequate waste facility. Preference is eliminate pollution of water resources given to requests which involve the and improve planning and management merging of small facilities and those of solid waste facilities. serving low-income communities. Rural Water Circuit Rider Technical Applicants must be unable to obtain Assistance Program Since 1980, the funds from other sources at reasonable National Rural Water Association has rates and terms. The maximum term for provided, by contract, technical all loans is 40 years. However, no assistance to rural water systems. Circuit repayment period will exceed State riders assist rural water districts with statutes or the useful life of the facility. solving operational, financial, and Interest rates may be obtained from management problems. The assistance USDA Rural Development field offices. may be requested by rural water systems 118 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL or by RUS. When circuit riders are not Development Act of 1990, which gave working on specific requests, they call borrowers authority to defer RUS loan on rural water systems to offer payments to make investments in rural assistance. The program complements development. RUS water and waste loan supervision responsibilities. For further information, contact the Rural Utilities Service, Department of Agriculture, Room 4051–S, Distance Learning and Medical Link Fourteenth Street and Independence Avenue SW., Grant Program This program was Washington, DC 20250–0320. Phone, 202–720– established by the Rural Economic 1255.

Alternative Agricultural Research and Commercialization Center

As an independent entity within USDA, applicants. Universities and similar the Alternative Agricultural Research and institutions may participate as well. Commercialization Center (AARC) The Center can supply financial provides and monitors financial assistance at the precommercialization assistance for the development and stage of a project—that point in a project commercialization of new nonfood and when the costs are the greatest and the nonfeed products made from ability to obtain lending from traditional agricultural/forestry commodities. By sources is the most difficult. Financial law, AARC is administered by a 9- assistance is in the form of a repayable member board comprising cooperative agreement and includes a representatives for processing, financial, repayment portion that recognizes the producer, and scientific interests. investment risk taken by AARC. The Center’s mission is to assist the Applicants are expected to provide at private sector in closing the gap between least a 1:1 match when seeking funding research results and commercialization from AARC. The Center receives an of industrial nonfood and nonfeed annual appropriation from Congress and products made from farm and forestry operates under a revolving fund. As materials. It also seeks to expand market Center-funded projects become opportunities through development of profitable and reimburse AARC, the value-added industrial products and money will be returned to the fund to promotion of environmentally friendly help finance future projects. products. Any private individual or firm For further information, contact the Alternative may apply for assistance. While most of Agricultural Research and Commercialization Center, Fourteenth Street and Independence the Center’s clients are small firms, Avenue SW., Cotton Annex, Second Floor nonprofit organizations and large Mezzanine, Washington, DC 20250–0400. Phone, businesses have also been successful 202–690–1634.

Marketing and Regulatory Programs

This mission area includes marketing of Agriculture on April 2, 1972, under and regulatory programs other than those the authority of Reorganization Plan No. concerned with food safety. 2 of 1953 (5 U.S.C. app.) and other authorities. The Service administers Agricultural Marketing Service standardization, grading, inspection, certification, market news, marketing The Agricultural Marketing Service orders, and research, promotion, and (AMS) was established by the Secretary regulatory programs. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 119

Market News The Service provides to milk market administrators, resident current, unbiased information to grading programs, and State and private producers, processors, distributors, and laboratory programs. others to assist them in the orderly The Service also administers the marketing and distribution of farm Pesticide Data Program which, in commodities. Information is collected on cooperation with States, samples and supplies, demand, prices, movement, analyzes fresh fruits and vegetables for location, quality, condition, and other pesticide residues. It shares residue test market data on farm products in specific results with the Environmental Protection markets and marketing areas. The data is Agency and other public agencies. disseminated nationally via a modern Food Quality Assurance Under a satellite system and is shared with governmentwide quality assurance several countries. The Service also assists program, AMS is responsible for the countries in developing their own development and revision of marketing information systems. specifications used by Federal agencies Standardization, Grading, and Classing in procuring food for military and Grade standards have been established civilian uses. The Service coordinates for nearly 240 agricultural commodities and approves certification programs to help buyers and sellers trade on designed to ensure that purchased agreed-upon quality levels. Standards are products conform to the specification developed with the benefit of views from requirements. those in the industries directly affected Section 32 Programs Under section 32 and others interested. The Service also of the act of August 24, 1935, as participates in developing international amended (7 U.S.C. 612c), 30 percent of standards to facilitate trade. customs receipts collected during each Grading and classing services are calendar year are automatically provided to certify the grade and quality appropriated for expanding outlets for of products. These grading services are various commodities. Portions of these provided to buyers and sellers of live funds are transferred to the Food and cattle, swine, sheep, meat, poultry, eggs, Nutrition Service of USDA and to the rabbits, fruits, vegetables, tree nuts, Department of Commerce. Remaining peanuts, dairy products, and tobacco. funds are used to purchase commodities Classing services are provided to buyers for the National School Lunch Program and sellers of cotton and cotton and other feeding programs, for products. These services are mainly diversion to other outlets, and for voluntary and are provided upon request administering agreement and order and for a fee. The Service also is programs. responsible for the certification of Regulatory Programs The Service turpentine and other naval stores administers several regulatory programs products, and the testing of seed. designed collectively to protect Laboratory Testing The Service producers, handlers, and consumers of provides scientific and laboratory agricultural commodities from financial support to its commodity programs loss or personal injury resulting from relating to testing of microbiological and careless, deceptive, or fraudulent chemical factors in food products marketing practices. Such regulatory through grading, certification, programs encourage fair trading acceptance, and regulatory programs; practices in the marketing of fruits and testing of peanuts for aflatoxin; testing of vegetables, require truth in seed labeling imported flue-cured and burley tobacco and in advertising. for pesticide residues; and testing seeds Under the Egg Products Inspection Act for germination and purity. The agency (21 U.S.C. 1031–1056), the Service also carries out quality assurance and provides voluntary laboratory analyses of safety oversight activities with respect to egg products, and controls the the Service’s commodity division disposition of restricted shell eggs—eggs laboratory and testing activities relating that are a potential health hazard. 120 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Marketing Agreements and Orders Federal laws. These programs provide These programs, under authority of the farmers with a means to finance and Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of operate various research, promotion, and 1937 (7 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), help to information activities for cotton, establish and maintain orderly marketing potatoes, eggs, milk and dairy products, conditions for certain commodities. Milk beef, pork, wool, mohair, honey, marketing orders establish minimum watermelon, limes, mushrooms, prices that handlers or distributors are soybeans, fresh cut flowers, popcorn, required to pay producers. Programs for kiwi fruit, and canola and rapeseed. fruits, vegetables, and related specialty Transportation Programs The Service is crops like nuts and spearmint oil help also responsible for the development of stabilize supplies and market prices. In an efficient transportation system for some cases, they also authorize research rural America that begins at the farm and market development activities, gate and moves agricultural and other including advertising supported by rural products through the Nation’s assessments that handlers pay. Through highways, railroads, airports, and orderly marketing, adjusting the supply waterways, and into the domestic and to demand, and avoiding unreasonable international marketplace. To fluctuations during the marketing season, accomplish this, AMS conducts the income of producers is increased by economic studies and analyses of these normal market forces, and consumer systems, and represents agricultural and interests are protected through quality rural transportation interests in policy and quantity control. and regulatory forums. To provide direct Federal marketing orders originate assistance to the transportation with a request from a producer group to community, AMS supplies research and the Secretary of Agriculture. The technical information to producers, Secretary can conduct hearings and producer groups, shippers, exporters, referenda based on the producer group’s rural communities, carriers, proposal for a marketing order. Producer governmental agencies, and universities. and handler assessments finance their The Service carries out responsibilities operations. of USDA’s former Office of In carrying out the Government role, Transportation under the Agricultural the Service ensures that persons Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1281), interested in the development and the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 operation of the programs have a fair (7 U.S.C. 1621), the Agricultural Trade hearing and that each marketing order Development and Assistance Act of works according to Federal law and 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1691), the Rural established rules and guidelines. Development Act of 1972 (7 U.S.C. Plant Variety Protection Program 1921 note), the International Carriage of Under authority of the Plant Variety Perishable Foodstuffs Act (7 U.S.C. Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 2321 et seq.), 4401), and the Cooperative Marketing the Service administers a program that Act of 1926 (7 U.S.C. 451–457). provides for the issuance of ‘‘certificates Organic Standards Under the Organic of plant variety protection.’’ These Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. certificates afford developers of novel 501–522), the Service assists a National varieties of sexually reproduced plants Organic Standards Board in developing exclusive rights to sell, reproduce, national organic standards. import, or export such varieties, or use Other Programs Other marketing them in the production of hybrids or service activities include financial grants different varieties for a period of 18 to States for marketing improvement years. projects. The agency also has Research and Promotion Programs The responsibility for the conduct of studies Service monitors certain industry- of the facilities and methods used in the sponsored research, promotion, and physical distribution of food and other information programs authorized by farm products; for research designed to DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 121 improve the handling of all agricultural livestock depredations caused by birds, products as they move from farm to rodents, and predators. consumers; and for increasing marketing Plant Protection and Quarantine efficiency by developing improved Programs Plant protection officials are operating methods, facilities, and responsible for programs to control or equipment for processing, handling, and eradicate plant pests and diseases. These distributing dairy, poultry, and meat programs are carried out in cooperation products. with the States involved, other Federal The Agricultural Marketing Service agencies, farmers, and private manages the Pesticide Recordkeeping organizations. Pest control programs use Program in coordination with the a single tool or a combination of pest National Agricultural Statistics Service control techniques, both chemical and and the Environmental Protection nonchemical, which are both effective Agency. The Service has developed and safe. educational programs and assists State Agricultural quarantine inspection agencies in inspecting applicator officials administer Federal regulations records. that prohibit or restrict the entry of Field Organization Programs and foreign pests and plants, plant products, activities in the field are carried out animal products and byproducts, and other materials that may harbor pests or through a variety of different types of diseases. Inspection service is organizations reporting to their maintained at all major sea, air, border, respective Washington components. and interior ports of entry in the For further information, contact the Information continental United States and in Hawaii, Staff, Agricultural Marketing Service, Department of Alaska, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Agriculture, P.O. Box 96456, Washington, DC 20250. Phone, 202–720–8999. Bahamas, and Bermuda. Services also are provided on a regular or on-call Animal and Plant Health Inspection basis at some 500 outlying ports and Service military installations throughout the country. [For the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Other responsibilities include the statement of organization, see the Code of Federal inspection and certification of domestic Regulations, Title 7, Part 371] commodities for export; regulation of the The Animal and Plant Health Inspection import and export of endangered plant species and of genetically engineered Service (APHIS) was reestablished by the organisms and products that present a Secretary of Agriculture on March 14, plant pest risk; and ensuring that 1977, pursuant to authority contained in imported seed is free of noxious weeds. 5 U.S.C. 301 and Reorganization Plan Veterinary Services Animal health No. 2 of 1953 (5 U.S.C. app.). officials are responsible for programs to The Service was established to protect and improve the health, quality, conduct regulatory and control programs and marketability of U.S. animals and to protect and improve animal and plant animal products. The programs are health for the benefit of man and the carried out through cooperative links environment. In cooperation with State with States, foreign governments, governments, the agency administers livestock producers, and other Federal Federal laws and regulations pertaining Agencies. to animal and plant health and Service officials exclude, control, and quarantine, humane treatment of eradicate animal pests and diseases by animals, and the control and eradication carrying out eradication and control of pests and diseases. Regulations to programs for certain diseases, providing prevent the introduction or interstate diagnostic services, and gathering and spread of certain animal or plant pests or disseminating information regarding diseases are also enforced by the animal health in the United States Service. It also carries out research and through land, air, and ocean ports. They operational activities to reduce crop and also certify as to the health status of 122 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL animals and animal products being biologically sound, environmentally exported to other countries and respond acceptable, and economically feasible, to animal disease incursions or they participate in efforts to educate and epidemics which threaten the health advise farmers and ranchers on proper status of U.S. livestock and poultry. uses of control methods and techniques; The Service also administers a Federal they suppress serious nuisances and law intended to ensure that all veterinary threats to public health and safety biological products, whether developed caused by birds, rodents, and other by conventional or new biotechnological wildlife in urban and rural communities; procedures, used in the diagnosis, and they work with airport managers to prevention, and treatment of animal reduce risks of bird strikes. In addition, disease are safe, pure, potent, and they conduct research into predator-prey effective. The Service regulates firms that relationships, new control methods, and manufacture veterinary biological more efficient and safe uses of present products subject to the act, including methods such as toxicants, repellants licensing the manufacturing and attractants, biological controls, scare establishment and its products, devices, and habitat alteration. inspecting production facilities and For further information, contact Legislative and production methods, and testing Public Affairs, Animal and Plant Health Inspection products under a surveillance program. Service, Department of Agriculture, Washington, Animal Care The Service administers DC 20250. Phone, 202–720–2511. Federal laws concerned with the humane care and handling of all warm- Grain Inspection, Packers, and blooded animals bought, sold, and Stockyards Administration transported—including common The Grain Inspection, Packers, and carriers—in commerce and used or Stockyards Administration (GIPSA) intended for use as pets at the wholesale comprises the former Federal Grain level, or used or intended for use in Inspection Service and the former exhibitions or for research purposes. The Packers and Stockyards Administration. agency also enforces the Horse The primary task of GIPSA is to carry Protection Act of 1970, which prohibits out the provisions of the United States the soring of horses at shows and sales. Grain Standards Act (7 U.S.C. 71 et International Services Service activities seq.), the Packers and Stockyards Act of in the international arena include 1921, as amended (7 U.S.C. 181–229), conducting cooperative plant and animal the Truth in Lending and Fair Credit pest and disease control, eradication, Billing Acts (15 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and and surveillance programs in foreign the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (15 countries. These programs provide a first U.S.C. 1691 et seq.) with respect to firms line of defense for the United States subject to GIPSA. The Administration against threats such as screwworm, also manages the provisions of section medfly, foot-and-mouth disease, and 1324 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 other exotic diseases and pests. The U.S.C. 1631), certifying State central Service also provides international filing systems for notification of liens representation concerning sanitary and against farm products and ensures phytosanitary technical trade issues, and integrity in the inspection, weighing, and manages programs for overseas handling of U.S. grain. preclearance of commodities, The Administration is responsible for passengers, and U.S. military activities. establishing official U.S. standards for Animal Damage Control Animal grain and other assigned commodities, Damage Control officials cooperate with and for administrating a nationwide States, counties, local communities, and official inspection and weighing system. agricultural producer groups to reduce It may, in response to formal application, crop and livestock depredations caused authorize private and State agencies to by birds, rodents, and predators. Using perform official services under the methods and techniques that are authority contained in the act. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 123

Two of GIPSA’s three grain inspection company-owned master scales. The divisions are located in Washington, DC; Administration is the only entity, public the third is located in Kansas City, MO. or private, which connects all railroad Most employees work in field offices track scales to the national standards. around the Nation. Standardization The Administration is Inspection The United States Grain responsible for establishing, maintaining, Standards Act requires that, with some and, as needed, revising official U.S. exceptions, all U.S. export grain be standards. Such standards exist for corn, officially inspected. At export port wheat, rye, oats, barley, flaxseed, locations, inspection is performed by sorghum, soybeans, triticale, sunflower GIPSA or by State agencies that have seed, canola, and mixed grain. It is been delegated export inspection authorized to perform applied research authority by the Administrator. For to develop methods of improving domestic grain, marketed at inland accuracy and uniformity in grading locations, the Administrator designates grain. private and State agencies to provide It is also responsible for official inspection services upon request. standardization and inspection activities Both export and domestic services are for rice, dry beans, peas, lentils, hay, provided on a fee basis. straw, hops, and related processed grain To ensure that the official U.S. grain commodities under the Agricultural standards are applied uniformly Marketing Act of 1946, as amended (7 nationwide, GIPSA’s field offices provide U.S.C. 1621). Although standards no oversight, guidance, and assistance to longer exist for hay, straw, and hops, non-Federal agencies performing GIPSA maintains inspection procedures inspection activities, both at export and for and retains authority to inspect these inland inspection points. Buyers and sellers may request appeal commodities. inspections of original inspection results, Methods Development The first from a field office and then, if Administration’s methods development desired, from GIPSA’s Board of Appeals activities include applied research or and Review. The Administration tests that produce new or improved maintains a quality control program to techniques for measuring grain quality. monitor the national inspection system Examples include new knowledge and to ensure that all field locations gained through study of how to establish accurately and uniformly apply the U.S. the framework for real-time grain grain standards. inspection and develop reference Weighing Official weighing of U.S. methods to maintain consistency and export grain is performed at port standardization in the grain inspection locations by GIPSA or by State agencies system, and the comparison of different that have been delegated export techniques for evaluation of end use weighing authority by the Administrator. quality in wheat. Included in this For domestic grain marketed at inland program area are also the development locations, the weighing services may be of a new wheat classification system, provided by GIPSA or by designated evaluation of prototype wheat hardness private or State agencies. Weighing meters, and adapting measurement services are provided on a fee basis, techniques for pesticides, mycotoxins, upon request. heavy metals, vitamins, and grain odor As with inspection activities, GIPSA for use in the official grain inspection field offices provide oversight, guidance, system. and assistance to non-Federal agencies Compliance The Administration’s performing official weighing services. compliance activities ensure accurate With the support of the Association of and uniform implementation of the act, American Railroads and user fees, it applicable provisions of the Agricultural conducts a railroad track scale-testing Marketing Act of 1946, and related program which includes an annual regulations—including designating States testing service for all State and railroad and private agencies to carry out official 124 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL inspection and weighing functions and poultry, and meat industries are also monitoring, and overseeing and protected against unfair or monopolistic reviewing the operations of such practices of competitors. The act also agencies to ensure adequate protects consumers against unfair performance. business practices in the marketing of The agency administers a registration meats and poultry and against program for all firms that export grain restrictions of competition that could from the United States. In conjunction unduly affect meat and poultry prices. with the Office of the Inspector General, The provisions of the Packers and it carries out a program for investigating Stockyards Act are enforced by reported violations, and initiates investigations of violations of the act followup and corrective actions when with emphasis on payment protection; appropriate. The total compliance detecting instances of commercial program ensures the integrity of the bribery, fraud in livestock marketing, and national inspection and weighing system. false weighing; requiring adequate bond Packers and Stockyards Activities The coverage for commission firms, dealers, Packers and Stockyards Act is an and packers; and the surveillance of antitrust, trade practice, and financial marketing methods at public markets protection law. Its principal purpose is to and in geographical market areas of the maintain effective competition and fair country. trade practices in the marketing of For further information, contact the Grain livestock, meat, and poultry for the Inspection, Packers, and Stockyards Administration, protection of livestock and poultry Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250. producers. Members of the livestock, Phone, 202–720–0219.

Food Safety Food Safety and Inspection Service inspection of processed products during The Food Safety and Inspection Service various stages of production. Under the (FSIS) was established by the Secretary of Egg Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. Agriculture on June 17, 1981, pursuant 1031–1056), the Service conducts to authority contained in 5 U.S.C. 301 mandatory, continuous inspection of the and Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1953 production of liquid, dried, and frozen (5 U.S.C. app.). At that time, the Service egg products, to ensure that egg products was delegated authority for regulating are safe, wholesome, unadulterated, and the meat and poultry industry to ensure accurately labeled. The Service tests that meat and poultry, and meat and samples of egg products, and meat and poultry products moving in interstate and poultry products for microbial and foreign commerce were safe, chemical contaminants to monitor trends wholesome, and accurately labeled. for enforcement purposes. Under the Secretary’s Memorandum No. Facilities and equipment are approved 1010–1, dated October 23, 1994, the by FSIS before inspection is granted, and Service’s authority was extended to each product label must be approved by include the inspection of egg products. the agency before products can be sold. Meat, Poultry, and Egg Products The agency monitors meat and poultry Inspection Federal meat and poultry products in storage, distribution, and inspection is mandatory for the following retail channels; and takes necessary animals and birds used for human food: compliance actions to protect the public, cattle, calves, swine, goats, sheep, including detention of products, lambs, horses (and other equines), voluntary product recalls, court-ordered chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, and seizures of products, administrative guineas. The work includes inspection of withdrawal of inspection, and referral for each animal or bird at slaughter, and criminal prosecution. The Service also DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 125 conducts State programs for the edible products (21 U.S.C. 1031–1056 inspection of meat and poultry products and 7 U.S.C. 1624, respectively). sold in intrastate commerce. The Service maintains a toll-free meat The Service monitors livestock upon and poultry hotline (800–535–4555; in arrival at federally inspected facilities to the Washington metropolitan area, 202– ensure compliance with the Humane 720–5604) to answer questions about Slaughter Act (7 U.S.C. 1901–1906); labeling and safe handling of meat and conducts voluntary reimbursed poultry, meat and poultry products, and inspection for rabbits, other domestic egg products. The hotline is also food animals, and certain egg products accessible (on the same extension) by not covered by the inspection law (7 TDD. U.S.C. 1621–1627); and ensures that inedible egg products and inedible For further information, contact the Director, Food Safety Education and Communications Staff, Food products from meat or poultry, such as Safety and Inspection Service, Department of offal rendered for animal feed, are Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250. Phone, 202– properly identified and isolated from 720–7943. Fax, 202–720–1843.

Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services

The mission of Food, Nutrition, and began in its modern form in 1961, but it Consumer Services (FNCS) is to ensure originated as the Food Stamp Plan to access to nutritious, healthful diets for all help those in need in the 1930’s. The Americans. Through food assistance and National School Lunch Program also has nutrition education, FNCS encourages it roots in Depression-era efforts to help Americans to make healthful food low-income children. Today, its mission choices. Rather than simply providing encompasses teaching children about food, FNCS works to empower people nutrition and improving the nutrition with knowledge of the link between diet standards of school meals. The Needy and health, providing dietary guidance Family Program, which has evolved into based on research. the Food Distribution Program on Indian reservations, was the primary means of Food and Consumer Service food assistance during the Great Depression. The Food and Consumer Service (FCS) The Service works in partnership with administers the USDA food assistance the States in all its programs. State and programs. These programs, which serve local agencies determine most one in six Americans, provide a Federal administrative details regarding safety net to people in need and distribution of food benefits and represent our Nation’s commitment to eligibility of participants, and FCS the principle that no one in this country provides commodities and funding for should fear hunger or experience want. additional food and to cover The goals of the programs are to provide administrative costs. FCS administers the needy persons with access to a more following food assistance programs: nutritious diet, to improve the eating —The Food Stamp Program provides habits of the Nation’s children, and to food benefits through State and local help America’s farmers by providing an welfare agencies to needy persons to outlet for distribution of foods purchased increase their food purchasing power. under farmer assistance authorities. The benefits are used by program Many of the food programs participants to buy food in any retail administered by FCS originated long store that has been approved by the before the agency was established as the Food and Consumer Service to accept Food and Nutrition Service in 1969. The and redeem the benefits. Food Stamp Program, now the —The Special Supplemental Nutrition cornerstone of USDA food assistance, Program for Women, Infants, and 126 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Children (WIC) improves the health of banks, food pantries, soup kitchens, and low-income pregnant, breastfeeding, and other charitable institutions throughout nonbreastfeeding postpartum women, the country, with administrative funds to and infants and children up to 5 years of assist in distribution. age by providing them with specific —The Food Distribution Program on nutritious food supplements, nutrition Indian Reservations and the Trust education, and health care referrals. Territories provides an extensive package —The WIC Farmers’ Market Nutrition of commodities monthly to low-income Program provides WIC participants with households on or near Indian increased access to fresh produce. reservations. This program is Participants receive coupons to purchase administered at the local level by Indian fresh fruits and vegetables from tribal organizations or State agencies. authorized farmers. —The Nutrition Program for the —The Commodity Supplemental Food Elderly provides cash and commodities Program provides an extensive package to States for meals for senior citizens. of foods monthly to low-income The food is delivered through senior pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding citizen centers or meals-on-wheels women, their infants and children under programs. age 6, and the elderly. Nutrition —The Nutrition Assistance Program, education is also provided through this Puerto Rico and the Northern Marianas program. is a block grant program that replaces —The National School Lunch Program the Food Stamp Program in these two supports nonprofit food services in territories. elementary and secondary schools and —The Homeless Children Nutrition in residential child-care institutions to Program reimburses providers for improve the health and nutrition of the nutritious meals served to homeless Nation’s children. More than half the preschool children in emergency meals served through these institutions shelters. are free or at reduced cost. —The Nutrition Education and —The School Breakfast Program Training Program grants funds to States supplements the National School Lunch for the development and dissemination Program by supporting schools in of nutrition information and materials to providing needy children with breakfasts children and for inservice training of that meet established nutritional food service and teaching personnel. standards for free or at reduced cost. No person may be discriminated —The Special Milk Program for against because of race, color, sex, Children provides milk for children in creed, national origin, or handicap in the those schools, summer camps, and programs administered by the Food and child-care institutions that have no Consumer Service. federally supported meal programs. For further information, contact the Public —The Child and Adult Care Food Information Officer, Food and Consumer Service, Program provides cash and commodities Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA 22302. for meals for preschool and school-aged Phone, 703–305–2276. Internet, http:// children in child-care facilities and for www.usda.gov/fcs.htm. functionally impaired adults in facilities Center for Nutrition Policy and that provide nonresidential care for such Promotion individuals. —The Summer Food Service Program The Center coordinates nutrition policy for Children helps various organizations in USDA and provides overall leadership get nutritious meals to needy preschool in nutrition education for the American and school-aged children during the public. It also coordinates with the summer months and during school Department of Health and Human vacations. Services in the review, revision, and —The Emergency Food Assistance dissemination of the Dietary Guidelines Program provides State agencies with for Americans, the Federal Government’s commodities for distribution to food statement of nutrition policy formed by a DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 127 consensus of scientific and medical For further information, contact the Office of Public Information, Center for Nutrition Policy and professionals. Promotion, Suite 200, 1120 20th Street NW., Washington, DC 20036–3406. Phone, 202–418– 2312. Internet, http://www.usda.gov/fcs/cnpp.htm.

Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services

Through the Farm Service Agency (FSA), programs for wheat, rice, corn, grain this mission area administers farm sorghum, barley, oats, oilseeds, tobacco, commodity, crop insurance, and peanuts, upland and extra-long-staple resource conservation programs for cotton, and sugar. It provides operating farmers, and makes loans through a personnel for the Commodity Credit network of State and county offices. Corporation (CCC), which supports the Agency programs are directed at prices of some agricultural commodities agricultural producers or, in the case of through loans and purchases. This loans, at those with farming experience. provides farmers with interim financing and helps maintain balanced and Farm Service Agency adequate supplies of farm commodities, The Federal Agriculture Improvement and their orderly distribution, throughout and Reform Act of 1996 (110 Stat. 888) the year and during times of surplus and significantly changed U.S. agricultural scarcity. Instead of immediately selling policy by removing the link between the crop after harvest, a farmer who income support payments and farm grows one or more of most field crops prices. The law provided that farmers can store the produce and take out a who participated in the wheat, feed ‘‘nonrecourse’’ loan for its value, grains, cotton, and rice programs in any pledging the crop itself as collateral. one of the previous 5 years could enter ‘‘Nonrecourse’’ means that the producer into 7-year production flexibility can discharge debts in full by forfeiting contracts and receive a series of fixed or delivering the commodity to the payments. These payments are Government. independent of farm prices and specific A producer must have entered into a crop production, in contrast to the past, production flexibility contract to be when deficiency payments were based eligible for nonrecourse marketing on farm prices and the production of assistance loans for wheat, feed grains, specific crops. The Federal Government rice, and upland cotton. Any production no longer requires land to be idled or of a contract commodity by a producer denies payments if farmers switch from who has entered into a production their historical crop. The contract, flexibility contract is eligible for loans. however, requires participating producers to comply with existing Nonrecourse loans are also available conservation plans for the farm, wetland for oilseeds, tobacco, peanuts, extra- provisions, and planting flexibility long-staple cotton, raw cane sugar, and provisions, as well as to keep the land in refined beet sugar, regardless of whether agricultural uses. the producer has entered into a The law provided for a one-time production flexibility contract. Price signup which ended August 1, 1996. support for the marketing quota crops— There will be no additional signups tobacco and peanuts—is made available except for land coming out of the through producer loan associations. By Conservation Reserve Program. law, these programs must operate at no Farm Service Agency (FSA) programs net cost to the U.S. Treasury, and no-net are described below. cost and marketing assessments are Commodity Loan Programs The applied to both producers and Agency administers commodity loan purchasers. 128 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Commodity Purchase Programs Under limited, and applicants may have to wait the dairy price support program, CCC until funds become available. buys surplus butter, cheese, and nonfat Conservation Programs The dry milk from processors at announced Conservation Reserve Program protects prices to support the price of milk. These the Nation’s most fragile farmland by purchases help maintain market prices at encouraging farmers to stop growing the legislated support level, and the crops on highly erodible and other commodities are used for hunger relief environmentally sensitive acreage. In both in the United States and in foreign return for planting a protective cover of countries. grass or trees on vulnerable property, the Emergency Assistance In the aftermath owner receives a rental payment each of a natural disaster, FSA makes year of a multi-year contract. Cost-share available a variety of emergency payments are also available to help assistance programs to farmers in establish permanent areas of grass, counties that have been designated or legumes, trees, windbreaks, or plants declared disaster areas, including cost- that improve water quality and give share assistance to producers who do shelter and food to wildlife. not have enough feed to maintain The Agency also works with other livestock because of a loss of a USDA agencies to deliver conservation substantial amount of their normal feed programs, including the Environmental production. Emergency loans are also Quality Incentives Program, which helps available. In the event of a national farmers and ranchers improve their emergency, FSA is responsible for property to protect the environment and ensuring adequate food production and conserve soil and water resources. distribution, as well as the continued For further information, contact the Public Affairs availability of feed, seed, fertilizer, and Staff, Farm Service Agency, Department of farm machinery. Agriculture, Stop 0506, 1400 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20250. Phone, 202–720– Farm Loans The Agency offers direct 5237. Internet, http://www.fsa.usda.gov/. and guaranteed farm ownership and operating loan programs to farmers who Commodity Credit Corporation are temporarily unable to obtain private commercial credit. Often, these are The Commodity Credit Corporation was beginning farmers who can’t qualify for organized October 17, 1933, pursuant to conventional loans because they have Executive Order 6340 of October 16, insufficient net worth. The Agency also 1933, under the laws of the State of helps established farmers who have Delaware, as an agency of the United States. From October 17, 1933, to July 1, suffered financial setbacks from natural 1939, the Corporation was managed and disasters or whose resources are too operated in close affiliation with the limited to maintain profitable farming Reconstruction Finance Corporation. On operations. July 1, 1939, the agency was transferred Under the guaranteed loan program, to the Department of Agriculture by the the Agency guarantees qualifying loans President’s Reorganization Plan No. I of made by conventional agricultural 1939 (5 U.S.C. app.). Approval of the lenders for up to 90 percent of principal. Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Farmers must apply to a conventional Act on June 29, 1948 (15 U.S.C. 714), lender, who then arranges for the subsequently amended, established the guarantee. Corporation, effective July 1, 1948, as an For those unable to qualify for a agency and instrumentality of the United guaranteed loan, FSA also lends directly States under a permanent Federal to borrowers. To qualify for a direct farm charter. ownership or operating loan, the The Corporation stabilizes, supports, applicant must be able to show sufficient and protects farm income and prices, repayment ability and pledge enough assists in maintaining balanced and collateral to fully secure the loan. adequate supplies of agricultural Funding authorities for direct loans are commodities and their products, and DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 129 facilitates the orderly distribution of For further information, contact the Public Affairs Staff, Farm Service Agency, Department of commodities. Agriculture, Stop 0506, 1400 Independence Avenue The Corporation is managed by a SW., Washington, DC 20250. Phone, 202–720– 5237. Internet, http://www.fsa.usda.gov/. For Board of Directors, subject to the general information about Commodity Credit Corporation supervision and direction of the export programs, contact the Information Division, Secretary of Agriculture, who is an ex Foreign Agricultural Service, Department of Agriculture. Phone, 202–720–3448. officio Director and Chairman of the Board. The Board consists of seven Risk Management Agency members (in addition to the Secretary of Agriculture), who are appointed by the Federal crop insurance protects farmers or ranchers from unexpected production President of the United States. losses from natural causes including The Corporation is capitalized at $100 drought, excessive moisture, hail, wind, million and has statutory authority to flooding, hurricanes, tornadoes, and borrow up to $30 billion from the U.S. lightning. It does not cover losses Treasury. It utilizes the personnel and resulting from neglect, poor farming facilities of the Farm Service Agency practices, theft, or low prices. Currently, and, in certain foreign assistance insurance is available for 64 different operations, the Foreign Agricultural crops. Catastrophic crop insurance (CAT) Service to carry out its activities. compensates a farmer for crop losses A commodity office in Kansas City, greater than 50 percent of the MO, has specific responsibilities for the operation’s average yield, at 60 percent acquisition, handling, storage, and of the expected market price. Assistance disposal of commodities and products can be obtained at local FSA offices in held by the Corporation. most States or from private crop Foreign Assistance Under Public Law insurance agents for a nominal 480, the Agricultural Trade Development processing fee. Producers who decide not to buy crop insurance when it is and Assistance Act of 1954, as amended available may still participate in USDA (7 U.S.C. 1691), the Corporation carries commodity, conservation, and credit out assigned foreign assistance activities, programs. However, they must sign a such as guaranteeing the credit sale of waiver agreeing to give up eligibility for U.S. agricultural commodities abroad. emergency crop disaster assistance. Major emphasis is also being directed The Noninsured Crop Disaster toward meeting the needs of developing Assistance Program (NAP) protects nations under the Food for Peace Act of growers of many crops for which Federal 1966 (7 U.S.C. 1691), which further crop insurance is not available. In amends the Agricultural Trade addition, any losses resulting from Development and Assistance Act of natural disasters not covered by the crop 1954. Under these authorities, insurance policy may also be eligible. agricultural commodities are supplied Assistance is available for crops grown and exported to combat hunger and commercially for food and fiber. malnutrition and to encourage economic Floriculture, ornamental nursery development in developing countries. In products, Christmas tree crops, turfgrass addition, the Corporation supplies sod, seed crops, aquaculture, and commodities under the Food for Progress industrial crops are also included. Program to provide assistance to For further information, contact Public Affairs, Risk developing democracies. Management Agency, Department of Agriculture, 1400 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC The Corporation encourages U.S. 20250. financial institutions to provide financing to developing countries under the Export Foreign Agricultural Service Credit Guarantee Programs administered The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) by the Foreign Agricultural Service. has primary responsibility for USDA’s 130 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL overseas market information, access, and support for U.S. agricultural development programs. It also representation. administers USDA’s export assistance The Service has a continuing market and foreign food assistance programs. development program to create, service, The Service carries out its tasks through and expand commercial export markets its network of agricultural counselors, for U.S. agricultural products. It carries attache´s, and trade officers stationed out programs with nonprofit commodity overseas and its U.S.-based team of groups called Cooperators, trade analysts, marketing specialists, associations, and State agriculture negotiators, and other professionals. departments and their regional The Foreign Agricultural Service associations. It manages market maintains a worldwide agricultural opportunity referral services and intelligence and reporting system organizes trade fairs and sales teams. through its attache´ service. This service The Service’s Office of the General consists of a team of professional Sales Manager also oversees agricultural agriculturalists posted in more than 75 functions under the Public Law 480 countries around the world. They Food for Peace Program, title I (7 U.S.C. represent the Department of Agriculture 1701); section 416(b) of the Agricultural and provide information and data on Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1431); the foreign government agricultural policies, Commodity Credit Corporation’s (CCC) analyses of supply and demand Export Credit Guarantee Programs; conditions, commercial trade several other export assistance programs; relationships, and market opportunities. and direct sales of Corporation-owned They report on more than 100 farm surplus commodities. commodities, weather, economic factors, The Commodity Credit Corporation and related subjects that affect Export Credit Guarantee (GSM-102) and agriculture and agricultural trade. the Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee At the Foreign Agricultural Service in (GSM-103) Programs encourage the Washington, DC, agricultural economists and marketing specialists analyze these development or expansion of overseas and other reports. These analyses are markets for U.S. agricultural supplemented by accumulated commodities by providing guarantees on background information and by the Crop private financing of U.S. exports to Condition Assessment system, which foreign buyers purchasing on credit analyzes Landsat satellite weather and terms. other data. The foreign buyer contracts for the To improve access for U.S. farm purchase of U.S. commodities on a products abroad, FAS international trade deferred-payment basis of 3 years or less policy specialists coordinate and direct under GSM–102, or between 3 and 10 USDA’s responsibilities in international years under GSM–103. The foreign trade agreement programs and buyer’s bank issues a letter of credit to negotiations. They maintain an ongoing guarantee payment to the U.S. exporter effort to reduce foreign trade barriers and or an assignee U.S. lending institution. practices that discourage the export of To receive the payment guarantee, the U.S. farm products. exporter registers the sale with CCC prior To follow foreign governmental to export and pays a guarantee fee. The actions that affect the market for U.S. payment guarantee is implemented only agricultural commodities, FAS relies on if the foreign bank fails to pay the its agricultural counselors and attache´s. exporter or the assignee U.S. lending In Washington, a staff of international institution. trade specialists analyzes the trade The Corporation considers coverage policies and practices of foreign on sales of any U.S. agricultural governments to ensure conduct in commodity that has the potential of conformance with international treaty expanding U.S. export markets. A U.S. obligations. During international exporter, private foreign buyer, or negotiations, FAS provides staff and foreign government may submit requests DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 131 that may result in authorized guarantee The Service’s programs enhance U.S. coverage. agriculture’s competitiveness by Several export assistance programs are providing U.S. agriculturalists and designed to counter or offset the adverse scientists with linkages to world effects from competitors’ unfair trade resources. These linkages often produce practices on U.S. agriculture. These new germplasm and technologies that programs include the Export can be vital to improving our current Enhancement Program (EEP) and the agricultural base and producing new and Dairy Export Incentive Program (DEIP). alternative products. They also foster Under EEP, USDA provides relationships and understandings that Corporation-owned commodities or cash result in trade opportunities and as export bonuses to make U.S. strengthened strategic and political ties. commodities more competitive in the The Service is a link between the world marketplace. The DEIP and EEP technical expertise of the U.S. programs are similar, but DEIP is agricultural community and Third World restricted to dairy products. nations. By sharing agricultural The Foreign Agricultural Service is knowledge with less-developed nations, also responsible for sales of Corporation- the United States provides tools to help owned surplus commodities to private build stable economies and a more trade, foreign government, and nonprofit prosperous world. In the process, less- organizations. Direct sales may be developed nations overcome the barriers negotiated on a case-by-case basis and of hunger and poverty and gain the on a cash or credit basis. The only economic means to buy needed goods criteria for financing direct sales are a 3- and services in the world marketplace. year maximum credit plan and the The Service also manages programs to arrangement of suitable payment terms. exchange visits, germplasm, and Another program authorized by the technologies between U.S. and Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and international scientists; supports Trade Act of 1990 is the Market collaborative research projects of mutual Promotion Program, formerly known as interest to the United States and other Targeted Export Assistance (TEA). The nations; taps the U.S. agricultural Market Promotion Program provides community to provide technical assistance in the form of cash or assistance and professional development commodities to trade promotion and training programs to assist economic organizations to help fund their market development in lower income nations; development activities overseas, serves as U.S. liaison with international particularly in those markets where the organizations; and organizes overseas United States encounters unfair trade trade and investment missions. practices by foreign competitors or These activities serve the needs of importers. other USDA agencies, the Agency for The Service helps other USDA International Development, other public agencies, U.S. universities, and others and private institutions, foreign nations, enhance America’s agricultural development banks, and the U.S. competitiveness globally; and increases university and agricultural communities. income and food availability in For further information, contact the Information developing nations by mobilizing Division, Foreign Agricultural Service, Department expertise for agriculturally led economic of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250–1000. growth. Phone, 202–720–7115.

Research, Education, and Economics

This mission area’s main focus is to and technology to provide affordable create, apply, and transfer knowledge food and fiber, ensure food safety and 132 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL nutrition, and support rural development Education, and Economic agencies— and natural resource needs of people by Agricultural Research Service (ARS), conducting integrated national and Cooperative State Research, Education, international research, information, and Extension Service (CSREES), education, and statistical programs and Economic Research Service (ERS), and services that are in the national interest. National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)—are administered by the ARS Agricultural Research Service Administrative and Financial The Agricultural Research Service Management Unit headquartered in conducts research to develop and Washington, DC. transfer solutions to agricultural Research activities are carried out at problems of high national priority. It 104 domestic locations (including Puerto provides information access and Rico) and 3 overseas locations. Much of dissemination to ensure high-quality, this research is conducted in cooperation safe food and other agricultural products; with partners in State universities and assess the nutritional needs of experiment stations, other Federal Americans; sustain a competitive agencies, and private organizations. A agricultural economy; enhance the national program staff, headquartered in natural resource base and the Beltsville, MD, is the focal point in the environment; and provide economic overall planning and coordination of opportunities for rural citizens, ARS’ research programs. Day-to-day communities, and society as a whole. management of the respective programs All administrative and management for specific field locations is assigned to responsibilities of the four Research, eight area offices. Area OfficesÐAgricultural Research Service

Office Address

BELTSVILLE AREAÐBeltsville Agricultural Research Bldg. 003, Beltsville Agricultural Research Ctr. W., Beltsville, Center, National Arboretum, Washington, DC MD 20705 MIDSOUTH AREAÐAL, KY, LA, MS, TN P.O. Box 225, Stoneville, MS 38776 MIDWEST AREAÐIA, IL, IN, MI, MN, MO, OH, WI 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61804 NORTHERN PLAINS AREAÐCO, KS, MT, ND, NE, SD, Suite 150, 1201 Oakridge Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80525±5562 UT, WY NORTH ATLANTIC AREAÐCT, DE, MA, MD, ME, NH, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19118 NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT, WV PACIFIC WEST AREAÐAK, AZ, CA, HI, ID, NV, OR, WA 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710 SOUTH ATLANTIC AREAÐFL, GA, NC, PR, SC, VI, VA P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30613 SOUTHERN PLAINS AREAÐAR, NM, OK, TX Suite 230, 7607 Eastmark Dr., College Station, TX 77840

The National Agricultural Library profiling system for selective searches of (NAL), administered by ARS, provides agricultural data bases is available for information services over a broad range USDA scientists. Citations to the of agricultural interests to a wide cross- agricultural literature are stored in the section of users, from research scientists Agricultural Online Access (AGRICOLA) to the general public. The Library assists data base, available through online its users through a variety of specialized computer systems and on compact disc. information centers. Its staff uses The Library also distributes in the United advanced information technologies to States the AGRIS data base of citations to generate new information products, the agricultural literature prepared by creating an electronic library as it centers in various parts of the world and improves access to the knowledge stored coordinated by the Food and Agriculture in its multimedia collection of more than Organization of the United Nations. 2 million items. For further information, contact the Information Information is made available through Staff, Agricultural Research Service, Department of loans, photocopies, reference services, Agriculture, 6303 Ivy Lane, Room 450, Greenbelt, and literature searches. A subject MD 20770. Phone, 301–344–2340. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 133

Cooperative State Research, water, food, and air; enhanced Education, and Extension Service stewardship and management of natural The Cooperative State Research, resources; healthier, more responsible Education, and Extension Service and more productive individuals, (CSREES) expands the research and families, and communities; and a stable, higher education functions of the former secure, diverse, and affordable national Cooperative State Research Service and food supply. the education and outreach functions of The Service provides research, the former Extension Service. The result extension, and education leadership is better customer service and an through programs in Plant and Animal enhanced ability to respond to national Production, Protection, and Processing; priorities. Natural Resources and Environment; The Service links the research and Rural, Economic, and Social education resources and activities of Development; Families, 4–H, and USDA and works with the following Nutrition; Partnerships; Competitive institutions: land-grant institutions in Research Grants and Awards each State, territory, and the District of Management; Science and Education Columbia; more than 130 colleges of Resources Development; and agriculture; 59 agricultural experiment Communications, Technology, and stations; 57 cooperative extension Distance Education. services; 63 schools of forestry; sixteen The Service’s partnership with the 1890 historically Black land-grant land-grant universities and their institutions and Tuskegee University; 27 representatives is critical to the effective colleges of veterinary medicine; 42 shared planning, delivery, and schools and colleges of family and accountability for research, higher consumer services; twenty-nine 1994 education, and extension programs. Native American land-grant institutions; As a recognized leader in the design, and 127 Hispanic-serving institutions, organization, and application of including 81 members and 45 associate advanced communication technologies members of the Hispanic Association of and in meeting the growing demand for Colleges and Universities. enhanced distance education In cooperation with its partners and capabilities, CSREES provides essential customers, CSREES provides the focus to community access to research and advance a global system of research, education knowledge and connects the extension, and higher education in the private citizen to other Federal food and agricultural sciences and Government information. related environmental and human sciences to benefit people, communities, For further information, contact the Communications, Technology, and Distance and the Nation. Education Office, Cooperative State Research, The Service’s mission emphasizes Education, and Extension Service, Department of partnerships with the public and private Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250–0906. Phone, sectors to maximize the effectiveness of 202–720–4651. Fax, 202–690–0289. TDD, 202– limited resources. Its programs increase 690–1899. E-mail, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.reeusda.gov/. and provide access to scientific knowledge; strengthen the capabilities of Economic Research Service land-grant and other institutions in research, extension, and higher The mission of the Economic Research education; increase access to and use of Service (ERS) is to provide economic and improved communication and network other social science information and systems; and promote informed analysis for public and private decisions decisionmaking by producers, families, on agriculture, food, natural resources, and social conditions in the United and rural America. The Service produces States and globally. These conditions such information for use by the general include improved agricultural and other public and to help the executive and economic enterprises; safer, cleaner legislative branches develop, administer, 134 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and evaluate agricultural and rural National Agricultural Statistics policies and programs. Service The Service produces economic The National Agricultural Statistics information through a program of Service prepares estimates and reports research and analysis on: domestic and on production, supply, price, and other international agricultural developments; statistical indicators of food and items necessary for the orderly operation consumer issues and concerns, including of the U.S. agricultural economy. nutrition education and food assistance, The reports include statistics on field food safety regulation, determinants of crops, fruits and vegetables, dairy, cattle, consumer demand for quality and safety, hogs, sheep, poultry, aquaculture, and and food marketing trends and related commodities or processed developments; agricultural resource and products. Other estimates concern farm environmental issues; and the effect of numbers, farm production expenditures, public and private actions and policies agricultural chemical use, prices on national rural and agricultural received by farmers for products sold, conditions, including the transformation prices paid for commodities and of the rural economy, the financial services, indexes of prices received and performance of the farm sector, and the paid, parity prices, farm employment, implications of changing farm credit and and farm wage rates. financial market structures. The Service prepares these estimates For further information, contact the Information through a complex system of sample Services Division, Economics Research Service, Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC surveys of producers, processors, buyers, 20005–4788. Phone, 202–219–0310. and others associated with agriculture. Information is gathered by mail, Office of Energy and New Uses The telephone, personal interviews, and field Office of Energy and New Uses serves as visits. the focal point for all energy-related matters within the Department. The The 45 State-Federal offices, serving Office is responsible for developing and all 50 States, and the national office coordinating all USDA energy policies; prepare weekly, monthly, annual, and reviewing and evaluating all USDA other periodic reports for free energy and energy-related programs; distribution to the news media, evaluating the economics of new Congress, and survey respondents. The nonfood uses for agricultural crops; reports are available to others free on the serving as economic liaison on new uses Internet, or on a subscription basis. issues; and providing liaison with the Information on crop and livestock Department of Energy and other Federal products appears in about 400 reports agencies and departments on energy issued annually. Cooperative agreements activities that may affect agriculture and with State agencies also permit rural America. A major component of preparation and publication of estimates this is the responsibility for the of individual crops and livestock by coordination and evaluation of the counties in most States. departmental Biofuels Program. The Service performs reimbursable The Office also represents the survey work and statistical consulting Department in meetings with agriculture, services for other Federal and State industry, and consumer groups to discuss agencies and provides technical effects of departmental energy policies, assistance for developing agricultural programs, and proposals on the data systems in other countries. agricultural sector and rural economy. For further information, contact the Executive For further information, contact the Information Assistant to the Administrator, National Agricultural Services Division, Economic Research Service, Statistics Service, Department of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC Washington, DC 20250–2000. Phone, 202–720– 20005–4788. Phone, 202–219–0310. 5141. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 135 Natural Resources and Environment

This mission area is responsible for diversity, and beauty of forests and fostering sound stewardship of 75 associated lands; percent of the Nation’s total land area. —listening to people and responding Ecosystems are the underpinning for the to their diverse needs in making Department’s operating philosophy in decisions; this area, in order to maximize —protecting and managing the stewardship of our natural resources. national forests and grasslands to best This approach ensures that products, demonstrate the sustainable, multiple-use values, services, and uses desired by management concept; people are produced in ways that sustain —providing technical and financial healthy, productive ecosystems. assistance to State and private forest landowners, encouraging them toward Forest Service active stewardship and quality land [For the Forest Service statement of organization, see management in meeting their specific the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 36, Part objectives; 200.1] —providing technical and financial The Forest Service was created by the assistance to cities and communities to Transfer Act of February 1, 1905 (16 improve their natural environment by U.S.C. 472), which transferred the planting trees and caring for their forests; Federal forest reserves and the —providing international technical responsibility for their management from assistance and scientific exchanges to the Department of the Interior to the sustain and enhance global resources Department of Agriculture. The forest and to encourage quality land reserves were established by the management; President from the public domain under —assisting States and communities in authority of the Creative Act of March 3, using the forests wisely to promote rural 1891 (26 Stat. 1103). The protection and economic development and a quality development of the reserves (which rural environment; became the national forests in 1907) are —developing and providing scientific governed by the Organic Act of June 4, and technical knowledge, improving our 1897, as amended (16 U.S.C. 473–478); capability to protect, manage, and use the Multiple Use-Sustained Yield Act of forests and rangelands; and June 12, 1960 (16 U.S.C. 528–531); the —providing work, training, and Forest and Rangeland Renewable education to the unemployed, Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 underemployed, elderly, youth, and the U.S.C. 1601–1610); and the National disadvantaged. Forest Management Act of 1976 (90 Stat. National Forest System The Service 2947). The Weeks Law of March 1, manages 155 national forests, 20 1911, as amended (16 U.S.C. 480), national grasslands, and 8 land allowed the Government to purchase utilization projects on over 191 million and exchange land for national forests. acres in 44 States, the Virgin Islands, and Objectives The Forest Service has the Puerto Rico under the principles of Federal responsibility for national multiple-use and sustained yield. The leadership in forestry. As set forth in law, Nation’s tremendous need for wood and its mission is to achieve quality land paper products is balanced with the management under the sustainable, other vital, renewable resources or multiple-use management concept to benefits that the national forests and meet the diverse needs of people. To grasslands provide: recreation and accomplish this goal, it has adopted natural beauty, wildlife habitat, livestock objectives which include: forage, and water supplies. The guiding —advocating a conservation ethic in principle is the greatest good to the promoting the health, productivity, greatest number in the long run. 136 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

These lands are protected as much as fire prevention and control, organization possible from wildfire, epidemics of management assistance, State forest disease and insect pests, erosion, floods, resource planning, and technology and water and air pollution. Burned implementation. areas get emergency seeding treatment The Service also cooperates with other to prevent massive erosion and stream USDA agencies in providing leadership siltation. Roads and trails are built where and technical assistance for the forestry needed to allow for closely regulated aspects of conservation programs. timber harvesting and to give the public The Service’s State and private forestry access to outdoor recreation areas and program staff also ensure that the Service provide scenic drives and hikes. Picnic, and its cooperators keep abreast of the camping, water-sport, skiing, and other best knowledge and technology in areas are provided with facilities for carrying out its programs, and they help public convenience and enjoyment. to develop technology transfer plans for Timber harvesting methods are used that implementing research results for a will protect the land and streams, assure broad range of potential users. rapid renewal of the forest, provide food Forest Research The Service performs and cover for wildlife and fish, and have basic and applied research to develop minimum impact on scenic and the scientific information and technology recreation values. Local communities needed to protect, manage, use, and benefit from the logging and milling sustain the natural resources of the activities. These lands also provide Nation’s 1.6 billion acres of forests and needed oil, gas, and minerals. Rangelands are improved for millions of rangelands. This research is conducted livestock and game animals. The through a network of 7 forest experiment national forests provide a refuge for stations, a Forest Products Laboratory, many species of endangered birds, and the International Institute of Tropical animals, and fish. Some 34.6 million Forestry, including research work units at acres are set aside as wilderness and 77 project locations throughout the 175,000 acres as primitive areas where United States, Puerto Rico, and the timber will not be harvested. Pacific Trust Islands. Under the authority Cooperation With the States The of the McSweeny-McNary Act of May Service provides national leadership and 22, 1928, as amended and financial and technical assistance to supplemented (45 Stat. 699), research is non-Federal forest landowners, often performed in cooperation with operators, processors of forest products, many of the State agricultural colleges. and urban forestry interests. Through its The Forest Research Service’s strategy cooperative State and private forestry focuses on three major program programs, the Service protects and components: understanding the structure improves the quality of air, water, soil, and functions of forest and range and open space and encourages uses of ecosystems; understanding how people natural resources on non-Federal lands perceive and value the protection, that best meet the needs of the Nation, management, and use of natural while protecting the environment. resources; and determining which Cooperative programs are carried out protection, management, and utilization through the State foresters or equivalent practices are most suitable for State officials, who receive grant funding sustainable production and use of the under the Cooperative Forestry world’s natural resources. Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2101). International Forestry In response to Cooperators at the State and local levels the U.S. commitment to support natural provide the delivery system for most resource conservation around the world, State and private forestry programs. Congress established the International Grant funds and technical assistance Forestry Division within the USDA’s are available for rural forestry assistance, Forest Service. Its mandate is to provide forestry incentives, insect and disease assistance that promotes sustainable control, urban forestry assistance, rural development and global environmental DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 137 stability, particularly in key countries international areas: strategic planning important in global climate change. This and policy development, training and mandate includes a national goal for technical assistance, research and sustainable management of all forests by scientific exchange, and disaster relief. the year 2000, investigating research Human Resource Programs The topics with implications for global forest Service operates the Youth Conservation management, and sharing resource Corps and the Volunteers in the National management experience with colleagues Forests programs and participates with around the world. the Department of Labor on several Responsibility for global stewardship is human resource programs that involve shared by the entire Forest Service. The the Nation’s citizens, both young and Forest Service’s Office of International old, in forestry-related activities. Forestry mobilizes support of all Forest Included in these programs are the Job Service units—Research, National Forest Corps and the Senior Community Service System, State and Private Forestry, Employment Program. These programs Administration, and Programs and annually accomplish millions of dollars Legislation—to work with other worth of conservation work, while governmental agencies, providing participants with such benefits nongovernmental groups, and as training, paid employment, and international organizations in four major meaningful outdoor experience. Field OfficesÐForest Service

Region/Station/Area Address

National Forest System Regions 1ÐRegional Forester 1. Northern Federal Bldg. (P.O. Box 7669), Missoula, MT 59807 2. Rocky Mountain 740 Simms St. (P.O. Box 25127), Lakewood, CO 80225 3. Southwestern 517 Gold Ave. SW., Albuquerque, NM 87102 4. Intermountain 324 25th St., Ogden, UT 84401 5. Pacific Southwest 630 Sansome St., San Francisco, CA 94111 6. Pacific Northwest 333 SW. 1st Ave. (P.O. Box 3623), Portland, OR 97208 8. Southern 1720 Peachtree Rd. NW., Atlanta, GA 30367 9. Eastern 310 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53203 10. Alaska Federal Office Bldg. (P.O. Box 21628), Juneau, AK 99802 Forest and Range Experiment StationsÐDirector Intermountain 324 25th St., Ogden, UT 84401 North Central 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108 Northeastern Suite 200, 100 Matson Ford Rd. (P.O. Box 6775), Radnor, PA 19087±4585 Pacific Northwest 333 SW. 1st Ave. (P.O. Box 3890), Portland, OR 97208 Pacific Southwest 800 Buchanan St. (P.O. Box 245), Albany, CA 94710 Rocky Mountain 240 W. Prospect Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80526 Southern 200 Weaver Blvd. (P.O. Box 2860), Asheville, NC 28804 Forest Products Labora- One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705 tory State and Private Forestry Areas 2ÐDirector Northeastern Suite 200, 100 Matson Ford Rd. (P.O. Box 6775), Radnor, PA 19087±4585 International Institute of Guadecanal St. (Call Box 25000), Rio Piedras, PR 00928 Tropical Forestry 1 There is no Region 7. 2 In Regions 1 through 6, 8, and 10, State and private forestry activities are directed from regional headquarters.

For further information, contact the Public Affairs The Natural Resources Conservation Office, Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 96090, Washington, DC 20090–6090. Service (NRCS), formerly the Soil Phone, 202–720–3760. Conservation Service, has national responsibility for helping America’s Natural Resources Conservation farmers, ranchers, and other private Service landowners develop and carry out voluntary efforts to conserve and protect [For the Natural Resources Conservation Service statement of organization, see the Code of Federal our natural resources. The Service is Regulations, Title 7, Parts 600 and 601] USDA’s technical delivery arm for conservation. 138 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Conservation Technical Assistance This in soil classification and soil mapping, is the foundation program of NRCS. and is now expanding its work in soil Under this program, NRCS provides quality. technical assistance to land users and Snow Survey and Water Supply units of government for the purpose of Forecasting Program This program sustaining agricultural productivity and collects snowpack moisture data and protecting and enhancing the natural forecasts seasonal water supplies for resource base. This assistance is based streams that derive most of their water on the voluntary cooperation of private from snowmelt. It helps farm operators, landowners and involves comprehensive rural communities, and municipalities approaches to reduce soil erosion, manage water resources through water improve soil and water quantity and supply forecasts. It also provides quality, improve and conserve wetlands, hydrometeorological data for regulating enhance fish and wildlife habitat, reservoir storage and managing improve air quality, improve pasture and streamflow. The Snow Supply Program is range condition, reduce upstream conducted in 11 Western States and flooding, and improve woodlands. Every Alaska. year, more than 1 million land users Plant Materials Program At 26 plant receive these technical services, which materials centers across the country, are channeled through nearly 3,000 NRCS tests, selects, and ensures the conservation districts across the United commercial availability of new and States and its territories. improved conservation plants for erosion Natural Resources Inventory The reduction, wetland restoration, water Natural Resources Inventory (NRI) is a quality improvement, streambank and report issued every 5 years on how well riparian area protection, coastal dune the Nation is sustaining natural resources stabilization, biomass production, carbon on non-Federal land. This report sequestration, and other needs. The Plant contains the most comprehensive and Materials Program is a cooperative effort statistically reliable data of its kind in the with conservation districts, other Federal world. The Inventory provides data on and State agencies, commercial the kind and amount of soil, water, businesses, and seed and nursery vegetation, and related resources; the associations. effects of current land use and River Basin Surveys and Investigations management practices on the present This program involves NRCS with and future supply and condition of soil, Federal, State, and local agencies in river water, and vegetation; and the changes basin surveys and investigations, flood and trends in the use, extent, and hazard analysis, and floodplain condition of these resources. Inventory management assistance. It addresses a data and analytical software are variety of natural resource concerns: available to the public on CD–ROM. water quality, water conservation, National Cooperative Soil Survey The wetlands protection, agricultural drought, National Cooperative Soil Survey rural development, municipal and provides the public with local industrial water needs, and fish and information on the uses and capabilities wildlife habitat. of their soils. The published soil survey Small Watersheds Program The Small for a county or other designated area Watersheds Program helps local includes maps and interpretations that sponsoring groups to voluntarily plan are the foundation for farm planning and and install watershed protection projects other private land use decisions as well on private lands. These projects include as for resource planning and policy by flood prevention, water quality Federal, State, and local governments. improvement, soil erosion and sediment The surveys are conducted cooperatively reduction, rural and municipal water with other Federal, State, and local supply, irrigation water management, agencies and land grant universities. The fish and wildlife habitat enhancement, Service is the national and world leader and wetlands restoration. The Service DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 139 helps local community groups, A USDA coordinator helps each government entities, and private designated RC&D council plan, develop, landowners working together using an and carry out programs for resource integrated, comprehensive watershed conservation, water management, approach to natural resource planning. community development, and Flood Prevention Program This environmental enhancement. program applies to 11 specific flood Rural Abandoned Mine Program This prevention projects covering about 35 program (RAMP) helps protect people million acres in 11 States. It provides and the environment from the adverse help in flood prevention, water effects of past coal-mining practices and management, and reduction of erosion promotes the development of soil and sedimentation. It also can help in water resources on unreclaimed mine developing recreational facilities and land. It provides technical and financial improving fish and wildlife habitat. assistance to land users who voluntarily Emergency Watershed Protection enter into 5- to 10-year contracts for the Program This program provides reclamation of eligible land and water. emergency assistance to safeguard lives Wetlands Reserve Program Under this and property in jeopardy due to sudden program, USDA purchases easements watershed impairment by natural from agricultural land owners who disasters. Emergency work includes voluntarily agree to restore and protect quickly establishing a protective plant wetlands. Service employees help these cover on denuded land and stream owners develop plans to retire critical banks; opening dangerously restricted wetland habitat from crop production. channels; and repairing diversions and The primary objectives are to preserve levees. An emergency area need not be and restore wetlands, improve wildlife declared a national disaster area to be habitat, and protect migratory waterfowl. eligible for help under this program. Water Bank Program The Service helps Great Plains Conservation Program landowners protect, improve, or restore This program (GPCP) helps bring about wetlands by identifying eligible lands, long-term solutions to natural resource helping owners develop conservation problems in the 10 Great Plains States. It plans, and implementing necessary land is aimed at total conservation treatment treatments. Through 10-year rental of entire farms or ranches. Participation agreements between USDA and in GPCP is voluntary and provides landowners, the Water Bank Program technical assistance and a long-term protects important nesting, breeding, and cost-share contract between the feeding areas for migratory waterfowl. participant and NRCS. The program has Other benefits of the program include been effective in addressing the needs of water conservation, erosion control, socially disadvantaged farmers and flood control, and landscape ranchers and the needs of American beautification. Indian farmers and ranchers. In addition Colorado River Basin Salinity Control to providing significant erosion and Program This voluntary incentive sediment reduction benefits, it addresses program supports the Nation’s problems related to water quality, commitment to water quality in the wildlife habitat protection, and other Colorado River, which provides water to environmental concerns. more than 18 million people in parts of Resource Conservation and seven Western States and Mexico. The Development Program This program Service provides financial and technical (RC&D) is a locally driven program—an assistance to control salt loading to the opportunity for civic-oriented groups to Colorado River from both natural and work together sharing knowledge and human-caused sources. Among the resources in solving common problems remedies used are management practices facing their region. The program offers to prevent irrigation-induced erosion. aid in balancing the environmental, Forestry Incentives Program This economic, and social needs of an area. program helps to increase the Nation’s 140 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL supply of products from nonindustrial evaluation process to maximize private forest lands. This also ensures environmental benefits per dollar more effective use of existing forest lands expended. The Secretary of Agriculture, and, over time, helps to prevent through the rulemaking process, shortages and price increases for forest establishes criteria for EQIP assistance, products. The program shares the cost including determining standards for large incurred by landowners for tree planting livestock operations which will be and timberstand improvement. ineligible for cost sharing to construct Farmland Protection Program (FPP) animal waste management facilities. This new program protects soil by Conservation Farm Option This pilot encouraging landowners to limit program for producers of wheat, feed conversion of their farmland to grains, cotton, and rice is open to nonagricultural uses. States, Indian owners or operators of farms that have a tribes, or local governments administer production flexibility contract. Under the all aspects of acquiring lands that are in program, producers may receive one FPP except when it is more effective and consolidated USDA program payment in efficient for the Federal Government to do so. Funds for FPP come from the lieu of a list of specified payments. The Commodity Credit Corporation. The producers must implement a Program is authorized by the Federal conservation plan that addresses soil, Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act water, and related resources; water of 1996 to protect between 170,000 and quality; wetlands; and wildlife habitat. 340,000 acres of farmland. Participation is voluntary and is based Environmental Quality Incentive on a 10-year contract. Program (EQIP) This Program assists Farms-for-the-Future Program This producers with environmental and program guarantees USDA loans and natural resource conservation subsidizes interest on State loans to improvements on their agricultural lands. purchase agricultural land or One-half of the available funds are for development rights to preserve vital conservation activities related to farmland resources for future livestock production. Technical generations. The money also can be assistance, cost-share payments, reinvested by the States to generate incentive payments, and education focus earnings for future farmland protection on priority areas and natural resource efforts. concerns identified in cooperation with For further information, contact the Management State technical committees. The program Services Division, Natural Resources Conservation uses 5- to 10-year contracts based on Service, Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 2890, conservation plans, as well as a priority Washington, DC 20013. Phone, 202–690–4811.

Graduate School, U.S. Department of Agriculture Fourteenth Street and Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20250 Phone, 202–401–9129

Director PHILIP H. HUDSON Deputy Director LYNN EDWARDS Program Director, Center for Applied NAT HOPKINS Technology Program Director, Correspondence Study NORMA HARWOOD Program Director, Evening and Saturday RONALD MACNAB Program Director, Government Audit Training DONALD SMULAND Institute Program Director, International Institute for ROBERT BROWN Training and Education DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 141

Director of Communications TERRY TOOMEY Director of Administration ROBERT KIES Director, Career Development Programs LEW TAYLOR Director, Technology Enabled Learning DAVID LAMP Director, National Independent Study Center MIKE ALLEN Director, Midwest Training Center CYNTHIA RUDMANN Director, National Capital Training Center NANCY RANDA Director, Northeast Training Center FRANK BAUER Director, Southeast Training Center DAVID HITT Director, Southwest Training Center TONY GUTIERREZ Director, Western Training Center MAUREEN HETZEL Registrar CAROLYN NELSON

The Graduate School, U.S. Department to government. Training areas include of Agriculture, is a continuing education management, auditing, computer school offering career-related training to science, communications, foreign adults. It is self-supporting and does not language, procurement, financial receive direct appropriated funds from management, and others. Congress or the Department of The Graduate School’s objective is to Agriculture. Fees charged individuals improve Government services by and Government agencies are nominal. providing needed continuing education Courses are planned with the assistance and training opportunities for of Government professionals and Government employees and agencies. specialists. The Graduate School, administered by The faculty is mostly part-time and is a Director and governed by a General drawn from throughout Government and Administration Board appointed by the the community at large. They are Secretary of Agriculture, was established selected because of their professional by the Secretary of Agriculture on and specialized knowledge and September 2, 1921, pursuant to act of experience and thus bring a practicality May 15, 1862 (7 U.S.C. 2201); joint and experience to their classrooms. resolution of April 12, 1892 (27 Stat. Faculty holding regular Government 395); and the Deficiencies Appropriation positions take annual leave or leave Act of March 3, 1901 (20 U.S.C. 91). without pay when teaching during their In July 1995, through a memorandum normal work hours. of understanding between the U.S. The school does not grant degrees but Office of Personnel Management and the does provide planned sequences of Department of Agriculture, the Graduate courses leading to certificates of School acquired many of the training accomplishment in a number of offices formerly operated by the Office occupational and career fields important of Personnel Management.

For further information, contact the Communications Office, Graduate School, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Room 129, 600 Maryland Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20024. Phone, 202–401–9129.

Sources of Information

Consumer Activities Educational, school lunch, donated foods, and other organizational, and financial assistance food programs. Contact the Office of is offered to consumers and their families Public Affairs, Department of in such fields as rural housing and farm Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250. operating programs, improved nutrition, Phone, 202–720–2791. family living and recreation, food stamp, 142 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Contracts and Small Business Activities Contact the nearest county extension Contact the Office of Small and agent or USDA office, or write to the Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Office of Communications, Department Department of Agriculture, Washington, of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250. DC 20250. Phone, 202–720–7117. Phone, 202–720–2791. Employment Most jobs in the Films Motion pictures on a variety of Department are in the competitive agricultural subjects are available for service and are filled by applicants who loan through various State Extension have established eligibility under an Service film libraries. Contact the Video, appropriate examination administered by Teleconference, and Radio Center, the Office of Personnel Management or Office of Communications, Department Department Special Examining Units. of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, General employment inquiries should for a listing of cooperating film libraries. be directed to the agencies. Phone, 202–720–6072. Persons interested in employment in the Food and Consumer Service should Color filmstrips and slide sets on a contact the regional offices located in variety of subjects are available for Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, purchase. For a listing of titles and Denver, San Francisco, and Robbinsville, prices, contact the Photography Center, NJ, or the national headquarters in Office of Communications, Department Alexandria, VA. Phone, 703–305–2351. of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250. Persons interested in employment in Phone, 202–720–6633. the Office of the Inspector General Whistleblower Hotline Persons wishing should contact the USDA Office of to register complaints of alleged Personnel, Room 31–W, Jamie L. improprieties concerning the Department Whitten Building, Washington, DC should contact one of the regional 20250. Phone, 202–720–5781. offices or the Inspector General’s In addition, all Forest Service field whistleblower hotline. Phone, 800–424– offices (addresses indicated in the 9121 (toll-free, outside Washington, DC); preceding text) accept employment 202–690–1622 (within the Washington, applications. DC, metropolitan area); or 202–690– Environment Educational, 1202 (TDD). organizational, technical, and financial Reading Rooms Located at each USDA assistance is offered to local citizens, agency at addresses indicated in the organizations, and communities in such preceding text. fields as watershed protection, flood Speakers Contact the nearest prevention, soil and water conservation Department of Agriculture office or practices to reduce erosion and county Extension agent. In the District of sedimentation, community water and Columbia, contact the Office of Public waste disposal systems, safe use of Liaison, Office of Communications, pesticides, and the development of Department of Agriculture, Washington, pesticide alternatives. DC 20250. Phone, 202–720–2798.

For further information concerning the Department of Agriculture, contact the Office of Communications, Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250. Phone, 202–720–2791. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Fourteenth Street between Constitution and Pennsylvania Avenues NW., Washington, DC 20230 Phone, 202–482–2000

SECRETARY OF COMMERCE WILLIAM M. DALEY Chief of Staff PAUL M. DONOVAN Counsellor to the Secretary NANCY A. LEAMOND Assistant to the Secretary and Director, DAVID LANE Office of Policy and Strategic Planning Executive Assistant to the Secretary SHIRLEY ROTHLISBERGER Director, Office of White House Liaison PARNICE GREEN Executive Secretary BETTIE BACA Deputy Secretary of Commerce (VACANCY) Assistant Deputy Secretary (VACANCY) Associate Deputy Secretary KENT HUGHES Director, Office of Small and Disadvantaged MICHAEL A. KEANE, Acting Business Utilization General Counsel (VACANCY) Deputy General Counsel PAUL JOFFE Counselor to the General Counsel (VACANCY) Assistant General Counsel for Administration BARBARA S. FREDERICKS Assistant General Counsel for Legislation MICHAEL A. LEVITT and Regulation Assistant General Counsel for Finance and ALDEN F. ABBOTT Litigation Chief Counsel for Economics and Statistics ROXIE JONES Administration Chief Counsel for Export Administration HOYT H. ZIA Chief Counsel for Import Administration STEPHEN J. POWELL Chief Counsel for International Commerce ELEANOR ROBERTS LEWIS Chief Counsel for Minority Business PERCY ROBINSON, Acting Development Chief Counsel for Technology Administration MARK BOHANNON Assistant Secretary for Legislative and JANE BOBBITT Intergovernmental Affairs Deputy Assistant Secretary for Legislative ELLEN BLOOM and Intergovernmental Affairs Deputy Assistant Secretary for (VACANCY) Intergovernmental Affairs Inspector General FRANK DEGEORGE Deputy Inspector General (VACANCY) Counsel to the Inspector General ELIZABETH T. BARLOW Assistant Inspector General for Auditing GEORGE E. ROSS Assistant Inspector General for Investigations DAMON L. BARBAT Assistant Inspector General for Systems JUDITH J. GORDON Evaluation Assistant Inspector General for Inspections JOHNNIE E. FRAZIER and Program Evaluations 143 144 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Assistant Inspector General for Compliance (VACANCY) and Administration Director, Office of Public Affairs MARIA T. CARDONA, Acting Press Secretary, Office of the Press Secretary MARIA T. CARDONA Director, Office of Business Liaison CHERYL BRUNER Director, Office of Consumer Affairs LAJUAN JOHNSON Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Secretary RAYMOND G. KAMMER, JR., Acting for Administration Deputy Assistant Secretary for Administration (VACANCY) Director for Budget, Management, and ALAN P. BALUTIS Information and Deputy Chief Information Officer Director, Office of Budget MARK E. BROWN Director, Office of Management and STEPHEN C. BROWNING Organization Director, Office of Information Policy and JAMES MCNAMEE Technology Director, Office of Information Planning LISA A. WESTERBACK and Review Director, Office of Computer Services PATRICK F. SMITH Manager, Decision Analysis Center CHARLES F. TREAT Director, Office of Civil Rights COURTLAND COX Director for Executive Budgeting and SONYA G. STEWART Assistance Management Director, Office of Executive Assistance JOHN J. PHELAN III Management Director, Office of Executive Budgeting THOMAS D. JONES Director for Financial Management and JOHN D. NEWELL Deputy Chief Financial Officer Deputy Director DOUGLAS K. DAY Director, Office of Financial Policy and THEODORE A. JOHNSON Assistance Director, Office of Financial Management JOSEPH A. SCLAFANI Systems Director for Human Resources Management ELIZABETH W. STROUD Deputy Director (VACANCY) Human Resources Manager, Office of ANTHONY CALZA, Acting Personnel Operations Director, Office of Programs and Policies PAMELA E. RANKIN Director, Office of Automated Systems DIANE ATCHINSON and Pay Policy Director for Security and Administrative HUGH L. BRENNAN Services Director, Office of Safety and Building ROBERT B. HEINEMANN Management Director, Office of Real Estate Policy and JAMES M. ANDREWS Major Programs Director for Security STEVEN E. GARMON Director, Office of Administrative ROBERT A. GALPIN Operations Director for Acquisition Management KENNETH J. BUCK, Acting Director for Systems and RONALD P. HACK Telecommunications Management Director, Office of Telecommunications THOMAS W. ZETTY Management DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 145

Director, Office of Information Systems (VACANCY) Director, Office of Technical Support GEORGE H. IMBER Under Secretary for Economic Affairs and (VACANCY) Administrator, Economics and Statistics Administration Deputy Under Secretary PAUL A. LONDON Associate Under Secretary JOHN GRAY Director, Office of Policy Development JEFFREY L. MAYER Director, STAT–U.S.A. KENNETH ROGERS Executive Director JAMES K. WHITE Director of Administration B. JEROME JACKSON Chief Economist JAMES LEE PRICE Director, Office of International SUMIYE OKUBO Macroeconomic Analysis Director, Office of Economic Conditions and CARL E. COX Forecasting Director, Bureau of the Census MARTHA FARNSWORTH RICHE Deputy Director BRADFORD R. HUTHER Associate Director for Communications PHILLIP L. SPARKS Principal Associate Director and Chief FREDERICK T. ALT Financial Officer Principal Associate Director for Programs PAULA J. SCHNEIDER Associate Director for Administration/ NANCY A. POTOK Comptroller Associate Director for Information (VACANCY) Technology Associate Director for Field Operations MARVIN D. RAINES Associate Director for Economic Programs FREDERICK T. KNICKERBOCKER Assistant Director for Economic Programs THOMAS L. MESENBOURG Associate Director for Decennial Census ROBERT W. MARX Associate Director for Demographic NANCY M. GORDON Programs Associate Director for Methodology and CYNTHIA Z.F. CLARK Standards Director, Bureau of Economic Analysis J. STEPHEN LANDEFELD Deputy Director BETTY L. BARKER Associate Director for National Income GERALD F. DONAHOE Expenditures and Wealth Accounts Associate Director for Regional Economics HUGH W. KNOX Associate Director for International GERALD A. POLLACK Economics Associate Director for Industry Accounts (VACANCY) Chief Economist JACK E. TRIPLETT Chief Statistician ROBERT P. PARKER Under Secretary for Export Administration WILLIAM A. REINSCH Deputy Under Secretary (VACANCY) Director of Administration ROBERT F. KUGELMAN Director of Congressional and Public Affairs ROSEMARY WARREN Assistant Secretary for Export Administration SUE E. ECKERT Deputy Assistant Secretary IAIN S. BAIRD Assistant Secretary for Export Enforcement (VACANCY) Deputy Assistant Secretary FRANK DELIBERTI Assistant Secretary for Economic Development PHILLIP A. SINGERMAN Deputy Assistant Secretary WILBUR F. HAWKINS 146 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Deputy Assistant Secretary for Program CHESTER J. STRAUB, JR. Operations Deputy Assistant Secretary for Program AWILDA R. MARQUEZ Research and Evaluation Chief Counsel EDWARD LEVIN Under Secretary for International Trade STUART EIZENSTAT Deputy Under Secretary TIMOTHY J. HAUSER Counselor to the Department JAN H. KALICKI Director of Administration ALAN NEUSCHATZ Assistant Secretary for Market Access and FRANKLIN J. VARGO, Acting Compliance Deputy Assistant Secretary for Market Access (VACANCY) and Compliance Deputy Assistant Secretary for the Western REGINA VARGO Hemisphere Deputy Assistant Secretary for Europe FRANKLIN J. VARGO Deputy Assistant Secretary for Africa and the JUDITH BARNETT, Acting Near East Deputy Assistant Secretary for Asia and the NANCY LINN PATTON Pacific Deputy Assistant Secretary for Japan MARJORY SEARING Deputy Assistant Secretary for Agreements DOUGLAS OLIN Compliance Assistant Secretary for Import Administration ROBERT S. LARUSSA, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Antidumping RICHARD W. MORELAND, Acting Countervailing Enforcement I Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for JEFFREY BIALOS Antidumping Countervailing Enforcement II Deputy Assistant Secretary for Antidumping JOSEPH A. SPETRINI Countervailing Enforcement III Assistant Secretary for Trade Development ELLIS R. MOTTUR, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Trade DAVID MARCHICK Development Deputy Assistant Secretary for Basic MICHAEL J. COPPS Industries Deputy Assistant Secretary for Technology ELLIS R. MOTTUR and Aerospace Industries Deputy Assistant Secretary for Service GRAHAM WHATLEY, Acting Industries and Finance Deputy Assistant Secretary for Textiles, TROY H. CRIBB Apparel, and Consumer Goods Industries Deputy Assistant Secretary for Environmental ANNE L. ALONZO Technologies Exports Deputy Assistant Secretary for Tourism LESLIE R. DOGGETT Industries Assistant Secretary and Director General of MARJORY SEARING, Acting the U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service Deputy Assistant Secretary for the U.S. and (VACANCY) Foreign Commercial Service Deputy Assistant Secretary for Domestic DANIEL J. MCLAUGHLIN Operations DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 147

Deputy Assistant Secretary for International DELORES F. HARROD Operations Deputy Assistant Secretary for Export MARY FRAN KIRCHNER Promotion Services Director, Minority Business Development JOAN PARROTT-FONSECA Agency Deputy Director PAUL R. WEBBER IV, Acting Assistant Director for External Affairs BARBARA MADDOX Assistant Director for Operations PAUL R. WEBBER IV Under Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere D. JAMES BAKER and Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Counselor to the Under Secretary SUSAN B. FRUCHTER Assistant Secretary for Oceans and TERRY D. GARCIA, Acting Atmosphere and Deputy Administrator Deputy Under Secretary for Oceans and DIANA H. JOSEPHSON Atmosphere Associate Deputy Under Secretary JOHN J. CAREY Chief Scientist ALFRED M. BEETON, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for International WILLIAM E. MARTIN Affairs Deputy Assistant Secretary for Oceans and SALLY J. YOZELL Atmosphere Assistant Administrator for Fisheries ROLLAND A. SCHMITTEN Assistant Administrator for Ocean Services W. STANLEY WILSON and Coastal Zone Management Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and ALAN R. THOMAS, Acting Atmospheric Research Assistant Administrator for Weather Services ELBERT W. FRIDAY, JR. Assistant Administrator for Satellites and ROBERT S. WINOKUR Information Services Director, Global Programs J. MICHAEL HALL Director, Coastal Ocean Program DONALD SCAVIA Director, Public and Constituent Affairs LORI ANN ARGUELLES Director, Sustainable Development and JOHN K. BULLARD Intergovernmental Affairs Director, Policy and Strategic Planning SUSAN B. FRUCHTER Director, Legislative Affairs BRIAN WHEELER Director, International Affairs WILLIAM E. MARTIN General Counsel MONICA P. MEDINA Director, National Oceanic and Atmospheric WILLIAM L. STUBBLEFIELD Administration Corps Operations Chief Financial Officer/Chief Administrative JOSEPH T. KAMMERER Officer Director, High Performance Computing and THOMAS N. PYKE, JR. Communications Director, Systems Acquisition WILLIAM O. MEHURON Assistant Secretary for Communications and LARRY IRVING Information Deputy Assistant Secretary SHIRL G. KINNEY Chief Counsel BARBARA WELLBERY Director, Policy Coordination and (VACANCY) Management Associate Administrator for Spectrum RICHARD D. PARLOW Management 148 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Associate Administrator for Policy Analysis KATHRYN C. BROWN and Development Associate Administrator for International JACK A. GLEASON, Acting Affairs Associate Administrator for BERNADETTE A. MCGUIRE-RIVERA Telecommunications and Information Applications Assistant Secretary and Commissioner of BRUCE A. LEHMAN Patents and Trademarks Deputy Assistant Secretary and Deputy LAWRENCE J. GOFFNEY, JR., Acting Commissioner Assistant Commissioner for Patents (VACANCY) Assistant Commissioner for Trademarks PHILIP G. HAMPTON Associate Commissioner and Chief Financial (VACANCY) Officer Chief Information Officer DENNIS SHAW Under Secretary for Technology (VACANCY) Deputy Under Secretary GARY R. BACHULA Staff Director for Technology JOYCE S. HASTY Chief Counsel MARK BOHANNON Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy GRAHAM R. MITCHELL Deputy Assistant Secretary for Technology KELLY H. CARNES Policy Director, Office of International Policy PHYLLIS GENTHER YOSHIDA, Acting Director, Office of Manufacturing CARY GRAVATT Competitiveness Director, Office of Space Commerce KEITH CALHOUN-SENGHOR Director, Office of Technology JON PAUGH Competitiveness Director, National Institute of Standards and ROBERT E. HEBNER, Acting Technology Deputy Director ROBERT E. HEBNER, Acting Director of Administration JORGE R. URRUTIA Director, Technology Services PETER L.M. HEYDEMANN Chief Financial Officer HRATCH G. SEMERJIAN, Acting Director, Electronics and Electrical JUDSON C. FRENCH Engineering Laboratory Director, Chemical Science and HRATCH G. SEMERJIAN Technology Laboratory Director, Physics Laboratory KATHERINE B. GEBBIE Director, Materials Science and LYLE H. SCHWARTZ Engineering Laboratory Director, Building and Fire Research RICHARD N. WRIGHT Laboratory Director, Information Technology SHUKRI WAKID Laboratory Director, Advanced Technology Program LURA J. POWELL Director, Manufacturing Extension KEVIN M. CARR Partnership Program Director, National Quality Program HARRY S. HERTZ Director, National Technical Information DONALD R. JOHNSON Service Deputy Director DONALD W. CORRIGAN DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 149

The Department of Commerce encourages, serves, and promotes the Nation’s international trade, economic growth, and technological advancement. The Department provides a wide variety of programs through the competitive free enterprise system. It offers assistance and information to increase America’s competitiveness in the world economy; administers programs to prevent unfair foreign trade competition; provides social and economic statistics and analyses for business and government planners; provides research and support for the increased use of scientific, engineering, and technological development; works to improve our understanding and benefits of the Earth’s physical environment and oceanic resources; grants patents and registers trademarks; develops policies and conducts research on telecommunications; provides assistance to promote domestic economic development; and assists in the growth of minority businesses.

The Department was designated as such business involvement in departmental by act of March 4, 1913 (15 U.S.C. policymaking and program development, 1501), which reorganized the and provides technical assistance to Department of Commerce and Labor, businesses that desire help in dealing created by act of February 14, 1903 (15 with the Government. U.S.C. 1501), by transferring all labor For further information, call 202–482–3942. activities into a new, separate Department of Labor. The Department of Consumer Affairs This office seeks to Commerce (DOC) is composed of the promote a better understanding between Office of the Secretary and the operating businesses and consumers, to help units. business improve the quality of their services, to educate consumers to make Office of the Secretary wise purchasing decisions, and to Secretary The Secretary is responsible provide the consumer viewpoint in the for the administration of all functions development of economic policy. and authorities assigned to the Through a variety of programs, the Department of Commerce and for Office works with businesses, advising the President on Federal policy consumers, Government agencies, and and programs affecting the industrial and international organizations to develop commercial segments of the national innovative ways to encourage American economy. The Secretary is served by the businesses to become more competitive offices of Deputy Secretary, Inspector both in the United States and in the General, General Counsel, and the global marketplace. Assistant Secretaries of Administration, For further information, contact the Office of Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs, Consumer Affairs, U.S. Department of Commerce, Room H5718, Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202– and Public Affairs. Other offices whose 482–5001. Fax, 202–482–6007. E-mail, public purposes are widely administered [email protected]. are detailed below. Small and Disadvantaged Business Business Liaison This office develops Utilization The Office of Small and and promotes a cooperative working Disadvantaged Business Utilization relationship and ensures effective (OSDBU) serves as the principal communication between the Department departmental advocate for small, of Commerce and the business minority, and women business owners. It community. The Office’s objectives are assures that small firms fully participate to keep the business community aware in Commerce programs and receive the of Department and administration maximum amount of Commerce contract resources, policies, and programs, and to and subcontract dollars. keep Department and administration The Office is the focal point of the officials aware of issues of concern to Department’s constant efforts to increase business. The Office also promotes awards to small firms by searching for 150 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL DIRECTOR TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS AND NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIRECTOR TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION TECHNOLOGY NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE UNDER SECRETARY FOR FOR TECHNOLOGY POLICY ASSISTANT SECRETARY ADMINISTRATION AND INFORMATION AND INFORMATION FOR COMMUNICATIONS ASSISTANT SECRETARY NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS BUREAU OF THE CENSUS DIRECTOR LEGISLATIVE AND GENERAL COUNSEL INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR ADMINISTRATION ASSISTANT SECRETARY ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS BUREAU OF DIRECTOR FOR ADMINISTRATION ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC AFFAIRS ADMINISTRATION ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS UNDER SECRETARY FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANT SECRETARY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CHIEF ECONOMIST SECRETARY CHIEF OF STAFF DEPUTY SECRETARY FOR EXPORT ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANT SECRETARY DIRECTOR BUREAU OF MINORITY BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AGENCY DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OFFICE OF EXPORT ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC AFFAIRS BUSINESS LIAISON UNDER SECRETARY FOR FOR CONSUMER AFFAIRS WHITE HOUSE LIAISON EXPORT ADMINISTRATION STRATEGIC PLANNING OFFICE OF POLICY AND ASSISTANT SECRETARY EXPORT ADMINISTRATION AND OFFICE PATENT AND TRADEMARK FOR FOR AND TRADEMARKS ASSISTANT SECRETARY ASSISTANT SECRETARY TRADE DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANT SECRETARY IMPORT ADMINISTRATION COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS ADMINISTRATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE UNDER SECRETARY FOR U.S. AND FOREIGN ECONOMIC POLICY FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL SERVICE ASSISTANT SECRETARY ASSISTANT SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR GENERAL DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR FOR OCEANS AND ATMOSPHERE AND ASSISTANT SECRETARY NATIONAL OCEANIC AND UNDER SECRETARY AND ADMINISTRATOR ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 151 opportunities to match with the other Federal agencies and trade capabilities of small, minority, and associations at procurement fairs. women-owned firms. The Office of Small and It informs the small business Disadvantaged Business Utilization was community about Commerce established by the Small Business Act, as opportunities by publishing the Annual Forecast of Contracts, by individual amended (15 U.S.C. 644). counseling, and by participating with For further information, call 202–482–1472.

Economics and Statistics Administration

The Under Secretary for Economic general supervision over the Bureau of Affairs advises the Secretary and other the Census and the Bureau of Economic Government officials on matters relating Analysis. to economic developments and forecasts Current economic data are available and on the development of to the public through the National Trade macroeconomic and microeconomic Data Bank and the Economic Bulletin policy. The Under Secretary, as Administrator of the Economics and Board. Statistics Administration, exercises For further information, call 202–482–1986.

Bureau of the Census

[For the Bureau of the Census statement of covered in the censuses at monthly, organization, see the Federal Register of Sept. 16, 1975, 40 FR 42765] quarterly, annual, or other intervals; —compilation of current statistics on The Bureau of the Census was U.S. foreign trade, including data on established as a permanent office by act imports, exports, and shipping; of March 6, 1902 (32 Stat. 51). The —special censuses at the request and major functions of the Bureau are expense of States and local government authorized by the Constitution, which units; provides that a census of population —publication of estimates and shall be taken every 10 years, and by projections of the population; laws codified as title 13 of the United —publication of current data on States Code. The law also provides that population and housing characteristics; the information collected by the Bureau and from individual persons, households, or —current reports on manufacturing, establishments be kept strictly retail and wholesale trade, services, confidential and be used only for construction, imports and exports, State statistical purposes. and local government finances and The principal functions of the Bureau employment, and other subjects. include: The Bureau makes available statistical —decennial censuses of population results of its censuses, surveys, and other and housing; programs to the public through printed —quinquennial censuses of State and reports, computer tape, CD–ROM’s, the local governments, manufacturers, Internet, and other media and prepares mineral industries, distributive trades, special tabulations sponsored and paid construction industries, and for by data users. It also produces transportation; statistical compendia, catalogs, guides, —current surveys that provide and directories that are useful in locating information on many of the subjects information on specific subjects. Upon 152 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL request, the Bureau makes searches of evidence of age, relationship, or place of decennial census records and furnishes birth. A fee is charged for searches. certificates to individuals for use as Field OrganizationÐBureau of the Census

Office Address

REGIONAL OFFICES: ATLANTAÐAL, FL, GA (all counties except Catoosa, Dade, Walker, and Suite 3200, 101 Marietta St. NW., Atlanta, Whitfield), and SC (counties of Aiken and Edgefield) GA 30303±2700 BOSTONÐCT, MA, ME, NH, NY (counties of Albany, Allegany, Broome, Suite 301, 2 Copley Pl., P.O. Box 9108, Cattaraugus, Cayuga, Chautauqua, Chemung, Chanango, Clinton, Co- Boston, MA 02117±9108 lumbia, Cortland, Delaware, Dutchess, Erie, Essex, Franklin, Fulton, Genesee, Greene, Hamilton, Herkimer, Jefferson, Lewis, Livingston, Madison, Monroe, Montgomery, Niagara, Oneida, Onondaga, Ontario, Orange, Orleans, Oswego, Otsego, Putnam, Rensselaer, St. Lawrence, Saratoga, Schenectady, Schoharie, Schuyler, Seneca, Steuben, Sullivan, Tioga, Tompkins, Ulster, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Wyoming, and Yates), RI, and VT CHARLOTTEÐAK (Crittenden County), GA (counties of Catoosa, Dade, Suite 106, 901 Center Park Dr., Charlotte, Walker, and Whitfield), IN (counties of Clark, Floyd, Harrison, and Scott), NC 28217±2935 KY (all counties except Boone, Boyd, Bracken, Campbell, Carter, Gal- latin, Grant, Greenup, Harrison, Henderson, Kenton, Pendleton, and Robertson), MS (De Soto County), NC, SC (all counties except Aiken and Edgefield), TN, and VA CHICAGOÐIL (all counties except Clinton, Jersey, Madison, Monroe, and Suite 5501, 2255 Enterprise Dr., West- St. Clair), IN (all counties except Clark, Dearborn, Floyd, Harrison, Ohio, chester, IL 60154±5800 and Scott), IA (Scott County), KY (Henderson County), and WI (all coun- ties except Douglas, Pierce, and St. Croix) DALLASÐAR (Miller County), LA, MS (all counties except De Soto), and Suite 210, 6303 Harry Hines Blvd., Dal- TX las, TX 75235±5269 DENVERÐAZ, CO, IA, (Pottawattamie County), MT, NE (all counties ex- Suite 100, 6900 W. Jefferson Ave., Den- cept Dakota), ND (all counties except Cass), NM, NV, SD, UT, and WY ver, CO 80235±2032 DETROITÐIN (counties of Dearborn and Ohio), KY (counties of Boone, P.O. Box 33405, 1395 Brewery Park Boyd, Bracken, Campbell, Carter, Gallatin, Grant, Greenup, Harrison, Blvd., Detroit, MI 48232±5405 Kenton, Pendleton, and Robertson), MI, OH, and WV (all counties except Jefferson) KANSAS CITYÐAR (all counties except Crittenden and Miller), IL (counties Suite 600, 400 State Ave., Kansas City, of Clinton, Jersey, Madison, Monroe, and St. Clair), IA (all counties ex- KS 66101±2410 cept Pottawattamie and Scott), KS, MN, MO, ND (Cass County), NE (Dakota County), OK, and WI (counties of Douglas, Pierce, and St. Croix) LOS ANGELESÐCA (counties of Fresno, Imperial, Inyo, Kern, Kings, Los Suite 300, 15350 Sherman Way, Van Angeles, Madera, Mariposa, Merced, Monterey, Orange, Riverside, San Nuys, CA 91406±4224 Benito, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Tulare, and Ventura) and HI NEW YORKÐNJ (counties of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Middlesex, Morris, Rm. 37±130, 26 Federal Plz., New York, Passaic, Somerset, Union, and Warren) and NY (counties of Bronx, NY 10278±0044 Kings, Nassau, New York, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, Suffolk, Sus- sex, and Westchester) PHILADELPHIAÐDC, DE, MD, NJ (counties of Atlantic, Burlington, Cam- 105 S. 7th St., Philadelphia, PA 19106± den, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester, Hunterdon, Mercer, Mon- 3395 mouth, Ocean, Salem, Sussex, and Warren), PA, and WV (Jefferson County) SEATTLEÐAK, CA (counties of Alameda, Alpine, Amador, Butte, Suite 500, 101 Stewart St., Seattle, WA Calaveras, Colusa, Contra Costa, Del Norte, El Dorado, Glenn, Hum- 98101±1098 boldt, Lake, Lassen, Marin, Mendocino, Modoc, Mono, Napa, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, Sacramento, San Francisco, San Joaquin, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Solano, Sonoma, Stanislaus, Sutter, Tehama, Trinity, Tuolumne, Yolo, and Yuba), ID, OR, and WA DATA PREPARATION DIVISION 1201 E. 10th St., Jeffersonville, IN 47132 PERSONAL CENSUS SEARCH UNIT P.O. Box 1545, Jeffersonville, IN 47131 HAGERSTOWN COMPUTER-ASSISTED TELEPHONE INTERVIEWING CEN- 319 E. Antietam St., Hagerstown, MD TER 21740±5701 TUCSON COMPUTER-ASSISTED TELEPHONE INTERVIEWING CENTER Suite 151, 6363 S. Country Club Rd., Tucson, AZ 85706±5906

For further information, contact the Public Information Office, Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20233. Phone, 301–457–2804. Fax, 301–457–3670. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 153 Bureau of Economic Analysis

[For the Bureau of Economic Analysis statement of prepares estimates of the Nation’s organization, see the Federal Register of Dec. 29, 1980, 45 FR 85496] tangible wealth and input-output tables that show how industries interact. The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) The regional economic accounts is the Nation’s economic accountant— provide estimates of personal income, integrating and interpreting a variety of population, and employment for regions, source data to draw a complete and States, and metropolitan areas. The consistent picture of the U.S. economy. Bureau prepares estimates of gross state Its economic accounts provide product and projections of regional information on such key issues as economic activity. economic growth, regional development, The international economic accounts and the Nation’s position in the world encompass U.S. international economy. transactions (balance of payments) with The national income and product foreign countries and the international accounts—featuring gross domestic investment position of the United States. product—provide a quantitative view of The Bureau provides survey-based data the production, distribution, and use of on foreign direct investment in the U.S. the Nation’s output. The Bureau also and U.S. direct investment abroad.

For further information, contact the Public Information Office, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202–606–9900. Fax, 202–606–5310.

Bureau of Export Administration

[For the Bureau of Export Administration statement and policy analysis, economic security of organization, see the Federal Register of June 7, 1988, 53 FR 20881] and nonproliferation issues, and foreign availability determinations. These The Bureau of Export Administration was activities are instrumental in reducing established as a separate agency within processing time for granting export the Department of Commerce on licenses and in keeping the list of October 1, 1987, to separate the controlled technology consistent with functions of export promotion and export current risks. This office also works with control as mandated by the Export our allies in seeking stronger, more Administration Act, as amended (50 U.S.C. app. 2401 et seq.). uniform ways of controlling strategic The Bureau directs the Nation’s export exports. control policy. Major functions include Export Enforcement This office processing license applications, investigates breaches of U.S. export conducting foreign availability studies to control laws and analyzes export determine when products should be intelligence to assess diversion risks. In decontrolled, and enforcing U.S. export addition, this office administers and control laws. enforces the antiboycott provisions of the Export Administration This office Export Administration Act. oversees export licensing, technology Field OfficesÐBureau of Export Administration

Field Area Address

Boston, MA ...... Rm. 350, 10 Causeway St., 02222 Dallas, TX ...... Rm. 622, 525 Griffin St., 75202 Des Plaines, IL ...... Suite 300, 2400 E. Devon Ave., 60018 Fort Lauderdale, FL ...... 200 E. Lasolas Blvd., 33301 154 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Field OfficesÐBureau of Export Administration—Continued

Field Area Address

Irvine, CA ...... Suite 310, 2601 Main St., 92714 Newport Beach, CA ...... Suite 345, 3300 Irvine Ave., 92660 San Jose, CA ...... Suite 250, 96 N. 3d St., 95112±5519 Santa Clara, CA ...... Suite 333, 5201 Great America Pkwy., 95054 Springfield, VA ...... Rm. 201, 8001 Forbes Pl., P.O. Box 1838, 22151 Staten Island, NY ...... 2 Teleport Dr., 10311

For further information, contact the Bureau of Export Administration, Office of Public Affairs, Room 3897, Fourteenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–2721.

Economic Development Administration

The Economic Development local development organizations, in Administration (EDA) was created in States and communities. 1965 under the Public Works and Technical assistance grants provide for Economic Development Act (42 U.S.C. local feasibility and industry studies, 3121) as part of an effort to target management and operational assistance, Federal resources to economically natural resource development, and distressed areas and to help develop export promotion. In addition, EDA local economies in the United States. It funds a network of university centers that was mandated to assist rural and urban provides technical assistance. communities that were outside the Research, evaluation, and mainstream economy and that, as a demonstration funds are used to support result, lagged in economic development, studies about the causes of economic industrial growth, and personal income. distress and to seek solutions to The Administration’s economic counteract and prevent such problems. development assistance programs Economic readjustment grants help (EDAP’s) are carried out through a communities adjust to a gradual erosion network of headquarters and regional or sudden dislocation of their local personnel. It provides grants for public economic structure. works and development facilities, Defense conversion grants assist planning and coordination, defense communities adversely affected by conversion, and other financial Department of Defense base closures assistance that help to reduce substantial and defense contract cutbacks, as well and persistent unemployment in as Department of Energy realignments, economically distressed areas. by providing development tools that can Public works and development be effectively and easily implemented. facilities grants support infrastructure The Trade Adjustment Assistance projects that foster the establishment or Program provides technical assistance to expansion of industrial and commercial certified firms and industries which have businesses, supporting the retention and been economically injured by the impact creation of jobs. of decreased imports. Comprehensive Planning grants support the design and technical assistance is provided through implementation of effective economic the Department’s wide-ranging network development policies and programs, by of assistance centers. Regional OfficesÐEconomic Development Administration

Region Address

Atlanta, GA ...... Suite 1820, 401 W. Peachtree St. NW., 30308±3510 Alabama ...... Rm. 134, 474 S. Court St., Montgomery, AL 36104 Florida ...... Rm. 423, 80 N. Hughey Ave., Orlando, FL 32801 Georgia ...... Suite 1820, 401 W. Peachtree St. NW., Atlanta, GA 30308±3510 Kentucky ...... Rm. 200, 771 Corporate Dr., Lexington, KY 40503±5477 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 155

Regional OfficesÐEconomic Development Administration—Continued

Region Address

Mississippi ...... Rm. 221, 100 W. Capitol St., Jackson, MS 39269 North Carolina ...... Rm. 128, 300 Fayetteville St. Mall, P.O. Box 2522, Raleigh, NC 27601 South Carolina ...... Rm. 840, Strom Thurmond Federal Bldg., Columbia, SC 29201 Tennessee ...... 261 Cumberland Bend Dr., Nashville, TN 37228 Austin, TX ...... Suite 201, 611 E. 6th St., 78701 Arkansas ...... Rm. 2509, 700 W. Capitol St., Little Rock, AR 72201 Louisiana ...... Rm. 104, 412 N. 4th St., Baton Rouge, LA 70802±5523 New Mexico ...... P.O. Box 2662, 120 S. Federal Pl., Santa Fe, NM 87501 Oklahoma ...... Suite 148, 5500 N. Western, Oklahoma City, OK 73118±4011 Texas ...... Suite 201, 611 E. 6th St., Austin, TX 78701 Chicago, IL ...... Suite 855, 111 N. Canal, 60606±7204 Illinois ...... Suite 204, 509 W. Capitol St., Springfield, IL 62704 Indiana ...... Rm. 402, 46 E. Ohio St., Indianapolis, IN 46204 Michigan ...... Rm. 1018, 100 N. Warren Ave., Saginaw, MI 48606±0667 Minnesota ...... Rm. 104, 515 W. 1st St., Duluth, MN 55802 Ohio ...... Rm. 607, 200 N. High St., Columbus, OH 43214 Wisconsin ...... Rm. 202, 505 S. Dewey St., Eau Claire, WI 54701 Denver, CO ...... Suite 670, 1244 Speer Blvd., 80204 Colorado and Kansas ...... Rm. 632, 1244 Speer Blvd., Denver, CO 80204 Iowa ...... Rm. 593A, 210 Walnut St., Des Moines, IA 50309 Missouri ...... Rm. 8308H, 1222 Spruce St., St. Louis, MO 63103 Montana ...... Rm. 196, Federal Bldg., Helena, MT 59626 North Dakota ...... P.O. Box 1911, Bismarck, ND 58501 South Dakota and Nebraska ...... Rm. 219, Federal Bldg., Pierre, SD 57501 Utah and Wyoming ...... 125 S. State St., Salt Lake City, UT 84138 Philadelphia, PA ...... 105 S. 7th St., 19106 Connecticut and Rhode Island ...... 450 Main St., Hartford, CT 06103 Maine ...... Rm. 410±D, 40 Western Ave., Augusta, ME 04330 Maryland, Delaware, and District of Colum- 2d Fl., 2568 Riva Rd., Annapolis, MD 21401 bia. Massachusetts ...... Rm. 420, 10 Causeway St., Boston, MA 02222±1036 New Hampshire and Vermont ...... Suite 209, 143 N. Main St., Concord, NH 03301 New Jersey ...... Rm. 703, 44 S. Clinton Ave., Trenton, NJ 08609 New York ...... Suite 104, 620 Erie Blvd. W., Syracuse, NY 13204 Pennsylvania ...... 1933A New Bernick Hwy., Bloomsburg, PA 17815 Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands ...... Rm. 620, 150 Carlos Chardon, Hato Rey, PR 00918±1738 Virginia ...... Rm. 8002, 400 N. 8th St., Richmond, VA 23240 West Virginia ...... Rm. 305, 550 Eagan St., Charleston, WV 25301 Seattle, WA ...... Rm. 1856, 915 2d Ave., 98174 Alaska ...... Rm. G±80, 605 W. 4th Ave., Anchorage, AK 99501±7594 Arizona ...... Rm. 3406, 230 N. 1st Ave., Phoenix, AZ 85025 California ...... Rm. 11105, 11000 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90024 ...... Suite A, 1345 J St., Sacramento, CA 95814 ...... Suite B, 1345 J St., Sacramento, CA 95814 Hawaii, Guam, American Samoa, Marshall P.O. Box 50264, Honolulu, HI 96850 Islands, Micronesia, and Northern Mari- anas. Idaho ...... Rm. 441, 304 N. 8th St., Boise, ID 83702 Oregon ...... Suite 244, 121 SW. Salmon St., Portland, OR 97204 Washington ...... Rm. 1856, 915 2d Ave., Seattle, WA 98174

For further information, contact the Economic Development Administration, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–5112. Fax, 202–482–0995.

International Trade Administration

[For the International Trade Administration statement The Administration is headed by the of organization, see the Federal Register of Jan. 25, 1980, 45 FR 6148] Under Secretary for International Trade, who coordinates all issues concerning The International Trade Administration import administration, international was established on January 2, 1980, by economic policy and programs, and the Secretary of Commerce to promote trade development. The Administration is world trade and to strengthen the responsible for nonagricultural trade international trade and investment position of the United States. operations of the U.S. Government and 156 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL supports the trade policy negotiation responsible for implementing, efforts of the U.S. Trade Representative. monitoring, and enforcing foreign Import Administration The Office of compliance with bilateral and the Assistant Secretary for Import multilateral trade agreements. Administration defends American Trade Development The Office of the industry against injurious and unfair Assistant Secretary for Trade trade practices by administering Development advises on international efficiently, fairly, and in a manner trade and investment policies pertaining consistent with U.S. international trade to U.S. industrial sectors, carries out obligations the antidumping and programs to strengthen domestic export countervailing duty laws of the United competitiveness, and promotes U.S. States; the machine tool arrangements industry participation in international with Japan and Taiwan under the markets. The Office manages an President’s Machine Tool Program; and integrated trade development program the U.S.-Japan Semiconductor that includes industry analysis and trade Agreement. The Office ensures the promotion organized by industry sectors, proper administration of foreign trade including technology and aerospace; zones and advises the Secretary on basic industries; service industries and establishment of new zones; and finance; textiles, apparel, and consumer administers programs governing watch goods; environmental technologies; and assemblies, and other statutory import tourism. programs. U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service Market Access and Compliance The The U.S. and Foreign Commercial Office of the Assistant Secretary for Service develops, produces, markets, and Market Access and Compliance advises manages an effective line of high-quality on the analysis, formulation, and products and services geared to the implementation of U.S. international marketing information needs of the U.S. economic policies and carries out exporting and international business programs to promote international trade, community. The Service delivers improve access by U.S. companies to programs through 85 domestic offices, overseas markets, and strengthen the including 15 U.S. export assistance international trade and investment centers located in the United States, and position of the United States. Through 133 posts located in 69 countries the five regional Deputy Assistant throughout the world. It supports Secretaries (Europe; Western overseas trade promotion events; Hemisphere; Asia and the Pacific; Africa manages a variety of export promotion and the Near East; and Japan), the Office services and products; promotes U.S. analyzes and develops recommendations products and services throughout the for region- and country-specific world market; conducts conferences and international economic, trade, and seminars in the United States; and assists investment policy strategies and State and private-sector organizations on objectives. In addition, the Office is export financing. Domestic OfficesÐInternational Trade Administration

Address Director/Manager Telephone Fax

Alabama (Rm. 707, 950 22d St. N., Birmingham, 35203) ...... George Norton ...... 205±731±1331 205±731±0076 Alaska (421 W. First St., World Trade Ctr., Anchorage, Charles Becker ...... 907±271±6237 907±271±6242 99501). Arizona (Suite 970, 2901 N. Central Ave., Phoenix, 85012) ... Frank Woods ...... 602±640±2513 602±640±2518 Arkansas (Suite 700, 425 W. Capitol Ave., Little Rock, Lon J. Hardin ...... 501±324±5794 501±324±7380 72201). California Long Beach (Suite 1670, One World Trade Ctr., 90831) ...... Mary Delmage, Acting ..... 310±980±4550 310±980±4561 Los Angeles (Rm. 9200, 11000 Wilshire Blvd., 90024) ...... Sherwin Chen ...... 310±235±7104 310±235±7220 Monterey (Suite 200, 411 Pacific St., 93940) ...... Joe Katz ...... 408±641±9850 408±641±9849 Novato (Suite 102, 330 Ignacio Blvd., 94949) ...... Elizabeth Krauth ...... 415±883±1966 415±883±2711 Oakland (Suite 740, 530 Water St., 94607) ...... Raj Shea ...... 510±273±7350 510±251±7352 Ontario (Suite 121, 2940 Inland Empire Blvd., 91764) ...... Fred Latuperissa ...... 909±466±4134 909±466±4140 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 157

Domestic OfficesÐInternational Trade Administration—Continued

Address Director/Manager Telephone Fax

Orange County (Suite 305, 3300 Irvine Ave., Newport Paul Tambakis ...... 714±660±1688 714±860±8039 Beach, 92660). Oxnard (Suite 290, 300 Esplanade Dr., 93030) ...... Gerald Vaughn ...... 805±988±4106 805±988±1862 Sacramento (2d Fl., 917 7th St., 95814) ...... Brooks Ohlson ...... 916±498±5155 916±498±5923 San Diego (Suite 230, 6363 Greenwich Dr., 92122) ...... Mary Delmage ...... 619±557±5395 619±557±6176 San Francisco (14th Fl. 250 Montgomery St., 94104) ...... Matt Andersen ...... 415±705±2300 415±705±2297 San Jose (Suite 1001, 101 Park Ctr. Plz., 95113) ...... James S. Kennedy ...... 408±271±7300 408±271±7307 Santa Clara (Rm. 456, 5201 Great America Pkwy., 95054) James Rigassio ...... 408±970±4610 408±970±4618 Colorado (Suite 680, 1625 Broadway, Denver, 80202) ...... Ann Tull ...... 303±844±6622 303±844±5651 Connecticut (Suite 903, 213 Court St., Middletown, 06457± Carl Jacobsen ...... 860±638±6950 860±638±6970 3346). Delaware (Suite 1501, 615 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA Maria Galindo ...... 215±597±6101 215±597±6123 19106). Florida Clearwater (1130 Cleveland St., 34615) ...... George Martinez ...... 813±461±0011 813±449±2889 Miami (Suite 617, 5600 NW. 36th St., 33166) ...... Peter B. Alois ...... 305±526±7425 305±526±7434 Orlando (Suite 1270, 200 E. Robinson St., 32801) ...... (Vacancy) ...... 407±648±6235 407±648±6756 Tallahassee (Rm. 366G, 107 West Gaines St., 32399) ...... Michael Higgins ...... 904±488±6469 904±487±1407 Georgia Atlanta (Suite 200, 285 Peachtree Ctr. Ave., 30303±1229) .. Tapan Banerjee ...... 404±657±1900 404±657±1970 Savannah (Suite 100, 6001 Chatham Ctr. Dr., 31405) ...... Barbara Prieto ...... 912±652±4204 912±652±4241 Hawaii (Rm. 4106, 300 Ala Moana Blvd., Honolulu, 96850) ... George B. Dolan ...... 808±541±1782 808±541±3435 Idaho (2d Fl., 700 W. State St., Boise, 83720) ...... Steve Thompson ...... 208±334±3857 208±334±2783 Illinois Chicago (Suite 2440, 55 W. Monroe St., 60603) ...... Stanley Bokota ...... 312±353±8040 312±353±8098 Highland Park (Suite 150, 610 Central Ave., 60035) ...... Robin F. Mugford ...... 847±681±8010 847±681±8012 Rockford (515 N. Court St., 61110) ...... James Mied ...... 815±987±8123 815±963±7943 Wheaton (201 E. Loop Rd., 60187) ...... Roy Dube ...... 312±353±4332 312±353±4336 Indiana (Suite 106, 11405 N. Pennsylvania St., Carmel, Dan Swart ...... 317±582±2300 317±582±2301 46032). Iowa (Rm. 817, 210 Walnut St., Des Moines, 50309) ...... (Vacancy) ...... 515±284±4222 515±284±4021 Kansas (151 N. Volutsia, Wichita, 67214) ...... George D. Lavid ...... 316±269±6160 316±683±7326 Kentucky Louisville (Rm. 6348, 601 W. Broadway, 40202) ...... John Autin ...... 502±582±5066 502±582±6573 Somerset (Suite 320, 2292 S. Hwy. 27, 42501) ...... Sara Melton ...... 606±677±6160 606±677±6161 Louisiana (Suite 2150, 365 Canal St., New Orleans, 70130) David Spann ...... 504±589±6546 504±589±2337 Maine (511 Congress St., Portland, 04101) ...... Jeffrey Porter ...... 207±541±7400 207±541±7420 Maryland (Suite 2432, 401 E. Pratt St., Baltimore, 21202) ..... Michael Keaveny ...... 410±962±4539 410±962±4529 Massachusetts Boston (Suite 307, 164 Northern Ave., 02210) ...... Frank J. O'Connor ...... 617±424±5990 617±424±5992 Marlborough (Unit 102, 100 Granger Blvd., 01752) ...... William Davis ...... 508±624±6000 508±624±7145 Michigan Ann Arbor (Suite 103, 425 S. Main St., 48104) ...... Paul Litton ...... 313±741±2430 313±741±2432 Detroit (Suite 2220, 211 W. Fort St., 48226) ...... Neil Hesse ...... 313±226±3650 313±226±3657 Grand Rapids (Suite 718±S, 301 W. Fulton St., 49504) ...... Thomas Maguire ...... 616±458±3564 616±458±3872 Pontiac (Oakland Pointe Office Bldg., 250 Elizabeth Lake Richard Corson ...... 810±975±9600 810±975±9606 Rd., 48341). Minnesota (Rm. 108, 110 S. 4th St., Minneapolis, 55401) ..... Ronald E. Kramer ...... 612±348±1638 612±348±1650 Mississippi (Suite 310, 201 W. Capitol St., Jackson, 39201) .. (Vacancy) ...... 601±965±4388 601±965±5386 Missouri Kansas City (Rm. 635, 601 E. 12th St., 64106) ...... Rick Villalobos ...... 816±426±3141 816±426±3140 St. Louis (Suite 303, 8182 Maryland Ave., 63105) ...... Randall J. LaBounty ...... 314±425±3302 314±425±3381 Montana (2d Fl., 700 W. State St., Boise, ID 83720) ...... Steve Thompson ...... 208±334±3857 208±334±2783 Nebraska (11135 ``O'' St., Omaha, 68137) ...... Allen Patch ...... 402±221±3664 402±221±3668 Nevada (Suite 152, 1755 E. Plumb La., Reno, 89502) ...... Jere Dabbs ...... 702±784±5203 702±784±5343 New Hampshire (Suite 29, 601 Spaulding Tpk., Portsmouth, Susan Berry ...... 603±334±6074 603±334±6110 03801). New Jersey Newark (9th Fl., 7±45 Raymond Plz. W., 07102) ...... Tom Rosengren ...... 201±645±4682 201±645±4783 Trenton (Suite 100, 3131 Princeton Pk., 08648) ...... Rod Stuart ...... 609±989±2100 609±989±2395 New Mexico (P.O. Box 20003, Santa Fe, 87504±5003) ...... Sandra Necessary ...... 505±827±0350 505±827±0263 New York Buffalo (Rm. 1304, 111 W. Huron St., 14202) ...... George Buchanan ...... 716±551±4191 716±551±5290 Harlem (Suite 904, 163 W. 125th St., New York, 10027) ..... K. L. Fredericks ...... 212±860±6200 212±860±6203 Long Island (Rm. 207, 1550 Franklin Ave., Mineola 11501) George Soteros ...... 516±739±1765 516±571±4161 New York (Rm. 635, 6 World Trade Ctr., 10048) ...... Joel W. Barkan, Acting .... 212±466±5222 212±264±1356 Rochester (Suite 220, 111 East Ave., 14604) ...... James C. Mariano ...... 716±263±6480 716±325±6505 Westchester (707 W. Chester Ave., White Plains, 10604) ... William Spitler ...... 914±682±6218 914±682±6698 North Carolina Charlotte (Suite 435, 521 E. Morehead St., 28202) ...... Roger Fortner ...... 704±333±4886 704±332±2681 Greensboro (Suite 400, 400 W. Market St., 27401) ...... Samuel P. Troy ...... 910±333±5345 910±333±5158 North Dakota (Rm. 108, 110 S. 4th St., Minneapolis, MN Ronald E. Kramer ...... 612±348±1638 612±348±1650 55401). Ohio Cincinnati (Suite 700, 36 E. 7th St., 45202) ...... Michael Miller ...... 513±684±2944 513±684±3227 158 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Domestic OfficesÐInternational Trade Administration—Continued

Address Director/Manager Telephone Fax

Cleveland (Suite 700, 600 Superior Ave. E., 44114) ...... John McCartney ...... 216±522±4750 216±522±2235 Columbus (4th Fl., 37 N. High St., 43215) ...... (Vacancy) ...... 614±365±9510 614±365±9598 Toledo (300 Madison Ave., 43604) ...... Robert Abrahams ...... 419±241±0683 419±241±0684 Oklahoma Oklahoma City (Suite 330, 301 NW. 63d St., 73116) ...... Ronald L. Wilson ...... 405±231±5302 405±231±4211 Tulsa (Rm. 505, 440 S. Houston St., 74127) ...... Thomas Strauss ...... 918±581±7650 918±581±2844 Oregon Eugene (1401 Willamette St., 97401±4003) ...... Pamela Ward ...... 541±465±6575 541±465±6704 Portland (Suite 242, 121 SW. Salmon St., 97204) ...... Denny Barnes ...... 503±326±3001 503±326±6351 Pennsylvania Harrisburg (3d Fl., 417 Walnut St., 17101) ...... Deborah Doherty ...... 717±232±0051 717±232±0054 Philadelphia (Suite 1501, 615 Chestnut St., 19106) ...... Maria Galindo ...... 215±597±6101 215±597±6123 Pittsburgh (2002 Federal Bldg, 1000 Liberty Ave., 15222) ... Ted Amn ...... 412±644±2850 412±644±4875 Scranton (Suite B, One Montage Mt. Rd., Moosic, 18507) ... Henry LaBlanc ...... 717±969±2530 717±969±2539 Puerto Rico (Rm. G±55, Chardon Ave., Hato Rey, 00918) .... J. Enrique Vilella ...... 787±766±5555 787±766±5692 Rhode Island (One W. Exchange St., Providence, 02903) ..... Raimond Meerbach ...... 401±528±5104 401±528±5067 South Carolina Charleston (81 Mary St., 29403) ...... David Kuhlmeier ...... 803±727±4051 803±727±4052 Columbia (Suite 172, 1835 Assembly St., 29201) ...... Ann Watts ...... 803±765±5345 803±253±3614 Greenville (Suite 109, 555 N. Pleasantburg Dr., 29607) ...... Denis Csizmadia ...... 864±271±1976 864±271±4171 South Dakota (Rm. SS±29A, 2001 S. Summit Ave., Sioux Harvey Timberlake ...... 605±330±4264 605±330±4266 Falls, 57197). Tennessee Knoxville (301 E. Church Ave., 37915) ...... Thomas McGinty ...... 423±545±4637 423±545±4435 Memphis (Suite 200, 22 N. Front St., 38103) ...... Ree Russell ...... 901±544±4137 901±544±3646 Nashville (Suite 114, 404 James Robertson Pkwy, 37219) .. Jim Charlet ...... 615±736±5161 615±736±2454 Texas Austin (2d Fl., 1700 Congress, 78701) ...... Karen Parker ...... 512±916±5939 512±916±5940 Dallas (Suite 170, 2050 N. Stemmons Fwy., 75207) ...... Bill Schrage ...... 214±767±0542 214±767±8240 Fort Worth (100 E. 15th St., 76102) ...... Vavie Sellschopp ...... 817±871±6001 817±871±6031 Houston (Suite 1160, 500 Dallas, 77002) ...... James D. Cook ...... 713±718±3062 713±718±3060 San Antonio (Suite 450, 1222 N. Main, 78212) ...... Mitchel Auerbach ...... 210±228±9878 210±228±9874 Utah (Suite 105, 324 S. State St., Salt Lake City, 84111) ...... Stephen P. Smoot ...... 801±524±5116 801±524±5886 Vermont (4th Fl., 109 State St., Montpelier, 05609) ...... James Cox ...... 802±828±4508 802±828±3258 Virginia (Suite 550, 740 E. Franklin St., Richmond, 23219) ... Phillip A. Ouzts ...... 804±771±2246 804±771±2390 Washington Seattle (Suite 650, 2001 6th Ave., 98121) ...... Lisa Kjaer-Schade ...... 206±553±5615 206±553±7253 Spokane (1020 W. Riverside, 99210) ...... James K. Hellwig ...... 509±459±4125 509±747±0077 West Virginia Charleston (Suite 807, 405 Capitol St., 25301) ...... W. Davis Coale, Jr...... 304±347±5123 304±347±5408 Wheeling (2d Fl., 1310 Market St., 26003) ...... Martha Butwin ...... 304±233±7472 304±233±7492 Wisconsin (Rm. 596, 517 E. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, Paul D. Churchill ...... 414±297±3473 414±297±3470 53202). Wyoming (Suite 680, 1625 Broadway, Denver, 80202) ...... Ann Tull ...... 303±844±6622 303±844±5651 EASTERN REGION (Suite 2450, 401 E. Pratt St., Baltimore, Thomas Cox ...... 410±962±2805 410±962±2799 MD 21202). MID-EASTERN REGION (Suite 2025, 36 E. 7th St., Cin- Gordon B. Thomas ...... 513±684±2947 513±684±3200 cinnati, OH 45202). MID-WESTERN REGION (Suite 1011, 8182 Maryland Ave., Sandra Gerley ...... 314±425±3300 314±425±3375 St. Louis, MO 63105). WESTERN REGION (14th Fl., 250 Montgomery St., San Keith Bovetti ...... 415±705±2310 415±705±2299 Francisco, CA 94104).

For further information, contact the International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–3809.

Minority Business Development Agency

[For the Minority Business Development Agency November 1, 1979, and operates under statement of organization, see the Federal Register of Mar. 17, 1972, 37 FR 5650, as amended] the authority of Executive Order 11625 of October 13, 1971. The Agency The Minority Business Development develops and coordinates a national Agency, formerly the Office of Minority program for minority business enterprise. Business Enterprise, was established by The Agency was created to assist the Secretary of Commerce on minority businesses in achieving DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 159 effective and equitable participation in Centers. Specialized business assistance the American free enterprise system and is available to minority firms or potential in overcoming social and economic entrepreneurs. disadvantages that have limited their The Agency promotes and coordinates participation in the past. The Agency the efforts of other Federal agencies in provides national policies and leadership in forming and strengthening a assisting or providing market partnership of business, industry, and opportunities for minority business. It government with the Nation’s minority coordinates opportunities for minority businesses. firms in the private sector. Through such Management and technical assistance public and private cooperative activities, is provided to minority firms on request, the Agency promotes the participation of primarily through a network of Minority Federal, State, and local governments, Business Development Centers funded and business and industry in directing by the Agency, as well as Minority resources for the development of strong Enterprise Growth Assistance (MEGA) minority businesses. Regional OfficesÐMinority Business Development Agency

Region Address Director Telephone

Atlanta, GA ...... Suite 1715, 401 W. Peachtree St. NW., 30308±3516 ... Robert Henderson ...... 404±730±3300 Chicago, IL ...... Suite 1406, 55 E. Monroe St., 60603 ...... David Vega ...... 312±353±0182 Dallas, TX ...... Suite 7B23, 1100 Commerce St., 75242 ...... Bobby Jefferson, Acting 214±767±8001 New York, NY ...... Suite 37±20, 26 Federal Plz., 10278 ...... Heyward Davenport ...... 212±264±3262 San Francisco, CA ..... Rm. 1280, 221 Main St., 94105 ...... Melda Cabrera ...... 415±744±3001

District OfficesÐMinority Business Development Agency

District Address Officer Telephone

Boston, MA ...... Rm. 418, 10 Causeway St., 02222±1041 ...... Rochelle K. Schwartz .. 617±565±6850 El Monte, CA ...... Suite 455, 9660 Flair Dr., 91713 ...... Rodolfo Guerra ...... 818±453±8636 Miami, FL ...... Rm. 1314, 51 SW. 1st Ave., 33130 ...... Rodolfo Suarez ...... 305±536±5054 Philadelphia, PA ...... Rm. 10128, 600 Arch St., 19106 ...... Alfonso C. Jackson ..... 215±597±9236

For further information, contact the Office of External Affairs, Minority Business Development Agency, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–4547.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 Phone, 202–482–2985

[For the National Oceanic and Atmospheric The Administration’s mission is to Administration statement of organization, see the Federal Register of Feb. 13, 1978, 43 FR 6128] explore, map, and chart the global ocean and its living resources and to The National Oceanic and Atmospheric manage, use, and conserve those Administration was formed on October resources; to describe, monitor, and 3, 1970, by Reorganization Plan No. 4 predict conditions in the atmosphere, of 1970 (5 U.S.C. app.). Its principal ocean, Sun, and space environment; to functions are authorized by title 15, issue warnings against impending chapter 9, United States Code (National destructive natural events; to assess the Weather Service); title 33, chapter 17, consequences of inadvertent United States Code (National Ocean environmental modification over several Survey); and title 16, chapter 9, United scales of time; and to manage and States Code (National Marine Fisheries disseminate long-term environmental Service). information. 160 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The Administration is responsible for dumping; and develops sound national reporting the weather of the United policies in the areas of ocean mining States and its possessions and provides and energy. It provides Federal weather forecasts to the general public; leadership in promoting wise and issuing warnings against such destructive balanced management of the Nation’s natural events as hurricanes, tornadoes, coastal zone. floods, and tsunamis; and providing In addition, the Administration services in support of aviation, marine provides satellite observations of the activities, agriculture, forestry, urban air- environment by operating a national quality control, and other weather- environmental satellite system; and sensitive activities. The Administration conducts an integrated program of also monitors and reports all non-Federal research and services relating to the weather modification activities oceans and inland waters, the lower and conducted in the United States. upper atmosphere, space environment, The Administration conducts an and the Earth to increase understanding integrated program of management, of the geophysical environment. It research, and services related to the acquires, stores, and disseminates protection and rational use of living worldwide environmental data through a marine resources and their habitats, and system of meteorological, protects marine mammals and oceanographic, geodetic, and endangered marine species. It prepares seismological data centers. and issues nautical and aeronautical The Administration also manages and charts, provides the Nation’s precise directs the oceanic research programs by geodetic surveys, and conducts broad providing grants to institutions for marine research programs in marine and research, education, and advisory atmospheric sciences, solar-terrestrial services; develops a system of data physics, and experimental meteorology. buoys for automatically obtaining and The Administration also predicts tides, disseminating marine environmental currents, and the state of the oceans; data; and promotes the development of conducts research and development technology to meet future needs of the aimed at providing alternatives to ocean marine community. Field OrganizationÐNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Organization Address/Telephone Director

National Weather Service Headquarters ...... 1325 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, MD 20910± Elbert W. Friday, Jr. 3283. Phone, 301±713±0689. Office of Meteorology ...... 1325 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, MD 20910± Louis W. Uccellini 3283. Phone, 301±713±0700. Office of Hydrology ...... 1325 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, MD 20910± Danny L. Fread 3283. Phone, 301±713±1658. National Centers for Environmental 5200 Auth Rd., Camp Springs, MD 20746±4304. Ronald D. McPherson Prediction. Phone, 301±763±8016. Office of Systems Development ...... 1325 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, MD 20910± Douglas H. Sargeant 3283. Phone, 301±713±0745. Office of Systems Operations ...... 1325 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, MD 20910± Walter Telesetsky 3283. Phone, 301±713±0165. National Data Buoy Center ...... Rm. 344, Bldg. 1100, Stennis Space Center, MS Jerry C. McCall 39529±6000. Phone, 601±688±2800. Eastern region ...... 630 Johnson Ave., Bohemia, NY 11716±2626. John T. Forsing Phone, 516±244±0100. Southern region ...... Rm. 10A26, 819 Taylor St., Fort Worth, TX Harry S. Hassel 76102±6171. Phone, 817±334±2651. Central region ...... Rm. 1836, 601 E. 12th St., Kansas City, MO Richard P. Augulis 64106±2897. Phone, 816±426±5400. Training center ...... Rm. 116, 617 Hardesty St., Kansas City, MO John L. Vogel 64124±3097. Phone, 816±374±6238. Western region ...... Rm. 1210, 125 S. State St., Salt Lake City, UT Thomas D. Potter 84138±1102. Phone, 801±524±6295. Alaska region ...... Rm. 517, 222 W. 7th Ave., Anchorage, AK Richard J. Hutcheon 99513±7575. Phone, 907±271±5136. Pacific region ...... Suite 2200, 737 Bishop St., Honolulu, HI 96813. Richard H. Hagemeyer Phone, 808±532±6413. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 161

Field OrganizationÐNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration—Continued

Organization Address/Telephone Director

Office of the Federal Coordinator for 1500 Ctr., 8455 Colesville Rd., Silver Spring, MD Julian (Skip) Wright, Jr. Meteorological Services and Support- 20910±3315. Phone, 301±427±2002. ing Research. National Marine Fisheries Service Headquarters ...... 1315 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, MD 20910. Rolland A. Schmitten Phone, 301±713±2239. Alaska region ...... P.O. Box 21668, Juneau, AK 99802±1668. Steven Pennoyer Phone, 907±586±7221. Alaska Fisheries Science Center ...... Bin C15700, Bldg. 4, 7600 Sand Point Way NE., William Aron Seattle, WA 98115. Phone, 206±526±4000. Northwest region ...... Bin C15700, Bldg. 1, 7600 Sand Point Way NE., William W. Stelle, Jr. Seattle, WA 98115±0070. Phone, 206±526± 6150. Northwest Fisheries Science Center .. 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112. Usha Varanasi Phone, 206±860±3200. Northeast region ...... 1 Blackburn Dr., Gloucester, MA 01930. Phone, Andrew Rosenberg 508±281±9250. Northeast Fisheries Science Center .. 166 Water St., Woods Hole, MA 02543. Phone, Michael Sissenwine 508±548±5123. Southeast region ...... 9721 Executive Ctr. Dr. N., St. Petersburg, FL Andrew J. Kammerer 33702. Phone, 813±570±5301. Southeast Fisheries Science Center .. 75 Virginia Beach Dr., Miami, FL 33149. Phone, Brad Brown 305±361±5761. Southwest region ...... Suite 4200, 501 W. Ocean Blvd., Long Beach, Hilda Diaz-Soltero CA 90802. Phone, 310±980±4001. Southwest Fisheries Science Center P.O. Box 271, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Michael Tillman Jolla, CA 92038. Phone, 619±546±7000. National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service Headquarters ...... Rm. 2069, 4401 Suitland Rd., Suitland, MD Robert S. Winokur 20233. Phone, 301±457±5115. Satellite operations ...... Rm. 0135, 4401 Suitland Rd., Suitland, MD Gary K. Davis 20233. Phone, 301±457±5130. Satellite data processing and distribu- Rm. 1069, 4401 Suitland Rd., Suitland, MD Helen M. Wood tion. 20233. Phone, 301±457±5120. Research and applications ...... NOAA Science Center, 5200 Auth Rd., Camp George Ohring, Acting Springs, MD 20233. Phone, 301±763±8127. Systems development ...... Rm. 3301C, 4401 Suitland Rd., Suitland, MD W. John Hussey 20233. Phone, 301±457±5277. National Climatic Data Center ...... 151 Patton Ave., Asheville, NC 28801±5001. Kenneth D. Hadeen Phone, 704±271±4476. National Geophysical Data Center ..... RL±3, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303±3328. Michael S. Loughridge, Acting Phone, 303±497±6215. National Oceanographic Data Center 1315 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, MD 20910. Henry Frey Phone, 301±713±3267. National Ocean Service Headquarters ...... Rm. 13632, 1305 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, W. Stanley Wilson MD 20910. Phone, 301±713±3074. NOAA Coastal Services Center ...... Bin C15700, 2224 S. Hobson Ave., Charleston, Margaret Davidson SC 29405±2409. Phone, 803±974±6200. Pacific office ...... Bin C15700, 7600 Sand Point Way NE., Seattle, David M. Kennedy WA 98115. Phone, 206±526±6317. Coast survey ...... Rm. 6147, 1315 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, Frank W. Maloney MD 20910. Phone, 301±713±2770. Aeronautical charting ...... Rm. 3426, 1305 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, Terry M. Laydom, Acting MD 20910. Phone, 301±713±2619. National Geodetic Survey ...... Rm. 8657, 1315 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, Lewis A. Lapine MD 20910. Phone, 301±713±3222. Ocean resources conservation and Rm. 10409, 1305 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, Charles N. Ehler assessment. MD 20910. Phone, 301±713±2989. Marine sanctuaries and reserves ...... Rm. 12520, 1305 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, Stephanie Thornton MD 20910. Phone, 301±713±3125. Ocean and coastal resource manage- Rm. 11523, 1305 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, Jeffrey R. Benoit ment. MD 20910. Phone, 301±713±3155. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Headquarters ...... Rm. 11627, 1315 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, Alan R. Thomas, Acting MD 20910. Phone, 301±713±2458. Environmental Research Laboratories Rm. 11640, 1315 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, James L. Rasmussen MD 20910. Phone, 301±713±2458. Forecast Systems Laboratory ...... 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303. Phone, 303± Alexander E. MacDonald 497±6818. Space Environmental Laboratory ...... 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303. Phone, 303± Ernest Hildner 497±3314. Aeronomy Laboratory ...... 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303. Phone, 303± Daniel L. Albritton 497±3134. 162 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Field OrganizationÐNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration—Continued

Organization Address/Telephone Director

Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303. Phone, 303± Dave Hofman Laboratory. 497±6074. Climate Diagnostics Center ...... 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303. Phone, 303± Randall M. Dole 497±6878. Great Lakes Environmental Research 2205 Commonwealth, Ann Arbor, MI 48105± Peter Landrum, Acting Laboratory. 1593. Phone, 313±741±2244. National Severe Storms Laboratory ... 1313 Halley Cir., Norman, OK 73069. Phone, James Kimpel 405±366±0427. National Undersea Research Pro- Rm. 11837, 1315 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, Barbara S.P. Moore gram. MD 20910. Phone, 301±713±2448. National Sea Grant College Program Rm. 11716, 1315 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, Ronald Baird MD 20910. Phone, 301±713±2427. Office of Finance and Administration Headquarters ...... Rm. 6811, 14th St. and Constitution Ave. NW., Joseph Kammerer Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202±482± 2291. Office of Civil Rights ...... Rm. 13356, 1315 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, Alfred A. Corea MD 20910. Phone, 301±713±0500. Management and Budget Office ...... Rm. 6863, 14th St. and Constitution Ave. NW., Tyra Smith, Acting Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202±482± 2300. Budget Office ...... Rm. 6116, 14th St. and Constitution Ave. NW., Pete Olivere, Acting Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202±482± 4600. Finance Office ...... Rm. 3110, Century 21 Bldg., Germantown, MD R.J. Dominic 20874±1143. Phone, 301±413±8795. Environmental compliance staff ...... Rm. 10148, 1305 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, Capt. Donald Suloff MD 20910. Phone, 301±713±0845. Human Resources Management Of- 1305 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, MD 20910. Stewart Remer fice. Phone, 301±713±0530. Information Systems Office ...... Rm. 724, 6100 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD Frank DiGialleonardo 20852±3809. Phone, 301±413±1300. Acquisition, Grants, and Facilities Of- Rm. 4131, 1305 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, Richard de la Menardiere fice. MD 20910. Phone, 301±713±0836. Eastern Administrative Support Cen- Suite 201, 200 World Trade Ctr., Norfolk, VA Gerald R. Lucas ter. 23510±1624. Phone, 757±441±6864. Mountain Administrative Support Cen- 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303±3228. Andrew Moxam ter. Phone, 303±497±6370. NOAA Corps Operations Headquarters ...... Rm. 12857, 1315 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, Rear Adm. William L. MD 20910±3282. Phone, 301±713±1045. Stubblefield Atlantic Marine Center ...... 439 W. York St., Norfolk, VA 23510±1114. Rear Adm. John Cialbright Phone, 757±441±6776. Commissioned Personnel Center ...... 1315 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, MD 20910. Capt. Evelyn Fields Phone, 301±713±3475. Pacific Marine Center ...... 1801 Fairview Ave. E., Seattle, WA 98102±3767. Rear Adm. John C. Albright Phone, 206±553±7656. Aircraft Operations Center ...... 7917 Hangar Loop Dr., MacDill AFB, 33621± Capt. George C. Player III 5401. Phone, 813±828±3310.

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–4190.

National Telecommunications and Information Administration

[For the National Telecommunications and U.S.C. app.) and Executive Order 12046 Information Administration statement of of March 27, 1978 (3 CFR, 1978 Comp., organization, see the Federal Register of June 5, 1978, 43 FR 24348] p. 158), by combining the Office of Telecommunications Policy, Executive The National Telecommunications and Office of the President, and the Information Administration (NTIA) was Department of Commerce’s Office of established in 1978 pursuant to Telecommunications to form a new Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977 (5 agency reporting to the Secretary of DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 163

Commerce. Its functions are detailed in Institute for Telecommunication Sciences the National Telecommunications and (ITS), headquartered in Boulder, Information Administration Organization Colorado; Act (47 U.S.C. 901 et. seq.). —providing grants through the The Public Telecommunications Telecommunications and Information Facilities Program (PTFP) was transferred Infrastructure Assistance Program for to NTIA in 1979 from the Department of planning and demonstration projects to Health, Education, and Welfare pursuant promote the goals of the development to the Public Telecommunications and widespread availability of advanced Financing Act of 1978 (47 U.S.C. 390 et telecommunications technologies, to seq.), to take advantage of NTIA’s enhance the delivery of social services technical and policy expertise. Also, and generally serve the public interest, NTIA administers the National to promote access to government Endowment for Children’s Educational information and increase civic Television under title 47 United States participation, and to support the Code, section 394. development of an advanced nationwide The Administration’s principal telecommunications and information responsibilities and functions include: infrastructure; —serving as the principal executive branch adviser to the President on —providing grants through the Public telecommunications and information Telecommunications Facilities Program policy; to extend delivery of public —developing and presenting U.S. telecommunications services to U.S. plans and policies at international citizens, to increase ownership and communications conferences and related management by women and minorities, meetings; and to strengthen the capabilities of —prescribing policies for and existing public broadcasting stations to managing Federal use of the radio provide telecommunications services; frequency spectrum, in accordance with and Executive Order 12046, issued under —monitoring grants awarded through section 305 of the Communications Act the National Endowment for Children’s of 1934, as amended (47 U.S.C. 305); Educational Television to enhance the —serving as the principal Federal creation and production of educational telecommunications research and television programming for children to engineering laboratory, through NTIA’s develop fundamental intellectual skills.

For further information, contact the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–1551.

Patent and Trademark Office

[For the Patent and Trademark Office statement of Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) organization, see the Federal Register of Apr. 14, 1975, 40 FR 16707] grants patents and registers trademarks to qualified applicants. The patent system was established by The Office examines applications for Congress ‘‘. . . to promote the progress patents to determine if the applicants are of . . . the useful arts. . .’’ under Article entitled to patents under the law and I, section 8, U.S. Constitution (title 35, grants the patents when they are so United States Code: Patents). The entitled. The patent law provides for the registration of trademarks is based on the granting of patents in three major commerce clause of the U.S. categories: utility patents, design patents, Constitution (title 15, United States and plant patents. The term of a design Code, chapter 22: Trademarks). The patent is 14 years from the date of grant. 164 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The term of utility and plant patents is throughout the country. The patent 20 years measured from the earliest system fosters innovation, investment in effective U.S. filing date, if the developing and marketing inventions, application for patent was filed on or and prompt disclosure of technological after June 8, 1995.For utility or plant information. patents that were in force on June 8, About 78,500 trademarks were 1995, or that result from an application registered for fiscal year 1996, and 7,346 filed prior to June 8, 1995, the term shall trademark registrations were renewed. A be the longer of 17 years measured from trademark includes any distinctive word, the date of grant or 20 years measured name, symbol, device, or any from the earliest effective U.S. filing combination thereof adopted and used, date. or intended to be used, by a All utility patents are subject to the manufacturer or merchant to identify his payment of maintenance fees. Effective goods or services and distinguish them June 8, 1995, applicants may file from those manufactured or sold by provisional applications for patents in others. Trademarks, registered for 10 the PTO. Provisional applications are years, with renewal rights of equal term, available for utility and plant inventions are examined by the Office for but not design inventions. Provisional compliance with various statutory applications are not examined and will requirements to prevent unfair become abandoned by operation of law competition and consumer deception. within one year of the filing date of the In addition to the examination of provisional application. The provisional patent and trademark applications, application itself cannot mature into a issuance of patents, and registration of patent. However, if applicants wish to trademarks, the Patent and Trademark obtain a patent on the invention Office: disclosed in a provisional application, applicants must file a nonprovisional —sells printed copies of issued patents application not later than 12 months and trademark registrations; from the filing date of the provisional —records and indexes documents application. transferring ownership; The Office also issues Statutory —maintains a scientific library and Invention Registrations, which have the search files containing over 30 million defensive but not the enforceable documents, including U.S. and foreign attributes of a patent. It also processes patents and U.S. trademarks; international applications for patents under the provisions of the Patent —provides search rooms for the public Cooperation Treaty as an International to research their applications; Searching Authority under Chapter I of —hears and decides appeals from the Treaty and as an International prospective inventors and trademark Preliminary Examining Authority under applicants; Chapter II of the Treaty. —participates in legal proceedings Over 116,500 patents providing involving the issue of patents or inventors with exclusive rights were registration of trademarks; issued for the fiscal year of 1996. —advocates strengthening intellectual Effective January 1, 1996, patentees have property protection worldwide; the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling the —compiles the Official Gazettes, a invention throughout the U.S. or weekly notice of patents issued and importing the invention into the U.S. trademarks registered by the Office, during the term of their patent. Patents including other information; and and trademarks may be reviewed and —maintains a roster of patent agents searched in the PTO and in over 78 and attorneys qualified and recognized patent and trademark depository libraries to practice before the Office. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 165

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Patent and Trademark Office, Washington, DC 20231. Phone, 703–305–8341. The Office’s operations are located at 2121 Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA 22202.

Technology Administration

The Technology Administration was ensuring that industry’s interests are established by Congress in 1988 (15 reflected in standards and technology U.S.C. 3704). It is headed by the Under agreements and civilian technology Secretary for Technology, who serves as policy. It also assists Federal, State, and a principal adviser to the Secretary of local officials, industry, and academic Commerce and as the Department’s institutions in promoting the spokesperson for science and technology technological growth and issues. competitiveness of the U.S. economy. The Technology Administration serves as the premier technology agency For further information, call 202–482–5687. working with U.S. industry in addressing National Institute of Standards and competitiveness and in exercising Technology leadership both within the Department of Commerce and governmentwide. It The National Institute of Standards and discharges this role through the Office of Technology (NIST) assists industry in Technology Policy (OTP) by advocating developing technology to improve coherent policies for maximizing the product quality, modernize impact of technology on economic manufacturing processes, ensure product growth; through the National Institute of reliability, and facilitate rapid Standards and Technology (NIST) by commercialization of products based on carrying out technology programs with new scientific discoveries. U.S. industry; and through the National The Institute’s primary mission is to Technical Information Service (NTIS) by promote U.S. economic growth by disseminating technology information. working with industry to develop and The Office of Air and Space apply technology, measurements, and Commercialization, in the Office of the standards. It carries out this mission Under Secretary, develops policies through four major programs: fostering the competitiveness of the U.S. —an Advanced Technology Program commercial space sector. (ATP) that provides cost-shared awards to industry to develop high-risk enabling For further information, call 202–482–1575. technologies with significant commercial pay-offs and widespread benefits to the Office of Technology Policy economy; The primary role of the Office of —a Manufacturing Extension Technology Policy is to offer assistance Partnership (MEP), a nationwide network to private sector and government of extension centers and experts offering communities in advocating and pursuing technical and business assistance to policies that maximize the impact of smaller manufacturers in adopting new technology on economic growth, and by technologies and business practices; exercising leadership to define the role —a strong laboratory effort that of government in supporting U.S. provides technical leadership for the industrial competitiveness in the post- Nation’s measurement and standards cold war environment. The Office serves infrastructure and ensures the availability as a liaison to the private sector, of needed measurement capability to identifying barriers to the rapid promote the U.S. economy and public commercialization of technology, welfare, with research mainly performed eliciting support for Administration in the areas of electronics and electrical civilian technology policies, and engineering, manufacturing engineering, 166 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL chemical science and technology, connects to several hundred Federal on- physics, materials science and line systems; and offers instant electronic engineering, building and fire research, delivery of selected products from NTIS. and information technology; and FedWorld provides both dial-up and —a quality outreach program that is Internet access to information from associated with the Malcolm Baldrige numerous Government agencies and National Quality Award for quality programs, at no charge to the public. achievements in the areas of The NTIS Preview Database on manufacturing, service, and small FedWorld contains titles entered into business. the NTIS collection within the last 30 For further information, call 301–975–3058. Fax, days (approximately 7,000 new products 301–926–1630. E-mail, [email protected]. Internet, each month). The database is a 30-day http://www.nist.gov/. rolling window of citations updated semimonthly. Half of the citations are National Technical Information removed midmonth, and newer citations Service are added. The National Technical Information To connect to FedWorld, set modem Service (NTIS) is the Nation’s largest parity to none, data bits to 8, and stop central clearinghouse and bit to 1. Set terminal emulation to ANSI. governmentwide resource for scientific, Set duplex to full. Then set your technical, engineering, and other communications software to dial business-related information. It acquires FedWorld at 703–321–FEDW. To information from U.S. Government connect to FedWorld on the Internet, agencies and their contractors, as well as either telnet to fedworld.gov, or ftp to from foreign, primarily governmental, ftp.fedworld.gov, or point your Web sources. The Service is a self-supporting browser to http://www.fedworld.gov/. For Federal agency within the Technology more information or technical assistance, Administration of the Department of please call the FedWorld help desk at Commerce. 703–487–4223. The Service’s collection of NTIS Database The NTIS Bibliographic information, exceeding 2.5 million Database is available on CD–ROM or works, covers current events, business online through commercial vendors and management studies, research and listed in the free NTIS Products and development, manufacturing, standards, Services Catalog (PR–827NEB). The translations of foreign works, foreign and database is also available to research domestic trade, general statistics, and and development organizations and more. Since the implementation of the agencies on direct lease. For more American Technology Preeminence Act information, call 703–487–4929. (ATPA), NTIS is able to offer an even Subject Area Selections The Service more diverse and practical range of has a large collection of information on information. The Act requires all Federal the environment—including handbooks agencies to transfer, in a timely manner, and guides, regulations and updates, unclassified scientific, technical, and economic studies, and applied engineering information resulting from technology. It is the exclusive distributor federally funded research and of Superfund documents. For the free development activities to NTIS. The catalog Environment Highlights, ask for Service’s multimedia products range PR–868NEB. from paper copy technical reports and The Service distributes health care periodicals to CD–ROM’s, audiovisual materials such as the National Library of products, computer software and Medicine’s Grateful Med and MeSH electronic databases, and online search tools, as well as an extensive services. range of other technical reports in the FedWorld The Service’s electronic health field. Request your free catalog on marketplace provides public access to health-related products, Health Care thousands of Government documents; Highlights (PR–745NEB). DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 167

Business Highlights catalog (PR– lease by calling 703–487–4929; it is also 985NEB) provides product listings for available online through commercial data necessary for decisionmaking in vendors. For a free search guide, call the today’s business market. As part of its NTIS Sales Desk at 703–487–4650 and expansion in the business subject area, request PR–847NEB. NTIS is rapidly increasing its collection Global Competitive Intelligence As of overseas business information. part of its expansion in the business NTIS Alerts are published twice each subject area, NTIS is rapidly increasing month and contain summaries of the its collection of information from latest Government-sponsored projects international sources. The new Foreign and their findings. They are available in Technology Update, a twice-monthly more than 30 broad subject areas. The publication, tracks scientific and Service also prints customized Alerts from over 150 available subtopics to suit technical developments from around the recipients’ needs. For a free catalog, call world. To receive information on this 703–487–4650 and request PR–797NEB. subscription product, please call 703– Published Searches are exclusively 487–4630. A publication such as the prepared bibliographies containing 50– International Trade Administration 250 of the latest abstracts of research Bibliography (PB93–218360NEB), with reports and studies available from a more than 1,000 competitive preselected individual database. With intelligence-related reports and studies, each order, a completely new and is also available. Call the NTIS Sales updated bibliography is produced. For Desk at 703–487–4650 for price quotes more information on Published Searches, and more information. call 703–487–4650 and request PR– Through an agreement with the Japan 186NEB. Center of Science and Technology, NTIS Government Reports Announcements makes available the Japanese Online & Index Journal announces Information System (JOIS). To receive approximately 80,000 research and information on searching JOIS, call 703– development and engineering results 487–4819. To help you keep up with annually. Its comprehensive coverage provides thousands of entries within technical information from Japan, NTIS, each issue making it a valuable, in conjunction with the Department’s multidisciplinary current awareness Japan Technology Program, has updated resource. This item is available by popular Japanese directories, request PR– subscription and is published twice a 825NEB for more information. month. Call 703–487–4630 to receive Continuous Acquisition and Life-Cycle answers to your inquiries on this Support Information Center With the product. support of the Office of the Secretary of Technology Transfer The Service Defense, NTIS operates the Continuous provides technology transfer services Acquisition and Life-Cycle Support such as patent licensing and publishes (CALS) Information Center to promote the Directory of Federal Laboratory and the widespread understanding, Technology Resources. This valuable acceptance, and use of CALS principles directory guides you to hundreds of through an effective flow of CALS-related Federal agencies, laboratories, and technical information. The Center engineering centers willing to share their provides a public source of CALS, expertise to aid in your research. Electronic Commerce, Electronic Data Request flyer PR–746NEB for more Interchange, and related information details on this product. including standards and specifications, It also produces the Federal Research technical reports, training materials, in Progress (FEDRIP) Database that computer datafiles, and the CALS summarizes more than 150,000 ongoing Electronic Bulletin Board system U.S. Government research and (available on FedWorld). To receive development and engineering project the free brochure CALS Information summaries. The database is available for Services from NTIS, request PR–898NEB. 168 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Federal Computer Products Center The agriculture, and natural resources. For Service provides computer software and the free Media Resource Catalog that datafiles on tape, diskette, and CD– lists NAC’s most popular titles, call the ROM, as well as video tapes. Call the NTIS Sales Desk at 703–487–4650 and NTIS Sales Desk at 703–487–4650; or ask for PR–1001NEB. fax your requests to 703–321–8547 to Joint Ventures The Service works with receive free product information on the private industry to build strategic Directory of U.S. Government Software alliances. These include the use of for Mainframes and Microcomputers contracts or cooperative agreements with (PR–261NEB) and the Directory of U.S. the private sector, individuals, or other Government Datafiles (PR–629NEB). organizations. The objective is to create National Audiovisual Center The new information products for U.S. National Audiovisual Center (NAC) Government-produced data and consolidates most of the U.S. Government’s activity in the duplication software. The Service seeks partnerships and distribution of audio, visual, and to open new channels of sales and multimedia products. The collection distribution. Call 703–487–4785 for contains more than 9,000 Government- more information about joint ventures. produced audiovisual products in a wide Free NTIS Catalogs To obtain copies of range of formats. The range of subject the catalogs or brochures listed above, areas includes foreign language training, or to receive a free copy of the NTIS occupational safety and health, law Catalog of Products and Services (PR– enforcement training, fire service 827NEB), call the NTIS Sales Desk at training, history, science, medical 703–487–4650, or send your request by training, business and economics, fax to 703–321–8547.

Sources of Information

Age and Citizenship Age search and communities, businesses, and workers citizenship information is available from seeking to obtain information regarding the Personal Census Search Unit, Bureau defense adjustment and economic of the Census, Data Preparation development. The Office’s database Division, P.O. Box 1545, Jeffersonville, contains descriptions and contact IN 47131. Phone, 812–285–5314. numbers of Federal, State, and local Consumer Affairs Information is programs; guides and models for available to businesses and consumers economic development; and many other regarding good business practices and related items. For further information, resolving consumer complaints. Tip contact the Office of Economic sheets, in English and Spanish, on how Conversion Information, Economic to resolve complaints and consumer Development Administration, bulletins, describing programs in the Department of Commerce, Washington, Department of Commerce, are available. DC 20230. Phone, 1–800–345–1222. Information on materials is available on Internet, http://ecix.doc.gov/. Electronic the Internet at http://www.doc.gov/. bulletin board (by modem), 800–352– Phone, 202–482–5001. Fax, 202–482– 2949. 6007. E-mail, [email protected]. For Employment Information is available further information, contact the Office of electronically through the Internet, at Consumer Affairs, U.S. Department of http://nets.te.esa.doc.gov/ohrm/. Phone, Commerce, Rm. H5718, Washington, 202–482–5138. DC 20230. The National Oceanic and Economic Conversion Information The Atmospheric Administration has field Office of Economic Conversion employment offices at the Western Information (OECI) is a clearinghouse for Administrative Support Center, Bin DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 169

C15700, 7600 Sand Point Way NE., technical matters are announced in the Seattle, WA 98115 (phone, 206–526– weekly Business Service Checklist, 6053); the Mountain Administrative which may be purchased from the Support Center, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Superintendent of Documents, CO 80303 (phone, 303–497–6305); the Government Printing Office, Central Administrative Support Center, Washington, DC 20402. Phone, 202– 601 East Twelfth Street, Kansas City, MO 783–3238. 64106 (phone, 816–426–2056); and the The Secretary’s Annual Report to Eastern Administrative Support Center, Congress and Serving the Nation, two 200 World Trade Center, Norfolk, VA publications which describe the 23510–1624 (phone, 757–441–6516). missions, functions, and Environment The National Oceanic accomplishments of Commerce agencies and Atmospheric Administration and offices, are available by writing the conducts research and gathers data Department of Commerce, Office of about the oceans, atmosphere, space, Public Affairs, Pennsylvania Avenue and and Sun, and applies this knowledge to 14th Street NW., Room 5610, science and service in ways that touch Washington, DC, or by calling 202–219– the lives of all Americans, including 3605 for the Annual Report and 202– warning of dangerous weather, charting 482–4901 for Serving the Nation. seas and skies, guiding our use and Further information on Commerce publications is available at any of the protection of ocean and coastal Department’s International Trade resources, and improving our Administration district offices. understanding and stewardship of the Lists of Other Documents Individuals environment which sustains us all. For with access to fax machines can dial further information, contact the Office of 202–501–1191 (Flash Facts) to obtain Public and Constituent Affairs, National lists of other publication contacts, Oceanic and Atmospheric Secretarial speeches and biographies, Administration, Room 6013, 14th Street press releases, audiovisuals, Commerce and Constitution Avenue NW., bureau public affairs contacts, and Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202– Department programs by subject. 482–6090. Fax, 202–482–3154. Bureau of the Census The following The Patent and Trademark Office has publications are available from the priority programs for advancement of Government Printing Office: Census examination of certain patent Catalog and Guide; Statistical Abstract of applications where the invention could the U.S.; Historical Statistics of the materially enhance the quality of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970; environment of mankind. For further County and City Data Book, 1994; and information, contact the Assistant State and Metropolitan Area Data Book, Commissioner for Patents, Office of 1991. Petitions, Washington, DC 20231. Data highlights, large data files, access Phone, 703–305–9282. tools, and other material are available on Inspector General Hotline The Office the World Wide Web. Internet, http:// of Inspector General works to promote www.census.gov/. E-mail, economy, efficiency, and effectiveness [email protected]. and to prevent and detect fraud, waste, Bureau of Economic Analysis abuse, and mismanagement in Publications available from the departmental programs and operations. Government Printing Office include the To reach the OIG Hotline, call 202– following: Survey of Current Business; 482–2495, or 800–424–5197 (toll-free). State Personal Income, 1929–93; Publications The titles of selected Benchmark Input-Output Accounts of the publications are printed below with the United States, 1987; and Foreign Direct operating units responsible for their Investment in the United States, 1992 issuance. These and other publications Benchmark. Summary statistics and dealing with a wide range of business, general information are available on the economic, environmental, scientific, and Internet, at http://www.bea.doc.gov/. To 170 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL obtain more detailed economic data and Publications of the Advanced press releases, subscribe to the Technology Program and Manufacturing Department of Commerce’s Electronic Extension Partnership Program; Bulletin Board, by calling 202–482– Handbook of Mathematical Functions; 1986, or by sending E-mail to stat- Experimental Statistics; International [email protected]. Additional information on System of Units (SI); Standard Reference BEA programs, products, and services is Materials Catalog; Specifications, available in the User’s Guide to BEA Tolerances, and Other Technical Information, which may be obtained Requirements for Weighing and through the Internet, or by contacting the Measuring Devices Handbook; and Public Information Office, BE–53, Uniform Laws and Regulations Bureau of Economic Analysis, Handbook are available from the Department of Commerce, Washington, Government Printing Office. DC 20230. Phone, 202–606–9900. National Technical Information Service International Trade Administration Customer assistance telephone numbers: Business America, which is published NTIS Sales Desk, 703–487–4650; biweekly, is available from the Research services for product Government Printing Office and at ITA identification, 703–487–4780; District Offices. Subscription Section, 703–487–4630; The Administration maintains an technical support for computer products, Internet site, at http://www.ita.doc.gov/, 703–487–4763; and Customer services which offers the single best place for (for help in tracing an order), 703–487– individuals or firms seeking reports, 4660. Orders for NTIS products may be documents, import case/regulations, texts sent by fax to 703–321–8547, or through of international agreements like NAFTA E-mail, at [email protected]. and GATT, market research, and points An information center and bookstore of contact for assistance in exporting or is located at NTIS headquarters, 5285 obtaining remedies from unfair trading Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. practices. Customers are able to review The bookstore is open to the public for comprehensive information on how to walk-in service from 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., export, search for trade information by eastern time, Monday through Friday. The NTIS Fax Direct Central either industry or by country, learn how Information Service can be reached by to petition against unfairly priced dialing 703–487–4142. This fax-on- imports, and obtain information on a demand service provides an information number of useful international trade center for current NTIS information related products like overseas trade leads available by fax. Using this service, and agent distributor reports. The guides and descriptions of other NTIS fax Internet site also features E-mail information services may be sent to the addresses and locations for trade fax machine of your choice. Current contacts in Washington, overseas, in NTIS Fax Direct services include a title major exporting centers in the U.S., and list of the most popular titles in various in other parts of the Federal subject categories and NTIS product Government. information. Minority Business Development Agency To connect to the FedWorld On-Line Minority Business Today, Federal Information Network: Set modem parity Resource Guide, BDC Directory, MBDA to none, data bits to 8, and stop bit to Annual Business Assistance Report 1. Set terminal emulation to ANSI. Set (ABAR), and Federal Agency duplex to full. Then set your Performance for Minority Business communications software to dial Development are available from MBDA, FedWorld at 703–321–FEDW. To Communications Division, Department connect to FedWorld on the Internet, of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230. either telnet to fedworld.gov or ftp to Phone, 202–482–1936. ftp.fedworld.gov, or point your Web National Institute of Standards and browser to http://www.fedworld.gov/. For Technology Journal of Research; more information or technical assistance, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 171 please call the FedWorld help desk at Electronic information can be obtained 703–487–4608. from the NTIA General Bulletin Board National Oceanic and Atmospheric (modem, 202–482–1199); or the Administration The Administration Information Infrastructure Task Force provides technical memoranda, technical Bulletin Board (modem, 202–501–1920). reports, monographs, nautical and Patent and Trademark Office General aeronautical charts, coastal zone maps, Information Concerning Patents, Basic data tapes, and a wide variety of raw Facts About Trademarks, Official Gazette and processed environmental data. of the United States Patent and Information on NOAA products is Trademark Office, and Attorneys and available through the Internet, at http:// Agents Registered To Practice Before the www.noaa.gov/; or contact the Office of U.S. Patent and Trademark Office are Public and Constituent Affairs, 14th available from the Government Printing Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Office. Publications can be accessed Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202– through the Internet, at http:// 482–6090. Fax, 202–482–3154. www.uspto.gov/. File transfer protocol, National Telecommunications and Information Administration Several ftp.uspto.gov. Electronic bulletin board hundred Technical Reports, Technical (by modem), 703–305–8950. Phone, Memoranda, Special Publications, 703–308–HELP, or 800–PTO–9199. Contractor Reports, and other Small Business and Minority Business information products have been Activities Contact the Office of Small published by NTIA or its predecessor and Disadvantaged Business Utilization agency since 1970. The publications are (phone, 202–482–1472) or the Office of available from the National External Affairs, Minority Business Telecommunications and Information Development Agency, Department of Administration, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 (phone, 202–482–4547). (phone, 202–482–1551); or the National Telephone Directory The Department Telecommunications and Information of Commerce telephone directory is Administration, Institute for available for sale by the Superintendent Telecommunication Sciences, of Documents, Government Printing Department of Commerce, Boulder, CO Office, Washington, DC 20402. Phone, 80302 (phone, 303–497–3572). 202–783–3238.

For further information concerning the Department of Commerce, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Department of Commerce, Fourteenth Street between Constitution and Pennsylvania Avenues NW., Washington, DC 20230. Phone, 202–219–3605. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary, The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301–1155 Phone, 703–545–6700

SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WILLIAM S. COHEN Deputy Secretary of Defense JOHN P. WHITE Special Assistants to the Secretary and JAMES M. BODNER, ROBERT B. Deputy Secretaries of Defense HALL, SCOTT A. HARRIS Executive Secretary COL. JAMES N. MATTIS, USMC Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and PAUL G. KAMINSKI Technology Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense NOEL LONGUEMARE, JR. for Acquisition and Technology Director, Defense Research and Engineering ANITA K. JONES Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for HAROLD P. SMITH, JR. Nuclear and Chemical and Biological (NCB) Defense Programs Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Space) (VACANCY) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense JOHN M. BACHKOSKY (Advanced Technology) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense SHERRI W. GOODMAN (Environmental Security) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense JOHN F. PHILLIPS (Logistics) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (VACANCY) (Acquisition Reform) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense PAUL J. HOPPER (International and Commercial Programs) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense JOHN B. GOODMAN (Industrial Affairs and Installations) Director, Small and Disadvantaged Business ROBERT L. NEAL, JR. Utilization Under Secretary of Defense for Policy WALTER B. SLOCOMBE Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense JAN M. LODAL for Policy Assistant Secretary of Defense (International FRANKLIN D. KRAMER Security Affairs) Assistant Secretary of Defense (International FRANKLIN C. MILLER, Acting Security Policy) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategy, EDWARD L. WARNER III Requirements, and Assessments) Director of Net Assessment ANDREW W. MARSHALL Assistant Secretary of Defense (Special H. ALLEN HOLMES Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict) Defense Adviser, U.S. Mission NATO (VACANCY) Deputy to the Under Secretary for Policy LINTON WELLS II Support 172 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 173

Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and EDWIN DORN Readiness Assistant Secretary of Defense (Force FREDERICK F.Y. PANG Management Policy) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health (VACANCY) Affairs) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve DEBORAH R. LEE Affairs) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense L. FINCH (Readiness) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense JEANNE FITES (Program Integration) Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)/Chief JOHN J. HAMRE Financial Officer Principal Deputy Under Secretary ALICE C. MARONI (Comptroller) Director, Program Analysis and Evaluation WILLIAM J. LYNN III Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, EMMETT PAIGE, JR. Control, Communications, and Intelligence) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Legislative SANDRA K. STUART Affairs) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) KENNETH H. BACON General Counsel JUDITH A. MILLER Director, Operational Test and Evaluation PHILIP E. COYLE III Inspector General ELEANOR HILL Assistant to the Secretary of Defense WALTER JAJKO (Intelligence Oversight) Director of Administration and Management D.O. COOKE Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman GEN. JOHN M. SHALIKASHVILI, USA Vice Chairman GEN. JOSEPH W. RALSTON, USAF Chief of Staff, Army GEN. DENNIS J. REIMER, USA Chief of Naval Operations ADM. J.L. JOHNSON, USN Chief of Staff, Air Force GEN. RONALD R. FOGLEMAN, USAF Commandant, Marine Corps GEN. CHARLES C. KRULAK, USMC Joint Staff Director VICE ADM. DENNIS BLAIR, USN Vice Director MAJ. GEN. STEPHEN T. RIPPE, USA Director for Manpower and Personnel—J–1 BRIG. GEN. PATRICK O. ADAMS, USAF Director, Intelligence—J–2 MAJ. GEN. JAMES C. KING, USA Director for Operations—J–3 LT. GEN. PETER PACE, USMC Director for Logistics—J–4 LT. GEN. JOHN J. CUSICK, USA Director for Strategic Plans and Policy—J–5 VICE ADM. JOHN S. REDD, USN Director for Command, Control, LT. GEN. DOUGLAS D. BUCHHOLZ, Communications, and Computer USA Systems—J–6 Director for Operational Plans and MAJ. GEN. DAVID A. SAWYER, Interoperability—J–7 USAF 174 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director for Force Structure, Resources, and LT. GEN. DAVID J. MCCLOUD, Assessment—J–8 USAF [For the Department of Defense statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 32, Chapter I, Subchapter R]

The Department of Defense is responsible for providing the military forces needed to deter war and protect the security of our country. The major elements of these forces are the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force, consisting of about 1.5 million men and women on active duty. They are backed, in case of emergency, by the 1 million members of the Reserve components. In addition, there are about 900,000 civilian employees in the Defense Department. Under the President, who is also Commander in Chief, the Secretary of Defense exercises authority, direction, and control over the Department, which includes the separately organized military departments of Army, Navy, and Air Force, the Joint Chiefs of Staff providing military advice, the combatant commands, and various defense agencies established for specific purposes.

The National Security Act Amendments Technology; the Under Secretary of of 1949 redesignated the National Defense for Policy; the Under Secretary Military Establishment as the Department of Defense (Comptroller)/Chief Financial of Defense and established it as an Officer; the Under Secretary of Defense executive department (10 U.S.C. 111), for Personnel and Readiness; the with the Secretary of Defense as its Director of Defense Research and head. Since that time, many legislative Engineering; Assistant Secretaries of and administrative changes have Defense; the General Counsel; the occurred, evolving the Department into Inspector General; the Director of the structure under which it currently Operational Test and Evaluation; and operates. such other staff offices as the Secretary of Defense establishes to assist him in Structure carrying out his duties and The Department of Defense is composed responsibilities. The heads of these of the Office of the Secretary of Defense; offices are staff advisers to the Secretary the military departments and the military and perform such functions as he assigns services within those departments; the to them. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and The Joint Chiefs of Staff consist of the the Joint Staff; the combatant commands; Chairman; the Vice Chairman; the Chief the Defense agencies; DOD field of Staff, U.S. Army; the Chief of Naval activities; and such other offices, Operations; the Chief of Staff, U.S. Air agencies, activities, and commands as Force; and the Commandant of the may be established or designated by Marine Corps. Supported, subject to the law, or by the President or the Secretary authority of the Chairman, by the Joint of Defense. Staff, they constitute the immediate In providing immediate staff assistance military staff of the Secretary of Defense. and advice to the Secretary of Defense, The Chairman is the principal military the Office of the Secretary of Defense adviser to the President, the National and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Security Council, and the Secretary of Staff, and the Joint Staff, though Defense. The other members of the Joint separately identified and organized, Chiefs of Staff are the senior military function in full coordination and officers of their respective services and cooperation. are military advisers to the President, the The Office of the Secretary of Defense National Security Council, and the includes the offices of the Deputy Secretary of Defense. The Vice Chairman Secretary of Defense; the Under of the Joint Chiefs acts as Chairman in Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and the absence of the Chairman. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 175 VICE CHAIRMAN, THE JOINT STAFF CHIEF OF STAFF, ARMY JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF CHIEF OF STAFF, AIR FORCE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS COMMANDANT, MARINE CORPS CHAIRMAN, JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF UNIFIED COMBATANT COMMANDS ATLANTIC COMMAND CENTRAL COMMAND EUROPEAN COMMAND PACIFIC COMMAND SOUTHERN COMMAND SPACE COMMAND SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND STRATEGIC COMMAND TRANSPORTATION COMMAND INSPECTOR GENERAL OF DEFENSE OF DEFENSE AND EQUIVALENTS UNDER SECRETARIES ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY DEFENSE AGENCIES AND STAFF MAJOR CHIEF OF AGENCIES AIR FORCE AIR FORCE COMMANDS SECRETARY OF DEFENSE * DEPUTY SECRETARY OF DEFENSE AND Reports directly to the Secretary of Defense UNDER BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE ORGANIZATION DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY DEFENSE COMMISSARY AGENCY DEFENSE CONTRACT AUDIT AGENCY DEFENSE FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING SERVICE DEFENSE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AGENCY DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY DEFENSE INVESTIGATIVE SERVICE DEFENSE LEGAL SERVICES AGENCY DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY DEFENSE SECURITY ASSISTANCE AGENCY DEFENSE SPECIAL WEAPONS AGENCY ON-SITE INSPECTION AGENCY NATIONAL IMAGERY AND MAPPING AGENCY* NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/CENTRAL SECURITY ÊÊÊSERVICE * OF THE AIR FORCE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE SECRETARY DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE SECRETARIES DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AND MARINE CORPS AGENCIES COMMANDS OF MARINE CORPS MAJOR COMMANDANT AND NAVAL CHIEF OF AGENCIES OPERATIONS COMMANDS NAVY MAJOR SECRETARY OF THE NAVY DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY AND UNDER ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE NAVY SECRETARIES DOD FIELD ACTIVITIES AND ARMY STAFF CHIEF OF AGENCIES COMMANDS ARMY MAJOR AMERICAN FORCES INFORMATION SERVICE DEFENSE MEDICAL PROGRAMS ACTIVITY DEFENSE POW/MP OFFICE DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY SECURITY ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE EDUCATION ACTIVITY DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HUMAN RESOURCES FIELD ACTIVITY OFFICE OF CIVILIAN HEALTH AND MEDICAL PROGRAM OF THE UNIFORMED SERVICES OFFICE OF ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT WASHINGTON HEADQUARTERS SERVICES AND UNDER SECRETARY OF THE ARMY DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE ARMY SECRETARIES 176 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Each military department (the The commanders of combatant Department of the Navy includes naval commands are responsible to the aviation and the United States Marine President and the Secretary of Defense Corps) is separately organized under its for accomplishing the military missions own Secretary and functions under the assigned to them and exercising authority, direction, and control of the command authority over forces assigned Secretary of Defense. The Secretary of to them. The operational chain of each military department is responsible command runs from the President to the to the Secretary of Defense for the operation and efficiency of his Secretary of Defense to the commanders department. Orders to the military of the combatant commands. The departments are issued through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Secretaries of these departments, or their functions within the chain of command designees, by the Secretary of Defense or by transmitting the orders of the under authority specifically delegated in President or the Secretary of Defense to writing by the Secretary of Defense or the commanders of the combatant provided by law. commands.

Office of the Secretary of Defense

Secretary of Defense The Secretary of of Defense (Command, Control, Defense is the principal defense policy Communications, and Intelligence (C3I)) adviser to the President and is is the principal staff assistant and adviser responsible for the formulation of to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of general defense policy and policy related Defense for C3I, information to DOD, and for the execution of management, counterintelligence, and approved policy. Under the direction of security countermeasures matters, the President, the Secretary exercises including warning reconnaissance and authority, direction, and control over the intelligence and intelligence-related Department of Defense. activities conducted by the Department Deputy Secretary of Defense The of Defense. Deputy Secretary of Defense is delegated Financial Management The Under full power and authority to act for the Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)/Chief Secretary of Defense and to exercise the Financial Officer is the principal adviser powers of the Secretary on any and all and assistant to the Secretary of Defense matters for which the Secretary is for budget and fiscal matters, including authorized to act pursuant to law. financial management, accounting policy Acquisition and Technology The Under and systems, budget formulation and Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and execution, contract audit administration Technology is the principal staff assistant and organization, and analyses of force and adviser to the Secretary of Defense planning and programming as a part of for all matters relating to the acquisition the process upon which DOD force system, research and development, test structure, system acquisition, and other and evaluation, production, logistics, resource allocation actions are based. military construction, procurement, and Through the Under Secretary, resource economic affairs. The Under Secretary management information is collected, serves as the Defense acquisition analyzed, and reported to the Office of executive with responsibility for Management and Budget, the Congress, supervising the performance of the entire the General Accounting Office, and Department acquisition system and other agencies. Supervision, direction, chairing the Defense Acquisition Board. and review of the preparation and Command, Control, Communications, execution of the defense budget is and Intelligence The Assistant Secretary provided. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 177

Operational Test and Evaluation The security policy and political-military Director of Operational Test and affairs. Functional areas include NATO Evaluation serves as the principal staff affairs; net assessments; foreign military assistant and adviser to the Secretary of sales; arms limitation agreements; Defense on operational test and international trade and technology; evaluation in the Department of Defense regional security affairs; special and is the principal test and evaluation operations and low-intensity conflict; official within the senior management of integration of departmental plans and the Department. policies with overall national security Personnel and Readiness The Under objectives; drug control policy, Secretary of Defense for Personnel and requirements, priorities, systems, Readiness is the principal staff assistant resources, and programs; and issuance of and adviser to the Secretary of Defense policy guidance affecting departmental for policy matters relating to the programs. structure and readiness of the Total In addition, the Secretary and Deputy Force. Functional areas include: Secretary of Defense are assisted by a readiness; civilian and military personnel policies, programs, and systems; civilian special staff of assistants to include the and military equal opportunity programs; Assistant Secretary of Defense for health policies, programs, and activities; Legislative Affairs; the General Counsel; Reserve Component programs, policies, the Inspector General; the Assistant to and activities; family policy, dependent’s the Secretary of Defense for Intelligence education, and personnel support Oversight; the Assistant Secretary of programs; and mobilization planning Defense for Public Affairs; the Director and requirements. of Administration and Management; and Policy The Under Secretary of Defense such other officers as the Secretary of for Policy is the principal staff assistant Defense establishes to assist him in to the Secretary of Defense for policy carrying out his duties and matters relating to overall international responsibilities.

Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Chiefs of Staff the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is responsible for: The Joint Chiefs of Staff consist of the —assisting the President and the Chairman; the Vice Chairman; the Chief Secretary of Defense in providing for the of Staff of the Army; the Chief of Naval strategic direction and planning of the Operations; the Chief of Staff of the Air Armed Forces; Force; and the Commandant of the —allocating resources to fulfill Marine Corps. strategic plans; The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of —making recommendations for the Staff is the principal military adviser to assignment of responsibilities within the the President, the National Security Armed Forces in accordance with and in Council, and the Secretary of Defense. support of those logistic and mobility The other members of the Joint Chiefs of plans; Staff are military advisers who may —comparing the capabilities of provide additional information upon American and allied Armed Forces with request from the President, the National those of potential adversaries; Security Council, or the Secretary of —preparing and reviewing Defense. They may also submit their contingency plans that conform to policy advice when it does not agree with that guidance from the President and the of the Chairman. Secretary of Defense; Subject to the authority of the —preparing joint logistic and mobility President and the Secretary of Defense, plans to support contingency plans; and 178 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

—recommending assignment of —convenes and presides over regular logistic and mobility responsibilities to meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; the Armed Forces to fulfill logistic and —assists the Joint Chiefs in carrying on mobility plans. their business as promptly as practicable; The Chairman advises the Secretary of and Defense on critical deficiencies and strengths in force capabilities (including —schedules issues for consideration manpower, logistic, and mobility by the Joint Chiefs. support) and assesses the effect of such The Chairman, while so serving, holds deficiencies and strengths on meeting the grade of general or admiral and national security objectives and policy outranks all other officers of the Armed and on strategic plans. He establishes Forces. and maintains a uniform system for The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs evaluating the preparedness of each performs duties assigned by the combatant command to carry out Chairman, with the approval of the assigned missions. Secretary of Defense. The Vice Chairman The Chairman advises the Secretary of acts as Chairman when there is a Defense on the priorities of the vacancy in the office of the Chairman, or requirements identified by the in the absence or disability of the commanders of the combatant Chairman. The Vice Chairman, while so commands and on the extent to which serving, holds the grade of general or program recommendations and budget admiral and outranks all other officers of proposals of the military departments the Armed Forces except the Chairman and other DOD components for a fiscal of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. year conform with priorities established in requirements of the combatant Joint Staff commands. He is responsible for submitting to the Secretary alternative The Joint Staff under the Chairman of the program recommendations and budget Joint Chiefs of Staff assists the Chairman proposals with guidance provided by the and, subject to the authority of the Secretary, in order to achieve greater Chairman, the other members of the conformance with priorities established Joint Chiefs of Staff, in carrying out their by the combatant commands. The responsibilities. Chairman also advises the Secretary on The Joint Staff is headed by a Director the extent to which major programs and who is selected by the Chairman in policies of the Armed Forces in the area consultation with the other members of of manpower conform with strategic plans and assesses military requirements the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and with the for defense acquisition programs. approval of the Secretary of Defense. Additionally, the Chairman: Officers assigned to serve on the Joint —formulates doctrine and training Staff are selected by the Chairman in policies and coordinates military approximate equal numbers from the education and training; Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air —represents the United States on the Force. The Joint Staff is composed of all Military Staff Committee of the United members of the Armed Forces and Nations; civilian employees assigned or detailed —performs such other duties as may to permanent duty to perform the be prescribed by law or by the President functions assigned to the Chairman of and the Secretary of Defense; the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Sources of Information

Audiovisual Products Certain film and videotapes, CD–ROM’s, and Department of Defense productions on other audiovisual products such as stock DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 179 footage and still photographs are from civil service registers. College available to the public. Usually, they are recruiting requirements are limited created by the Department to support primarily to management intern positions training, documentation, and internal at the B.S. and M.S. levels. For information objectives. No admission or additional information, inquiries should any other fees may be charged for be addressed to the Personnel Services exhibition of the productions, and they Directorate, Personnel and Security, must be exhibited in their entirety, Washington Headquarters Services, including all titles at the beginning and Room 2E22, AMC Building, Alexandria, end. No portion may be reproduced, VA 22333–0001. Phone, 703–617–7211. edited, or cut in any manner. An up-to- Pentagon Tours Guided tours of the date, full-text searchable listing of the Pentagon are available Monday through Department’s inventory of film and Friday, from 9:30 a.m. through 3:30 videotape titles is available on the p.m., excluding Federal holidays. The Internet, at http:// 75-minute tour starts at the Metro www.redstone.army.mil/davis/. Persons entrance to the Pentagon and is without Internet access and those approximately one mile long. Groups of interested in obtaining productions may more than 100 should schedule the tour contact the following sources: 2 weeks in advance. Wheelchairs are —For newer productions, contact the available at no cost. For further National Technical Information Service, information or reservations, contact 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA Pentagon Tours, Director for Programs 22161. Phone, 703–487–4603. and Community Relations, 1400 Defense —For older productions, contact the Pentagon, Room 1E776, Washington, Motion Picture, Sound, and Video DC 20301–1400. Phone, 703–695– Branch (NWDNM), National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 1776. Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740- Speakers Civilian and military 6001. Phone, 301–713–7050. representatives of the Department of —For CD–ROM’s, stock footage, and Defense are available to speak on a still photographs, contact the Defense variety of defense subjects in response to Visual Information Center, 1363 Z Street, invitations, usually at no cost to the local Building 2730, March Air Reserve Base, sponsor. However, speakers may accept CA 92518–2717. Phone, 909–413–2515. transportation, meals, and lodging, if There is usually a fee charged for the offered by the sponsor of the public Department’s audiovisual products. event in which they are to participate. Contracts and Small Business Activities Written requests for speakers should be Contact the Director, Small and addressed to the Director for Programs Disadvantaged Business Utilization, and Community Relations, Office of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Room Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public 2A338, The Pentagon, Washington, DC Affairs, The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301–3061. Phone, 703–697–9383. 20301–1400 (phone, 703–695–3845); or DOD Directives and Instructions to the public affairs officer of the nearest Correspondence and Directives military installation. Directorate, Washington Headquarters Telephone Directory The Department Services, Room 2A286, The Pentagon, of Defense telephone directory is Washington, DC 20301–1155. Phone, available for sale by the Superintendent 703–697–4111. of Documents, Government Printing Employment Almost all positions are in Office, Washington, DC 20402. Phone, the competitive service and are filled 202–512–1800.

For further information concerning the Department of Defense, contact the Director, Directorate for Public Communication, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs, The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301–1400. Phone, 703–697–5737. Internet, http://www.dtic.mil/defenselink/faq/comment.html. 180 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL DOD FIELD ACTIVITIES

American Forces Information Service activities and programs; plan, direct, The American Forces Information coordinate, and manage the education Service, established in 1977 under the programs for eligible dependents of U.S. supervision of the Assistant Secretary of military and civilian personnel stationed Defense for Public Affairs, is responsible overseas and stateside; evaluate the for the Department’s internal information programmatic and operational policies program, visual information policy, and and procedures for the DOD Dependent visual information and public affairs Schools, and DOD Domestic Dependent training. The Armed Forces Radio and Elementary and Secondary Schools; and Television Service, the Print Media provide education activity representation Directorate (which includes among its at meetings and deliberations of many products the Current News Early educational panels and advisory groups. Bird), the Armed Forces Radio and Television Service Broadcast Center, the (Department of Defense Education Activity, 4040 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203–1635. Television-Audio Support Activity, the Phone, 703–696–4236.) Defense Information Schools, and the Defense Visual Information Center Department of Defense Human function under the Director of American Resources Field Activity The DOD Forces Information Service. In addition, Civilian Personnel Management Service the Service provides policy guidance and and the Defense Manpower Data Center oversight for departmental periodicals were merged to establish the DOD and pamphlets, Stars and Stripes Human Resources Field Activity (DOD newspapers, military command HRFA) under the authority, direction, newspapers, the broadcast elements of and control of the Under Secretary of the military departments, and Defense for Personnel and Readiness. departmental audiovisual matters. The mission of DOD HRFA is to provide program support, functional information (American Forces Information Service, Department of Defense, Suite 311, 601 North Fairfax Street, management, and administrative services Alexandria, VA 22314–2007. Phone, 703–428– to the DOD components on human 0597.) resources matters; collect and maintain an archive and provide research and Department of Defense Education analysis of human resources and other Activity The Department of Defense automated data bases for DOD; and Education Activity (DODEA) was provide support to other DOD programs established in 1992 under the authority, as assigned by the Under Secretary of direction, and control of the Assistant Defense for Personnel and Readiness. Secretary of Defense for Force Management Policy. It consists of two (Department of Defense Human Resources Field subordinate organizational entities: the Activity, B200, 1400 Key Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209–5144. Phone, 703–696–2720.) Department of Defense Dependents Schools and the Department of Defense Defense Medical Programs Activity Domestic Dependent Elementary and The Activity develops and maintains the Secondary Schools. Department of Defense Unified Medical The mission of DODEA is to serve as Program to provide resources for all the principal staff adviser to the Assistant medical activities; develops, maintains, Secretary of Defense for Force and provides guidance for an integrated Management Policy on all Defense system for planning, programming, and education matters relative to overseas budgeting for medical facility military and stateside education activities and construction projects throughout DOD programs; formulate, develop, and and for managing the allocation of the implement policies, technical guidance, financial resources approved for such and standards for the effective projects; develops, maintains, and management of Defense education oversees the design, enhancement, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 181 operation, procurement, and Technology Security Administration was management of information systems and established by the Deputy Secretary of related communications and automated Defense on May 10, 1985, under the systems in support of the activities of the authority, direction, and control of the DOD Military Health Services System Assistant Secretary of Defense for (MHSS); manages the DOD-wide International Security Policy. The automated MHSS information systems; mission of DTSA is to develop and provides other support for DOD military implement DOD policies on medical programs, as directed by the international transfers of defense–related Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health goods, services, and technologies to Affairs). ensure that: critical U.S. military (Defense Medical Programs Activity, Department of technological advantages are preserved; Defense, Skyline 5, Suite 810, 5111 Leesburg Pike, transfers of defense-related technology Falls Church, VA 22041–3201. Phone, 703–681– which could prove detrimental to U.S. 8705. Fax, 703–681–8706.) security interests are controlled and Defense Prisoner of War/Missing limited; proliferation of weapons of mass Personnel Office The Defense Prisoner destruction and their means of delivery of War/Missing Personnel Office is prevented; and legitimate defense (DPMO) was established July 16, 1993, cooperation with foreign allies and under the authority, direction, and friends is supported. control of the Assistant Secretary of (Defense Technology Security Administration, Defense for International Security Affairs, Department of Defense, Suite 300, 400 Army Navy and provides centralized management of Drive, Arlington, VA 22202–2884. Phone, 703– prisoner of war/missing personnel (POW/ 604–5215.) MP) affairs with the Department of Office of Civilian Health and Medical Defense. Program of the Uniformed Services The Office provides DOD The Office of Civilian Health and participation in the conduct of Medical Program of the Uniformed negotiations with officials of foreign Services (OCHAMPUS) was established governments in efforts to achieve the as a field activity in 1974. The Office fullest possible accounting of missing contracts for and administers, in concert American service men and women; with military officials, regional managed assembles and analyzes information and care support contracts for medical care maintains data bases on U.S. military provided in military treatment facilities and civilian personnel who are, or were, and by civilian sources for active duty prisoners of war or missing in action; and retired service members and their declassifies DOD documents for dependents and survivors. A regional disclosure and release in accordance structure, called TRICARE, combines two with section 1082 of Public Law 102– formerly separate components of the 190 (50 U.S.C. 401 note), Executive Order 12812 of July 22, 1992, and Military Health Services System: care in Executive Order 12958 of October 14, military facilities; and, under 1995; and maintains open channels of OCHAMPUS oversight, a civilian communication on POW/MP matters medical care program to supplement the between the Department and the care available from the military facilities. Congress, POW/MP families, veterans (Office of Civilian Health and Medical Program of organizations, and the American public the Uniformed Services, Department of Defense, through periodic consultations and other Aurora, CO 80045. Phone, 303–361–1313.) appropriate methods. Office of Economic Adjustment The (Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office, Office of Economic Adjustment is Department of Defense, OASD/ISA, The Pentagon, responsible for planning and managing Washington, DC 20301–2400. Phone, 703–602– the Department’s economic adjustment 2102. Fax, 703–602–1891) programs and for assisting Federal, State, Defense Technology Security and local officials in cooperative efforts Administration (DTSA) The Defense to alleviate any serious social and 182 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL economic side effects resulting from support to certain Department of major departmental realignments or Defense activities in the National Capital other actions. region. Such support includes budget and accounting, personnel management, (Office of Economic Adjustment, Department of Defense, 400 Army Navy Drive, Suite 200, office services, security, correspondence, Arlington, VA 22202–2884. Phone, 703–604–6020.) directives and records management, travel, building administration, Washington Headquarters Services The information and data systems, voting Director of Administration and assistance program, and other Management serves in a dual capacity as administrative support as required. the Director of Washington Headquarters (Washington Headquarters Services, Department of Services. The agency’s mission is to Defense, Room 3D972, The Pentagon, Washington, provide administrative and operational DC 20301–1155. Phone, 703–695–4436.) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE 1670 Air Force Pentagon, Washington, DC 20330–1670

SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE SHEILA E. WIDNALL Confidential Assistant NORMA J. PEARCE Staff Assistant T. SGT. DEAN M. HUBER Military Assistant (VACANCY) Under Secretary of the Air Force RUDY F. DE LEON Confidential Assistant MARGARET SOULEYRET Deputy Under Secretary (International Affairs) ROBERT D. BAUERLEIN Principal Assistant Deputy Under Secretary MAJ. GEN. CLINTON V. HORN (International Affairs) Assistant Deputy Under Secretary BRIG. GEN. WILLIAM E. STEVENS (International Affairs) Director, Small and Disadvantaged Business ANTHONY J. DELUCA Utilization Assistant Secretary (Manpower, Reserve Affairs, RODNEY A. COLEMAN Installations, and Environment) Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary PHILLIP P. UPSCHULTE (Manpower, Reserve Affairs, Installations, and Environment) Deputy Assistant Secretary (Force RUBY B. DEMESME Management and Personnel) Deputy Assistant Secretary (Reserve Affairs) BRYAN E. SHARRATT Deputy Assistant Secretary (Installations) JIMMY G. DISHNER Deputy Assistant Secretary (Environment, THOMAS W.L. MCCALL, JR. Safety, and Occupational Health) Executive Director, Air Force Board for MACK M. BURTON Correction of Military Records Director, Air Force Personnel Council COL. DAVID L. OLSEN Director, Air Force Civilian Appellate SOPHIE A. CLARK Review Office Deputy Assistant Secretary (Equal DENNIS M. COLLINS Opportunity) Assistant Secretary (Financial Management and ROBERT F. HALE Comptroller of the Air Force) Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary JOHN W. BEACH (Financial Management) Superintendent, Executive Services SR. M. SGT. PRESTON DUNN Deputy Assistant Secretary (Budget) MAJ. GEN. GEORGE T. STRINGER Director, Budget and Appropriations COL. PHILIP E. RUTER Liaison Director, Budget Management and ROBERT W. ZOOK Execution Director, Budget Investment CATHLYNN B. SPARKS Director, Budget Operations and BRIG. GEN. EVERETT G. ODGERS Personnel Director, Budget Programs COL. GORDON KAGE 183 184 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Deputy Assistant Secretary (Cost and LEROY T. BASEMAN Economics) Deputy Assistant Secretary (Management A. ERNEST FITZGERALD Systems) Deputy Assistant Secretary (Financial JOHN J. NETHERY Operations) Assistant Secretary (Acquisition) ARTHUR L. MONEY Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary LT. GEN. GEORGE K. MUELLNER (Acquisition) Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary DARLENE A. DRUYUN (Acquisition and Management) Mission Area Director, Information BRIG. GEN. DAVID A. NAGY Dominance Deputy Assistant Secretary (Contracting) BRIG. GEN. TIMOTHY P. MALISHENKO Deputy Assistant Secretary (Management BLAISE J. DURANTE Policy and Program Integration) Mission Area Director, Global Reach BRIG. GEN. TOME H. WALTERS, JR. Director, Special Programs COL. NEIL G. KACENA Mission Area Director, Global Power BRIG. GEN. BRUCE A. CARLSON Mission Area Director, Space and Nuclear BRIG. GEN. JAMES R. BEALE Deterrence Deputy Assistant Secretary (Science, HELMUT HELLWIG Technology, and Engineering) Air Force Program Executive Officers: Airlift and Trainers BRIG. GEN. RICHARD V. REYNOLDS Battle Management Programs JOHN M. GILLIGAN Command, Control, and Communications BRIG. GEN. BERWYN A. REITER Systems Fighter and Bomber Programs MAJ. GEN. ROBERT F. RAGGIO Joint Logistics Systems OSCAR A. GOLDFARB Space Programs BRENT R. COLLINS Weapons HARRY E. SHULTE Director, Joint Strike Fighter Technology REAR ADM. CRAIG E. STEIDLE Program Assistant Secretary (Space) (VACANCY) Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary (Space) (VACANCY) Deputy Assistant Secretary (Space Plans and RICHARD M. MCCORMICK Policy) Director, Special Projects BRIG. GEN. ROBERT E. LARNED Director, Space Systems BRIG. GEN. HOWARD J. MITCHELL General Counsel SHEILA C. CHESTON Inspector General of the Air Force LT. GEN. RICHARD T. SWOPE Administrative Assistant to the Secretary WILLIAM A. DAVIDSON Chief, Civilian Personnel Division PEGGY S. PARK Director, Plans, Programs, and Budget COL. DAVID FERGUSON Chief, Military Personnel Division LT. COL. JUDY BEST Director, Security and Investigative Programs GENE BOESCH Auditor General of the Air Force JACKIE R. CRAWFORD Director, Legislative Liaison MAJ. GEN. LANSFORD E. TRAPP, JR. Chief, Congressional Inquiry Division COL. NICKI WATTS Director, Public Affairs BRIG. GEN. RONALD T. SCONYERS Air Staff Chief of Staff GEN. RONALD R. FOGLEMAN Vice Chief of Staff GEN. THOMAS S. MOORMAN, JR. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 185

Assistant Vice Chief of Staff LT. GEN DAVID L. VESELY Deputy Chief of Staff (Plans and Programs) LT. GEN. LAWRENCE P. FARRELL, JR. Director, Test and Evaluation LT. GEN. HOWARD W. LEAF, USAF (RET.) Deputy Chief of Staff (Personnel) LT. GEN. MICHAEL D. MCGINTY Deputy Chief of Staff (Air and Space LT. GEN. JOHN P. JUMPER Operations) Deputy Chief of Staff (Installations and MAJ. GEN. WILLIAM P. HALLIN Logistics) Deputy Chief of Staff (Communications and LT. GEN. WILLIAM J. DONAHUE Information) Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force CH. M. SGT. ERIC BENKEN Chief, Safety/Director, Air Force Safety MAJ. GEN. FRANCIS GIDEON, JR. Center Director, Safety Issues COL. KERRY MAY Director of Security Forces BRIG. GEN. RICHARD A. COLEMAN, JR. Chairman, Scientific Advisory Board GENE H. MCCALL Director, Services BRIG. GEN. PATRICK O. ADAMS Air Force Historian RICHARD P. HALLION Chief Scientist of the Air Force EDWARD A. FEIGENBAUM Chief, Air Force Reserve MAJ. GEN. ROBERT A. MCINTOSH Chief, National Guard Bureau LT. GEN. EDWARD D. BACA (USA) Surgeon General of the Air Force CHARLES H. ROADMAN II Chief of the Chaplain Service MAJ. GEN. ARTHUR S. THOMAS Judge Advocate General MAJ. GEN. BRYAN G. HAWLEY Named Activities Commander, Air Force Office of Colonel COL. JOSEPH STEIN Matters Commander, Air Force General Officer Matters COL. JOHN M. SPEIGEL Office Director, Air Force Office of Senior Executive WILLIAM KELLY Matters

The Department of the Air Force is responsible for defending the United States through control and exploitation of air and space.

The Department of the Air Force (USAF) within the Department of Defense (63 was established as part of the National Stat. 578). The Department of the Air Military Establishment by the National Force is separately organized under the Security Act of 1947 (61 Stat. 502) and Secretary of the Air Force. It operates came into being on September 18, 1947. under the authority, direction, and The National Security Act Amendments control of the Secretary of Defense (10 of 1949 redesignated the National U.S.C. 8010). The Department consists Military Establishment as the Department of Defense, established it as an executive of the Office of the Secretary of the Air department, and made the Department Force, the Air Staff, and field of the Air Force a military department organizations. 186 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL CIVIL SERVICES ENGINEER NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU ENVIRONMENT) CHIEF OF CHAPLAINS* (INTELLIGENCE) INSTALLATIONS, AND ASSISTANT SECRETARY INSPECTOR GENERAL DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF CHIEF OF AIR FORCE RESERVE (MANPOWER, RESERVE AFFAIRS, OF THE AIR FORCE (INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS) DEPUTY UNDER SECRETARY SURGEON GENERAL* GENERAL COUNSEL COMPUTERS) CHIEF SCIENTIST AUDITOR GENERAL (COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF CHIEF OF STAFF * PROGRAMS AND EVALUATION SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE UNDER SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE (LOGISTICS) (ACQUISITION) LEGISLATIVE LIAISON AIR FORCE HISTORIAN ASSISTANT SECRETARY DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE TEST AND EVALUATION (SPACE) BUSINESS UTILIZATION SMALL AND DISADVANTAGED PUBLIC AFFAIRS ASSISTANT SECRETARY DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF CHIEF OF SECURITY POLICE (PLANS AND OPERATIONS) JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL (PERSONNEL) USAF SCIENTIFIC CHIEF OF SAFETY ADVISORY BOARD BOLLING AIR FORCE BASE AND COMPTROLLER) * ASSISTANT SECRETARY DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT (FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AIR STAFF SECRETARIAT DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 187 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY

The Office of the Secretary consists of authority to conduct all affairs of the the offices of the Under Secretary, four Department. The Secretary’s Assistant Secretaries, the General responsibilities include matters Counsel, the Administrative Assistant, pertaining to organization, training, Legislative Liaison, Public Affairs, logistical support, maintenance, welfare International Affairs, Small and of personnel, administrative, recruiting, Disadvantaged Business Utilization, the research and development, and other Auditor General, and the Inspector General. The heads of these offices are activities prescribed by the President or staff advisers to the Secretary for the Secretary of Defense. The principal functions the Secretary assigns to them. assistant to the Secretary is the Under The Department of the Air Force is Secretary, who acts with the full administered by the Secretary of the Air authority of the Secretary on all affairs of Force, who is responsible for and has the the Department.

AIR STAFF

The mission of the Air Staff is to furnish operational readiness of the USAF. He is professional assistance to the Secretary, a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Under Secretary, and Assistant (JCS) of the Department of Defense. The Secretaries of the Air Force and to the Chief of Staff is assisted by the Vice Chief of Staff in executing their Chief of Staff in all areas of responsibility responsibilities. except JCS. Structure The Air Staff is a Special Staff The Special Staff is an management headquarters functional adjunct to the Chief of Staff, independent organization under the Chief of Staff, of the basic staff structure, and provides United States Air Force. advisory and support services to both the Functions and Activities Air Staff Chief of Staff and the Air Staff. The functions are specialized into well- Special Staff consists of: the Chief of defined areas to effect the management Safety; the Director of Security Forces; principles of functionality, integration, the Air Force Historian; the Chief flexibility, simplicity, and Scientist of the Air Force; the Chief of decentralization. The Air Staff retains Air Force Reserve; the National Guard those management functions that legally Bureau; the Scientific Advisory Board; cannot be delegated or decentralized, the Judge Advocate General; the are needed by the Secretary and Chief of Director, Test and Evaluation; the Staff, are essential to respond promptly Surgeon General; the Chief of Chaplains; to the Secretary of Defense, or are and the Chief Master Sergeant of the Air required to determine the design and Force. structure of the Air Force in the future. Deputy Chiefs of Staff The Deputy Chief of Staff The Chief of Staff is Chiefs of Staff function primarily as a directly responsible to the Secretary of coordinating level on policy matters and the Air Force for the efficiency and represent the corporate structure.

FIELD ORGANIZATIONS

The major commands, field operating together represent the field organizations agencies, and direct reporting units of the Air Force. These are organized 188 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL primarily on a functional basis in the Air Force. They also are responsible for United States and on an area basis organizing, administering, equipping, overseas. These commands are and training their subordinate elements responsible for accomplishing certain for the accomplishment of assigned phases of the worldwide activities of the missions.

Major Commands The Continental U.S. Commands Air Force Reserve Command This Command provides trained units and Air Combat Command This Command individuals to accomplish assigned tasks operates Air Force bombers and in support of national objectives. The CONUS-based, combat-coded fighter Command performs peacetime missions and attack aircraft. It organizes, trains, that are compatible with training and equips, and maintains combat-ready mobilization readiness requirements. forces for rapid deployment and Air Force Space Command This employment while ensuring strategic air Command is responsible for making defense forces are ready to meet the operations in space reliable and routine challenges of peacetime air sovereignty for the warfighter by continuously and wartime air defense. improving its ability to provide and Air Force Materiel Command This support combat forces. Command advances, integrates, and uses Air Force Special Operations Command technology to develop, test, acquire, and This Command organizes, trains, and sustain weapons systems. It also equips Air Force special operations performs single-manager continuous forces. product and process improvement Air Education and Training Command throughout a product’s life cycle. The This Command recruits, accesses, Command contributes to combat commissions, educates, and trains Air superiority, readiness, and sustainability. Force enlisted and officer personnel. It Air Mobility Command This Command provides basic military training, initial and advanced technical training, flying provides airlift, air refueling, special air training, and professional military and mission, and aeromedical evacuation for degree-granting professional education. U.S. forces. It also supplies forces to The Command also conducts joint, theater commands to support wartime medical service, readiness, and Air Force tasking. security assistance training. Major Commands

Command Address Commander

Air Combat Command ...... Langley AFB, VA 23665±2788 ...... Gen. Richard E. Hawley Air Force Materiel Command ...... Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433±5001 ..... Gen. Henry Viccellio, Jr. Air Mobility Command ...... Scott AFB, IL 62225±5310 ...... Gen. Walter Kross Air Force Reserve Command ...... Robins AFB, GA 31098±1635 ...... Maj. Gen. Robert A. McIntosh Air Force Space Command ...... Peterson AFB, CO 80914±4020 ...... Gen. Howell M. Estes III Air Force Special Operations Command ... Hurlburt Field, FL 32544±5273 ...... Maj. Gen. James L. Hobson, Jr. Air Education and Training Command ...... Randolph AFB, TX 78150±4324 ...... Gen. Lloyd W. Newton

Overseas Commands United States Air Forces in Europe The Command plans, conducts, controls, Pacific Air Forces The Command is coordinates, and supports air and space responsible for planning, conducting, operations to achieve United States and coordinating offensive and defensive national and NATO objectives. air operations in the Pacific and Asian theaters. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 189

Overseas Commands

Command Address Commander

Pacific Air Forces ...... Hickam AFB, HI 96853±5420 ...... Gen. John G. Lorber U.S. Air Forces in Europe ...... APO AE 09094±0501 ...... Gen. Michael E. Ryan

Field Operating Agencies

Air Force Agency for Modeling and management decisions throughout the Simulation The Agency implements Air Force. policies and standards and supports field Air Force Flight Standards Agency The operations in the areas of modeling and Agency performs worldwide inspection simulation. of airfields, navigation systems, and Air Force Audit Agency The Agency instrument approaches. It provides flight provides all levels of Air Force standards to develop Air Force management with independent internal instrument requirements, and certifies audit and appraisal of financial, procedures and directives for cockpit operational, management, and support display and navigation systems. It also activities. Reports of audits evaluate the provides air traffic control and airlift effectiveness, efficiency, and economy of procedures and evaluates air traffic program management. control systems and airspace Air Force Base Conversion Agency The management procedures. Agency serves as the Federal real Air Force Frequency Management property disposal agent and provides Agency The Agency develops USAF integrated executive management for Air policy and procedures for radio Force bases in the United States as they frequency spectrum management in are closed under the delegated support of air and space combat authorities of the Base Closure and operations. It also represents Air Force Realignment Act of 1988 and the requirements to regulatory agencies. The Defense Base Closure and Realignment Agency analyzes and processes Act of 1990. allocations and assignments for all Air Air Force Center for Environmental Force spectrum-dependent equipment. Excellence The Center provides the Air Air Force Historical Research Agency Force with services in environmental The Agency serves as a repository for Air remediation, compliance, planning, and Force historical records and provides pollution prevention, as well as research facilities for scholars and the construction management and facilities general public. design. Air Force History Support Office The Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency Office researches, writes, and publishes The Agency provides civil engineering books and other studies on Air Force technical assistance and operating history and provides historical support to support to Air Force bases and Air Force headquarters. organizations, by providing tools, Air Force Inspection Agency The practices, and professional support for Agency provides the the Air Force readiness, training, technical support, Inspector General with an independent management practices, automation assessment of leadership, fighting support, vehicles and equipment, and capability, and resource management. It research, development, and acquisition assesses operational readiness and consultation. management effectiveness and Air Force Cost Analysis Agency The efficiency; recommends improvements to Agency develops cost analysis tools, existing methods for fulfilling missions; methods, data bases, models, and and conducts inquiries and investigations automated systems which are used in of allegations regarding personnel and resource allocation and cost activities. 190 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Air Force Legal Services Agency The activity that may threaten Air Force Agency provides legal services in the resources. functional areas of military justice, Air Force Operations Group The patents, claims and tort litigation, Group is responsible for the general litigation, labor law, preventive Headquarters Air Force Operations law, and legal aid. Center, Air Force Emergency Operations Air Force Logistics Management Agency Center, the President’s Operational The Agency conducts studies and Weather Forecaster, the Chief of Staff develops, analyzes, tests, evaluates, and Current Operations Briefing Team, and recommends new or improved concepts, the Status of Resources and Training methods, systems, or procedures to System. It develops policy, funding, and improve logistics efficiency and support for Air Force participation in effectiveness. Joint Chiefs of Staff exercises and all Air Air Force Management Engineering Force readiness programs. It also Agency The Agency ensures the best organizes, manages, and trains the Air possible use of Air Force resources Force Crisis Action Team. through the development and Air Force Pentagon Communications application of process improvement tools Agency The Agency provides 24-hour and techniques in partnership with communications and computer support customers. to high-level customers in the Secretary Air Force Medical Operations Agency of Defense’s office, the Joint Chiefs of The Agency assists the USAF Surgeon Staff, the Air Force Secretary, and the Air General in developing plans, programs, Staff. and policies for the medical service, Air Force Personnel Center The Center aerospace medicine, clinical manages personnel programs and investigations, quality assurance, health policies affecting Air Force personnel promotion, family advocacy, and ensures the availability of bioenvironmental engineering, military appropriate personnel to perform the public health, and radioactive material missions of unit commanders worldwide. management. Air Force Personnel Operations Agency Air Force Medical Support Agency The The Agency establishes and manages Agency assists the USAF Surgeon procedures and practices governing General in developing programs, relations between Air Force management policies, and practices relating to health and its civilian work force. care in peace and war. Air Force Program Executive Office Air Force News Agency The Agency The Office manages and is directly gathers information and packages and accountable for the cost, schedule, and disseminates electronic and printed news performance of major and selected and information products. It manages acquisition programs. and operationally controls Air Force Air Force Real Estate Agency The Internal Information, the Army and Air Agency acquires, manages, and disposes Force Hometown News Service, the Air of land for the Air Force worldwide and Force Broadcasting Service, and the Air maintains a complete land and facilities Force Armed Forces Radio and inventory. Television outlets worldwide; operates Air Force Review Boards Agency The the Air Force hotline; and provides Agency directs the activities of the Air electronic information through the Air Force Personnel Council, the Air Force Force bulletin board and the Internet. Board for Correction of Military Records, Air Force Office of Special and the Air Force Civilian Appellate Investigations The Office provides Review Office. criminal investigative and Air Force Safety Agency The Agency counterintelligence information and implements and executes Air Force services to commanders worldwide in safety and nuclear surety policies, plans, order to identify and prevent criminal and programs. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 191

Air Force Services Agency The Agency intelligence, weapons monitoring, and provides technical assistance to information warfare products and programs contributing to readiness and services. improved productivity, including Air National Guard Readiness Center programs promoting fitness, esprit de The Center performs the operational and corps, and increased quality of life. It technical tasks associated with manning, also operates central systems for field equipping, and training Air National support. Guard units to required preparedness Air Force Studies and Analyses Agency levels. The Agency performs studies to assist Air Reserve Personnel Center The and support the Air Force decision- Center provides personnel support and making process. It performs independent administration for the men and women studies and evaluations of Air Force of the reserve components. It maintains requirements, proposals, plans, and the master personnel records for programs, while providing comparisons members of the Air National Guard and and trade-off analyses. The Agency also Air Force Reserve not on extended active evaluates critical technical and duty. operational issues and monitors Air Weather Service The Service applicable tests and evaluations that provides centralized weather services to address such issues. the Air Force, Army joint staff, Air Force Technical Applications Center designated unified commands, and other The Center monitors compliance with agencies, ensuring standardization of various nuclear treaties. It provides real- procedures and interoperability within time reporting of nuclear weapons tests the USAF weather system and assessing and operates a global network of sensors its technical performance and and analytical laboratories to monitor effectiveness. foreign nuclear activity. It conducts Joint Services Survival, Evasion, research and development of Resistance, and Escape Agency The proliferation detection technologies for Agency serves as DOD’s executive agent all weapons of mass destruction. for the Joint Chiefs of Staff operational Air Intelligence Agency The Agency evasion and escape matters; code of provides intelligence services to support conduct, survival, evasion, resistance, Air Force operations through flexible and escape training; and DOD’s POW/ collection, tailored air and space MIA program. Field Operating Agencies

Agency Address Commander/Director

Air Force Agency for Modeling and Simula- Orlando, FL 32826±3276 ...... Col. Jimmy H. Wilson tion Air Force Audit Agency Washington, DC 20330±1125 ...... Jackie Crawford Air Force Base Conversion Agency Arlington, VA 22209±2808 ...... (Vacancy) Air Force Center for Environmental Excel- Brooks AFB, TX 78235±5318 ...... Gary M. Erickson lence Air Force Center for Quality and Manage- Randolph AFB, TX 78150±4451 ...... Brig. Gen. Hugh C. Cameron ment Innovation Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency Tyndall AFB, FL 32403±5319 ...... Col. Donald J. Thomas Air Force Cost Analysis Agency Arlington, VA 22202±4306 ...... Col. Robert F. Hale Air Force Flight Standards Agency Washington, DC 20330±1480 ...... (Vacancy) Air Force Frequency Management Agency Arlington, VA 22203±1613 ...... Lt. Col. William A. Belote Air Force Historical Research Agency Maxwell AFB, AL 36112±6424 ...... Col. Richard Rauschkolb Air Force History Support Office Bolling AFB, Washington, DC 20332±4113 Jacob Neufeld Air Force Inspection Agency Kirtland AFB, NM 87117±5670 ...... (Vacancy) Air Force Legal Services Agency Bolling AFB, Washington, DC 20332 ...... Col. Jerald D. Stubbs Air Force Logistics Management Agency Maxwell AFB, AL 36114±3236 ...... Col. Russell G. Stafford Air Force Management Engineering Agency Randolph AFB, TX 78150±4451 ...... Col. Charles F. Dibrell Air Force Medical Operations Agency Bolling AFB, Washington, DC 20332±5113 Maj. Gen. Earl W. Mabry III Air Force Medical Support Agency Brooks AFB, TX 78235±5121 ...... Col. Richard Rushmore Air Force Personnel Center Randolph AFB, TX 78150±4703 ...... Maj. Gen. Susan L. Pamerleau Air Force News Agency Kelly AFB, TX 78241±5601 ...... Col. Teddy G. Tilma Air Force Office of Special Investigations Bolling AFB, Washington, DC 20332±6001 Brig. Gen. Francis X. Taylor Air Force Operations Group Washington, DC 20330±1480 ...... Col. Alfred P. McCracken 192 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Field Operating Agencies—Continued

Agency Address Commander/Director

Air Force Pentagon Communications Agen- Washington, DC 20330±1600 ...... Col. Stephen E. Anno cy Air Force Personnel Operations Agency Washington, DC 20330±1040 ...... (Vacancy) Air Force Program Executive Office Washington, DC 20330±1060 ...... (Vacancy) Air Force Real Estate Agency Bolling AFB, Washington, DC 20332±5107 William E. Edwards Air Force Review Boards Agency Washington, DC 20330±1661 ...... Joe G. Lineberger Air Force Safety Center Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 ...... Maj. Gen. Francis Gideon, Jr. Air Force Security Police Agency Kirtland AFB, NM 87117±5664 ...... Col. John E. Killen Air Force Services Agency Randolph AFB, TX 78150±4755 ...... Col. David F. Honeycutt Air Force Studies and Analyses Agency Washington, DC 20330±1570 ...... Col. Thomas A. Cardwell III Air Force Technical Applications Center Patrick AFB, FL 32925±3002 ...... (Vacancy) Air Intelligence Agency San Antonio, TX 78243±7009 ...... Maj. Gen. Michael V. Hayden Air National Guard Readiness Center Andrews AFB, MD 20331±5157 ...... (Vacancy) Air Reserve Personnel Center Denver, CO 80280±5400 ...... Col. Frank P. Cyr, Jr. Air Weather Service Scott AFB, IL 62225±5206 ...... Col. Frank Misciasci Joint Services Survival, Evasion, Resist- Fort Belvoir, VA 22060±5788 ...... Col. Robert C. Bonn, Jr. ance, and Escape Agency

Direct Reporting Units technical solutions, supporting information superiority through technical 11th Wing The Wing provides support excellence. for Headquarters Air Force and other Air Air Force Doctrine Center The Center Force units in the National Capital develops and publishes basic and Region, including day-to-day operations operational level doctrine for the USAF. of Bolling Air Force Base. The Wing It provides USAF input into joint and plans and directs the Air Force Band and multinational doctrine development. the Air Force Honor Guard support to Air Force Operational Test and ceremony activities of the Air Force Evaluation Center The Center plans Chief of Staff, the Air Force Secretary, and conducts test and evaluation the White House, and Arlington National procedures to determine operational Cemetery. effectiveness and suitability of new or Air Force Communications and modified USAF systems and their Information Agency The Agency capacity to meet mission needs. ensures that command, control, U.S. Air Force Academy The Academy communications, and computer systems provides academic and military used by USAF warfighters are integrated instruction and experience to prepare and interoperable. It develops and future USAF career officers. Graduates validates C4 architectures, technical receive Bachelor of Science degrees in standards, technical reference codes, one of 26 academic majors and policies, processes and procedures, and commissions as second lieutenants. Direct Reporting Units

Unit Address Commander

11th Wing Bolling AFB, Washington, DC 20332±0101 ...... Col. Steven V. Sutton Air Force Communications and Arlington, VA 22203 ...... Lt. Gen. William J. Donahue Information Center Air Force Doctrine Center Maxwell AFB, AL 36112±6335 ...... Maj. Gen. Ronald E. Keys Air Force Operational Test and Kirtland AFB, NM 87117±5558 ...... Maj. Gen. George B. Harrison Evaluation Center USAF Security Forces Center Lackland AFB, TX 78236 ...... Brig. Gen. Richard A. Coleman, Jr. U.S. Air Force Academy CO 80840±5001 ...... Lt. Gen. Paul E. Stein

For further information concerning the Department of the Air Force, contact the Office of the Director of Public Affairs, Department of the Air Force, 1670 Air Force Pentagon, Washington, DC 20330–1670. Phone, 703–697–6061. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310 Phone, 703–545–6700

SECRETARY OF THE ARMY TOGO D. WEST, JR. Senior Military Assistant COL. T. MICHAEL CREWS Military Assistants LT. COL. MARY BROWN, LT. COL.R OSE WALKER Senior Aide-de-Camp LT. COL. SUZANNE W. WALKER Aides-de-Camp MAJ. DARYL GORE, CAPT. KERRY J. MACINTYRE Under Secretary of the Army JOSEPH R. REEDER Executive Officer COL. THOMAS G. BOWDEN Military Assistants MAJ. THOMAS KULA, MAJ. THOMAS F. LYNCH Aide-de-Camp MAJ. JAMES KNOWLTON Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works) H. MARTIN LANCASTER Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary JOHN H. ZIRSCHKY Executive Officer COL. ROBERT J. SPERBERG Deputy Assistant Secretary, Management and STEVEN DOLA Budget Deputy Assistant Secretary, Policy, and MICHAEL L. DAVIS Legislation Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial HELEN T. MCCOY Management and Comptroller) Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary NEIL R. GINNETTI Executive Officer COL. HUGH B. TANT III Deputy Assistant Secretary, Army Budget MAJ. GEN. ROGER G. THOMPSON Deputy Assistant Secretary, Financial ERNEST J. GREGORY Operations Deputy Assistant Secretary, Resource ROBERT RAYNSFORD, Acting Analysis and Business Practices Deputy for Cost Analysis ROBERT W. YOUNG Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations, ROBERT M. WALKER Logistics, and Environment) Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary ALMA BOYD MOORE Executive Officer COL. DAVID R. POWERS Deputy Assistant Secretary, Environment, RAYMOND J. FATZ Safety, and Occupational Health Deputy Assistant Secretary, Installations and PAUL W. JOHNSON Housing Deputy Assistant Secretary, Logistics ERIC A. ORSINI Assistant Secretary of the Army (Manpower SARA E. LISTER and Reserve Affairs) Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary ARCHIE D. BARRETT Executive Officer COL. WILLIAM A. BROWN III Deputy Assistant Secretary, Civilian CAROL A. SMITH Personnel Policy 193 194 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Deputy Assistant Secretary, Force JAYSON L. SPIEGEL Management, Manpower, and Resources Deputy Assistant Secretary, Military JOHN P. MCLAURIN III Personnel Management and Equal Opportunity Policy Deputy Assistant Secretary, Reserve Affairs, TODD A. WEILER Mobilization Readiness, and Training Deputy Assistant Secretary, Review Boards THOMAS R. CUTHBERT and Equal Employment Opportunity Compliance and Complaints Review Assistant Secretary of the Army (Research, (VACANCY) Development, and Acquisition) Military Deputy to the Assistant Secretary LT. GEN. RONALD V. HITE Executive Officer COL. DEAN R. ERTWINE Deputy Assistant Secretary, Plans, Programs, KEITH CHARLES and Policy Deputy Assistant Secretary, Procurement KENNETH J. OSCAR Deputy Assistant Secretary, Research and A. FENNER MILTON Technology General Counsel WILLIAM T. COLEMAN III Principal Deputy General Counsel LAWRENCE M. BASKIR Executive Officer COL. JOHN GREENBAUGH Deputy General Counsel, Acquisition (VACANCY) Deputy General Counsel, Civil Works and EARL H. STOCKDALE, JR. Environment Deputy General Counsel, Ethics and Fiscal MATT RERES Deputy General Counsel, Operations and T.W. TAYLOR Personnel Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the JOEL B. HUDSON Army Deputy Administrative Assistant SANDRA R. RILEY Director of Policy and Plans FRITZ W. KIRKLIGHTER, Acting Headquarters Services—Washington: Executive Director SANDRA R. RILEY Director of Equal Employment Opportunity DEBRA A. MUSE Director of Information Management Support MICHAEL SELVES Center Commander of Defense Supply Service COL. KIMBERLY SMITH (Washington) Director of Defense Telecommunications MICHAEL A. NEWTON Service (Washington) Director of Personnel and Employment PETER B. HORN Services (Washington) Director of Safety, Security, and Support FRITZ W. KIRKLIGHTER, Acting Services (Washington) Director of Space and Building Management R. WES BLAINE Service (Washington) Director, Single Audit Agency FRED BUDD Director, Information Systems for Command, LT. GEN. OTTO J. GUENTHER Control, Communications, and Computers Vice Director DAVID BORLAND Executive Officer JAMES D. BRYAN Director of Architecture COL. JEREMIAH F. GARRETSON Director of Army Information MIRIAM F. BROWNING DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 195

Director of Plans and Program (VACANCY) The Inspector General LT. GEN. JARED L. BATES Deputy Inspector General MAJ. GEN. LARRY R. JORDAN Auditor General FRANCIS E. REARDON Deputy Auditor General, Acquisition and THOMAS W. BROWN Force Management Audits Deputy Auditor General, Financial Audits THOMAS DRUZGAL Deputy Auditor General, Logistical Audits C.A. ARIGO Deputy Auditor General, Policy and STEPHEN E. KEEFER Operations Management Deputy Under Secretary of the Army LT. GEN. CLAUDE M. KICKLIGHTER, (International Affairs) USA (RET.) Deputy Under Secretary of the Army WALTER W. HOLLIS (Operations Research) Chief of Legislative Liaison MAJ. GEN. MORRIS J. BOYD Deputy Chief SHEILA MCCREADY Chief of Public Affairs BRIG. GEN. JOHN G. MEYER, JR. Deputy Chief COL. ROBERT E. GAYLORD Chairman, Army Reserve Forces Policy MAJ. GEN. JOHN T. CROWE Committee Deputy Chairman MAJ. GEN. JAMES S. RUEGER Director of Small and Disadvantaged Business TRACEY L. PINSON Utilization Deputy Director SARAH A. CROSS Office of the Chief of Staff: Chief of Staff, United States Army GEN. DENNIS J. REIMER Vice Chief of Staff GEN. RONALD H. GRIFFITH Assistant Vice Chief of Staff LT. GEN. JAY M. GARNER Director of the Army Staff LT. GEN. JOHN A. DUBIA Army Staff: Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence MAJ. GEN. CLAUDIA J. KENNEDY, Acting Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics LT. GEN. JOHN G. COBURN Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans LT. GEN. ERIC K. SHINSEKI Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel LT. GEN. FREDERICK E. VOLLRATH Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation MAJ. GEN. R.W. HOUSE Management The Judge Advocate General MAJ. GEN. MICHAEL J. NARDOTTI, JR. The Surgeon General LT. GEN. RONALD R. BLANCK Chief, Army Reserve MAJ. GEN. MAX BARATZ Chief of Chaplains MAJ. GEN. DONALD W. SHEA Chief of Engineers LT. GEN. JOE N. BALLARD Chief, National Guard Bureau LT. GEN. EDWARD D. BACA Major Army Commands: Commanding General, U.S. Army Material GEN. JOHNNIE E. WILSON Command Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps of LT. GEN. JOE N. BALLARD Engineers Commanding General, U.S. Army Criminal BRIG. GEN. DANIEL A. DOHERTY Investigation Command Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces GEN. DAVID A. BRAMLETT Command 196 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Commanding General, U.S. Army Intelligence BRIG. GEN. JOHN D. THOMAS, JR. and Security Command Commanding General, U.S. Army Medical LT. GEN. RONALD R. BLANCK Command Commanding General, U.S. Army Military MAJ. GEN. ROBERT T. FOLEY District of Washington Commanding General, U.S. Army Military MAJ. GEN. MARIO F. MONTERO, JR. Traffic Management Command Commanding General, U.S. Army Special LT. GEN. PETER J. SCHOOMAKER Operations Command Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and GEN. WILLIAM W. HARTZOG Doctrine Command Commanding General, U.S. Army South MAJ. GEN. LAWSON W. MAGRUDER III Commanding General, 8th U.S. Army LT. GEN. RICHARD F. TIMMONS Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific LT. GEN. WILLIAM M. STEELE Commanding General, U.S. Army Europe and GEN. WILLIAM W. CROUCH 7th Army

The mission of the Department of the Army is to organize, train, and equip active duty and reserve forces for the preservation of peace, security, and the defense of our Nation. As part of our national military team, the Army focuses on land operations; its soldiers must be trained with modern arms and equipment and be ready to respond quickly. The Army also administers programs aimed at protecting the environment, improving waterway navigation, flood and beach erosion control, and water resource development. It provides military assistance to Federal, State, and local government agencies, including natural disaster relief assistance.

The American Continental Army, now Army be a military department within called the United States Army, was the Department of Defense. established by the Continental Congress The Army Organization Act of 1950 on June 14, 1775, more than a year (64 Stat. 263) provided the statutory before the Declaration of Independence. basis for the internal organization of the The Department of War was Army and the Department of the Army. established as an executive department at the seat of government by act The act consolidated and revised the approved August 7, 1789 (1 Stat. 49). numerous earlier laws, incorporated The Secretary of War was established as various adjustments made necessary by its head. the National Security Act of 1947 and The National Security Act of 1947 (50 other postwar enactments, and provided U.S.C. 401) created the National Military for the organization of the Department of Establishment, and the Department of the Army in a single comprehensive War was designated the Department of statute, with certain minor exceptions. In the Army. The title of its Secretary general, the act followed the policy of became Secretary of the Army (5 U.S.C. vesting broad organizational powers in 171). the Secretary of the Army, subject to The National Security Act delegation by the Secretary, rather than Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 578) specifying duties of subordinate officers provided that the Department of the (10 U.S.C. 3012, 3062). DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 197

DEPUTY UNDER DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY SECRETARY OF THE ARMY ADMINISTRATIVE (INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANT AFFAIRS) SECRETARY OF THE ARMY

DEPUTY UNDER SECRETARY OF THE UNDER SECRETARY ARMY RESERVE ARMY (OPERATIONS OF THE ARMY FORCES POLICY RESEARCH) COMMITTEE

ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT SECRETARY SECRETARY ASSISTANT SECRETARY SECRETARY (FINANCIAL (RESEARCH, GENERAL SECRETARY (INSTALLATIONS, (MANPOWER AND MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT, COUNSEL (CIVIL WORKS) LOGISTICS, AND RESERVE AND AND ENVIRONMENT) AFFAIRS) COMPTROLLER) ACQUISITION)

DIRECTOR OF DIRECTOR OF THE THE SMALL AND INFORMATION CHIEF OF CHIEF OF INSPECTOR AUDITOR DISADVANTAGED SYSTEMS LEGISLATIVE PUBLIC GENERAL GENERAL BUSINESS FOR C4 LIAISON AFFAIRS UTILIZATION

CHIEF OF STAFF MAJOR COMMANDS

ASSISTANT VICE CHIEF OF STAFF VICE CHIEF OF STAFF

DIRECTOR OF THE ARMY STAFF

DEPUTY CHIEF DEPUTY CHIEF DEPUTY CHIEF DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF FOR OF STAFF FOR OF STAFF FOR OF STAFF FOR OPERATIONS INTELLIGENCE LOGISTICS PERSONNEL AND PLANS

ASSISTANT CHIEF THE CHIEF, THE CHIEF CHIEF OF STAFF CHIEF, JUDGE OF SURGEON NATIONAL ARMY OF FOR INSTALLATION ENGINEERS GENERAL GUARD ADVOCATE CHAPLAINS MANAGEMENT BUREAU RESERVE GENERAL 198 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Army Secretariat

Secretary The Secretary of the Army is National Cemeteries; and such other the head of the Department of the Army. activities of a civil nature as may be Subject to the direction, authority, and prescribed by higher authority or control of the President as Commander authorized by law. in Chief and of the Secretary of Defense, Principal Assistants The Under the Secretary of the Army is responsible Secretary of the Army is the primary for and has the authority to conduct all assistant to the Secretary. Other principal affairs of the Department of the Army, assistants include: the Assistant including its organization, Secretaries, General Counsel, administration, operation, efficiency, and Administrative Assistant, the several such other activities as may be Directors and Chiefs, the Auditor prescribed by the President or the General, and the Chairman of the Army Secretary of Defense as authorized by Reserve Forces Policy Committee. law. Army Policy Council The Council is Certain civilian functions, such as the senior policy advisory council of the comptroller, acquisition, inspector Department of the Army. It provides the general, auditing and information Secretary of the Army and the Secretary’s management, are also under the principal civilian and military assistants authority of the Army Secretariat. with a forum for the discussion of Army Additionally, the Secretary is responsible subjects of significant policy interest and for civil functions, such as oversight of an opportunity for members to consult the Panama Canal Commission and with other members on matters arising execution of the Panama Canal Treaty; within their specific areas of the civil works program of the Corps of responsibility. Engineers; Arlington and Soldiers’ Home For further information, call 703–695–7922.

Army Staff

The Army Staff, presided over by the organizations of the Department of the Chief of Staff, is the military staff of the Army; and Secretary of the Army. The Army Staff —perform such other duties not renders professional advice and otherwise assigned by law as may be assistance to the Secretary of the Army, the Under Secretary of the Army, the prescribed by the Secretary of the Army. Assistant Secretaries of the Army, and Chief of Staff The Chief of Staff is the other officials of the Army Secretariat. principal military adviser to the Secretary It is the duty of the Army Staff to: of the Army and is charged with the —prepare for employment of the Army planning, development, execution, and for such recruiting, organizing, review, and analysis of the Army supplying, equipping, training, programs. The Chief of Staff, under the mobilizing, and demobilizing of the direction of the Secretary of the Army, Army as will assist the execution of any supervises the members and organization power, duty, or function of the Secretary of the Army and performs the duties or the Chief of Staff; prescribed by the National Security Act —investigate and report upon the of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 401) and other laws. efficiency of the Army and its The Chief of Staff is directly responsible preparation for military operations; to the Secretary of the Army for the —act as the agent of the Secretary of efficiency of the Army, its state of the Army and the Chief of Staff in preparation for military operations, and coordinating the action of all plans therefor. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 199 Department of the Army Program Areas

Military Operations and Plans This Army National Guard and the U.S. Army area includes: determination of Reserve. requirements and priorities for, and the Intelligence This area includes: employment of, Army forces strategy management of Army intelligence and formation; mid-range, long-range, and counterintelligence activities, personnel, regional strategy application; arms equipment, systems, and organizations; control, negotiation, and disarmament; Army cryptology, topography, and national security affairs; joint service meteorology; coordination of Army matters; net assessment; politico-military requirements for mapping, charting, and affairs; force mobilization and geodesy; and Army industrial security. demobilization; force planning, Management-Comptrollership This programming structuring, development, area includes: review and analysis of analysis and management; operational Army programs and major Army readiness; overall roles and missions; commands; management information collective security; individual and unit systems in the financial area, progress training; psychological operations; and statistical reporting, and reports unconventional warfare; control; financial management, counterterrorism; operations security; budgeting, finance and accounting, cost signal security; military aspects of space analysis, economic analysis, military pay and sea; special plans; table of and allowances, resource management, equipment development and approval; and productivity and value electronic warfare; nuclear and chemical improvement; regulatory policies and matters; civil affairs; military support of programs pertaining to the overall civil defense; civil disturbance; domestic management of the Army; and legislative actions; audiovisual activities; command policies and programs pertaining to and control; automation and appropriation acts affecting the Army. communications programs and activities; Research, Development, and Materiel management of the program for law Acquisition This area includes: enforcement, correction and crime management of Army research, prevention for military members of the development and materiel acquisition; Army; and physical security. planning, programming, budgeting and Personnel This area includes: execution for the acquisition of materiel management of military and civilian obtained by the procurement personnel for overall integrated support appropriations for the Army; materiel life of the Army, including policies and cycle management from concept phase programs for manpower utilization through acquisition; and international standards, allocation and documentation, acquisition programs. career development, equal opportunity, Information Management This area leadership, alcohol and drug abuse includes: automation, communications, control, welfare and morale, promotion, audiovisual, records management, retention, and separation; military publications, and information compensation, transportation, and travel management. entitlements; repatriation plans and Logistics This area includes: operations; the personnel aspects of management of Department of the Army military construction and housing logistical activities for the movement and management; and research and maintenance of forces; logistical development related to training planning and support of Army and joint personnel, manpower systems, and service operations; materiel and supply human factors. management and maintenance; Reserve Components This area transportation; and Army interservice includes: management of individual and supply operations. unit readiness and mobilization for Engineering This area includes: Reserve Components, comprised of the management of Army engineering, 200 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL construction, installations, family professional education and training; housing, real estate, facilities career management authority over requirements and stationing, and real commissioned and warrant officer property maintenance activities; personnel of the Army Medical environmental preservation and Department; medical research, materiel improvement activities; applicable development, testing and evaluation; research and development activities for policies concerning health aspects of engineer missions to include Army environmental programs and environmental sciences; Army prevention of disease; and planning, topographic and military geographic programming, and budgeting for Army- information activities; and engineer wide health services. aspects of Army strategic and operational Inspection This area includes: plans. management of inquiries, inspections, Civil Functions Civil functions of the and reports on matters affecting the Department of the Army include the performance of mission and the state of Civil Works Program, the administration discipline, efficiency, economy, and of Arlington and Soldiers’ Home morale of the Department of the Army. National Cemeteries, and other related Religious This area includes: matters. The Army’s Civil Works management of religious and moral Program, a responsibility of the Corps of leadership and chaplain support Engineers under the direction and activities Armywide; religious supervision of the Secretary of the Army, ministrations, religious education, dates back to 1824 and is the Nation’s pastoral care, and counseling for Army major Federal water resources military personnel; liaison with the development activity and involves ecclesiastical agencies; chapel engineering works such as major dams, construction requirements and design reservoirs, levees, harbors, waterways, approval; and career management of locks, and many other types of clergymen serving in the Chaplains structures. These works provide flood Branch. protection for cities and major river Legal This area includes: legal advisory valleys, reduce the cost of transportation, services provided for all military supply water for municipal and industrial personnel and agencies of the Army; use, generate hydroelectric power, review and final action as designee of provide recreational opportunities for the Secretary of the Army on complaints vast numbers of people, regulate the of wrongs by service personnel rivers for many purposes including the submitted under the Uniform Code of improvement of water quality, protect Military Justice; administration of military the shores of oceans and lakes, and justice and civil law matters pertaining provide other types of benefits. Planning to the Army; administration of Army assistance is also provided to States and claims and legal assistance services; other non-Federal entities for the operation of the legal system for comprehensive management of water appellate review of court-martial records resources, including pollution abatement as provided by the Uniform Code of works. In addition, through the Civil Military Justice; general court-martial Works Program the Federal Government records custodianship; records protects the navigable waters and administration for proceedings of inquiry wetlands of the United States under and military commissions; liaison service legislation empowering the Secretary of with the Department of Justice and other the Army to prohibit activities that would Federal and State agencies on matters reduce their value to the Nation. connected with litigation and legal Medical This area includes: proceedings concerning the Army; and management of health services for the career management of Judge Advocate Army and, as directed for other services, General’s Corps officers. agencies, and organizations; health Public Affairs This area includes media standards for Army personnel; health relations, command information, and DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 201 community relations services, as well as historical matters, including historical preparation of information plans and properties; formulation and execution of programs in support of Army basic plans the Army Historical Program; and and programs. preparation and publication of histories History This area includes: advisory required by the Army. and coordination service provided on

Major Army Commands

United States Army Forces Command capability to execute its mission. The The Commanding General, United States Commanding General accomplishes that Army Forces Command, commands all duty through six related mission assigned active Army forces in the domains—doctrine, force design, continental United States and the materiel requirements, leader Continental United States Armies, and development, training, and mission assigned United States Army Reserve support. Responsibilities include Troop Program Units in the continental conducting all concept and doctrine United States and Puerto Rico. The development not assigned by Commanding General also commands Headquarters, Department of the Army those subordinate commands, (HQDA) to other commands and installations, and activities assigned by agencies and integrating the Army’s total Headquarters, Department of the Army, doctrine development; conducting all and, as directed, provides administrative combat developments not assigned by and logistical support through HQDA to other commands and agencies subordinate installation commanders to and, as the Army’s principal combat other Department of the Army, developer, guiding, coordinating, and Department of Defense, or other integrating the Army’s total combat Government agencies. The Commanding development effort; and developing, General also serves as the Commander maintaining, and supervising the training in Chief, Forces Command, a specified system by which the total Army trains to command, and as the Commander in fight. Chief, Army Forces Atlantic Command, The Commanding General commands the Army component of the United installations and activities as assigned by States Atlantic Command, a unified HQDA; and, as directed, provides command. administrative and logistical support The Commanding General of each of through assigned installation the Continental United States Armies has commanders to elements and agencies the primary mission, under the of the Department of the Army, the Commanding General, United States Department of Defense, or other Federal Army Forces Command, to command agencies that are tenants or satellites of the United States Army Reserve, plan for the installation. mobilization, coordinate domestic For further information, call 804–727–4465. emergencies, and exercise training supervision over the Army National United States Army Materiel Command Guard. The Commanding General, United States For further information, call 404–464–5607. Army Materiel Command, develops and provides materiel and related services to United States Army Training and the Army, to Army elements of unified Doctrine Command The Commanding commands and specified commands, to General, United States Army Training Department of Defense agencies, and to and Doctrine Command, prepares the other United States and foreign agencies Army for war, acts as the architect for as directed. Principal missions include the future, and ensures the Command’s equiping and sustaining a trained, ready 202 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Army; providing equipment and services personal security for selected Army and to other nations through the security DOD officials. To support these assistance program; developing and missions, the Commanding General acquiring nonmajor systems and operates a forensic laboratory system equipment; providing development and and a crime records center. The acquisition support to program investigative mission inherently includes managers; defining, developing, and devising investigative standards, acquiring superior technologies; procedures, and doctrinal policies; maintaining the mobilization capabilities special agent accreditation/certification; necessary to support the Army in collection/analysis of criminal emergencies; and improving productivity intelligence; assisting the legal and quality of life. community (and the Department of Justice) in fraud-related actions; and For further information, call 703–617–9625. operating a polygraph program. United States Army Intelligence and For further information, call 703–756–1232. Security Command The Commanding General, United States Army Intelligence Military Traffic Management Command and Security Command, is responsible The Commanding General, Military for worldwide support of the Army at Traffic Management Command, is the echelons above corps through electronic Executive Director for military traffic warfare, intelligence collection, management, land transportation, and counterintelligence, and operations common-user ocean terminal service security. within the continental United States, and for worldwide traffic management of the For further information, call 703–706–1232. Department of Defense personal United States Army Medical Command property moving and storage program. The Commanding General, United States The Commanding General provides Army Medical Command, performs transportation engineering services and health services for the Army within the support to all Department of Defense United States and, as directed, for other components and administers Department governmental agencies and activities. of Defense activities pertaining to Responsibilities include command of the Highways for National Defense and Army hospital system within the United Railroads for National Defense. States and other organizations, units, and For further information, call 703–681–6242. facilities as may be directed; medical professional education for Army United States Army Military District of personnel; health promotion and Washington The Commanding wellness for all beneficiaries; medical General, United States Army Military research and development; and District of Washington, commands units, development of medical doctrine, activities, and installations in the concepts, organizations, materiel National Capital area and elsewhere as requirements, and systems in support of may be assigned by Headquarters, the Army. Department of the Army (HQDA); provides base operation and other For further information, call 210–221–6313. support to the Department of the Army, United States Army Criminal Department of Defense, or other Investigation Command The Government activities that are tenants of Commanding General, United States or are located on their installations for Army Criminal Investigation Command, such support; plans for and executes centrally commands and controls those missions peculiar to the needs of worldwide Army investigation of serious the seat of government as assigned by crime, provides the full range of HQDA; and provides an organized and investigative support to all Army responsive defense of designated elements, conducts sensitive and special Department of Defense facilities. interest investigations, and provides For further information, call 202–685–3217. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 203

United States Army Corps of Engineers components of combatant commands The Commanding General, United States are set forth in directives of the Army Corps of Engineers, serves as the Department of Defense. The Army Army’s Real Property Manager, components of combatant commands performing the full cycle of real property are major commands of the Department activities (requirements, programming, of the Army and consist of such acquisition, operation, maintenance, and subordinate commands, units, activities, disposal); manages and executes and installations as may be assigned to engineering, construction, and real estate them by Headquarters, Department of programs for the Army and the United the Army. In certain combatant States Air Force; and performs research command areas—such as United States and development in support of these Atlantic Command—where the Army programs. The Commanding General does not have a separate, single, and manages and executes civil works distinct component headquarters or programs, including research and commander, a designated Army development, planning, design, commander in the area will be construction, operation and responsible for certain Army maintenance, and real estate activities ‘‘component’’ functions that must be related to rivers, harbors, and waterways; performed at his location. administers laws for protection and COMMANDS: preservation of navigable waters and United States Army Europe. Phone, 011–49–6221– related resources such as wetlands; and 57–8831. United States Army Japan. Phone, 011–81–0462– assists in recovery from natural disasters. 51–1520. For further information, call 202–761–0660. Eighth United States Army (Pentagon Korean Liaison Office). Phone, 703–694–3475. Army Components of Combatant United States Army Western Command. Phone, 808–471–7471. Commands The missions of the United States Army Special Operations Command. commanding generals of the Army Phone, 919–432–7587.

United States Military Academy West Point, NY 10996

Superintendent LT. GEN. DANIEL W. CHRISTMAN Commandant of Cadets BRIG. GEN. ROBERT J. ST.ONGE, JR. Dean of the Academic Board BRIG. GEN. FLETCHER M. LAMKIN

The United States Military Academy is training as junior officers. Cadets who located at West Point, NY. The course is complete the course satisfactorily receive of 4 years’ duration, during which the the degree of Bachelor of Science and a cadets receive, besides a general commission as second lieutenant in the education, theoretical and practical Army.

For further general information concerning the United States Military Academy, contact the Public Affairs Office, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996. Phone, 914–938–4261. For information about Military Academy admission criteria and policies, contact the Office of the Registrar, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996. 204 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Sources of Information

Arlington and Soldiers’ Home National Films, Videotapes, and Videodiscs Cemeteries For information write to the Requests for loan of Army-produced Superintendent, Arlington National films, videotapes, and videodiscs should Cemetery, Arlington, VA 22211–5003. be addressed to the Visual Information Phone, 703–695–3175. Support Centers of Army installations. Army Historical Program For Army productions are available for sale information concerning the Army from the National Audiovisual Center Historical Program, write to the U.S. (NAC), Washington, DC 20409–3701. Army Center of Military History, HQDA Department of the Army pamphlet 25– (DAMH), Franklin Court Building, 1099 90, Visual Information Products Catalog, 14th Street NW., Washington, DC lists the products that have been cleared 20005–3402. Phone, 202–761–5400. for public release. Information on Army historical Freedom of Information and Privacy Act publications, archival and artifact Requests Requests should be addressed resources, unit history, and other areas to the Information Management Officer of public interest is available of the Army installation or activity electronically through the Internet, at responsible for the requested http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/. information. If it is uncertain which Army activity has the information, Civilian Employment Employment requests may be submitted to the Army inquiries and applications should be Freedom of Information and Privacy Act directed to the following: (1) For Division, Information Systems employment in the Washington, DC, Command-Pentagon, Attn: ASQNS-OP-F, metropolitan area—Personnel and Room 1146, 2461 Eisenhower Avenue, Employment Service—Washington, Alexandria, VA 22331–0301. Phone, Room 3D727, The Pentagon, 703–325–6163. Washington, DC 20310–6800 (phone, Military Traffic Management Command 703–695–3383); (2) For employment Information concerning military outside the Washington, DC, transportation news and issues is metropolitan area—address or apply available electronically through the directly to the Army installation where Internet, at http://mtmc.army.mil/. employment is desired, Attn: Civilian Public Affairs and Community Relations Personnel Office; (3) For employment For official Army information and overseas—U.S. Army Civilian Personnel community relations, contact the Office Center, Attn: PECC–CSS, Hoffman II of the Chief of Public Affairs, Building, 200 Stovall Street, Alexandria, Department of the Army, Washington, VA 22332–0300 (phone, 703–325– DC 20310–1508. Phone, 703–694– 8712). 0741. During nonoffice hours, call 202– Contracts Contract procurement 695–0441. policies and procedures are the Publications Requests should be responsibility of the Deputy for addressed to the Information Procurement, Office of the Assistant Management Officer of the Army activity Secretary of the Army (Research, that publishes the requested publication. Development and Acquisition), Room Official publications published by 2E661, The Pentagon, Washington, DC Headquarters, Department of the Army, 20310–0103. Phone, 703–695–2488. are available from the National Environment Contact the Public Affairs Technical Information Service, Office, Office of the Chief of Engineers, Department of Commerce, Attn: Order Washington, DC 20314–1000, phone, Preprocessing Section, 5285 Port Royal 202–272–0010; or the nearest Corps of Road, Springfield, VA 22161–2171. Engineers Division or District Office Phone, 703–487–4600. If it is uncertain located in most major cities throughout which Army activity published the the United States. publication, requests should be DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 205 addressed to the Publishing Division, Corps of Engineer Division or District U.S. Army Publications and Printing Office. Command, Room 1050, 2461 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA Military Career and Training 22331–0301. Phone, 202–325–6292. Opportunities Reading Rooms The Pentagon Library Information on all phases of Army is located in Room 1A518, The enlistments and specialized training are Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310–6000. available by writing the United States Phone, 703–697–4301. The Discharge Army Recruiting Command, Fort Review/Correction Boards Reading Room Sheridan, IL 60037. Phone, 312–926– is located in Room 2E165, The 3322. Pentagon, Washington, DC 20319–1803. Army Health Professions For Phone, 703–695–3973. The Army information concerning career Freedom of Information Act Reading opportunities in Army Health Room is located in Room 1146, 2461 Professions, write to HQDA (SGPS–PD), Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA Skyline No. 5, 5100 Leesburg Pike, Falls 22331–0301. Phone, 703–325–6163. Church, VA 22041–3258. Phone, 703– Research Industry may obtain 756–8114. information on long-range research and Army ROTC The Army Reserve development plans concerning future Officers’ Training Corps is an materiel requirements and objectives educational program designed to from the Commander, U.S. Army develop college-educated officers for the Materiel Command, Attn: AMCPA, 5001 Active Army, the Army National Guard, Eisenhower Ave., Alexandria, VA and the Army Reserve. For information, 22333–0001. Phone, 703–274–8010. write or contact the Professor of Military Small Business Activities Aids to assist Science at the nearest college or small businesses in obtaining defense university offering the program, or the procurement contracts are available Army ROTC Regional Headquarters in through the Office of Small and your area. Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Army National Guard For information Office of the Secretary of the Army, concerning individual training Room 2A712, The Pentagon, opportunities in the National Guard, Washington, DC 20310–0106. Phone, contact the Army National Guard, ARO– 703–695–9800. OAC–ME, Edgewood, MD 21010–5420. Speakers Civilian organizations desiring Phone, 301–671–4789. an Army speaker may contact a nearby Chaplains Corps For information Army installation or write or call the concerning career opportunities as a Community Relations Division, Office of chaplain, write to the Office, Chief of the Chief of Public Affairs, Department Chaplains, HQDA (DACH–PER), of the Army, Washington, DC 20310– Washington, DC 20310–2700. Phone, 1508. Phone, 703–697–5720. Requests 703–693–2361. for Army Reserve speakers may be Commissioning Opportunities for addressed to HQDA (DAAR–PA), Women All commissioning sources Washington, DC 20310–2423, or the available to men are available to local Army Reserve Center. women. Organizations in the Washington, DC, Judge Advocate General’s Corps For area desiring chaplain speakers may information concerning career contact the Chief of Chaplains, opportunities as a lawyer, military and Department of the Army, Washington, civilian, write to the Personnel, Plans, DC 20310–2700. Phone, 703–693– and Training Office, Office of the Judge 2361. Information on speakers may be Advocate General, Department of the obtained by contacting the Public Affairs Army, HQDA (DAJA–PT), Washington, Office, Office of the Chief of Engineers, DC 20310–2200. Phone, 703–695– Washington, DC 20314, or the nearest 1353. 206 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Officer Candidate Schools Members of United States Military Academy For the Active Army and Reserve information write to the Director of Components may attend the 14-week Admissions, United States Military course at Fort Benning, GA. Academy, West Point, NY 10996. Phone, 914–938–4041.

For further information concerning the Department of the Army, contact the Office of the Chief of Public Affairs, Headquarters, Department of the Army, Washington, DC 20310–1508. Phone, 703–694–0741. DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20350 Phone, 703–545–6700

SECRETARY OF THE NAVY JOHN H. DALTON Executive Assistant and Naval Aide CAPT. L.W. CRENSHAW, USN Military Assistant and Marine Corps Aide COL. J.R. BATTAGLINI, USMC Administrative Aide CDR. K.S. LIPPOLD, USN Special Assistant for Public Affairs CAPT. C.D. CONNOR, USN Special Assistant for Legislation CDR. J.D. MCCARTHY, USN Director, Office of Program Appraisal VICE ADM. C.C. LAUTENBACHER, JR., USN Deputy Director (VACANCY) Under Secretary of the Navy RICHARD DANZIG Executive Assistant and Naval Aide CAPT. KEVIN J. COSGRIFF, USN Special Assistant and Marine Corps Aide COL. J.J. PAXTON, USMC Assistant for Administration ROY L. CARTER Director, Small and Disadvantaged Business D.L. HATHAWAY Utilization Director, Total Quality Leadership Office LINDA DOHERTY Auditor General of the Navy RICHARD L. SHAFFER Director, Naval Criminal Investigative (VACANCY) Service Chief of Information REAR ADM. K. PEASE, USN Deputy Chief of Information CAPT. JAMES P. MITCHELL, USN Chief of Legislative Affairs REAR ADM. NORBERT R. RYAN, JR., USN Deputy Chief of Legislative Affairs CAPT. JAY M. COHEN, USN General Counsel STEVEN S. HONIGMAN Executive Assistant and Special Counsel BRYAN H. WOOD Principal Deputy General Counsel LEIGH A. BRADLEY Deputy General Counsel EUGENE P. ANGRIST Associate General Counsel (Management) FRED A. PHELPS Associate General Counsel (Litigation) ARTHUR H. HILDEBRANDT Assistant General Counsel (Research, SOPHIE A. KRASIK Development, and Acquisition) Assistant General Counsel (Manpower and JOSEPH G. LYNCH Reserve Affairs) Assistant General Counsel (Installation and C. JOHN TURNQUIST Environment) Assistant General Counsel (Financial MARGARET A. OLSEN Management and Comptroller) Counsel, Commandant of the Marine Corps PETER M. MURPHY Counsel, Naval Air Systems Command CHARLES J. MCMANUS Counsel, Space and Naval Warfare Systems TIMOTHY K. DOWD Command Counsel, Naval Facilities Engineering CHRISTINE C. MUTH Command Counsel, Naval Sea Systems Command WILLIAM P. MOLZAHN 207 208 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Counsel, Naval Supply Systems Command DOUGLAS P. LARSEN, JR. Counsel, Military Sealift Command RICHARD S. HAYNES Counsel, Office of the Chief of Naval ELWARD L. SAUL Research Naval Inspector General VICE ADM. JAMES FITZGERALD, USN Deputy Naval Inspector General JILL VINES LOFTUS Judge Advocate General of the Navy REAR ADM. JOHN D. HUTSON, JAGC, USN Deputy Judge Advocate General REAR ADM. C.M. LEGRAND, JAGC, USN Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial DEBORAH P. CHRISTIE Management and Comptroller) Principal Deputy GLADYS J. COMMONS Executive Assistant and Naval Aide CAPT. MARK E. EASTON, USN Special Assistant and Marine Corps Aide MAJ. BEVERLY J. RUNOLFSON, USMC Director, Office of Budget REAR ADM. JAMES F. AMERAULT, USN Director, Office of Financial Operations A. ANTHONY TISONE Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and BERNARD S. ROSTKER Reserve Affairs) Executive Assistant and Naval Aide CAPT. STEWART BARNETT, USN Military Assistant and Marine Corps Aide COL. MARY LOWERY, USMC Deputy Assistant Secretary (Manpower) KAREN S. HEATH Deputy Assistant Secretary (Reserve Affairs) WADE R. SANDERS Deputy Assistant Secretary (Personnel CHARLES L. TOMPKINS Programs) Deputy Assistant Secretary (Civilian BETTY S. WELCH Personnel Policy/Equal Employment Opportunity) Director, Naval Council of Personnel Boards CAPT. JACOB JOHNSON, USN Deputy Director (VACANCY) Executive Director, Board for Correction of W. DEAN PFEIFFER Naval Records Deputy Executive Director ROBERT D. ZSALMAN Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Installations ROBERT B. PIRIE, JR. and Environment) Executive Assistant and Naval Aide CAPT. ANDREW D. BRUNHART Special Assistant and Marine Corps Aide LT. COL. LARRY JOHNSON, USMC Principal Deputy WILLIAM J. CASSIDY, JR., Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary (Environment and ELSIE L. MUNSELL Safety) Deputy Assistant Secretary (Installation and DUNCAN HOLADAY Facilities) Deputy Assistant Secretary (Shore Resources) RICHARD O. THOMAS Deputy Assistant Secretary (Conversion and WILLIAM J. CASSIDY, JR. Redevelopment) Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, JOHN W. DOUGLASS Development, and Acquisition) Executive Assistant and Naval Aide CAPT. JOSEPH CARNEVALE, USN Special Assistant and Marine Corps Aide COL. DAVID SADDLER, USMC Principal Deputy REAR ADM. M.P. SULLIVAN, USN Deputy Assistant Secretary (Air Programs) WILLIAM A. STUSSIE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 209

Deputy Assistant Secretary (Command, MARVIN LANGSTON Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence) Deputy Assistant Secretary (Expeditionary BRIG. GEN. MICHAEL A. HOUGH, Forces Programs) USMC Deputy Assistant Secretary (Mines and (VACANCY) Undersea Warfare Programs) Deputy Assistant Secretary (Planning, WILLIAM J. SCHAEFER, JR. Programming, and Resources) Deputy Assistant Secretary (Ships) MICHAEL C. HAMMES Deputy for Acquisition and Business CAPT. RICHARD GINMAN, USN Management/Competition Advocate General Director, Acquisition Career Management W.H. HAUENSTEIN Acquisition Reform Executive DANIEL E. PORTER Chief of Naval Research REAR ADM. PAUL G. GAFFNEY II, USN Executive Assistant COMDR. MARK TOMB, USN Program Executive Officers/Direct Reporting REAR ADM. J.A. COOK; J. DESALME, Program Managers JR.; TIM DOUGLASS; COL. J.M. FEIGLEY, USMC; REAR ADM. R.E. FRICK, USN; CAPT. JOSEPH HADDOCK, USN; REAR ADM. G.A. HUCHTING, USN; REAR ADM. HERBERT C. KALER, USN; REAR ADM. G.P. NANOS, JR.; REAR ADM. R.P. REMPT, USN; REAR ADM. DAVID P. SARGENT, JR., USN; REAR ADM. C.E. STEIDLE, USN; REAR ADM. B.D. STRONG, USN U.S. Navy Chief of Naval Operations ADM. J.L. JOHNSON, USN Vice Chief of Naval Operations ADM. H.W. GEHMAN, JR., USN Deputy Chief, Manpower and Personnel VICE ADM. D.T. OLIVER, USN Director of Naval Intelligence REAR ADM. M.W. CRAMER, USN Deputy Chief, Logistics VICE ADM. W.J. HANCOCK, USN Deputy Chief, Plans, Policy and VICE ADM. J.O. ELLIS, JR., USN Operations Director of Space and Information Warfare VICE ADM. A.K. CEBROWSKI, USN Director of Naval Training VICE ADM. P.A. TRACEY, USN Deputy Chief, Resources, Warfare VICE ADM. D.L. TILLING, USN Requirements and Assessments Director of Navy Staff REAR ADM. A.N. LANGSTON III, USN Director of Naval Nuclear Propulsion ADM. F.L. BOWMAN, USN Program Director of Test and Evaluation and REAR ADM. R.A. RIDDELL, USN Technology Requirements Surgeon General of the Navy VICE ADM. H.M. KOENIG, MC, USN Director of Naval Reserve REAR ADM. G.D. VAUGHAN, USN Oceanographer of the Navy REAR ADM. P.E. TOBIN, JR., USN Chief of Chaplains of the Navy/Director of REAR ADM. D.K. MUCHOW, CHC, Religious Ministries USN 210 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Special Assistant for Public Affairs Support REAR ADM. K. PEASE, USN Special Assistant for Safety Matters REAR ADM. F.M. DIRREN, USN Special Assistant for Inspection Support VICE ADM. J.R. FITZGERALD, USN Special Assistant for Legal Services REAR ADM. J.D. HUTSON JAGC, USN Special Assistant for Legislative Support REAR ADM. N.R. RYAN, USN Special Assistant for Naval Investigative (VACANCY) Matters and Security Special Assistant for Material Inspections REAR ADM. H.F. HERRERA, USN and Surveys Major Shore Commands: Director, Strategic Systems Program REAR ADM. G.P. NANOS, JR., USN Commander, Naval Air Systems Command VICE ADM. J.A. LOCKARD, USN Commander, Space and Naval Warfare REAR ADM. G.F.A. WAGNER, USN Systems Command Commander, Naval Facilities Engineering REAR ADM. D.J. NASH, CEC, USN Command Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command VICE ADM. G.R. STERNER, USN Commander, Naval Supply Systems Command REAR ADM. R.M. MITCHELL, JR., SC, USN Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery VICE ADM. H.M. KOENIG, MC, USN Chief of Naval Personnel VICE ADM. D.T. OLIVER, USN Commander, Naval Meteorology and REAR ADM. PAUL G. GAFFNEY II, Oceanography Command USN Commander, Naval Computer and CAPT. M.P. FINN, USN Telecommunications Command Director, Office of Naval Intelligence REAR ADM. M.W. CRAMER, USN Commander, Naval Security Group Command REAR ADM. T.F. STEVENS, USN Chief of Naval Education and Training VICE ADM. PATRICIA A. TRACEY, USN Commander, Naval Legal Service Command REAR ADM. C.M. LEGRAND, JAGC, USN Commander, Naval Doctrine Command REAR ADM. M.L. BOWMAN, USN Commander, Naval Space Command REAR ADM. K.S. LAUGHTON, USN Major Fleet Commands: Commander in Chief, U.S. Atlantic Fleet ADM. W.J. FLANAGAN, JR., USN Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet ADM. R.J. ZLATOPER, USN Commander in Chief, U.S. Naval Forces ADM. T.J. LOPEZ, USN Europe Commander, Military Sealift Command VICE ADM. P.M. QUAST, USN Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central VICE ADM. T.B. FARGO, USN Command Commander, Naval Special Warfare Command REAR ADM. T.R. RICHARDS, USN Commander, Naval Reserve Force REAR ADM. T.F. HALL, USN Commander, Operational Test and Evaluation REAR ADM. S.H. BAKER, USN Force U.S. Marine Corps Commandant of the Marine Corps GEN. C.C. KRULAK, USMC Military Secretary to the Commandant COL. R.E. APPLETON, USMC Aide-de-Camp LT. COL. J.R. ALLEN, USMC Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps GEN. R.I. NEAL, USMC Aide-de-Camp MAJ. K.F. FREDERICK, USMC Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps SGT. MAJ. L.G. LEE, USMC DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 211

Director, Marine Corps Staff MAJ. GEN. L.M. PALM, USMC Secretary of the General Staff COL. P.F. SHUTLER, USMC Director, Special Projects Directorate COL. R.M. BACHILLER, USMC Counsel for the Commandant PETER M. MURPHY Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, Policies, and LT. GEN. M.R. STEELE, USMC Operations Director, Operations Division BRIG. GEN. M.E. BRODERICK, USMC Director, Plans Division BRIG. GEN. W.C. GREGSON, JR., USMC Deputy Chief of Staff for Aviation LT. GEN. T.R. DAKE, USMC Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff for Aviation and BRIG. GEN. R. MAGNUS, USMC Director, Aviation Plans, Policy, and Requirements Division Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower and LT. GEN. C.A. MUTTER, USMC Reserve Affairs Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower D.S. HOWELL and Reserve Affairs Director, Reserve Affairs Division BRIG. GEN. D.M. MIZE, USMC Director, Personnel Management Division BRIG. GEN. H.P. OSMAN, USMC Director, Manpower Plans and Policy Division BRIG. GEN. G.S. NEWBOLD, USMC Director, Morale, Welfare, and Recreation (VACANCY) Support Activity Director, Human Resources Division COL. K.W. HILLMAN, USMC Deputy Chief of Staff for Installations and MAJ. GEN. J.D. STEWART, USMC Logistics Director, Facilities and Services Division (VACANCY) Director, Contracts Division P.E. ZANFAGNA Director, Logistics Plans, Policies, and Strategic BRIG. GEN. P.M. LEE, USMC Mobility Division Director, Programs and Financial Management SUSAN E. FOX Division Deputy Chief of Staff for Programs and LT. GEN. J.W. OSTER, USMC Resources Director, Programs Division MAJ. GEN. T.A. BRAATEN, USMC Director, Fiscal Division H.L. DIXSON Assistant Chief of Staff for Command, Control, MAJ. GEN. D.A. RICHWINE, USMC Communications, Computers, and Intelligence Deputy Assistant Chief of Staff M.H. DECKER Director of Intelligence COL. B.A. HARDER, USMC Legislative Assistant to the Commandant BRIG. GEN. R.L. WEST, USMC Director of Public Affairs BRIG. GEN. C.L. STANLEY, USMC Staff Judge Advocate to the Commandant of BRIG. GEN. T.G. HESS, USMC the Marine Corps Director of Administration and Resource L.J. KELLY Management Director of Marine Corps History and (VACANCY) Museums President, Permanent Marine Corps Uniform BRIG. GEN. R.R. BLACKMON, JR., Board USMC The Medical Officer, U.S. Marine Corps CAPT. A. DIAZ, JR., USN The Dental Officer, U.S. Marine Corps CAPT. L.G. HERMAN, USN The Chaplain, U.S. Marine Corps CAPT. G.W. PUCCIARELLI, USN 212 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Commanding General, Marine Corps MAJ. GEN. J.W. KLIMP, USMC Recruiting Command Commanding General, Marine Corps Combat LT. GEN. P.K. VAN RIPER, USMC Development Command Commander, Marine Corps Systems Command MAJ. GEN. P.D. WILLIAMS, USMC Commanding General, Marine Corps Base, BRIG. GEN. E. KELLEY, USMC Quantico [For the Department of the Navy statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 32, Part 700]

The primary mission of the Department of the Navy is to protect the United States, as directed by the President or the Secretary of Defense, by the effective prosecution of war at sea including, with its Marine Corps component, the seizure or defense of advanced naval bases; to support, as required, the forces of all military departments of the United States; and to maintain freedom of the seas.

The United States Navy was founded on department within the Department of October 13, 1775, when Congress Defense (63 Stat. 578). enacted the first legislation creating the The Secretary of the Navy is appointed Continental Navy of the American by the President as the head of the Revolution. The Department of the Navy Department of the Navy and is and the Office of Secretary of the Navy responsible to the Secretary of Defense were established by act of April 30, for the operation and efficiency of the 1798 (10 U.S.C. 5011, 5031). For 9 Navy (10 U.S.C. 5031). years prior to that date, by act of August 7, 1789 (1 Stat. 49), the conduct of The organization of the Department of naval affairs was under the Secretary of the Navy is reflected in the organization War. chart and personnel listing. The The National Security Act Department of the Navy includes the Amendments of 1949 provided that the U.S. Coast Guard when it is operating as Department of the Navy be a military a Service in the Navy.

Office of the Secretary of the Navy Secretary of the Navy deputy and principal assistant to the The Secretary of the Navy is the head of Secretary, and acts with full authority of the Department of the Navy. Under the the Secretary in the general management direction, authority, and control of the of the Department. Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Navy is responsible for the policies and Civilian Executive Assistants control of the Department of the Navy, The Civilian Executive Assistants to the including its organization, Secretary are the principal advisers and administration, functioning, and assistants to the Secretary of the Navy on efficiency. The members of the the administration of the affairs of the Secretary’s executive administration Department of the Navy as a whole and assist in the discharge of the are assigned departmentwide responsibilities of the Secretary of the responsibilities for areas essential to the Navy. efficient administration of the During the temporary absence of the Department of the Navy. Secretary of the Navy, the Under The Civilian Executive Assistants to the Secretary of the Navy is next in Secretary of the Navy are the Under succession to act as the Secretary of the Secretary of the Navy, the Assistant Navy. The Under Secretary functions as Secretaries of the Navy, and the General DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 213 RESERVE MARINE CORPS HEADQUARTERS U.S. MARINE CORPS GENERAL COUNSEL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PROGRAM DIRECTOR APPRAISAL OF THE SUPPORTING MARINE CORPS ESTABLISHMENT OPERATING FORCES COMMANDANT OF organizations. THE MARINE CORPS AUDITOR GENERAL CENTER (SUPPORT) COMMAND NAVAL LEGAL NAVAL SPACE (INSTALLATIONS AND ENVIRONMENT) NAVAL SAFETY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE NAVY SERVICE COMMAND NAVAL GENERAL INSPECTOR (INCLUDES (INCLUDES COMMAND COMMAND OFFICE OF PACIFIC FLEET ATLANTIC FLEET (FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT) NAVAL DOCTRINE NAVAL INTELLIGENCE FLEET MARINE FORCES) FLEET MARINE FORCES) NAVAL SECURITY GROUP ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE NAVY SECRETARY OF THE NAVY OF THE NAVY UNDER SECRETARY NAVAL OPERATIONS OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF MILITARY COMMAND CHIEF OF NAVAL SEALIFT COMMAND U.S. NAVAL FORCES CENTRAL COMMAND NAVAL COMPUTER AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS NAVAL METEOROLOGY AND DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY EDUCATION AND TRAINING OCEANOGRAPHY COMMAND GENERAL OF THE NAVY CHIEF OF (MANPOWER AND RESERVE AFFAIRS) ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE NAVY JUDGE ADVOCATE NAVAL OPERATIONS EUROPE PROGRAMS NAVAL SPECIAL NAVAL SUPPLY NAVAL FACILITIES U.S. NAVAL FORCES WARFARE COMMAND SYSTEMS COMMAND STRATEGIC SYSTEMS ENGINEERING COMMAND CHIEF OF CHIEF OF INFORMATION ACQUISITION) NAVAL RESEARCH (RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE NAVY *Systems commands and SSP report ASNto (RDA) for acquisition matters only. **Also includes other Echelon 2 commands and subordinate activities under the command or supervision of the designated BUREAU OF AND SURGERY FORCES NAVAL PERSONNEL BUREAU OF MEDICINE OPERATIONAL NAVAL AIR COMMAND NAVAL SEA AFFAIRS CHIEF OF LEGISLATIVE SPACE AND NAVAL TEST AND EVALUATION WARFARE SYSTEMS SYSTEMS COMMAND SYSTEMS COMMAND NAVAL RESERVE FORCES * **SHORE EXECUTIVE ESTABLISHMENT **OPERATING FORCES **OPERATING 214 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Counsel of the Navy. It is the policy of The Judge Advocate General also the Secretary to assign departmentwide supervises the administration of military responsibilities essential to the efficient justice throughout the Department of the administration of the Department of the Navy, performs functions required or Navy to the Civilian Executive Assistants. authorized by the Uniform Code of Each Civilian Executive Assistant, Military Justice, and provides technical within an assigned area of responsibility, supervision for the Naval Justice School is the principal adviser and assistant to at Newport, RI. the Secretary on the administration of The Judge Advocate General maintains the affairs of the Department of the a close working relationship with the Navy. The Civilian Executive Assistants General Counsel on all matters of carry out the duties in harmony with the common interest and liaisons with other statutory positions of the Chief of Naval departments and agencies of the Operations, who is the principal military Government as appropriate. adviser and executive to the Secretary The Deputy Judge Advocate General regarding naval matters, and the performs the duties of the Judge Commandant of the Marine Corps, who Advocate General when there is a is the principal military adviser and vacancy in that office, or during the executive regarding Marine Corps absence or disability of the Judge matters. Each is authorized and directed Advocate General. The Deputy Judge to act for the Secretary within his Advocate General is also Commander of assigned area of responsibility. the Naval Legal Service Command which includes Naval Legal Service The Staff Assistants Offices, their detachments, and the The Staff Assistants to the Secretary of Naval Justice School. the Navy are the Naval Inspector Officers of the Judge Advocate General, the Auditor General of the General’s Corps and judge advocates of Navy, and the Chief of Information. The the Marine Corps provide a variety of heads of such other offices and boards legal services to both individual established by law or by the Secretary servicemembers and naval commands for the purpose of assisting the Secretary and activities. Legal assistance service to or one or more of the Civilian Executive qualified servicemembers and their Assistants in the administration of the dependents includes advice on tax, Department of the Navy are detailed as adoption, divorce, contracts, and follows. landlord/tenant matters. Individual Judge Advocate General The Judge servicemembers are provided personal Advocate General is the senior officer representation for courts-martial, and and head of the Judge Advocate may be provided assistance for General’s Corps, and the Office of the nonjudicial punishment, complaints Judge Advocate General. The Judge pursuant to Article 138 of the Uniform Advocate General provides or supervises Code of Military Justice, and petitions to the provision of all legal advice and the Board for Correction of Naval related services throughout the Records. Department of the Navy, except for the Unified, specified, and naval advice and services provided by the commands are provided legal service on General Counsel. He also performs such diverse matters as investigations, functions required or authorized by law; claims, environmental law, admiralty, provides legal and policy advice to the operational and international law and Secretary of the Navy on military justice, treaty interpretation, courts-martial, ethics, administrative law, claims, nonjudicial punishment, civilian environmental law, operational and personnel law at field activities (under international law and treaty the overall coordination and policy interpretation, and litigation involving guidance of the Office of Civilian these issues; and acts on other matters as Personnel Management), military directed by the Secretary. personnel law, Freedom of Information DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 215

Act/Privacy Act, service of process, and development and manufacturing the authority of installation commanders. processes on U.S. production lines.

For further information, contact the Public Affairs For further information, contact the Office of Naval Officer, Office of the Judge Advocate General, Research, Ballston Tower One, 800 North Quincy Department of the Navy, 200 Stovall Street, Street, Arlington, VA 22217–5660. Phone, 703– Alexandria, VA 22332–2400. Phone, 703–614– 696–5031. 7420. Personnel Boards The Naval Council of Naval Criminal Investigative Service Personnel Boards, comprised of the The Director, Naval Criminal Naval Discharge Review Board, Naval Investigative Service, commands a Complaints Review Board, Naval worldwide organization with Clemency and Parole Board, and the representation in more than 160 Physical Evaluation Board administers, geographic locations to provide criminal under the Assistant Secretary of the Navy investigative, counterintelligence, law (Manpower and Reserve Affairs), personnel services and support as enforcement and physical security, and indicated by each component board’s information and personnel security title. support to the Navy and Marine Corps, The Naval Discharge Review Board both ashore and afloat. The Naval reviews, pursuant to 10 U.S.C. 1553, Criminal Investigative Service is upon its own motion or upon request by comprised of law enforcement or on behalf of former Navy and Marine professionals who are investigators, Corps members, the type and reason for crime laboratory technicians, technical discharge or dismissal received by that investigative specialists, security former member, except a discharge or specialists, and administrative support dismissal by reason of the sentence of personnel. general court-martial. It determines whether, under reasonable standards of For further information, contact the Director, Naval Criminal Investigative Service, Department of the naval law and discipline, a discharge or Navy, Washington, DC 20388–5000. Phone, 202– dismissal should be changed and, if so, 433–8800; or contact the Operations Control what change should be made. Center/Headquarters Duty Officer at 202–433– The Naval Complaints Review Board 9323. reviews, upon request, decisional Research and Technology The Office documents and/or index entries created of Naval Research, established by act of by the Naval Discharge Review Board after April 1, 1977. The Naval Congress on August 1, 1946 (10 U.S.C. Complaints Review Board determines 5150–5153), is headed by the Chief of whether decisional documents conform Naval Research, who is authorized to act to those applicable regulations of the for the Secretary of the Navy on all Department of Defense and the assigned matters. Department of the Navy. The Office is integrated headquarters The Naval Clemency and Parole of the Navy for science and technology Board reviews, pursuant to 10 U.S.C. investment. Within the science and 953–954, Navy and Marine Corps court- technology structure, funding for basic martial cases referred to it and grants or research, exploratory development, denies clemency; and, pursuant to 10 advanced technology development, U.S.C. 952, reviews and directs that parole be granted or denied in cases manufacturing technologies, and small referred to it for review. business support is merged under the The Physical Evaluation Board management of the Chief of Naval organizes and administers disability Research. The Office of Naval Research evaluations within the Department of the integrates the Navy’s science and Navy, pursuant to 10 U.S.C., chapter 61, technology investments, and accelerates and other applicable provisions of law research results into technology and regulation. It is comprised of the Record Review Panel, regional hearing 216 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL panels at Bethesda, MD, and San Diego, suffered by members and former CA, and disability evaluation system members of the Navy and Marine Corps. counselors located at major medical The Secretary of the Navy, acting centers. The system considers evidence through this board of civilians of the concerning disabilities of personnel and executive part of the Department, is determines the appropriate disposition in authorized to take action consistent with each case. law and regulation to correct naval or military records of the Department of the For further information, contact the Naval Council Navy where such action is necessary or of Personnel Boards, Department of the Navy, Room 905, 801 North Randolph Street, Arlington, appropriate to correct an error or to VA 22203. Phone, 703–696–4356. remove an injustice. The Board represents the highest echelon of review Naval Records The Board for of administrative errors and injustices. Correction of Naval Records is a The Board reviews, on application, statutory civilian board established, actions taken by various boards and pursuant to the provisions of 10 U.S.C. officials in the Department. 1552, to relieve the Congress of the For further information, contact the Board for burden and necessity of considering Correction of Naval Records, Department of the private relief legislation for the Navy, Room 2432, Navy Annex, Washington, DC correction of errors and injustices 20370–5100. Phone, 703–614–1402.

United States Navy Chief of Naval Operations Department of the Navy to ensure that total efforts afford adequate support to In the performance of his duties within the combatant forces and are the Department of the Navy, the Chief of coordinated among themselves to assure Naval Operations (CNO) takes economy and efficiency of operation. precedence above all other officers of the naval service. He is the Navy member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Operating Forces of the Navy The Chief of Naval Operations, under The Operating Forces of the Navy are the Secretary of the Navy, exercises responsible for naval operations command over certain central executive necessary to carry out the Department of organizations, assigned shore activities, the Navy’s role in upholding and and the Operating Forces of the Navy. advancing the national policies and The Chief of Naval Operations plans interests of the United States. The for and provides the manpower, Operating Forces of the Navy include material, weapons, facilities, and the several fleets, seagoing forces, Fleet services to support the needs of the Marine Forces and other assigned Navy, with the exception of the Fleet Marine Corps forces, the Military Sealift Marine Forces; maintains water Command, and other forces and transportation services, including sea activities as may be assigned by the transportation services for the President or the Secretary of the Navy. Department of Defense; directs the The Chief of Naval Operations is Naval Reserve; and exercises authority responsible for the command and for matters of naval administration, administration of the Operating Forces of including matters related to customs and the Navy. traditions of the naval service, security, The Pacific Fleet is composed of ships, intelligence, discipline, naval submarines, and aircraft operating communications, and naval operations. throughout the Pacific and Indian The Chief of Naval Operations Oceans. exercises area coordination authority The Atlantic Fleet is composed of over all shore activities of the ships, submarines, and aircraft that DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 217 operate throughout the Atlantic Ocean components, other surface and undersea and Mediterranean Sea. warfare and weapons systems, and The Naval Forces, Europe, includes ordnance expendables not specifically forces assigned by the Chief of Naval assigned to other system commands. Operations or made available from either the Pacific or Atlantic Fleet to For further information, contact the Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC operate in the European theater. 20362–5101. Phone, 703–602–3328. The Military Sealift Command provides ocean transportation (by Air Systems The Commander, Naval Government-owned or commercial Air Systems Command, provides for the vessels) for personnel and cargo of all material support to the Navy and Marine components of the Department of Corps for aircraft, airborne weapon Defense and as authorized for other systems, avionics, related photographic Federal agencies; operates and maintains and support equipment, ranges, and underway replenishment ships and other targets. vessels providing mobile logistic support to elements of the combatant fleets; and For further information, contact the Commander, operates ships in support of scientific Naval Air Systems Command, Washington, DC projects and other programs for Federal 20361–0001. Phone, 703–692–2260. agencies. Space and Naval Warfare Systems The Other major commands of the Commander, Space and Naval Warfare Operating Forces of the Navy are the Systems Command, provides technical Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central and material support to the Department Command; Commander, Operational of the Navy for space systems; Test and Evaluation Force; Commander, command, control, communications, and Naval Special Warfare Command; and intelligence systems; and electronic Commander, Naval Reserve Force. warfare and undersea surveillance. Navy Command Structure For further information, contact the Commander, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command, The Chief of Naval Operations manages Washington, DC 20363–5100. Phone, 703–602– and supports the Operating Forces of the 8768. Navy through the following executive and functional organization structure. Supply Systems The Commander, Chief of Naval Operations The Office Naval Supply Systems Command, of the Chief of Naval Operations is the provides for the material support to the headquarters of the Navy which advises Navy and Marine Corps for materials, and assists the Secretary, the Under supplies, and supporting services by Secretary, the Assistant Secretaries, and providing supply management policies the Chief of Naval Operations in the and methods and administering related discharge of their responsibilities. The support service systems. Office of the Chief of Naval Operations was established basically in its present For further information, contact the Commander, Naval Supply Systems Command, Washington, DC structure by Executive Order 9635 of 20376–5000. Phone, 703–695–4009. September 29, 1945, and later by act of March 5, 1948 (10 U.S.C. 141, 171, Naval Facilities The Commander, 5036(b), 5081–5088); and by act of Naval Facilities Engineering Command, October 1, 1986 (10 U.S.C. 111 note). provides for material and technical Sea Systems The Commander, Naval support to the Navy and Marine Corps Sea Systems Command, provides for shore facilities, real property and material support to the Navy and Marine utilities, fixed ocean systems and Corps, and for mobilization purposes to structures, transportation and the Department of Defense and construction equipment, energy, Department of Transportation, for ships, environmental and natural resources submarines, and other sea platforms, shipboard combat systems and 218 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL management, and support of the Naval plans and programs that provide for an Construction Forces. effective medical and dental readiness capability; For further information, contact the Commander, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, 200 Stovall —acquires, trains, and maintains a Street, Alexandria, VA 22332–2300. Phone, 703– force of professional and technical 325–0589. personnel; —provides professional and technical Strategic Systems The Director, medical and dental service to the Fleet, Strategic Systems Programs, provides for Fleet Marine Force, and shore activities the development, production, and of the Navy; material support to the Navy for fleet —ensures that assigned activities are ballistic missile and strategic weapon able to achieve successful accreditation systems, including the missiles, and recognition by appropriate platforms, and associated equipment; governmental and civilian agencies and security, training of personnel, and the commissions; and installation and direction of necessary —ensures cooperation with civil supporting facilities. authorities in matters pertaining to public For further information, contact the Director, health disasters and other emergencies, Strategic Systems Programs, Department of the in conjunction with maintaining and Navy, Washington, DC 20376–5002. Phone, 703– safeguarding the health of Navy and 695–2158. Marine Corps personnel. Naval Personnel The Chief of Naval For further information, contact the Bureau of Personnel directs the procurement, Medicine and Surgery, Department of the Navy, Twenty-third and E Streets NW., Washington, DC distribution, administration, and career 20372–5120. Phone, 202–762–3701. motivation of the military personnel of the regular and reserve components of Oceanography The Commander, Naval the United States Navy to meet the Meteorology and Oceanography quantitative and qualitative manpower Command, and the Superintendent, U.S. requirements determined by the Chief of Naval Observatory, are responsible for Naval Operations. He also directs the the science, technology, engineering, management and administration of the operations, and those personnel and Navy Civilian Personnel/Equal facilities associated with each, which are Employment Opportunity Programs and essential to explore the ocean and the develops servicewide programs for atmosphere and to provide astronomical improved human resources management. data and time for naval and related national objectives. Oceanography For further information, contact the Bureau of examines how naval operations are Naval Personnel, Department of the Navy, Federal Office Building No. 2, Washington, DC 20370– influenced by the physical environment 5000. Phone, 703–614–1271. and applies its findings to the development of technology and methods Naval Medicine The Chief, Bureau of for improving naval operations. Medicine and Surgery: The Naval Oceanographic Program —directs the provision of medical and embraces five major disciplines of dental services for Navy and Marine physical science to investigate the nature Corps personnel and other persons and behavior of the ocean environment authorized by law; in which the Navy operates. They are: —ensures that health care program Hydrography—to collect data for the policies are optimally executed through charting of the oceans and to establish the acquisition and effective utilization geodetic references for navigation; of financial and manpower resources; Oceanography—to define the —maintains all assigned activities in a characteristics of the water volume for proper state of material and personnel use in ocean reporting and prediction, readiness to fulfill assigned peacetime and studies of underwater acoustics, and contingency mission taskings; water dynamics, corrosion, and other —administers the execution and factors influencing the performance of implementation of contingency support naval systems; DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 219

Meteorology—to define the relocated to prepared global sites to characteristics of the atmosphere for use support naval forces. in weather reporting and prediction, and For further information, contact the Commander, studies of upper atmosphere winds and Naval Space Command, Department of the Navy, currents, refractive indices for radar Dahlgren, VA 22448–5170. Phone, 703–663–7841. performance, and similar factors; Legal Services The Commander, Naval Astrometry—to determine the position Legal Service Command, under the and motions of celestial bodies required command of the Chief of Naval for accurate navigation, operational Operations, is responsible for support, and use in calculating precise administering the legal services program geodetic positions and azimuth within the Navy and providing references on Earth; and command direction for all Naval Legal Precise Time—to determine, provide, Service Command activities and and manage the distribution of precise resources. time and time interval (frequency), both For further information, contact the Commander, atomic and astronomical, for use in Naval Legal Service Command, 200 Stovall Street, electronic navigation and command, Alexandria, VA 22332–2400. Phone, 703–325– control, and communications. 9820.

For further information, contact the following Computers and Telecommunications offices: Oceanographer of the Navy, U.S. Naval The Commander, Naval Computer and Observatory, Washington, DC 20392–1800. Phone, Telecommunications Command, 202–762–1026. Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command, Stennis Space performs functions to provide, operate, Center, MS 39529–5005. Phone, 601–688–4726. and maintain all Navy ashore Superintendent, Naval Observatory, Washington, communications resources and all non- DC 20392–5100. Phone, 202–653–1541. tactical information and resources for Space Command The Commander, command, control, and administration of Naval Space Command, provides the Navy and those elements of the operational space systems support to Defense Communications System naval forces worldwide and helps assigned to the Navy. prepare the naval service for extended For further information, contact the Commander, future involvement in space. The Naval Computer and Telecommunications Command has operational responsibility Command, 4401 Massachusetts Avenue NW., for all Navy space-related systems, plus Washington, DC 20390–5290. Phone, 202–282– coordination responsibility with other 0357. operational activities so that the space Cryptology The Commander, Naval capabilities are integrated into the Security Group Command, performs Navy’s operational plans. The Command cryptologic functions; provides, operates, identifies fleet operational requirements and maintains an adequate Naval for space systems, which will be translated into specific program planning Security Group; approves requirements and budgeting. The Command has for the use of existing Naval Security operational responsibility for the Navy Group capabilities and resources; and Navigation Satellite System, the Naval coordinates the execution of approved Space Surveillance System, and elements cryptologic programs. supporting the Fleet Satellite For further information, contact the Commander, Communications System. Naval Security Group Command, 3801 Nebraska The Command has administrative Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20393–5210. Phone, 202–282–0272. responsibility for the Fleet Surveillance Support Command and the Relocatable Intelligence The Director, Office of Over-the-Horizon Radar System, a broad Naval Intelligence, ensures the area surveillance high-frequency radar fulfillment of the intelligence that will have the capability to be 220 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL requirements and responsibilities of the systems and devices for optimal Department of the Navy. education and training; and For further information, contact the Director, —perform such other functions as Office of Naval Intelligence, Department of the directed. Navy, 4600 Silver Hill Road, Washington, DC For further information, contact the Chief of Naval 20389–5000. Phone, 202–763–3552; or 301–763– Education and Training, Naval Air Station, 3557 (hotline). Department of the Navy, Pensacola, FL 32508– Education and Training The mission of 5100. Phone, 904–452–4858. the Chief of Naval Education and Naval Doctrine Command The Training is to: Commander, Naval Doctrine Command, —provide assigned shore-based is the primary authority for the education and training for Navy, certain development of naval concepts and Marine Corps, and other personnel in integrated naval doctrine and is charged support of the Fleet, Naval Shore to: Establishment, Naval Reserve, —serve as coordinating authority for Interservice Training Program, and the development and evaluation of Navy Security Assistance Program; service-specific doctrine; —develop specifically designated —provide a coordinated Navy/Marine education and training afloat programs Corps naval voice in joint and combined for the Fleet; doctrine development; and —ensure that Navy, naval, and joint —execute the Navy’s responsibility for doctrine are addressed in training and voluntary education and dependents education curricula and in operations, education; exercises, and wargames. —participate with research and For further information, contact the Commander, development activities in the Naval Doctrine Command, Suite 200, 8952 First development and implementation of the Street, Norfolk, VA 23511–3790. Phone, 804–445– most effective teaching and training 0555.

United States Marine Corps Commandant of the Marine Corps, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, Washington, DC 20380–0001 Phone, 703–614–2344

The United States Marine Corps was may be essential to the prosecution of a established on November 10, 1775, by naval campaign. resolution of the Continental Congress. —In addition, the Marine Corps Marine Corps composition and functions provides detachments and organizations are detailed in 10 U.S.C. 5063, and its for service on armed vessels of the Navy, functions are performed as follows: provides security detachments for the —The Marine Corps, within the protection of naval property at naval Department of the Navy, is organized to stations and bases, and performs such include not less than three combat other duties as the President may direct. divisions and three aircraft wings, and However, these additional duties may such other land combat, aviation, and not detract from or interfere with the other services as may be organic therein. operations for which the Marine Corps is —The Marine Corps is organized, primarily organized. trained, and equipped to provide Fleet —The Marine Corps develops, in Marine Forces of combined arms, coordination with the Army and the Air together with supporting air components, Force, those phases of amphibious for service with the fleet in the seizure or operations that pertain to the tactics, defense of advanced naval bases and for techniques, and equipment used by the conduct of such land operations as landing forces. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 221

—The Marine Corps is responsible, in element. The size and specific accordance with integrated joint organization of the MAGTF is mobilization plans, for the expansion of determined by the task to be peacetime components of the Marine accomplished—task organization. For Corps to meet the needs of war. instance, Marine Expeditionary Units are Organization The Marine Corps is routinely deployed on amphibious ships composed of Headquarters, U.S. Marine to the Mediterranean Sea, Persian Gulf, Corps; the Operating Forces; and the and Pacific Ocean providing deterrence Supporting Establishment. The Operating to aggressors and reassurance to our Forces consist of Fleet Marine Force allies through their forward presence and Atlantic, Fleet Marine Force Pacific, unique crisis response capabilities. Marine Corps Reserve, Marine Security Larger MAGTF’s can rapidly deploy by Forces, and Marine Detachments Afloat. air, sea, or any combination of means The supporting establishment includes from both coasts of the United States recruiting activities, training installations, and forward bases in the Western Pacific reserve support activities, ground and aviation installations, and logistics bases. to respond to contingencies worldwide. The Marine Corps deploys and Marine Corps Districts employs for combat as Marine Air Dis- Ground Task Forces (MAGTF’s). There trict Address are four types of MAGTF’s: the Marine Expeditionary Force, the Marine 1st 605 Stewart Ave., Garden City, NY 11530±4761 4th Bldg. 54, Suite 3, New Cumberland, PA 17072- Expeditionary Brigade, the Marine 0806 Expeditionary Unit, and the Special 6th Marine Corps Recruit Depot, P.O. Box 19201, Par- ris Island, SC 29905±9201 Purpose MAGTF. Each of these MAGTF’s 8th Bldg. 10, Naval Support Activity, New Orleans, LA has a command element, a ground 70142 combat element, an aviation combat 9th 3805 E. 155th St., Kansas City, MO 64147±1309 element, and a combat service support 12th 3704 Hochmuth Ave., San Diego, CA 92140±5191

United States Naval Academy Annapolis, MD 21402–5018 Phone, 800–638–9156 (Office of the Dean of Admissions—Candidate Guidance)

The United States Naval Academy is the honor, the Academy prepares young undergraduate college of the naval men and women morally, mentally, and service. Through its comprehensive 4- physically to be professional officers in year program, which stresses excellence the Navy and Marine Corps. All in academics, physical education, graduates receive a bachelor of science professional training, conduct, and degree in 1 of 18 majors.

For further information concerning the United States Naval Academy, contact the Superintendent, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402–5018.

Sources of Information

Astronomy The United States Naval data also are made available to other Observatory provides the astronomical Government agencies and to the general data and precise time required by the public. To broaden the understanding of Navy and other components of the the mission, functions, and programs of Department of Defense for navigation, the Naval Observatory, regular night precise positioning, and command, tours and special group day tours are control, and communications. These conducted. The night tours are open to 222 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL the general public and are given every resources management programs of the Monday night, except on Federal Navy and Marine Corps, contact the holidays. Information concerning Assistant Secretary of the Navy activities of the observatory and public (Installations and Environment), tours may be obtained by writing to the Environment and Safety, 1000 Navy Superintendent, Naval Observatory, Pentagon, Room 4A686, Washington, Washington, DC 20392–5100. Phone, DC, 20350–1000. Phone, 703–614– 202–762–1538. 1304. Civilian Employment Information about General Inquiries Navy and Marine civilian employment opportunities within Corps recruiting offices, installation the Department of the Navy in the commanders, and Commanding Officers Washington, DC, metropolitan area can of Marine Corps Districts (see listing in be obtained from the Office of Civilian the preceding text) can answer general Personnel Management, Northeast inquiries concerning the Navy and Region, Washington Detachment, 801 Marine Corps and their community and North Randolph Street, Arlington, VA public information programs. 22203–1927 (phone, 703–696–4567); or Also, the Chief of Information makes the Commandant of the Marine Corps accurate and timely information about (ARCA), Headquarters, U.S. Marine the Navy available so that the general Corps, Washington, DC 20380 (phone, public, the press, and Congress may 703–697–7474). understand and assess the Navy’s Consumer Activities Research programs, operations, and needs; programs of the Office of the Chief of coordinates Navy participation in Naval Research cover a broad spectrum community events; and supervises the of scientific fields, primarily for the Navy’s internal information programs. needs of the Navy, but much Phone, 703–697–5342. information is of interest to the public. Speakers and Films Information can be Inquiries on specific research programs obtained on the following: speakers should be directed to the Office of Naval (phone, 703–697–8711); films (phone, Research, ONR (Code 10), 800 North 703–697–5342); and the Naval Quincy Street, Arlington, VA 22217– Recruiting Exhibit Center (phone, 904– 5660. Phone, 703–696–5031. Inquiries 452–5348). For information concerning on specific technology programs should the Navy, contact the Office of be directed to the Director, Office of Information, Department of the Navy, Naval Technology, ONT (Code 20), 800 Washington, DC 20350. Phone, 202– North Quincy Street, Arlington, VA 695–0965. For information on Marine 22217–5000. Phone, 202–696–5115. Corps speakers, contact the Director of Contracts and Small Business Activities Public Affairs, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Information in these areas can be Corps, Washington, DC 20380–0001; or obtained from the Assistant Secretary of contact the Director of any Marine Corps the Navy (Research, Engineering, and District (see listing in the preceding text). Systems), Department of the Navy, 2211 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA Military Career and Training 22244–5120 (phone, 703–602–2700). Opportunities Information pertaining specifically to the Marine Corps The Marine Corps Marine Corps in the areas of small conducts enlisted and officer training businesses, minority-owned businesses, programs requiring various lengths of and labor surplus activities can be service and provides the assurance of obtained from the Marine Corps Small specialized skill training and other Business Specialist (LS), Installations and benefits. Logistics Department, Headquarters, U.S. The Marine Corps provides Marine Corps, Washington, DC 20380. opportunities for training in a variety of Phone, 703–696–1022. technical skills that are necessary in Environment For information on support of ground and aviation combat environmental protection and natural operations. Radar operation and repair, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 223 meteorology, engineer equipment and must be college graduates or in their automotive mechanics, artillery and senior year. armor repair, data processing, Information on the above programs is communications-electronics, jet aircraft available at most civilian educational repair, avionics, and air control are but institutions and Navy and Marine Corps a few specialized fields available. recruiting stations. Local telephone The Marine Corps participates in the directories list the address and telephone Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps number of the Recruiting Station and Program for commissioning officers in Officer Selection Officer under U.S. the Marine Corps. Government. Interested persons also may write directly to the Commandant of the Platoon Leaders Class is a Marine Marine Corps (M&RA), Washington, DC Corps program for commissioning 20380–0001. Phone, 703–614–2914. officers in the Marine Corps Reserve. Information concerning Marine Corps Freshmen, sophomores, or juniors in an Reserve opportunities can be obtained accredited college may apply. The from local Marine Corps recruiting Program provides financial assistance to stations or Marine Corps Reserve Drill undergraduates. Centers. Interested persons may also The Officer Candidate Class is another write directly to the Commandant of the program for commissioning officers in Marine Corps (M&RA, RA), Washington, the Marine Corps Reserve. Applicants DC 20380–0001.

For further information concerning the Navy and Marine Corps, contact the Office of Information, Department of the Navy, Washington, DC 20350 (phone, 703–697–7391); or the Legislative Assistant to the Commandant and Director of Public Affairs, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, Washington, DC 20380 (phone, 703–614–1492). DEFENSE AGENCIES

Ballistic Missile Defense Organization The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301–7100 Phone, 703–697–4040

Director LT. GEN. LESTER LYLES, USAF Deputy Director REAR ADM. RICHARD WEST, USN Chief of Staff COL. WILLIAM SMITH, USAF [For the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 32, Part 388]

The Ballistic Missile Defense Defense acquisition programs, which Organization (formerly the Strategic include theater missile defense, and to Defense Initiative Organization) was develop a national missile defense established as a separate agency of the program for the United States. The Department of Defense and is agency also is responsible for the Presidentially chartered and mandated continuing research and development of by Congress to develop ballistic and follow-on technologies that are relevant cruise missile defense systems that are for long-term ballistic missile defense. capable of providing highly effective defense of the United States and a These programs will build a technical flexible, interoperable family of theater foundation for evolutionary growth in missile defense systems that may be future ballistic missile defenses. In forward deployed to protect elements of developing these programs, the agency the U.S. Armed Forces and allies of the utilizes the services of the Military United States. Departments, the Department of Energy, The agency’s mission is to manage private industries, and educational and and direct DOD’s Ballistic Missile research institutions.

For further information, contact Management Operations, Ballistic Missile Defense Organization, Washington, DC 20301–7100. Phone, 703–693–1532.

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 3701 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203–1714 Phone, 703–696–2444

Director LARRY LYNN Deputy Director H. LEE BUCHANAN III Deputy Director for Management RON H. REGISTER

224 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 225

The Defense Advanced Research In this regard, the Agency arranges, Projects Agency is a separately manages, and directs the performance of organized agency within the Department work connected with assigned advanced of Defense under a Director appointed projects by the Military Departments, by the Secretary of Defense. The other government agencies, individuals, Agency, under the authority, direction, private business entities, and educational and control of the Director of Defense or research institutions, as appropriate; Research and Engineering (DDR&E), recommends through the DDR&E to the engages in advanced basic and applied Secretary of Defense assignment of research and development projects advanced projects to the Agency; keeps essential to the Department of Defense, and conducts prototype projects that the DDR&E, the Chairman of the Joint embody technology that may be Chiefs of Staff, the Military Departments, incorporated into joint programs, and other Department of Defense programs in support of deployed U.S. agencies informed on significant new forces, selected Military Department developments and technological programs, or dual-use programs and, on advances within assigned projects; and request, assists the Military Departments performs other such functions as the in their research and development Secretary of Defense or the DDR&E may efforts. assign.

For further information, contact the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, 3701 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203–1714. Phone, 703–696–2444 or 703–526–4170.

Defense Commissary Agency 1300 ‘‘E’’ Avenue, Fort Lee, VA 23801–1800 Phone, 804–734–8721

Director MAJ. GEN. RICHARD E. BEALE, JR., USA (RET.) Chief Executive Officer CHARLES M. WIKER

The Defense Commissary Agency was Headquarters, Defense Commissary established by direction of the Secretary Agency, Attn: Personnel Management of Defense on November 9, 1990, and Support Office, 1300 ‘‘E’’ Avenue, Fort operates under DOD Directive 5105.55. Lee, VA 23801–1800. Phone, 804–734– The Agency is responsible for 8684. providing an efficient and effective Procurement and Small Business worldwide system of commissaries for Activities For information, contact the reselling groceries and household Director, Small and Disadvantaged supplies at low, practical prices Business Utilization, Headquarters, (consistent with quality) to members of the Military Services, their families, and Defense Commissary Agency, 1300 ‘‘E’’ other authorized patrons, while Avenue, Fort Lee, VA 23801–1800. maintaining high standards of quality, Phone, 804–734–8329. facilities, products, and service. Publication How To Do Business with DeCA is available free of charge from Sources of Information the Director, Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, at the address Employment General employment above. inquiries should be addressed to 226 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For further information, contact the Chief, Safety, Security, and Administration, 1300 ‘‘E’’ Avenue, Fort Lee, VA 23801–1800. Phone, 804–734–8808.

Defense Contract Audit Agency Suite 2135, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060–6219 Phone, 703–767–3200

Director WILLIAM H. REED Deputy Director MICHAEL J. THIBAULT

The Defense Contract Audit Agency was They include evaluating the acceptability established in 1965 and operates under of costs claimed or proposed by Department of Defense Directive contractors and reviewing the efficiency 5105.36. and economy of contractor operations. The Agency performs all necessary Other Government agencies may request contract audit functions for the the Agency’s services under appropriate Department of Defense and provides arrangements. accounting and financial advisory The Agency manages its operations services to all Defense components through 5 regional offices responsible for responsible for procurement and contract approximately 108 field audit offices administration. These services are throughout the United States and provided in connection with the overseas. Each region is responsible for negotiation, administration, and the contract auditing function in its settlement of contracts and subcontracts. assigned area. Regional OfficesÐDefense Contract Audit Agency

Region Address Director Telephone

CENTRAL ...... Suite 300, 106 Decker Ct., Irving, TX 75062±2795 ...... C.T. Cherry ...... 214±650±4859 EASTERN ...... Suite 300, 2400 Lake Park Dr., Smyrna, GA 30080±7644 .. Richard R. Buhre ...... 770±319±4514 MID±ATLANTIC ... Suite 1000, 615 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19106± William H. Kraft ...... 215±597±5837 4498. NORTHEASTERN 83 Hartwell Ave., Lexington, MA 02173±3163 ...... Francis Summers, Jr. .. 617±377±9715 WESTERN ...... Suite 300, 16700 Valley View Ave., La Mirada, CA 90638± Robert W. Matter ...... 714±228±7001 5830.

For further information, contact the Executive Officer, Defense Contract Audit Agency, Suite 2135, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060–6219. Phone, 703–767–3265. Information regarding employment may be obtained from the regional offices.

Defense Finance and Accounting Service Room 425, Crystal Mall 3, Arlington, VA 22240–5291 Phone, 703–607–2616

Director RICHARD F. KEEVEY Principal Deputy Director GARY W. AMLIN

The Defense Finance and Accounting the Secretary of Defense on November Service was established by direction of DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 227

26, 1990, and operates under DOD accordance with the Chief Financial Directive 5118.5. Officers Act of 1990. The Service is also The Service is responsible for making responsible for the consolidation, all payments, including payroll and standardization, upgrading, and contracts, and for maintaining all finance integration of finance and accounting and accounting records for the requirements, functions, processes, Department of Defense. The Service is responsible for preparing annual operations, and systems in the financial statements for DOD in Department.

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, Room 416, Crystal Mall 3, Arlington, VA 22240– 5291. Phone, 703–607–2821.

Defense Information Systems Agency 701 South Courthouse Road, Arlington, VA 22204–2199 Phone, 703–607–6900

Director LT. GEN. ALBERT J. EDMONDS, USAF Vice Director MAJ. GEN. DAVID J. KELLEY, USA Chief of Staff COL. A. FRANK WHITEHEAD, USA

The Defense Information Systems Infrastructure (DII) and is responsible for Agency (DISA), originally established as the DOD telecommunications and the Defense Communications Agency, is information processing facilities. It a combat support agency of the provides guidance and support on Department of Defense. technical and operational C3 and The Agency is organized into a information systems issues affecting the headquarters and field activities acting Office of the Secretary of Defense, the for the Director in assigned areas of Military Departments, the Chairman of responsibility. The field organizations the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the combatant include the White House commands, and the defense agencies. It Communications Agency, Joint Interoperability and Engineering ensures the interoperability of DII, Organization, DISA Western theater and tactical command and Hemisphere, Joint Interoperability Test control systems, North Atlantic Treaty 3 Command, and Defense Information Organization and/or allied C systems, Technology Contracting Organization. and those national and/or international The Agency is responsible for commercial systems that affect the DISA planning, developing, and supporting mission. It supports national security command, control, communications, and emergency preparedness information systems that serve the needs telecommunications functions of the of the National Command Authorities National Communications System (NCS), under all conditions of peace and war. It as prescribed by Executive Order 12472 manages the Defense Information of April 3, 1984.

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, Defense Information Systems Agency, 701 South Courthouse Road, Arlington, VA 22204–2199. Phone, 703–607–6900. 228 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Defense Intelligence Agency The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20340–7400 Phone, 703–695–0071

Director LT. GEN. PATRICK M. HUGHES, USA Deputy Director JEREMY C. CLARK Chief of Staff JOHN T. BERBRICH

The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) intelligence collection requirements; was established by DOD Directive operates the Central Measurement and 5105.21, effective October 1, 1961, Signals Intelligence (MASINT) Office; under provisions of the National Security manages the Defense Human Act of 1947, as amended (50 U.S.C. 401 Intelligence (HUMINT) Service and the et seq.). Defense Attache System; and provides The Defense Intelligence Agency is a foreign intelligence and combat support agency committed to the counterintelligence support to the provision of timely, objective, and Secretary of Defense and the Chairman cogent military intelligence to the of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. warfighters—soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines—and to the decisionmakers The Director of DIA coordinates the and policymakers of DOD and the Defense General Intelligence and Federal Government. To accomplish its Applications Program, an element of the assigned mission, DIA produces military DOD Joint Military Intelligence Program, intelligence for national foreign and manages the General Defense intelligence and counterintelligence Intelligence Program within the National products; coordinates all DOD Foreign Intelligence Program.

For further information, contact the Public Liaison Office, Defense Intelligence Agency, Washington, DC 20340. Phone, 703–695–0071. Internet, http://www.dia.mil/.

Defense Investigative Service 1340 Braddock Place, Alexandria, VA 22314–1651 Phone, 703–325–9471

Director MARGARET R. MUNSON

The Defense Investigative Service was Brussels, Belgium, and Mannheim, established by the Secretary of Defense, Germany. effective January 1, 1972. The Service is The Service conducts all personnel chartered by Department of Defense security investigations for Department Directive 5105.42. components and, when authorized, also The Service consists of a conducts investigations for other U.S. Headquarters, three Operations Centers, Government activities. These include and five regional offices with investigation of allegations of subversive subordinate field offices and resident affiliations, adverse suitability agencies located in the 50 States and information, or any other situation that Puerto Rico; and the Office of Industrial requires resolution to complete the Security International—Europe, in personnel security investigation. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 229

The Service is responsible for the three security clearance information pertaining major programs involving industrial to Department of Defense personnel. security: the Defense portion of the National Industrial Security Program; the Regional OfficesÐDefense Investigative Service Key Assets Protection Program; and the Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives City Director Security Program. Alexandria, VA 22331±1000 Raphael G. Syah, Acting The Service also manages the Defense Cherry Hill, NJ 08034±1908 Joseph T. Cashin, Acting Irving, TX 75062 James S. Rogner Clearance and Investigations Index, a Long Beach, CA 90807±4013 William H. Williams centralized listing of all Defense Smyrna, GA 30080±7606 Patricia F. Dodson, Act- components investigative files, and ing

For further information, contact the Office of Congressional and Public Affairs, Defense Investigative Service, 1340 Braddock Place, Alexandria, VA 22314–1651. Phone, 703–325–9471.

Defense Legal Services Agency The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301–1600 Phone, 703–695–3341

Director (General Counsel, Department of JUDITH A. MILLER Defense) Principal Deputy Director (Principal Deputy F. WHITTEN PETERS General Counsel)

The Defense Legal Services Agency was of the Department’s Legislative program; established by Department of Defense coordinates positions on legislation and Directive 5145.4, dated August 12, Presidential Executive orders; provides a 1981. The Agency is under the authority, centralized legislative and congressional direction, and control of the General document reference and distribution Counsel of the Department of Defense, point for the Department; and maintains who also serves as its Director. The Agency provides legal advice and the Department’s historical legislative services for the Office of the Secretary of files. The Agency administers the Defense, its field activities, and the Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals Defense agencies. It provides technical program and the Standards of Conduct support and assistance for development program.

For further information, contact the Administrative Officer, Defense Legal Services Agency, The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301–1600. Phone, 703–697–8343.

Defense Logistics Agency Suite 2533, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060–6221 Phone, 703–767–6666

Director LT. GEN. G.T. BABBITT, USAF Principal Deputy Director MAJ. GEN. R.E. MCCOY, USA 230 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) was military services, DLA, the National established by the Secretary of Defense Aeronautics and Space Administration, and operates under Department of other Federal agencies, and foreign Defense Directive 5105.22. It provides governments. Its Defense Contract supplies to the military services and Management Command (DCMC) is supports their acquisition of weapons responsible for ensuring that procured and other materiel. Support begins with materiel is of satisfactory quality and is joint planning with the services for parts delivered when and where needed. for new weapon systems, extends Services of the Defense Contract through production, and concludes with Management Command—highlighting the disposal of material which is pricing and negotiations, property, obsolete, worn out, or no longer needed. overhead management, quality The Agency provides supply support, assurance, manufacturing, engineering, contract administration services, and law, safety, small business assistance, technical and logistics services to all and contractor employment branches of the military and to a number compliance—are performed at or near of Federal agencies. contractor plants through a complex of Supply Management The Agency buys offices which vary in size, depending on and manages a vast number and variety workload and the concentration of of items used by all of the military Government contractors in the area. services and some civilian agencies. The Other Logistics Support Services The military services determine their Defense Logistics Services Center requirements for supplies and materiel manages the Federal Supply Catalog and establish their priorities. Agency System, which lists a National Stock supply centers consolidate the services’ Number and description of over 6 requirements and procure the supplies in million items. This catalog system is sufficient quantities to meet the services’ used throughout the Federal projected needs, critical to maintaining Government. The Center also maintains the readiness of our forces. The Agency a data bank of information used to manages supplies in eight commodity design, purchase, transport, store, areas: fuel, food, clothing, construction transfer, and dispose of Government material, electronic supplies, general supplies. supplies, industrial supplies, and medical The Defense National Stockpile of supplies. strategic and critical materials is Distribution The two defense maintained to reduce the Nation’s distribution regions—East and West— dependence upon foreign sources of operate the supply distribution system, supply for such materials in times of which encompasses materiel distribution national emergency. The Defense and related functions. Distribution is National Stockpile Center is authorized defined as all actions involving the to procure and dispose of materials as receipt of new procurement, needed. redistributions, and field returns; storage The Defense Reutilization and of materiel, including care of materiel Marketing Service provides for the and supplies in storage; the issue of redistribution and disposal of DOD materiel; consolidation and equipment and supplies no longer containerization of materiel; needed by the original user. Assets are preservation, packaging, packing, and matched against requirements of the marking; physical inventory; quality military services and Federal agencies control; traffic management; other and transferred as needed. When transportation services; unit materiel equipment becomes surplus, it is offered fielding and set assembly/disassembly; to the General Services Administration and transshipment and minor repair. and State agencies, after which it is sold Contract Administration The Agency to the public. The Service is a worldwide manages contracts awarded by the organization with offices on most military installations. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 231

Primary Level Field ActivitiesÐDefense Logistics Agency

Activity Commander

DEFENSE SUPPLY CENTERS: Defense Supply Center, Columbus ...... Brig. Gen. P.L. Bielowicz, USAF Defense Supply Center, Richmond ...... Capt. M.E. Finley, SC, USN Defense Industrial Supply Center ...... Brig. Gen. G.B. Higginbotham, USMC Defense Personnel Support Center ...... Brig. Gen. H.L. Proctor, USA DEFENSE SERVICE CENTERS: Defense Logistics Services Center ...... Col. R.B. Haglund, USMC Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service ...... Col. R.E. Mansfield, USAF Defense National Stockpile Center ...... R.J. Connelly DEFENSE DISTRIBUTION REGIONS: Defense Distribution Region East ...... Brig. Gen. K.L. Privratsky, USA Defense Distribution Region West ...... Capt. M.W. Casey, SC, USN DEFENSE CONTRACT MANAGEMENT DISTRICTS: East ...... Col. W.A. MacKinlay, USA West ...... Col. L.S. Johnson, USAF International ...... Capt. D.L. Wright, SC, USN

Sources of Information should direct inquiries to Defense DOD Surplus Sales Program Questions Logistics Agency, Attn: CAHS, Suite concerning this program or placement 2533, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Fort on the Department of Defense bidders Belvoir, VA 22060–6221. list should be addressed to DOD Surplus Environment For information Sales, International Sales Office, 74 concerning the Agency’s program, Washington Avenue North, Battle Creek, contact the Defense Logistics Agency, MI 49017–3092. Phone, 800–468–8289. Attn: CAAE, Suite 2533, 8725 John J. Employment For the Washington, DC, Kingman Road, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060– metropolitan area, inquiries and 6221. Phone, 703–767–6303. applications should be addressed to Procurement and Small Business Defense Logistics Agency, Attn: DASC– Activities For information, contact the KC, Suite 2533, 8725 John J. Kingman Director, Small and Disadvantaged Road, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060–6221. Business Utilization, Defense Logistics Phone, 703–767–7100. For other areas, Agency, Attn: DDAS, Suite 2533, 8725 contact the local DLA field activity. John J. Kingman Road, Fort Belvoir, VA Schools interested in participating in 22060–6221. Phone, 703–767–1650. the Agency’s job recruitment program

For further information, contact the Defense Logistics Agency, Suite 2533, 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060–6221. Phone, 703–767–6666.

Defense Security Assistance Agency The Pentagon, Washington, DC 22202 Phone, 703–604–6513

Director LT. GEN. THOMAS G. RHAME, USA Deputy Director H. DIEHL MCKALIP

The Defense Security Assistance Agency The Agency directs, administers, and was established on September 1, 1971, supervises the execution of approved by DOD Directive 5105.38, dated security assistance plans and programs, August 11, 1971. such as military assistance, international military education and training, and 232 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL foreign military sales. In so doing, it works closely with the U.S. Security Assistance offices worldwide.

For further information, contact the Defense Security Assistance Agency, The Pentagon, Washington, DC 22202. Phone, 703–604–6513.

Defense Special Weapons Agency Alexandria, VA 22310–3398 Phone, 703–325–7095

Director MAJ. GEN. GARY L. CURTIN, USAF Deputy Director GEORGE W. ULLRICH Chief of Staff COL. MICHAEL R. CALLAWAY, USAF

The Defense Special Weapons Agency Through the use of simulators, (DSWA) is the oldest defense agency, computer models, and non-nuclear field having evolved from the Manhattan tests, the Agency supports the military Project of World War II. Known services and combatant commanders by variously over the years as the Armed verifying that essential military systems Forces Special Weapons Project, the can operate in hostile nuclear Defense Atomic Support Agency, and environments. It also supports the the Defense Nuclear Agency, DSWA is targeting community through the currently chartered under DOD development of automated analysis and Directive 5105.31. The Agency is planning tools to ensure the effective designated to be the DOD center of employment of both nuclear and expertise for nuclear and special conventional weapons across the weapons effects, and operates under the spectrum of potential targets. One area authority, direction, and control of the of specific interest has been the Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for effectiveness of conventional weapons Nuclear and Chemical and Biological against hardened and deeply buried Defense Programs (ATSD(NCB)). targets and facilities that may be used to produce or store weapons of mass The Agency supports the ATSD(NCB) destruction. in all nuclear weapons stockpile For the Secretary of Defense, the stewardship matters, including the Agency conducts the Cooperative Threat annual nuclear weapons stockpile Reduction Program, which provides certification and the nuclear weapons support to the states of the former Soviet dual revalidation program with the Union as they comply with a variety of Department of Energy. As part of its recent arms control treaties. The Agency stockpile stewardship mission, DSWA also carries out the arms control treaty tracks the location and status of all U.S. verification technology and nuclear weapons. Agency personnel also counterproliferation technology programs conduct weapons effects research, for the Department of Defense. For the training, and operational unit inspections Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, to ensure the safety, security, and DSWA provides field support in the form reliability of the nuclear weapons of vulnerability assessments for the force stockpile. Furthermore, DSWA provides protection program. Other unique planning assistance to combatant responsibilities include operating the commanders and support in case of a Defense Nuclear Weapons School, nuclear weapons accident or incident. supporting the Nuclear Test Personnel DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 233

Review and the Radiation Telegraph Road, Alexandria, VA 22310– Experimentation Center, and providing 2298. Phone, 703–325–7593. base support at Johnston Atoll, one of Field Command—Attn: FCRIC, 1680 the U.S. Army’s chemical weapons Texas Street SE., Kirtland Air Force Base, storage and destruction sites. NM 87117–5669. Phone, 505–846– 8671. Sources of Information Procurement and Small Business Employment Inquiries should be Activities Contact the Defense Special directed as follows: Weapons Agency, Attn: AM, 6801 Headquarters—Defense Special Telegraph Road, Alexandria, VA 22310– Weapons Agency, Attn: MPCH, 6801 3398. Phone, 703–325–5021.

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, Defense Special Weapons Agency, 6801 Telegraph Road, Alexandria, VA 22310–3398. Phone, 703–325–7095.

National Imagery and Mapping Agency 8613 Lee Highway, Fairfax, VA 22031–2139 Phone, 703–275–8409

Director REAR ADM. J.J. DANTONE, JR., USN Deputy Director, Operations LEO HAZLEWOOD Deputy Director, Systems and Technology WILLIAM M. MULARIE Deputy Director, Corporate Affairs W. DOUGLAS SMITH Chief of Staff CAPT. L.W. URBIK, USN

The National Imagery and Mapping combat support agency and as an Agency (NIMA) was established as a element of the intelligence community. separate agency of the Department of The Agency is responsible for Defense on October 1, 1996, by DOD providing timely, relevant, and accurate Directive 5105.60 pursuant to the imagery, imagery intelligence, and National Imagery and Mapping Agency geospatial information in support of the Act of 1996 (10 U.S.C. 441 et seq.). The national security objectives of the United successor agency of both the Defense States. Its creation represents a Mapping Agency and the Central fundamental step toward achieving the Imagery Office, NIMA also incorporates Department of Defense vision of imagery exploitation and dissemination dominant battlespace awareness. By functions transferred from other DOD offices and from the Central Intelligence exploiting the tremendous potential of Agency. It serves under the authority, enhanced collection systems, digital direction, and control of the Secretary of processing technology, and the Defense, with the advice of the prospective expansion in commercial Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and imagery, NIMA works to guarantee in accordance with policies and customers the information edge. priorities established by the Director of Headquartered in Fairfax, VA, NIMA Central Intelligence. The Assistant operates major facilities in northern Secretary of Defense for Command, Virginia, Washington, DC, Bethesda, Control, Communications, and MD, and St. Louis, MO, as well as Intelligence exercises overall supervision support and liaison offices worldwide. over NIMA, which is designated as a 234 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For further information, contact the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, 8613 Lee Highway, Fairfax, VA 22031–2139. Phone, 800–455–0899 (Customer Help Line), or 703–275–8409 (Congressional and Public Liaison Office). Internet, http://www.nima.mil/.

National Security Agency/Central Security Service Fort George G. Meade, MD 20755–6000 Phone, 301–688–6524

Director LT. GEN. KENNETH A. MINIHAN, USAF Deputy Director WILLIAM P. CROWELL

The National Security Agency was codemakers and codebreakers. It ensures established by Presidential directive in an informed, alert, and secure 1952 as a separately organized agency environment for U.S. warfighters and within the Department of Defense. In American policymakers. The cryptologic this directive, the President designated resources of NSA/CSS, foreign signals the Secretary of Defense as Executive intelligence (SIGINT) and information Agent for the signals intelligence and systems security (INFOSEC), unite to communications security activities of the provide U.S. policymakers with Government. In 1972, the Central intelligence information derived from Security Service was established, also in America’s adversaries while protecting accordance with a Presidential U.S. signals and information systems memorandum, to provide a more unified from exploitation by those same cryptologic organization within the adversaries. Department of Defense, with control over the signals intelligence activities of Executive Order 12333 of December the military services. 4, 1981, describes in more detail the As the U.S. cryptologic organization, responsibilities of the National Security NSA/CSS employs the Nation’s premier Agency.

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, National Security Agency/Central Security Service, Fort Meade, MD 20755–6000. Phone, 301–688–6524. Internet, http://www.nsa.gov:8080/.

On-Site Inspection Agency Washington, DC 20041–0498 Phone, 703–810–4326

Director BRIG. GEN. THOMAS E. KUENNING, JR., USAF Principal Deputy Director JOERG H. MENZEL

The On-Site Inspection Agency was of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear established as a separate Department of Forces (INF) Treaty. The Agency’s Defense agency on January 26, 1988, to mission has since expanded to include implement the 13-year inspection regime implementation of on-site inspection and DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 235 escort requirements of the Threshold Test Commission on Iraq and to the State Ban Treaty (TTBT); implementation of Department for Operation Provide Hope. like requirements of the Conventional The Agency is manned by military Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty and personnel from all of the armed services, the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START); implementation of the as well as civilian technical experts and inspection regime of the Vienna support personnel. It maintains liaison Document of 1994; and planning for the with various Government agencies Peaceful Nuclear Explosion Treaty interested in arms control and draws its (PNET) and Chemical Weapons (CW) three civilian deputy directors from the agreements. The Agency also serves as U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament the Defense Department’s executive Agency, State Department, and Federal agent to the United Nations Special Bureau of Investigation.

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, On-Site Inspection Agency, Washington, DC 20041–0498. Phone, 703–810–4326. JOINT SERVICE SCHOOLS

Defense Acquisition University 2001 North Beauregard Street, Alexandria, VA 22311–1772 Phone, 703–845–6772

President THOMAS M. CREAN

The Defense Acquisition University education and training activities of 13 (DAU), established pursuant to the Army, Navy, Air Force, and DOD Defense Acquisition Workforce component schools. Improvement Act of 1990 (10 U.S.C. 1701 note), serves as the DOD center The University’s mission is to educate for acquisition education, training, and train military and civilian research, and publication. The University professionals for effective service in is structured as an educational defense acquisition, to centrally manage consortium, with centralized planning resources for course development and management of the acquisition delivery, research, and publications.

For further information, contact the Director for University Operations, Defense Acquisition University, 2001 North Beauregard Street, Alexandria, VA 22311–1772. Phone, 703–845–6763.

Defense Systems Management College Fort Belvoir, VA 22060–5565 Phone, 703–805–3363; 800–845–7606 (toll free)

Commandant BRIG. GEN. RICHARD A. BLACK, USA Provost BRIG GEN. EDWARD HIRSCH, USA (RET.)

The Defense Systems Management education, research, consulting, and College (DSMC), established July 1, information dissemination. 1971, is a joint service educational In addition to a 14-week Advanced institution, and is the largest school in Program Management Course, DSMC’s the Defense Acquisition University. The academic program consists of 29 other mission of the College is to promote and courses of 3 days to 4 weeks in duration, support the adoption and practice of all with the purpose of educating DOD sound systems management principles acquisition professionals, military and by the acquisition workforce through civilian, in a broad spectrum of management activities through formal 236 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 237 studies, simulation exercises, and case basis. In addition to the main campus studies. Many of these courses are located at Fort Belvoir, VA, courses are mandatory for certification in various taught at the four regions of Boston, MA; career fields within Service acquisition Huntsville, AL; St. Louis, MO; and Los corps. Individuals from Defense industry Angeles, CA; and at selected on-site and other Federal agencies may attend locations on an as-requested basis. DSMC courses on a space-available

For further information, contact the Office of the Registrar, Defense Systems Management College, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060. Phone, 703–805–2227.

Joint Military Intelligence College Defense Intelligence Analysis Center, Washington, DC 20340–5100 Phone, 202–231–3299

President A. DENIS CLIFT Deputy to the President COL. LEWIS S. WALLACE, JR., USAF Provost RONALD D. GARST

The Joint Military Intelligence College Graduate Intelligence Program (PGIP) (previously the Defense Intelligence and Undergraduate Intelligence Program College) was established by a (UGIP). Qualified students may enroll for Department of Defense directive in full- or part-time study at the main 1962. It is a joint service educational campus located at the Defense institution serving the entire intelligence Intelligence Analysis Center, Bolling Air community and operates under the Force Base. Part-time study is also authority of the Director, Defense available at the National Security Intelligence Agency. Its mission is to Agency and the National Air Intelligence educate military and civilian intelligence Center. Two weekend programs are professionals and conduct and available as well; one is specifically for disseminate relevant intelligence military reservists and is taught by research. The College is authorized by Congress reserve faculty. to award the Master of Science of The College is accredited by the Strategic Intelligence (MSSI) degree and Middle States Association of Colleges also offers two diploma programs: Post and Schools.

For further information, contact the Admissions Office, MCA–2, Joint Military Intelligence College, Defense Intelligence Analysis Center, Washington, DC 20340–5100. Phone, 202–231–3299.

National Defense University Building 62, 300 Fifth Avenue, Fort McNair, Washington, DC 20319–5066 Phone, 202–685–3922

President LT. GEN. ERVIN J. ROKKE, USAF Vice President WILLIAM G. WALKER Chief of Staff COL. EUGENE J. DAVIS, USA 238 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The National Defense University was mid-career officers, was incorporated established by the Department of into the National Defense University. Defense on January 16, 1976, thereby The Institute for National Strategic merging the Industrial College of the Studies was created in 1984 as an Armed Forces and the National War interdisciplinary research institute staffed College to form a university. Because the by senior civilian and military analysts two senior service colleges are located at from all four military services. In 1990, the Information Resources Management Fort McNair, Washington, DC, their College was established to provide close affiliation reduces administrative graduate-level courses in information costs, provides for the sharing of faculty resources management. expertise and educational resources, and The mission of the National Defense promotes a constructive dialog, which University is to ensure excellence in benefits both colleges. On August 16, joint professional military education and 1981, the Armed Forces Staff College in research in the essential elements of Norfolk, VA, an institution educating national security.

For further information, contact the Administrative Office, National Defense University, Building 62, 300 Fifth Avenue, Fort McNair, Washington, DC 20319–5066. Phone, 202–685–3958.

The National War College Building 61, 300 D Street, Fort McNair, Washington, DC 20319–5078 Phone, 202–685–4312. Fax, 202–685–6461

Commandant REAR ADM. MICHAEL A. MCDEVITT, USN Dean of Students/Executive Officer CAPT. CHARLES A. MILEFICH, USN Dean of Faculty and Academic Programs COL. DAVID A. TRETLER, USAF

The National War College provides formulation and the planning and education in national security policy to implementation of national strategy. selected military officers and career civil Its 10-month academic program is an service employees of Federal issue-centered study in U.S. national departments and agencies concerned security. The elective program is with national security. It is the only designed to permit each student to tailor senior service college with the primary his academic experience to meet mission of offering a course of study that individual professional development emphasizes national security policy needs.

For further information, contact the Department of Administration, The National War College, Building 61, 300 D Street, Fort McNair, Washington, DC 20319–5078. Phone, 202–685–4312. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 239 Industrial College of the Armed Forces Building 59, 408 Fourth Avenue, Fort McNair, Washington, DC 20319–5062 Phone, 202–685–4337

Commandant MAJ. GEN. JOHN S. COWINGS, USA

The Industrial College of the Armed leadership positions by conducting Forces is the Nation’s leading postgraduate executive-level courses of educational institution for the study of study and associated research. Its 10- the resources component of national month academic program is organized power and its integration into national into two semesters: focusing on national security strategy. The College prepares security strategy and management of selected military and civilians for senior natural resources, respectively.

For further information, contact the Director of Administration, Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Building 59, 408 Fourth Avenue, Fort McNair, Washington, DC 20319–5062. Phone, 202–685–4333.

Armed Forces Staff College Norfolk, VA 23511–1702 Phone, 757–444–5302

Commandant BRIG. GEN. WILLIAM R. LOONEY III, USAF

The Armed Forces Staff College (AFSC), combined operational planning and a major component of the National warfare to instill a primary commitment Defense University, is an intermediate- of joint teamwork, attitudes, and and senior-level joint college in the perspectives. The College accomplishes professional military education system this mission through three schools: the dedicated to the study of the principles, Joint and Combined Warfighting School perspectives, and techniques of joint and (JCWS), the Joint and Combined Staff combined operational planning and warfare. Officer School (JCSOS), and the Joint The mission of AFSC is to educate staff Command, Control, and Electronic officers and other leaders in joint and Warfare School (JCEWS).

For further information, contact the Department of Academic Affairs, Armed Forces Staff College, 7800 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23511–1702. Phone, 757–444–5074. Fax, 757–444–5422. 240 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Information Resources Management College Building 62, 300 Fifth Avenue, Fort McNair, Washington, DC 20319–5066 Phone, 202–685–3892

Dean JEROME F. SMITH, JR.

The Information Resources Management Defense IRM leadership, but contribute College (IRMC) was established on to the growth and excellence of the field March 1, 1990, as a full college of the itself. The premier offering of the college National Defense University. It provides is the 14-week Advanced Management graduate-level courses in information Program (AMP), which is supplemented resources management. The College by a number of advanced studies prepares senior DOD officials for joint courses available to students in all management of the information colleges of the National Defense resources component of national power and its integration with, and support to, University. Additionally, the College national strategy. offers a series of intensive courses The College’s curriculum is designed related to specific problematic areas and to provide a forum where senior Defense emerging concepts of IRM, and special professionals—interacting with the symposia, seminars, and workshops faculty—not only gain knowledge, focusing on critical IRM issues and qualifications, and competencies for directions.

For further information, contact the Registrar, Information Resources Management College, Building 62, 300 Fifth Avenue, Fort McNair, Washington, DC 20319–5066. Phone, 202–685–3892.

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814–4799 Phone, 301–295–3030

President JAMES A. ZIMBLE, M.D. Dean, School of Medicine VAL G. HEMMING, M.D. Dean, Graduate School of Nursing FAYE G. ABDELLAH

Authorized by act of September 21, Students are selected by procedures 1972 (10 U.S.C. 2112), the Uniformed recommended by the Board of Regents Services University of the Health and prescribed by the Secretary of Sciences was established to educate Defense. The actual selection is carried career-oriented medical officers for the out by a faculty committee on Military Departments and the Public admissions and is based upon motivation Health Service. and dedication to a career in the The University currently incorporates uniformed services and an overall the F. Edward Hebert School of appraisal of the personal and intellectual Medicine (including graduate and characteristics of the candidates without continuing education programs) and the regard to sex, race, religion, or national Graduate School of Nursing. It is located origin. Applicants must be U.S. citizens. on the National Naval Medical Center Medical school matriculants will be (NNMC) reservation in Bethesda, MD. commissioned officers in one of the DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 241 uniformed services. They must meet the Students of the Graduate School of physical and personal qualifications for Nursing must be commissioned officers such a commission and must give of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Public evidence of a strong commitment to Health Service prior to application. serving as a uniformed medical officer. Graduate nursing students must serve a The graduating medical student is commitment determined by their required to serve a period of obligation of not less than 7 years, excluding respective service. graduate medical education.

For further information, contact the President, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814–4799. Phone, 301–295–3030. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 600 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20202 Phone, 202–708–5366

SECRETARY OF EDUCATION RICHARD W. RILEY Chief of Staff FRANK S. HOLLEMAN Director, Office of Public Affairs DAVID FRANK Deputy Secretary MARSHALL S. SMITH, Acting Director, Corporate Liaison Staff MARGARITA COLMENARES Director, Office of Educational Technology LINDA ROBERTS Director, Office of Small and Disadvantaged VIOLA J. SANCHEZ Business Utilization Under Secretary MARSHALL S. SMITH Director, Management Operations Staff DOUGLAS M. FLAMM Director, Planning and Evaluation Service ALAN L. GINSBURG Director, Budget Service THOMAS P. SKELLY Director for Management GARY J. RASMUSSEN Deputy Director MARY ELLEN DIX Director, Equal Employment Opportunity MARY ELLEN DIX, Acting Group Director, Family Policy Compliance Group LEROY ROOKER Director, Health and Environmental Safety DIANE SCHMITZ Group Director, Human Resources Group VERONICA D. TRIETSCH Director, Information Resources Group GLORIA PARKER Director, Labor Relations Group JAMES KEENAN Director, Management Systems Improvement JOSEPH COLANTUONI Group Director, Office of Hearings and Appeals FRANK J. FUREY Director, Quality Workplace Group TONY CONQUES Director, Real Property Group DAVID HAKOLA Director, Training and Development Group INGRID KOLB Chief Information Officer GLORIA PARKER, Acting Assistant Secretary for Intergovernmental and GILBERTO MARIO MORENO Interagency Affairs Director, Community Services JOHN MCGRATH Director, Interagency, International, and HENRY SMITH National Service Director, Intergovernmental and Constituent MICHELLE DOYLE Services Director, Regional Services WILSON GOODE Inspector General THOMAS R. BLOOM Deputy Inspector General JOHN P. HIGGINS, JR. Assistant Inspector General for Investigation DIANNE VAN RIPER Services Executive Officer, Planning, Analysis, and ROBERT K. NAGLE Management Services Assistant Inspector General for Audit STEVEN MCNAMARA Services 242 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 243

Assistant Secretary for Legislation and KAY CASSTEVENS Congressional Affairs Deputy Assistant Secretary SCOTT FLEMING Director, Legislation Staff CHARLOTTE FRASS Director, Congressional Affairs Staff SCOTT FLEMING, Acting General Counsel JUDITH A. WINSTON Deputy General Counsel for Postsecondary FELIX BAXTER and Departmental Service Deputy General Counsel for Program Service STEVEN Y. WINNICK Deputy General Counsel for Regulations and JAMIENNE S. STUDLEY Legislation Service Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights NORMA V. CANTU´ Deputy Assistant Secretary RAYMOND C. PIERCE Director, Enforcement, East SUSAN BOWERS Director, Enforcement, West CATHY LEWIS Director, Program Legal Group EILEEN HANRAHAN Director, Resource Management Group PAUL FAIRLEY Assistant Secretary for Educational Research RAY CORTINES, Acting and Improvement Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy and CHARLES E. HANSEN Planning Deputy Assistant Secretary for Operations CHARLES E. HANSEN, Acting Commissioner, National Center for PASCAL D. FORGIONE, JR. Education Statistics Director, Library Programs ROBERT KLASSEN Director, National Library of Education BLANE K. DESSY Director, Media and Information Services CYNTHIA DORFMAN Director, Office of Reform Assistance and RONALD CARTWRIGHT, Acting Dissemination Director, National Institute on Student JOSEPH CONATY Achievement, Curriculum, and Assessment Director, National Institute on the Education EDWARD FUENTES of At-Risk Students Director, National Institute on Early NAOMI KARP Childhood Development and Education Director, National Institute on Educational DEBORAH IMAN Governance, Finance, Policymaking, and Management Director, National Institute on Postsecondary CAROLE B. LACAMPAGNE Education, Libraries, and Lifelong Learning Assistant Secretary for Special Education and JUDITH E. HEUMANN Rehabilitative Services Deputy Assistant Secretary HOWARD R. MOSES Director, Special Education Programs THOMAS HEHIR Director, National Institute on Disability and KATHERINE D. SEELMAN Rehabilitation Research Commissioner, Rehabilitation Services FREDRIC K. SCHROEDER Administration Associate Commissioner, Developmental TOM FINCH, Acting Programs Associate Commissioner, Program MARK SHOOB, Acting Operations 244 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Office of Bilingual Education and DELIA POMPA Minority Languages Affairs Deputy Director PHYLLIS BARAJAS, Acting Assistant Secretary for Elementary and GERALD N. TIROZZI Secondary Education Deputy Assistant Secretaries JUDITH JOHNSON JAMES KOHLMOOS, Acting Director, Compensatory Education Programs MARY JEAN LETENDRE Director, Impact Aid Programs CATHERINE SCHAGH Director, School Improvement Programs ARTHUR COLE Director, Office of Indian Education SANDRA SPAULDING, Acting Director, Office of Migrant Education BAYLA F. WHITE Director, Goals 2000 Program THOMAS FAGAN Director, Safe and Drug-Free Schools WILLIAM MODZELESKI Program Assistant Secretary for Vocational and Adult PATRICIA W. MCNEIL Education Deputy Assistant Secretary (VACANCY) Director, Adult Education and Literacy RONALD S. PUGSLEY Division Director, National Programs Division DENNIS BERRY Director, Vocational-Technical Education WINIFRED I. WARNAT Division Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education DAVID A. LONGANECKER Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy, MAUREEN MCLAUGHLIN Planning, and Innovation Deputy Assistant Secretary for Student ELIZABETH M. HICKS Financial Assistance Programs Director, Policy, Training, and Analysis NINA C. WINKLER Service Director, Accounting and Financial LINDA L. PAULSEN Management Service Director, Program Systems Service GERARD A. RUSSOMANO Director, Institutional Participation and MARIANNE PHELPS Oversight Service Director, Debt Collection Service THOMAS J. PETSKA Deputy Assistant Secretary for Higher CLAUDIO R. PRIETO Education Programs Chief Financial Officer DONALD RAPPAPORT Deputy Chief Financial Officer MITCHELL L. LAINE Director, Contracts and Purchasing GLENN PERRY Operations Director, Financial Improvement, HAZEL FIERS Receivables, and Post Audit Operations Director, Financial Payments and Cash CHARLIE COLEMAN Management Operations Director, Financial Reporting and Systems GLORIA JARMON Operations Director, Grants Policy and Oversight Staff (VACANCY)

The Department of Education establishes policy for, administers, and coordinates most Federal assistance to education. Its mission is to ensure equal access to education and to promote educational excellence throughout the Nation. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 245 FOR ASSISTANT SECRETARY EDUCATIONAL IMPROVEMENT RESEARCH AND FOR DIRECTOR MANAGEMENT FOR ASSISTANT SECRETARY CIVIL RIGHTS CHIEF OFFICER INFORMATION DIRECTOR, PUBLIC AFFAIRS FOR ASSISTANT SECRETARY VOCATIONAL AND ADULT EDUCATION CHIEF OFFICER FINANCIAL AFFAIRS BILINGUAL DIRECTOR, EDUCATION LANGUAGES AND MINORITY UNDER SECRETARY DEPUTY SECRETARY SECRETARY OF EDUCATION SPECIAL AFFAIRS SERVICES DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ASSISTANT ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR REHABILITATIVE EDUCATION AND SECRETARY FOR AND INTERAGENCY INTERGOVERNMENTAL THE FOR GENERAL COUNSEL ASSISTANT SECRETARY EDUCATION AFFAIRS POSTSECONDARY FOR LEGISLATION AND CONGRESSIONAL ASSISTANT SECRETARY THE GENERAL ELEMENTARY INSPECTOR EDUCATION ASSISTANT SECRETARY AND SECONDARY FOR 246 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The Department of Education was Educational Research and Improvement created by the Department of Education The Assistant Secretary for Educational Organization Act (20 U.S.C. 3411). The Research and Improvement provides Department is administered under the national leadership in expanding supervision and direction of the fundamental knowledge and improving Secretary of Education. the quality of education. This Office is responsible for conducting and Office of the Secretary supporting education-related research activities; monitoring the state of Secretary The Secretary of Education education through the collection and advises the President on education plans, analysis of statistical data; promoting the policies, and programs of the Federal use and application of research and Government. The Secretary also serves development to improve instructional as the Chief Executive Officer of the practices in the classroom; and Department, coordinating and disseminating these findings and overseeing all Department activities, providing technical assistance for providing support and encouragement to specific problems at school sites. States and localities on matters related to Elementary and Secondary Education education, and focusing the resources of The Assistant Secretary for Elementary the Department and the attention of the and Secondary Education formulates country on ensuring equal access to policy for, directs, and coordinates the education and promoting educational Department’s activities relating to excellence throughout the Nation. The preschool, elementary, and secondary Deputy Secretary, the Under Secretary, education. Included are grants and the Assistant Secretaries, the Inspector contracts to State educational agencies General, the General Counsel, and the and local school districts, postsecondary Chief Financial Officer are the principal schools, and nonprofit organizations for officers who assist the Secretary in the State and local reform, compensatory, overall management of the Department. migrant, and Indian education; drug-free schools; other school improvement Activities programs; and impact aid. Bilingual Education The Office of Postsecondary Education The Assistant Bilingual Education and Minority Secretary for Postsecondary Education Languages Affairs administers programs formulates policy and directs and designed to fund activities that assist coordinates programs for assistance to students with limited English proficiency. postsecondary educational institutions The Office administers the discretionary and students pursuing a postsecondary grant competition for 12 grant programs education. Programs include assistance established by law and 2 formula grant for the improvement and expansion of programs under the Immigrant Education American educational resources for Program. The Office also administers international studies and services, grants contracts for research and evaluation, to improve instruction in crucial technical assistance, and clearinghouse academic subjects, and construction activities to meet the special educational assistance for academic facilities. Also needs of populations with limited English included are programs of student proficiency. financial assistance, including Pell Civil Rights The Assistant Secretary for Grants, Supplemental Educational Civil Rights is responsible for ensuring Opportunity Grants, Grants to States for that institutional recipients of Federal State Student Incentives, Work-Study, financial assistance do not discriminate Federal Direct Student Loans, Stafford against American students, faculty, or Loans, Parent Loans for Undergraduate other individuals on the basis of race, Students (PLUS), Supplemental Loans for color, national origin, sex, handicap, or Students (SLS), Consolidation Loans, and age. Perkins Loans. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 247

Special Education and Rehabilitative Adult Education administers grant, Services The Assistant Secretary for contract, and technical assistance Special Education and Rehabilitative programs for vocational-technical Services is responsible for special education and for adult education and education programs and services literacy. The Office is also responsible expressly designed to meet the needs for coordinating these programs with and develop the full potential of children other Education Department and Federal with disabilities; and comprehensive programs supporting services and rehabilitation service programs research for adult education, literacy, specifically designed to reduce human and occupational training. dependency, to increase self-reliance, Regional Offices Each regional office and to fully utilize the productive capabilities of all persons with serves as a center for the dissemination disabilities. Programs include support for of information and provides technical training of teachers and other assistance to State and local educational professional personnel; grants for agencies and other institutions and research; financial aid to help States individuals interested in Federal initiate, expand, and improve their education activities. Offices are located resources; and media services and in Atlanta, GA; Boston, MA; Chicago, IL; captioned films for hearing-impaired Dallas, TX; Denver, CO; Kansas City, persons. MO; New York, NY; Philadelphia, PA; Vocational and Adult Education The San Francisco, CA; and Seattle, WA. Assistant Secretary for Vocational and

Federally Aided Corporations [These Corporations are supported in part by Federal funds appropriated in the budget of the Department of Education.]

American Printing House for the Blind P.O. Box 6085, Louisville, KY 40206 Phone, 502–895–2405

President TUCK TINSLEY Chairman of the Board JOHN BARR III

The American Printing House for the educational institutions educating blind Blind was incorporated by the Kentucky children pursuant to the act ‘‘To Promote Legislature in 1858 to assist in the the Education of the Blind,’’ as amended education of the blind by distributing (20 Stat. 467), adopted by Congress in Braille books, talking books, and 1879. educational aids without cost to 248 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Gallaudet University 800 Florida Avenue NE., Washington, DC 20002 Phone, 202–651–5000

Chairman, Board of Trustees GLENN B. ANDERSON President, Gallaudet University I. KING JORDAN Vice President, Academic Affairs ROSLYN ROSEN Vice President, Administration and Business PAUL KELLY Vice President, Institutional Advancement MARGARETE HALL Vice President, Precollege National Mission JANE K. FERNANDES Programs

The Columbia Institution for the the Department of Health, Education, Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, and and Welfare entered into an agreement the Blind was incorporated by act of with Gallaudet College for the February 16, 1857 (11 Stat. 161). An establishment and operation, including amendatory act of February 23, 1865 (13 construction, of such a facility. It was Stat. 436), changed the name to the established as an exemplary educational Columbia Institution for the Instruction facility for deaf students of high school of the Deaf and Dumb. The name was age from the District of Columbia, subsequently changed to Columbia Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Institution for the Deaf by act of March 4, 1911 (36 Stat. 1422). The act of June Pennsylvania, Delaware, and the rest of 18, 1954 (20 U.S.C. 691 et seq.), the Nation on a space-available basis. changed its name to Gallaudet College. The school’s mission is to provide The Education of the Deaf Act of 1986 maximum flexibility in curricula and to (20 U.S.C. 4301) changed the name to encourage the originality, imagination, Gallaudet University. and innovation needed to satisfy deaf Gallaudet University was established students’ high aspirations. to provide a liberal higher education for The objectives of the school are to deaf persons who need special facilities provide day and residential facilities for to compensate for their loss of hearing. deaf youth of high school age, in order The primary purpose of the university is to afford its students the intellectual and to prepare some for college and other spiritual development that can be advanced study and to provide terminal acquired through a study of the liberal education for others; to prepare all arts and sciences. students to the maximum extent possible In addition to its undergraduate to be independent, contributing program, the University operates a members of society; and to stimulate the graduate program at the master’s level to development of similar programs prepare teachers and other professional throughout the Nation. personnel to work with persons who are Kendall Demonstration Elementary deaf, a research program focusing on School The School became the problems related to deafness, and Nation’s first demonstration elementary continuing education for deaf adults. Accreditation Gallaudet University is school for the deaf by act of December accredited by the Middle States 24, 1970 (20 U.S.C. 695), which Association of Colleges and Secondary authorized Gallaudet College to operate Schools, the National Council for and maintain it as a model that will Accreditation of Teacher Education, and experiment in techniques and materials, the Council on Social Work Education. and to disseminate information from Model Secondary School for the Deaf these and future projects to educational The school was established by act of facilities for deaf children throughout the October 15, 1966 (20 U.S.C. 693), when country. The School is located on the DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 249 campus of Gallaudet University and now serves approximately 200 students. For further information, contact the Public Relations Office, Gallaudet University, 800 Florida Avenue NE., Washington, DC 20002. Phone, 202– 651–5505. Internet, http://www.gallaudet.edu/.

Howard University 2400 Sixth Street NW., Washington, DC 20059 Phone, 202–806–6100

President H. PATRICK SWYGERT

Howard University was established by of social work, the school of act of March 2, 1867 (14 Stat. 438). It is communications, the school of governed by a 27-member self- education, the college of nursing, the perpetuating board of trustees. The school of human ecology, the college of University maintains a special allied health sciences, and a summer relationship with the Federal school. In addition, Howard University Government through the Department of has research institutes in the following Education. areas: the arts and the humanities, urban Howard University, jointly supported affairs and research, drug abuse and by congressional appropriations and addiction, minority business education, private funds, is a comprehensive university organization offering and the study of educational policy. instruction in 17 schools and colleges as The University is coeducational and follows: the college of liberal arts, the admits students of every race, creed, school of engineering, the school of color, and national origin, but it accepts architecture and planning, the school of and discharges a special responsibility business and public administration, the for the admission and training of black college of fine arts, the college of students. medicine, the college of dentistry, the For further information, contact the Office of college of pharmacy and pharmaceutical University Communications, Howard University, science, the school of law, the school of 2400 Sixth Street NW., Washington, DC 20001. religion, the graduate school, the school Phone, 202–806–0970.

National Institute for Literacy Suite 200, 800 Connecticut Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20006 Phone, 202–632–1500

Director ANDREW HARTMAN

The National Institute for Literacy is eliminate illiteracy by the year 2000 by administered under an interagency creating a national network and serving agreement among the Secretaries of as a focal point for coordination and Education, Labor, and Health and dissemination of information. Human Services. The Institute’s mission is to enhance the national effort to 250 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

National Technical Institute for the Deaf Rochester Institute of Technology 52 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623 Phone, 716–475–6853 (voice/TDD)

President, Rochester Institute of Technology ALBERT J. SIMONE Dean and Interim Director, National Technical JAMES DECARO Institute for the Deaf

The National Technical Institute for the have moved on to advanced academic Deaf (NTID) was established by act of studies. Of those who pursued June 8, 1965 (20 U.S.C. 681), and after employment, more than 90 percent have several years of planning, programs been placed in jobs; 93 percent in jobs began in 1968. Funded primarily commensurate with their educational through the Department of Education, it preparation. Of those employed, 80 is an integral part of a larger institution percent work in business and industry, known as the Rochester Institute of more than 11 percent in government, Technology (RIT). and the remainder in education. The presence of NTID at RIT is the The Institutes accept applications from first effort to educate large numbers of U.S. residents, as well as a limited deaf students within a college campus number of international students. An planned primarily for hearing students. overall eighth grade achievement level Unique in the world, NTID is a vital part or above is required, and, except under of RIT’s main 1,300-acre campus in special circumstances, an applicant must suburban Rochester, NY. It provides have completed a secondary program. educational opportunities for qualified An applicant also must show evidence of students from every State in the Nation need for special services because of and, through educational outreach, hearing loss and have an unaided better publications, and related service, serves ear average of 70dB ISO. International deaf persons throughout the world. In applicants generally are required to take addition, NTID conducts research to the Test of English as a Foreign Language better understand the role of deafness in (TOEFL) and must provide education and employment, and to documentation of availability of financial develop innovative teaching techniques. resources to meet the full cost of It develops training activities for its attending RIT. References are requested. faculty and staff, as well as for other Both Institutes are accredited by the professionals working with deaf persons Middle States Association of Colleges across the country. and Secondary Schools. Rochester One of the major reasons for NTID’s Institute of Technology also has been success in helping deaf students join the accredited by the Engineers’ Council for mainstream of American life is its close Professional Development, National working relationship with other RIT Association of Schools of Art, Committee colleges in developing career-oriented on Professional Training of American programs of study. One of RIT’s main Chemical Society, Council on Social strengths over the years has been its Work Education, and the National ability to adapt its educational programs Accrediting Agency for Clinical to technological and social change, and Laboratory Sciences. NTID helps keep that tradition alive. It For further information, contact the Rochester has served more than 7,000 deaf Institute of Technology, National Technical Institute for the Deaf, Department of Recruitment and students since 1968. Admissions, Lyndon Baines Johnson Building, 52 Deaf graduates from RIT have found Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623-5604. employment throughout the Nation or Phone, 716–475–6700. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 251

Sources of Information

Inquiries on the following information Employment Inquiries and applications may be directed to the specified office, for employment, and inquiries regarding Department of Education, 600 the college recruitment program, should Independence Avenue SW., Washington, be directed to the Human Resources DC 20202. Group. Phone, 202–401–0553. Contracts and Small Business Activities Organization Contact the Management Call or write the Office of Small and Systems Improvement Group. Phone, Disadvantaged Business Utilization. 202–260–8973. TDD, 202–260–8956. Phone, 202–708–9820.

For further information, contact the Information Center, Department of Education, Room 4608 (ROB3), 600 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20202. Phone, 800–USA–LEARN. Internet, http:// www.ed.gov/. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585 Phone, 202–586–5000

SECRETARY OF ENERGY FEDERICO PEN˜ A Deputy Secretary (VACANCY) Under Secretary (VACANCY) Associate Deputy Secretary for Energy KYLE SIMPSON Programs Associate Deputy Secretary for Field FRANKLIN G. PETERS, Acting Management General Counsel ERIC J. FYGI, Acting Inspector General JOHN C. LAYTON Assistant Secretary, Congressional, Public, and ROBERT M. ALCOCK, Acting Intergovernmental Affairs Assistant Secretary, Policy and International MARC W. CHUPKA, Acting Affairs Assistant Secretary, Environment, Safety, and TARA J. O’TOOLE Health Assistant Secretary, Human Resources and ARCHER L. DURHAM Administration Assistant Secretary, Fossil Energy PATRICIA FRY GODLEY Assistant Secretary, Defense Programs VICTOR H. REIS Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and CHRISTINE A. ERVIN Renewable Energy Assistant Secretary, Environmental ALVIN L. ALM Management Administrator, Energy Information JAY E. HAKES Administration Director, Fissile Materials Disposition HOWARD R. CANTER, Acting Director, Worker and Community Transition ROBERT W. DEGRASSE, JR. Director of Energy Research MARTHA A. KREBS Director of Civilian Radioactive Waste LAKE H. BARRETT, Acting Management Director of Hearings and Appeals GEORGE B. BREZNAY Director of Nonproliferation and National KENNETH E. BAKER, Acting Security Chief Financial Officer ELIZABETH E. SMEDLEY, Acting Director of Nuclear Energy, Science, and TERRY R. LASH Technology Director of Economic Impact and Diversity CORLISS S. MOODY Director of Quality Management ARCHER L. DURHAM, Acting Executive Director of Secretary of Energy DAVID W. CHENEY, Acting Advisory Board Chair, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ELIZABETH ANNE MOLER

The Department of Energy, in partnership with its customers, is entrusted to contribute to the welfare of the Nation by providing the technical information and the scientific and educational foundation for the technology, policy, and institutional 252 DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 253 leadership necessary to achieve efficiency in energy use, diversity in energy sources, a more productive and competitive economy, improved environmental quality, and a secure national defense.

The Department of Energy (DOE) was ensures that effective communication established by the Department of Energy and working relationships with State, Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7131), local, and tribal governments, the effective October 1, 1977, pursuant to President, the Congress, other Federal Executive Order 12009 of September 13, agencies and departments, the private 1977. The act consolidated the major sector, and the public are achieved. The Federal energy functions into one Secretary is the principal adviser to the Cabinet-level Department. President on energy policies, plans, and Offices managing programs which programs. require large budget outlays or provide technical direction and support are Deputy Secretary The Deputy structured to reflect the principal Secretary acts for the Secretary in the programmatic missions of the Secretary’s absence and assists the Department: energy programs, national Secretary in deciding major energy security programs, environmental policy and planning issues and in management programs, and science and representing the Department before technology programs. The energy Congress and the public. The Deputy programs area includes the Assistant Secretary, assisted by the Under Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Secretary, provides daily management Renewable Energy, the Assistant guidance and decisionmaking and Secretary for Fossil Energy, the Power coordinates the efforts of the energy, Marketing Administrations, and the weapons/waste cleanup, and science Energy Information Administration. The and technology programs to achieve the national security programs area includes Department’s goals by delivering quality the Assistant Secretary for Defense services to the public. The Deputy Programs and the Office of Secretary has primary oversight Nonproliferation and National Security. responsibility for the Department’s The environmental management energy, national security, and science programs area includes the Assistant and technology programs. Secretary for Environmental Under Secretary The Under Secretary Management, the Office of Fissile Materials Disposition, and the Office of has primary responsibility for the Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. Department’s environmental and The science and technology programs radioactive waste management area includes the Office of Energy programs, the disposition of fissile Research and the Office of Nuclear materials, and the Office of Worker and Energy, Science, and Technology. Community Transition. The Department’s organization also includes the Federal Energy Regulatory Staff Offices Commission, which is an independent Field Management The Associate regulatory organization within the Deputy Secretary for Field Management Department. provides centralized responsibility for Office of the Secretary strategic planning, management coordination, and oversight of the Secretary The Secretary provides the Department’s field operations in general; overall vision, programmatic leadership, and, specifically, for coordinating management and direction, and program and project planning, administration of the Department; execution, and management assignments decides major energy policy and of the Department’s eight multipurpose planning issues; acts as the principal operations offices and two field offices spokesperson for the Department; and 254 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL OFFICE OF AND DIVERSITY ECONOMIC IMPACT QUALITY OFFICE OF TRANSITION MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF WORKER OFFICE OF CIVILIAN RADIOACTIVE WASTE AFFAIRS PUBLIC, AND CONGRESSIONAL, INTERGOVERNMENTAL ASSISTANT SECRETARY, UNDER MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL SECRETARY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSISTANT SECRETARY MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS OFFICE OF THE ADVISORY BOARD SECRETARY OF ENERGY OFFICE OF DISPOSITION BOARD FISSILE MATERIALS DEPARTMENTAL FACILITIES SAFETY REPRESENTATIVE TO THE DEFENSE NUCLEAR *Deputy Secretary serves as Chief Operating Officer of the Department. FOR ENVIRONMENT, SAFETY, AND HEALTH ASSISTANT SECRETARY SECURITY OFFICE OF PROGRAMS UNDER SECRETARY FOR DEFENSE DEPUTY SECRETARY* AND NATIONAL AFFAIRS NONPROLIFERATION ASSISTANT SECRETARY SECRETARY OF ENERGY INTERNATIONAL FOR POLICY AND ASSISTANT SECRETARY PROGRAMS DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY DEPARTMENT NATIONAL SECURITY OFFICE OF AND TECHNOLOGY ENERGY, SCIENCE, ENERGY RESEARCH OFFICE OF NUCLEAR OFFICER APPEALS OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT HEARINGS AND CHIEF FINANCIAL ASSOCIATE DEPUTY SECRETARY FOR FIELD PROGRAMS DEPUTY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECRETARY ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATIONS POWER MARKETING GENERAL COUNSEL ENERGY INFORMATION ALASKA BONNEVILLE SOUTHEASTERN SOUTHWESTERN WESTERN AREA SECRETARY FOR HUMAN RESOURCES AND ADMINISTRATION ASSOCIATE DEPUTY ENERGY PROGRAMS ASSISTANT SECRETARY, ENERGY PROGRAMS COMMISSION REGULATORY FEDERAL ENERGY ENERGY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR FOSSIL ENERGY GENERAL ASSISTANT SECRETARY, ASSISTANT SECRETARY INSPECTOR DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 255 managing environmental restoration ensuring protection of public and efforts. employee health and safety and the environment by appropriate and timely For further information, contact the Director of Resource Management and Services. Phone, 202– resolution of DNFSB recommendations 586–7438. and concerns. Policy and International Affairs The For further information, contact the Departmental Representative to the Defense Nuclear Facilities Assistant Secretary for Policy and Safety Board. Phone, 202–586–3887. International Affairs formulates and develops national and international Hearings and Appeals The Office of energy policy, strategic plans, and Hearings and Appeals reviews and issues integration of departmental policy, all final DOE orders of an adjudicatory program, and budget goals; conducts nature, other than those involving integrated policy analyses; analyzes, matters over which the Federal Energy develops, and coordinates departmental Regulatory Commission exercises final technology, environmental, and jurisdiction. The Office is responsible for economic policy; leads the Department’s conducting hearings, considering, and bilateral and multilateral cooperation, issuing decisions on appeals from orders investment, and trade activities; and of a regulatory or adjudicative nature develops and tests energy emergency issued by DOE components and requests plans so that the Department can for exception or exemption from any respond to energy supply disruptions and regulatory or mandatory requirements. Its catastrophic disasters. Board of Contract Appeals hears and resolves appeals pertaining to contract- For further information, contact the Director of related matters. The Board may act as Resource Management. Phone, 202–586–2555. the Department’s Contract Adjustment Environment, Safety, and Health The Board, the Financial Assistance Appeal Assistant Secretary for Environment, Board, or the Invention Licensing Appeal Safety, and Health provides independent Board. oversight of departmental execution of For further information, contact the Director of environmental, occupational safety and Management Operations. Phone, 202–586–6622. health, and nuclear/nonnuclear safety and security laws, regulations, and Economic Impact and Diversity The policies; ensures that departmental Office of Economic Impact and Diversity programs are in compliance with advises the Secretary on the effects of environmental, health, and nuclear/ energy policies, regulations, and other nonnuclear safety protection plans, actions of the Department and its regulations, and procedures; exercises components on minorities, minority independent review and approval of business enterprises, and minority environmental impact statements educational institutions, and on ways to prepared within the Department; and ensure that minorities are afforded an carries out the legal functions of the opportunity to participate in energy nuclear safety civil penalty and criminal programs of the Department; carries out referral activities. policy, plan, and oversight functions under sections 8 and 15 of the Small For further information, contact the Deputy Business Act relating to preferred Assistant Secretary for Planning and Administration. Phone, 202–586–4704. programs for small businesses, disadvantaged business, labor surplus Departmental Representative to the area concerns, and women-owned Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board businesses; and administers the policy, The Office of the Departmental procedures, plans, and systems of the Representative to the Defense Nuclear Department’s equal opportunity and civil Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) manages rights activities. the Department’s interaction with For further information, contact the Office of DNFSB as mandated by law, including Economic Impact and Diversity. Phone, 202–586– achievement of the mutual goal of 8383. 256 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Worker and Community Transition Energy Programs The Office of Worker and Community Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Transition develops policies and The Assistant Secretary for Energy programs necessary to plan for and Efficiency and Renewable Energy is mitigate the impacts of changing responsible for formulating and directing conditions on the workers and programs designed to increase the communities affected by the production and utilization of renewable Department’s mission changes; ensures energy (solar, biomass, wind, that those policies and programs are geothermal, alcohol fuels, etc.) and carried out in a way that guarantees fair improving the energy efficiency of the treatment of all concerned, while at the transportation, buildings, industrial, and same time recognizing the unique utility sectors through support of long- conditions at each site and in each term, high-risk research and contract; assists those communities most development and technology transfer affected by the changing missions at activities. The Assistant Secretary Department sites by using the manages the program and facilities of Department’s resources to stimulate the National Renewable Energy economic development; and manages a Laboratory through its Golden, CO, field program for disposition of departmental office. The Assistant Secretary also has assets. responsibility for administering, through For further information, contact the Office of a network of regional support offices, Worker and Community Transition. Phone, 202– programs that provide financial 586–7550. assistance for State energy planning; weatherization of housing owned by the Secretary of Energy Advisory Board poor and disadvantaged; the The Office of the Secretary of Energy implementation of energy conservation Advisory Board provides executive measures by schools and hospitals, local management to the Board by advising units of government, and public care the Secretary of Energy on issues related institutions; and the promotion of energy to the Department of Energy and the efficient construction and renovation of Nation’s future energy and national Federal facilities. security needs, as well as analysis of For further information, contact the Director of scientific, technical, and research and Management and Resources. Phone, 202–586–6768. development responsibilities, activities, and operations of the Department. Fossil Energy The Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy is responsible for For further information, contact the Office of the Secretary of Energy Advisory Board. Phone, 202– research and development programs 586–8979. involving fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and gas. The fossil energy program Quality Management The Office of involves applied research, exploratory Quality Management assists and supports development, and limited proof-of- Department of Energy executives and concept testing targeted to high-risk and managers in their charge to implement high-payoff endeavors. The objective of the principles and culture of quality the program is to provide the general management within the Department. The technology and knowledge base that the Office provides information and private sector can use to complete technical assistance to departmental development and initiate officials on customer identification, commercialization of advanced performance measures, measurement of processes and energy systems. The service quality, process improvement program is principally executed through methods and tools, and statistical the Federal Energy Technology Center analysis. located in the field.

For further information, contact the Office of The Assistant Secretary also manages Quality Management. Phone 202–586–5363. the Clean Coal Technology Program, the DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 257

Strategic Petroleum Reserve, and the Department’s technical, analytical, and Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves. research expertise is made available to For further information, contact the Deputy support U.S. intelligence efforts. The Assistant Secretary for Management. Phone, 301– Office directs the development of the 903–2617. Department’s policy, plans, procedures, and research and development activities Energy Information Administration The relating to arms control, nonproliferation, Energy Information Administration is export controls and safeguard activities; responsible for the timely and accurate safeguards and secures classified collection, processing, publication, and information and protects departmental distribution of data in the areas of energy and DOE contractor facilities and resource reserves, energy production, installations; manages the Department’s demand, consumption, distribution, and Emergency Management System, which technology. responds to and mitigates the The Administration performs analyses consequences resulting from operational, of energy data to assist government and energy, and continuity–of–Government nongovernment users in understanding emergencies; manages a personnel energy trends. Analyses are prepared on security program for sensitive positions complex, long-term energy trends and within the Department; and provides the impacts of energy trends on regional threat assessments and support to and industrial sectors. Special purpose headquarters and field offices. analyses are prepared involving competition within the energy industries, For further information, contact the Director of the capital/financial structure of energy Resource Management. Phone, 202–586–4544. companies, and interfuel substitution. For further information, contact the Director, Environmental Management National Energy Information Center. Phone, 202– 586–1185. TDD, 202–586–1181. Programs Environmental Management The Assistant Secretary for Environmental National Security Programs Management provides program policy Defense Programs The Assistant guidance and manages the assessment Secretary for Defense Programs directs and cleanup of inactive waste sites and the Nation’s nuclear weapons research, facilities, directs a program in safe and development, testing, production, and effective waste management operations, surveillance program, as well as the and develops and implements an production of the special nuclear aggressive applied waste research and materials used by the weapons program development program to provide within the Department, and management innovative environmental technologies of defense nuclear waste and that yield permanent disposal solutions byproducts. The Office ensures the at reduced costs. The Office provides technology base for the surety, centralized management for the reliability, military effectiveness, and Department for waste management credibility of the nuclear weapon operations, and applied research and stockpile. The Office also manages development programs and activities, research in inertial confinement fusion. including environmental restoration and waste management program policy and For further information, contact the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Program Support. Phone, guidance to DOE field offices in these 301–903–4016. areas, and develops plans for the handling, storage, treatment, or disposal Nonproliferation and National Security of DOE waste material. The Office of Nonproliferation and National Security ensures that For further information, contact the Director of Administrative Services. Phone, 202–586–2661. intelligence information requirements of the Secretary and senior departmental Civilian Radioactive Waste Management policymakers are met and that the The Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste 258 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Management has responsibility for the aspects of energy technologies and Nuclear Waste Fund and for the programs. management of Federal programs for The Office monitors DOE research recommending, constructing, and and development programs for operating repositories for disposal of high-level radioactive waste and spent deficiencies or duplications and, in nuclear fuel; interim storage of spent conjunction with the Assistant Secretary nuclear fuel; monitored retrievable for Congressional, Public, and storage; and research, development, and Intergovernmental Affairs, monitors the demonstration regarding disposal of international exchange of scientific and high-level radioactive waste and spent technical personnel. nuclear fuel. For further information, contact the Associate For further information, contact the Director for Director of Resource Management. Phone, 301– Human Resources and Administration. Phone, 202– 903–4944. 586–9173. Nuclear Energy, Science, and Fissile Materials Disposition The Office Technology The Office of Nuclear of Fissile Materials Disposition is Energy, Science, and Technology responsible for all activities of the manages the Department’s research and Department relating to the management, development programs associated with storage, and disposition of fissile fission and fusion energy. This includes materials from weapons and weapon programs relating to nuclear reactor systems that are excess to national development, both civilian and naval, security needs of the United States. The nuclear fuel cycle, and space nuclear Office coordinates the development of applications. The Office manages a Department of Energy policy regarding program to provide radioactive and these fissile materials and oversees the stable isotope products to various development of technical and economic domestic and international markets for analyses and related research and medical research, health care, and development for this effort. industrial research. In addition, the For further information, contact the Office of Fissile Office conducts technical analyses and Materials Disposition. Phone, 202–586–2695. provides advice concerning nonproliferation, assesses alternative nuclear systems and new reactor and Science and Technology Programs fuel cycle concepts, and evaluates Energy Research The Office of Energy proposed advanced nuclear fission Research manages the Department’s energy concepts and technical program of basic and applied physical improvements for possible application to and energy research and development, nuclear powerplant systems. as well as financial assistance and For further information, contact the Director of budgetary priorities for these activities. Policy and Analysis. Phone, 202–586–6630. The Office manages the basic energy sciences, high energy physics, and fusion energy research programs; administers Independent Commission DOE programs supporting university Federal Energy Regulatory Commission researchers; funds research in An independent, five-member mathematical and computational commission within the Department of sciences critical to the use and Energy, the Federal Energy Regulatory development of supercomputers; and Commission sets rates and charges for administers a financial support program the transportation and sale for resale of for research and development projects natural gas, and for the transmission and not funded elsewhere in the Department. sale at wholesale of electricity. It also The Office also manages a research licenses hydroelectric power projects. In program directed at determining the addition, the Commission establishes generic environmental, health, and safety rates or charges for the transportation of DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 259 oil by pipeline, as well as the valuation of such pipelines. For further information, contact the Office of External Affairs. Phone, 202–208–0055.

Field Structure DOE Operations Offices and operations offices and two special Contractor-Operated Field purpose field offices. Installations Department operations offices provide a formal link between Department The vast majority of the Department’s headquarters and the field laboratories energy and physical research and and other operating facilities. They also development, nuclear weapons research manage programs and projects as and development, testing and assigned from headquarters. Routine production, environmental restoration, management guidance, coordination, and waste management activities are and oversight of the operations and field carried out by contractors who operate offices is provided by the Office of the Associate Deputy Secretary for Field Government-owned facilities. Management. Daily specific program Management and administration of direction for the operations offices is Government-owned, contractor-operated provided by the cognizant Assistant facility contracts are the major Secretaries and the Director or program responsibility of the Department’s eight officer. Operations and Field OfficesÐDepartment of Energy

Office/Address Telephone

Operations Offices Albuquerque, NM (P.O. Box 5400, 87185) ...... 505±845±6049 Chicago, IL (9800 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL 60439) ...... 708±252±2110 Idaho Falls, ID (785 Doe Pl., 83401) ...... 208±526±1322 Las Vegas, NV (P.O. Box 98518, 89193±8518) ...... 702±295±3211 Oak Ridge, TN (P.O. Box 2001, 37831) ...... 423±576±4444 Oakland, CA (1301 Clay St., 94612±5208) ...... 510±637±1801 Richland, WA (P.O. Box 550, 825 Jadwin Ave., 99352) ...... 509±376±7395 Savannah River, SC (P.O. Box A, Aiken, SC 29802) ...... 803±725±2277 Field Offices Miamisburg, OH (P.O. Box 3020, 45342±3020) ...... 513±865±3977 Rocky Flats, CO (P.O. Box 928, Golden, CO 80402±0928) ...... 303±966±2025

Power Administrations In addition, the Administration is The marketing and transmission of responsible for energy conservation, electric power produced at Federal renewable resource development, and hydroelectric projects and reservoirs is fish and wildlife enhancement under the carried out by the Department’s five provisions of the Pacific Northwest Power Administrations. Management Electric Power Planning and oversight of the Power Administrations is Conservation Act of 1980 (16 U.S.C. 839 the responsibility of the Deputy note). Secretary. For further information, contact the Bonneville Bonneville Power Administration The Power Administration, P.O. Box 3621, 1002 NE. Holladay Street, Portland, OR 97208. Phone, 503– Administration markets power produced 230–5101. by the Federal Columbia River Power System at the lowest rates, consistent Southeastern Power Administration with sound business practices, and gives The Administration is responsible for the preference to public entities. transmission and disposition of surplus 260 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL electric power and energy generated at preference in the sale of power and reservoir projects in the States of West energy to public bodies and Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, South cooperatives. Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, The Administration also conducts and Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky. participates in the comprehensive The Administration sets the lowest planning of water resource development possible rates to consumers, consistent with sound business principles, and in the Southwest. gives preference in the sale of such For further information, contact the Southwestern power and energy to public bodies and Power Administration, P.O. Box 1619, Tulsa, OK cooperatives. 74101. Phone, 918–581–7474. For further information, contact the Southeastern Western Area Power Administration Power Administration, Elberton, GA 30635. Phone, The Administration is responsible for the 706–283–9911. Federal electric power-marketing and Alaska Power Administration The transmission functions in 15 central and Administration is responsible for western States, encompassing a operating and marketing power for the geographic area of 1.3 million square Eklutna and Snettisham Hydroelectric miles. The Administration sells power to Projects in Alaska, including cooperatives, municipalities, public transmission systems serving the utility districts, private utilities, Federal Anchorage and Juneau areas. and State agencies, and irrigation districts. The wholesale power For further information, contact the Alaska Power Administration, Suite 2B, 2770 Sherwood Lane, customers, in turn, provide service to Juneau, AK 99801. Phone, 907–586–7405. millions of retail consumers in the States of Arizona, California, Colorado, Iowa, Southwestern Power Administration Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, The Administration is responsible for the Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, sale and disposition of electric power South Dakota, Texas, Utah, and and energy in the States of Arkansas, Wyoming. Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas. The Administration is responsible for The Southwestern Power the operation and maintenance of Administration transmits and disposes of transmission lines, substations, and the electric power and energy generated various auxiliary power facilities in the at Federal reservoir projects, aforementioned geographic area and supplemented by power purchased from also for planning, construction, and public and private utilities, in such a operation and maintenance of additional manner as to encourage the most Federal transmission facilities that may widespread and economical use. The be authorized in the future. Administration sets the lowest possible For further information, contact the Western Area rates to consumers, consistent with Power Administration, P.O. Box 3402, Golden, CO sound business principles, and gives 80401. Phone, 303–231–1513.

Sources of Information

Contracts and Small and Disadvantaged 634–4511. For information on existing Business Utilization Activities DOE awards, call 202–586–9051. Information on business opportunities Electronic Access Information with the Department and its contractors concerning the Department is available is available electronically through the through the Internet, at http:// Internet, at http://www.pr.doe.gov/ www.doe.gov/. prbus.html. For assistance, call 202– Employment Most jobs in the Department are in the competitive DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 261 service. Positions are filled through system for the centralized collection, hiring individuals with Federal civil announcement, and dissemination of service status, but may also be filled and historical reference to the using lists of competitive eligibles from Department’s scientific and technical the Office of Personnel Management or information and worldwide energy the Department’s special examining information. Contact the Office of units. Contact the Office of Personnel. Scientific and Technical Information, Phone, 202–586–8676. P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831. Freedom of Information Act To obtain Phone, 423–576–1323. administrative and technical support in Public Information Issuances, Press matters involving the Freedom of Information, Privacy, and Computer Releases, and Publications For media Matching Acts, call 202–586–6025. contacts, call 202–586–5575. Inspector General Hotline Persons Public Reading Room For information who wish to raise issues of concern materials on DOE and public access to regarding departmental operations, DOE records, call 202–586–3142. processes, or practices or who may be Whistleblower Assistance Federal or aware of or suspect illegal acts or DOE contractor employees wishing to noncriminal violations should contact make complaints of alleged wrongdoing the hotline. Phone, 202–586–4073. against the Department or its contractors Office of Scientific and Technical should call 202–586–8289. Information The Office manages a

For further information concerning the Department of Energy, contact the Office of Communications, Department of Energy, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585. Phone, 202–586–4940. Internet, http://www.doe.gov/. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 200 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20201 Phone, 202–619–0257

SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN DONNA E. SHALALA SERVICES Confidential Assistant to the Secretary JOLINDA GAITHER Counselor to the Secretary (VACANCY) Deputy Secretary KEVIN THURM Executive Secretary CLAUDIA COOLEY Chief of Staff WILLIAM CORR Director, Intergovernmental Affairs JOHN MONAHAN Chair, Departmental Appeals Board NORVAL D. SETTLE Assistant Secretary for Health (VACANCY) Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary JO IVEY BOUFFORD Executive Officer HAROLD P. THOMPSON Surgeon General of the Public Health (VACANCY) Service Deputy Assistant Secretary for Health CIRO SUMAYA, M.D. Deputy Assistant Secretary, Disease CLAUDE E. FOX, M.D. Prevention and Health Promotion Deputy Assistant Secretary, Minority Health CLAY E. SIMPSON Deputy Assistant Secretary, Population THOMAS KRING, Acting Affairs Deputy Assistant Secretary, Women’s Health SUSAN J. BLUMENTHAL, M.D. Director, Office of Emergency Preparedness ROBERT KNOUSS Director, Office of HIV/AIDS Policy ERIC GOOSBY, M.D. Director, Office of International and Refugee LINDA A. VOGEL Health Director, Office of Research Integrity CHRISTOPHER PASCAL, Acting Executive Director, President’s Council on SANDRA PERLMUTTER Physical Fitness and Sports Assistant Secretary for Legislation RICHARD J. TARPLIN, Acting Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary RICHARD J. TARPLIN Deputy Assistant Secretary (Congressional IRENE B. BUENO Liaison) Deputy Assistant Secretary (Health) KAREN L. POLLITZ Deputy Assistant Secretary (Human Services) MARY M. BOURDETTE Assistant Secretary for Management and JOHN J. CALLAHAN Budget Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary ELIZABETH M. JAMES Deputy Assistant Secretary, Policy Initiatives LAVARNE BURTON Deputy Assistant Secretary, Budget DENNIS P. WILLIAMS Deputy Assistant Secretary, Finance GEORGE H. STRADER Deputy Assistant Secretary, Grants and TERRANCE J. TYCHAN Acquisition Management Deputy Assistant Secretary, Human EVELYN WHITE Resources 262 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 263

Deputy Assistant Secretary, Information NEIL J. STILLMAN Resources Management Director, Office of Facilities Services PEGGY J. DODD Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (VACANCY) Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary DAVID F. GARRISON Executive Assistant JEFFREY MERKOWITZ Deputy Assistant Secretary, Disability, Aging, (VACANCY) and Long-Term Care Policy Deputy Assistant Secretary, Health Policy GARY CLAXTON Deputy Assistant Secretary, Human Services ANN ROSEWATER Policy Deputy Assistant Secretary, Program Systems SUSANNE A. STOIBER Deputy Assistant Secretary, Science Policy WILLIAM RAUB Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs MELISSA SKOLFIELD Deputy Assistant Secretary, Policy and LAURIE BOEDER Communications Deputy Assistant Secretary, Media VICTOR ZONANA Director, Freedom of Information/Privacy Act ROSS CIRRINCIONE Office Director, News Division P. CAMPBELL GARDETT Director, Office for Civil Rights DENNIS HAYASHI Deputy Director OMAR V. GUERRERO Associate Deputy Director, Management OMAR V. GUERRERO, Acting Planning and Evaluation Associate Deputy Director, Program RONALD COPELAND Operations Director, U.S. Office of Consumer Affairs and LESLIE L. BYRNE Special Assistant to the President Director, Business Consumer and PATRICIA A. FALEY International Liaison Director, Planning, Budget and Evaluation E. WAVERLY LAND Director, Policy and Education Development HOWARD SELTZER Director, Public and Legislative Affairs (VACANCY) General Counsel HARRIET S. RABB Executive Officer DONALD E. WATTS Deputy General Counsel BEVERLY DENNIS III Deputy General Counsel, Legal Counsel (VACANCY) Deputy General Counsel, Program Review ANNA L. DURAND Deputy General Counsel, Regulation RENEE LANDERS Associate General Counsel, Business and LESLIE L. CLUNE Administrative Law Division Associate General Counsel, Children, ROBERT KEITH, Acting Families, and Aging Associate General Counsel, Civil Rights GEORGE LYON Associate General Counsel, Ethics and JACK M. KRESS Special Counsel for Ethics Associate General Counsel, Food and Drug MARGARET J. PORTER Associate General Counsel, Health Care ROBERT JAYE, Acting Financing Associate General Counsel, Legislation SONDRA S. WALLACE Associate General Counsel, Public Health RICHARD RISEBERG Inspector General JUNE GIBBS BROWN Principal Deputy Inspector General MICHAEL F. MANGANO Chief Counsel to the Inspector General D. MCCARTY THORNTON Deputy Inspector General, Audit Services THOMAS D. ROSLEWICZ 264 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Deputy Inspector General, Enforcement and EILEEN T. BOYD Compliance Deputy Inspector General, Evaluation and GEORGE F. GROB Inspections Deputy Inspector General, Investigations JOHN E. HARTWIG Deputy Inspector General, Management and DENNIS J. DUQUETTE Policy

ADMINISTRATION ON AGING 330 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20201 Phone, 202–401–4541

Assistant Secretary (VACANCY) Deputy Assistant Secretary VICKI SHEPARD Deputy Assistant Secretary for Governmental WILLIAM F. BENSON Affairs and Elder Rights Special Assistant for Legislation, Public MOYA BENOIT THOMPSON Affairs, and White House Liaison Director, Office of Management JOHN F. MCCARTHY Director, Office of Program Operations and EDWIN L. WALKER Development Director, Office of American Indian, Alaskan M. YVONNE JACKSON Native, and Native Hawaiian Programs

ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES 370 L’Enfant Promenade SW., Washington, DC 20447 Phone, 202–401–9200

Assistant Secretary (VACANCY) Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary OLIVIA A. GOLDEN Deputy Assistant Secretary, Policy and (VACANCY) External Affairs Deputy Assistant Secretary, Program LAURENCE J. LOVE Operations Director, Equal Employment Opportunity/ VIRGINIA APODACA Special Initiatives Commissioner, Children, Youth, and (VACANCY) Families Associate Commissioner, Child Care Bureau JOAN LOMBARDI Associate Commissioner, Children’s Bureau CAROL W. WILLIAMS Associate Commissioner, Developmental BOB WILLIAMS Disabilities Associate Commissioner, Family and Youth TERRY LEWIS Services Associate Commissioner, Head Start Bureau HELEN TAYLOR Associate Commissioner, Native Americans GARY N. KIMBLE Director, Administrative Services/Facilities ROBERT MOTT Director, Child Support Enforcement (VACANCY) Director, Community Services DONALD SYKES Director, Family Assistance LAVINIA LIMON Director, Human Resource Management SYLVIA VELA Director, Legislative Affairs and Budget MADELINE MOCKO Director, Planning, Research, and Evaluation HOWARD ROLSTON Director, Program Support NORMAN THOMPSON DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 265

Director, Public Affairs MICHAEL KHARFEN Director, Refugee Resettlement LAVINIA LIMON Director, Regional Operations DIANN DAWSON Director, Staff Development and SANDI GOINES Organizational Resources

AGENCY FOR HEALTH CARE POLICY AND RESEARCH 2101 East Jefferson Street, Rockville, MD 20852 Phone, 301–594–6662. Internet, http://www.ahcpr.gov/

Administrator JOHN M. EISENBERG Deputy Administrator LISA SIMPSON Director, Forum for Quality and DOUGLAS B. KAMEROW Effectiveness in Health Care Director, Management WILLIARD B. EVANS Director, Planning and Evaluation PHYLLIS M. ZUCKER Director, Policy Analysis LARRY T. PATTON Director, Scientific Affairs LINDA DEMLO Director, Center for Cost and Financing ROSS H. ARNETT III Studies Director, Health Care Technology DOUGLAS B. KAMEROW, Acting Director, Health Information Dissemination CHRISTINE G. WILLIAMS Director, Information Technology J. MICHAEL FITZMAURICE Director, Organization and Delivery Studies IRENE FRASER Director, Outcomes and Effectiveness CAROLYN M. CLANCY Research Director, Primary Care Research CAROLYN M. CLANCY, Acting Director, Quality Measurement and SANDRA ROBINSON, Acting Improvement

AGENCY FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND DISEASE REGISTRY 1600 Clifton Road NE., Atlanta, GA 30333 Phone, 404–452–4111

Administrator DAVID SATCHER Deputy Administrator CLAIRE V. BROOME Assistant Administrator BARRY L. JOHNSON Deputy Assistant Administrator WILLIAM D. ADAMS

CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION 1600 Clifton Road NE., Atlanta, GA 30333 Phone, 404–639–3311

Director DAVID SATCHER Deputy Director CLAIRE V. BROOME Associate Director, Communications VICKI FREIMUTH Associate Director, International Health MELINDA MOORE, Acting Associate Director, Management and ARTHUR C. JACKSON Operations Associate Director, Minority Health ROBERT G. ROBINSON Associate Director, Policy, Planning, and JEFFREY R. HARRIS, Acting Evaluation Associate Director, Science DIXIE SNIDER Associate Director, Washington Office DONALD E. SHRIBER 266 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Equal Employment Opportunity SUE J. PORTER Director, Office of Health Communication VICKI FREIMUTH Director, Office of Health and Safety JONATHAN Y. RICHMOND Director, Office of Program Planning and JEFFREY R. HARRIS, Acting Evaluation Director, Office of Program Support ARTHUR C. JACKSON Director, Office of Public Affairs VICKI FREIMUTH Director, Office of Women’s Health WANDA JONES Director, Epidemiology Program Office STEPHEN B. THACKER Director, National Immunization Program WALTER A. ORENSTEIN Office Director, National Vaccine Program Office VICKI FREIMUTH Director, Public Health Practice Program EDWARD L. BAKER Office Director, National Center, Chronic Disease JAMES S. MARKS Prevention and Health Promotion Director, National Center, Environmental RICHARD J. JACKSON Health Director, National Center, Health Statistics EDWARD J. SONDIK Director, National Center, HIV, STD, and TB HELENE GAYLE Prevention Director, National Center, Infectious JAMES M. HUGHES Diseases Director, National Center, Injury Prevention/ MARK L. ROSENBERG Control Director, National Institute, Occupational LINDA ROSENSTOCK Safety and Health

FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857 Phone, 301–443–1544

Commissioner (VACANCY) Deputy Commissioner/Senior Adviser MARY PENDERGAST Executive Assistant to the Commissioner JEROLD R. MANDE Chief Mediator and Ombudsman AMANDA BRYCE NORTON Administrative Law Judge DANIEL J. DAVIDSON Chief Counsel MARGARET J. PORTER Special Assistant for Investigations JOHN H. MITCHELL Special Agent in Charge, Internal Affairs TOMMY L. HAMPTON Lead Deputy Commissioner for Operations MICHAEL A. FRIEDMAN, M.D. Associate Commissioner, Consumer Affairs CHARLES A. GAYLORD, Acting Associate Commissioner, Health Affairs STUART L. NIGHTINGALE Associate Commissioner, Information WILLIAM M. BRISTOW II Resources Management and Chief Information Officer Associate Commissioner, Legislative Affairs DIANE V. THOMPSON Associate Commissioner, Planning and PAUL COPPINGER Evaluation Associate Commissioner, Public Affairs JAMES E. O’HARA III Associate Commissioner, Regulatory Affairs RONALD G. CHESEMORE Associate Commissioner, Science BERNARD A. SCHWETZ Deputy Commissioner, External Affairs SHARON SMITH HOLSTON Deputy Commissioner, Management and ROBERT J. BYRD Systems DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 267

Deputy Commissioner, Policy WILLIAM B. SCHULTZ Director, Center for Biologics Evaluation and KATHRYN C. ZOON Research Director, Center for Devices and D. BRUCE BURLINGTON Radiological Health Director, Center for Drug Evaluation and JANET WOODCOCK Research Director, Center for Food Safety and Applied FRED R. SHANK Nutrition Director, Center for Toxicological Research BERNARD A. SCHWETZ Director, Center for Veterinary Medicine STEPHEN F. SUNDLOF Director, Office of Facilities, Acquisitions JAMES L. TIDMORE and Central Services Director, Office of Financial Management DON R. PETERSON Director, Office of Human Resources and MARY L. BABCOCK Management Services Director, Office of International Affairs WALTER BATTS Director, Office of Special Health Issues THERESA A. TOIGA Director, Office of Women’s Health AUDREY SHEPPARD, Acting Director, Orphan Products Development MARLENE E. HAFFNER Team Leader, Industry and Small Business BEVERLY COREY, Acting Liaison

HEALTH CARE FINANCING ADMINISTRATION 200 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20201 Phone, 202–690–6726

Administrator BRUCE C. VLADECK Deputy Administrator SALLY RICHARDSON, Acting Executive Associate Administrator (VACANCY) Associate Administrator for External Affairs PAMELA GENTRY Associate Administrator for Operations and STEVEN PELOVITZ Resource Management Associate Administrator for Policy KATHLEEN BUTO Director, Bureau of Data Management and REGINA MCPHILLIPS Strategy Director, Bureau of Health Standards and PETER BOUXSEIN Quality Director, Bureau of Program Operations GARY KAVANAUGH, Acting Director, Medicaid Bureau JUDY MOORE Director, Office of the Actuary RICHARD FOSTER Director, Office of the Attorney Advisor JACQUELINE VAUGHN, Acting Director, Office of Beneficiary Relations FRANK SOKOLIK Director, Office of Financial and Human MICHELLE SNYDER Resources Director, Office of Freedom of Information GLENN KENDALL and Privacy Director, Office of Hearings ANTHONY TIRONE, Acting Director, Office of Legislative and Inter- DEBORAH CHANG Governmental Affairs Director, Office of Managed Care DENNIS SIEBERT Director, Office of Media Relations (VACANCY) Director, Office of Professional Relations RONDALYN HAUGHTON 268 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

HEALTH RESOURCES AND SERVICES ADMINISTRATION 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857 Phone, 301–443–2086

Administrator CLAUDE E. FOX, M.D., Acting Deputy Administrator THOMAS MORFORD, Acting Chief Medical Officer WILLIAM A. ROBINSON, M.D. Associate Administrator for AIDS JOSEPH O’NEILL, M.D. Associate Administrator for Operations, JAMES CORRIGAN, Acting Management and Program Support Director, Bureau of Health Professions NEIL SAMPSON, Acting Director, Bureau of Health Resources JOSEPH F. O’NEILL, M.D. Development Director, Bureau of Maternal and Child AUDREY H. NORA Health Director, Bureau of Primary Health Care MARILYN H. GASTON, M.D. Director, Office of Equal Opportunity and J. CALVIN ADAMS Civil Rights Director, Office of Information Resources NANCY PAQUIN Management Director, Office of Minority Health ILEANA C. HERRELL Director, Office of Planning, Evaluation, and RONALD H. CARLSON Legislation Director, Office of Policy and Information HENRY MONTES Coordination Director, Office of Rural Health Policy DENA PUSKIN

INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857 Phone, 301–443–1083

Director MICHAEL H. TRUJILLO, M.D. Senior Adviser to the Director (VACANCY) Chief Medical Officer KERMIT C. SMITH, Acting Deputy Director MICHEL E. LINCOLN Director, Field Operations DUANE L. JEANOTTE, Acting Director, Headquarters Operations LUANA L. REYES Director, Congressional and Legislative MICHAEL MAHSETKY Affairs Director, Equal Employment Opportunity CECELIA HEFTEL and Civil Rights Staff Director, Public Affairs TONY KENDRICKS Director, Tribal Self-Governance PAULA WILLIAMS Director, Tribal Programs DOUGLAS P. BLACK Director, Urban Indian Health ARVADA J. NELSON, Acting Director, Management Support ROBERT G. MCSWAIN, Acting Director, Public Health ROBERT H. HARRY

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 Phone, 301–496–4000

Director HAROLD E. VARMUS Deputy Director RUTH L. KIRSCHSTEIN, M.D. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 269

Deputy Director, Extramural Research WENDY BALDWIN Deputy Director, Intramural Research MICHAEL M. GOTTESMAN, M.D. Deputy Director, Management ANTHONY L. ITTEILAG Associate Director, Administration LEAMON M. LEE Associate Director, AIDS Research WILLIAM E. PAUL, M.D. Associate Director, Behavioral and Social NORMAN B. ANDERSON Sciences Research Associate Director, Clinical Research JOHN I. GALLIN, M.D. Associate Director, Communications R. ANNE THOMAS Associate Director, Disease Prevention WILLIAM R. HARLAN, M.D. Associate Director, Legislative Policy and DIANE S. WAX Analysis Associate Director, Research on Minority JOHN RUFFIN Health Associate Director, Research on Women’s VIVIAN W. PINN, M.D. Health Associate Director, Research Services STEPHEN A. FICCA Associate Director, Science Policy LANA R. SKIRBOLL Assistant Director, Office of Program VIDA BEAVEN Coordination Director, Office of Community Liaison JANYCE HEDETNIEMI Director, Office of Equal Opportunity NAOMI CHURCHILL Director, Office of Financial Management FRANCINE LITTLE Director, Office of Human Resource STEPHEN C. BENOWITZ Management Director, Fogarty International Center PHILIP E. SCHAMBRA, M.D. Director, National Center for Research JUDITH L. VAITUKAITIS, M.D. Resources Director, National Library of Medicine DONALD A.B. LINDBERG, M.D. Director, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical JOHN I. GALLIN, M.D. Center Director, Division of Computer Research WILLIAM RISSO, Acting and Technology Director, Division of Research Grants ELVERA EHRENFELD Director, National Institute on Aging RICHARD J. HODES, M.D. Director, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse ENOCH GORDIS, M.D. and Alcoholism Director, National Institute of Allergy and ANTHONY S. FAUCI, M.D. Infectious Diseases Director, National Institute of Arthritis and STEVEN I. KATZ, M.D. Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Director, National Cancer Institute RICHARD KLAUSNER, M.D. Director, National Institute of Child Health DUANE F. ALEXANDER, M.D. and Human Development Director, National Institute on Deafness and JAMES B. SNOW, JR., M.D. Other Communication Disorders Director, National Institute of Dental HAROLD C. SLAVKIN Research Director, National Institute of Diabetes, PHILLIP GORDEN, M.D. Digestive, and Kidney Diseases Director, National Institute on Drug Abuse ALAN I. LESHNER Director, National Institute of Environmental KENNETH OLDEN Health Sciences Director, National Eye Institute CARL KUPFER, M.D. 270 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, National Institute of General MARVIN CASSMAN Medical Sciences Director, National Heart, Lung, and Blood CLAUDE J.M. LENFANT, M.D. Institute Director, National Human Genome FRANCIS S. COLLINS, M.D. Research Institute Director, National Institute of Mental Health STEVEN E. HYMAN, M.D. Director, National Institute of Neurological ZACH W. HALL Disorders and Stroke Director, National Institute of Nursing PATRICIA A. GRADY Research

PROGRAM SUPPORT CENTER 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857 Phone, 301–443–3921

Director LYNNDA M. REGAN Staff Director NORMAN E. PRINCE, JR. Chief Financial Officer JOHN C. WEST Director, Office of Budget and Finance JERRILYN ANDERSON, Acting Director, Office of Management Operations DOUGLAS F. MORTL Director, Office of Marketing MARSHA E. ALVAREZ Director, Administrative Operations Service RICHARD W. HARRIS Director, Financial Management Service JOHN C. WEST Director, Human Resources Service THOMAS M. KING Director, Information Technology Service LAWRENCE COHAN

SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857 Phone, 301–443–4797

Administrator NELBA CHAVEZ Deputy Administrator PAUL M. SCHWAB Special Assistant ANA ANDERS Associate Administrator, AIDS ADOLFO MATA, Acting Associate Administrator, Alcohol Prevention BETTINA M. SCOTT, Acting and Treatment Policy Associate Administrator, Communications MARK WEBER Associate Administrator, Managed Care ERIC GOPLERUD Associate Administrator, Minority Concerns DELORIS JAMES-HUNTER Associate Administrator, Policy and Program MARY C. KNIPMEYER, Acting Coordination Associate Administrator, Women’s Programs ULONDA SHAMWELL, Acting Director, Center for Mental Health Services BERNARD S. ARONS, M.D. Director, Center for Substance Abuse STEPHANIA O’NEILL, Acting Prevention Director, Center for Substance Abuse DAVID J. MACTAS Treatment Director, Equal Employment Opportunity PEDRO J. MORALES Director, Office of Program Services and RICHARD KOPANDA Executive Officer Director, Office of Applied Studies DONALD GOLDSTONE, M.D. Director, Office of Extramural Activities JANE A. TAYLOR Review DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 271

The Department of Health and Human Services is the Cabinet-level department of the Federal executive branch most concerned with people and most involved with the Nation’s human concerns. In one way or another, it touches the lives of more Americans than any other Federal agency. It is literally a department of people serving people, from newborn infants to persons requiring health services to our most elderly citizens.

The Department of Health and Human —the Equal Employment Opportunity Services (HHS) was created as the provisions of the Communications Department of Health, Education, and Finance Act of 1934, as amended; Welfare on April 11, 1953 (5 U.S.C. —titles VI and XVI of the Public app.), and redesignated, effective May 4, Health Service Act; 1980, by the Department of Education —the nondiscrimination provisions of Organization Act (20 U.S.C. 3508). the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981; Office of the Secretary —section 307(a) of the Family The Secretary of Health and Human Violence Prevention and Services Act; Services advises the President on health, —titles VII and VIII of the Public welfare, and income security plans, Health Service Act; and policies, and programs of the Federal —subtitle A, title II, of the Americans Government. The Secretary directs with Disabilities Act of 1990. Department staff in carrying out the Public Health and Science The Office approved programs and activities of the provides leadership and serves as the Department and promotes general public focal point for coordination across the understanding of the Department’s goals, Department in public health and science programs, and objectives. The Secretary by: administers these functions through the —ensuring that the Department Office of the Secretary and the conducts broad-based public health Department’s 12 operating divisions. assessments designed to anticipate future The Office of the Secretary includes public health issues and problems and the offices of Deputy Secretary, the that it devises and implements Assistant Secretaries, Inspector General, appropriate interventions and evaluations and General Counsel. Some offices to maintain, sustain, and improve the whose public purposes are broadly health of the Nation; applied are detailed further. —providing assistance in managing Civil Rights The Office is responsible the implementation and coordination of for the administration and enforcement Secretarial decisions for Public Health of the following laws that prohibit Service (PHS) operating divisions and discrimination in federally assisted health coordination of population-based health, and human services programs: clinical preventive services, and science —title VI of the Civil Rights Act of initiatives that cut across operating 1964; divisions; —section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act —providing management of the of 1973, as amended; following offices: Office of Women’s —the Age Discrimination Act of 1975; Health, Office of Minority Health, Office —title IX of the Education of Emergency Preparedness, Office of Amendments of 1972; Population Affairs, Office of International —section 407 of the Drug Abuse and Refugee Health, Office of Disease Offense and Treatment Act of 1972; Prevention and Health Promotion, —section 321 of the Comprehensive President’s Council on Physical Fitness Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and Sports, Office of Research Integrity, Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Office of HIV/AIDS, and the Office of Act of 1970; the Surgeon General; 272 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL CHAIR, GENERAL COUNSEL GENERAL DIRECTOR, DIRECTOR, INSPECTOR OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS U.S. OFFICE OF DEPARTMENTAL APPEALS BOARD CONSUMER AFFAIRS* * Located administratively in HHS; reports to the President CHIEF OF STAFF EXECUTIVE SECRETARY FOOD INDIAN HEALTH HEALTH CENTER SERVICE SUPPORT NATIONAL PROGRAM AND DRUG DIRECTOR, DIRECTOR, DIRECTOR, AND SERVICES INSTITUTES OF ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATOR, COMMISSIONER, ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATOR, ADMINISTRATION HEALTH RESOURCES SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES THE SECRETARY DEPUTY SECRETARY FOR AGING DIRECTOR, FINANCING RESEARCH ASSISTANT SECRETARY AND FAMILIES HEALTH CARE CENTERS FOR FOR CHILDREN ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATOR, ADMINISTRATOR, ADMINISTRATOR, ADMINISTRATION AND PREVENTION CARE POLICY AND SUBSTANCES AND DISEASE CONTROL DISEASE REGISTRY AGENCY FOR TOXIC AGENCY FOR HEALTH ASSISTANT SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES OF HEALTH DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF AND REGIONAL DIRECTORS FOR FOR FOR FOR INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS HEALTH LEGISLATION FOR PLANNING PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND EVALUATION ASSISTANT SECRETARY MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET ASSISTANT SECRETARY ASSISTANT SECRETARY ASSISTANT SECRETARY ASSISTANT SECRETARY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 273

—providing presentations to foreign representatives in direct, official dealings governments and multilateral agencies with State and local government on international health issues; and organizations. They provide a central —providing direction and policy focus in each region for departmental oversight through the Surgeon General relations with Congress and promote for the Public Health Service general understanding of Department Commissioned Corps. programs, policies, and objectives. They Regional Offices The 10 HHS Regional also advise the Secretary on the potential Directors are the Secretary’s effects of decisions. Regional OfficesÐDepartment of Health and Human Services

Address (Areas Served) Director Telephone

Atlanta, GA, Rm. 1515, 101 Marietta Twr., 30323 (AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, Patricia Ford-Roegner ...... 404±331±2442 NC, SC, TN). Boston, MA, Rm. 2100, Government Ctr., 02203 (CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT) (Vacancy) ...... 617±565±1500 Chicago, IL, 23d Fl., 105 W. Adams St., 60603 (IL, IN, MI, OH, WI) ...... Hannah Rosenthal ...... 312±353±5160 Dallas, TX, Suite 1100, 1200 Main Twr., 75202±4348 (AR, LA, NM, OK, Patricia Montoya ...... 214±767±3301 TX). Denver, CO, Rm. 1076, 1961 Stout St., 80294±3538 (CO, MT, ND, SD, Margaret Cary ...... 303±844±3372 UT, WY). Kansas City, MO, Rm. 210, 601 E. 12th St., 64106 (IA, KS, MO, NE) ...... Kathleen Steele ...... 816±426±2821 New York, NY, Rm. 3835, 26 Federal Plz., 10278 (NJ, NY, PR, VI) ...... Allison E. Greene ...... 212±264±4600 Philadelphia, PA, Rm. 11480, 3535 Market St., 19104 (DC, DE, MD, PA, Lynn Yeakel ...... 215±596±6492 VA, WV). San Francisco, CA, Rm. 431, 50 United Nations Plz., 94102 (AS, AZ, CA, Grantland Johnson ...... 415±556±1961 GU, HI, NV). Seattle, WA, Rm. 911F, 2201 6th Ave., 98121 (AK, ID, OR, WA) ...... Patrick McBride, Acting ...... 206±615±2010

Administration on Aging

The Administration on Aging (AOA) is —administers a program of grants to the principal agency designated to carry American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and out the provisions of the Older Native Hawaiians to establish programs Americans Act of 1965, as amended (42 for older Native Americans under title VI U.S.C. 3001 et seq.). It serves as the lead of the Act (45 CFR 1328); agency within HHS on all issues involving the elderly population. The —provides policy, procedural Administration: direction, and technical assistance to States and Native American grantees to —advises the Secretary, Department components, and other Federal promote the development of community- departments and agencies on the based systems of comprehensive social, characteristics, circumstances, and needs nutrition, and support services for older of older persons; persons; —develops policies, plans, and —administers programs of training, programs designed to promote their research, and demonstration under title welfare and advocates for their needs in IV of the Act; and HHS program planning and policy —administers ombudsman, legal development; services oversight, and protective —administers a program of formula services for older people under title VII grants to States to establish State and of the Act. community programs for older persons under the title III of the Act (45 CFR For further information, contact the Assistant 1321); Secretary for Aging. Phone, 202–401–4541. 274 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Administration for Children and Families

The Administration for Children and activities designed to improve and enrich Families (ACF) was created on April 15, the lives of children and youth and to 1991, under authority of section 6 of strengthen families. Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953 and For further information, contact the Commissioner, pursuant to the authority vested in the Administration on Children, Youth, and Families, Secretary of Health and Human Services. Administration for Children and Families, The Administration, led by the Department of Health and Human Services, 370 Assistant Secretary for Children and L’Enfant Promenade SW., Washington, DC 20447. Phone, 202–205–8347 or 202–401–2337. Families, reports to the Secretary. The Assistant Secretary also serves as the Administration on Developmental Director of Child Support Enforcement. Disabilities (ADD) The Administration, The Administration provides executive through the Assistant Secretary for direction, leadership, and guidance to all Children and Families, advises the ACF components; advises the Secretary Secretary on matters relating to persons and Deputy Secretary on ACF programs; with developmental disabilities and their and recommends actions and strategies families. ADD serves as the focal point to improve coordination of ACF efforts in the Department for supporting and with other programs, agencies, and encouraging the provision of quality governmental levels or jurisdictions. services to persons with developmental Administration on Children, Youth, and disabilities; assists States, through the Families (ACYF) The Administration, design and implementation of a through the Assistant Secretary for comprehensive and continuing State Children and Families, advises the plan, in increasing independence, Secretary on matters relating to the productivity, and community inclusion sound development of children, youth, of persons with developmental and families. disabilities; administers the Basic State ACYF administers State grant programs Grant Program, the Protection and under Titles IV–B and IV–E of the Social Advocacy Grant Program, and the Security Act to assist States in providing discretionary grant programs; and serves child welfare services, foster care, and as a resource in developing policies and adoption assistance; child care programs programs to reduce or eliminate barriers authorized under Title IV–A of the Social experienced by persons with Security Act and the Child Care and developmental disabilities. Development Block Grant; State grant In concert with other components of programs to improve and increase child ACF, ADD develops and implements abuse prevention and treatment activities research, demonstration, and evaluation and develop family preservation and strategies for discretionary funding of family support services; the Head Start activities to improve lives of persons Program; three programs which provide with developmental disabilities. services for runaway and homeless youth For further information, contact the Commissioner, and their families; child welfare training Administration on Developmental Disabilities, programs; child abuse and neglect Administration for Children and Families, research and demonstration programs; Department of Health and Human Services, 370 L’Enfant Promenade SW., Washington, DC 20447. and the Community Schools Youth Phone, 202–690–6590. Services and Supervision Grant Program. ACYF also supports and encourages Administration for Native Americans initiatives to involve the private and (ANA) The Administration promotes voluntary sectors in the areas of the goal of social and economic self- children, youth, and families. sufficiency of American Indians, Alaskan In concert with other components of Natives, Native Hawaiians, and other ACF, ACYF develops and implements Native American Pacific Islanders, research, demonstration, and evaluation including Natives of Samoa, Guam, strategies for the discretionary funding of Palau, and the Northern Marianas. Self- DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 275 sufficiency is that level of development establishing paternity when necessary, at which a Native American community and obtaining child support. can control and internally generate The Office assists States in establishing resources to provide for the needs of its adequate reporting procedures and members and meet its own economic maintaining records for operating CSE and social goals. Social and economic programs. It also validates applications underdevelopment is the paramount from States for permission to utilize U.S. obstacle to the self-sufficiency of Native courts to enforce orders for support American communities and families. against absent parents, and operates the ANA promotes lasting self-sufficiency Federal Parent Locator Service. It and seeks to enhance self-government certifies to the Secretary of the Treasury and strengthen community social and the amounts of child support obligations economic infrastructures through that require collection in specific competitive financial assistance grants in instances. support of locally determined and designed projects addressing community For further information, contact the Child Support Information Officer, Office of Child Support needs and goals. Competitive grants are Enforcement, Administration for Children and offered in the areas of social and Families, Department of Health and Human economic development, Native Services, 370 L’Enfant Promenade SW., American languages preservation and Washington, DC 20447. Phone, 202–401–9373. enhancement, environmental regulatory Community Services The Office, enhancement, and mitigation of through the Assistant Secretary for environmental damage on Indian lands. Children and Families, advises the ANA represents the concerns of all Secretary on matters relating to Native Americans and serves as the focal community programs that promote point in the Department on the full economic self-sufficiency. It is range of developmental, social, and responsible for administering programs economic strategies that support Native that serve low-income and needy American self-determination and self- sufficiency. individuals and addresses the overall The Commissioner of ANA is the goal of personal responsibility in Chair of the Intra-Departmental Council achieving and maintaining self- on Native American Affairs (IDCNAA), sufficiency. composed of 25 heads of the The Office administers the Community Department’s major agencies, and Services Block Grant, Social Services advises the Secretary on all matters Block Grant, and the Low-Income Home affecting Native Americans that involve Energy Assistance programs, as well as a the Department. variety of discretionary grant programs that foster family stability, economic For further information, contact the Commissioner, security, responsibility, and self-support. Administration for Native Americans, Administration for Children and Families, It also promotes and provides services to Department of Health and Human Services, 370 homeless and low-income individuals L’Enfant Promenade SW., Washington, DC 20447. and develops new and innovative Phone, 202–690–7776. approaches to reduce welfare Child Support Enforcement (CSE) The dependency. Office of Child Support Enforcement For further information, contact the Director, advises the Secretary on matters relating Office of Community Services, Administration for to child support enforcement. It provides Children and Families, Department of Health and Human Services, 370 L’Enfant Promenade SW., direction, guidance, and oversight to Washington, DC 20447. Phone, 202–401–9333. State CSE program offices and on activities authorized and directed by title Refugee Resettlement The Office of IV, part D of the Social Security Act, and Refugee Resettlement (ORR) advises the other pertinent legislation requiring Secretary, through the Assistant Secretary States to develop programs for for Children and Families, on policies establishing and enforcing support and programs regarding refugee obligations by locating absent parents, resettlement, immigration, and 276 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL repatriation matters. It plans, develops, The Office provides technical and directs implementation of a assistance to States and territories, and comprehensive program for domestic assesses their performance in refugee and entrant resettlement administering these programs; reviews assistance. State planning for administrative and The Office provides direction and operational improvements; and technical guidance to the nationwide administration of programs including recommends actions to improve Refugee and Entrant Resettlement, and effectiveness. It directs reviews, provides the U.S. Repatriate Program. consultations and conducts necessary negotiations to achieve effective public For further information, contact the Director, Office of Refugee Resettlement, Administration for assistance programs. Children and Families, Department of Health and Human Services, 370 L’Enfant Promenade SW., For further information, contact the Director, Washington, DC 20447. Phone, 202–401–9246. Office of Family Assistance, Administration for Children and Families, Department of Health and Family Assistance The Office of Family Human Services, 370 L’Enfant Promenade SW., Assistance (OFA), through the Assistant Washington, DC 20447. Phone, 202–401–9275. Secretary for Children and Families, Office of Regional Operations The advises the Secretary on matters relating Office makes recommendations to and to public assistance and economic self- advises the Assistant Secretary for sufficiency programs. It provides leadership, direction, and technical Children and Families on all strategic guidance in administering Temporary and operations activities related to Assistance for Needy Families; Aid to implementation of the agency’s programs Families with Dependent Children; Aid at the regional level. to the Aged, Blind, and Disabled in For further information, contact the Director, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Office of Regional Operations, Administration for Islands; Emergency Assistance; and Job Children and Families, Department of Health and Opportunities and Basic Skills Training Human Services, 370 L’Enfant Promenade SW., programs. Washington, DC 20447. Phone, 202–401–4802. Regional OfficesÐAdministration for Children and Families (RHD: Regional Hub Director; RA: Regional Administrator)

Address (Areas Served) Director Telephone

Rm. 2000, Government Ctr., Boston, MA 02203 (CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT) ...... Hugh Galligan (RA) ...... 617±565±1020 Rm. 4049, 26 Federal Plz., New York, NY 10278 (NJ, NY, PR, VI) ...... Mary Ann Higgins (RA) .. 212±264±2890 Rm. 5450, 3535 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104 (DC, DE, MD, PA, VA, David Lett, Acting (RA) ... 215±596±0352 WV). Suite 821, 101 Marietta Twr., Atlanta, GA 30323 (AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, Steven J. Golightly 404±331±5733 SC, TN). (RHD). 20th Fl., 105 W. Adams St., Chicago, IL 60603 (IL, IN, MI, OH, WI) ...... Linda Carson (RHD) ...... 312±353±4237 1200 Main Twr., Dallas, TX 75202 (AR, LA, NM, OK, TX) ...... Leon McCowan (RHD) ... 214±767±9648 Rm. 384, 601 E. 12th St., Kansas City, MO 64106 (IA, KS, MO, NE) ...... Dwight High, Acting (RA) 816±426±3981 Rm. 1185, 1961 Stout St., Denver, CO 80294±3538 (CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, Beverly Turnbo (RA) ...... 303±844±3100 WY). Rm. 450, 50 United Nations Plz., San Francisco, CA 94102 (AS, AZ, CA, GU, Sharon Fujii (RA) ...... 415±437±8400 HI, NV). 9th Fl., 2201 6th Ave., Seattle, WA 98121 (AK, ID, OR, WA) ...... Stephen Henigson (RA) .. 206±615±2547

Agency for Health Care Policy and Research

A reorganization order, signed by the Service of the U.S. Department of Health Secretary on October 31, 1995, and Human Services. established the Agency for Health Care As the health services research arm of Policy and Research (AHCPR) as an the Public Health Service, AHCPR’s operating division within Public Health goals are to work with the private sector DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 277 and other public organizations to help levels of the health care system; and consumers make better informed develops the data and information choices; determine what works best in infrastructure to study and track the clinical practice; measure and improve performance of the health care system quality of care; monitor and evaluate and the needs of stakeholders. health care delivery; improve the cost- Currently, AHCPR supports and effective use of health care resources; conducts research and evaluation assist health care policymakers; and projects in the areas of consumer choice; build and sustain the health services clinical improvement; health care cost, research infrastructure. financing, and access; health information AHCPR supports and conducts technology; outcomes and effectiveness research which creates the science base of health care; health care organization to guide improvements in both clinical and delivery; quality measurement and care and the organization and financing improvement; and technology of health care; promotes the assessment. incorporation of science into practice For further information, contact the Agency for through the development of tools for Health Care Policy and Research. Phone, 301–594– public and private decisionmakers at all 1364.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

A reorganization order, signed by the —evaluates information on the release Secretary on October 31, 1995, of hazardous substances into the established the Agency for Toxic environment to assess any current or Substances and Disease Registry future impact on public health; (ATSDR) as an operating division within —through epidemiologic, surveillance, the Public Health Service of the U.S. and other studies of toxic substances and Department of Health and Human their effects, increases understanding of Services. Statutory authority for the the relationship between exposure to Agency is derived from the hazardous substances and adverse Comprehensive Environmental Response, human health effects; Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 —establishes and maintains registries (42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.), as amended by of persons exposed to specific the Superfund Amendments and substances for long-term followup of Reauthorization Act of 1986, the scientific studies; Resource Conservation and Recovery Act —establishes and maintains a (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.), and provisions complete listing of areas closed to the of the Solid Waste Disposal Act relating public or otherwise restricted in use to sites and substances found at those because of toxic substance contamination; sites and other forms of uncontrolled —summarizes and makes available to releases of toxic substances into the the public, researchers, and physicians environment. and other health care providers data on The Agency’s mission is to prevent the health effects of hazardous exposure and adverse human health substances; effects and diminished quality of life —conducts or sponsors research to associated with exposure to hazardous increase scientific knowledge about the substances from waste sites, unplanned effects on human health of hazardous releases, and other sources of pollution substances released from waste sites or present in the environment. To carry out during transportation accidents; and this mission, ATSDR, in cooperation with —provides health-related support, States and other Federal and local including health consultations and agencies: training for first responders to ensure 278 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL adequate response to public health emergencies. For further information, contact the Office of Policy and External Affairs, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1300 Clifton Road NE., MS E–60, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone, 404– 639–0501. Fax, 404–639–7000.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

A reorganization order, signed by the State and local health departments. It Secretary on October 31, 1995, develops and implements programs to established the Centers for Disease deal with environmental health Control and Prevention (CDC) as an problems, including responding to operating division within the Public environmental, chemical, and radiation Health Service of the U.S. Department of emergencies. Health and Human Services. CDC directs and enforces foreign CDC is the Federal agency charged quarantine activities and regulations; with protecting the public health of the provides consultation and assistance in Nation by providing leadership and upgrading the performance of public direction in the prevention and control health and clinical laboratories; and of diseases and other preventable organizes and implements a National conditions and responding to public Health Promotion Program, including a health emergencies. It is composed of 11 nationwide program of research, major operating components: information, and education in the field Epidemiology Program Office, of smoking and health. It also collects, International Health Program Office, maintains, analyzes, and disseminates National Immunization Program Office, national data on health status and health Public Health Practice Program Office, services. National Center for Prevention Services, Through the National Institute for National Center for Environmental Occupational Safety and Health, CDC Health, National Center for Injury develops occupational safety and health Prevention and Control, National standards and carries out research and Institute for Occupational Safety and other activities to ensure safe and Health, National Center for Chronic healthful working conditions for all Disease Prevention and Health working people. Promotion, National Center for Infectious CDC also provides consultation to Diseases, and National Center for Health other nations in the control of Statistics. preventable diseases and participates CDC administers national programs for with national and international agencies the prevention and control of in the eradication or control of communicable and vector-borne communicable diseases and other diseases, injury, and other preventable preventable conditions. conditions. It develops and implements For further information, contact the Centers for programs in chronic disease prevention Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road and control, including consultation with NE., Atlanta, GA, 30333. Phone, 404–639–3291.

Food and Drug Administration

A reorganization order, signed by the established the Food and Drug Secretary on October 31, 1995, Administration (FDA) as an operating DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 279 division of the Public Health Service Research regarding activities for within the U.S. Department of Health biological drug products, including and Human Services. The name Food research, compliance, and product and Drug Administration was first review and approval, and develops and provided by the Agriculture promulgates guidelines on current good Appropriation Act of 1931 (46 Stat. 392), manufacturing practices for use by the although similar law enforcement drug industry. It develops and functions had been in existence under disseminates information and different organizational titles when the educational material dealing with drug Food and Drug Act of 1906 (21 U.S.C. products to the medical community and 1–15) became effective January 1, 1907. the public in coordination with the Food and Drug Administration Office of the Commissioner. programs are designed to achieve the The Center conducts research and single, overall objective of consumer develops scientific standards on the protection. FDA’s mission is to ensure composition, quality, safety, and that food is safe, pure, and wholesome; effectiveness of human drugs; collects human and animal drugs, biological and evaluates information on the effects products, and medical devices are safe and use trends of marketed drug and effective; and electronic products products; monitors prescription drug that emit radiation are safe. advertising and promotional labeling to FDA is headed by a Commissioner. ensure their accuracy and integrity; and The Office of Policy directs and analyzes data on accidental poisonings coordinates agency rulemaking and and disseminates toxicity and treatment regulations development activities. The information on household products and Office of Operations develops and medicines. In carrying out these administers agency programs and field functions, the Center cooperates with operations, through the Office of other FDA and Department components, Regulatory Affairs, the regional field governmental and international agencies, offices, the Center for Drug Evaluation volunteer health organizations, and Research, the Center for Biologics universities, individual scientists, Evaluation and Research, the Center for nongovernmental laboratories, and Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, the manufacturers of drug products. Center for Veterinary Medicine, the For further information, call 301–827–4573. Center for Devices and Radiological Health, the National Center for Center for Biologics Evaluation and Toxicological Research, and the Office Research The Center administers of Orphan Products Development. regulation of biological products under Selected FDA activities are detailed the biological product control provisions below. of the Public Health Service Act and For further information, call 301–443–1544. applicable provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. It Center for Drug Evaluation and provides dominant focus in the Research The Center develops Administration for coordination of the administration policy with regard to the AIDS program, works to develop an safety, effectiveness, and labeling of all AIDS vaccine and AIDS diagnostic tests, drug products for human use; reviews and conducts other AIDS-related and evaluates new drug applications and activities. It inspects manufacturers’ investigational new drug applications; facilities for compliance with standards, develops and implements standards for tests products submitted for release, the safety and effectiveness of all over- establishes written and physical the-counter drugs; and monitors the standards, and approves licensing of quality of marketed drug products manufacturers to produce biological through product testing, surveillance, products. and compliance programs. The Center plans and conducts The Center coordinates with the research related to the development, Center for Biologics Evaluation and manufacture, testing, and use of both 280 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL new and old biological products to Center for Veterinary Medicine The develop a scientific base for establishing Center develops and conducts programs standards designed to ensure the with respect to the safety and efficacy of continued safety, purity, potency, and veterinary preparations and devices, efficacy of biological products and evaluates proposed use of veterinary coordinates with the Center for Drug preparations for animal safety and Evaluation and Research regarding efficacy, and evaluates the FDA’s activities for biological drug products, surveillance and compliance programs including research, compliance, and relating to veterinary drugs and other product review and approval. veterinary medical matters. The Center plans and conducts For further information, call 301–594–1755. research on the preparation, preservation, and safety of blood and Center for Devices and Radiological blood products, the methods of testing Health The Center develops and carries safety, purity, potency, and efficacy of out a national program designed to such products for therapeutic use, and control unnecessary exposure of humans the immunological problems concerned to, and ensure the safe and efficacious with products, testing, and use of use of, potentially hazardous ionizing diagnostic reagents employed in and non-ionizing radiation. It develops grouping and typing blood. policy and priorities regarding FDA In carrying out these functions, the programs relating to the safety, Center cooperates with other FDA and effectiveness, and labeling of medical Department components, governmental devices for human use, and conducts an and international agencies, volunteer electronic product radiation control health organizations, universities, program, including the development and individual scientists, nongovernmental administration of performance standards. laboratories, and manufacturers of The Center plans, conducts, and biological products. supports research and testing relating to medical devices and to the health effects For further information, call 301–827–2000. of radiation exposure, and reviews and Center for Food Safety and Applied evaluates medical devices premarket Nutrition The Center conducts research approval applications, product and develops standards on the development protocols, and exemption composition, quality, nutrition, and requests for investigational devices. It safety of food, food additives, colors, develops, promulgates, and enforces and cosmetics. It conducts research performance standards for appropriate designed to improve the detection, categories of medical devices and good prevention, and control of contamination manufacturing practice regulations for that may be responsible for illness or manufacturers, and provides technical injury conveyed by foods, colors, and and other non-financial assistance to cosmetics. It also coordinates and small manufacturers of medical devices. evaluates the FDA’s surveillance and The Center develops regulations, compliance programs relating to foods, standards, and criteria and recommends colors, and cosmetics. changes in FDA legislative authority The Center reviews industry petitions necessary to protect the public health; and develops regulations for food provides scientific and technical support standards to permit the safe use of color to other components within FDA and additives and food additives; collects other agencies on matters relating to and interprets data on nutrition, food radiological health and medical devices; additives, and environmental factors and maintains appropriate liaison with affecting the total chemical result posed other Federal, State, and international by food additives; and maintains a agencies, industry, and consumer and nutritional data bank. professional organizations. For further information, call 800–332–4010. For further information, call 800–638–2041. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 281

National Center for Toxicological animals to man; and develops Center Research The Center conducts research programs as a natural resource under the programs to study the biological effects National Toxicology Program. of potentially toxic chemical substances For further information, call 501–543–7000. found in the environment, emphasizing the determination of the health effects Regional Offices Regional operations resulting from long-term, low-level for the enforcement of the laws under exposure to chemical toxicants and the the jurisdiction of the FDA are carried basic biological processes for chemical out by 6 Regional Field Offices located toxicants in animal organisms; develops in the cities of the Department’s regional improved methodologies and test offices, through 21 district offices and protocols for evaluating the safety of 135 resident inspection posts located chemical toxicants and the data that will throughout the United States and Puerto facilitate the extrapolation of Rico. toxicological data from laboratory For further information, call 301–827–3101.

Health Care Financing Administration

[For the Health Care Financing Administration Medicaid Medicaid is a medical statement of organization, see the Federal Register of March 29, 1994, 59 FR 14628] assistance program jointly financed by State and Federal governments for The Health Care Financing eligible low-income individuals. Administration (HCFA) was created as a Medicaid covers health care expenses principal operating component of HHS for all recipients of Aid to Families with by the Secretary on March 8, 1977, to Dependent Children, and most States combine under one administration the also cover the needy elderly, blind, and oversight of the Medicare program, the disabled who receive cash assistance under the Supplemental Security Income Federal portion of the Medicaid Program. Coverage also is extended to program, and related quality assurance certain infants and low-income pregnant activities. Today, HCFA serves millions women and, at the option of the State, of elderly, disabled, and poor Americans other low-income individuals with through Medicare and Medicaid— medical bills that qualify them as approximately one-quarter of the United categorically or medically needy. States population. Quality Assurance The Medicare/ Medicare The program provides health Medicaid programs include a quality insurance coverage for people age 65 assurance focal point to carry out the and over, younger people who are quality assurance provisions of the receiving social security disability Medicare and Medicaid programs; the benefits, and persons who need dialysis development and implementation of or kidney transplants for treatment of health and safety standards of care end-stage renal disease. As a Medicare beneficiary, one can choose how to providers in Federal health programs; receive hospital, doctor, and other health and the implementation of the end-stage care services covered by Medicare. renal disease and the peer review Beneficiaries can receive care either provisions. through the traditional fee-for-service For further information, contact the Administrator, delivery system or through coordinated Health Care Financing Administration, Department care plans, such as health maintenance of Health and Human Services, 200 Independence organizations and competitive medical Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20201. Phone, 410– plans, which have contracts with 786–3151. Medicare. 282 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Health Resources and Services Administration

A reorganization order, signed by the White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Secretary on October 31, 1995, Emergency Act; encourage the donation established the Health Resources and of organs and tissue for transplantation Services Administration (HRSA) as an and ensure their equitable distribution; operating division within the Public compensate the families of children Health Service of the U.S. Department of harmed by the administration of routine Health and Human Services. The immunizations through the Vaccine Administration is the principal primary Injury Compensation Program; provide health care service agency of the Federal health care to people with Hansen’s Government. Its mission is to make disease; and attend to the special health essential primary care services accessible care needs of people with chronic health to the poor, uninsured, and needs, minorities, and those living along geographically isolated—populations the U.S. border with Mexico. severely underserved by the private For further information, contact the Office of health care system. Although the HRSA Communications. Phone, 301–443–2086. portfolio of programs is unusually diverse, most can be categorized as Bureau of Primary Health Care The pertaining to the primary care workforce, Bureau serves as a national focus for direct service to the underserved, or efforts to ensure the availability and primary care for special populations. delivery of health care services in health The Administration works integrally professional shortage areas, to medically with State and local governments to underserved populations, and to those improve and expand primary health care with special needs. Its mission is to services through a broad array of increase access to comprehensive categorical and block grants. Among primary and preventive health care and them are HRSA programs to bolster to improve the health status of training for primary care physicians, underserved and vulnerable populations. physician assistants, and advanced This mission is achieved through the practice nurses; place qualified primary development and support of systems and care providers in communities certified providers of high quality, community- to be health professional shortage areas based, culturally competent services. through the National Health Service To accomplish this goal, the Bureau Corps; assist health providers that serve provides funds to meet the health needs the underserved in keeping pace with of populations in medically underserved changes in health care, including areas by supporting the development of managed care; track the adequacy of the primary health care delivery capacity supply and preparation of primary care where the community can benefit from providers and record the malpractice high quality health care and improved and disciplinary actions taken against health status outcomes through project physicians and dentists through the grants to community-based National Practitioner Databank; provide organizations; provides funds to help primary care services to the working them meet the health needs of special poor and uninsured through community populations such as migrants, and migrant health centers; reinforce the Alzheimer’s disease patients, the health care system serving pregnant homeless, AIDS victims, Pacific Basin women and their infants through the inhabitants, Native Hawaiians, residents Maternal and Child Health Block Grant; of public housing projects, and victims reduce infant mortality with formula of black lung disease through project grants to communities with grants to State, local, voluntary, public, extraordinarily high numbers of infant and private entities; administers the deaths; address the multiple health care National Health Service Corps Program, needs of people and communities which recruits and places highly trained affected by HIV/AIDS through the Ryan primary care clinicians to serve in health DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 283 professional shortage areas; designates and motivated to counsel, diagnose, health professional shortage and treat, and manage persons with HIV medically underserved areas and infections. populations; administers the National BHP also serves as a focus for health Health Service Corps Scholarship and care quality assurance activities, issues Loan Repayment programs; provides related to malpractice, and operation of leadership and direction for the Bureau the National Practitioner Data Bank and of Prisons Medical Program and the the Vaccine Injury Compensation National Hansen’s Disease Program; Program; supports health professions and provides comprehensive occupational nurse training institutions, targeting health consultation and assistance to resources to areas of high national Federal agencies to enhance productivity priority such as disease prevention, and limit employment-related liability health promotion, bedside nursing, care through the Federal Employee of the elderly, and HIV/AIDS through Occupational Health Program on a grants; funds regional centers that reimbursable basis; and administers the provide educational services and Veterans Health Care Act of 1992 (38 multidisciplinary training for health U.S.C. 101 note), which provides that professions faculty and practitioners in participating manufacturers sell geriatric health care; administers several Medicaid-covered outpatient drugs to loan programs supporting students eligible entities at discount prices. training for careers in the health Division of Immigration Health Services professions and nursing; supports The Division serves as the primary focal programs to increase the supply of point for planning, management, policy primary care practitioners and to formulation, program coordination, improve the distribution of health direction, and liaison for all health professionals; collects and analyzes data matters pertaining to aliens detained by and disseminates information on the the Immigration and Naturalization characteristics and capacities of U.S. Service. health training systems; assesses the For further information, contact the Public Affairs Nation’s health personnel force and Officer. Phone, 301–594–4148. forecasts supply and requirements; develops, tests, and demonstrates new Bureau of Health Professions (BHP) and improved approaches to the The Bureau provides national leadership development and utilization of health in coordinating, evaluating, and personnel within various patterns of supporting the development and health care delivery and financing utilization of the Nation’s health systems; provides leadership for personnel. To accomplish this goal, the promoting equity in access to health Bureau provides for financial aid to services and health careers for the health professions students and support disadvantaged; funds regional centers to for health professions data analysis and train faculty and practicing health research; supports multidisciplinary professionals in the counseling, training networks and certain discipline- diagnosis, and management of HIV/ specific educational activities to improve AIDS-infected individuals; and serves as health workforce distribution and a focus for technical assistance activities quality; supports increasing in the international projects relevant to representation in the health professions domestic health personnel problems in of underserved minorities and other coordination with the Office of the disadvantaged groups; trains primary Administrator, HRSA. care medical providers and public health workers in short medical supply in the For further information, contact the Information Officer. Phone, 301–443–1590. United States; focuses on specific aspects of nursing workforce development; and Bureau of Health Resources conducts AIDS programs designed to Development The Bureau funds, increase the number of health care develops, coordinates, administers, and providers who are effectively educated monitors programs supporting increased 284 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL access to health care and support non-Federal public and private entities to services for people living with HIV/AIDS, accomplish the Bureau’s mission and as well as a national network of objectives; and designs and implements activities associated with organ and bone special epidemiological and evaluation marrow donation, procurements, and studies regarding the impact of Bureau transplants. It evaluates and monitors programs and initiatives. insured loans for hospital construction For further information, contact the and oversight activities of historically Communications Office, Phone, 301–443–6652. awarded Hill Burton hospital Fax, 301–443–0791. construction projects, under an Maternal and Child Health Bureau The interdepartmental agreement. The Bureau provides national Bureau develops, administers, directs, leadership in the administration of the coordinates, monitors, and supports Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Federal policy and programs pertaining Resources Emergency Act grant program to health and related-care systems for the to improve the quality and the Nation’s mothers and children. Programs availability of care for low-income, administered by the Bureau address the uninsured, and underinsured people full spectrum of primary, secondary, and living with HIV/AIDS; manages contracts tertiary care services and related to provide Federal oversight of the activities conducted in the public and Organ Procurement and Transplantation private sector which impact upon Network, the Scientific Registry of maternal and child health. Transplant Recipients, and the National To accomplish this goal, the Bureau: Marrow Donor Program and works to provides national leadership in increase the availability of donor organs supporting, identifying, and interpreting and unrelated bone marrow donors by national trends and issues relating to the working with Organ Procurement health needs of mothers, infants, and Organizations (OPO’s) and donor children (both normal and with special centers; provides technical assistance to health care needs), and administers State States, cities, nonprofit organizations, block and discretionary grants, contracts, OPO’s, and health care delivery systems and funding arrangements designed to and facilities in a wide variety of specific address these issues; administers grants, technical and technological systems; contracts, and other funding administers the HUD–242 hospital arrangements and programs under title V mortgage insurance program which of the Social Security Act, as amended, insures private sector loans to hospitals relating to the implementation of State for construction, renovations, or the maternal and child health (MCH) service purchase of major movable equipment; programs; research, training, and develops long- and short-range program education programs located in goals and objectives for health facilities institutions of higher learning; and State and specific health promotions, organ and local health agencies and transplantation, and AIDS activities; organizations involved in the care of advises and coordinates activities with mothers and children; administers grants, private and public organizations, other contracts, and other funding Federal organizations inside and outside arrangements under section 2671 of the the Department, State and local Public Health Service Act for research governments, and professional and and services pertaining to the health scientific organizations; develops, status of and services for pediatric AIDS promotes, and directs efforts to improve patients; administers grants, contracts, the management, operational and other funding arrangements under effectiveness, and efficiency of health title V of the Social Security Act, as care systems, organizations, and amended, relating to the care of persons facilities; collects and analyzes data and affected by hemophilia (regardless of disseminates information on the scope age); administers grants and contracts and impact of program operations; under title XIX of the Public Health maintains liaison and coordinates with Service Act relating to pediatric DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 285 emergency medical systems outside the Department, and with State development and care improvement; and local agencies and professional and develops, promotes, and directs efforts to scientific organizations; provides improve the management, financing, and technical assistance and consultation to operational effectiveness and efficiency the full spectrum of primary, secondary, of health care systems, the Healthy Start and tertiary MCH agencies and Initiative to reduce infant mortality, organizations in both the public and organizations, and providers of maternal private sector; and maintains liaison and and child health and related care; serves coordinates with non-Federal public and as the principal adviser to and private entities to accomplish the coordinates activities with other Bureau’s mission and objectives. Administration organizational elements, For further information, contact the other Federal organizations within and Communications Office. Phone, 301–443–0205.

Indian Health Service

A reorganization order, signed by the assistance, and human resource Secretary on October 31, 1995, development; facilitates and assists established the Indian Health Service Indian tribes in coordinating health (IHS) as an operating division within the planning, in obtaining and utilizing Public Health Service of the U.S. health resources available through Department of Health and Human Federal, State, and local programs, in Services. The goal of the Indian Health operating comprehensive health Service is to raise the health status of programs, and in health program American Indians and Alaska Natives to evaluation; provides comprehensive the highest possible level. health care services, including hospital The Service provides a comprehensive and ambulatory medical care, preventive health services delivery system for and rehabilitative services, and American Indians and Alaska Natives, development of community sanitation with opportunity for maximum tribal facilities; and serves as the principal involvement in developing and Federal advocate in the health care field managing programs to meet their health for Indians to ensure comprehensive needs. To carry out its mission and attain health services for American Indian and its goal, the Service assists Indian tribes Alaska Native people. in developing their health programs For further information, contact the Indian Health through activities such as health Service Communications Office. Phone, 301–443– management training, technical 3593.

National Institutes of Health

A reorganization order, signed by the knowledge to improve human health Secretary on October 31, 1995, conditions. established the National Institutes of NIH seeks to expand fundamental Health (NIH) as an operating division knowledge about the nature and within the Public Health Service of the behavior of living systems, to apply that U.S. Department of Health and Human knowledge to extend the health of Services. The NIH is the principal human lives, and to reduce the burdens biomedical research agency of the resulting from disease and disability. It Federal Government. Its mission is to supports biomedical and behavioral employ science in the pursuit of research domestically and abroad, 286 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL conducts research in its own laboratories diseases of the heart, blood vessels, lung, and clinics, trains promising young and blood; sleep disorders; and blood researchers, and promotes acquiring and resources. It plans, conducts, fosters, and distributing medical knowledge. supports an integrated and coordinated Focal points have been established to program of basic research, clinical assist in developing NIH-wide goals for investigations and trials, and health research and research training observational studies. It conducts programs related to women and research on clinical use of blood and all minorities, coordinating program aspects of the management of blood direction, and ensuring that research resources. pertaining to women’s and minority The Institute plans and directs research health is identified and addressed in the development, trials, and through research activities conducted evaluation of interventions (including and supported by NIH. Research emergency medical treatment) and activities conducted by or supported by devices related to prevention, treatment, NIH will determine the scope and and rehabilitation of patients suffering direction of medical treatment and from such diseases and disorders. It disease prevention in the future. conducts research in its own laboratories National Cancer Institute Research on and supports scientific institutions and cancer is a high priority program as a individuals by research grants and result of the National Cancer Act, which contracts. made the conquest of cancer a national The Institute also supports and goal. The Institute developed a National conducts research training and Cancer Program to expand existing coordinates with other research institutes scientific knowledge on cancer cause and all Federal health programs relevant and prevention as well as on the to activities in the areas of heart, blood diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation vessel, lung, and blood, sleep disorders, of cancer patients. and blood resources. It maintains Research activities conducted in the continuing relationships with institutions Institute’s laboratories or supported and professional associations, and with through grants or contracts include many international, national, State, and local investigative approaches to cancer, officials, as well as voluntary including chemistry, biochemistry, organizations working in the above biology, molecular biology, areas. immunology, radiation physics, For further information, call 301–496–2411. experimental chemotherapy, epidemiology, biometry, radiotherapy, National Library of Medicine The and pharmacology. Cancer research Library serves as the Nation’s chief facilities are constructed with Institute medical information source and is support, and training is provided under authorized to provide medical library university-based programs. The Institute, services and on-line bibliographic through its cancer control element, searching capabilities, such as MEDLINE, applies research findings in preventing TOXLINE, and others, to public and and controlling human cancer as rapidly private agencies and organizations, as possible. institutions, and individuals. It sponsors The Institute sponsors extensive and conducts research and development programs to disseminate cancer in biomedical communications, in such information and supports the Cancer areas as telemedicine, expert systems, Information Service, which responds to and advanced medical imaging projects. 600,000 callers a year. Phone, 800–422– The Library operates a computer-based 6237. toxicology information system for the For further information, call 301–496–5585. scientific community, industry, and Federal agencies. Through its National National Heart, Lung, and Blood Center for Biotechnology Information, Institute The Institute provides the Library has a leadership role in leadership for a national program in developing new information DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 287 technologies to aid in the understanding National Institute of Child Health and of the molecular processes that control Human Development The Institute health and disease. conducts and supports biomedical and Through grants and contracts, the behavioral research on child and Library administers programs of maternal health; on problems of human assistance to the Nation’s medical development; on family structure, the dynamics of human population, and the libraries that include support of a reproductive process; and on medical National Network of Libraries of rehabilitation. Medicine, research in the field of medical library science, establishment Specific areas of research include and improvement of the basic library mental retardation; pediatric and maternal AIDS; birth defects and genetic resources, and supporting biomedical diseases; endocrine and growth scientific publications of a nonprofit disorders; nutrition; infertility; women’s nature. health; learning disabilities such as For further information, call 301–496–6308. dyslexia; behavioral development; rehabilitation of people with physical National Institute of Diabetes, disabilities; and the causes of infant Digestive, and Kidney Diseases The morbidity and mortality, including low Institute conducts, fosters, and supports birth weight, premature birth, and basic and clinical research into the sudden infant death syndrome. Research- causes, prevention, diagnosis, and related findings are disseminated to other treatment of diabetes, endocrine, and researchers, medical practitioners, and metabolic diseases; digestive diseases the general public to improve the health and nutrition; kidney and urologic of children and families. diseases; and blood diseases. The Institute fulfills its mission through For further information, call 301–496–5133. research performed in its own National Institute on Deafness and laboratories and clinics, research grants, Other Communication Disorders The individual and institutional research Institute conducts and supports training awards, epidemiologic and biomedical and behavioral research and clinical studies on selected populations research training on normal mechanisms in the United States, and collection and as well as diseases and disorders of dissemination of information on Institute hearing, balance, smell, taste, voice, programs. speech, and language through a diversity For further information, call 301–496–3583. of research performed in its own laboratories, and a program of research National Institute of Allergy and grants, individual and institutional Infectious Diseases The Institute research training awards, career conducts and supports broadly based development awards, center grants, and research, research training, and clinical contracts to public and private research evaluations on the cause, treatment, and institutions and organizations. prevention of a wide variety of infectious, allergic, and immunologic For further information, call 301–496–7243. diseases. The goal of this research is to National Institute of Dental Research develop new or improved diagnostics, The Institute conducts and supports drugs, and vaccines. Areas of special research and research training into the emphasis include AIDS; asthma and causes, prevention, diagnosis, and allergic diseases; immunologic diseases; treatment of craniofacial, oral, and transplantation; sexually transmitted dental diseases and disorders. Areas of diseases; enteric diseases such as special emphasis include inherited hepatitis; influenza and other viral diseases and disorders; infectious respiratory infections; tropical diseases; diseases and immunity; oral, pharyngeal, tuberculosis; and vaccine development. and esophageal cancers; chronic and For further information, call 301–496–5717. disabling diseases, including pain 288 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL research; biomaterials, biomimetics, and Alzheimer’s disease, health and tissue engineering; and behavior, health retirement, menopause, and frailty are promotion, and environment. among the areas of special concern. For further information, call 301–496–6621. For further information, call 301–496–1752. National Institute of Environmental National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Health Sciences The Institute, located Alcoholism The Institute conducts and in Research Triangle Park, NC, conducts supports biomedical and behavioral and supports basic and applied research research, health services research, on how the environment interacts with research training, and health information genetic factors to cause disease and dissemination with respect to the dysfunction. The primary emphasis is on prevention and treatment of alcohol disease prevention through identification abuse and alcoholism. It provides a and assessment of risks. national focus for the Federal effort to increase knowledge and promote For further information, call 919–541–3211. effective strategies to deal with health National Institute of General Medical problems and issues associated with Sciences The Institute’s programs for alcohol abuse and alcoholism. support of research and research training For further information, call 301–443–3885. emphasize basic biomedical science, with activities ranging from cell biology, National Institute of Arthritis and chemistry, and biophysics to genetics, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases The pharmacology, and systemic response to Institute conducts and supports trauma. fundamental research in the major disease categories of arthritis and For further information, call 301–496–7301. musculoskeletal and skin diseases National Institute of Neurological through research performed in its own Disorders and Stroke The Institute laboratories and clinics, epidemiologic conducts and supports fundamental and studies, research contracts and grants, applied research on human neurological and cooperative agreements to scientific disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, institutions and to individuals. It supports epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, muscular training of personnel in fundamental dystrophy, head and spinal cord injuries, sciences and clinical disciplines, and stroke. The Institute also conducts conducts educational activities, and supports research on the including the collection and development and function of the normal dissemination of health educational brain and nervous system in order to materials on these diseases, and better understand normal processes coordinates with the other research relating to disease states. institutes and all Federal health programs relevant activities in the categorical For further information, call 301–496–5751. diseases. National Eye Institute The Institute For further information, call 301–496–4353. conducts, fosters, and supports research on the causes, natural history, National Institute on Drug Abuse The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Institute’s mission is to lead the Nation disorders of the eye and visual system in bringing the power of science to bear and in related fields. on drug abuse and addiction, through the strategic support and conduct of For further information, call 301–496–4583. research across a broad range of National Institute on Aging The disciplines, and the rapid and effective Institute conducts and supports dissemination and use of the results of biomedical and behavioral research to that research to significantly improve increase knowledge of the aging process drug abuse and addiction prevention, and the physical, psychological, and treatment, and policy. social factors associated with aging. For further information, call 301–443–6480. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 289

National Institute of Mental Health leadership in international science policy (NIMH) The Institute supports and and research strategies. conducts fundamental research in For further information, call 301–496–2075. neuroscience, genetics, molecular biology, and behavior as the foundation National Human Genome Research of an extensive clinical research portfolio Institute The Institute provides which seeks to expand and refine leadership for and formulates research treatments available for illnesses such as goals and long-range plans to schizophrenia, depressive disorders, accomplish the mission of the Human severe anxiety, childhood mental Genome Project, including the study of disorders including autism and attention- ethical, legal, and social implications of deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and other human genome research. Through mental disorders which occur across the grants, contracts, cooperative life span. In addition, NIMH supports agreements, and individual and research on treatment outcomes in institutional research training awards, the actual practice settings, including Institute supports and administers primary care settings; seeks to establish a research and research training programs sound scientific basis for the prevention in human genome research including of mental illness; and distributes chromosome mapping, DNA educational and informational materials sequencing, database development, and about mental disorders and related technology development for genome science to public and scientific research. It provides coordination of audiences. genome research, both nationally and internationally, serves as a focal point For further information, call 301–443–3673. within NIH and the Department for Federal interagency coordination and Clinical Center The Center is designed collaboration with industry and to bring scientists working in the academia, and sponsors scientific Center’s laboratories into proximity with meetings and symposia to promote clinicians caring for patients, so that they progress through information sharing. may collaborate on problems of mutual concern. The research institutes select For further information, call 301–496–0844. patients, referred to NIH by physicians National Institute of Nursing Research throughout the United States and The Institute provides leadership for overseas, for clinical studies of specific nursing research, supports and conducts diseases and disorders. A certain research and training, and disseminates percentage of the patients are normal information to build a scientific base for volunteers, healthy persons who provide nursing practice and patient care and to an index of normal body functions promote health and ameliorate the against which to measure the abnormal. effects of illness on the American Normal volunteers come under varied people. sponsorship, such as colleges, civic groups, and religious organizations. For further information, call 301–496–0207.

For further information, call 301–496–3227. Division of Computer Research and Technology The Division conducts an Fogarty International Center The integrated research, development, and Center is dedicated to advancing the service program in computer-related health of the people of the United States physical and life sciences in support of and other nations through international Institute biomedical research programs. scientific cooperation. In pursuit of its For further information, call 301–496–5206. mission, the Center fosters biomedical research partnership between U.S. National Center for Research Resources scientists and foreign counterparts The National Center for Research through grants, fellowships, and Resources (NCRR) creates, develops, and international agreements, and provides provides a comprehensive range of 290 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL human, animal, technological, and other state-of-the-art automated information cost-effective, shared resources. NCRR systems for the NIH intramural and also funds a variety of investigator- extramural grant programs. The Division initiated research projects and training supports this mission by serving as the and career enhancement programs. central receipt point for all PHS NCRR’s intramural component provides competing grant applications, assigning NIH scientists with state-of-the-art all PHS applications to an appropriate bioengineering and instrumentation, initial review group for scientific and veterinary resources, and services such technical merit review and to the as the NIH Library and the Medical Arts awarding component for potential and Photography Branch. funding, providing the initial review of grant applications to the NIH through its For further information, call 301–435–0888. study sections consisting of experts in Division of Research Grants The scientific disciplines or current research Division’s mission is to provide areas, and providing staff support to the excellence in the scientific and technical Office of the Director, NIH, in the merit review of Public Health Service formulation of grant and award policies (PHS) grant applications for research and and procedures. research training support and to provide For further information, call 301–435–1111.

Program Support Center

[For the Program Support Center statement of The Center is comprised of the organization, see the Federal Register of November 15, 1995, 60 FR 57452] Administrative Operations Service, Financial Management Service, Human The Program Support Center is a self- Resources Service, and Information supported operating division within the Technology Service. Information may be Department with a unique mission to obtained from the following offices: provide administrative support services to HHS components and other Federal Administrative Operations Service. Phone, 301– 443–2516. agencies. The Center was created as a Financial Management Service. Phone, 301–443– business enterprise to provide services 1478. on a competitive fee-for-service basis to Human Resources Service. Phone, 301–443–1200. customers who wish to purchase the Information Technology Service. Phone, 301–443– services. 9343.

For further information, contact the Director of Marketing, Program Support Center, Department of Health and Human Services, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857. Phone, 301–443–1494.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

A reorganization order, signed by the The Administration provides national Secretary on October 31, 1995, leadership to ensure that knowledge, established the Substance Abuse and based on science and state-of-the-art Mental Health Services Administration practice, is effectively used for the (SAMHSA) as an operating division prevention and treatment of addictive within the Public Health Service of the and mental disorders. It strives to Department. improve access and reduce barriers to DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 291 high-quality, effective programs and rehabilitation networks, and the general services for individuals who suffer from public; and serves as a national authority or are at risk for these disorders, as well and resource for the development and as for their families and communities. analysis of information relating to the For further information, call 301–443–4795. prevention of substance abuse. In addition, the Center collaborates Center for Substance Abuse Prevention with, and encourages other Federal The Center provides a national focus for agencies, national foreign, international, the Federal effort to prevent alcohol and State, and local organizations to promote other drug abuse. In carrying out its substance abuse prevention activities; responsibility, the Center provides a provides and promotes the evaluation of national focus for the Federal effort to individual projects as well as overall demonstrate and promote effective programs; collaborates with the alcohol, strategies to prevent the abuse of alcohol drug abuse, mental health, and child and other drugs; develops, implements, development institutes of NIH on and reviews prevention and health services research issues as well as on promotion policy related to alcohol and other programmatic issues; conducts other drug abuse, analyzing the impact managed care activities and coordinates of Federal activities on State and local these activities within SAMHSA and governments and private program other HHS components; and provides a activities; administers grants, contracts, focus for addressing the substance abuse and cooperative agreements which prevention needs of individuals with support the development and application multiple, co-occurring drug, alcohol, of new knowledge in the substance mental, and physical problems. abuse prevention field; participates in For further information, call 301–443–0365. the application and dissemination of research demonstration findings on the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment prevention of substance abuse; fosters The principal function of the Center is to interagency and State prevention provide national leadership for the networks; develops and implements Federal effort to enhance approaches workplace prevention programs with and provide resources to ensure business and industry; and supports provision of services programs focusing training for substance abuse practitioners on the treatment of substance abuse and and other health professionals involved co-occurring physical and/or psychiatric in alcohol and drug abuse education, conditions. In carrying out this prevention, and early intervention. responsibility, the Center collaborates The Center also provides technical with States, communities, health care assistance to States and local authorities providers, and national organizations to and other national organizations and upgrade the quality of addiction groups in the planning, establishment, treatment, to improve the effectiveness of and maintenance of substance abuse substance treatment programs, and to prevention efforts; reviews and approves provide resources to ensure provision of and/or disapproves the State prevention services; provides a focus for addressing plans developed under the Substance the treatment of needs of individuals Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block with multiple, co-occurring drug, Grant Program authority; implements the alcohol, mental, and physical and co- tobacco regulations and other morbidity problems; administers grants, regulations as appropriate, and as they contracts, and cooperative agreements relate to Center programs; collects and which support the development and compiles substance abuse prevention application of new knowledge in the literature and other materials, and substance abuse treatment field; supports a clearinghouse to disseminate coordinates the evaluation of Center such materials among States, political programs; collaborates with the National subdivisions, educations agencies and Institute on Drug Abuse and the States to institutions, health and drug treatment/ promote development, dissemination, 292 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and application of treatment outcome supports technical assistance activities to standards; collaborates with the office of educate professionals, consumers, family the Administrator and other SAMHSA members, and communities and components in treatment data collection; promotes training efforts to enhance the administers programs for training of human resource necessary to support health and allied health care providers; mental health services; and collects data administers the Substance Abuse on the various forms of mental illness, Prevention and Treatment Block Grant Program including compliance reviews, including data on treatment programs, technical assistance to States, Territories, types of care provided, characteristics of and Indian Tribes, and application and those treated, national incidence and reporting requirements related to the prevalence, and such other data as may block grants programs; conducts be appropriate. managed care activities and coordinates The Center administers the Block these activities within SAMHSA and Grants for Community Mental Health other HHS components; and collaborates Services and other programs providing with the alcohol, drug abuse and mental direct assistance to States; collects, health institutes of NIH on services synthesizes, and disseminates mental research issues as well as on other programmatic issues. health information and research findings to the States, other governmental and For further information, call 301–443–5700. mental health-related organizations, and Center for Mental Health Services The the general public; coordinates and Center provides national leadership to plans administrative and budget ensure the application of scientifically functions within the Center; collaborates established findings and practice-based with other Federal agencies, State and knowledge in the prevention and local government, and the private sector treatment of mental disorders; to to improve the system of treatment and improve access, reduce barriers, and social welfare supports for seriously promote high-quality effective programs mentally ill adults and severely and services for people with or at risk for emotionally disturbed children and these disorders, as well as for their families and communities; and to adolescents; conducts activities to promote an improved state of mental promote advocacy, self-help, and mutual health within the Nation and the support and to ensure the legal rights of rehabilitation of people with mental mentally ill persons, including those in disorders. jails and prisons; cooperates with other To accomplish this, the Center Federal components to coordinate supports service and demonstration disaster assistance, community response, programs designed to improve access to and other mental health emergency care and improve the quality of services as a consequence of national treatment, rehabilitation, prevention, and disasters; collaborates with the alcohol, related services, especially for those drug abuse, and mental heath institutes traditionally unserved, underserved, or of NIH on services research issues as inappropriately serviced; identifies well as other programmatic issues; national mental goals and develops promotes the development, strategies to meet them; administers grants, contracts, and cooperative dissemination, and application of agreements which support the standards and best practices; and development and application of new provides a focus for addressing the knowledge in the mental health field; mental health needs of individuals with supports activities to improve the multiple, co-occurring drug, alcohol, administration, availability, organization, mental, and physical problems. and financing of mental health care, For further information, call 301–443–0001. including managed care activities; DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 293

Sources of Information

Office of the Secretary Public Health and Science Inquiries should be directed to the Assistant Unless otherwise indicated, inquiries on Secretary for Health, Room 716G. the following subjects may be directed Phone, 202–690–7694. to the specified office, Department of Health and Human Services, Humphrey Administration on Aging Building, 200 Independence Avenue Inquiries on the following subjects may SW., Washington, DC 20201. be directed to the specified office, Civil Rights For information on Department of Health and Human enforcement of civil rights laws, contact Services, Wilbur J. Cohen Building, 330 the Office for Civil Rights. Phone, 202– Independence Avenue SW., Washington, 863–0100 or 800–368–1019. TDD, 202– DC 20201. 863–0101 or 800–537–7697. Elder Care Locator For information Contracts and Small Business Activities concerning services available to elderly For information concerning programs, persons in any given community in the contact the Director, Office of Small and Nation, contact the Elder Care Locator. Disadvantaged Business Utilization. Phone, 800–677–1116. Phone, 202–690–7300. Employment Applications for Electronic Access Information employment and college recruitment concerning the Department is available programs should be directed to the electronically through the Internet, at Director, Office of Management, Room http://www.dhhs.gov/. 4644. Phone, 202–619–1557. Employment Inquiries regarding Locator For information about the applications for employment and the location and telephone numbers of college recruitment program should be Administration offices and programs, call directed to: Director, Human Resources 202–619–4541. Service, Program Support Center, 5600 National Aging Information Center Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857. Individuals seeking biographic data; Phone, 301–443–1200. practical material for planners/ Inspector General General inquiries practitioners; reports on demographic; may be directed to the Office of health, social, and economic status of Inspector General, Wilbur J. Cohen older Americans; specialized technical Building, 330 Independence Avenue reports on current aging issues; and SW., Washington, DC 20201. analytical reports on aging statistics Inspector General Hotline Individuals should contact the National Aging wishing to report fraud, waste, or abuse Information Center, Room 4656. Phone, against Department programs should 202–619–7501. Fax, 202–401–7620. write to: Office of Inspector General, TDD, 202–401–7575. E-mail, HHS–TIPS Hotline, P.O. Box 23489, [email protected]. L’Enfant Plaza Station, Washington, DC Public Inquiries/Publications Copies of 20026–3489. Phone (toll-free), 800– publications are available free of charge HHS–TIPS (800–447–8477). by contacting the Office of the Executive Locator Inquiries about the location Secretariat. Phone, 202–619–0724. Fax, and telephone numbers of HHS offices 202–260–1012. TDD, 202–401–7575. E- should be directed to: Information mail, aoaÐ[email protected]. Technology Service, HHS Locator, Room Internet, http://www.aoa.dhhs.gov/. G–644, Wilber J. Cohen Building, 330 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, Administration for Children and DC 20201. Phone, 202–619–0257. Families Publications Single copies of most General inquiries may be directed to the Office of Inspector General publications Administration for Children and Families, are available free of charge by calling Department of Health and Human the Office. Phone, 202–619–1142. Services, 370 L’Enfant Promenade SW., 294 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Washington, DC 20447. Phone, 202– Centers for Disease Control and 401–9200. Inquiries on the following Prevention subjects may be directed to the specified Inquiries on the following subjects may office. be directed to the office indicated at the Contracts Contact the Division of Centers for Disease Control and Acquisition Management, Office of Prevention, Department of Health and Program Support. Phone, 202–401– Human Services, 1600 Clifton Road NE., 5149. Atlanta, GA 30333. Employment Contact the Office of Employment The majority of scientific Human Resource Management, Fourth and technical positions are filled through Floor West, 370 L’Enfant Promenade the Commissioned Corps of the U.S. SW., Washington, DC 20447. Phone, Government. Inquiries may be addressed 202–401–9260. to the Human Resources Management Information Center Contact the Office Office (phone, 770–488–1725), or the of Public Affairs, Seventh Floor, 370 Division of Commissioned Personnel, L’Enfant Promenade SW., Washington, Room 4A–15, 5600 Fishers Lane, DC 20744. Phone, 202–401–9215. Rockville, MD 20857. Mental Retardation For information on Films Information concerning mental retardation programs, contact the availability of audiovisual materials President’s Committee on Mental related to program activities may be Retardation, Administration for Children obtained from the Office of Public and Families. Phone, 202–619–0634. Affairs. Phone, 404–639–3286. Publications Single copies of most Agency for Health Care Policy and publications are available free of charge Research from the Management Analysis and Inquiries on the following subjects may Services Office. Phone, 404–639–3534. be directed to the appropriate office at Bulk quantities of publications may be the Agency for Health Care Policy and purchased from the Superintendent of Research, Department of Health and Documents, Government Printing Office, Human Services, 2101 East Jefferson Washington, DC 20402. Street, Rockville, MD 20852. Food and Drug Administration Contracts Contact the Chief, Contracts Inquiries on the following subjects may Management Branch. Phone, 301–594– be directed to the specified office, Food 1445. and Drug Administration, Department of Employment Inquiries should be Health and Human Services, 5600 addressed to the Chief, Human Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857. Resources Management Staff. Phone, Consumer Activities Public Affairs 301–594–2408. Offices are located in a number of cities Grants Contact the Chief, Grants across the country, as listed in the table Management Branch. Phone, 301–594– which follows. Consumer phones in 1447. these same cities provide recorded Publications Single copies of most messages of interest to the consumer. publications produced by the Agency are The general FDA consumer phone available free of charge from the AHCPR number is 301–443–5006. Publications Clearinghouse, P.O. Box Contracts Contact the Director, Office 8547, Silver Spring, MD 20907. Phone, of Facilities, Acquisition, and Central 800–358–9295 (toll-free). Services (HFA–500). Phone, 301–443– Agency for Toxic Substances and 6890. Disease Registry Employment FDA uses various civil service examinations and registers in its Information regarding programs and recruitment for positions such as activities is available electronically consumer safety officers, through the Internet, at http:// pharmacologists, microbiologists, atsdr1.atsdr.cdc.gov:8080/. physiologists, chemists, mathematical DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 295 statisticians, physicians, dentists, animal Government Printing Office, caretakers, etc. Inquiries for positions in Washington, DC 20402. Phone, 202– the Washington, DC, metropolitan area 512–1800. should be directed to the Personnel Reading Rooms Freedom of Officer (HFA–400) (phone, 301–827– Information, Room 12A–30 (phone, 301– 4120); inquiries for positions outside the 443–1813); Hearing Clerk, Room 123, Washington, DC, area should be 12420 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD directed to the appropriate local FDA 20852 (phone, 301–443–1751); Press office. Schools interested in the college Office, Room 15A–07 or Room 3807, recruitment program should contact the FB–8, 200 C Street SW.., Washington, Personnel Officer (HFA–400) (phone, DC 20204 (phone, 301–443–3285). 301–827–4120). Speakers Speakers are available for Publications FDA Consumer, FDA’s presentations to private organizations official magazine, is available from the and community groups. Requests should Superintendent of Documents, be directed to the local FDA office. Public Affairs OfficesÐFood and Drug Administration

Office Address Telephone

Alameda, CA ...... 1431 Harbor Bay Pkwy., 94502 ...... 510±337±6888 Atlanta, GA ...... 60 8th St NE., 30309 ...... 404±347±7355 Baltimore, MD ...... 900 Madison Ave., 21201 ...... 410±962±3731 Boston, MA ...... One Montvale Ave., Stoneham, MA 02180 ...... 617±279±1675 Brooklyn, NY ...... 850 3d Ave., 11232 ...... 718±965±5300 Buffalo, NY ...... 599 Delaware Ave., 14202 ...... 716±551±4461 Chicago, IL ...... Suite 550, 300 S. Riverside Plz., 60606 ...... 312±353±5863 Cincinnati, OH ...... 1141 Central Pkwy., 45202±1097 ...... 513±684±3501 Cleveland, OH ...... P.O. Box 838, Brunswick, 44212 ...... 216±273±1038 Dallas, TX ...... 3210 Live Oak St., 75204 ...... 214±655±5315 Denver, CO ...... P.O. Box 25087, 80225±0087 ...... 303±236±3000 Detroit, MI ...... 1560 E. Jefferson Ave., 48207 ...... 313±226±6158 Houston, TX ...... Suite 420, 1445 N. Loop W., 77008 ...... 713±802±9095 Indianapolis, IN ...... Rm. 300, 101 N. Ohio St., 46204 ...... 317±226±6500 Irvine, CA ...... Suite 300, 19900 MacArthur Blvd., 92612 ...... 714±798±7607 Lenexa, KS ...... W. 11650 80th St., 66214 ...... 913±752±2141 Minneapolis, MN ...... 240 Hennepin Ave., 55401 ...... 612±334±4100 Nashville, TN ...... 297 Plus Park Blvd., 37217 ...... 615±781±5372 New Orleans, LA ...... 4298 Elysian Fields Ave., 70122 ...... 504±589±2420 Omaha, NE ...... 200 S. 16th St., 68102 ...... 402±331±8536 Orlando, FL ...... Suite 120, 7200 Lake Ellenor Dr., 32809 ...... 407±648±6922 Parsippany, NJ ...... 3d Fl., 10 Waterview Blvd., 07054 ...... 201±331±2926 Philadelphia, PA ...... Rm. 900, 2d and Chestnut Sts., 19106 ...... 215±597±4390 San Antonio, TX ...... Rm. 119, 10127 Morocco, 78216 ...... 210±229±4381 San Juan, PR ...... 466 Fernandez Juncos Ave., 00901±3223 ...... 809±729±6852 Seattle, WA ...... 22201 23d Dr. SE., Bothell, WA 98021±4421 ...... 206±483±4953 St. Louis, MO ...... 808 N. Collins Alley, 63143 ...... 314±645±1167

Health Care Financing Administration Employee Services. Phone, 410–786– Inquiries on the following subjects may 5501. For information on employment in be directed to the Health Care Financing a regional office, contact the Regional Administration, Department of Health Personnel Officer in the Office of the and Human Services, 7500 Security Regional Director for that region. Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21244–1850. Publications Contact the Distribution Contracts and Small Business Activities Management Branch, Division of Contact the Director, Research Contracts Printing and Distribution Services. and Grants Division. Phone, 410–786– Phone, 410–786–7892. 5157. Electronic Access Information on Health Resources and Services HCFA is available electronically through Administration the Internet, at http://www.hcfa.gov/. Inquiries on the following subjects Employment Inquiries should be should be directed to the specified addressed to the Office of Human office, Health Resources and Services Resources, Division of Staffing and Administration, Department of Health 296 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and Human Services, 5600 Fishers Lane, positions in the Washington, DC, Rockville, MD 20857. metropolitan area, employment inquiries Electronic Access Information on HRSA may be addressed to the Division of is available electronically through the Personnel Management, Office of Internet, at http://www.os.dhhs.gov/hrsa/. Human Resources, Room 4B–44. Phone, Employment The majority of positions 301–443–6520. Hiring in other parts of are in the Federal civil service. For the country is decentralized to the 12 positions in the Washington, DC, area offices. For specific area office metropolitan area and field locations addresses, see the U.S. Government throughout the Nation, inquiries may be listings in the commercial telephone addressed to the Division of Personnel, directories for Aberdeen, SD; Room 14A46. Phone, 301–443–5460. Albuquerque, NM; Anchorage, AK; TDD, 301–443–5278. For information Bemidji, MN; Billings, MT; Nashville, on vacant positions, call 301–443–1230. TN; Oklahoma City, OK; Phoenix, AZ; Some health professional positions are Portland, OR; Sacramento, CA; Tucson, filled through the Commissioned Corps AZ; and Window Rock, AZ. Some health of the Public Health Service, a professional positions are filled through uniformed service of the U.S. the Commissioned Corps of the Public Government. Inquiries may be addressed Health Service, a uniformed service of to Division of Commissioned Personnel, the U.S. Government. Inquiries may be Room 4A–15, 5600 Fishers Lane, addressed to the Division of Rockville, MD 20857. Commissioned Personnel, Room 4A–15, Films Information concerning the 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD availability of audiovisual materials 20857. Phone, 301–443–3464. related to program activities, including Publications Single copies of films for recruiting minorities into health publications describing the Indian Health professions and women into dentistry, is Service and the health status of available from the Office of American Indians and Alaska Natives are Communications. available free of charge from the Publications Single copies of most Communications Office, Room 6–35. publications are available free of charge Phone, 301–443–3593. from the Office of Communications, Room 14–45; the National Maternal and National Institutes of Health Child Health Clearinghouse (phone, Inquiries on the following subjects may 703–821–8955, Ext. 254); or the be directed to the office indicated at the National Clearinghouse for Primary Care National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Information (phone, 703–821–8955, Ext. MD 20892, or at the address given. 248. Fax, 703–821–2098). Bulk Contracts For information on research quantities of publications may be and development contracts, contact the purchased from the Superintendent of Office of Contracts Management. Phone, Documents, Government Printing Office, 301–496–4422. For all other contracts, Washington, DC 20402. contact the Office of Procurement Management. Phone, 301–496–2501. Indian Health Service Employment A wide range of civil Inquiries on the following subjects service examinations and registers are should be directed to the specified used. Staff fellowships are available to office, Indian Health Service, recent doctorates in biomedical sciences. Department of Health and Human College recruitment is conducted as Services, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, necessary to meet requirements. Contact MD 20857. the Office of Human Resource Electronic Access Information on IHS is Management. Phone, 301–496–2404. available electronically through the Environment Research on the Internet, at http://www.tucson.ihs.gov/. biological effects of chemical, physical, Employment The majority of positions and biological substances present in the are in the Federal civil service. For environment are conducted and DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 297 supported by the National Institute of Administrative Operations Service, Program Environmental Health Sciences, Research Support Center, Rockville, MD 20857. Phone, 301–443–2516. Triangle Park, NC 22709. Phone, 919– 541–2605. Financial Management Service, Program Support Center, Rockville, MD 20857. Phone, 301–443– Films Research and health–related films 1478. are available for loan from the National Human Resources Service, Program Support Library of Medicine, Collection Access Center, Rockville, MD 20857. Phone, 301–443– Section, Bethesda, MD 20984. Films are 1200. available for purchase from the National Information Technology Service, Program Support Audiovisual Center, General Services Center, Rockville, MD 20857. Phone, 301–443– Administration, Washington, DC 20409. 9343. Public Health Service Commissioned Officer Program For information on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Commissioned Officer programs at NIH Services Administration and the program for early commissioning Inquiries on the following subjects may of senior medical students in the Reserve be directed to the specified office, Corps of the Public Health Service, contact the Division of Senior Systems. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Phone, 301–496–1443. Services Administration, Department of Publications Publications, brochures, Health and Human Services, 5600 and reports on health and disease Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857. problems, medical research, and Contracts Contact the Director, biomedical communications, as well as Division of Contracts Management. single copies of the Journal of National Phone, 301–443–4980. Cancer Institute; Environmental Health Electronic Access Information is Perspectives; Scientific Directory and available electronically through the Annual Bibliography; and NLM— Internet, at http://www.samhsa.gov/. Medline (brochure) are available through Employment Inquiries should be the Division of Public Information, addressed to the Director, Division of Office of Communications, National Human Resources Management. Phone, Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 301–443–3408. 20892. Phone, 301–496–4461. NIH Publications List, Index Medicus, Grants Contact the Director, Division Cumulated Index Medicus Annual, and of Grants Management, Phone, 301– Research Grants Index may be ordered 443–8926. from the Government Printing Office, Publications The Office of Washington, DC 20402. Communications collects and compiles alcohol and drug abuse prevention Program Support Center literature and other materials, and General inquiries may be directed to the supports the Center for Substance Abuse Program Support Center, Department of Prevention national clearinghouse for Health and Human Services, 5600 alcohol and drug information and the Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857. Regional Alcohol and Drug Awareness Electronic Access Information is Resource Network to disseminate such available electronically through the materials among States, political Internet, at http//www.os.dhhs.gov/psc/. subdivisions, educational agencies and Employment Inquiries may be directed institutions, health and drug treatment to the following offices: and rehabilitation networks, and the Southwest Personnel Operations Division, Room 1040, Wilbur J. Cohen Building, Washington, DC general public. It also supports a 20201. Phone, 202–619–2560. clearinghouse to serve as a focal point Parklawn Personnel Operations Division, Room for information dissemination to meet 17–48, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857. the mental health service needs of Phone, 301–443–6900. professionals. Contact the Associate Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Room 4A–15, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857. Administrator for Communications. Phone, 301–594–3360. Phone, 301–443–8956. 298 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For further information concerning the Department of Health and Human Services, contact the Information Center, Department of Health and Human Services, 200 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20201. Phone, 202–619–0257. Internet, http://www.dhhs.gov/. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT 451 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20410 Phone, 202–708–1422

SECRETARY OF HOUSING AND URBAN ANDREW M. CUOMO DEVELOPMENT Chief of Staff MARGARET SULLIVAN Senior Adviser to the Secretary for JONATHAN COWAN Community Policy Special Adviser to the Secretary for Equal MARI BARR Employment Opportunity and Labor Management Assistant to the Secretary for Labor Relations (VACANCY) Director, Office of Executive Scheduling JACQUIE DYKE Director, Office of Special Actions ALVIN BROWN Director, Executive Secretariat PAT MORGAN Deputy Secretary DWIGHT P. ROBINSON Assistant to the Deputy Secretary for ALBERT M. MILLER, Acting Management Planning and Operations Assistant to the Deputy Secretary for Field JOHN E. WILSON Management Director, Office of Small and Disadvantaged CASIMIR BONKOWSKI Business Utilization Chair, HUD Board of Contract Appeals and DAVID T. ANDERSON Chief Administrative Judge Chief Administrative Law Judge ALAN W. HEIFETZ Assistant Secretary for Administration MARILYNN A. DAVIS Assistant Secretary for Community Planning (VACANCY) and Development General Deputy Assistant Secretary for HOWARD B. GLASER, Acting Office of General Counsel Assistant Secretary for Congressional and HAL C. DECELL III Intergovernmental Relations Assistant Secretary for Fair Housing and Equal SUSAN FORWARD, Acting Opportunity Assistant Secretary for Housing—Federal NICOLAS P. RETSINAS Housing Commissioner General Deputy Assistant Secretary STEPHANIE A. SMITH Associate General Deputy Assistant Secretary JAMES E. SCHOENBERGER Assistant Secretary for Policy Development and MICHAEL A. STEGMAN Research General Deputy Assistant Secretary LAWRENCE L. THOMPSON Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs SUSAN KING, Acting Assistant Secretary for Public and Indian KEVIN MARCHMAN, Acting Housing General Deputy Assistant Secretary MICHAEL B. JANIS Director, Office of Departmental Equal MARI BARR, Acting Employment Opportunity 299 300 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Deputy Director WILLIAM O. ANDERSON Director, Office of Departmental Operations FRANK L. DAVIS and Coordination Director, Office of Federal Housing Enterprise MARK A. KENSEY, Acting Oversight Director, Office of Lead Hazard Control DAVID E. JACOBS Chief Financial Officer WILLIAM DOBRZYKOWSKI, Acting Inspector General SUSAN M. GAFFNEY President, Government National Mortgage KEVIN G. CHAVERS Association Executive Vice President GEORGE S. ANDERSON

The Department of Housing and Urban Development is the principal Federal agency responsible for programs concerned with the Nation’s housing needs, fair housing opportunities, and improvement and development of the Nation’s communities.

The Department of Housing and Urban —promoting and enforcing fair Development (HUD) was established by housing and equal housing opportunity. the Department of Housing and Urban Development Act (42 U.S.C. 3532– Office of the Secretary 3537), effective November 9, 1965. It Secretary The Department is was created to: administered under the supervision and —administer the principal programs direction of a Cabinet-level Secretary that provide assistance for housing and who: for the development of the Nation’s —formulates recommendations for communities; basic policies in the fields of housing —encourage the solution of housing and community development; and community development problems —works with the Executive Office of through States and localities; and the President and other Federal agencies —encourage the maximum to ensure that economic and fiscal contributions that may be made by policies in housing and community vigorous private homebuilding and development are consistent with other mortgage lending industries, both economic and fiscal policies of the primary and secondary, to housing, Government; community development, and the —encourages private enterprise to national economy. serve as large a part of the Nation’s total Although HUD administers many housing and community development programs, its major functions may be needs as possible; grouped into six categories: —promotes the growth of cities and —insuring mortgages for single-family States and the efficient and effective use and multi-family dwellings, and of housing and community and extending loans for home improvement economic development resources by and for purchasing mobile homes; stimulating private sector initiatives, —channeling funds from investors into public/private sector partnerships, and the mortgage industry through the public entrepreneurship; Government National Mortgage —ensures equal access to housing and Association; affirmatively prevents discrimination in —making direct loans for construction housing; and or rehabilitation of housing projects for —provides general oversight, as the elderly and the handicapped; required by law, of the Federal National —providing Federal housing subsidies Mortgage Association. for low- and moderate-income families; —providing grants to States and Staff Offices communities for community Administrative Law Judges The Office development activities; and of Administrative Law Judges hears and DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT 301 FOR NATIONAL FOR FIELD PRESIDENT, MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT SECRETARY’S ASSISTANT TO THE REPRESENTATIVE ROCKY MOUNTAINS DEPUTY SECRETARY , FOR EQUAL DIRECTOR, ASSISTANT RELATIONS EMPLOYMENT SECRETARY’S OPPORTUNITY GREAT PLAINS DEPARTMENTAL SECRETARY FOR REPRESENTATIVE INTERGOVERNMENTAL CONGRESSIONAL AND FOR STAFF OFFICES HOUSING— BUSINESS UTILIZATION ASSISTANT SOUTHWEST SECRETARY’S OPERATIONS DIRECTOR FOR COMMISSIONER SECRETARY FOR DEPARTMENTAL REPRESENTATIVE SMALL AND DISADVANTAGED FEDERAL HOUSING ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES AND COORDINATION BOARD OF CONTRACT APPEALS FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD— MANAGING DIRECTOR EXTERNAL ORGANIZATION d d d d FOR FOR MIDWEST SECRETARY’S SECRETARY’S HAZARD CONTROL REPRESENTATIVE REPRESENTATIVE GENERAL COUNSEL DIRECTOR FOR LEAD NORTHWEST/ALASKA SECRETARY DEPUTY SECRETARY FOR FOR OFFICER GENERAL INSPECTOR CARIBBEAN SOUTHEAST/ SECRETARY’S SECRETARY’S PACIFIC/HAWAII CHIEF FINANCIAL REPRESENTATIVE REPRESENTATIVE FOR AFFAIRS ASSISTANT FOR PUBLIC ASSISTANT SECRETARY AND EQUAL MID-ATLANTIC SECRETARY’S FAIR HOUSING OPPORTUNITY SECRETARY FOR REPRESENTATIVE DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT THE SECRETARY LABOR RELATIONS SENIOR ADVISER TO DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF FEDERAL HOUSING ENTERPRISE OVERSIGHT ASSISTANT TO THE SECRETARY FOR FOR POLICY NEW YORK/ ASSISTANT ASSISTANT SECRETARY NEW JERSEY SECRETARY’S PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH FOR COMMUNITY SECRETARY FOR REPRESENTATIVE FOR FOR ASSISTANT PUBLIC AND ASSISTANT SECRETARY SECRETARY’S NEW ENGLAND INDIAN HOUSING SECRETARY FOR ADMINISTRATION REPRESENTATIVE 302 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL decides Federal housing discrimination oversees HUD’s small and cases under the Administrative disadvantaged set-aside contracting Procedure Act, as well as those arising activities and the minority business under departmental regulations. enterprise programs. HUD Board of Contract Appeals The Board issues binding decisions on all External Organization appeals of HUD actions in contracting, Federal Housing Finance Board An awarding grants, disciplining mortgagees, independent agency in the executive and offsetting tax refunds of people branch, the Board oversees the Federal indebted to HUD. Home Loan Banks to ensure that they Small and Disadvantaged Business carry out their housing finance mission, Utilization The Office of Small and remain adequately capitalized, and Disadvantaged Business Utilization operate in a safe and sound manner.

Program Areas

Community Planning and Development AIDS, emergency shelter grants, and safe The Office administers grant programs to havens; help communities plan and finance their —the John Heinz Neighborhood growth and development, increase their Development Program; capacity to govern, and provide shelter —community outreach partnerships; and services for homeless people. The —the Joint Community Development Office is responsible for implementing: Plan, assisting institutions of higher —Community Development Block education working in concert with State Grant (CDBG) programs for entitlement and local governments to undertake communities; State- and HUD- activities under the CDBG program; administered small cities programs; —community adjustment and Section 108 community development economic diversification planning grants; loan guarantees; special purpose grants —the Uniform Relocation Assistance for insular areas, historically black and Real Property Acquisition Policies colleges and universities, and technical Act of 1970; assistance; and Appalachian Regional —the YouthBuild Program, which Commission grants; provides opportunities and assistance to —Home Investment in Affordable very low income high school dropouts, Housing (HOME), which provides ages 16–24; Federal assistance for use by —the Consolidated Plan; —empowerment zones and enterprise participating jurisdictions or Indian tribes communities; for housing rehabilitation, tenant-based —efforts to improve the environment, assistance, assistance to first-time pursuant to the National Environmental homebuyers, and new construction Policy Act of 1969 and related statutes when a jurisdiction is determined to and Executive orders; and need new rental housing; —community planning and —the Department’s programs to development efforts with other address homelessness, including the departments and agencies, public and supportive housing program (transitional private organizations, private industry, housing and permanent housing financial markets, and international components), supplemental assistance organizations. for facilities to assist the homeless (SAFAH), shelter plus care, surplus For further information, contact the Office of Community Planning and Development. Phone, property for use to assist the homeless, 202–708–2690. Section 8 moderate rehabilitation single room occupancy (SRO) program, Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity housing opportunities for persons with The Office administers: DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT 303

—fair housing laws and regulations securities market into the mortgage prohibiting discrimination in public and market. private housing on the basis of race, For further information, contact the Government color, religion, sex, national origin, National Mortgage Association. Phone, 202–708– handicap, or familial status; 0926. —equal opportunity laws and regulations prohibiting discrimination in Housing The Office of Housing is HUD-assisted housing and community responsible for the Department’s housing development programs on the basis of functions and oversees aid for race, handicap, sex, age, or national construction and financing of new and origin; rehabilitated housing and for —the Fair Housing Assistance grants preservation of existing housing. The program to provide financial and Office: technical assistance to State and local — underwrites single-family, multi- government agencies to implement local family, property improvement, and fair housing laws and ordinances; and manufactured home loans; —the Community Housing Resources —administers special purpose Boards (CHRB’s) program to provide programs designed specifically for the grants for fair housing activities such as elderly, the handicapped, and the outreach and education, identification of chronically mentally ill; institutional barriers to fair housing, and —administers assisted housing complaint telephone hotlines. programs for low-income families who are experiencing difficulties affording For further information, contact the Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity. Phone, 202–708– standard housing; 4252. —administers grants to fund resident ownership of multifamily house Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight properties; and The Office oversees the financial safety —protects consumers against and soundness of the Federal National fraudulent practices of land developers Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and and promoters. the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) to ensure that For further information, contact the Office of they are adequately capitalized and Housing. Phone, 202–708–3600. operating safely. Lead Hazard Control The Office is For further information, contact the Office of responsible for lead hazard control Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight. Phone, 202– policy development, abatement, training, 414–3800. regulations, and research. Activities of Government National Mortgage the Office include: Association (GNMA) The mission of —increasing public and building this Government corporation, also industry awareness of the dangers of known as Ginnie Mae, is to support lead-based paint poisoning and the expanded affordable housing by options for detection, risk reduction, and providing an efficient Government- abatement; guaranteed secondary market vehicle to —encouraging the development of link the capital markets with Federal safer, more effective, and less costly housing markets. Ginnie Mae guarantees methods for detection, risk reduction, mortgage-backed securities composed of and abatement; and FHA-insured or VA-guaranteed mortgage —encouraging State and local loans that are issued by private lenders governments to develop lead-based paint and guaranteed by GNMA with the full programs covering primary prevention, faith and credit of the United States. including public education; contractor Through these programs, Ginnie Mae certification; hazard reduction; financing; increases the overall supply of credit and enforcement. available for housing by providing a For further information, contact the Office of Lead vehicle for channeling funds from the Hazard Control. Phone, 202–755–1785. 304 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Policy Development and Research The —provides operating subsidies for Office supervises the Department’s public housing agencies (PHA’s) and research activities and the development Indian housing authorities (IHA’s), of its policies and is responsible for including procedures for reviewing the experimental housing and technical management of public housing agencies; studies. The Office: —administers the comprehensive —develops a research agenda to improvement assistance and reflect the overall policy needs of the comprehensive grant programs for Department; modernization of low-income housing —performs background analyses, projects to upgrade living conditions, studies, and priority assessments correct physical deficiencies, and concerning housing and community achieve operating efficiency and development issues; economy; —provides economic analyses and recommendations, performs housing and —administers the Resident Initiatives financial market research, and designs Program for resident participation, and monitors housing-related data series; resident management, homeownership, —evaluates existing and proposed economic development and supportive HUD programs; services, and drug-free neighborhood —analyzes the adequacy of existing programs; and proposed program information —protects tenants from the hazards of systems to provide timely and relevant lead-based paint poisoning by requiring information; PHA’s and IHA’s to comply with HUD —provides technical and analytical regulations for the testing and removal of assistance to program Assistant lead-based paint from low-income Secretaries; housing units; —evaluates new housing and —implements and monitors program construction materials and techniques requirements related to program and encourages use of new technologies; eligibility and admission of families to —supports the Secretary in carrying public and assisted housing, and tenant out responsibilities for Federal National income and rent requirements pertaining Mortgage Association and Federal Home to continued occupancy; Loan Mortgage Corporation regulations; —manages research contracts, —administers the HOPE VI and cooperative agreements, and grants; and vacancy reduction programs; —administers the Office of University —administers the Section 8 voucher Partnerships and oversees grants and certificate programs and the awarded for the community Moderate Rehabilitation program; development work study, joint —coordinates all departmental community development, and housing and community development community outreach programs. programs for Indian and Alaskan For further information, contact the Office of Natives; and Policy Development and Research. Phone, 202– —awards grants to PHA’s and IHA’s 708–1600. for the construction, acquisition, and Public and Indian Housing The Office: operation of public and Indian housing —administers public and Indian projects, giving priority to projects for housing programs, including rental and larger families (3 or more bedrooms) and homeownership programs, and provides acquisition of existing units (as opposed technical and financial assistance in to new construction).. planning, developing, and managing For further information, contact the Office of low-income projects; Public and Indian Housing. Phone, 202–708–0950. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT 305 Field Structure

The field offices of the Department have management of the offices within the boundaries prescribed by the Secretary. prescribed area. Each field office is headed by a For information concerning the Secretary’s Representative, who is detailed jurisdiction of an office, contact responsible to the Secretary for the the nearest area office. Regional OfficesÐDepartment of Housing and Urban Development

Secretary's Representa- Region Address tive Telephone

New England Rm. 375, 10 Causeway St., Boston, MA 02222± Mary Lou K. Crane 617±565±5234 1092 New York/New Jersey 26 Federal Plz., New York, NY 10278±0068 Maxine F. Griffith 212±264±6500 Mid-Atlantic 100 Penn Sq. E., Philadelphia, PA 19107±3380 Karen A. Miller 215±656±0500 Southeast/Caribbean 75 Spring St. SW., Atlanta, GA 30303±3388 Davey L. Gibson 404±331±5136 Midwest 77 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, IL 60604±3507 Edwin W. Eisendrath 312±353±5680 Southwest P.O. Box 2905, Fort Worth, TX 76113±2905 Stephen R. Weatherford 817±885±5401 Great Plains Rm. 200, 400 State Ave., Kansas City, KS Michael L. Tramontina 913±551±5462 66106±2406 Rocky Mountains 1st Interstate Twr. N., 633 17th St., Denver, CO Anthony J. Hernandez 303±672±5440 80202±3607 Pacific/Hawaii P.O. Box 36003, 450 Golden Gate Ave., San Arthur C. Agnos 415±436±6532 Francisco, CA 94102±3448 Northwest/Alaska Suite 200, 909 1st Ave., Seattle, WA 98104± Robert N. Santos 206±220±5101 1000

Sources of Information

Inquiries on the following subjects Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC should be directed to the nearest 20410. regional office or to the specified HUD Hotline The Hotline is headquarters office, U.S. Department of maintained by the Office of the Inspector Housing and Urban Development, 451 General as a means for individuals to Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC report activities involving fraud, waste, 20410. Phone, 202–708–1112. TDD, or mismanagement. Phone, 202–708– 202–708–1455. 4200, or 800–347–3735 (toll-free). TDD, Contracts Contact the Contracting 202–708–2451. Division. Phone, 202–708–1290. Program Information Center The Directory Locator Phone, 202–708– Center provides viewing facilities for 1112. TDD, 202–708–1455. information regarding departmental Employment Inquiries and applications activities and functions and publications should be directed to the headquarters and other literature to headquarters Office of Personnel (phone, 202–708– visitors. Phone, 202–708–1420. 0408); or the Personnel Division at the Property Disposition For single family nearest HUD regional office. properties, contact the Property Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Disposition Division (phone, 202–708– Requests Persons interested in 0740); or the Chief Property Officer at inspecting documents or records under the nearest HUD regional office. For the Freedom of Information Act should multifamily properties, contact the contact the Freedom of Information Property Disposition Division (phone, Officer. Phone, 202–708–3054. Written 202–708–3343); or the Regional requests should be directed to the Housing Director at the nearest HUD Director, Executive Secretariat, U.S. regional office. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Room 10139, 451 306 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 451 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20410. Phone, 202–708–0980. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1849 C Street NW., Washington, DC 20240 Phone, 202–208–3171

SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT Deputy Secretary JOHN R. GARAMENDI Chief of Staff ANNE H. SHIELDS Deputy Chief of Staff SUSAN K. RIEFF Special Trustee for American Indians PAUL N. HOMAN Director of Congressional and Legislative MELANIE BELLER Affairs Special Assistant and Counselor to the JAMES H. PIPKIN Secretary Special Assistant to the Secretary and White ROBERT K. HATTOY House Liaison Science Adviser to the Secretary WILLIAM BROWN Director, Office of Communications MICHAEL GAULDIN Director of Intergovernmental Affairs PADDY MCGUIRE Special Assistant to the Secretary and JULIE FALKNER Director, Executive Secretariat Special Assistant to the Secretary for Alaska DEBORAH L. WILLIAMS Solicitor JOHN D. LESHY Deputy Solicitor EDWARD B. COHEN Associate Solicitor (Administration) ROBERT S. MORE Associate Solicitor (Conservation and ROBERT L. BAUM Wildlife) Associate Solicitor (Land and Water (VACANCY) Resources) Associate Solicitor (General Law) (VACANCY) Associate Solicitor (Indian Affairs) ROBERT T. ANDERSON Associate Solicitor (Mineral Resources) KAY HENRY Inspector General WILMA A. LEWIS Deputy Inspector General (VACANCY) Assistant Inspector General (Administration) SHARON D. ELLER Assistant Inspector General (Audits) ROBERT J. WILLIAMS Assistant Inspector General (Investigations) JOHN R. SINCLAIR General Counsel RICHARD N. REBACK Assistant Secretary—Water and Science PATRICIA J. BENEKE Deputy Assistant Secretary MARK SCHAEFER Director, U.S. Geological Survey GORDON P. EATON Commissioner, Bureau of Reclamation ELUID L. MARTINEZ Assistant Secretary—Fish and Wildlife and (VACANCY) Parks Deputy Assistant Secretary DONALD J. BARRY Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (VACANCY) Director, National Park Service (VACANCY) Assistant Secretary—Indian Affairs ADA E. DEER Deputy Assistant Secretary MICHAEL J. ANDERSON Commissioner of Indian Affairs (VACANCY) 307 308 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Deputy Commissioner of Indian Affairs HILDA MANUEL Assistant Secretary—Land and Minerals ROBERT L. ARMSTRONG Management Deputy Assistant Secretary SYLVIA V. BACA Director, Minerals Management Service CYNTHIA L. QUARTERMAN Director, Bureau of Land Management (VACANCY) Director, Office of Surface Mining (VACANCY) Reclamation and Enforcement Assistant Secretary—Policy, Management, and BONNIE R. COHEN Budget Director, Office of Hearings and Appeals BARRY E. HILL Director, Office of Small and Disadvantaged (VACANCY) Business Utilization Deputy Assistant Secretary for Human (VACANCY) Resources Director, Office for Equal Opportunity E. MELODEE STITH Director, Office of National Service and DOLORES L. CHACON Educational Partnerships Director, Office of Personnel Policy CAROLYN J. COHEN Director, Ethics Staff GABRIELE J. PAONE Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy and BROOKS B. YEAGER International Affairs Director, Office of Environmental Policy and WILLIE R. TAYLOR Compliance Director, Office of Policy Analysis (VACANCY) Director, Office of Insular Affairs (VACANCY) Director, Office of Managing Risk and L. MICHAEL KAAS Public Safety Director of Planning and Performance JODY Z. KUSEK Management Deputy Assistant Secretary for Budget and ROBERT J. LAMB Finance Director, Office of Acquisition and Property PAUL A. DENETT Management Director, Office of Budget MARY ANN LAWLER Director, Office of Financial Management R. SCHUYLER LESHER Director, Office of Information Resources (VACANCY) Management Chief Executive Officer, Interior Service Center CLAUDIA P. SCHECHTER Director, Office of Aircraft Services ELMER J. HURD

The mission of the Department of the Interior is to protect and provide access to our Nation’s natural and cultural heritage and honor our trust responsibilities to tribes. The Department manages the Nation’s public lands and minerals, national parks, national wildlife refuges, and western water resources and upholds Federal trust responsibilities to Indian tribes. It is responsible for migratory wildlife conservation; historic preservation; endangered species; surface-mined lands protection and restoration; mapping; and geological, hydrological, and biological science.

The Department of the Interior was the Patent Office. It was reorganized by created by act of March 3, 1849 (43 Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1950, as U.S.C. 1451), which transferred to it the amended (5 U.S.C. app.). General Land Office, the Office of Over the years, other functions have Indian Affairs, the Pension Office, and been added and removed, so that its role DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 309 BUREAU OF RECLAMATION WATER AND SCIENCE ASSISTANT SECRETARY SURVEY U.S. GEOLOGICAL SOLICITOR TRUSTEE FOR AMERICAN INDIANS OFFICE OF SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL SERVICE MINERALS MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF RECLAMATION MANAGEMENT SURFACE MINING AND ENFORCEMENT LAND AND MINERALS ASSISTANT SECRETARY LAND BUREAU OF MANAGEMENT SECRETARY DEPUTY SECRETARY DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS OFFICE OF SMALL INDIAN AFFAIRS AND DISADVANTAGED ASSISTANT SECRETARY BUSINESS UTILIZATION BUDGET AND EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS COMMUNICATIONS ASSISTANT SECRETARY ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÐ CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER POLICY, MANAGEMENT, AND SERVICE U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE AND APPEALS OFFICE OF HEARINGS AND PARKS FISH AND WILDLIFE ASSISTANT SECRETARY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 310 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL has changed from that of general Outer Continental Shelf to the outer housekeeper for the Federal Government limits of the United States economic to that of custodian of the Nation’s jurisdiction; minerals operations natural resources. management on Indian lands; surface mining reclamation and enforcement Office of the Secretary functions; and management of revenues Secretary The Secretary of the Interior from Federal and Indian mineral leases. reports directly to the President and is The Office exercises Secretarial direction responsible for the direction and and supervision over the Bureau of Land supervision of all operations and Management, the Minerals Management activities of the Department. The Office Service, and the Office of Surface of the Secretary includes the offices of Mining Reclamation and Enforcement. Deputy Secretary, the Assistant Indian Affairs The Office of the Secretaries, the Special Trustee for Assistant Secretary (Indian Affairs) has American Indians, the Solicitor, and the responsibility for activities pertaining to Inspector General. Some areas where Indians and Indian affairs, including: public purposes are broadly applied —providing the Secretary with include: detailed and objective advice on matters Fish and Wildlife and Parks The Office involving Indians and Indian affairs; of the Assistant Secretary (Fish and —identifying and acting on issues Wildlife and Parks) has responsibility for affecting Indian policy and programs; programs associated with conservation in —establishing policy on Indian affairs; the use of natural and cultural resources, —maintaining liaison and and the enhancement and protection of coordination between the Department fish, wildlife, vegetation, and habitat. and other Federal agencies that provide The Office represents the Department in services or funding to Indians; the coordination of marine —representing the Department in environmental quality and biological transactions with Congress; resources programs with other Federal —monitoring and evaluating ongoing agencies. It also exercises Secretarial activities related to Indian affairs; and direction and supervision over the —providing leadership in special United States Fish and Wildlife Service assignments and projects for the and the National Park Service. Secretary. Water and Science The Office of the Policy, Management, and Budget The Assistant Secretary (Water and Science) Office of the Assistant Secretary (Policy, carries out the statutory mandate to Management, and Budget) has manage and direct programs that support responsibility for all phases of the development and implementation of management, budget, and other water, mineral, and science policies and administrative activities. The Assistant assist the development of economically Secretary serves as the principal policy and environmentally sound resource adviser to the Secretary and is the activities. It oversees the programs of the Department’s Chief Financial Officer. Bureau of Reclamation and the United For further information, contact the Office of the States Geological Survey. It also provides Assistant Secretary (Policy, Management, and advice on Earth science matters to the Budget). Internet, http://www.usgs.gov/doi/policy- Secretary and represents the Department management-budget.html in interagency efforts on a range of scientific issues. Office of the Solicitor Land and Minerals Management The The Office of the Solicitor performs all of Office of the Assistant Secretary (Land the legal work of the Department with and Minerals Management) has the exception of that performed by the responsibility for programs associated Office of Hearings and Appeals, the with public land management; Office of Congressional and Legislative operations management and leasing for Affairs, and the Office of Inspector minerals on public lands, including the General. The Solicitor is the principal DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 311 legal adviser to the Secretary and the involving programs (other than minerals- chief law officer of the Department. related) of the Assistant Secretary for The headquarters office, located in Land and Minerals Management, the Washington, DC, consists of six Assistant Secretary for Water and divisions: Science, the Bureau of Reclamation, and The Division of Conservation and the Bureau of Land Management. Wildlife is responsible for legal matters involving the programs of the Assistant The Division of Mineral Resources is Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and responsible for legal matters involving Parks, the Assistant Secretary for Water minerals-related programs of the and Science, the Fish and Wildlife Assistant Secretary for Land and Minerals Service, the National Park Service, and Management, the Bureau of Land the Biological Research Division of the Management, the Geological Survey, the Geological Survey. Minerals Management Service, and the The Division of General Law is Office of Surface Mining Reclamation responsible for general administrative and Enforcement. law and legal matters involving programs The Division of Administration is of the Office of the Secretary, the responsible for administrative and Assistant Secretary for Policy, Management, and Budget, and the information support services for the Office of Equal Opportunity. Office of the Solicitor. The Division of Indian Affairs is The field organization of the Office is responsible for legal matters involving divided into seven regions, each headed programs of the Assistant Secretary for by a Regional Solicitor. Indian Affairs and the Bureau of Indian For further information, contact the Associate Affairs. Solicitor for Administration, Office of the Solicitor, The Division of Land and Water Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240. Resources is responsible for legal matters Phone, 202–208–6115. Regional OfficesÐOffice of the Solicitor

Region Address Telephone

ALASKAÐAK Suite 300, 4230 University Dr., Anchorage, 907±271±4131 AK 99508±4626 NORTHEASTÐCT, DE, IL, IN, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, NH, Suite 612, 1 Gateway Ctr., Newton Corner, 617±527±3400 NJ, NY, ND, OH, PA, RI, SD, VT, VA, WV, WI MA 02158±2802 PACIFIC NORTHWESTÐID, MT, OR, WA Suite 607, 500 NE. Multnomah St., Portland, 503±231±2125 OR 97232 PACIFIC SOUTHWESTÐAZ, CA, HI, NV, Pacific islands, Rm. W±2215, 2800 Cottage Way, Sac- 916±979±2141 UT ramento, CA 95825±1890 ROCKY MOUNTAINÐCO, IA, KS, MO, NE, WY Rm. 151, 755 Parfet St., Lakewood, CO 303±231±5353 80215 SOUTHEASTÐAL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, NC, PR, SC, Suite 304, 75 Spring St. SW., Atlanta, GA 404±331±5504 TN, VI 30303 SOUTHWESTÐNavajo Reservation, NM, OK, TX Suite 200, 2400 Louisiana Blvd. NE., Albu- 505±883±6700 querque, NM 87110±4316

Office of Special Trustee for responsibility for trust monies of Indian American Indians tribes and individual Indians. The Office of Special Trustee for For further information, contact the Office of the Special Trustee, Department of the Interior, American Indians oversees Indian trust Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 202–208–4866. asset reform efforts departmentwide to ensure the establishment of policies, Office of Inspector General procedures, systems, and practices to allow the Secretary to effectively The Office of Inspector General discharge his trust responsibilities. The conducts, supervises, and coordinates all Special Trustee has authority over and audits, investigations, relations with other Federal, State, and local 312 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL government agencies, and other selected expenditures, and property pursuant to activities designed to promote economy the Insular Areas Act of 1982 (48 U.S.C. and efficiency and to prevent and detect 1422). Additional audit responsibilities fraud, waste, and abuse. are performed by the Inspector General In the insular areas of Guam, in the Federated States of Micronesia, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Office performs the the Republic of Palau pursuant to the functions of government comptroller Compact of Free Association Act of 1985 through audits of revenues, receipts, (Public Law 99–239). Regional OfficesÐOffice of Inspector General (A: Audits; I: Investigations)

Region/Headquarters Address Telephone

EASTERN: Arlington, VA (A) ...... Suite 425, 1550 Wilson Blvd., 22209 ...... 703±235±9231 Arlington, VA (I) ...... Suite 402, 1550 Wilson Blvd., 22209 ...... 703±235±9221 CENTRAL: Lakewood, CO (A) ...... Suite 510, 134 Union Blvd., 80228 ...... 303±236±9243 WESTERN: Sacramento, CA (A) ...... Rm. W2400, 2800 Cottage Way, 95825 ...... 916±979±2700 Lakewood, CO (I) ...... Suite 540, 134 Union Blvd., 80228 ...... 303±236±8296 CARIBBEAN: St. Thomas, VI (A) ...... Rm. 207, Federal Bldg., Veterans Dr., 00802 ...... 809±774±8300 NORTH PACIFIC: Agana, GU (A) ...... Suite 807, 238 Archbishop F.C. Flores St., 96910 ...... 700±550±7279

For further information, contact the Office of Inspector General, Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 202–208–4599. Internet, http://www.access.gpo.gov/doi/.

Office of Hearings and Appeals The Office includes the headquarters organization and eight field offices for The Office of Hearings and Appeals is administrative law judges. responsible for departmental quasi- For further information, contact the Office of judicial and related functions. Hearings and Appeals, Department of the Interior, Administrative law judges and three 4015 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22203. formal boards of appeal render decisions Phone, 703–235–3810. in cases pertaining to contract disputes; Indian probate and administrative Office of Insular Affairs appeals; public and acquired lands and The Office of Insular Affairs carries out their resources; submerged offshore the Department’s responsibility to help lands of the Outer Continental Shelf; coordinate Federal policy for the surface coal mining control and territories of American Samoa, Guam, reclamation; claims under the Alaska the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Native Claims Settlement Act; and Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana enforcement of the importation and Islands, and oversee Federal programs transportation of rare and endangered and funds in the freely associated states species. The Director of the Office of of the Federal States of Micronesia, the Hearings and Appeals may assign Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the administrative law judges or other Republic of Palau. The mission of the officials from the Office of Hearings and Office is to build mutually beneficial Appeals for the purpose of holding partnerships and provide financial and rulemaking hearings and may also assign technical assistance to help insular administrative law judges or establish ad governments attain locally determined hoc boards of appeal to meet special economic, social, and political goals. requirements of disputes not falling The insular areas now have popularly under one of the previously listed elected executive and legislative categories. Board decisions are final for branches of government and administer the Department. their own affairs. The Office of Insular DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 313

Affairs provides financial and technical issues as they relate to the unique assistance to the insular governments Federal relationship with the islands. and analyzes economic and political For further information, contact the Office of Insular Affairs, Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 202-208-6816. Internet, http://www.usgs.gov/doi/oia/oia.html.

Bureaus United States Fish and Wildlife The Service is composed of a Service headquarters office in Washington, DC, seven regional offices, and a variety of [For the United States Fish and Wildlife Service statement of organization, see the Code of Federal field units and installations. These Regulations, Title 50, Subchapter A, Part 2] include more than 500 national wildlife refuges and 37 wetland management The United States Fish and Wildlife districts totaling more than 92 million Service’s national responsibility in the acres; 65 national fish hatcheries; and a service of fish, wildlife, and people nationwide network of wildlife law spans more than 120 years to the enforcement agents. establishment in 1871 of a predecessor The United States Fish and Wildlife agency, the Bureau of Fisheries. First Service is responsible for migratory birds, created as an independent agency, the endangered species, certain marine Bureau of Fisheries was later placed in mammals, and inland sport fisheries. Its the Department of Commerce. A second mission is to conserve, protect, and predecessor agency, the Bureau of enhance fish and wildlife and their Biological Survey, was established in habitats for the continuing benefit of the 1885 in the Department of Agriculture. American people. Within this In 1939 the two Bureaus and their framework, the Service strives to foster functions were transferred to the an environmental stewardship ethic Department of the Interior. They were based on ecological principles and consolidated into one agency and scientific knowledge of wildlife; works redesignated the Fish and Wildlife with the States to improve the Service in 1940 by Reorganization Plan conservation and management of the III (5 U.S.C. app.). Nation’s fish and wildlife resources; and Further reorganization came in 1956 administers a national program providing when the Fish and Wildlife Act (16 opportunities to the American public to U.S.C. 742a) created the United States understand, appreciate, and wisely use Fish and Wildlife Service and provided these resources. In the area of resource management, for it to replace and succeed the former the Service provides leadership for the Fish and Wildlife Service. The Act protection and improvement of land and established two Bureaus within the new water environments (habitat Service: the Bureau of Commercial preservation), which directly benefits the Fisheries and the Bureau of Sport living natural resources and adds quality Fisheries and Wildlife. to human life. Activities include: In 1970, under Reorganization Plans 3 —surveillance of pesticides, heavy and 4 (5 U.S.C. app.), the Bureau of metals, and other contaminants; Commercial Fisheries was transferred to —studies of fish and wildlife the Department of Commerce. The populations; Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, —ecological studies; which remained in Interior, was —environmental impact assessment, renamed by an act of Congress in April including hydroelectric dams, nuclear 1974 (16 U.S.C. 742b) as the United power sites, stream channelization, and States Fish and Wildlife Service. dredge-and-fill permits; and 314 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

—environmental impact statement The Service provides national and review. international leadership in identifying, The Service is responsible for protecting, and restoring endangered improving and maintaining fish and species of fish, wildlife, and plants. This wildlife resources by proper program includes: management of wildlife and habitat. It —developing the Federal Endangered also helps fulfill the public demand for and Threatened Species List, conducting recreational fishing while maintaining status surveys, preparing recovery plans, the Nation’s fisheries at a level and in a and coordinating efforts nationally and condition that will ensure their internationally; continued survival. Specific wildlife and —operating national wildlife refuges; fishery resources programs include: —law enforcement; —migratory birds: wildlife refuge —foreign importation enforcement; management for production, migration, and and wintering; law enforcement; game; —consultation with foreign countries. and bird population, production, and harvest surveys; Public use and information programs —mammals and nonmigratory birds: include preparing leaflets and brochures; refuge management of resident species, operating environmental study areas on law enforcement, protection of certain Service lands; operating visitor centers, marine mammals, and technical self-guided nature trails, observation assistance; towers, and display ponds; and —coastal anadromous fish: hatchery providing recreational activities such as production and stocking; hunting, fishing, and wildlife —Great Lakes fisheries: hatchery photography. production of lake trout and fishery The Service’s Federal aid programs management in cooperation with apportion funds generated by excise Canada and the States; and taxes on sporting arms and equipment to —other inland fisheries: hatchery the States and territories for projects production and stocking of Indian lands, designed to conserve and enhance the and technical assistance. Nation’s fish and wildlife resources. Regional OfficesÐUnited States Fish and Wildlife Service

Region Address Telephone

ALBUQUERQUEÐAZ, NM, OK, TX P.O. Box 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103 505±248±6900 ANCHORAGEÐAK 1011 E. Tudor Rd., Anchorage, AK 99503 907±786±3542 ATLANTAÐAL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, NC, PR, SC, TN, 1875 Century Blvd., Atlanta, GA 30345 404±679±4000 VI HADLEYÐCT, DE, ME, MA, MD, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT, 300 Westgate Ctr. Dr., Hadley, MA 01035± 413±253±8200 VA, WV 9589 DENVERÐCO, KS, MT, NE, ND, SD, UT, WY P.O. Box 25486, Denver, CO 80225 303±236±7920 PORTLANDÐCA, HI, ID, NV, OR, WA, Pacific Islands 911 NE. 11th Ave., Portland, OR 97232± 503±231±6118 4181 TWIN CITIESÐIL, IN, IA, MI, MN, MO, OH, WI Federal Bldg., Ft. Snelling, Twin Cities, MN 612±725±3500 55111

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 202–208–5634. Internet, http://www.fws.gov/.

National Park Service National Park System for the enjoyment, The National Park Service was education, and inspiration of this and established in the Department of the future generations. There are more than Interior on August 25, 1916 (16 U.S.C. 370 units in the National Park System, 1). including national parks and The National Park Service is dedicated monuments; scenic parkways, preserves, to conserving unimpaired the natural trails, riverways, seashores, lakeshores, and cultural resources and values of the and recreation areas; and historic sites DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 315 associated with important movements, campgrounds and other visitor facilities events, and personalities of the American and provides—usually through past. concessions—lodging, food, and The National Park Service has a transportation services in many areas. Service Center in Denver that provides The National Park Service also planning, architectural, engineering, and administers the following programs: the other professional services. The Service State portion of the Land and Water is also responsible for managing a great Conservation Fund, Nationwide Outdoor variety of national and international Recreation coordination and information programs designed to help extend the and State comprehensive outdoor benefits of natural and cultural resource recreation planning, planning and conservation and outdoor recreation technical assistance for the National throughout this country and the world. Wild and Scenic Rivers System, and the Activities The National Park Service National Trails System, natural area develops and implements park programs, the National Register of management plans and staffs the areas Historic Places, national historic under its administration. It relates the landmarks, historic preservation, natural values and historical significance technical preservation services, Historic of these areas to the public through American Buildings Survey, Historic talks, tours, films, exhibits, publications, American Engineering Record, and and other interpretive media. It operates interagency archeological services. Field Area OfficesÐNational Park Service

Field Area Address Telephone

ALASKAÐAK Rm. 107, 2525 Gambell St., Anchorage, AK 907±257±2690 99503±2892 INTERMOUNTAINÐAZ, CO, MT, NM, OK, TX, UT, WY P.O. Box 25287, 12795 W. Alameda Pkwy., 303±969±2504 Denver, CO 80225±0287 MIDWESTÐAR, IL, IN, IA, KS, MI, MN, MO, ND, NE, OH, 1709 Jackson St., Omaha, NE 68102 402±221±3431 SD, WI NATIONAL CAPITALÐWashington, DC, and nearby MD, 1100 Ohio Dr. SW., Washington, DC 20242 202±619±7222 VA, and WV NORTHEASTÐCT, DE, ME, MA, MD, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, Rm. 306, 200 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 215±597±7013 VT, VA, WV 19106 PACIFIC WESTÐCA, HI, ID, NV, OR, WA Suite 600, 600 Harrison St., San Francisco, 415±744±3876 CA 94107±1372 SOUTHEASTÐAL, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, NC, SC, TN 100 Alabama St. SW., Atlanta, GA 30303 404±562±3100

For further information, contact the Chief, Office of Public Affairs, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013–7127. Phone, 202–208–6843. Internet, http:// www.nps.gov/.

United States Geological Survey by act of March 3, 1879, and specific provision was made for them through The United States Geological Survey subsequent legislation. (USGS) was established by act of March Provision was made in 1894 for 3, 1879 (43 U.S.C. 31), which provided gauging the streams and determining the for ‘‘the classification of the public lands water supply of the United States. and the examination of the geological Authorizations for publication, sale, and structure, mineral resources, and distribution of material prepared by products of the national domain.’’ The USGS are contained in several statutes act of September 5, 1962 (43 U.S.C. (43 U.S.C. 41–45; 44 U.S.C. 1318– 31(b)), expanded this authorization to 1320). include such examinations outside the The natural resources research national domain. Topographic mapping functions of the former National and chemical and physical research Biological Service were consolidated and were recognized as an essential part of integrated into USGS by the Balanced the investigations and studies authorized Budget Downpayment Act, I (110 Stat. 316 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

26). Through these activities, USGS Program; expedite the production of a works with various organizations to geologic map data base; establish and provide the scientific understanding and support the Federal Geographic Data technologies needed to support sound Committee, which is chaired by the management and conservation of the Secretary of the Interior; and serve as the Nation’s biological resources. In designated lead agency for the Federal addition, a portion of the minerals Water Information Coordination information program of the Bureau of Program. Mines was also transferred to USGS by For further information, contact the U.S. Geological the same act. The agency maintains Survey, Department of the Interior, 12201 Sunrise national geochemical, geophysical, Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192. Phone, 703–648– mineral deposit, mineral commodity, 4000. Fax-on-demand, 703–648–4888. Internet, and mine geology data bases and http:/www.usgs.gov/. collects, interprets, and disseminates a variety of information on the production, Office of Surface Mining consumption, recycling, stocks, and Reclamation and Enforcement shipments of almost 100 mineral The Office of Surface Mining commodities in the United States and Reclamation and Enforcement (OSM) 180 foreign countries. was established in the Department of the The Geological Survey is the Nation’s Interior by the Surface Mining Control primary provider of Earth and biological and Reclamation Act of 1977 (30 U.S.C. science information related to natural 1211). hazards; certain aspects of the The Office’s primary goal is to assist environment; and mineral, energy, States in operating a nationwide program water, and biological resources. Its major that protects society and the responsibilities are: environment from the adverse effects of —investigating and assessing the coal mining, while ensuring that surface Nation’s land, water, energy, biological, coal mining can be done without and mineral resources; permanent damage to land and water —conducting research on global resources. With most coal-mining States change; responsible for regulating coal mining —providing information to resource and reclamation activities within their managers in the Department in a form borders, OSM’s main objectives are to that helps them to assess and manage oversee State mining regulatory and the biological consequences of abandoned mine reclamation programs, management practices; and assist States in meeting the objectives of —investigating natural hazards such as the surface mining law, and regulate earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, mining and reclamation activities on floods, and droughts. Federal and Indian lands, and in those To attain these objectives, USGS States choosing not to assume primary prepares maps and digital and responsibility. cartographic data; collects and interprets The Office’s headquarters are in data on energy and mineral resources; Washington, DC. In addition, regional conducts nationwide assessments of the coordinating centers (located in quality, quantity, and use of the Nation’s Pittsburgh, PA; Alton, IL; and Denver, water resources; performs fundamental CO) provide technical support to the and applied research in the sciences and States and to OSM’s 10 field offices and techniques involved; and publishes the 6 area offices. The field offices interact results of its investigations in thousands with State, tribal and Federal agencies, of new maps and reports each year. assisting the States in implementing their The Survey is also authorized to regulatory and reclamation programs. maintain an archive of land-remote The regional coordinating centers also sensing data for historical, scientific, and review mine plans and permit technical purposes, including long-term applications on Federal lands. global environmental monitoring; Activities The Office establishes establish a National Geologic Mapping national policy for the surface mining DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 317 control and reclamation program 1921 (25 U.S.C. 13) provided provided for in the surface mining law, substantive law for appropriations reviews and approves amendments to covering the conduct of activities by the previously approved State programs, and Bureau of Indian Affairs. The scope and reviews and recommends approval of character of the authorizations contained new State program submissions. Other in this act were broadened by the Indian activities include: Reorganization Act of 1934 (25 U.S.C. —managing the collection, 461 et seq.), the Indian Self- disbursement, and accounting for Determination and Education Assistance abandoned mine land reclamation fees; Act of 1975, as amended (25 U.S.C. —administering civil penalties 450), title XI of the Education programs; Amendments of 1978 (20 U.S.C. 2701 —establishing technical standards and note), and the Hawkins-Stafford regulatory policy for reclamation and Elementary and Secondary School enforcement efforts; —providing guidance for Improvement Amendments of 1988 (20 environmental considerations, research, U.S.C. 2701). training, and technology transfer for The principal objectives of the Bureau State, tribal, and Federal regulatory and are to encourage and assist Indian and abandoned mine land reclamation Alaska Native people to manage their programs; own affairs under the trust relationship to —monitoring and evaluating State and the Federal Government; to facilitate, tribal regulatory programs, cooperative with maximum involvement of Indian agreements, and abandoned mine land and Alaska Native people, full reclamation programs; and development of their human and natural —coordinating the Appalachian clean resource potential; to mobilize all public streams initiative, a public-private joint and private aids to the advancement of effort, at the Federal, State, and local Indian and Alaska Native people for use levels, to clean up streams and rivers by them; and to promote self- polluted by acid mine drainage. determination by utilizing the skill and For further information, contact the Office of capabilities of Indian and Alaska Native Communications, Office of Surface Mining people in the direction and management Reclamation and Enforcement, Department of the of programs for their benefit. Interior, Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 202–208– 2719. TDD, 202–208–2737. Internet, http:// In carrying out these objectives, the www.osmre.gov/. Bureau works with Indian and Alaska Native people, tribal governments, Bureau of Indian Affairs Native American organizations, other The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was Federal agencies, State and local created as part of the War Department in governments, and other interested groups 1824 and transferred to the Department in the development and implementation of the Interior when the latter was of effective programs for their established in 1849. The Snyder Act of advancement. Area OfficesÐBureau of Indian Affairs

Area Address Telephone

Aberdeen, SD ...... 115 4th Ave. SE., 57401±4382 ...... 605±226±7343 Albuquerque, NM ...... P.O. Box 26567, 615 1st St. NW., 87125±6567 ...... 505±766±3170 Anadarko, OK ...... P.O. Box 368, Hwy. 8, 75003 ...... 405±247±6673 Arlington, VA ...... Suite 260, 3701 N. Fairfax Dr., 22203 ...... 703±235±2571 Billings, MT ...... 316 N. 26th St., 59101±1397 ...... 406±247±7943 Gallup, NM P.O. Box 1060, 87305 ...... 505±863±8314 Juneau, AK ...... Suite 5, 9109 Mendenhall Rd., 99802±5520 ...... 907±586±7177 Minneapolis, MN ...... 331 S. 2d Ave., 55401±2241 ...... 612±373±1000 Muskogee, OK ...... Old Federal Bldg., 5th and W. Okmulgee, 74401±4898 ...... 918±687±2296 Phoenix, AZ ...... P.O. Box 10, 1 N. 1st St., 85001±0010 ...... 602±379±6600 Portland, OR ...... 911 NE. 11th Ave., 97232±4169 ...... 503±231±6702 Sacramento, CA ...... 2800 Cottage Way, 95825±1884 ...... 916±484±4682 Window Rock, AZ ...... P.O. Box M, WR±1, Window Rock Blvd., 86515±0714 ...... 602±871±5151 318 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 202–208–3710. Internet, http://www.usgs.gov/doi/bureau-indian- affairs.html.

Minerals Management Service Five-year oil and gas leasing programs are developed for leasing on the Outer The Minerals Management Service was Continental Shelf in consultation with established on January 19, 1982, by the Congress, the 23 coastal States, local Secretarial Order 3071, under the governments, environmental groups, authority provided by section 2 of industry, and the public. Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1950 (5 The Service conducts extensive U.S.C. app.), and further amended on environmental studies and consultations May 10 and May 26, 1982. with State officials prior to issuing leases. Secretarial Order 3087, dated Once leases have been issued, December 3, 1982, and amendment 1, inspectors conduct frequent inspections dated February 7, 1983, provided for the of offshore operations, and transfer of royalty and mineral revenue environmental studies personnel collect management functions, including more data to ensure that marine collection and distribution, to the environments are kept free of pollutants. Minerals Management Service and Royalty Management The Service is transferred all onshore minerals responsible for the collection and management functions on Federal and distribution of all royalty payments, Indian lands to the Bureau of Land rentals, bonus payments, fines, penalties, Management. assessments, and other revenues due the The Service assesses the nature, Federal Government and Indian lessors extent, recoverability, and value of as monies or royalties-in-kind from the leasable minerals on the Outer extraction of mineral resources from Continental Shelf. It ensures the orderly Federal and Indian lands onshore and and timely inventory and development, from the leasing and extraction of as well as the efficient recovery, of mineral resources on the Outer mineral resources; encourages utilization Continental Shelf. of the best available and safest The revenues generated by minerals technology; provides for fair, full, and leasing are one of the largest nontax accurate returns to the Federal Treasury sources of income to the Federal for produced commodities; and Government. As specified by law, these safeguards against fraud, waste, and revenues are distributed to the States, to abuse. the general fund of the Treasury, and to Offshore Minerals Management The Indian tribes and allottees. Service is responsible for resource The basic organization of the Service evaluation, environmental review, consists of a headquarters in leasing activities (including public liaison Washington, DC, with program and planning functions), lease components located in Herndon, VA, management, and inspection and and Lakewood, CO; three Outer enforcement programs for Outer Continental Shelf regional offices; and Continental Shelf lands. two administrative service centers. Field OfficesÐMinerals Management Service

Office Address Telephone

ROYALTY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM .... P.O. Box 25165, Denver, CO 80225±0165 ...... 303±231±3058 OCS Regional Offices ALASKA REGION ...... Rm. 308, 949 E. 36th Ave., Anchorage, AK 99508±4302 ...... 907±271±6010 GULF OF MEXICO REGION ...... 1201 Elmwood Park Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70123±2394 ...... 504±736±2589 PACIFIC REGION ...... 770 Paseo Camarillo, Camarillo, CA 93010±6064 ...... 805±389±7502 Administrative Service Centers WESTERN SERVICE CENTER ...... P.O. Box 25165, Denver, CO 80225±0165 ...... 303±275±7300 SOUTHERN SERVICE CENTER ...... 1201 Elmwood Park Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70123±2394 ...... 504±736±2616 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 319

For further information, contact the Office of Communications, Minerals Management Service, Department of the Interior, Room 4260, (MS 4230), 1849 C Street NW., Washington, DC 20240–7000. Phone, 202– 208–3985. Internet, http://www.mms.gov/.

Bureau of Land Management gas, geothermal energy, wildlife habitat, endangered plant and animal species, The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) rangeland vegetation, recreation and was established July 16, 1946, by the cultural values, wild and scenic rivers, consolidation of the General Land Office designated conservation and wilderness (created in 1812) and the Grazing areas, and open space. Bureau programs Service (formed in 1934). The Federal Land Policy and provide for the protection (including fire Management Act of 1976 (90 Stat. 2743) suppression), orderly development, and repealed and replaced many obsolete or use of the public lands and resources overlapping statutes. It provides a basic under principles of multiple use and mission statement for the Bureau and sustained yield. Land use plans are establishes policy guidelines and criteria developed with public involvement to for the management of public lands and provide orderly use and development resources administered by the Bureau. while maintaining and enhancing the The Bureau’s basic organization quality of the environment. The Bureau consists of a headquarters in also manages watersheds to protect soil Washington, DC; five national level and enhance water quality; develops support and service centers (National recreational opportunities on public Interagency Fire Center, Boise, ID; lands; administers programs to protect National Training Center, Phoenix, AZ; and manage wild horses and burros; National Applied Resource Sciences and, under certain conditions, makes Center, National Human Resources land available for sale to individuals, Management Center, and National organizations, local governments, and Business Center, Denver, CO); and a other Federal agencies when such field organization of State, district, and transfer is in the public interest. Lands resource area offices. The Bureau also may be leased to State and local uses a system of advisory councils to government agencies and to nonprofit assist in the development of organizations for certain purposes. management plans and policies. The Bureau oversees and manages the The Bureau is responsible for the total development of energy and mineral management of about 270 million acres leases and ensures compliance with of public lands. These lands are located applicable regulations governing the primarily in the West and Alaska; extraction of these resources. It has however, small scattered parcels are responsibility to issue rights-of-way, located in other States. In addition to leases, and permits. minerals management responsibilities on The Bureau is also responsible for the the public lands, BLM is also responsible survey of Federal lands and establishes for subsurface resource management of and maintains public land records and an additional 300 million acres where records of mining claims. It administers a mineral rights are owned by the Federal program of payments in lieu of taxes Government. based on the amount of federally owned Resources managed by the Bureau lands in counties and other units of local include timber, solid minerals, oil and government. Field OfficesÐBureau of Land Management

State Office Address Telephone

ALASKAÐAK ...... No. 13, 222 W. 7th Ave., Anchorage, 99513±7599 ...... 907±271±5076 ARIZONAÐAZ ...... 222 N. Central Ave., Phoenix, 85004±2203 ...... 602±417±9206 CALIFORNIAÐCA ...... 2135 Butano Dr., Sacramento, 95825 ...... 916±979±2845 COLORADOÐCO ...... 2850 Youngfield St., Lakewood, 80215±7076 ...... 303±239±3700 EASTERN STATESÐAll States bordering on 7450 Boston Blvd., Springfield, VA 22153 ...... 703±440±1700 and east of the Mississippi River. IDAHOÐID ...... 1387 S. Vinnell Way, Boise, 83709 ...... 208±373±4001 320 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Field OfficesÐBureau of Land Management—Continued

State Office Address Telephone

MONTANAÐMT, ND, SD ...... P.O. Box 36800, 222 N. 32d St., Billings, MT 59107±6800 406±255±2904 NEVADAÐNV ...... P.O. Box 12000, 850 Harvard Way, Reno, 89520±0006 ..... 702±785±6590 NEW MEXICOÐKS, NM, OK, TX ...... P.O. Box 27115, 1474 Rodeo Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87502± 505±438±7501 0115. OREGONÐOR, WA ...... P.O. Box 2965, 1515 SW. 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97208± 503±952±6024 2965. UTAHÐUT ...... P.O. Box 45155, 324 S. State St., Salt Lake City, 84145± 801±539±4010 1550. WYOMINGÐNE, WY ...... P.O. Box 1828, 5353 Yellowstone Rd., Cheyenne, WY 307±775±6001 82003. Service and Support Offices NATIONAL INTERAGENCY FIRE CENTER .. 3833 South Development Ave., Boise, ID 83705±5354 ...... 208±387±5446 NATIONAL TRAINING CENTER ...... 9828 N. 31st Ave., Phoenix, AZ 85051±2517 ...... 602±906±5500 NATIONAL BUSINESS CENTER ...... Bldg. 50, BC±600, P.O. Box 25047, Denver, CO 80225± 303±236±6455 0047. NATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCES MAN- Bldg. 50, HR±200, P.O. Box 25047, Denver, CO 80225± 303±236±6503 AGEMENT CENTER. 0047. NATIONAL APPLIED RESOURCE Bldg. 50, RS±100, P.O. Box 25047, Denver, CO 80225± 303±236±1142 SCIENCES CENTER. 0047.

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior, LS–406, 1849 C St. NW., Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 202–452–5125. Internet, http:// www.blm.gov/.

Bureau of Reclamation With this infrastructure largely in place, the Reclamation program is now The mission of the Bureau of focusing greater emphasis on resource Reclamation is to manage, develop, and management and protection than on protect, for the public welfare, water and development. Following a balanced related resources in an environmentally approach to the stewardship of the and economically sound manner. West’s water and related land and The Reclamation Act of 1902 (43 energy resources, the Bureau: U.S.C. 371 et seq.) authorized the —works in partnership with others to Secretary of the Interior to administer a develop water conservation plans, reclamation program that would provide provide for the efficient and effective use the arid and semiarid lands of the 17 of water and related resources, and contiguous Western States a secure, improve the management of existing year-round water supply for irrigation. water resources; To perform the mission, the Reclamation —designs and constructs water Service was created within the United resources projects, as authorized by the States Geological Survey. In 1907 the Congress; Reclamation Service was separated from —helps to develop and supports or the Survey, and in 1923 was renamed enhances recreational uses at the Bureau of Reclamation. Reclamation projects; The Reclamation program has helped —conducts research and encourages to settle and develop the West by technology transfer to improve resource providing for sustained economic management, development, and growth, an improved environment, and protection; an enhanced quality of life through the —ensures that the lands it manages development of a water storage and are free from hazardous and toxic waste delivery infrastructure, which provides and assists other Federal and State safe and dependable water supplies and agencies in protecting and restoring hydroelectric power for agricultural, surface water and ground water municipal, and industrial users; protects resources from hazardous waste and improves water quality; provides contamination; recreational and fish and wildlife —operates and maintains its facilities benefits; enhances river regulations; and to ensure reliability, safety, and helps control damaging floods. economic operation to protect the DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 321 public, property, and the Nation’s Through contracts with project investment in the facilities, and to beneficiaries, the Bureau arranges preserve and enhance environmental repayment to the Federal Treasury for resources; and construction, operation, and maintenance costs. Approximately 80 —provides engineering and technical percent of all direct project costs are support to Federal and State agencies, to repaid to the Government. Native American tribes, and to other Reclamation project facilities in nations to help accomplish national, operation include 355 storage reservoirs, regional, and international resource 69,400 miles of canals and other water management, development, and conveyances and distribution facilities, protection objectives. and 52 hydroelectric powerplants. Major OfficesÐBureau of Reclamation

Office/Region Address Telephone

COMMISSIONER ...... Rm. 7654, Dept. of Interior, Washington, DC 20240±0001 .. 202±208±4157 RECLAMATION SERVICE CENTER ...... Bldg. 67, Box 25007, Denver, CO 80225 ...... 303±236±7000 GREAT PLAINS REGION ...... Box 36900, 316 N. 26th St., Billings, MT 59107 ...... 406±247±7610 LOWER COLORADO REGION ...... Box 61470, Nevada Hwy. & Park St., Boulder City, NV 702±293±8420 89005. MID±PACIFIC REGION ...... 2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, CA 95825 ...... 916±979±2837 PACIFIC NORTHWEST REGION ...... 1150 N. Curtis Rd., Boise, ID 83706 ...... 208±378±5020 UPPER COLORADO REGION ...... Box 11568, 125 S. State St., Salt Lake City, UT 84147 ...... 801±524±3774

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Division, Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20240–0001. Phone, 202–208–4662. Internet, http://www.usbr.gov/.

Sources of Information

Inquiries on the following subjects Publications Most departmental should be directed to the specified publications are available from the office, Department of the Interior, Superintendent of Documents, Washington, DC 20240. Government Printing Office, Contracts Contact the Office of Washington, DC 20402. All other Acquisition and Property Management, inquiries regarding publications should Room 5526. Phone, 202–208–6431. be directed to the individual bureau or office’s publications or public affairs Departmental Museum The Museum office. has exhibits on topics pertaining to the bureaus and a changing exhibits gallery Information regarding bibliographies on select subjects is available from the with new displays every 3–4 months. It Natural Resources Library. Phone, 202– presents public programs related to 208–5815. departmental themes and provides tours Reading Room Visit the Natural to school and adult groups on the Resources Library, Main Interior building’s New Deal murals, the Building. Phone, 202–208–5815. Museum, and American Indians. Contact Telephone Directory The Department the staff office, Room 1024, Main of the Interior telephone directory is Interior Building. Phone, 202–208–4743. available for sale by the Interior Service Electronic Access Information is Center. Phone, 202–208–7050. available electronically from the Telephone Locator Phone, 202–208– Department of the Interior. Internet, 3100. http://www.doi.gov/ (or see listings for specific Department components). United States Fish and Wildlife Service Employment Direct general inquiries to Inquiries on the following subjects the Office of Personnel or visit any of should be directed to the specified the field personnel offices. office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 322 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Department of the Interior, Washington, species. Some publications are only DC 20240. available as sales items from the Congressional/Legislative Services Superintendent of Documents, Congressional staffers and persons Government Printing Office, seeking information about specific Washington, DC 20402. Further legislation should call the Congressional/ information is available from the Legislative Services office. Phone, 202– Publications Unit, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 208–5403. Service, Mail Stop 130 Webb, Contracts Contact the Washington, Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 703– DC, headquarters Division of 358–1711. Contracting and General Services (phone, 703–358–1728); or any of the National Park Service regional offices. Contracts Contact the nearest regional Electronic Access The Fish and office; Administrative Services Division, Wildlife Service offers a range of National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, information through the Internet, at http:/ Washington, DC 20013–7127 (phone, /www.fws.gov/. 202–523–5133); or the Denver Service Employment For information regarding Center, P.O. Box 25287, 12795 West employment opportunities with the U.S. Alameda Parkway, Denver, CO 80225 Fish and Wildlife Service, contact the (phone, 303–969–2110). Headquarters Personnel Office (phone, Employment Employment inquiries and 703–358–1743); or the regional office applications may be sent to the within the area you are seeking Personnel Office, National Park Service, employment. Department of the Interior, Washington, Import/Export Permits To obtain CITES DC, and to the field area offices and permits for the import and export of individual parks. Applications for wildlife, contact the Office of seasonal employment (which must be Management Authority. Phone, 800– received between September 1 and 358–2104 or 703–358–2104. January 15) should be sent to the Law Enforcement To obtain Division of Personnel Management, information about the enforcement of National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, wildlife laws or to report an infraction of Washington, DC 20013–7127. Phone, those laws, contact the Division of Law 202–208–5074. Schools interested in the Enforcement (phone, 703–358–1949); or recruitment program should write to: the nearest regional law enforcement Chief Personnel Officer, National Park office. Service, P.O. Box 37127, Department of National Wildlife Refuges For general the Interior, Washington, DC 20013– information about the National Wildlife 7127. Phone, 202–208–5093. Refuge System, as well as information Films The National Park Service has about specific refuges, contact the many films on environmental and Division of Refuges (phone, 800–344– historical themes. For a list of these films WILD or 703–358–2029); or the nearest and sales and for information on how to national wildlife refuge or regional obtain them, write: National Technical refuge office. Information Service, U.S. Department of News Media Inquiries Specific Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., information about the U.S. Fish and Springfield, VA 22161. Phone, 703–487– Wildlife Service and its activities is 4650. available from the Office of Media Grants-in-Aid For information on grants Services (phone, 202–208–5634); or the authorized under the Land and Water public affairs officer in each of the Conservation Fund, the Urban Park and Service’s regional offices. Recreation Recovery Program, and the Publications The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Historic Preservation Fund, write the Service has publications available on National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, subjects ranging from the National Washington, DC 20013–7127. Phone, Wildlife Refuge System to endangered 202–343–3700 or 202–343–9564. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 323

Publications Items related to the Rm. 2650, 1849 C St. NW., Washington, DC National Park Service are available from 20240. Phone, 202–208–4047. the Superintendent of Documents, MS 231, 1400 Independence Rd., Rolla, MO 65401. Phone, 573–308–3500. Government Printing Office, 2d Fl., 2222 W. 2300 S., Salt Lake City, UT Washington, DC 20402. Phone, 202– 84119. Phone, 801–975–3742. 512–1800. Items available for sale Rm. 1C402, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., Reston, include the National Park System Map & VA 20192. Phone, 703–648–6045. Guide (stock no. 024–005–01135–8); Rm. 135, 904 W. Riverside Ave., Spokane, WA The National Parks: Index 1995 (stock 99201. Phone, 509–353–2524. no. 024–005–01160–4); and National EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls, SD 57198. Parks: Lesser Known Areas (stock no. Phone, 605–594–6151. 024–005–01152–8). Contact the Maps Maps are sold by the Information Consumer Information Center, Pueblo, Services Branch, United States CO 81009, for other publications about Geological Survey, Box 25286, Denver the National Park Service available for Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 sale. For general park and camping (phone, 303–202–4700); and the Earth information, write to the National Park Science Information Centers (see General Service, Office of Public Inquiries, Inquiries). Information about the status of P.O.Box 37127, Room 1013, U.S. Geological Survey mapping in any Washington, DC 20013–7127. State and availability of maps by other Federal and State agencies can be United States Geological Survey obtained from the Earth Science Contracts, Grants, and Cooperative Information Center, 507 National Center, Agreements Write to the Office of 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA Program Support, Office of Acquisition 20192. Phone, 800–USA–MAPS; or in and Federal Assistance, 205 National Virginia, 703–648–6045. Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Outreach/External and Media Affairs Reston, VA 20192. Phone, 703–648– The Outreach Office of the U.S. 7373. Geological Survey coordinates external Employment Inquiries should be contacts and special events, responds to directed to one of the following news media inquiries, arranges Personnel Offices: interviews, and prepares news releases Recruitment and Placement, 601 National and other informational products Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., Reston, VA 20192. Phone, 703–648–6131. pertaining to Survey programs and Personnel Office, United States Geological activities. The headquarters office is Survey, Suite 160, 3850 Holcomb Bridge Rd., located at 119 National Center, 12201 Norcross, GA 30092. Phone, 770–409–7750. Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192. Personnel Office, United States Geological Phone, 703–648–4460. Outreach and Survey, Box 25046, MS 603, Bldg. 53, Denver, media affairs are also conducted on a CO 80225. Phone, 303–236–5900 ext. 361. regional basis at Menlo Park/San Personnel Office, United States Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd., MS 613, Menlo Park, Francisco (phone, 415–329–4000); CA 94025. Phone, 415–329–4104. Denver (phone, 303–236–5900); and Reston, VA (phone, 703–648–4582). General Inquiries A network of nine Publications The U.S. Geological Earth Science Information Centers Survey publishes technical and scientific (ESIC’s) responds to requests for Earth reports and maps, described in the science information that are made in quarterly periodical New Publications of person, by mail, or by telephone and the U.S. Geological Survey, with yearly assists in the selection and ordering of supplements; Publications of the U.S. all U.S. Geological Survey products: Geological Survey, 1879–1961; Rm. 101, 4230 University Dr., Anchorage, AK Publications of the Geological Survey, 99508–4664. Phone, 907–786–7011. 1962–1970; and a variety of 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025. Phone, 415–329–4309. nontechnical publications described in Box 25286, Bldg. 810, Denver, CO 80225. General Interest Publications of the Phone, 303–202–4200. United States Geological Survey. 324 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Book, map, fact sheet, and Digital 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025. Data Series (CD–ROM) publications are 4230 University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508– sold by the Information Services Branch, 4664. Denver Federal Center, Box 25286, Spacecraft and aircraft remote sensor Denver, CO 80225 (phone, 303–202– data may be examined at the EROS Data 4700), and by the U.S. Geological Center, Sioux Falls, SD 57198. Phone, Survey’s Earth Science Information 605–594–6151. Centers (see General Inquiries). Water Data Information on the Open-file reports, in the form of availability of and access to water data microfiche and/or black and white paper acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey copies, diskettes, and CD–ROM’s are and other local, State, and Federal sold by the United States Geological agencies may be obtained from the Survey, Open File Reports—ESIC, National Water Data Exchange, 421 Denver Federal Center, Box 25286, National Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Denver, CO 80225. Phone, 303–202– Drive, Reston, VA 20192. Phone, 703– 4200. 648–5676. Single copies of a variety of nontechnical leaflets, technical reports, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation books, and special interest publications and Enforcement on Earth science subjects and U.S. Geological Survey activities are available Contracts Contact the Procurement to the public at the Earth Science Branch, Office of Surface Mining, Information Centers or upon request Department of the Interior, 1951 from the U.S. Geological Survey, Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, Information Services Branch, Denver DC 20240. Phone, 202–208–2839. Federal Center, Box 25286, Denver, CO TDD, 202–208–2737. 80225. Phone, 303–202–4700. Bulk Employment For information on quantities may be purchased from the employment opportunities throughout Superintendent of Documents, the United States, contact the Chief, Government Printing Office, Division of Personnel, Office of Surface Washington, DC 20402. Mining, Department of the Interior, 1951 Reading Rooms Facilities for Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, examination of reports, maps, DC 20240. Phone, 202–208–2965. publications of the U.S. Geological TDD, 202–208–2737. Survey, and a wide selection of general Bureau of Indian Affairs Earth science information resources and historical documents are located at the Inquiries regarding the Bureau of Indian U.S. Geological Survey’s libraries at the Affairs may be obtained by calling the National Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Office of Public Affairs at 202–208– Drive, Reston, VA 20192; Denver 3710, or writing to the Chief, Office of Federal Center, Building 20, Box 25046, Public Affairs, 1849 C Street, NW., MS Denver, CO 80225; 345 Middlefield 4542 MIB, Washington, DC 20240. Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025; and 2255 Minerals Management Service North Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001; and Earth Science Information Inquiries on specific subjects should be Centers (see General Inquiries). Maps, directed to the appropriate headquarters aerial photographs, geodetic control data office at 1849 C Street NW., or index material, and cartographic data Washington, DC 20240, or to the in digital form may be examined at the appropriate Minerals Management following Earth Science Information Service field office (see listing in the Centers: preceding text). Public and News Media Inquiries Rm. 1C402, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., Reston, VA 20192. Specific information about the Minerals 1400 Independence Rd., Rolla, MO 65401. Management Service and its activities is Bldg. 810, Box 25286, MS 504, Denver Federal available from the Chief, Office of Ctr., Denver, CO 80225. Communications, Room 4260, MS 4230, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 325

1849 C Street NW., Washington, DC General Inquiries The Bureau’s 20240. mandate under the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 is Bureau of Land Management generally to retain public lands in long- Contracts Contracts in excess of term public ownership. The Bureau $100,000 for public land projects are occasionally sells parcels of land that, as awarded by the contracting teams of the a result of land-use planning, are either National Business Center. Contracts for uneconomical to manage or would serve construction and nonprofessional an important public objective. These services are awarded by the Construction lands are sold at fair market value. Land and Nonprofessional Services Team exchanges can be used to acquire non- (phone, 303–236–9433). Environmental BLM lands to protect important natural and professional services contracts are resources. The Bureau acts as the leasing awarded by the Environmental and agent for mineral rights on public and Professional Services Team (phone, 303– other federally administered lands. 236–9439). Contracts for information Information may be obtained from any technology are awarded by the Federal of the State offices or from the Bureau of Information Processing Automated Land Land Management, Office of Public and Minerals Record System Team Affairs, Department of the Interior, (phone, 303–236–6498). Contracts for Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 202– public land projects in the States of 452–5125. Fax, 202–452–5124. Oregon and Washington are awarded by Publications The annual publication the Contracting Office in Portland, OR Public Land Statistics, which relates to (phone, 503–952–6216). Bureau of Land public lands, is available from the Management helium operation contracts Superintendent of Documents, are awarded by the Contracting Office in Government Printing Office, Amarillo, TX (phone, 806–324–2618). Washington, DC 20402. Employment Initial appointments to the Reading Rooms All State offices Bureau are made from registers provide facilities for individuals who established by the Office of Personnel wish to examine status records, tract Management as a result of examination books, or other records relating to the announcements issued by area offices of public lands and their resources. the Office of Personnel Management Small Business Activities The Bureau throughout the country. The following has four major buying offices that Office of Personnel Management provide contacts for small business announcements are applicable to most activities: the Headquarters Office in professional positions within the Bureau. Washington, DC (phone, 202–452– Announcement No. 421, Biological and 5196); the National Business Center in Agricultural Sciences; Announcement Lakewood, CO (phone, 303–236–9447); No. 424, Engineering, Physical Sciences the Oregon State Office (phone, 503– and Related Professions. The Mid-Level 952–6216); and the BLM Office of and Senior-Level registers are also used Helium Operations (phone, 806–324– in a limited number of cases for social 2618). In addition, there are 12 BLM sciences professionals and other State offices that acquire goods and positions. services less than $100,000 using Inquiries should be directed to the simplified acquisition procedures. The Headquarters Office provides National Human Resource Management procurement support for the Washington, Center, any Bureau of Land Management DC, area. The National Business Center State Office, or the Personnel Officer, provides major contracting services for Bureau of Land Management, Eastern goods and services more than $100,000 States Office, Department of the Interior, for the western operations of the Bureau, Springfield, VA, from whom the booklet except for the Oregon State Office and Career Opportunities in the BLM is the BLM Office of Helium Operations. available. The Bureau’s acquisition plan and 326 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL procurement office contacts are available Employment Information on through the Internet, at http:// engineering and other positions is www.blm.gov/natacq/. available from the Personnel Office, Speakers Local Bureau offices will Denver, CO (phone, 303–236–3834); or arrange for speakers to explain Bureau from the nearest regional office (see programs upon request from listing in the preceding text). organizations within their areas of Publications Publications for sale are jurisdiction. available through the National Technical Information Service. Phone, 1–800–553– Bureau of Reclamation 6847. Speakers and Films A volunteer Contracts Information is available to speaker service provides engineers and contractors, manufacturers, and suppliers scientists for schools and civic groups in from Acquisition and Assistance the Denver area. Films are available on Management Services, Building 67, free loan. For speakers or films, contact Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO the Reclamation Service Center in 80225. Phone, 303–236–3750. Denver, CO. Phone, 303–236–7000.

For further information, contact the U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street NW., Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 202–208–3171. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Tenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530 Phone, 202–514–2000

THE ATTORNEY GENERAL JANET RENO Chief of Staff JOHN M. HOGAN Confidential Assistant to the Attorney BESSIE L. MEADOWS General Counselor to the Attorney General for Youth KENT R. MARKUS Violence Assistants to the Attorney General SIDNEY ESPINOSA, WILFREDO A. FERRER, DAVID JONES, CHERYL L. MONTGOMERY Deputy Attorney General JAMIE S. GORELICK Confidential Assistant GINGER TRAPANOTTO Principal Associate Deputy Attorney General MERRICK B. GARLAND Executive Assistant and Counsel DENNIS M. CORRIGAN Associate Deputy Attorneys General PAUL J. FISHMAN, DAVID MARGOLIS,R OSLYN A. MAZER, DAVID W. OGDEN, CATHERINE M. RUSSELL Special Counsel to the Deputy Attorney DEBRA COHN General Counsels to the Deputy Attorney General ROGER C. ADAMS, GERRI L. RATLIFF,J ONATHAN D. SCHWARTZ,C HARLES J. SGRO Director, Executive Office for National FREDERICK D. BARON Security Deputy Director, Executive Office for MICHAEL A. VATIS National Security Counsel for International Programs REGINA HART NASSEN Associate Attorney General JOHN C. DWYER, Acting Confidential Assistant JAYNE SCHREIBER Deputy Associate Attorneys General FRANCIS M. ALLEGRA, REGINALD ROBINSON, LEWIS ANTHONY SATIN, MICHAEL SMALL Senior Counsel, Office of Alternative Dispute PETER R. STEENLAND, JR. Resolution Director, Office of Violence Against Women BONNIE CAMPBELL Solicitor General WALTER E. DELLINGER Inspector General MICHAEL BROMWICH Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal DAWN JOHNSEN, Acting Counsel Assistant Attorney General, Office of ANDREW FOIS Legislative Affairs Assistant Attorney General, Office of Policy ELEANOR D. ACHESON Development Assistant Attorney General for Administration STEPHEN R. COLGATE Assistant Attorney General, Antitrust Division JOEL I. KLEIN, Acting Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division FRANK W. HUNGER 327 328 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights ISABELLE K. PINZLER, Acting Division Assistant Attorney General, Criminal JOHN C. KEENEY, Acting Division Assistant Attorney General, Environment and LOIS J. SCHIFFER Natural Resources Division Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division LORETTA C. ARGRETT Assistant Attorney General, Office of Justice LAURIE ROBINSON Programs Director, Office of Public Affairs BERT BRANDENBURG, Acting Directors, Office of Information and Privacy RICHARD L. HUFF, DANIEL J. METCALFE Director, Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys CAROL DIBATTISTE Director, Bureau of Prisons KATHLEEN M. HAWK Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation LOUIS J. FREEH Director, United States Marshals Service EDUARDO GONZALEZ Director, Executive Office for Immigration ANTHONY C. MOSCATO Review Director, Executive Office for United States JOSEPH PATCHAN Trustees Director, Community Relations Service ROSE OCHI, Acting Director, Community Orienting Policing JOSEPH BRANN Services Administrator, Drug Enforcement THOMAS A. CONSTANTINE Administration Commissioner, Immigration and Naturalization DORIS MEISSNER Service Chairman, United States Parole Commission MICHAEL GAINES Chairman, Foreign Claims Settlement DELISSA A. RIDGWAY Commission Chief, INTERPOL–U.S. National Central JAMES CHRISTENSEN, Acting Bureau Counsel, Office of Intelligence Policy and JAMES MCADAMS Review Counsel, Office of Professional Responsibility MICHAEL E. SHAHEEN, JR. Pardon Attorney MARGARET C. LOVE

[For the Department of Justice statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 28, Chapter I, Part 0]

As the largest law firm in the Nation, the Department of Justice serves as counsel for its citizens. It represents them in enforcing the law in the public interest. Through its thousands of lawyers, investigators, and agents, the Department plays the key role in protection against criminals and subversion, in ensuring healthy competition of business in our free enterprise system, in safeguarding the consumer, and in enforcing drug, immigration, and naturalization laws. The Department also plays a significant role in protecting citizens through its efforts for effective law enforcement, crime prevention, crime detection, and prosecution and rehabilitation of offenders. Moreover, the Department conducts all suits in the Supreme Court in which the United States is concerned. It represents the Government in legal matters generally, rendering legal advice and opinions, upon request, to the President and to the heads of the executive departments. The Attorney General supervises and directs these activities, as well as those of the U.S. attorneys and U.S. marshals in the various judicial districts around the country. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 329 UNITED STATES PAROLE OFFICE OF OFFICE OF ATTORNEY THE PARDON COMMISSION PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY REVIEW EXECUTIVE OFFICE FOR IMMIGRATION REVIEW JUSTICE DIVISION GENERAL OFFICE OF OFFICE OF INSPECTOR POLICY AND MANAGEMENT INTELLIGENCE UNITED STATES SERVICE PRISONS CENTRAL DIVISION INTERPOL BUREAU— CRIMINAL MARSHALS BUREAU OF U.S. NATIONAL UNITED STATES ATTORNEYS AND DRUG SERVICE FEDERAL LEGAL EXECUTIVE PUBLIC BUREAU OF OFFICE FOR ATTORNEYS AFFAIRS COUNSEL IMMIGRATION OFFICE OF OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATION UNITED STATES ADMINISTRATION NATURALIZATION DEPUTY ATTORNEY GENERAL ATTORNEY GENERAL ATTORNEY POLICY AFFAIRS CIVIL OFFICE OF OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE SERVICE DIVISION DIVISION DEVELOPMENT RELATIONS COMMUNITY RESOURCES AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE TAX CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION ASSOCIATE ANTITRUST ATTORNEY GENERAL POLICING SERVICES ORIENTED OFFICE OF COMMUNITY AND PRIVACY INFORMATION COMMISSION SETTLEMENT FOREIGN CLAIMS JUSTICE GENERAL GENERAL OFFICE OF TRUSTEES SOLICITOR EXECUTIVE SOLICITOR OFFICE FOR PROGRAMS UNITED STATES OFFICE OF THE 330 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The Department of Justice was created under authority of act of established by act of June 22, 1870, as September 24, 1789, as amended (28 amended (28 U.S.C. 501, 503, 509 U.S.C. 503). note), with the Attorney General as its The affairs and activities of the head. Prior to 1870 the Attorney General Department of Justice are generally was a member of the President’s directed by the Attorney General. The Cabinet, but not the head of a offices, divisions, bureaus, and boards of department, the office having been the Department follow.

Offices

Attorney General The Attorney Office drafts legal opinions of the General, as head of the Department of Attorney General rendered in response Justice and chief law enforcement officer to requests from the President and heads of the Federal Government, represents of the executive departments. It also the United States in legal matters provides its own written opinions and generally and gives advice and opinions informal advice in response to requests to the President and to the heads of the from the various agencies of the executive departments of the Government, as well as offices within Government when so requested. The the Department and from Presidential Attorney General appears in person to staff and advisers, typically dealing with represent the Government before the legal issues involving agency U.S. Supreme Court in cases of disagreements or with pending exceptional gravity or importance. The legislation. The Office also is responsible Office of the Attorney General oversees for providing legal advice to the the Offices of Deputy Attorney General, executive branch on all constitutional Associate Attorneys General, Legal questions. Counsel, and Inspector General, as well All Executive orders and as the following offices whose public proclamations proposed to be issued by purposes are widely applied. the President are reviewed by the Office Solicitor General The Solicitor General of Legal Counsel for form and legality, as represents the U.S. Government in cases are various other matters that require the before the Supreme Court. He decides President’s formal approval. In addition, what cases the Government should ask the Office of Legal Counsel functions as the Supreme Court to review and what general counsel for the Department. It position the Government should take in reviews all proposed orders of the cases before the Court. Also, he Attorney General and all regulations supervises the preparation of the requiring the Attorney General’s Government’s Supreme Court briefs and approval. other legal documents and the conduct The Office coordinates the work of the of the oral arguments in the Court. He or Department with respect to treaties, his staff argue most of the Government’s executive agreements, and international cases in the Supreme Court. The organizations. It performs a variety of Solicitor General’s duties also include special assignments referred by the deciding whether the United States Attorney General or the Deputy Attorney should appeal in all cases it loses before General. However, it is not authorized to the lower courts. give legal advice to private persons. Legal Counsel The Assistant Attorney Information and Privacy The Office of General in charge of the Office of Legal Information and Privacy (OIP) operates Counsel assists the Attorney General in under the supervision of a Director, who fulfilling the Attorney General’s function manages the Department’s as legal adviser to the President and all responsibilities related to the Freedom of the executive branch agencies. The Information Act (FOIA) and the Privacy DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 331

Act. These responsibilities include and reduce community tensions arising coordinating policy development and from actions, policies, and practices compliance Governmentwide for FOIA, perceived to be discriminatory on the and by the Department for the Privacy basis of race, color, or national origin. Act; and adjudicating all appeals from The Service offers assistance to denials by any Department component communities in resolving disputes of access to information under those relating to race, color, or national origin acts. OIP also processes all initial and facilitates the development of viable requests under those acts for access to agreements as alternatives to coercion, the records of the Offices of the Attorney violence, or litigation. It also assists and General, Deputy Attorney General, supports communities in developing Associate Attorney General, and other local mechanisms as proactive measures senior management offices of the to prevent or reduce racial/ethnic Department. tensions. Pardon Attorney The Office of the The services provided include Pardon Attorney, in consultation with the conciliation, mediation, technical Attorney General or the Attorney assistance, and training, and involve General’s designee, assists the President specialized procedures for preventing in the exercise of his pardon power and resolving racial and ethnic conflicts. under Article II, section 2, of the The Service provides assistance directly Constitution. Generally, all requests for to people and their communities. It pardon or other forms of executive shows no partiality among disputing clemency, including commutation of parties and, in promoting the principles sentence, are directed to the Pardon and ideals of nondiscrimination, applies Attorney for investigation and review. The Pardon Attorney prepares the skills that allow parties to mediate their Department’s recommendation to the own disputes. The Service’s conciliators, President for final disposition of each who are located in 10 regional offices application. and 4 field offices around the country, Community Relations Service The assist people of diverse racial and Service was created by title X of the cultural backgrounds. Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. The Service offers its assistance either 2000g et seq.). The Community on its own motion, when in its judgment Relations Service is under the general peaceful relations among the citizens of authority of the Attorney General and is a community are threatened, or upon headed by a Director, appointed by the request of State or local officials or other President with the advice and consent of interested persons. The Service seeks the the Senate. cooperation of appropriate State and The mission of the Service is to local, and public and private agencies in prevent and resolve community conflicts carrying out the agency’s mission. Regional OfficesÐCommunity Relations Service

Address Director Phone/FTS

Boston, MA (99 Summer St., 02110) ...... Martin A. Walsh ...... 617±424±5715 New York, NY (26 Federal Plz., 10278) ...... Patricia Glenn ...... 212±264±0700 Philadelphia, PA (2d and Chestnut Sts., 19106) ...... Jonathan Chace ...... 215±597±2344 Atlanta, GA (75 Piedmont Ave. NE., 30303) ...... Ozell Sutton ...... 404±331±6883 Chicago, IL (55 W. Monroe St., 60603) ...... Jesse Taylor ...... 312±353±4391 Dallas, TX (1420 W. Mockingbird Ln., 75247) ...... Gilbert J. Chavez ...... 214±655±8175 Kansas City, MO (323 W. 8th St., 64105) ...... Atkins Warren ...... 816±426±7434 Denver, CO (1244 Speer Blvd., 80204±3584) ...... Silke Hansen, Acting ...... 303±844±2973 San Francisco, CA (33 New Montgomery St., 94105±4511) ...... Booker Neal, Acting ...... 415±744±6565 Seattle, WA (915 2d Ave., 98101) ...... Robert Lamb, Jr...... 206±220±6700

For further information, contact any regional office or the Director, Community Relations Service, Department of Justice, Suite 2000, 600 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–305–2935. 332 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Justice Management Division Under forfeiture program activities; the direction of the Assistant Attorney identification of program weaknesses General for Administration, the Division and development, monitoring, and provides assistance to senior review of appropriate internal controls; management officials relating to basic analysis of legislative, policy, and Department policy for evaluation, budget regulatory proposals that may affect and financial management, personnel execution of the asset forfeiture program. management and training, equal Professional Responsibility The Office opportunity programs, automatic data of Professional Responsibility, which processing and telecommunications, reports directly to the Attorney General, security, records management, is responsible for investigating procurement, real property and materiel allegations of criminal or ethical management, and for all other matters misconduct by employees of the Justice pertaining to organization, management, Department. The Counsel on and administration. Professional Responsibility heads the The Division provides direct Office, the role of which is to ensure administrative support services, such as that departmental employees continue to personnel, accounting, payroll, perform their duties in accordance with procurement, budget, and facilities and the high professional standards expected property management to the offices, of the Nation’s principal law boards, and divisions of the Department; enforcement agency. and operates several central services, All allegations of misconduct against such as automated data processing. Department attorneys that relate to the The Division develops and exercise of their discretion to investigate, promulgates Departmentwide policies, litigate, or provide legal advice are standards, and procedures for the reported to the Office of Professional management of automated information Responsibility. The Office also has processing resources and for the jurisdiction to investigate allegations of directive system and reviews their misconduct by law enforcement implementation. The Division collects, personnel when they are related to organizes, and disseminates recorded allegation of misconduct by attorneys information that is necessary for the within the Office’s jurisdiction. The Department to carry out its statutory Office usually conducts its own mandate and provides general research investigations into allegations. and reference assistance regarding The Office may also participate in or information to Department staff, other direct an investigation conducted by Government attorneys, and members of another component of the Department, the public. or may simply monitor an investigation Asset Forfeiture Management Staff conducted by an appropriate agency (AFMS) The Staff has responsibility for having jurisdiction over the matter. In the administrative management functions addition, the Office oversees the internal of the asset forfeiture program in the inspection operations of the Federal Department of Justice. These functions Bureau of Investigation and Drug include management of the Department Enforcement Administration. of Justice Asset Forfeiture Fund (AFF) The Counsel submits an annual report including interpretation of the AFF to the Attorney General that reviews and statute; implementation and operation of evaluates the Department’s internal the Consolidated Asset Tracking System inspection units. The Counsel makes (CATS); management of both internal recommendations to the Attorney and external budget processes regarding General on the need for changes in AFF monies; managing investment of policies or procedures that become AFF and Seized Asset Deposit Fund evident during the course of internal (SADF) surplus balances; development, inquiries reviewed or initiated by the administration, and oversight of asset Office. forfeiture program-wide contracts; Intelligence Policy and Review The review, audit, and evaluation of asset Office of Intelligence Policy and Review, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 333 under the direction of the Counsel to the resolution of bankruptcy cases; monitors Attorney General for Intelligence Policy, the conduct of parties, takes action to is responsible for advising the Attorney ensure compliance with applicable laws General on all matters relating to the and procedures, and identifies and national security activities of the United investigates bankruptcy fraud and abuse; States. The Office also serves as adviser and oversees administrative functions in to the Attorney General and various bankruptcy cases. The Program is funded client agencies, including the Central by the U.S. Trustee System Fund, which Intelligence Agency, the Federal Bureau consists mainly of filing fees paid by of Investigation, the National Security debtors invoking the protections of the Agency, and the Defense and State bankruptcy laws. Departments, concerning questions of The U.S. Trustees supervise the law, regulation, and guidelines as well administration of four of the five types of as the legality of domestic and overseas bankruptcy proceedings defined under intelligence operations. the Bankruptcy Code. These are: The Office prepares and files all —proceedings under chapter 7 in applications for surveillances and which the assets of the debtor are searches under the Foreign Intelligence liquidated; Surveillance Act of 1978, assists —reorganization proceedings under Government agencies by providing legal chapter 11 for rehabilitation of the advice on matters of national security business debtor; law and policy and represents the —adjustments of debts of a family Department of Justice on a variety of farmer with regular income under interagency committees. The Office also chapter 12; and comments on and coordinates other —adjustment of debts of an individual agencies’ views regarding proposed with regular income under chapter 13, legislation affecting national security and pursuant to which an individual can intelligence matters. The Office maintains an Intelligence discharge debts by arranging for Analytic Unit (IAU) to keep the Attorney payments over a period of time. The General, Deputy Attorney General, and U.S. Trustee does not have a significant other senior Department officials role in proceedings under chapter 9, currently informed on matters pertaining which relates to the adjustment of debts to their responsibilities. of a municipality. Executive Office for United States Specific responsibilities of the U.S. Attorneys (EOUSA) The Office was Trustees include: created on April 6, 1953, by Attorney —appointing and supervising the General Order No. 8–53, to meet a need performance of private trustees in for a closer liaison between the individual cases; Department of Justice in Washington, —appointing and convening creditors’ DC, and the U.S. attorneys. The Office is committees in chapter 11 corporate under the supervision of the Deputy reorganization cases; Attorney General. —reviewing applications for the The mission of EOUSA is to provide retention of professionals and the general executive assistance to the 94 payment of fees; Offices of the U.S. attorneys and to —reviewing disclosure statements and coordinate the relationship between the submitting statements to the court U.S. attorneys and the organization regarding their adequacy; components of the Department of Justice —appointing trustees or examiners in and other Federal agencies. such cases as needed; U.S. Trustee Program The U.S. Trustee —ensuring that the assets involved in Program acts in the public interest to bankruptcy cases are protected during promote the efficiency and to protect the administration of cases; and preserve the integrity of the —serving as trustees in chapters 7, 12, bankruptcy system. It works to secure and 13 cases where private trustees are the just, speedy, and economical unwilling to serve; and 334 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

—presenting matters relating to the and control are provided by the Director Bankruptcy Code in court. of the Executive Office for U.S. Trustees Executive Office for U.S. Trustees The who is appointed by the Attorney Attorney General is charged with the General. The Executive Office also appointment, supervision, and provides administrative and management coordination of the U.S. Trustees and support to individual U.S. Trustee Assistant U.S. Trustees. Day-to-day Offices. policy and legal direction, coordination,

For further information, contact the Executive Office for U.S. Trustees, Department of Justice, Suite 700, 901 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–307–1391.

Divisions Antitrust Division promote deregulation and eliminate The Assistant Attorney General in charge unjustifiable exemptions from the of the Antitrust Division is responsible antitrust laws, participation on executive for promoting and maintaining branch policy task forces, and competitive markets by enforcing the publication of reports on regulated Federal antitrust laws. Such enforcement, industry performance. The Division which is the principal function of the provides formal advice to other agencies Division, involves investigating possible on the competitive implications of antitrust violations, conducting grand proposed transactions requiring Federal jury proceedings, preparing and trying approval, such as construction of nuclear antitrust cases, prosecuting appeals, and powerplants and mergers of financial negotiating and enforcing final judgments. The antitrust laws affect institutions. It also consults with Federal virtually all industries and apply to every agencies on a variety of other matters, phase of business, including including the issuance of Federal coal manufacturing, transportation, and oil drilling leases and the disposition distribution, and marketing. They of surplus Government property. prohibit a variety of practices that In addition, the Antitrust Division restrain trade, such as price-fixing represents the United States in judicial conspiracies, corporate mergers likely to proceedings to review certain orders of reduce the competitive vigor of regulatory agencies and provides direct particular markets, and predatory acts designed to achieve or maintain court representation for the Secretary of monopoly power. The Division the Treasury in certain Bureau of prosecutes serious and willful violations Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms cases. It of the antitrust laws by filing criminal also participates in Federal Trade suits that can lead to large fines and jail Commission cases before the Supreme sentences. Where criminal prosecution is Court. not appropriate, the Division seeks a In the international law area, the court order forbidding future violations Division represents the United States on of the law and requiring steps by the the Committee on Competition Law and defendant to remedy the anticompetitive effects of past violations. Policy of the Organization for Economic The Division also is responsible for Cooperation and Development, acting as an advocate of competition participates in the United Nations within the Federal Government. This Conference on Trade and Development, involves formal appearances in Federal and, through the Department of State, administrative agency proceedings, maintains liaison with foreign development of legislative initiatives to DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 335 governments on antimonopoly laws and Tort litigation more specifically policies. includes the defense of all Federal Tort Claims Act suits against the United For further information, contact the FOIA Unit, Antitrust Division, Department of Justice, 325 States, and the prosecution of suits in Seventh Street NW., Washington, DC 20530. tort on behalf of the United States. Suits Phone, 202–514–2692. and administrative claims for death, personal injury, and property damage Civil Division brought under the Tort Claims Act allege The Civil Division represents the United negligence on the part of Government States, its departments and agencies, employees acting within the scope of Members of Congress, Cabinet officers, their employment and involve matters and other Federal employees. Its such as the operation of Government litigation reflects the diversity of vehicles, the maintenance of Government activities, involving, for Government premises, and the example, the defense of challenges to performance of Federal services and regulatory functions such as medical Presidential actions; national security treatment, hospital care, and the control issues; benefit programs; energy policies; of civilian, military, and commercial air commercial issues such as contract traffic. In addition, the Torts Branch disputes, banking, insurance, patents, defends petitions filed pursuant to the fraud, and debt collection; all manner of Vaccine Injury Compensation Program accident and liability claims; and and is responsible for administering the violations of the immigration and Radiation Exposure Compensation Act. consumer protection laws. Each year, Tort litigation also includes all legal Division attorneys handle thousands of proceedings involving the United States cases that collectively involve billions of related to ships, shipping, navigable dollars in claims and recoveries. The waters, and workmen’s compensation. Division confronts significant policy The Division’s admiralty litigation issues, which often rise to constitutional includes suits for personal injury and dimensions, in defending and enforcing property damage involving vessels, shore various Federal programs and actions. installations, and maritime personnel, The Civil Division litigates cases in all equipment, and cargoes; suits arising out Federal district courts, the U.S. Courts of of contracts involving shipping, Appeals, the U.S. Court of Federal chartering of vessels, and the Claims, other Federal and State courts, construction, repair, and salvaging of and the courts of foreign nations. vessels; proceedings to enforce Division attorneys either conduct this navigation and shipping laws; and litigation personally or they supervise or litigation based on international maritime assist the U.S. attorneys and foreign agreements. counsel to whom the Division refers the Commercial Litigation The Commercial cases. The Division is composed of Litigation Branch is responsible for seven major groups: the Torts Branch, litigation associated with the the Commercial Litigation Branch, the Government’s diverse financial Federal Programs Branch, the Appellate involvements. Staff, the Office of Consumer Litigation, This litigation includes all monetary the Office of Immigration Litigation, and suits involving contracts, express or an Office of Management Programs. implied; actions to foreclose on Torts The Torts Branch is responsible Government mortgages and liens; for suits under the Federal Tort Claims bankruptcy and insolvency proceedings; Act, including medical malpractice, and suits against guarantors and sureties. aviation disasters, environmental and Branch attorneys bring suit under the occupational disease, and radiation and False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. 3729) for toxic substance exposure. It also handles the recovery of treble damages and civil maritime litigation and suits that seek penalties and alternative remedies, in personal monetary judgments against connection with fraud in the award or individual officers or employees. performance of Government contracts, 336 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL false claims presented in connection administrative functions of the with Federal programs, the submission of Government with respect to patent, false statements and vouchers to copyright, and trademark matters. This Government agencies, and the use of includes: other fraudulent devices in transactions —defense of patent infringement suits with the Government. These suits based on the liability of the United include those filed pursuant to the qui States for infringements in connection tam provisions of the False Claims Act, with the performance of Government in which private citizens with knowledge contracts; of fraud against the Government may file —legal proceedings to establish a lawsuit against the perpetrators on Government priority of invention; behalf of the United States and share in —suits for specific performance to a percentage of any monetary recovery. require transfer of rights and title and Branch attorneys also bring suits to payment of royalties; recover sums paid to bribe Government —suits to cancel patents acquired by officials and kickbacks in Government fraud upon the Patent Office; procurement. —defense of administrative acts of the The Branch is responsible for all cases Register of Copyrights; and in the U.S. Court of International Trade, —actions on behalf of the including suits brought by importers of Government involving the use of merchandise to challenge the trademarks. appraisement or classification of The Branch is also responsible for the imported goods or other decisions of the supervision of litigation in foreign courts U.S. Customs Service in its involving the United States as a party administration of the tariff laws and and suits against U.S. employees schedules. stationed abroad who are being sued in The Branch has responsibility for all the course of their Government service. litigation in the U.S. Court of Federal Additionally, the Branch renders Claims except for those cases assigned to international judicial assistance to the Environment and Natural Resources foreign and international tribunals. Division and the Tax Division. Included Federal Programs The Federal are: Programs Branch defends and asserts the —patent cases and suits arising out of programs, policies, and decisions of construction, procurement, service virtually all Federal departments and contracts, and claims associated with agencies, the President, Cabinet officers, contract terminations; —claims involving freight rate disputes Members of Congress, and other arising out of the transportation of Government officials. It defends against Government property; constitutional challenges to statutes, suits —claims for just compensation under to overturn Government policies and the fifth amendment; programs, and challenges to the legality —claims for salary or retirement by of Government decisions. These suits civilian and military personnel; and typically seek injunctive and declaratory —cases assigned by congressional relief and range from objections to the reference or special legislation. way that the Government deals with its Likewise, Branch attorneys handle the employees to allegations that the majority of cases before the Court of President has violated the Constitution or Appeals for the Federal Circuit. This Federal law. The Branch also initiates litigation involves appeals of decisions suits to enforce regulatory statutes and to made by the U.S. Court of Federal remedy or prevent statutory or regulatory Claims, the U.S. Court of Veterans violations. Appeals, Boards of Contract Appeals, the The areas of litigation include: Merit Systems Protection Board, and —defense of suits against the heads of Federal district courts. Federal departments and agencies and The Branch handles all litigation other government officials to enjoin involving the rights, liabilities, and official actions, as well as suits for DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 337 judicial review of administrative Federal agencies and with local decisions, orders, and regulations; enforcement agencies for the referral of —defense and prosecution of suits consumer complaints outside the involving national security, including jurisdiction of the Department of Justice. suits to protect sensitive intelligence Immigration Litigation The Office of sources and materials; Immigration Litigation is responsible for —prosecution of suits to prevent conducting civil litigation under the interference with Government Immigration and Nationality Act (8 operations; U.S.C. 1101) and related laws and for —litigation concerning the representing the United States in civil constitutionality of Federal legislation; litigation brought against employees of and —defense of suits involving the Immigration and Naturalization specialized statutes, such as the Freedom Service. In addition, this Office handles of Information Act, the Federal Advisory district court litigation, deportation Committee Act, and the Privacy Act. review proceedings, habeas corpus Appellate Staff The Appellate Staff has review and general advice, and primary responsibility for the litigation of immigration-related appellate matters. Civil Division cases in the appellate The Office is also responsible for cases courts. The Staff prepares Government pertaining to the issuance of visas and briefs and presents oral argument for the passports, and for litigation arising under cases. Additionally, the Appellate Staff the amnesty and employer sanctions participates in drafting all documents provisions of the Immigration Reform filed for these cases in the United States and Control Act of 1986 (8 U.S.C. Supreme Court, including briefs on the 1255a, 1324a), the criminal and terrorist merits, petitions for certiorari, and alien reforms of 1990 and 1996, and the jurisdictional statements. immigration enforcement reforms of the Consumer Litigation The Office of Illegal Immigration Reform and Consumer Litigation is responsible for Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996. civil and criminal litigation and related Management Programs The Office of matters arising under various consumer Management Programs provides protection and public health statutes, management and administrative services including the Federal Food, Drug, and to the Division, including policy analysis Cosmetic Act, the Federal Trade and planning, administrative Commission Act, the Consumer Product management, budget formulation and Safety Act, the Hazardous Substances execution, management information Act, and the Truth in Lending Act. The systems, office automation, and Office also serves as a liaison with other automated litigation support.

For further information, contact the Office of the Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division, Department of Justice, Tenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–514–3301.

Civil Rights Division Appellate Section The Appellate Section handles civil rights cases in the The Civil Rights Division, headed by an courts of appeals and, in cooperation Assistant Attorney General, was with the Solicitor General, in the established in 1957 to secure effective Supreme Court. The Section frequently Federal enforcement of civil rights. The participates in amicus curiae cases that Division is the primary institution within affect the Division, and provides counsel the Federal Government responsible for to the Department on civil rights and enforcing Federal statutes prohibiting appellate litigation. It handles all appeals discrimination on the basis of race, sex, from both favorable and adverse disability, religion, and national origin. judgments in which the Government The Division is composed of the participates. following Sections: 338 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Coordination and Review Section This under the ADA. The Section also Section coordinates the enforcement by certifies that State or local building Federal agencies of various civil rights codes meet or exceed the requirements statutes that prohibit discrimination on of the ADA. The Section is also the basis of race, color, national origin, responsible for carrying out the sex, and religion in programs and Department’s responsibilities under activities that receive Federal financial section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of assistance. The Section also conducts 1973. compliance reviews and investigates Educational Opportunities Section The complaints of discrimination on the basis Educational Opportunities Section of race, color, national origin, sex, age, enforces title IV of the Civil Rights Act of and religion in the services and activities 1964 and the Equal Educational of recipients of Federal financial Opportunities Act of 1974. In addition, it assistance from the Department of represents the Department of Education Justice. in certain suits filed against and on Criminal Section Under the Federal behalf of the Secretary of Education. The criminal civil rights statutes, the Criminal Section closely monitors approximately Section prosecutes conduct involving 400 school districts operating under conspiracies to interfere with federally desegregation court orders. protected rights, deprivation of rights Employment Litigation Section The under color of law, the use of force or Employment Litigation Section enforces threat of force to injure or intimidate the provisions of title VII of the Civil someone in their enjoyment of specific Rights Act of 1964, as amended, and rights (such as voting, housing, other Federal laws prohibiting employment, education, public facilities, employment practices that discriminate and accommodations), interference with on the grounds of race, sex, religion, and the free exercise of religious beliefs or national origin, as they apply to State damage to religious property, and the and local government employers. holding of a worker in a condition of Housing and Civil Enforcement Section slavery or involuntary servitude. More The Housing and Civil Enforcement recently, the Section began enforcing the Section has principal responsibility for criminal aspects of the new Freedom of enforcing the Fair Housing Act of 1968, Access to Clinic Entrances Act (FACE). as amended, which prohibits This statute prohibits conduct intended discrimination in housing on the basis of to injure, intimidate, or interfere with race, color, religion, sex, national origin, persons seeking to obtain or provide disability, and familial status. The act reproductive services. Also, a task force allows the Section to bring cases on staffed by attorneys from both the behalf of individuals where a complaint Criminal and Civil Rights Divisions was is filed with the Department of Housing created by the Attorney General to and Urban Development (HUD). determine if there is any organized Additionally, the Section enforces the criminal effort to commit violence upon Equal Credit Opportunity Act, which abortion providers. prohibits discrimination in credit Disability Rights Section This Section transactions; and title II of the Civil (previously the Public Access Section) Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits enforces Titles I, II, and III of the discrimination in places of public Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 accommodations, such as hotels, (ADA) and Department of Justice restaurants, and places of entertainment. regulations implementing these Office of Special Counsel for provisions, provides technical assistance Immigration Related Unfair Employment to entities covered by the ADA and to Practices The Office of Special Counsel persons protected by the ADA, and for Immigration Related Unfair coordinates the technical assistance Employment Practices was established efforts of all Federal agencies with pursuant to section 102 of the technical assistance responsibilities Immigration Reform and Control Act of DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 339

1986 (8 U.S.C. 1324b). The Special Accessibility for the Elderly and Counsel is responsible for investigating Handicapped Act, the Uniformed and and prosecuting charges of national Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act, origin and citizenship status the National Voter Registration Act of discrimination in hiring, firing, or 1993, and other statutory provisions recruitment. Jurisdiction over national designed to safeguard the right to vote of origin charges is limited to those not racial and language minorities, illiterate covered by the Equal Employment persons, individuals with disabilities, Opportunity Commission. Jurisdiction overseas citizens, persons who change over citizenship status is exclusive. their residence shortly before a The Special Counsel files complaints Presidential election, and persons 18 to before an administrative law judge based 20 years of age. on charges filed with this Office or on its Under section 2 of the Voting Rights own independent investigations. Appeals Act, the Section brings lawsuits to of administrative decisions are to the remedy discriminatory election practices. U.S. Courts of Appeals. Under section 5 of the Voting Rights Act, In addition, the Special Counsel the Section reviews voting changes coordinates with the Immigration and submitted to the Attorney General and Naturalization Service, the Equal defends section 5 litigation in court to Employment Opportunity Commission, assure that redistricting plans and other and other Federal agencies in promoting changes in voting practices and public awareness of the procedures do not abridge the right to antidiscrimination provisions of the act, vote of racial or language minorities. through employer and public interest Under section 8 of the Voting Rights Act, conferences, public service the Attorney General requests the announcements, and nationwide assignment of Federal observers—who distribution of enforcement information. generally are employees of the Office of Special Litigation Section The Special Personnel Management—to monitor Litigation Section is responsible for polling place activities on election day protecting the constitutional and statutory rights of persons confined in to document and deter discriminatory certain institutions owned or operated by practices. State or local governments, including Administrative Management Section facilities for individuals with mental and This Section supports the Division by developmental disabilities, nursing providing a diverse array of management homes, prisons, jails, and juvenile and technical services, including detention facilities where a pattern or personnel administration, budget practice of violations exist. This authority formulation and execution, facilities is granted by the Civil Rights of services, mail and file operations, and Institutionalized Persons Act. The Section automated systems. This Section also is also responsible for civil enforcement contains the Freedom of Information/ provisions of the Freedom of Access to Privacy Act Branch, which ensures that Clinic Entrances Act (FACE) which the Division complies with all aspects of prohibits force or the threat of force for the Freedom of Information and Privacy the purpose of interfering with the Acts. provision of reproductive services; and Another component of the the police misconduct provision of the Administrative Management Section is Violent Crime Control and Law the Office of Redress Administration, Enforcement Act of 1994, which gives which implements the responsibilities the Attorney General authority to remedy given to the Attorney General under patterns and practices of misconduct by section 105 of the Civil Liberties Act of certain law enforcement authorities. 1988. The Act provides for redress to Voting Section The Voting Section is American citizens and permanent responsible for the enforcement of the resident aliens of Japanese ancestry who Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Voting were evacuated, relocated, and interned 340 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL by the United States during World War for the courts of appeals and provides II. advice on Speedy Trial Act [of 1974] problems and a variety of other legal For further information, contact the Executive Officer, Civil Rights Division, Department of issues. Justice, P.O. Box 65310, Washington, DC 20035– Asset Forfeiture/Money Laundering 5310. Phone, 202–514–4224. Section The Section provides centralized management for the Criminal Division Department’s asset forfeiture program to The Criminal Division develops, ensure its integrity and maximize its law enforces, and supervises the application enforcement potential, while also of all Federal criminal laws, except those providing managerial direction to the specifically assigned to other divisions. Department’s components concerned The Division and the 93 U.S. attorneys with money laundering. The Section are responsible for overseeing criminal initiates, coordinates, and reviews matters under more than 900 statutes, as legislative and policy proposals well as certain civil litigation. In addition impacting on the asset forfeiture program to its direct litigation responsibilities, the and money laundering enforcement and Division formulates and implements serves as the Department’s contact for criminal enforcement policy and Congress, other executive branch provides advice and assistance. The agencies, and State and local law Division approves or monitors sensitive enforcement agencies. areas of law enforcement such as The Section works with the entire participation in the Witness Security spectrum of law enforcement and Program and the use of electronic regulatory agencies using an interagency, surveillance; advises the Attorney interdisciplinary, and international General, Congress, the Office of approach. The Section is mandated to Management and Budget, and the White coordinate multidistrict investigations and prosecutions; develop regulatory House of matters of criminal law; and legislative initiatives; ensure the provides legal advice and assistance to uniform application of forfeiture and Federal prosecutors and investigative money laundering statutes; litigate agencies; and provides leadership for complex, sensitive, and multidistrict coordinating international as well as cases; and provide litigation assistance to Federal, State, and local law the U.S. attorneys’ offices and Criminal enforcement matters. Division components. Office of Administration The Office of The Section oversees asset forfeiture Administration performs a wide range of and money laundering training and administrative and managerial functions conducts seminars for Federal for the components of the Criminal prosecutors, investigating agents, and Division, including budget preparation law enforcement personnel. It also and execution, personnel actions, produces legal publications and training computer support services, mail and materials to enhance its legal support records services, procurement, and functions. security. The Section also adjudicates all Appellate Section The Appellate petitions for remission or mitigation of Section prepares draft briefs and forfeited assets in judicial forfeiture certiorari petitions for the Solicitor cases, administers the Weed and Seed General to be filed in the U.S. Supreme Program and the Equitable Sharing Court; makes recommendations to the Program, and oversees the approval of Solicitor General as to whether further the placement of forfeited property into review on adverse decisions in the official use by Federal agencies. district courts and courts of appeals is Child Exploitation and Obscenity The necessary; and prepares briefs and Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section argues cases in the courts of appeals. (CEOS) is responsible for overseeing the The Section assists U.S. attorneys and Federal response to child sexual abuse Division prosecutors in preparing briefs and exploitation. In carrying out these DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 341 duties, CEOS attorneys work with U.S. that involve: multidistrict and attorneys’ offices and participate in the international activities; financial prosecution of violations of Federal law institutions; the insurance industry; involving child sexual exploitation, child Government programs and procurement sexual abuse on Federal lands (Indian procedures, including health care country, U.S. military installations, and providers, defense procurement fraud, U.S. parks, prisons, and buildings), child and Housing and Urban Development pornography, activities under the Mann fraud; the securities and commodities Act, and interstate and foreign exchanges; and multidistrict schemes commerce and mailing of obscene that involve consumer victimization, materials. CEOS attorneys also work with such as telemarketing. The Section Federal law enforcement officers to conducts investigations and prosecutes identify major offenders of the applicable on its own about 100 fraud cases of statutes and coordinate national national significance or great complexity investigative efforts. In addition to the annually. It also assists U.S. attorneys case litigation by Section attorneys, with cases, where requested. The Section CEOS provides training to assistant U.S. maintains a regional Bank Fraud Task attorneys and Federal law enforcement Force field office in Boston, MA. The agents as well as substantial assistance to Section also trains Federal agents and U.S. attorneys’ offices in the prosecution prosecutors through its conferences and and appeals of such cases. participation in other Federal Since CEOS’s formation in 1987, it has conferences. directed a substantial amount of its Computer Crime and Intellectual resources to the prosecution of child Property The Computer Crime and pornography. Working with the U.S. Intellectual Property Section (CCIP) is Postal Inspection Service and U.S. responsible for implementing the Customs Service, CEOS has coordinated Department’s Computer Crime Initiative, and helped with several successful a comprehensive program designed to undercover efforts to identify and address the growing global computer prosecute child pornography users. crime problem and ensure the Programs have also targeted the illegal appropriate protection of intellectual importation, distribution, sale, and property rights (copyrights, trademarks, possession of child pornography by and trade secrets). Section attorneys are computer. actively working with other Government CEOS participates in the development of legislative proposals and policy to agencies, the private sector (including address issues such as child pornography hardware and software vendors and and child molestation through telecommunications companies), computers; child prostitution; technical academic institutions, and foreign corrections to existing Federal laws on officials to develop a global response to child pornography and sexual abuse; cyber attacks and protect intellectual and changes to sentencing guidelines for property. These attorneys litigate cases, these crimes. provide litigation support to other Further, CEOS is responsible for prosecutors, train Federal law protection of the rights of children under enforcement personnel, comment upon the child victim-witness provisions of the and propose legislation, and coordinate Federal criminal code and under the international efforts to combat computer Child Support Recovery Act. It has also crime and thefts of intellectual property. been designated as the legal advisor to They also provide assistance in resolving the Morgan P. Hardiman Missing and the unique issues raised by emerging Exploited Children Task Force. computer and telecommunications Fraud The Fraud Section, the largest technologies. component of the Criminal Division, Internal Security The Internal Security directs and coordinates the Federal effort Section supervises the investigation and against fraud and white-collar crime, prosecution of cases affecting national focusing primarily on complex frauds security, foreign relations, and the export 342 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL of military and strategic commodities The Section plays a central and technology. The Section has coordinating role in a number of multi- exclusive responsibility for authorizing district, multi-agency initiatives and the prosecution of cases under criminal prosecutions, including the Southwest statutes relating to espionage, sabotage, Border Initiative (SWBI), the neutrality, and atomic energy. It provides Department’s priority narcotics legal advice to U.S. attorneys’ offices enforcement program targeting major and investigative agencies on all matters Mexican trafficking organizations. The within its area of responsibility, which Litigation Unit provides direct trial and includes 88 Federal statutes affecting appellate litigation support to U.S. national security. It also coordinates attorneys nationwide, with emphasis on criminal cases involving the application prosecutions that support the OCDETF, of the Classified Information Procedures HIDTA, and SWBI programs. These Act. The Section also administers and attorneys also litigate appeals arising enforces the Foreign Agents Registration from cases prosecuted by NDDS Act of 1938 and related disclosure attorneys and denials or revocations of statutes. controlled substance registrations by the Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs The Drug Enforcement Administrator. Narcotic and Dangerous Drug Section Enforcement Operations The Office of (NDDS) has supervisory jurisdiction of Enforcement Operations oversees the use those statutes pertaining to controlled of the most sophisticated investigative substances. Section attorneys participate tools at the Department’s disposal. It in the development and implementation reviews all Federal electronic of domestic and international narcotics surveillance requests and requests to law enforcement programs and policies, apply for court orders permitting the use and provide direct litigation support to of video surveillance; provides legal the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement advice to Federal, State, and local law Task Force (OCDETF) and High Intensity enforcement agencies on the use of Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) programs, Federal electronic surveillance statutes; to the Southwest Border and other multi- and assists in developing Department agency initiatives, and to U.S. attorneys policy on emerging technologies and in recusal matters or in cases where the telecommunications issues. It authorizes Section’s expertise is requested. NDDS or denies the entry of all applicants into attorneys represent the Department in the Federal Witness Security Program developing and administering other (WSP), coordinates and administers cooperative drug enforcement strategies, matters relating to all aspects of the WSP initiatives, and projects conducted by the among all program components, and law enforcement and intelligence approves or denies requests by Federal communities. agencies to utilize Federal prisoners for The Section Chief serves as the investigative purposes. The Office Department’s designated representative approves or reviews matters such as on several senior level committees of the witness immunity requests, transfer of prisoners to and from foreign countries intelligence and law enforcement to serve the remainder of their prison communities that plan and coordinate sentences, attorney and press subpoenas, joint international counternarcotics applications for S-visa status, and initiatives. Additionally, the Chief acts as disclosure of grand jury information. It the designated representative of the provides legal advice and assistance in a Federal Government in the wide variety of matters, such as crimes implementation of the joint U.S.- affecting government operations, mental Colombia evidence sharing initiative, competency and insanity, interstate intended to facilitate the successful property crimes, and crimes in Indian investigation and prosecution of major country. The Office processes all Colombian narcotics traffickers in requests for Criminal Division records Colombia. made pursuant to the Freedom of DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 343

Information Act and the Privacy Act, and caseload statistics, and other criminal assists U.S. attorneys’ offices in justice system information for various advocating the Division’s position in decisionmakers within the Department. civil litigation filed under these statutes. Professional Development and Training It registers entities as required by the The Office of Professional Development Gambling Devices Act of 1962. and Training furthers the goals of the International Affairs The Office of Criminal Division relating to its International Affairs supports the initiatives in international training and Department’s legal divisions, the U.S. criminal justice development. In this attorneys, and State and local regard, the Office coordinates the prosecutors regarding questions of training of judges and prosecutors foreign and international law, including abroad through various Government issues related to extradition and mutual agencies and U.S. embassies in South legal assistance treaties. The Office also and Central America, the Caribbean, coordinates all international evidence Russia, other newly independent states, gathering. In conjunction with the State and Central and Eastern Europe. Department, the Office engages in the The Office also serves as the negotiation of new extradition and mutual legal assistance treaties and Department’s liaison between various executive agreements throughout the private and public agencies that sponsor world. Office attorneys also participate visits to the United States for foreign on a number of committees established officials who are interested in the U.S. under the auspices of the United Nations legal system. The Office makes or and other international organizations that arranges presentations explaining the are directed at resolving a variety of U.S. criminal system process to hundreds international law enforcement problems, of international visitors each year. such as narcotics trafficking and money Special Investigations The Office of laundering. The Office maintains a Special Investigations detects and permanent field office in Rome. investigates individuals who took part in Policy and Legislation The legislative Nazi-sponsored acts of persecution component of the Office of Policy and abroad before and during World War II, Legislation (OPL) develops legislative and who subsequently entered, or seek proposals, legal memoranda, and to enter, the United States illegally and/ congressional testimony. It also prepares or fraudulently. It then takes appropriate comments on pending legislation legal action seeking their exclusion, affecting the Federal criminal justice denaturalization, and/or deportation. system, works closely with the U.S. Organized Crime and Racketeering Sentencing Commission on a variety of The Organized Crime and Racketeering sentencing-related issues, and provides Section coordinated the Department’s legal support to the Advisory Committee program to combat organized crime. The on Criminal Rules and Evidence of the principal enforcement efforts are Judicial Conference regarding the currently directed against traditional Federal rules of criminal procedure and groups—such as La Cosa Nostra families, the Federal rules of evidence. and emerging groups from Asia and The policy component of OPL Europe—such as Chinese Triads, the analyzes policy and management issues Sicilian Mafia, and Russian organized related to criminal law enforcement and crime. The Section supervises the the criminal justice system. It identifies investigation and prosecution of these problems and emerging trends; develops cases by Strike Force Units within U.S. options and recommendations; and attorneys’ offices in 21 Federal districts provides research, technical, and having a significant organized crime management support to the Assistant presence. These cases involve a broad Attorney General and other Division and spectrum of criminal statutes, including Department policy makers. The policy extortion, murder, bribery, fraud, staff also analyzes crime data, Federal narcotics, and labor racketeering. 344 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The Section is involved in setting implementation, and support of law national priorities for the organized enforcement efforts, legislative initiatives, crime program by coordinating with policies, and strategies relating to investigative agencies such as the international and domestic terrorism. Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Drug This includes the investigation and Enforcement Administration, and others; prosecution of acts of terrorism occurring and by working with the Attorney anywhere in the world which impact General’s Organized Crime Council, significant U.S. interests. The Section which is ultimately responsible for the coordinates the systematic collection and Federal Government’s policy in this area. analysis of data related to the In addition to its close supervision of investigation and prosecution of all Federal organized crime cases, the domestic terrorism cases, thereby Section maintains close control over all facilitating prevention of terrorist activity Government uses of the Racketeer through early detection. The Section Influenced and Corrupt Organizations coordinates interagency efforts to (RICO) statute, and provides extensive designate international terrorist advice to prosecutors about the use of organizations and their agents and to this powerful tool for cases involving investigate and prosecute support of patterns of serious criminal conduct. such organizations. The Section also In a more specialized context, the oversees the prosecution of domestic Section provides support for criminal prosecutions involving labor- violent crime offenses for which Federal management disputes, the internal affairs jurisdiction exists, as well as the of labor unions in the private sector, and prosecution of firearms and explosives the operation of employee pension and violations. In appropriate instances, welfare benefit plans. The Section Section attorneys assume direct maintains a cadre of experienced responsibility for the prosecution of prosecutors in its Litigation Unit who violent crime cases. The Section assists travel as needed to prosecute or assist in in the implementation of an initiative the prosecution of organized crime cases designed to deter criminals from in the various U.S. attorneys’ offices, possessing firearms by using Federal particularly in multi-defendant RICO firearms laws which generally provide cases, especially in the field of labor longer, and often mandatory, sentences racketeering. for gun offenses. Additionally, the Public Integrity The Public Integrity Section administers the national anti- Section oversees the Federal effort to violent-crime strategy, which focuses combat corruption through the particular attention on the investigation prosecution of elected and appointed and prosecution of gang-related crimes. public officials at all levels of Section attorneys provide legal advice to Government. The Section has exclusive Federal prosecutors concerning Federal jurisdiction over allegations of criminal statutes relating to murder, assault, misconduct by Federal judges, and also kidnapping, threats, robbery, weapons monitors the investigation and and explosives control, malicious prosecution of election and conflict of destruction of property, and aircraft and interest crimes. Section attorneys sea piracy. The Section also formulates prosecute selected cases against Federal, legislative initiatives and Department State, and local officials, and are policies relating to terrorism and violent available as a source of advice and crime, and coordinates such initiatives expertise to other prosecutors and to and strategies with other Government investigators. Since 1978, the Section agencies. has supervised the administration of the Executive Office for the Organized Independent Counsel provisions of the Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force Ethics in Government Act. The Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Terrorism and Violent Crime The Task Force (OCDETF) is a Federal drug Terrorism and Violent Crime Section is enforcement program that focuses responsible for the design, attention and resources on the disruption DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 345 and dismantling of major drug trafficking countries involved to ensure continued organizations. The Task Force provides a interest in and support of the program. framework for Federal, State, and local For further information, contact the Office of the law enforcement agencies to work Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division, together to target well-established and Department of Justice, Tenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. complex organizations that direct, Phone, 202–514–2601. finance, or engage in illegal narcotics trafficking and related crimes, including Environment and Natural Resources money laundering and tax violations, Division public corruption, illegal immigration, The Environment and Natural Resources weapons violations, and violent crimes. Division, formerly known as the Land The program has been in existence since and Natural Resources Division, is the 1982 and operates under the guidance Nation’s environmental lawyer. It is and oversight of the Attorney General. responsible for litigating cases ranging Utilizing the resources and expertise of from protection of endangered species, its 11 member Federal agencies, along to global climate change, to cleaning up with support from its State and local law the Nation’s hazardous waste sites. A enforcement partners, OCDETF has key Division responsibility is enforcing contributed to the successful prosecution civil and criminal environmental laws in and conviction of more than 44,000 order to protect its citizens’ health and members of criminal organizations and environment. The Division defends resulted in the seizure of cash and environmental challenges to Government property assets totaling more than $3 activities and programs and ensures that billion. environmental laws are implemented in The Executive Office for OCDETF a fair and consistent manner nationwide. It also represents the United States in all supports the work of over 2,500 Federal matters concerning the protection, use, agents and prosecutors and and development of the Nation’s natural approximately 6,000 State and local law resources and public lands, wildlife enforcement officers who participate in protection, Indian rights and claims, and OCDETF cases. The Executive Office, in the acquisition of Federal property. To conjunction with a council of carry out this broad mission, the Washington agency representatives, Division is organized into nine sections provides policy guidance and described below. coordination, administrative Environmental Crimes The management and support, collection and Environmental Crimes Section prosecutes reporting of statistical information, and individuals and corporate entities which budgetary planning, coordination, and have violated laws designed to protect disbursement. the environment. The Section works closely with the Federal Bureau of International Criminal Investigative Investigation and criminal investigators Training Assistance Program The from the Environmental Protection Office works to develop civilian, Agency (EPA) to enforce statutes such as community oriented law enforcement the Clean Air Act, the Comprehensive institutions in new and emerging Environmental Response, Compensation, democracies. The Office has broad and Liability Act (Superfund), and the responsibility for the program, including Resource Conservation and Recovery not only making all administrative Act, among others. arrangements but also setting program Environmental Enforcement The policy in conformance with U.S. policy Environmental Enforcement Section is as directed by the President and responsible for most of the affirmative Congress and maintaining effective civil litigation brought on behalf of EPA; liaison with the governments of the claims for damages to our natural 346 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL resources filed on behalf of the Federal wildlife laws and other laws Departments of Interior, Commerce, and protecting marine fish and mammals. Agriculture; claims for contribution Prosecutions focus on smugglers and against private parties for contamination black-market dealers in protected of public land; and recoupment of wildlife. Civil litigation, particularly money spent to clean up certain oil under the Endangered Species Act, often spills on behalf of the United States sets the needs of protected species Coast Guard. The Section supports the against the economic interests of both regulatory programs of its client agencies the Federal Government and private through litigation to obtain compliance enterprise. with environmental statutes, establishes a General Litigation The General credible deterrent against violation of Litigation Section is primarily responsible those laws, recoups Federal funds spent for litigation involving the use and to abate environmental contamination, protection of federally owned public and obtains funds to restore or replace lands and natural resources. Its varied natural resources damaged through oil docket comprises cases arising under spills or the release of hazardous more than 80 different land management substances into the environment. The and natural resource statutes including primary statutes within the Section’s the National Environmental Policy Act, scope of responsibility are: the the Federal Land Policy Management Comprehensive Environmental Response, Act, and the National Historic Compensation, and Liability Act Preservation Act. Cases address such (Superfund); the Clean Air Act; the Clean issues as water rights, land use plans, Water Act; the Resource Conservation timber and mineral production, and Recovery Act; the Safe Drinking landowner compensation, and trust Water Act; and the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. obligations to Indian tribes. Environmental Defense The Indian Resources The Indian Resources Environmental Defense Section Section represents the United States in its represents the United States, principally trust capacity for Indian tribes. These EPA, in suits challenging the suits include establishing water rights, Government’s administration of Federal establishing and protecting hunting and environmental laws. The lawsuits, which fishing rights, collecting damages for arise in Federal district and appellate trespass on Indian lands, and courts, include claims by industries that establishing reservation boundaries and regulations are too strict, claims by rights to land. environmental groups that Federal Land Acquisition The Land Acquisition standards are too lax, and claims by Section is responsible for acquiring land, States and citizens alleging that Federal either by direct purchase or through agencies are out of compliance with condemnation proceedings, for use by environmental standards. The Section the Federal Government for purposes also handles both defensive and ranging from establishing public parks to enforcement litigation involving the creating missile sites. The Section wetlands program under section 404 of attorneys seek to implement the the Clean Water Act. This requires protection of the fifth amendment in a persons wishing to fill or discharge waste way which is fair to both property into wetlands to first obtain a permit owners and taxpayers. The legal and from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. factual issues in such cases can include If this requirement is not met, the the power of the Federal Government to Section files a civil action seeking civil condemn property under specific acts of penalties and injunctive relief against the Congress; ascertainment of the fair violator. market value of property sought by the Wildlife and Marine Resources The Federal Government; applicability of Wildlife and Marine Resources Section local zoning regulations and problems tries both civil and criminal cases under related to subdivisions; capitalization of DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 347 income; and the admissibility of employees in actions arising out of the evidence. performance of their official duties, as Policy, Legislation, and Special well as representing other Federal Litigation The Policy, Legislation, and departments and agencies in their Special Litigation Section advises and dealings with State and local tax assists the Assistant Attorney General on authorities. In civil tax litigation the policy issues including coordination of Division’s responsibility involves cases in the Division’s international and the United States District Courts, the environmental justice activities. The United States Court of Federal Claims, Section directs the Division’s legislative the United States Courts of Appeals, and program, including testimony of Division the U. S. Supreme Court, as well as managers before congressional cases in the State courts. committees, and representation of the The Division represents the United Department in meetings with States in many different types of congressional staff and on interagency disputes, both civil and criminal, dealing groups that develop the administration’s with the interpretation of Federal tax position on legislation proposed or laws. For example, when the Internal passed by Congress. The Section also Revenue Service challenges a tax return litigates amicus cases, undertakes and determines a deficiency, the specially assigned litigation projects at taxpayer may pay the full amount of tax the trial and appellate levels, serves as assessed and then bring a suit against the the Division’s ethics office, and responds Government for refund. The Division to citizen requests under the Freedom of defends the Government in these refund Information Act. actions. Appeals The Appellate Section is Other areas of civil litigation in which responsible for handling all appeals in the Tax Division is involved on behalf of cases initially tried in lower courts by the Federal Government include: —suits brought by individuals to any of the sections within the Division. foreclose mortgages or to quiet title to In addition, the Section drafts the briefs property in which the United States is for all Division cases which reach the named as a party defendant because of Supreme Court and formulates the existence of a Federal tax lien on the recommendations to the Solicitor property; General that seek authority to appeal —suits brought by the United States to unfavorable decisions. collect unpaid assessments, to foreclose Executive Office The Executive Office Federal tax liens or determine the serves as administrator to the Division, priority of such liens, to obtain providing financial management, judgments against delinquent taxpayers, personnel, planning, procurement, office to enforce summonses, and to establish automation, and automated litigation tax claims in bankruptcy, receivership, support services. or probate proceedings; For further information, contact the Office of the —proceedings involving mandamus, Assistant Attorney General, Environment and injunctions, and other specific writs Natural Resources Division, Department of Justice, arising in connection with internal Tenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–514–2701. revenue matters; —suits against Internal Revenue Tax Division Service employees for damages claimed because of alleged injuries caused in the The Tax Division represents the United performance of their official duties; States and its officers in all civil and —suits against the Secretary of the criminal litigation arising under the Treasury, the Commissioner of Internal internal revenue laws, other than Revenue, or similar officials to test the proceedings in the United States Tax validity of regulations or rulings not in Court. While the Division’s primary the context of a specific refund action; client is the Internal Revenue Service, it —suits brought by the United States to also represents Federal officials and enjoin the promotion of abusive tax 348 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL shelters and to enjoin activities relating requests for assistance by the appropriate to aiding and abetting the U.S. attorney. In its efforts to deter understatement of tax liabilities of others; willful deception through prosecution of —suits brought by taxpayers for a criminal offenders, the Tax Division also judicial determination of the plays a significant role in curbing reasonableness of a jeopardy or organized crime, public corruption, termination assessment and the narcotics trafficking, and financial appropriateness of the amount; institution fraud. —proceedings brought against the Tax The primary functions of the Division Division and the Internal Revenue are to aid the Internal Revenue Service Service for disclosure of information in collecting the Federal revenue and to under the Freedom of Information Act; establish principles of law that will serve and —intergovernmental immunity suits in as guidelines to taxpayers and their which the United States resists attempts representatives, as well as to the Internal to apply a State or local tax to some Revenue Service, in the administration of activity or property of the United States. the Internal Revenue Code. As a result, The Division also collects judgments coordination with the Internal Revenue in tax cases. To this end, the Division Service’s administrative policies and the directs collection efforts and coordinates Treasury Department’s legislative tax with, monitors the efforts of, and concerns in developing litigating provides assistance to the various United postures is essential. States attorneys’ offices in collecting The Division also provides input into outstanding judgments in tax cases. the preparation of reports to the With respect to criminal tax litigation, Congress, the Office of Management and the Division prosecutes or supervises the Budget, and the Office of Legislative prosecution of all criminal offenses Affairs on pending or proposed committed under the internal revenue legislation and monitors congressional laws, including attempts to evade and activities with respect to matters of defeat taxes, willful failures to file returns interest to the Division. and to pay taxes, filing false returns and In accordance with the Attorney other deceptive documents, making false General’s program to enhance the statements to revenue officials, and other litigating skills of Department attorneys, miscellaneous offenses involving internal the Division conducts training programs revenue matters. These duties include for its attorneys, with special emphasis the institution of criminal proceedings on matters unique to tax litigation and and collaboration with U.S. attorneys in the development of advocacy skills. the conduct of litigation in the trial and appellate courts. Further, Tax Division For further information, contact the Office of the Assistant Attorney General, Tax Division, attorneys frequently conduct grand jury Department of Justice, Tenth Street and investigations and actual trials of Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. criminal tax cases, often as a result of Phone, 202–514–2901.

Bureaus Federal Bureau of Investigation facts, locating witnesses, and compiling evidence in cases involving Federal 935 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, jurisdiction. DC 20535. Phone, 202–324–3000 The Federal Bureau of Investigation was established in 1908 by the Attorney The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) General, who directed that Department is the principal investigative arm of the of Justice investigations be handled by its United States Department of Justice. It is own staff. The Bureau is charged with charged with gathering and reporting investigating all violations of Federal law DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 349 except those that have been assigned by operations. In addition to typical legislative enactment or otherwise to administrative functions performed by an another Federal agency. Its jurisdiction agency head, the Offices of General includes a wide range of responsibilities Counsel, Program Review, and Internal in the criminal, civil, and security fields. Affairs are within the Office and report Priority has been assigned to the five to the Director. areas that affect society the most: The Administration Division develops organized crime/drugs, counterterrorism, plans, programs, and policies concerning white-collar crime, foreign the acquisition, construction, and staffing counterintelligence, and violent crime. of new facilities, as well as budget On January 28, 1982, the Attorney development, financial management, General assigned concurrent jurisdiction procurement, and contracting. for the enforcement of the Controlled The Community Corrections and Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801) to the Detention Division is responsible for Bureau and the Drug Enforcement program development and contracts Administration (DEA). The DEA relating to community-based and Administrator reports to the Attorney detention programs, as well as General through the FBI Director. privatization and citizen participation. The Bureau also offers cooperative The Correctional Programs Division is services such as fingerprint identification, responsible for managing the laboratory examination, police training, correctional services (security) operations and the National Crime Information in Bureau institutions and case and unit Center to duly authorized law management, as well as religious and enforcement agencies. psychological services, drug treatment The Bureau headquarters in programs, programs for special needs Washington, DC, consists of nine offenders, and inmate systems. separate divisions, a Deputy Director, an Federal Prison Industries (trade name Office of the General Counsel, an Office UNICOR) is a wholly owned of Public and Congressional Affairs, an Government corporation whose mission Office of Equal Employment Opportunity is to provide employment and training Affairs, and a Director’s staff. opportunities for inmates confined in The Bureau’s investigations are Federal correctional facilities. UNICOR conducted through 56 field offices. Most manufactures a wide range of items— of its investigative personnel are trained from executive and systems furniture to at the FBI Academy in Quantico, VA. electronics, textiles, and graphics/ signage. Services performed by For further information, contact the Office of UNICOR’s inmates include data entry, Public and Congressional Affairs, Federal Bureau of Investigation, J. Edgar Hoover F.B.I. Building, Ninth printing, and furniture refinishing. The Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, corporation funds selected preindustrial, DC 20535. Phone, 202–324–2727. vocational, and experimental training programs. Bureau of Prisons The Health Services Division has 320 First Street NW., Washington, DC 20534. oversight responsibility for all medical Phone, 202–307–3198 and psychiatric programs; environmental and occupational health services; food The mission of the Bureau of Prisons is and nutrition services; and farm to protect society by confining offenders operations. in the controlled environments of prisons The Human Resource Management and community-based facilities that are Division provides personnel, training, safe, humane, and appropriately secure, and labor management within the and which provide work and other self- agency. Its functions also include pay improvement opportunities to assist and position management and offenders in becoming law-abiding recruitment. citizens. The Information, Policy, and Public The Executive Office of the Director Affairs Division encompasses the provides overall direction for agency Bureau’s Information Systems; Research 350 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and Evaluation; Security Technology; —providing support and protection for Office of Public Affairs; and Office of the Federal courts, including security for Policy and Information Resource over 700 judicial facilities and nearly Management. 2,000 judges and magistrates, as well as The National Institute of Corrections countless other trial participants such as provides technical assistance, jurors and attorneys; information services, and training for —apprehending most Federal fugitives; State and local corrections agencies —operating the Federal Witness throughout the country. It also provides Security program, ensuring the safety of technical assistance for selected foreign endangered government witnesses; governments. The Institute’s —maintaining custody of and administrative offices, Prison Division, transporting thousands of Federal and Community Corrections Division are prisoners annually; located in Washington, DC. Its Jails —executing court orders and arrest Division, Training Academy, and warrants; Information Center are located in —seizing, managing, and selling Longmont, CO. property forfeited to the Government by The Bureau is subdivided into six drug traffickers and other criminals, and geographic regions, each staffed with assisting the Justice Department’s asset field-qualified personnel who are forfeiture program; responsible for policy development and —responding to emergency oversight, providing operational circumstances, including civil guidance to field locations, and disturbances, terrorist incidents, and providing support functions in areas such other crisis situations, through its Special as auditing, technical assistance, budget, Operations Group, and restoring order in and personnel. Each regional office is riot and mob-violence situations; and headed by an experienced career Bureau —operating the U.S. Marshals Service manager who is a full member of the Training Academy. Bureau’s executive staff. The Director of the U.S. Marshals Service, who is appointed by the For further information, contact the Public Information Officer, Bureau of Prisons, Department President, supervises the operations of of Justice, Washington, DC 20534. Phone, 202– the Service throughout the United States 307–3198. and its territories, assisted by the Deputy Director, eight Assistant Directors, and a United States Marshals Service General Counsel. 600 Army Navy Drive, Arlington, VA 22202– For further information, contact the Office of 4210. Phone, 202–307–9000 Congressional and Public Affairs, U.S. Marshals Service, Department of Justice, Suite 1260, 600 The United States Marshals Service is the Army Navy Drive, Arlington, VA 22202. Phone, Nation’s oldest Federal law enforcement 202–307–9065. agency, having served as a vital link between the executive and judicial United States National Central branches of the Government since 1789. Bureau–International Criminal Today, the Presidentially appointed Police Organization marshals and their support staff of Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202–616– approximately 3,700 deputy marshals 9000 and administrative personnel operate from 427 office locations in all 94 The U.S. National Central Bureau Federal judicial districts nationwide, (USNCB) represents the United States in from Guam to Puerto Rico, and from INTERPOL, the International Criminal Alaska to Florida. Police Organization. Also known as The Marshals Service performs tasks INTERPOL—Washington, USNCB that are essential to the operation of provides an essential communications virtually every aspect of the Federal link between the U.S. police community justice system. The Service is responsible and their counterparts in the foreign for: member countries. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 351

INTERPOL is an association of 179 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and countries dedicated to promoting mutual Firearms; Office of the Comptroller of assistance among law enforcement the Currency; Office of the Inspector authorities in the prevention and General, Department of Agriculture; U.S. suppression of international crime. With Postal Inspection Service; Bureau of no police force of its own, INTERPOL Diplomatic Security, Department of has no powers of arrest or search and State; Federal Law Enforcement Training seizure. Instead, INTERPOL serves as a Center; Financial Crimes Enforcement channel of communication among the Network; Environmental Protection police of the member countries, and Agency; and the Massachusetts State provides a forum for discussions, Police. working group meetings, and symposia Under the State Liaison Program, to enable police to focus on specific States establish an office within their areas of criminal activity affecting their own law enforcement community to countries. serve as liaison to USNCB. International United States participation in leads developed in criminal INTERPOL began in 1938 by investigations being conducted by a congressional authorization, designating State or local police entity can be the Attorney General as the official pursued through their Liaison Office, and representative to the organization. criminal investigative requests from INTERPOL operations were interrupted abroad are funneled through the relevant during World War II, but resumed in State liaison office for action by the 1947. appropriate State or local agency. All 50 The Attorney General officially States now participate in the liaison designated the Secretary of the Treasury program, which is currently coordinated as the U.S. representative to INTERPOL by a representative from the in 1958, and the U.S. National Central Massachusetts State Police. Bureau was established within the USNCB has two sub-bureaus which Treasury Department in 1969. In 1977, serve to more effectively address the law an arrangement was effected between enforcement needs of U.S. territories. Justice and Treasury officials establishing The sub-bureaus are located in San Juan, dual authority in administering USNCB. Puerto Rico; and Pago Pago, American This Memorandum of Understanding Samoa. designates the Attorney General as the permanent representative to INTERPOL For further information, contact the U.S. National Central Bureau–INTERPOL, Washington, DC 20530. and the Secretary of the Treasury as the Phone, 202–616–9000. alternate representative. The Bureau operates through Immigration and Naturalization cooperative efforts with Federal, State, Service and local law enforcement agencies. Programs and initiatives, such as the 425 I Street NW., Washington, DC 20536. State Liaison Program and the Canadian Phone, 202–514–4316, 4330, or 4354 Interface Project, broaden the scope of U.S. investigative resources to include [For the Immigration and Naturalization Service the international community, thus statement of organization, see the Code of Federal forming an integral part of the United Regulations, Title 8, Aliens and Nationality] States efforts to confront the problem of The Immigration and Naturalization international crime. Service (INS) was created by act of Federal and State law enforcement March 3, 1891 (8 U.S.C. 1551 note), agencies represented at the USNCB and its purpose and responsibilities were include the Federal Bureau of further specified by the Immigration and Investigation; U.S. Marshals Service; Nationality Act, as amended (8 U.S.C. Drug Enforcement Administration; 1101 note), which charges the Attorney Immigration and Naturalization Service; General with the administration and U.S. Customs Service; U.S. Secret enforcement of its provisions. The Service; Internal Revenue Service; Attorney General has delegated authority 352 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL to the Commissioner of the Immigration The Drug Enforcement Administration and Naturalization service to carry out (DEA) is the lead Federal agency in these provisions of immigration law. enforcing narcotics and controlled Overall policy and executive direction substances laws and regulations. It was flow from the Washington, DC, created in July 1973, by Reorganization headquarters office through 3 regional Plan No. 2 of 1973 (5 U.S.C. app.), offices to 33 district offices and 21 which merged four separate drug law border patrol sectors throughout the enforcement agencies. United States. INS also maintains three The Administration enforces the district offices in Bangkok, Thailand; provisions of the controlled substances Mexico City, Mexico; and Rome, Italy. and chemical diversion and trafficking The Service carries out its mission laws and regulations of the United through operational programs in States, and operates on a worldwide adjudications and nationality, basis. It presents cases to the criminal inspections, investigations, and detention and civil justice systems of the United and deportation, as well as the U.S. States—or any other competent Border Patrol. These programs are jurisdiction—on those significant divided into the following mission organizations and their members responsibilities: involved in cultivation, production, —facilitating entry of those legally smuggling, distribution, or diversion of admissible as visitors or immigrants to controlled substances appearing in or the United States; destined for illegal traffic in the United —granting benefits under the States. DEA immobilizes these Immigration and Nationality Act, as organizations by arresting their members, amended, including providing assistance confiscating their drugs, and seizing their to those seeking asylum, temporary or assets; and creates, manages, and permanent resident status, or supports enforcement-related programs— naturalization; domestically and internationally—aimed —preventing improper entry and the at reducing the availability of and granting of benefits to those not legally demand for controlled substances. entitled to them; The Administration’s responsibilities —apprehending and removing those include: aliens who enter or remain illegally in —investigation of major narcotic the United States and/or whose stay is violators who operate at interstate and not in the public interest; and international levels; —Enforcing sanctions against those —seizure and forfeiture of assets who act or conspire to subvert the derived from, traceable to, or intended requirements for selective and controlled to be used for illicit drug trafficking; entry, including sanctions against —enforcement of regulations employers who knowingly hire aliens governing the legal manufacture, not authorized to work in the United distribution, and dispensing of controlled States. substances; The Service also has a firm —management of a national narcotics commitment to strengthen criminal intelligence system; investigations and seek the most effective —coordination with Federal, State, deterrents to illegal immigration. and local law enforcement authorities For further information, contact the Office of and cooperation with counterpart Information, Immigration and Naturalization agencies abroad; and Service, Department of Justice, 425 I Street NW., —training, scientific research, and Washington, DC 20536. Phone, 202–514–4316, information exchange in support of drug 4330, or 4354. traffic prevention and control. The Administration manages the El Drug Enforcement Administration Paso Intelligence Center (EPIC), a 24- 600–700 Army Navy Drive, Arlington, VA hour tactical drug intelligence center, 22202. Phone, 202–307–1000; FTS, 367– which utilizes DEA and Federal 1000 personnel from 13 other agencies. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 353

The Administration concentrates its and coordinates policy; focuses efforts efforts on high-level narcotics smuggling on the priorities established by the and distribution organizations in the President and the Attorney General; and United States and abroad, working promotes coordination among the five closely with such agencies as the major bureaus or offices within OJP. Customs Service, the Internal Revenue These are: Bureau of Justice Assistance, Service, and the Coast Guard. It also Bureau of Justice Statistics, National chairs the 11-agency National Narcotics Institute of Justice, Office of Juvenile Intelligence Consumers Committee, Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and which develops an annual report on Office for Victims of Crime. drug production, trafficking, and abuse Through the programs developed and trends. financed by its bureaus and offices, OJP Approximately 400 Administration works to form partnerships among compliance investigators enforce Federal, State, and local government regulation of the legal manufacture and officials to control drug abuse and distribution of prescription drugs. The trafficking, rehabilitate crime-ridden agency also maintains an active training neighborhoods, improve the program for narcotics officers in other administration of justice in America, Federal, State, and local agencies—as meet the needs of crime victims, and well as foreign police. find innovative ways to address The Administration maintains liaison problems such as gang violence, prison with the United Nations, INTERPOL, and crowding, juvenile crime, and white- other organizations on matters relating to collar crime. The functions of each international narcotics control programs. bureau or office are interrelated. For It has offices throughout the United example, the statistics generated by the States and in 50 foreign countries. Bureau of Justice Statistics may drive the For further information, contact the Public Affairs research that is conducted through the Section, Drug Enforcement Administration, National Institute of Justice and the Department of Justice, Washington, DC 20537. Phone, 202–307–7977. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Research Office of Justice Programs results may generate new programs that receive support from the Bureau of 633 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC Justice Assistance and the Office of 20531. Phone, 202–307–0781 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency The Office of Justice Programs (OJP) was Prevention. established by the Justice Assistance Act Although some research and technical of 1984 and reauthorized in 1994 to assistance is provided directly by OJP’s provide Federal leadership, coordination, bureaus and offices, most of the work is and assistance needed to make the accomplished through Federal financial Nation’s justice system more efficient assistance to scholars, practitioners, and and effective in preventing and State and local governments. controlling crime. OJP and its five Program bureaus and offices award program bureaus are responsible for formula grants to State agencies, which, collecting statistical data and conducting in turn, subgrant funds to units of State analyses; identifying emerging criminal and local government. Formula grant justice issues; developing and testing programs—drug control and system promising approaches to address these improvement, juvenile justice, victims issues; evaluating program results, and compensation, and victims assistance— disseminating these findings and other are administered by State agencies information to State and local designated by each State’s Governor. governments. Discretionary grant programs usually are The Office is headed by an Assistant announced in the Federal Register, and Attorney General who, by statute and applications are made directly to the delegation of authority from the Attorney sponsoring Office of Justice Programs General, establishes, guides, promotes, bureau or office. 354 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) The offenders, victims of crime, and the Bureau is the primary funding source for operation of justice systems at all levels grants to State and local law of government and internationally. The enforcement agencies. In addition to Bureau provides data which is critical to funding crime prevention and control Federal, State, and local policymakers in projects, BJA provides training, technical combating crime and ensuring that assistance, evaluation, and justice is both efficient and evenhanded. comprehensive strategic planning to The Bureau also assists State criminal justice practitioners. The governments in developing capabilities Bureau’s mission is to provide leadership in criminal justice statistics and and assistance in support of local improving the quality of criminal justice criminal justice strategies to achieve safe records and information systems. communities. Its goals are to promote The National Crime Victimization effective, innovative crime control and Survey (NCVS) is the second largest prevention strategies; to demonstrate and ongoing household survey undertaken by promote replication of effective crime the Federal Government, and is the only control programs which support public/ national forum for victims to private partnerships, planning, and systematically describe how crime affects criminal justice system improvement; them and the characteristics of those and to leverage and efficiently who committed the crime against them. administer available resources. During a collection year, a nationally The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 (42 representative sample of more than U.S.C. 3750) established the Edward 100,000 persons residing in about Byrne Memorial State and Local Law 49,000 households is interviewed by Enforcement Assistance Program. Under representatives of the Bureau of the this authorization, Congress appropriates Census in order to obtain data on the funds to BJA for awards to the States to impact, frequency, and consequences of implement violent crime control and criminal victimization in the United illegal drug reduction strategies. Other States. BJA discretionary awards are made for Other statistical series cover innovative programs such as Tribal populations under correctional Strategies Against Violence, Firearms supervision, Federal criminal offenders Trafficking, and a Comprehensive and case processing, criminal justice Homicide Initiative. Earmarked funds are expenditures and employment, felony used for special programs such as convictions, pretrial release practices, Operation Weed and Seed, National characteristics of correctional Crime Prevention Council Campaigns populations, prosecutorial practices and (McGruff, The Crime Dog), and Drug policies, profile of civil cases, and the Abuse Resistance Education. The Bureau administration of law enforcement also administers line-item appropriations agencies and correctional facilities. for national programs such as the The Bureau maintains more than two Regional Information Sharing System dozen major data collection series and Program and the Public Safety Officers’ publishes a wide variety of reports Benefits Program. annually which receive nationwide The Bureau expects, measures, and distribution. reports results in the following broad The Bureau supports a statistical areas of award investment: component in the National Criminal comprehensive programs, crime Justice Reference Service. The Bureau of prevention, law enforcement, Justice Statistics Clearinghouse provides adjudication, corrections/options, reference services for people requesting evaluation, systems improvement, and information, maintains a mailing list, and information dissemination. distributes Bureau publications. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) The The Bureau also manages the Drugs Bureau is responsible for collecting, and Crime Clearinghouse, funded by the analyzing, publishing, and disseminating Office of National Drug Control Policy, statistical information on crime, criminal which disseminates BJA, ONDCP, and DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 355 other drug-related crime documents; techniques for planning, financing, and serves as the sole repository with public constructing new prisons and jails. access for the BJA State Drug Control In addition, NIJ works to fulfill the Strategies and the individual U.S. information needs of the criminal justice attorneys’ reports; produces national system by publishing and disseminating directories of State and local drug-related reports and other materials from its agencies, topical fact sheets, research, demonstration, evaluation, and bibliographies, and other special reports; other programs; provides training and maintains a library and database; and technical assistance to justice officials on responds to telephone, mail, and innovations developed through its electronic requests for information. programs; and serves as the national and international clearinghouse of justice For further information, contact the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Phone, 800–732–3277 (toll-free). information for Federal, State, and local Internet, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/. governments. National Institute of Justice (NIJ) The For further information, contact the National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Phone, 1–800– Institute sponsors research and 851–3420. development programs designed to improve and strengthen the criminal Office of Juvenile Justice and justice system and reduce or prevent Delinquency Prevention The Office crime. It also conducts national was created by the Juvenile Justice and demonstration projects that employ Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 innovative or promising approaches for U.S.C. 5601) in response to national improving criminal justice, and develops concern about juvenile crime. It is the new technologies to fight crime and primary Federal agency for addressing improve criminal justice. juvenile crime and delinquency and the The Institute conducts evaluations to problem of missing and exploited determine the effectiveness of criminal children. The Office is comprised of five justice programs, particularly programs divisions. funded by the Bureau of Justice The State Relations and Assistance Assistance and Crime Act Program Division oversees the Formula Grants offices within the Office of Justice Program. States can receive formula Programs and the Community Oriented grants to help implement delinquency Policing Services (COPS) Office, and prevention, control, and system identifies programs that promise to be improvement programs, including the successful if continued or replicated in core requirements of the Juvenile Justice other jurisdictions. For example, it has and Delinquency Prevention Act. These evaluated the effectiveness of innovative core requirements include drug control programs, including deinstitutionalizing status offenders, community-oriented policing, separating juveniles from adult offenders community antidrug initiatives, Weed in institutions, removing juveniles from and Seed multijurisdictional task forces, adult jails and lockups, and addressing and drug testing programs. the disproportionate confinement of The Institute’s evaluations of new minority youth. Technical assistance is approaches for holding offenders provided to States and communities to accountable for their crimes has enhance their programs. The Division provided invaluable information also administers the Title V Prevention regarding such programs as drug courts, Incentive Grants Program and the State bootcamps, youth challenge camps, Challenge Grants Program. intensive community supervision, The Special Emphasis Division specialized probation, and prison work- provides funds directly to public and release programs. The corrections private nonprofit agencies and information exchange system at NIJ individuals to foster new approaches to assists State and local officials in delinquency prevention and control and exchanging information on innovative the improvement of the juvenile justice and cost-effective concepts and system. The Division focuses on such 356 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL areas as serious, violent, and chronic The Missing Children’s Program was juvenile offenders; gangs; at-risk female created in 1984 by the Missing juvenile offenders; and school dropouts. Children’s Assistance Act to provide The Research and Program Federal leadership in ensuring that every Development Division sponsors research practical step is taken in recovering and studies about national trends in missing children, reuniting them with juvenile delinquency and drug use, their families, and prosecuting abductors. serious juvenile crime, the causes of The Program serves as a central focus for delinquency, prevention strategies, research, data collection, policy program evaluation, and improvement of development, training professionals in the juvenile justice system. It is also the field, and providing information responsible for program evaluation, about missing and exploited children. It statistics, and demonstration programs. also funds the National Center for The Training and Technical Assistance Missing and Exploited Children, which Division funds training for juvenile operates a national toll-free telephone justice practitioners, policymakers, and line and serves as a national information organizations and provides technical clearinghouse. assistance in planning, funding, Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) The establishing, operating, and evaluating Office serves as the Justice Department’s juvenile delinquency programs. In chief advocate for crime victims and addition, the Division administers their families. This includes carrying out juvenile court and prosecutor training, court-appointed special advocates, and the activities mandated by the Victims of children’s advocacy center programs Crime Act of 1984 (VOCA), as amended under the Victims of Child Abuse Act of (42 U.S.C. 10601 note); monitoring 1990 (42 U.S.C. 13001). compliance with the provisions The Information Dissemination Unit regarding assistance for Federal crime conducts a wide variety of information victims of the Victim and Witness dissemination activities for the Office in Protection Act of 1982; and support of its statutory mandate to serve implementing the recommendations of as a clearinghouse and information the President’s Task Force on Victims of center for the preparation, publication, Crime, and the Attorney General’s Task and dissemination of information on Force on Family Violence. juvenile delinquency and missing A Crime Victims Fund was created by children. The Unit also monitors the VOCA in the U.S. Treasury to provide operations of the Juvenile Justice Federal financial assistance to State Clearinghouse, which collects, stores, governments to compensate and assist and disseminates the Office’s and other victims of crime. Monies in the fund juvenile justice-related publications. The come from fines and penalties assessed toll-free telephone number is 1–800– on convicted Federal defendants. The 638–8736. Office awards grants to States to Programs The Concentration of Federal compensate crime victims for expenses, Efforts Program and the Missing such as medical costs, resulting from Children’s Program are also under the their victimization. Grants also are Office’s direction. The Concentration of awarded to State governments to support Federal Efforts Program coordinates State and local programs that provide Federal programs dealing with juvenile direct assistance to crime victims and delinquency and assists Federal agencies their families. Priority for victim that have responsibility for delinquency assistance funds is given to programs prevention and treatment. It also providing direct services to victims of promotes interagency cooperation in sexual assault, spouse abuse, and child eliminating duplicate efforts and abuse. States also must use grant funds provides direction for the use of Federal to assist previously underserved victim resources in facilitating a populations, such as victims of drunk comprehensive, unified Federal juvenile drivers or the families of homicide justice policy. victims. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 357

A small portion of the Crime Victims been, or potentially could be, victimized Fund is available to support services for by violence. The programs emphasize victims of Federal crimes. Programs enhanced delivery of services to women under this initiative have focused on victimized by violence, and work to developing victim assistance services for strengthen outreach efforts to minorities Federal crime victims in Indian country, and disabled women. The Office creating a Federal crime victim provides technical assistance to State assistance fund for use by U.S. attorneys and tribal government officials in offices to pay for emergency services for planning innovative and effective Federal crime victims, and assisting criminal justice responses to violent Native American child abuse victims. crimes committed against women. The In collaboration with other agencies Office provides Indian tribal and groups, OVC administers numerous governments with funds to develop and projects serving the victims of drug- strengthen the tribal justice system’s related crimes. The Office also supports response to violent crimes committed demonstration, training, and technical against Native American women through assistance programs to improve and a discretionary grant program. coordinate services to crime victims. Drug Court Program Office The Drug Examples of grants are: training projects Office was established to support the that improve or expand victim services development and implementation of provided by particular groups of effective Drug Court programming at the professionals such as law enforcement State, local, and tribal level. The Office officers, prosecutors, judges, and administers the Drug Court Grant probation, parole, and corrections Program as authorized by Title V of the personnel; projects that address special Violent Crime Control and Law needs of victims of particular types of Enforcement Act of 1994. crimes such as sexual assault, bias- This discretionary grant program related crimes, elder abuse, and assists local units of government in the workplace violence; and projects that planning, implementation, and catalog and promote the use of improvement of Drug Courts which promising practices in serving crime target non-violent, drug-involved victims. In addition, each year OVC offenders. The Office strives to sponsors National Crime Victims’ Rights strengthen existing Drug Courts and Week to increase public awareness of develop new Drug Courts, encouraging crime victims’ special needs and to them to provide continuing judicial honor those who work on behalf of supervision, mandatory periodic testing victims. The OVC Resource Center, for substance abuse among clients, which provides information concerning substance abuse treatment, offender victims issues to victims advocates, supervision, management and aftercare, criminal justice practitioners, and the combined with appropriate sanctions for public, is funded by OVC. The Center failure to comply with program may be reached toll-free on 1–800–627– requirements. The Office works closely 6872. with agencies and organizations Violence Against Women Program involved in the areas of justice and Office The Violence Against Women recovery. The Office also develops and Program Office coordinates the activities delivers appropriate technical assistance of the Bureaus within OJP relating to and training to enhance the effectiveness violence against women. It also and operation of both existing and new establishes the policy for and administers Drug Courts. the Department’s formula and Corrections Program Office The Office discretionary grant programs authorized provides leadership and assistance to by the Violence Against Women Act of State and local governments related to 1994. correctional policy and programs These programs assist the Nation’s designed to reduce crime, increase criminal justice system to respond to the public safety, and restore integrity to needs and concerns of women who have sentencing practices for violent 358 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL offenders. The Office administers Treatment Program is designed to reduce correctional programs authorized by the drug and criminal activity among Violent Crime Control and Law offenders released back into the Enforcement Act of 1994, as amended, community by producing formula grant including the Violent Offender funds to develop and expand substance Incarceration/Truth in Sentencing and abuse treatment programs for offenders Residential Substance Abuse Treatment while incarcerated in State and local for State Prisoners Programs. correctional facilities. The Violent Offender Incarceration/ Truth in Sentencing Program provides The Corrections Program Office also formula grant funds to the States to build provides technical assistance and and expand correctional facilities to training to State and local correctional increase secure space for the policymakers and practitioners to confinement of violent offenders and the encourage the adoption of sound implementation of truth in sentencing correctional policies and ‘‘best laws. The Residential Substance Abuse practices.’’

For further information, contact the Office of Congressional and Public Affairs, Office of Justice Programs, Department of Justice, 633 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20531. Phone, 202–307–0781.

Boards Executive Office for Immigration headed by a Director, who is responsible Review for the immediate supervision of the Board of Immigration Appeals, the Office Falls Church, VA 22041 of the Chief Immigration Judge, and the The Attorney General is responsible for Office of the Chief Administrative Hearing Officer. the administration and enforcement of Board of Immigration Appeals The the Immigration and Nationality Act of Board of Immigration Appeals is a quasi- 1952 (8 U.S.C. 1101) and all other laws judicial body composed of 12 members, relating to the immigration and including the Chair and Vice Chair, and naturalization of aliens. Certain powers a Chief Attorney-Examiner who is also and authorities of the Attorney General an alternate Board member. for the administration and interpretation The Board hears oral argument at its of the immigration laws are delegated to Falls Church, VA location. A staff of the Executive Office for Immigration attorney-advisers assists the Board in the Review. The Executive Office for preparation of decisions. Immigration Review is completely The Board has been given nationwide independent of and separate from both jurisdiction to hear appeals from the Immigration and Naturalization decisions entered by district and center Service, the body charged with the directors of the Immigration and enforcement of the immigration laws, Naturalization Service and by and the Office of Special Counsel for immigration judges. In addition, the Immigration Related Unfair Employment Board is responsible for hearing appeals Practices, the entity charged with the involving the suspension or barring from enforcement of the antidiscrimination practice of attorneys and representatives provisions of the Immigration Reform before the Service and the Board. and Control Act. It includes the Board of Decisions of the Board are binding on Immigration Appeals, the Office of the all Service officers and immigration Chief Immigration Judge, and the Office judges unless modified or overruled by of the Chief Administrative Hearing judicial review in the Federal courts. The Officer. It operates under the supervision majority of appeals reaching the Board of the Deputy Attorney General and is involve orders of deportation and DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 359 applications for relief from deportation. section 243(h) of the Immigration and Other cases before the Board include the Nationality Act of 1952 (8 U.S.C. 1158, exclusion of aliens applying for 1253). admission to the United States, petitions In deportation proceedings, the to classify the status of alien relatives for immigration judge determines whether the issuance of preference immigrant an individual who has already entered visas, fines imposed upon carriers for the the United States is deportable from this violation of the immigration laws, and country. In such proceedings the judge motions for reopening and also adjudicates applications for the reconsideration of decisions previously various forms of relief available under rendered. this country’s immigration laws. These Following a review of the record and research into questions of law raised by include applications for adjustment of the parties, an attorney-adviser drafts a status, suspension of deportation, proposed order for consideration of the voluntary departure, relief under section Board members, frequently conferring 212(c) of the act (8 U.S.C. 1182), and with individual Board members applications for asylum and withholding concerning the proposed order. of deportation. Attorney-advisers also assist in various Office of the Chief Administrative administrative and support functions. In Hearing Officer The Office is addition to developing expertise in the responsible for the general supervision of field of immigration law, they are often administrative law judges in the called upon to analyze questions of performance of their duties under 8 constitutional law, State, Federal, and U.S.C. 1324a–1324c. Administrative law foreign civil and criminal law. judge proceedings are mandated by the Office of the Chief Immigration Judge Immigration and Nationality Act and The Office provides overall direction for concern allegations of unlawful the 178 U.S. immigration judges located employment of aliens, unfair in 34 immigration courts throughout the immigration-related employment Nation. Immigration judges are discrimination, and immigration responsible for conducting formal quasi- document fraud. judicial proceedings and act For further information, contact the Office of independently in their decisionmaking Public Affairs, Executive Office for Immigration capacity. Their decisions are Review, Department of Justice, Falls Church, VA administratively final, unless appeal or 22041. Phone, 703–305–0289. Internet, http:// www.doj.gov/eoir/eoir.html. certified to the Board. Through its Criminal Immigration Judge, the Office United States Parole Commission currently has programs in all 50 States, Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, 5550 Friendship Boulevard, Chevy Chase, and selected municipalities and Bureau MD 20815. Phone, 301–492–5990 of Prison facilities to adjudicate the immigration status of alien inmates The Parole Commission consists of three incarcerated by Federal, State, and members, appointed by the President municipal correction authorities as a with the advice and consent of the result of convictions for criminal Senate. It has sole authority to grant, offenses. modify, or revoke paroles of eligible U.S. In exclusion proceedings, an prisoners serving sentences of more than immigration judge determines whether one year, including military prisoners an individual arriving from a foreign and D.C. Code prisoners housed in country should be allowed to enter the Federal institutions. It is responsible for United States or should be excluded and the supervision of parolees and prisoners deported. Located throughout the United released upon the expiration of their States, each judge has jurisdiction to sentences with allowances for statutory consider various forms of relief available good time, and the determination of in exclusion proceedings, including supervisory conditions and terms. applications for asylum and relief under Probation officers supervise parolees and 360 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL mandatory releases under the direction community policing to improve the of the Commission. quality of life by reducing the levels of Under the Labor Management disorder, violence, and crime in our Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 communities. (29 U.S.C. 401), the Commission The primary activity of the COPS determines whether or not persons Office is the awarding of competitive, convicted of certain crimes may serve as discretionary grants directly to law officials in the field of organized labor or enforcement agencies across the United in labor-oriented management positions; States and its territories. Over the life of likewise, under the Employment the COPS Office, approximately $8 Retirement Income and Security Act of billion in grant funding will be made 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1111), the Commission available to achieve these goals. determines whether or not such persons The COPS Office is headed by a may provide services to or be employed Director, appointed by the Attorney by employment benefit plans. The Anti- General, and is organized into several Drug Abuse Act of 1988 gave the divisions. The Grants Administration Commission jurisdiction in setting Division is responsible for developing release dates and terms of supervised and designing new programs to provide release over all foreign transfer treaty resources for the hiring of new officers cases beginning January 1, 1989. For and to further the adoption and offenders who committed their crimes implementation of community policing, after November 1, 1987, the reviewing grant applications, maintaining Commission applies the guidelines of the liaison with the Office of Justice U.S. Sentencing Commission. Programs for financial review of The Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 applications, monitoring grant awards, (98 Stat. 2032) abolished parole developing and maintaining databases to eligibility for Federal offenders who support policymaking, participating in commit offenses on or after November 1, the evaluation of the grant programs, 1987. It also provided for the abolition and coordination of the Office’s research of the Commission on November 1, agenda. Within the Grants 1992. However, the Judicial Administration Division are the Police Improvements Act of 1990 (104 Stat. Hiring section and the Program 5089) and the Parole Commission Planning, Research and Evaluation Phaseout Act of 1996 (18 U.S.C. 4201 section. note) extended the Commission in 5-year The Training and Technical Assistance increments, through November 1, 2002. Division is responsible for coordinating For further information, contact the Office of the the provision of training and technical Chairman, United States Parole Commission, assistance to advance the adoption, Department of Justice, 5550 Friendship Boulevard, implementation and sustaining of Chevy Chase, MD 20815. Phone, 301–492–5990. community policing in the thousands of communities served by the COPS Office. Office of Community Oriented The Legal Division is responsible for Policing Services providing legal advice to the Director The Office of Community Oriented and other functional areas of the COPS Policing Services (COPS) was created Office, and for ensuring compliance with with the passage of the Violent Crime the legal requirements applicable to the Control and Law Enforcement Act of activities of the COPS Office. 1994 to achieve several goals: to The Congressional Relations Division advance the philosophy of community assists Members of Congress in serving policing as a national law enforcement their constituents, thereby facilitating strategy; to deploy 100,000 new police greater dissemination of information officers in community policing roles; to about COPS programs and activities, and reinforce partnerships that will sustain provides input in program design and community policing; and to evaluate and development and policy formulation so demonstrate the effectiveness of that programs and policies reflect DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 361 legislative intent and address adjudicating claims and making awards congressional needs. compensating U.S. nationals for losses The Communications Division resulting from nationalization, provides ongoing information about expropriation, intervention and other community policing and COPS programs property-taking by the former through every available channel of Communist regime in Albania which communication, including timely and took power at the end of World War II. accurate responses to media inquiries, The Commission is compiling a interviews, public events, publications registry of the estimated $5 billion in and related materials produced by and outstanding claims against Iraq held by for any telecommunication format. U.S. nationals, in preparation for future The Intergovernmental and Public Commission adjudication of such claims. Liaison Division maintains channels for Claims to be registered include those communication and feedback regarding that predate the invasion of Kuwait by COPS programs with representatives of Iraq in August 1990, and certain claims interested local, State, and national of military personnel or their survivors organizations and with local elected arising out of Desert Shield and Desert officials. Storm or Iraq’s attack on the U.S.S. Stark Finally, the Administrative Division in 1987. provides support services to the COPS The Commission is also conducting a Office, including resource management Holocaust Survivors Claims Program, to to recruit, train, and maintain a adjudicate the claims of U.S. nationals professional workforce; fiscal resource who were interned and persecuted by management to perform the accounting the German Nazi regime before and and budget formulation and execution during World War II. The Commission’s functions necessary to administer the decisions will be used by the COPS appropriation; facilities Department of State as the basis for management to acquire and maintain negotiation of a final settlement of such space, provide security, and procure claims with Germany. supplies, equipment, telephones, and In addition, the Commission will play other services; and information resource a role in the implementation of the management. Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996. Under Title III Foreign Claims Settlement of the act, Commission determinations Commission of the United States on the ownership and value of expropriated property in Cuba which The Foreign Claims Settlement were rendered in its Cuban Claims Commission of the United States is a Program (conducted from 1965–72) will quasi-judicial, independent agency serve as the basis for lawsuits that may within the Department of Justice which be filed by U.S. nationals in the U.S. adjudicates claims of U.S. nationals district court against foreigners who have against foreign governments, either invested in or otherwise benefited from under specific jurisdiction conferred by property formerly owned by the U.S. Congress or pursuant to international nationals. The act further designates the claims settlement agreements. The Commission as a ‘‘Special Master’’ decisions of the Commission are final available to the courts beginning in 1998 and are not reviewable under any to determine the ownership and value of standard by any court or other authority. expropriated property that was not the Funds for payment of the Commission’s subject of claims filed in the awards are derived from congressional Commission’s Cuban Claims Program. appropriations, international claims The Commission also has authority settlements, or the liquidation of foreign under the War Claims Act of 1948, as assets in the United States by the amended, to receive, determine the Departments of Justice and the Treasury. validity and amount, and provide for the The Commission is currently payment of claims by members of the conducting an Albanian Claims Program, U.S. armed services and civilians held as 362 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL prisoners of war or interned by a hostile The Commission’s organization and force in Southeast Asia during the functions are defined in the International Vietnam conflict, or by the survivors of Claims Settlement Act of 1949, as such service members and civilians. amended (22 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.), the Finally, the Commission is responsible War Claims Act of 1948, as amended for maintaining records and responding (50 U.S.C. app. 2001 et seq.), the to inquiries related to the various claims Balanced Budget Downpayment Act, I programs it has conducted against the (Public Law 104–99), and the Cuban Governments of Yugoslavia, Panama, Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996 (Public Law Italy, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, 104–114). Cuba, the German Democratic Republic, the People’s Republic of China, Vietnam, For further information, contact the Office of the Chair, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the Ethiopia, Egypt, and Iran, as well as United States, Department of Justice, Suite 6002, those authorized under the War Claims 600 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20579. Phone, Act of 1948, and other statutes. 202–616–6975; or fax, 202–616–6993.

Sources of Information

Controlled Substances Act Registration Army Navy Drive, Arlington, VA 22202– Information about registration under the 4210. Controlled Substances Act may be Federal Bureau of Investigation: obtained from the Registration Section of Director, Washington, DC 20535, or any the Drug Enforcement Administration, of the field offices or resident agencies P.O. Box 28083, Central Station, whose addresses are listed in the front of Washington, DC 20038. Phone, 202– most local telephone directories. 307–7255. Immigration and Naturalization Disability-Related Matters Contact the Service: Central Office, 425 I Street Civil Rights Division’s ADA Hotline. NW., Washington, DC 20536 (phone, Phone, 800–514–0301. TDD, 800–514– 202–514–2530); or any regional or 0383. district office. Drugs and Crime Clearinghouse Drug Enforcement Administration: Phone, 800–666–3332 (toll-free). regional offices, laboratories, or Electronic Access Information Washington Headquarters Office of concerning Department of Justice Personnel. programs and activities is available Bureau of Prisons: Central Office, 320 electronically through the Internet, at First Street NW., Washington, DC 20534 http://www.usdoj.gov/. (phone, 202–307–3082); or any regional Employment The Department maintains or field office. an agencywide job line. Phone, 202– Office of Justice Programs, 633 514–3397. Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20531. Phone, 202–307–0730. Attorneys’ applications: Director, United States Trustee Program, Room Office of Attorney Personnel 770, 901 E Street NW., Washington, DC Management, Department of Justice, 20530. Phone, 202–616–1000. Room 6150, Tenth Street and Foreign Claims Settlement Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, Commission: Attorneys: Office of the DC 20530. Phone, 202–514–1432. Chief Counsel, Suite 6002, 600 E Street Assistant U.S. attorney applicants should NW., Washington, DC 20579 (phone, apply to individual U.S. attorneys. 202–616–6975); Other: Administrative United States Marshals Service: Field Officer, same address and phone. Staffing Branch, United States Marshals Housing Discrimination Matters Service, Department of Justice, 600 Contact the Civil Rights Division’s DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 363

Housing and Civil Enforcement Section. Guidelines for Effective Human Phone, 800–896–7743. Relations Commissions, Annual Report Immigration-Related Employment of the Community Relations Service, Matters The Civil Rights Division Community Relations Service Brochure, maintains a Worker Hotline. Phone, CRS Hotline Brochure, Police Use of 800–255–7688. TDD, 800–237–2515. It Deadly Force: A Conciliation Handbook also offers information for employers. for Citizens and Police, Principles of Phone, 800–255–8155. TDD, 800–362– Good Policing: Avoiding Violence 2735. Between Police and Citizens, Resolving Publications and Films The FBI Law Racial Conflict: A Guide for Enforcement Bulletin and Uniform Crime Municipalities, and Viewpoints and Reports—Crime in the United States are Guidelines on Court-Appointed Citizens available from the Superintendent of Monitoring Commissions in School Documents, Government Printing Office, Desegregation are available upon Washington, DC 20402. request from the Public Information The Annual Report of the Attorney Office, Community Relations Service, General of the United States is published Department of Justice, Washington, DC each year by the Department of Justice, 20530. Washington, DC 20530. A limited number of drug educational Approximately nine textbooks on films are available, free of charge, to citizenship, consisting of teachers civic, educational, private, and religious manuals and student textbooks at various groups. reading levels, are distributed free to A limited selection of pamphlets and public schools for applicants for brochures is available. The most widely citizenship and are on sale to all others requested publication is Drugs of Abuse, from the Superintendent of Documents, an identification manual intended for Government Printing Office, professional use. Single copies are free. Washington, DC 20402. Public schools Copies of the Foreign Claims or organizations under the supervision of public schools which are entitled to free Settlement Commission’s semiannual textbooks should make their requests to (through December 1966) and annual the appropriate Immigration and (from January 1967) reports to the Naturalization Service Regional Office Congress concerning its activities are (See appropriate section of this manual available at the Commission in limited for mailing addresses.). For general quantities. information, call 202–514–3946. Reading Rooms Located in The Freedom of Information Act Guide Washington, DC, at: U.S. Department of and Privacy Act Overview and the Justice, Room 6505, Tenth Street and Freedom of Information Case List, both Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, published annually, are available from DC 20530 (phone, 202–514–3775). the Superintendent of Documents, Bureau of Prisons, 320 First Street NW., Government Printing Office, 20534 (phone, 202–307–3029); Washington, DC 20530; and in Immigration and Naturalization Service, electronic format through INTERNET– 425 I Street NW., 20536 (phone, 202– Library of Congress. ISBN 0–16–042921– 514–2837); Foreign Claims Settlement 8. Commission, 600 E Street NW., 20579 FOIA Update (Stock No. 727–002– (phone, 202–616–6975). Also at the U.S. 00000–6), published quarterly, is Parole Commission, 5550 Friendship available free of charge to FOIA offices Boulevard, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 and other interested offices (phone, 301–492–5959); Board of Governmentwide. This publication is Immigration Appeals, Suite 2400, 5107 also available from the Superintendent of Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 Documents, Government Printing Office, (phone, 703–305–0168); some of the Washington, DC 20402; and in Immigration and Naturalization Service electronic format through INTERNET– district offices; and the National Institute Library of Congress. of Justice, 9th Floor, 633 Indiana Avenue 364 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

NW., Washington, DC 20531 (phone, Events announcing upcoming training 202–307–5883). courses and conferences; selected Redress for Wartime Relocation/ hardcopy documents upon request; three Internment Contact the Civil Rights types of data base search packages; Division’s Office of Redress various microfiche products; and Administration. Helpline phone, 202– referrals to other information sources. 219–6900. TDD, 202–219–4710. Under contracts with OJP bureaus, the Internet, http://www.usdoj.gov/. National Criminal Justice Reference Reference Service In 1972, the Service also operates the Drugs and National Institute of Justice established Crime Data Center and Clearinghouse, the National Criminal Justice Reference the Bureau of Justice Assistance Service (NCJRS). All five OJP bureaus Clearinghouse, the Justice Statistics now support NCJRS, a clearinghouse of Clearinghouse, the Juvenile Justice information and publications concerning Clearinghouse, the National Victims OJP programs and other information of Resource Center, and the Construction interest to the criminal justice Information Exchange. All the Service’s community. The Office’s National clearinghouses may be contacted on Institute of Justice, which has supported 800–851–3420 (toll-free); or in the the clearinghouse for almost 20 years, Washington, DC, metropolitan area on provides most of the funding for the 301–251–5500. National Criminal Justice Reference The NCJRS Electronic Bulletin Board, Service. Police, corrections agencies, with 3,000 registered users, makes courts, criminal justice planners, juvenile NCJRS’ services available online. The justice practitioners, community crime Bulletin Board may be accessed by prevention groups, and others needing modem on 301–738–8895. information for planning and problem solving in criminal justice can refer to Organizations and individuals may this international information service register to receive information from the specially designed to assist the justice National Criminal Justice Reference community. Service by writing NCJRS, Box 6000, The National Criminal Justice 1600 Research Boulevard, Rockville, Reference Service provides information MD 20850. from its computerized data base system Small Business Activities Contract free or at a minimal cost to users information for small businesses can be through a variety of products and obtained from the Office of Small and services including the bimonthly NIJ Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Catalog, which contains abstracts of Department of Justice, Tenth Street and significant additions to the data base and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, pertinent information and a Calendar of DC 20530. Phone, 202–616–0521.

For further information concerning the Department of Justice, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Department of Justice, Tenth Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20530. Phone, 202– 514–2007 (voice); 202–786–5731 (TDD). DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 200 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20210 Phone, 202–219–5000

SECRETARY OF LABOR ALEXIS M. HERMAN Chief of Staff (VACANCY) Confidential Assistant to the Secretary (VACANCY) Counselor to the Secretary (VACANCY) Executive Secretary T. MICHAEL KERR Deputy Secretary (VACANCY) Associate Deputy Secretary WILLIAM SAMUEL Chief Economist EDWARD B. MONTGOMERY Director, Office of Small Business Programs JUNE M. ROBINSON Director, Administrative Review Board DAVID A. O’BRIAN, Acting Chief Administrative Law Judge JOHN VITTONE, Acting Chief Administrative Appeals Judge, Benefits BETTY J. HALL Review Board Chairman, Employees Compensation MICHAEL J. WALSH Appeals Board Chairman, Wage Appeals Board DAVID A. O’BRIAN Director, Women’s Bureau IDA CASTRO, Acting Deputy Director (VACANCY) Inspector General CHARLES C. MASTEN Deputy Inspector General PATRICIA DALTON Assistant Inspector General for Audit JOSEPH E. FISCH Assistant Inspector General for Investigation F.M. BROADWAY Assistant Inspector General for Management SYLVIA HOROWITZ and Counsel Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs HOWARD WADDELL, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretaries NANCY COFFEY, HOWARD WADDELL Solicitor of Labor J. DAVITT MCATEER, Acting Deputy Solicitor, National Operations MARVIN KRISLOV Deputy Solicitor, Regional Operations RONALD G. WHITING Deputy Solicitor, Planning and Coordination JUDITH E. KRAMER Director, Office of Management WESLEY CURL, Acting Associate Solicitor, Employment and CHARLES D. RAYMOND Training Legal Services Associate Solicitor, Fair Labor Standards STEVEN MANDEL Associate Solicitor, Legislation and Legal ROBERT A. SHAPIRO Counsel Associate Solicitor, Labor-Management Laws JOHN F. DEPENBROCK Associate Solicitor, Black Lung Benefits DONALD S. SHIRE Associate Solicitor, Employee Benefits CAROL DEDEO Associate Solicitor, Occupational Safety and JOSEPH M. WOODWARD Health Associate Solicitor, Civil Rights JAMES D. HENRY Associate Solicitor, Plan Benefits Security MARC I. MACHIZ Associate Solicitor, Mine Safety and Health EDWARD P. CLAIR 365 366 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Associate Solicitor, Special Appellate and ALLEN H. FELDMAN Supreme Court Litigation Assistant Secretary for Congressional and GERI D. PALAST Intergovernmental Affairs Deputy Assistant Secretaries DARLA J. LETOURNEAU, MARY ANN RICHARDSON Deputy Under Secretary for International ANDREW J. SAMET, Acting Affairs Associate Deputy Under Secretary for Policy ANDREW J. SAMET Director, Office of Management, RONALD VAN HELDEN, Acting Administration and Planning Assistant Secretary for Policy SETH HARRIS, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretaries ROLAND G. DROITSCH, SETH HARRIS Assistant Secretary for Administration and PATRICIA W. LATTIMORE, Acting Management Deputy Assistant Secretary PATRICIA W. LATTIMORE Chief Financial Officer (VACANCY) Director, Business Operations Center THOMAS K. DELANEY Director, Information Technology Center SHIRLEY MALIA Director, Civil Rights Center ANNABELLE T. LOCKHART Director, Human Resources Center LARRY GOODWIN Director, Safety and Health Center FREDERICK DRAYTON Assistant Secretary for Veterans’ Employment PRESTON M. TAYLOR, JR. and Training Deputy Assistant Secretary ESPIRIDION A. BORREGO Assistant Secretary for Employment and RAYMOND J. UHALDE, Acting Training Deputy Assistant Secretaries JOHN ROBINSON, RAYMOND J. UHALDE Administrator, Office of Financial and BRYAN T. KEILTY Administrative Management Administrator, Office of Job Training THEODORE MASTROIANNI Programs Administrator, Office of Policy and Research GERRI FIALA Administrator, Office of Regional ROBERT KENYON, Acting Management Administrator, Office of Work-Based BARBARA ANN FARMER Learning Director, Unemployment Insurance Service GRACE KILBANE Director, United States Employment Service JOHN BEVERLY Director, Intergovernmental Communications STEPHANIE POWERS and Publications Information Deputy Assistant Secretary for Workplace (VACANCY) Programs Deputy Assistant Secretary for Labor- CHARLES RICHARDS Management Programs Deputy Assistant Secretary for Labor- JOHN KOTCH, Acting Management Standards Director, Public Affairs Team MEG INGOLD Director, Administrative Management and JOAN RIND Technology Team Assistant Secretary, Pension and Welfare OLENA BERG Benefits Administration DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 367

Deputy Assistant Secretaries ALAN D. LEBOWITZ, MEREDITH MILLER Director, Office of Enforcement CHARLES LERNER Director, Office of Regulations and ROBERT DOYLE Interpretations Chief Accountant IAN DINGWALD Director, Program Services SHARON WATSON Director, Exemption Determinations IVAN STRASFELD Director, Information Management MERVYN SCHWEDT Director, Program Planning and Evaluation BRIAN MCDONNELL Director, Office of Policy and Legislative GERALD LINDREW Analysis Director, Office of Research and RICHARD HINZ Economic Analysis Assistant Secretary, Employment Standards BERNARD E. ANDERSON Administration Deputy Assistant Secretary GENE KARP Director, Equal Employment Opportunity CARVIN COOK Unit Deputy Assistant Secretary, Wage and Hour JOHN R. FRASER, Acting Division Deputy Administrator JOHN R. FRASER Deputy Assistant Secretary for Federal SHIRLEY J. WILCHER Contract Compliance Programs Deputy Director JOE N. KENNEDY Director, Division of Policy, Planning and (VACANCY) Program Development Director, Division of Program Operation ROBERT B. GREAUX Deputy Assistant Secretary for Office of SHELBY HALLMARK, Acting Workers’ Compensation Programs Deputy Director SHELBY HALLMARK Director, Office of Management, DONNA G. COPSON Administration and Planning Deputy Director ELEANOR H. SMITH Director, Office of Public Affairs (VACANCY) Chief, Branch of Legislative and Regulatory PATRICK J. MOWRY Analysis Assistant Secretary for Occupational Safety and GREGORY WATCHMAN, Acting Health Deputy Assistant Secretaries MICHAEL CONNORS, EMILY SHEKETOFF, GREGORY WATCHMAN Director, Office of Information and ANN CYR, Acting Consumer Affairs Director, Office of Construction and RUSSELL SWANSON Engineering Director, Office of Statistics STEPHEN NEWELL Director, Policy JOHN MORAN Director, Administrative Programs DAVID C. ZEIGLER Director, Federal/State Operations PAULA WHITE Director, Technical Support STEVEN F. WITT Director, Compliance Programs JOHN MILES Director, Health Standards Programs ADAM FINKEL Director, Safety Standards Programs THOMAS SEYMOUR Commissioner of Labor Statistics KATHARINE G. ABRAHAM 368 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Deputy Commissioner WILLIAM G. BARRON, JR. Associate Commissioner for Technology and CARL J. LOWE Survey Processing Director for Survey Processing JOHN D. SINKS Director for Technology and Computing ARNOLD BRESNICK Services Associate Commissioner for Administration DANIEL J. LACEY Director, Quality and Information (VACANCY) Management Associate Commissioner for Employment (VACANCY) and Unemployment Statistics Deputy Associate Commissioner for (VACANCY) Employment and Unemployment Statistics Director, Office of Employment Research MARILYN E. MANSER and Program Development Assistant Commissioner for Federal/State GEORGE S. WERKING, JR. Programs Assistant Commissioner for Current PHILLIP L. RONES Employment Analysis Associate Commissioner for Prices and KENNETH V. DALTON Living Conditions Deputy Associate Commissioner for Prices (VACANCY) and Living Conditions Assistant Commissioner for Consumer JOHN S. GREENLEES Prices and Price Indexes Assistant Commissioner for Industrial JOHN M. GALVIN Prices and Price Indexes Assistant Commissioner for International KATRINA W. REUT Prices Associate Commissioner for Compensation KIMBERLY D. ZIESCHANG and Working Conditions Deputy Associate Commissioner for (VACANCY) Compensation and Working Conditions Assistant Commissioner for Safety, Health, (VACANCY) and Working Conditions Assistant Commissioner for Compensation KATHLEEN M. MACDONALD Levels and Trends Associate Commissioner for Productivity and EDWIN R. DEAN Technology Associate Commissioner for Employment NEALE H. ROSENTHAL, Acting Projections Associate Commissioner for Publications and DEBORAH P. KLEIN Special Studies Associate Commissioner for Field Operations LOIS ORR Associate Commissioner for Research and (VACANCY) Evaluation Assistant Commissioner for Survey CATHRYN S. DIPPO Methods Research Assistant Secretary for Mine Safety and Health J. DAVITT MCATEER Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy ANDREA HRICKO Deputy Assistant Secretary for Operations EDWARD C. HUGLER Administrator for Coal Mine Safety and MARVIN W. NICHOLS, JR. Health DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 369

Administrator for Metal and Nonmetal VERNON R. GOMEZ Mine Safety and Health Director of Technical Support KENNETH T. HOWARD Director of Educational Policy and FRANK SCHWAMBERGER, Acting Development Director, Office of Standards, Regulations PATRICIA W. SILVEY and Variances Director, Office of Assessments RICHARD G. HIGH, JR. Director of Administration and Management RICHARD L. BRECHBIEL Director of Program Policy Evaluation GEORGE M. FESAK, JR. Director, Office of Information and Public WAYNE E. VENEMAN Affairs Chief, Office of Congressional and (VACANCY) Legislative Affairs Legislative Affairs Specialist SYLVIA MILANESE

The purpose of the Department of Labor is to foster, promote, and develop the welfare of the wage earners of the United States, to improve their working conditions, and to advance their opportunities for profitable employment. In carrying out this mission, the Department administers a variety of Federal labor laws guaranteeing workers’ rights to safe and healthful working conditions, a minimum hourly wage and overtime pay, freedom from employment discrimination, unemployment insurance, and workers’ compensation. The Department also protects workers’ pension rights; provides for job training programs; helps workers find jobs; works to strengthen free collective bargaining; and keeps track of changes in employment, prices, and other national economic measurements. As the Department seeks to assist all Americans who need and want to work, special efforts are made to meet the unique job market problems of older workers, youths, minority group members, women, the handicapped, and other groups.

The Department of Labor (DOL), the Assistant Secretaries, and the Solicitor of ninth executive department, was created Labor. Other offices whose public by act of March 4, 1913 (29 U.S.C. purposes are widely applied are detailed 551). A Bureau of Labor was first created below and on the following pages. by Congress in 1884 under the Interior Department. The Bureau of Labor later Office of the Deputy Secretary of became independent as a Department of Labor Labor without executive rank. It again Deputy Secretary The Deputy returned to bureau status in the Secretary of Labor is the principal Department of Commerce and Labor, adviser to the Secretary and serves as which was created by act of February Acting Secretary in the Secretary’s 14, 1903 (15 U.S.C. 1501). absence. Employees’ Compensation Appeals Office of the Secretary of Labor Board The Employees’ Compensation Secretary The Secretary is the head of Appeals Board consists of three members the Department of Labor and the and three alternate members appointed principal adviser to the President on the by the Secretary of Labor, one of whom development and execution of policies is designated as Chairman. The function and the administration and enforcement of the Board is to consider and decide of laws relating to wage earners, their appeals from final decisions in cases working conditions, and their arising under the Federal Employees’ employment opportunities. The Office of Compensation Act (5 U.S.C. 8101). The the Secretary includes the Offices of Deputy Secretary, Inspector General, the 370 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL LABOR STATISTICS BUREAU OF OFFICE OF APPEALS BOARD Appellate Activities PUBLIC AFFAIRS STANDARDS OFFICE OF EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS REVIEW BOARD ADMINISTRATION WAGE APPEALS BOARD AND EMPLOYEES’ COMPENSATION ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW BOARD BOARD OF SERVICE CONTRACT APPEALS SERVICE VETERANS’ GENERAL OFFICE OF INSPECTOR EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING THE WELFARE BENEFITS BUREAU OF OFFICE OF SOLICITOR PENSION AND LABOR AFFAIRS INTERNATIONAL ADMINISTRATION

Agencies Organizations and Support Activities OF LABOR OF LABOR SECRETARY OFFICE OF THE OFFICE OF THE Program DEPUTY SECRETARY AND POLICY Program Related HEALTH BUREAU Departmental Staff WOMEN'S MINE SAFETY DEPARTMENT OF LABOR SECRETARY FOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICE OF ASSISTANT AND TRAINING SECRETARY FOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYMENT ADMINISTRATION AND OFFICE OF ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATION CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER OFFICE OF OFFICE OF SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS AFFAIRS EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT HEALTH SECRETARY FOR SAFETY AND CONGRESSIONAL AND OFFICE OF ASSISTANT OCCUPATIONAL INTERGOVERNMENTAL ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 371 decisions of the Board are final and not Administrative Law Judges under a broad subject to court review. range of Federal labor laws.

For further information, call 202–208–1900. For further information, contact the Executive Director, Administrative Review Board. Phone, Administrative Review Board The 202–219–4728. Fax, 202–219–9315. Administrative Review Board issues final Women’s Bureau The Women’s Bureau agency decisions on cases arising in is responsible for formulating standards review or appeal of decisions or and policies that promote the welfare of recommended decisions of the wage earning women, improve their Administrator for the Wage and Hour working conditions, increase their Division, the Employment Standards efficiency, and advance their Administration, or the Office of opportunities for profitable employment. For further information, call 202–219–6611. Regional OfficesÐWomen's Bureau

Address (Areas Served) Administrator

Atlanta, GA (Suite 7T95, 61 Forsyth St. SW., 30303) (AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN) ... Delores L. Crockett Boston, MA (Rm. E±270, JFK Federal Bldg., 02203) (CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT) ...... Jacqueline Cooke Chicago, IL (230 S. Dearborn St., 60604) (IL, IN, MI, OH, WI) ...... Delores L. Crockett, Acting Dallas, TX (525 Griffin St., 75202) (AR, LA, NM, OK, TX) ...... Delores L. Crockett, Acting Denver, CO (Suite 905, 1801 California St., 80202±2614) (CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY) ...... Oleta Crain Kansas City, MO (Suite 1230, 1100 Main St., 64105) (IA, KS, MO, NE) ...... Rose A. Kemp New York, NY (201 Varick St., 10014) (NJ, NY) ...... Mary Murphree Philadelphia, PA (3535 Market St., 19104) (DC, DE, MD, PA, PR, VA, VI, WV) ...... Cornelia Moore San Francisco, CA (71 Stevenson St., 94105) (AZ, CA, HI, NV) ...... (Vacancy) Seattle, WA (1111 3d Ave., 98101) (AK, ID, OR, WA) ...... Karen Furia

Office of Small Business Programs This regulations. With few exceptions, office, reporting to the Deputy Secretary hearings are required to be conducted in of Labor, administers the Department’s accordance with the Administrative responsibility to ensure procurement Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. note prec. 551). opportunities for small, small For further information, contact the Office of the disadvantaged, and women-owned small Chief Administrative Law Judge. Phone, 202–565– businesses; serves as the Department’s 5330. central referral point for small-business Benefits Review The Benefits Review regulatory compliance information and Board is a five-member quasi-judicial questions; manages the Department’s body with exclusive jurisdiction to minority colleges and universities consider and decide appeals raising program; and provides management substantial questions of law or fact from oversight and guidance for the decisions of Administrative Law Judges Department’s advisory committees and with respect to cases arising under the other similar committees and agreements Longshoremen’s and Harbor Workers’ to assure compliance with applicable Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. 901) and statutes and related requirements. its extensions and the Black Lung For further information, call 202–219–9148. Benefits Act of 1972 (30 U.S.C. 801). The Board exercises the same review Office of Administrative Law Judges authority that the United States District Administrative law judges preside over Courts formerly held in these areas of formal hearings to determine violations the law prior to the 1972 amendments to of minimum wage requirements, both acts. overtime payments, compensation benefits, employee discrimination, grant For further information, contact the Administrative Officer. Phone, 202–565–7500. performance, alien certification, employee protection, and health and Wage Appeals/Service Contract Appeals safety regulations set forth under The Wage Appeals Board and the Board numerous statutes, Executive orders, and of Service Contract Appeals act on 372 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL behalf of the Secretary of Labor in the priority goals established by the deciding appeals on questions of law Secretary. Through attorney staff in and fact, taken in the discretion of the Washington and 15 field offices, the Boards from wage determinations issued Solicitor directs a broad-scale litigation under the Davis-Bacon Act (and its effort in the Federal courts pertaining to related Federal construction contract the statutes administered by the prevailing wage statutes) and the Department, including institution and McNamara-O’Hara Service Contract Act; prosecution of Civil Court actions under debarments under the Department’s the Fair Labor Standards Act, the regulations (29 CFR, Part 5), which Employment Retirement Income Security implement Reorganization Plan No. 14 Act of 1971, and the Migrant Seasonal of 1950 (5 U.S.C. app.), effective May Agricultural Worker Protection Act. The 24, 1950, and debarments under the attorney staff also represents the Department’s regulations (29 CFR, Part Department in hearings under various 4), which implement the Service laws including the Occupational Safety Contract Act; under the Department’s and Health Act of 1970, the Black Lung regulations, disputes concerning the Benefits Reform Act, Federal Mine Safety payment of prevailing wage rates or and Health Act of 1977, and various proper classifications that involve Government contract labor standards significant sums of money, large groups laws. Appellate litigation is conducted of employees, or novel or unusual by attorneys in the national situations; questions relating to coverage headquarters, and trial litigation is of the various acts; and carried out by attorneys under the recommendations by Federal agencies direction of regional solicitors. for appropriate adjustments of liquidated The Solicitor of Labor also coordinates damages that are assessed under the the Department’s legislative program; Contract Work Hours and Safety prepares testimony and reports on Standards Act. proposed legislation; provides legal For further information, contact the Executive advice to interagency groups responsible Secretary. Phone, 202–219–9039. for U.S. trade matters; participates in international organizations including the The Solicitor of Labor International Labor Organization; and reviews rules, orders, and regulations. The Office of the Solicitor (SOL) provides the Secretary of Labor and For further information, contact the Office of Administration, Management and Litigation departmental officials with the legal Support, Office of the Solicitor, Department of services required to accomplish the Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, mission of the Department of Labor and DC 20210. Phone, 202–219–6863. Regional OfficesÐOffice of the Solicitor (RS: Regional Solicitor; ARS: Associate Regional Solicitor)

Region Address Solicitor

Atlanta, GA (AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, Rm. 7T10, 61 Forsyth St. SW., 30303 Jaylynn K. Fortney (RS) SC, TN). Branch Offices ...... Suite 150, 100 Centerview Dr., Birmingham, AL Cynthia W. Brown (ARS) 35216 ...... 2002 Richard Jones Rd., Nashville, TN 37215 Ralph D. York (ARS) Boston, MA (CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT) ... One Congress St., 02114 Frank V. McDermott (RS) Chicago, IL (IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI) ...... 230 S. Dearborn St., 60604 Richard J. Fiore (RS) Branch Office ...... 1240 E. 9th St., Cleveland, OH 44199 Benjamin Chinni (ARS) Dallas, TX (AR, LA, NM, OK, TX) ...... 525 S. Griffin St., 75202 James E. White (RS) Kansas City, MO (CO, IA, KS, MO, MT, Suite 1210, 1100 Main St., 64105 Tedrick A. Housh, Jr. NE, ND, SD, UT, WY). (RS) Branch Office ...... Suite 1600, 1999 Broadway, Denver, CO 80202± Ann M. Noble (ARS) 5716 New York, NY (NJ, NY, PR, VI) ...... 201 Varick St., 10014 Patricia M. Rodenhausen (RS) Philadelphia, PA (DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, Rm. 14480, 3535 Market St., 19104 Deborah Pierce-Shields WV). (RS) Branch Office ...... Rm. 516, 4015 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22203 Ronald E. Gurka (ARS) DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 373

Regional OfficesÐOffice of the Solicitor—Continued (RS: Regional Solicitor; ARS: Associate Regional Solicitor)

Region Address Solicitor

San Francisco, CA (AK, AZ, CA, HI, ID, Suite 1110, 71 Stevenson St., 94105 Daniel W. Teehan (RS) NV, OR, WA). Branch Offices ...... 300 N. Los Angeles St., Los Angeles, CA 90012 John C. Nangle (ARS) ...... 1111 3d Ave., Seattle, WA 98101 Rochelle Kleinberg (ARS)

International Affairs labor side agreement to the North The Bureau of International Labor Affairs American Free Trade Agreement; carries (ILAB) carries out the Department’s out overseas technical assistance projects; assists in the administration of international responsibilities under the ´ direction of the Deputy Under Secretary U.S. labor attache programs at embassies for International Affairs; assists in abroad; participates in the development formulating international economic, of the Department’s immigration policy; social, trade, and immigration policies and conducts research on the labor affecting American workers, with a view market consequences of immigration to maximizing higher wage and higher proposals and legislation. value U.S. jobs derived from global The Bureau represents the United economic integration; gathers and States on delegations to multilateral and disseminates information on child labor bilateral trade negotiations and on such practices worldwide; promotes respect international bodies as the General for international labor standards to Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the protect the economic and physical well- International Labor Organization, the being of workers in the United States Organization for Economic Cooperation and around the world; gathers and and Development, and other United disseminates information on foreign Nations organizations. In addition, it labor markets and programs so that U.S. provides counsel and support for the employment policy formulation might President’s Committee on the benefit from international experiences; International Labor Organization, a disseminates information on the Federal advisory committee established implementation of the North American to promote continued reform and Agreement on Labor Cooperation, the progress in that organization.

Employment and Training Administration

The Employment and Training The Assistant Secretary for Administration, through a variety of Employment and Training directs the programs, fulfills responsibilities assigned administration of agency programs and is to the Secretary of Labor that relate to responsible for ensuring that programs employment services, job training, and funded through the agency are free from unemployment insurance. Component unlawful discrimination, fraud, and offices and services of the Administration abuse, and that they comply with administer a Federal-State employment constitutional, statutory, and regulatory provisions. It is the policy of the security system; fund and oversee Administration to promote equal programs to provide work experience opportunity, affirmative action, and and training for groups having difficulty integrity in programs to which the entering or returning to the work force; Administration extends financial formulate and promote apprenticeship assistance. standards and programs; and conduct The Administration has five major continuing programs of research, components that cover employment development, and evaluation. security, job training, planning and 374 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL policy development, financial and local public employment offices in the administrative management, and regional States and territories and interstate management. clearance of Labor. The State public Federal Unemployment Insurance employment service is responsible for Service The Federal-State providing unemployed individuals and Unemployment Compensation Program, other jobseekers with job placement, under provisions of the Social Security and other employment services and for Act of 1935 (42 U.S.C. 1305), is the providing employers with recruitment basic program of income support for the services and referrals of job-seeking Nation’s unemployed workers. With applicants. limited Federal intervention, The Service, through the State public unemployment insurance benefits are employment service system, also payable under laws of individual States. provides subsidiary services which The Federal Unemployment Insurance include: Service provides leadership and policy —certifying aliens who seek to enter guidance to State employment security the United States for permanent agencies for the development, employment as immigrants or as improvement, and operation of the temporary workers; Federal-State unemployment insurance —providing specialized recruitment system and of related wage-loss, worker assistance to employers; dislocation, and adjustment assistance —determining classifications of labor compensation programs, including to ex- surplus area annually and for service personnel and Federal civilian exceptional circumstance petitions; workers, and supplemental or extended —providing labor surplus area benefits programs. information to the general public and to The Service reviews State other Federal or State agencies to meet unemployment insurance laws and their various program responsibilities; administration by the States to determine —disseminating labor market whether they are in conformity with information; Federal requirements; supervises the —providing individuals with guidance, development of programs and methods counseling, testing referral, and job for benefit, adjudication, appeals, tax opportunities; collection, and trust fund management —reviewing rural industrialization activities implemented by the State loan and grant certification applications agencies; oversees the actuarial under the Rural Development Act of soundness of the level and relationship 1972 (7 U.S.C. 1921); of State expenditures, revenues, and —distributing airline job opening reserves, and of Federal appropriations information for rehiring under the Airline for payment of benefits; and is Deregulation Act (49 U.S.C. app. 1301); implementing a comprehensive system —providing supportive services to to help ensure continuous improvement employers and applicants through the in the performance of unemployment Federal bonding program; and insurance operations. —providing reemployment services to The Service also provides national dislocated workers. leadership and direction in implementing For further information, call 202–219–0157. its responsibilities under trade adjustment assistance, airline Office of Work-Based Learning The deregulation, and disaster unemployment Office administers activities under assistance legislation. several Federal laws regarding worker training and retraining. These include the For further information, call 202–219–7831. dislocated worker program under the United States Employment Service The Economic Dislocation and Worker Service, under the provisions of the Adjustment Assistance Act (EDWAA) Wagner-Peyser Act (29 U.S.C. 49 et (Title III of the Job Training Partnership seq.), provides assistance to States in Act (JTPA); Federal activities under the establishing and maintaining a system of Worker Adjustment and Retraining DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 375

Notification Act (WARN); and the Trade relocation allowances, and income Adjustment Assistance Program under support while in training. the Trade Act. In addition, the Office The Office develops policies and carries out research and demonstration prepares program directives to regional programs. offices and State agencies on the administration and funding of For further information, call 202–219–0540. reemployment services, and develops Office of Worker Retraining and and maintains a system for allocating Adjustment Programs The Office funds to those offices and agencies for performs dislocated worker programs reemployment services. It also directs functions under the Economic and conducts industry studies of the Dislocation and Worker Adjustment number of workers in a domestic Assistance Act (Title III of JTPA), and industry likely to be certified as eligible Federal activities under the Worker for adjustment assistance and of the Adjustment and Retraining Notification extent to which existing training and Act. employment programs may facilitate the workers’ adjustment to import For further information, call 202–219–0525. competition when an industry petitions Office of Trade Adjustment Assistance the Federal Government that it is being The Office administers the Trade injured because of import competition. Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program For further information, call 202–219–0555. provisions of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2101 et seq.), Office of One-Stop/Labor Market through agreements with the States. The Information (LMI) The Department’s program provides reemployment services multi-year investments in the One-Stop such as training, job search and Career Centers System, including relocation allowances, and weekly cash America’s Labor Market Information payments to U.S. workers who are System, are designed to transform a separated from employment because of fragmented array of employment and foreign imports. training programs into an integrated The Office receives petitions for service delivery system. One-Stop Career adjustment assistance from either Centers offer a number of service or adversely affected workers, a duly business lines to adult customers of the recognized union, or an authorized employment and training system, representative of the workers and including labor exchange services, conducts factfinding investigations to income maintenance, job search develop necessary data on which assistance, individual intensive services, certification determinations can be training, and labor market information. based. Determinations may involve Fifty-four States and jurisdictions have approval, denial, or termination of received one-stop planning or worker groups’ eligibility for trade implementation grants. With these funds, adjustment assistance benefits. the States and their local partners make The Office administers the North strategic investments in infrastructure American Free Trade Agreement— (including technology, movement to Transitional Adjustment Assistance client-server systems, addition of Internet (NAFTA–TAA) program to help workers connections, cross-training of staff, who become dislocated as a result of creation of public access resource rooms increased trade with Mexico or Canada and other media-assisted self-service after January 1, 1994, when NAFTA mechanisms) while integrating went into effect. The program employment and training programs into emphasizes a comprehensive, timely an effective and flexible system for the array of retraining and reemployment provision of customer services. services, including both rapid response One-stop also supports the and basic readjustment services. Similar development of products, services, and to TAA, the NAFTA–TAA program hardware, software, and communications provides training, job search and infrastructure associated with an 376 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL improved labor market information the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) program. Resources are devoted to the programs. development and delivery of a set of Under the act, the Secretary of Labor core products and services in each State; makes block grants to the States, insular ongoing research and development to areas, and the District of Columbia to improve the quality of labor market establish programs to prepare youth and information available to job seekers and adults facing serious barriers to employers, including consumer reports; employment for participation in the and maintenance and expansion of a labor force. Program services include nationwide electronic exchange system assessment of unemployed individuals’ which includes job openings and needs and abilities; classroom training; resumes. on-the-job training; job search For further information, call 202–219–8854. assistance; work experience; counseling; basic skills training; and support Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training services. In addition to the block grants, The National Apprenticeship Act (29 JTPA provides for national programs for U.S.C. 50) was passed in 1937 to enable special target groups such as Native the Department of Labor to formulate Americans and migrant and seasonal and promote the furtherance of labor farmworkers. It also provides authority standards necessary to safeguard the for the Job Corps, a residential training welfare of apprentices and cooperate program for disadvantaged youth. with the States in the promotion of such standards, and to bring together For further information, call 202–219–6236. employers and labor for the formulation Office of Job Corps Programs Job of programs of apprenticeship. Corps is a national residential training Sponsors and potential sponsors are and employment program administered encouraged and assisted in the by the Department to address the development, expansion, and multiple barriers to employment faced improvement of apprenticeship and by disadvantaged youth throughout the other forms of allied industrial training. United States. Job Corps is currently Technical information on training authorized under title IV–B of the Job methods, public training facilities, and Training Partnership Act. successfully executed systems are made Job Corps assists young people 16 to available to industry. Through field 24 years of age who need and can representatives in States, the Bureau benefit from an unusually intensive works closely with employers, labor program, operated primarily in the unions, vocational schools, community residential setting of a Job Corps center, planning groups, and others concerned to become more responsible, with apprenticeship. Programs must meet standards employable, and productive citizens. established by the Bureau or a The program is highly targeted to the recognized State Apprenticeship Council most severely disadvantaged youth and to be registered. Field compliance provides a comprehensive mix of reviews are conducted to determine services which address multiple barriers conformity with Federal equal to employment in an integrated and employment opportunity and other coordinated manner in one facility. The standards for apprenticeship and array of services includes diagnostic training. testing of reading and math levels; occupational exploration programs; For further information, call 202–219–0540. world of work training; basic education programs; competency-based vocational Job Training Partnership Act education programs; counseling and The Office of Job Training Programs is related support services; work responsible for the development and experience programs; social skills issuance of Federal procedures and training; intergroup relations; policies pertaining to the operation of recreational programs; meals, lodging, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 377 and clothing; health care; and child Regional Management care. The Office of Regional Management The program operates through a provides leadership to the Employment successful partnership of government, and Training Administration’s regional labor, and the private sector, with the offices that are located in 10 areas Federal Government providing the throughout the United States. The Office facilities and equipment for Job Corps executes direct-line authority over centers. Because the residential nature of Administration field activities (except the the program dictates unique space and Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training and Job Corps) and provides a central facility requirements, Job Corps center point of contact at the headquarters level sites are fixed. in connection with national office For further information, call 202–219–8550. component dealings with regional staff. Within its area of jurisdiction, each Senior Community Service Employment regional office is responsible for the Program Authorized by title V of the oversight and grant administration of Older Americans Act (42 U.S.C. 3056), employment and training programs the program makes subsidized, part-time operated by State governments. Other job opportunities in community service public interest responsibilities include activities available to low-income the coordination of Administration persons aged 55 and above. Project activities with Federal assistance grants are made to national-level public programs of other agencies within the and private nonprofit agencies and to region; the implementation of units of State governments. The employment training administrative distribution of funds among the States is policies on equal employment governed by a statutory apportionment opportunity; and assistance to the States formula. in carrying out operational responsibilities for employment and For further information, call 202–219–0500. training programs at the State and local levels. Regional OfficesÐEmployment and Training Administration

Address (Areas Served) Administrator Telephone Fax

Atlanta, GA (Rm. 6M12, 61 Forsyth St. SW., 30303) (AL, FL, GA, Toussaint L. Hayes ... 404±562±2092 404±347±3341 KY, MS, NC, SC, TN). Boston, MA (Rm. E±350, JFK Federal Bldg., 02203) (CT, MA, Robert J. Semler ...... 617±565±3630 617±565±2229 ME, NH, RI, VT). Chicago, IL (Rm. 628, 230 S. Dearborn St., 60604) (IL, IN, MI, Joseph Juarez, Act- 312±353±0313 312±353±4474 OH, WI). ing. Dallas, TX (Rm. 317, 525 Griffin St., 75202) (AR, LA, NM, OK, Joseph Juarez ...... 214±767±8263 214±767±5113 TX). Denver, CO (Suite 1780, 1999 Broadway St., 80202±5716) (CO, Peter E. Rell ...... 303±844±1650 303±844±1685 MT, ND, SD, UT, WY). Kansas City, MO (Suite 1050, 1100 Main St., 64105) (IA, KS, William H. Hood ...... 816±426±3796 816±426±2729 MO, NE). New York, NY (Rm. 755, 201 Varick St., 10014) (NJ, NY) ...... Marilyn K. Shea ...... 212±337±2139 212±337±2144 Philadelphia, PA (Rm. 13300, 3535 Market St., 19104) (DC, DE, Edwin G. Strong ...... 215±596±6336 215±596±0329 MD, PA, PR, VA, VI, WV). San Francisco, CA (Rm. 830, 71 Stevenson St., 94119±3767) Armando Quiroz ...... 415±975±4610 415±975±4612 (AZ, CA, HI, NV). Seattle, WA (Suite 900, 1111 3d Ave., 98101±3212) (AK, ID, OR, Bill Janes ...... 206±553±7700 206±553±0098 WA).

For further information concerning the Employment and Training Administration, call 202–219–5585. 378 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration

The Pension and Welfare Benefits about 700,000 pension plans and 6 Administration (PWBA) helps to protect million health and welfare plans, and is the economic future and retirement the national guardian of a vast private security of working Americans, as retirement and welfare benefit system. Its required under the Employee Retirement major activities include: formulating Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) (29 long- and short-range policy; conducting U.S.C. 1001). research; issuing regulations and The act requires administrators of private pension and welfare plans to technical guidance under ERISA; provide plan participants with easily enforcing ERISA to protect plans and understandable summaries of plans; to their assets from misuse; and assisting file those summaries with the agency; and educating the public and the and to report annually on the financial employee benefits community about operation of the plans and bonding of ERISA. The act is enforced through 15 persons charged with handling plan PWBA field offices nationwide and the funds and assets. Plan administrators national office in Washington, DC. must also meet strict fiduciary Vesting, participation, and funding responsibility standards that are enforced standards are primarily administered by by PWBA. The Administration is charged with the Internal Revenue Service. assuring responsible management of For further information, call 202–219–8921. Field OfficesÐPension and Welfare Benefits Administration

Area/Address Director

Atlanta, GA (Rm. 205, 1371 Peachtree St. NE., 30367) ...... Howard Marsh Boston, MA (7th Fl., Bowdoin Sq., 02114) ...... James Benages Chicago, IL (Suite 1600, 200 W. Adams St., 60606) ...... Kenneth Bazar Cincinnati, OH (Suite 210, 1885 Dixie Hwy., Fort Wright, KY 41011) ...... Joseph Menez Detroit, MI (Suite 1310, 211 W. Fort St., 48226±3211) ...... Robert Jogan Dallas, TX (Rm. 707, 525 Griffin St., 75202) ...... Bruce Ruud Kansas City, MO (Suite 1200, 1100 Main St., 64105±2112) ...... Gregory Egan Los Angeles, CA (Suite 514, 790 E. Colorado Blvd., 91101) ...... David Ganz Miami, Fl (Suite 504, 111 NW. 183d St., 33169) ...... Jesse Day New York, NY (Rm. 226, 1633 Broadway, 10019) ...... John Wehrum, Jr. Philadelphia, PA (Rm. M300, 3535 Market St., 19104) ...... Virginia Smith St. Louis, MO (Rm. 338, 815 Olive St., 63101±1559) ...... Roger Schlueter San Francisco, CA (Suite 915, 71 Stevenson St., 94119±0250) ...... Leonard Garofolo Seattle, WA (Rm. 869, 1111 3d Ave., 98101±3212) ...... John Scanlon Washington, DC (Suite 556, 1730 K St. NW., 20006) ...... Mabel Capolongo

Employment Standards Administration

The Office of the Assistant Secretary for workers’ compensation programs for Employment Standards is responsible for Federal and certain private employers administering and directing employment and employees; safeguarding the standards programs dealing with financial integrity and internal minimum wage and overtime standards; democracy of labor unions; and registration of farm labor contractors; administering statutory programs to determining prevailing wage rates to be certify employee protection provisions paid on Government contracts and for various federally sponsored subcontracts; nondiscrimination and transportation programs. affirmative action for minorities, women, For further information, call 202–219–6535. veterans, and handicapped Government Information is also available electronically through contract and subcontract workers; the Internet, at http://www.dol.gov/dol/esa/. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 379

Office of Federal Contract Era veterans. It applies to firms with Compliance Programs Federal contracts of $10,000 or more The Office of Federal Contract annually; Compliance Programs (OFCCP) ensures —the Immigration Reform and Control that companies that do business with the Act of 1986, which requires employers Government promote affirmative action to maintain certain records pertaining to and equal employment opportunity on the citizenship status of new employees. behalf of minorities, women, the These records are examined during the disabled, and Vietnam Veterans. course of compliance reviews and Through its 10 regional offices, as well complaint investigations, and results are as district and area offices in major reported to the Immigration and metropolitan centers, OFCCP enforces Naturalization Service; and the following laws and orders: —the Americans with Disabilities Act —Executive Order 11246, as of 1990, which became effective in July amended, which prohibits discrimination 1992 and provides disabled employees in hiring or employment opportunities protection against discrimination. on the basis of race, color, gender, In carrying out its responsibilities, the religion, and national origin. It applies to Office conducts compliance reviews and all contractors and subcontractors complaint investigations of Federal holding any Federal or federally assisted contractors’ personnel policies and contracts worth more than $10,000 procedures; obtains letters of annually. In addition, it requires commitment and conciliation contractors and subcontractors with a agreements from contractors who are in Federal contract of $50,000 or more, violation of regulatory requirements; and 50 or more employees, to develop a monitors contractors’ progress in written affirmative action program that fulfilling the terms of their agreements sets forth specific and result-oriented through periodic compliance reports; procedures to which the contractor is forms linkage agreements between committed to apply every good faith contractors and Department job training effort. —Section 503 of the Rehabilitation programs to help employers identify and Act of 1973, as amended, which recruit qualified workers; offers technical prohibits discrimination and requires assistance to contractors to help them affirmative action in all personnel understand the regulatory requirements practices for persons with disabilities. It and review process; and recommends applies to firms with Federal contracts of enforcement actions to the Solicitor of $10,000 or more annually; Labor. —the Vietnam Era Veterans’ The ultimate sanction for violations is Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974 (38 debarment—the loss of a company’s USC 4212), which prohibits Federal contracts. Other forms of relief discrimination and requires affirmative to victims of discrimination may also be action in all personnel practices for available, including back pay for lost special disabled veterans and Vietnam wages. Regional DirectorsÐOffice of Federal Contract Compliance Programs

Address (Areas Served) Director

Atlanta, GA (61 Forsyth St. SW., 30303) (AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN) ...... Carol A. Gaudin Boston, MA (Rm. E±235, JFK Federal Bldg., 02203) (CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT) ...... James R. Turner, Acting Chicago, IL (230 S. Dearborn St., 60604) (IA, IL, IN, KS, MI, MN, MO, NE, OH, WI) ..... Halcolm Holliman Dallas, TX (525 Griffin St., 75202) (AR, CO, LA, MT, ND, NM, OK, SD, TX, UT, WY) ... Albert Padilla New York, NY (201 Varick St., 10014) (NJ, NY, PR, VI) ...... James R. Turner Philadelphia, PA (3535 Market St., 19104) (DC, DE, MD, PA, VA, WV) ...... Joseph J. Dubray, Jr. San Francisco, CA (71 Stevenson St., 94105) (AZ, CA, HI, NV) ...... Helene Haase Seattle, WA (1111 3d Ave., 98101) (AK, ID, OR, WA) ...... Helene Haase, Acting

For further information, contact the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs Ombudsperson. Phone, 888–37–OFCCP (toll-free). 380 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Wage and Hour Division —administer and enforce a number of The Wage and Hour Administrator is immigration-related programs (with INS) responsible for planning, directing, and designed to safeguard the rights of both administering programs dealing with a American and foreign workers and to variety of Federal labor legislation. These prevent American workers similarly programs are designed to: employed from being adversely affected —protect low-wage incomes as by employment of alien workers. provided by the minimum wage The Wage and Hour Division is also provisions of the Fair Labor Standards responsible for predetermination of Act (29 U.S.C. 201); —safeguard the health and welfare of prevailing wage rates for Federal workers by discouraging excessively long construction contracts and federally hours of work through enforcement of assisted programs for construction, the overtime provisions of the Fair Labor alteration and repair of public works Standards Act; subject to the Davis-Bacon (40 U.S.C. —safeguard the health and well-being 276a) and related acts, and a continuing of minors; program for determining wage rates —prevent curtailment of employment under the Service Contract Act (41 and earnings for students, trainees, and U.S.C. 351). The Division also has handicapped workers; —minimize losses of income and job enforcement responsibility in ensuring rights caused by indebtedness; and that prevailing wages and overtime —direct a program of farm labor standards are paid in accordance with contractor registration designed to the provisions of the Davis-Bacon and protect the health, safety, and welfare of related acts: Service Contract Act, Public migrant and seasonal agricultural Contracts Act, and Contract Work Hours workers; and and Safety Standards Act. Regional AdministratorsÐWage and Hour Division

Address (Areas Served) Regional Administrator

Atlanta, GA (100 Alabama St. SW., 30303) (AL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN) ...... Alfred H. Perry Boston, MA (Rm. E234, JFK Bldg., 02203) (CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT) ...... James E. Sykes, Acting Chicago, IL (230 S. Dearborn St., 60604) (IL, IN, MI, OH, WI) ...... Everett P. Jennings, Acting Dallas, TX (Rm. 800, 525 Griffin St., 75202) (AR, CO, LA, MT, ND, NM, OK, SD, TX, Manuel J. Villareal UT, WY). Kansas City, MO (1100 Main St., 64105) (IA, KS, MO, NE) ...... Everett P. Jennings New York, NY (201 Varick St., 10014) (NJ, NY) ...... James E. Sykes, Acting Philadelphia, PA (3535 Market St., 19104) (DC, DE, MD, PA, PR, VA, VI, WV) ...... James E. Sykes, Acting San Francisco, CA (71 Stevenson St., 94119) (AK, AZ, CA, HI, ID, NV, OR, WA) ...... William C. Buhl

For further information, contact the Office of the Administrator, Wage and Hour Division, Department of Labor, Room S–3502, 200 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20210. Phone, 202–219–8305.

Office of Labor-Management 4117), which affect labor organizations Standards composed of employees of most agencies of the executive branch of the This office administers provisions of the Federal Government. These provisions Labor-Management Reporting and regulate certain internal union Disclosure Act of 1959 (29 U.S.C. 401) procedures, protect the rights of and section 1209 of the Postal members in approximately 36,000 Reorganization Act (39 U.S.C. 1209), unions; govern the handling of union which establish standards of conduct for funds; provide for reporting and public labor organizations in the private sector disclosure of certain financial and labor organizations composed of transactions and administrative practices Postal Service employees; as well as of unions, union officers and employees, section 701 of the Civil Service Reform surety companies, employers, and labor Act (5 U.S.C. 7120) and section 1017 of relations consultants; establish the Foreign Service Act (22 U.S.C. requirements for the election of union DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 381 officers; and establish requirements for with a final decision by the Assistant the imposition and administration of Secretary. trusteeships. The Office also administers a public This office conducts criminal and civil disclosure program for financial and investigations to safeguard the financial other reports filed by unions and others integrity of unions and to ensure union and provides compliance assistance to democracy; and conducts investigative help unions and others comply with the audits of labor unions to uncover and statutes. In administering responsibilities remedy criminal and civil violations of of the Department under Federal transit the Labor-Management Reporting and law, the office ensures that fair and Disclosure Act and related statutes. equitable arrangements protecting mass However, the standards of conduct are transit employees are in place before the enforced only by administrative action referral of Federal transit grant funds. Regional OfficesÐOffice of Labor-Management Standards

Region Address Director

Atlanta, GA ...... Suite 8B85, 61 Forsyth St. SW., 30303 ...... Ronald Lehman Kansas City, MO ...... Suite 950, 1100 Main St., 64105 ...... Kamil Bishara Philadelphia, PA ...... Suite 4151, 801 Arch St., 19107 ...... Eric Feldman San Francisco, CA ...... Suite 725, 71 Stevenson St., 94105 ...... C. Russell Rock Washington, DC ...... Suite 558, 1730 K St. NW., 20006 ...... Robert L. Merriner

For further information on union elections and reporting, call 202–219–7353. For general information, call 202–219–7373.

Office of Workers’ Compensation Compensation Act, and the War Claims Programs Act), which provide benefits to employees in private enterprise while The Office of Workers’ Compensation engaged in maritime employment on Programs is responsible for the navigable waters in the United States, as administration of the three basic Federal well as employees of certain government workers’ compensation laws: the Federal contractors and to private employers in Employees Compensation Act, which the District of Columbia for injuries that provides workers’ compensation for occurred prior to July 27, 1982; and the Federal employees and others; the Black Lung Benefits Act, as amended, Longshore and Harbor Workers’ which extends benefits to coal miners Compensation Act and its various who are totally disabled due to extensions (the Defense Base Act, Outer pneumoconiosis, a respiratory disease Continental Shelf Lands Act, contracted after prolonged inhalation of Nonappropriated Fund Instrumentalities coal mine dust, and to their survivors Act, the District of Columbia when the miner’s death is due to Compensation Act, the War Hazards pneumoconiosis. Regional/District OfficesÐOffice of Workers' Compensation Programs

Address (Areas Served) Director

Regional Offices Boston, MA, One Congress St., 02203 (CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT) ...... Charity Benz Chicago, IL, 230 S. Dearborn St., 60604 (IL, IN, MI, OH, WI) ...... Deborah Sanford Dallas, TX, 525 Griffin St., 75202 (AR, LA, NM, OK, TX) ...... Thomas Bouis Denver, CO, 1801 California St., 80294 (CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY) ...... Robert J. Mansanares Jacksonville, FL, 214 N. Hogan St., 32202 (FL) ...... Nancy L. Ricker Kansas City, MO, 1100 Main St., 64105 (IA, KS, MO, NE) ...... Charles O. Ketcham, Jr. New York, NY, 201 Varick St., 10014 (NJ, NY) ...... Kenneth Hamlett Philadelphia, PA, 3535 Market St., 19104 (DC, DE, MD, PA, PR, VA, VI, WV) ...... Robert D. Lotz San Francisco, CA, 71 Stevenson St., 94119 (AZ, CA, HI, NV) ...... Donna Onodera Seattle, WA, 1111 3d Ave., 98101 (AK, ID, OR, WA) ...... Thomas K. Morgan District Offices Federal Employee Compliance Act ...... Boston, MA (One Congress St., 02114) ...... Michael Harvil Chicago, IL (230 S. Dearborn St., 60604) ...... Richard Kadus 382 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Regional/District OfficesÐOffice of Workers' Compensation Programs—Continued

Address (Areas Served) Director

Cleveland, OH (1240 E. 9th St., 44199) ...... Robert M. Sullivan Dallas, TX (525 Griffin St., 75202) ...... E. Martin Walker Denver, CO (1801 California St., 80202±2614) ...... Robert Mitchell Jacksonville, FL (214 N. Hogan St., 32202) ...... William C. Franson Kansas City, MO (Suite 750, 1100 Main St., 64105) ...... Charles O. Ketcham, Jr. New York, NY (201 Varick St., 10014) ...... Jonathan A. Lawrence Philadelphia, PA (3535 Market St., 19104) ...... William Staarman San Francisco, CA (71 Stevenson St., 94119) ...... Ed Bounds Seattle, WA (1111 3d Ave., 98101±3212) ...... William Howard Washington, DC (800 N. Capitol St. NW., 20211) ...... Ora T. Wright Division of Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation ...... Baltimore, MD (31 Hopkins Plz., 21201) ...... Bruno DiSimone Boston, MA (One Congress St., 02114) ...... Randolph L. Regula Chicago, IL (230 S. Dearborn St., 60604) ...... Thomas C. Hunter Honolulu, HI (300 Ala Moana Blvd., 96850) ...... Joyce Terry Houston, TX (Suite 140, 8866 Gulf Freeway, 77014) ...... Chris John Gleasman Jacksonville, FL (214 N. Hogan St., 32202) ...... Jeana Jackson Long Beach, CA (401 E. Ocean Blvd., 90802) ...... Joyce Terry New Orleans, LA (701 Loyola St., 70113) ...... Marilyn Felkner New York, NY (201 Varick St., 10014) ...... Richard V. Robilotti Norfolk, VA (200 Granby Mall, 23510) ...... Basil E. Voultsides Philadelphia, PA (3535 Market St., 19104) ...... John McTaggart San Francisco, CA (71 Stevenson St., 94119) ...... Joyce Terry Seattle, WA (1111 3d Ave., 98101±3212) ...... Karen Staats Division of Coal Mine Workers' Compensation ...... Charleston, WV (2 Hale St., 25301) ...... Robert Hardesty Columbus, OH (274 Marconi Blvd., 43215) ...... Don Dopps Denver, CO (1801 California St., 80202±2614) ...... John Martin Greensburg, PA (1225 S. Main St., 15601 ...... John Ciszek Johnstown, PA (Rm. 201, 319 Washington St., 15901) ...... Stuart Glassman Pikeville, KY (334 Main St., 41501) ...... Harry Skidmore Wilkes-Barre, PA (Suite 100, 105 N. Main St., 18701) ...... Jack Geller

For further information, contact the Office of the Director, Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs, Department of Labor, Room S–3524, 200 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20210. Phone, 202– 219–7503.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

The Assistant Secretary for Occupational and issues regulations; conducts Safety and Health has responsibility for investigations and inspections to occupational safety and health activities. determine the status of compliance with The Occupational Safety and Health safety and health standards and Administration, established pursuant to regulations; and issues citations and the Occupational Safety and Health Act proposes penalties for noncompliance of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 651 et seq.), develops and promulgates occupational with safety and health standards and safety and health standards; develops regulations. Regional OfficesÐOccupational Safety and Health Administration

Address Administrator Telephone

Atlanta, GA (100 Alabama St. SW., 30303) (AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN) ..... R. Davis Layne ...... 404±562±2300 Boston, MA (Rm. E±340, JFK Federal Bldg., 02203) (CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT) .... John T. Phillips ...... 617±565±9860 Chicago, IL (230 S. Dearborn St., 60604) (IL, IN, MI, OH, WI) ...... Michael Connors ...... 312±353±2220 Dallas, TX (555 Griffin St., 75202) (AR, LA, NM, OK, TX) ...... E.B. Blanton ...... 214±767±4731 Denver, CO (1999 Broadway, 80202) (CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY) ...... Byron R. Chadwick ... 303±844±1600 Kansas City, MO (1100 Main St., 64105) (IA, KS, MO, NE) ...... Charles Adkins ...... 816±426±5861 New York, NY (201 Varick St., 10014) (NJ, NY) ...... Patricia Clark ...... 212±337±2378 Philadelphia, PA (3535 Market St., 19104) (DC, DE, MD, PA, PR, VA, VI, WV) ..... Linda R. Anku ...... 215±596±1201 San Francisco, CA (71 Stevenson St., 94105) (AZ, CA, HI, NV) ...... Frank Strasheim ...... 415±975±4310 Seattle, WA (1111 3d Ave., 98101) (AK, ID, OR, WA) ...... Richard Terrill, Acting 206±553±5930 DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 383

For further information, contact the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20210. Phone, 202–219–8151.

Mine Safety and Health Administration

The Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine programs; improves and expands training Safety and Health has responsibility for programs in cooperation with the States safety and health in the Nation’s mines. and the mining industry; and, in The Federal Coal Mine Health and coordination with the Department of Safety Act of 1969 (30 U.S.C. 801 et Health and Human Services, contributes seq.) gave the Administration strong to the improvement and expansion of enforcement provisions to protect the mine safety and health research and Nation’s coal miners and, in 1977, the development. All of these activities are Congress passed amendments which aimed at preventing and reducing mine strengthened the act, expanding its accidents and occupational diseases in protections and extending its provisions the mining industry. to the noncoal mining industry. The Administration develops and The statutory responsibilities of the promulgates mandatory safety and health Administration are administered by a standards, ensures compliance with such headquarters staff located at Arlington, standards, assesses civil penalties for VA, reporting to the Assistant Secretary violations, and investigates accidents. It for Mine Safety and Health and by a cooperates with and provides assistance field network of district, subdistrict, and to the States in the development of field offices, technology centers, and the effective State mine safety and health Approval and Certification Center. District OfficesÐMine Safety and Health Administration

District/Address Telephone

Coal Mine Safety and Health Barbourville, KY (HC 66, Box 1762, 40906) ...... 606±546±5123 Birmingham, AL (Suite 213, 135 Gemini Cir., 35209±4896) ...... 205±290±7300 Denver, CO (P.O. Box 25367, 80225±0367) ...... 303±231±5458 Hunker, PA (R 1, Box 736, 15639) ...... 412±925±5150 Madisonville, KY (100 YMCA Dr., 42431±9019) ...... 502±821±4180 Morgantown, WV (5012 Mountaineer Mall, 26505) ...... 304±291±4277 Mount Hope, WV (100 Bluestone Rd., 25880) ...... 304±877±3900 Norton, VA (P.O. Box 560, 24273) ...... 540±679±0230 Pikeville, KY (100 Ratliff Creek Rd., 41501) ...... 606±432±0943 Vincennes, IN (P.O. Box 418, 47591) ...... 812±882±7617 Wilkes-Barre, PA (20 N. Pennsylvania Ave., 18701) ...... 717±826±6321 Metal/Nonmetal Mine Safety and Health Northeastern District (230 Executive Dr., Cranberry Township, PA 16066±6415) ...... 412±772±2333 Southeastern District (Suite 212, 135 Gemini Cir., Birmingham, AL 35209±4896) ...... 205±290±7294 North Central District (515 W. 1st St., Duluth, MN 55802±1302) ...... 218±720±5448 South Central District (Rm. 4C50, 1100 Commerce St., Dallas, TX 75242±0499) ...... 214±767±8401 Rocky Mountain District (P.O. Box 25367, Denver, CO 80225±0367) ...... 303±231±5465 Western District (3333 Vaca Valley Pkwy., Vacaville, CA 95688) ...... 707±447±9844

For further information, contact the Office of Information and Public Affairs, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor, Room 601, 4015 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22203. Phone, 703–235–1452.

Labor Statistics

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is Federal Government in the broad field of the principal fact-finding agency of the labor economics and statistics. The 384 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Bureau is an independent national The Bureau strives to have its data statistical agency that collects, processes, satisfy a number of criteria, including: analyzes, and disseminates essential relevance to current social and statistical data to the American public, economic issues, timeliness in reflecting Congress, other Federal agencies, State today’s rapidly changing economic and local governments, businesses, and conditions, accuracy and consistently labor relating to employment, high statistical quality, and impartiality unemployment, and other characteristics in both subject matter and presentation. of the labor force; consumer and The basic data—practically all supplied voluntarily by business producer prices, consumer expenditures, establishments and members of private and import and export prices; wages and households—are issued in monthly, employee benefits; productivity and quarterly, and annual news releases; technological change; employment bulletins, reports, and special projections; occupational illness and publications; and periodicals. Data are injuries; and international comparisons also made available through an of labor statistics. Most of the data are electronic news service, magnetic tape, collected in surveys conducted by the diskettes, and microfiche, as well as on Bureau, the Bureau of the Census (on a Internet. Regional offices issue additional contract basis), or on a cooperative basis reports and releases usually presenting with State agencies. locality or regional detail. Regional OfficesÐBureau of Labor Statistics

Region Address Commissioner

Atlanta, GA (AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN) ...... 61 Forsyth St. SW., 30303 ...... Janet S. Rankin Boston, MA (CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT) ...... JFK Federal Bldg., 02203 ...... Anthony J. Ferrara Chicago, IL (IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI) ...... 230 S. Dearborn St., 60604 ..... (Vacancy) Dallas, TX (AR, LA, NM, OK, TX) ...... 525 Griffin Sq. Bldg., 75202 ..... Robert A. Goddie Kansas City, MO (CO, IA, KS, MO, MT, NE, ND, SD, UT, Suite 600, 1100 Main St., Gunnan Engen WY). 64105). New York, NY (CZ, NJ, NY, PR, VI) ...... 201 Varick St., 10014 ...... John Wieting Philadelphia, PA (DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV) ...... 3535 Market St., 19104 ...... Alan M. Paisner San Francisco, CA (AK, American Samoa, AZ, CA, GU, HI, 71 Stevenson St., 94119±3766 Stanley P. Stephenson ID, NV, OR, Pacific Islands, WA).

For further information, contact the Associate Commissioner, Office of Publications, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, Room 4110, 2 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20212. Phone, 202–606–5900.

Veterans’ Employment and Training Service

The Veterans’ Employment and Training The Service carries out its Service is the component of the responsibilities for directing the Department of Labor administered by the Department’s veterans’ employment and Assistant Secretary for Veterans’ training programs through a nationwide Employment and Training. The Assistant network that includes Regional Secretary is the principal adviser to the Administrators, Directors (in each State) Secretary of Labor in the formulation and and Assistant Directors (one for each 250,000 veterans in each State) for implementation of all departmental Veterans’ Employment and Training, policies, procedures, and regulations Assistant Regional Administrators, affecting veterans and is responsible for Veterans’ Program Specialists, and administering veterans’ employment and program support staff. training programs and activities through The Service field staff works closely the Service to ensure that legislative and with and provides technical assistance to regulatory mandates are accomplished. State Employment Security Agencies and DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 385

Job Training Partnership Act grant employment and training needs of recipients to ensure that veterans are service-connected disabled veterans, provided the priority services required by Vietnam-era veterans, and veterans law. They also coordinate with recently separated from military service. employers, labor unions, veterans service IV–C grants are awarded and monitored organizations, and community through the Service’s national office and organizations through planned public field staff. information and outreach activities. Certain other Service staff also Federal contractors are provided administer the veterans reemployment management assistance in complying rights program. They provide assistance with their veterans affirmative action and to help restore job, seniority, and reporting obligations. pension rights to veterans following Also administered by the Assistant absences from work for active military Secretary through the Service is the Job service and to protect employment and Training Partnership Act, title IV, part C retention rights of members of the grant program designed to meet the Reserve or National Guard. Regional Administrators/State DirectorsÐVeterans' Employment and Training Service (RA: Regional Administrator; D: Director)

Region/Address Director Telephone

Aberdeen, SD (420 S. Roosevelt St., 57402±4730) ...... Earl R. Schultz (D) ...... 605±626±2325 Albany, NY (Rm. 518, Bldg. 12, Harriman State Campus, 12240) ...... James H. Hartman (D) ...... 518±457±7465 Albuquerque, NM (401 Broadway NE., 87102) ...... Jacob Castillo (D) ...... 505±766±2113 Atlanta, GA (Rm. 6±T85, 61 Forsyth St. SW., 30303) ...... William Bolls (RA) ...... 404±562±2305 Atlanta, GA (Suite 504, 148 International Blvd. NE., 30303) ...... Hartwell H. Morris (D) ...... 404±331±3893 Austin, TX (Suite 516±T, 1117 Trinity St., 78701) ...... John McKinny (D) ...... 512±463±2207 Baltimore, MD (Rm. 210, 1100 N. Eutaw St., 21201) ...... Stanley Seidel (D) ...... 410±767±2110 Baton Rouge, LA (Rm. 184,, Admin. Bldg. 1001 N. 23d St., 70802) ...... Lester Parmenter (D) ...... 504±389±0339 Bismarck, ND (1000 Divide Ave., 58502±1632) ...... Richard Ryan (D) ...... 701±250±4337 Boise, ID (Rm. 303, 317 Main St., 83735) ...... (Vacancy) (D) ...... 208±334±6163 Boston, MA (2d Fl., 19 Staniford St., 02114±2502) ...... Travis Dixon (D) ...... 617±626±6690 Boston, MA (Rm. E±315, JFK Federal Bldg., 02203) ...... Norman M. Ahlquist (RA) ...... 617±565±2080 Carson City, NV (Rm. 205, 1923 N. Carson St., 89702) ...... (Vacancy) (D) ...... 702±687±4632 Casper, WY (100 W. Midwest Ave., 82602±2760) ...... David McNulty (D) ...... 307±261±5454 Charleston, WV (Rm. 205, 112 California Ave., 25305±0112) ...... David L. Bush (D) ...... 304±558±4001 Chicago, IL (Rm. 1064, 230 S. Dearborn St., 60604) ...... Ronald G. Bachman (RA) ...... 312±353±0970 Chicago, IL (2 N., 401 S. State St., 60605) ...... Samuel Parks (D) ...... 312±793±3433 Columbia, SC (Suite 140, 631 Hampton St., 29201) ...... William C. Plowden, Jr. (D) ..... 803±765±5195 Columbus, OH (Rm. 523, 145 S. Front St., 43215) ...... Carl Price (D) ...... 614±466±2768 Concord, NH (Rm. 208, 143 N. Main St., 03301) ...... David Houle (D) ...... 603±225±1424 Dallas, TX (Rm. 205, 525 Griffin St., 75202) ...... Lester L. Williams, Jr. (RA) ..... 214±767±4987 Denver, CO (Suite 910, 1801 California St., 80202±2614) ...... Ronald G. Bachman (RA) ...... 303±844±1175 Denver, CO (Suite 400, 1515 Arapahoe St., 80202±2117) ...... Mark A. McGinty (D) ...... 303±844±2151 Des Moines, IA (150 Des Moines St., 50309±5563) ...... Leonard E. Shaw, Jr. (D) ...... 515±281±9061 Detroit, MI (6th Fl., 7310 Woodward Ave., 48202) ...... Kim Fulton (D) ...... 313±876±5613 Frankfort, KY (275 E. Main St., 40621±2339) ...... Charles R. Netherton (D) ...... 502±564±7062 Hato Rey, PR (No. 198, Calle Guayama, 00917) ...... Angel Mojica (D) ...... 787±754±5391 Helena, MT (Suite D±4, 111 N. Last Chance Gulch, 59601±4144) ...... H. Polly LaTray-Holmes (D) .... 406±449±5431 Honolulu, HI (Rm. 315, 830 Punch Bowl St., 96813) ...... Gilbert Hough (D) ...... 808±522±8216 Indianapolis, IN (Rm. 103, 10 N. Senate Ave., 46204) ...... Bruce Redman (D) ...... 317±232±6804 Jackson, MS (1520 W. Capitol St., 39215±1699) ...... (Vacancy) (D) ...... 601±965±4204 Jefferson City, MO (421 E. Dunklin St., 65104±3138) ...... Mickey J. Jones (D) ...... 573±751±3921 Juneau, AK (1111 W. 8th St., 99802±5509) ...... Daniel Travis (D) ...... 907±465±2723 Kansas City, MO (Suite 850, 1100 Main St., 64105±2112) ...... Lester Williams (RA) ...... 816±426±7151 Lewiston, ME (522 Lisbon St., 04243) ...... Jon Guay (D) ...... 207±783±5352 Lincoln, NE (550 S. 16th St., 68508) ...... Richard Nelson (D) ...... 402±437±5289 Little Rock, AR (Rm. G±12, State Capitol Mall, 72201) ...... Billy R. Threlkeld (D) ...... 501±682±3786 Madison, WI (Rm. 250, 201 E. Washington Ave., 53702) ...... James R. Gutowski (D) ...... 608±266±3110 Montgomery, AL (Rm. 543, 649 Monroe St., 36131±6300) ...... Thomas M. Karrh (D) ...... 334±223±7677 Harrisburg, PA (Rm. 1108, 7th and Forster Sts., 17121) ...... Larry Babbitts (D) ...... 717±787±5834 Montpelier, VT (Rm. 303, 87 State St., 05602) ...... Ronald R. Benoit (D) ...... 802±828±4441 Nashville, TN (915 8th Ave. N., 37219±3795) ...... Richard E. Ritchie (D) ...... 615±736±7680 New York, NY (Rm. 766, 201 Varick St., 10014) ...... H. Miles Sisson (RA) ...... 212±337±2211 Oklahoma City, OK (400 Will Rogers Memorial Office Bldg., 73105) ...... Darrell H. Hill (D) ...... 405±557±7189 Olympia, WA (3d Fl., 605 Woodview Sq. Loop SE., 98503±1040) ...... Donald J. Hutt (D) ...... 360±438±4600 Philadelphia, PA (Rm. 802, 2d & Chestnut Sts., 19106) ...... Irvin Pope (RA) ...... 215±597±1664 Phoenix, AZ (1400 W. Washington St., 85005) ...... Marco A. Valenzuela (D) ...... 602±379±4961 Providence, RI (507 U.S. Courthouse, N. Federal Bldg., 02903) ...... John Dunn (D) ...... 401±528±5134 Raleigh, NC (Bldg. M, 700 Wade Ave., 27605) ...... Steven Guess (D) ...... 919±856±4792 Richmond, VA (Rm. 118, 703 E. Main St., 23219) ...... Roberto Pineda (D) ...... 804±786±6599 386 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Regional Administrators/State DirectorsÐVeterans' Employment and Training Service—Continued (RA: Regional Administrator; D: Director)

Region/Address Director Telephone

Sacramento, CA (1142 800 Capitol Mall, 94280±0001) ...... Rosendo A. (Alex) Cuevas (D) 916±654±8178 St. Paul, MN (610 Piper Jaffray Plz., 444 Cedar St., 55101) ...... Michael D. Graham (D) ...... 612±290±3028 Salem, OR (875 Union St. NE., 97311±0100) ...... Rex A. Newell (D) ...... 503±378±3338 Salt Lake City, UT (140 E. 300 South St., 84111±2333) ...... Dale Brockbank (D) ...... 801±524±5703 San Francisco, CA (Suite 705, 71 Stevenson St., 94105) ...... Charles Martinez (RA) ...... 415±975±4702 Seattle, WA (Suite 800, 1111 3d Ave., 98101±3212) ...... Charles Martinez (RA) ...... 206±553±4831 Tallahassee, FL (Suite 205, 2574 Seagate Dr., 32399±0676) ...... LaMont P. Davis (D) ...... 904±877±4164 Topeka, KS (401 Topeka Blvd., 66603±3182) ...... Gayle A. Gibson (D) ...... 913±296±5032 Trenton, NJ (11th Fl., Labor Bldg., CN±058, 08625) ...... Alan E. Grohs (D) ...... 609±292±2930 Washington, DC (Rm. 108, 500 C St. NW., 20001) ...... Stanley Williams (D) ...... 202±724±7004 Wethersford, CT (200 Follybrook Blvd., 06109) ...... Robert B. Inman (D) ...... 203±566±3326 Wilmington, DE (Rm. 420, 4425 N. Market St., 19809±0828) ...... Joseph Hortiz (D) ...... 302±761±8138

For further information, contact the Assistant Secretary for Veterans’ Employment and Training, Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20210. Phone, 202–219–9116.

Sources of Information

Contracts General inquiries may be through the Superintendent of directed to the Office of the Acquisition Documents, Government Printing Office, Advocate, OASAM, Room N–5425, 200 Washington, DC 20402. Information Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, about publications may be obtained DC 20210. Phone, 202–219–8904. from the Administration’s Information Inquiries on doing business with the Office. Phone, 202–219–6871. Job Corps should be directed to the The Office of Labor-Management appropriate Job Corps Regional Director Standards publishes the text of the in the Employment and Training Labor-Management Reporting and Administration regional office. Disclosure Act (29 U.S.C. 401) and Employment Personnel offices use lists pamphlets that explain the reporting, of eligibles from the clerical, scientific, election, bonding, and trusteeship technical, and general examinations of provisions of the act. The pamphlets and the Office of Personnel Management. reporting forms used by persons covered Inquiries and applications may be by the act are available free in limited directed to any of the eight personnel quantities from the OLMS National offices at: Department of Labor, 200 Office at Room N–5616, 200 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20210, or the nearest regional office. DC 20210, and from OLMS field offices Information on specific vacancies may listed in the telephone directory under be obtained by calling the Department’s United States Government, Department Job Opportunity Bank System. Phone, of Labor. 800–366–2753. The Pension and Welfare Benefits Publications The Office of Public Administration distributes fact sheets, Affairs distributes a brochure entitled pamphlets, and booklets on employer Department of Labor, which describes obligations and employee rights under the activities of the major agencies ERISA. A list of publications is available within the Department, and Publications by writing: PWBA, Division of Public of the Department of Labor, a subject Information, Room N–5666, 200 listing of publications available from the Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, Department. DC 20210. Phone, 202–219–8921. The Employment and Training The Bureau of Labor Statistics has an Administration issues periodicals such as Information Office at 2 Massachusetts Area Trends in Employment and Avenue NE., Room 2850, Washington, Unemployment available by subscription DC 20212. Phone, 202–606–5886. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 387

Periodicals include the Monthly Labor The Office of Labor-Management Review, Consumer Price Index, Producer Standards maintains a Public Disclosure Prices and Price Indexes, Employment Room at Room N–5616, 200 and Earnings, Current Wage Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, Developments, Occupational Outlook DC 20210. Reports filed under the Handbook, and Occupational Outlook Labor-Management Reporting and Quarterly. Publications are both free and Disclosure Act may be examined there for sale, but for-sale items must be and purchased for 15 cents per page. obtained from the Superintendent of Reports also may be obtained by calling Documents, Government Printing Office. the Public Disclosure Room at 202–219– Inquiries may be directed to the 7393, or by contacting an Office field Washington Information Office or to the office listed in the telephone directory Bureau’s regional offices. under United States Government, Publications of the Employment Department of Labor. Standards Administration, such as Handy Reference Guide to the Fair Labor The Pension and Welfare Benefits Standards Act, and OFCCP, Making Administration maintains a Public Affirmative Action Work, are available Disclosure Room at Room N–5507, 200 from the nearest area office. Single Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, copies are free. DC 20210. Reports filed under the Reading Rooms Department of Labor Employee Retirement Income Security Library, Room N2439, Frances Perkins Act may be examined there and Building, 200 Constitution Avenue NW., purchased for 10 cents per page or by Washington, DC 20210. Phone, 202– calling the Public Disclosure Room at 219–6992. 202–219–8771.

For further information concerning the Department of Labor, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Department of Labor, Room S–1032, 200 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20210. Phone, 202– 219–7316. DEPARTMENT OF STATE 2201 C Street NW., Washington, DC 20520 Phone, 202–647–4000

SECRETARY OF STATE MADELEINE K. ALBRIGHT Chief of Staff ELAINE K. SHOCAS Executive Assistant DAVID M. HALE Special Assistant to the Secretary and WILLIAM J. BURNS Executive Secretary of the Department Deputy Assistant Secretary for Equal DEIDRE A. DAVIS Employment Opportunity and Civil Rights Chief of Protocol MOLLY M. RAISER Chairman, Foreign Service Grievance Board JAMES OLDHAM Civil Service Ombudsman TED A. BOREK Deputy Secretary of State STROBE TALBOTT Under Secretary for Political Affairs PETER TARNOFF Under Secretary for Economic and JOAN E. SPERO Agricultural Affairs Under Secretary for Global Affairs TIMOTHY E. WIRTH Under Secretary for Arms Control and LYNN E. DAVIS International Security Affairs Under Secretary for Management PATRICK F. KENNEDY, Acting Assistant Secretary for Administration GENIE NORRIS, Acting Assistant Secretary for Consular Affairs MARY A. RYAN Assistant Secretary for Diplomatic Security ERIC JAMES BOSWELL Chief Financial Officer RICHARD L. GREENE Director General of the Foreign Service and ANTHONY C.E. QUAINTON Director of Personnel Medical Director, Department of State and CEDRIC E. DUMONT, M.D. the Foreign Service Executive Secretary, Board of the Foreign LEO VOYTKO, JR. Service Director of the Foreign Service Institute TERESITA C. SCHAEFFER Director, Office of Foreign Missions ERIC JAMES BOSWELL Assistant Secretary for Population, Refugee, PHYLLIS E. OAKLEY and Migration Affairs Inspector General JACQUELINE L. WILLIAMS-BRIDGER Director, Policy Planning Staff JAMES B. STEINBERG Assistant Secretary for Legislative Affairs BARBARA LARKIN Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human JOHN SHATTUCK Rights, and Labor Legal Advisor MICHAEL J. MATHESON, Acting Assistant Secretary for African Affairs GEORGE MOOSE Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific CHARLES KARTMAN, Acting Affairs Assistant Secretary for European and JOHN KORNBLUM Canadian Affairs Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs JEFFREY DAVIDOW 388 DEPARTMENT OF STATE 389

Permanent Representative of the United HARRIET C. BABBITT States of America to the Organization of American States Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern Affairs DAVID WELCH, Acting Assistant Secretary for South Asian Affairs ROBIN L. RAPHEL Assistant Secretary for Economic and DANIEL K. TARULLO Business Affairs Assistant Secretary for Intelligence and TOBY TRISTER GATI Research Assistant Secretary for International PRINCETON LYMAN Organization Affairs Assistant Secretary for Oceans and EILEEN CLAUSSEN International Environmental and Scientific Affairs Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs R. NICHOLAS BURNS, Acting Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Politico- THOMAS E. MCNAMARA Military Affairs Assistant Secretary for International ROBERT S. GELBARD Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs U.S. Coordinator, International VONYA B. MCCANN Communications and Information Policy

United States Mission to the United Nations 1 799 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017

United States Representative to the United BILL RICHARDSON Nations and Representative in the Security Council Deputy United States Representative to the EDWARD GNEHM, JR. United Nations United States Representative for Special KARL F. INDERFURTH Political Affairs in the United Nations United States Representative on the VICTOR MARRERO Economic and Social Council United States Representative for U.N. (VACANCY) Management and Reform

[For the Department of State statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 22, Part 5]

The Department of State advises the President in the formulation and execution of foreign policy. As Chief Executive, the President has overall responsibility for the foreign policy of the United States. The Department of State’s primary objective in the conduct of foreign relations is to promote the long-range security and well-being of the United States. The Department determines and analyzes the facts relating to American overseas interests, makes recommendations on policy and future action, and takes the necessary steps to carry out established policy. In so doing, the Department engages in continuous consultations with the American public, the Congress, other U.S. departments and agencies, and foreign governments; negotiates treaties and agreements with foreign nations; speaks for the United States in the United Nations and in more than 50 major international organizations in which the

1 A description of the organization and functions of the United Nations can be found under Selected Multilateral Organizations in this book. 390 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

United States participates; and represents the United States at more than 800 international conferences annually.

The Department of State, the senior areas where public purposes are widely executive department of the U.S. applied are detailed below and on the Government, was established by act of following pages. July 27, 1789, as the Department of Economic and Agricultural Affairs The Foreign Affairs and was renamed Under Secretary for Economic and Department of State by act of September Agricultural Affairs is principal adviser to 15, 1789 (22 U.S.C. 2651 note). the Secretary and Deputy Secretary in the formulation and conduct of foreign Office of the Secretary economic policy. Specific areas for Secretary of State The Secretary of which the Under Secretary is responsible State, the principal foreign policy adviser include international trade, agriculture, to the President, is responsible for the energy, finance, transportation, and overall direction, coordination, and relations with developing countries. supervision of U.S. foreign relations and International Security Affairs The for the interdepartmental activities of the Under Secretary for International U.S. Government overseas. The Security Affairs is responsible for Secretary is the first-ranking member of assuring the integration of all elements of the Cabinet, is a member of the National the Foreign Assistance Program as an Security Council, and is in charge of the effective instrument of U.S. foreign operations of the Department, including policy and serves as Chairman of the the Foreign Service. The Office of the Arms Transfer Management Group. Secretary includes the offices of the Other areas of responsibility include Deputy Secretary, Under Secretaries, international scientific and technological Assistant Secretaries, Counselor, Legal issues, communications and information Adviser, and Inspector General. Some policy, and technology transfers.

Regional Bureaus

Six Assistant Secretaries direct the Groups in the National Security Council activities of the geographic bureaus, system. These groups discuss and decide which are responsible for our foreign issues that can be settled at the Assistant affairs activities throughout the world. Secretary level, including those arising These are the Bureaus of African Affairs, out of the implementation of National European and Canadian Affairs, East Security Council decisions. They prepare Asian and Pacific Affairs, Inter-American Affairs, and Near Eastern Affairs, and policy papers for consideration by the South Asian Affairs. Council and contingency papers on The regional Assistant Secretaries also potential crisis areas for Council review. serve as Chairmen of Interdepartmental

Functional Areas

Diplomatic Security The Bureau of secure environment for conducting Diplomatic Security, established under American diplomacy and promoting the Omnibus Diplomatic Security and American interests worldwide. Antiterrorism Act of 1986, as amended The Assistant Secretary of State for (22 U.S.C. 4803 et seq.), provides a Diplomatic Security is responsible for: DEPARTMENT OF STATE 391

DEPARTMENT OF STATE

AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL SECRETARY DEVELOPMENT UNITED STATES OF STATE PERMANENT UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE TO INFORMATION THE UNITED NATIONS AGENCY ARMS CONTROL DEPUTY SECRETARY AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY

POLICY EQUAL EMPLOYMENT COORDINATOR FOR EXECUTIVE CHIEF OF STAFF PROTOCOL OPPORTUNITY AND COUNTER- SECRETARY PLANNING CIVIL RIGHTS TERRORISM COUNCIL

UNDER SECRETARY UNDER SECRETARY UNDER SECRETARY FOR ECONOMIC FOR ARMS CONTROL UNDER SECRETARY UNDER SECRETARY FOR POLITICAL AND AGRICULTURAL AND INTERNATIONAL FOR MANAGEMENT FOR GLOBAL AFFAIRS AFFAIRS AFFAIRS SECURITY AFFAIRS

ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL- DEMOCRACY, AFRICAN BUSINESS MILITARY FOREIGN SERVICE HUMAN RIGHTS, AFFAIRS AFFAIRS AFFAIRS INSTITUTE AND LABOR

INTERNATIONAL EAST ASIAN NARCOTICS AND AND PACIFIC ADMINISTRATION LAW ENFORCEMENT AFFAIRS AFFAIRS

OCEANS AND EUROPEAN AND CONSULAR INTERNATIONAL CANADIAN AFFAIRS ENVIRONMENTAL AND AFFAIRS SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS

DIPLOMATIC POPULATION, INTER- SECURITY AMERICAN REFUGEES, OFFICE OF AFFAIRS AND MIGRATION FOREIGN MISSIONS

NEAR FINANCE AND EASTERN MANAGEMENT AFFAIRS POLICY

SOUTH DIRECTOR GENERAL ASIAN OF THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS SERVICE AND DIRECTOR OF PERSONNEL

MEDICAL INTERNATIONAL DIRECTOR ORGANIZATION FAMILY LIAISON AFFAIRS OFFICE

PERSONNEL

INTELLIGENCE INSPECTOR LEGISLATIVE LEGAL ADVISOR PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND GENERAL AFFAIRS RESEARCH

DIPLOMATIC, CONSULAR, AND OTHER ESTABLISHMENTS AND DELEGATIONS TO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 392 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

—security and protective operations planning and implementation of security abroad and in the United States; programs. —counter-terrorism planning and The Office of Policy, Planning, and coordination; Budget assists in developing and —security technology development; coordinating Department and —foreign government security training; interagency security policy issues and and standards through participation in —personnel training. committees, councils, and working The Security Awareness Staff directs groups and in providing assistance to the development and execution of Diplomatic Security program offices by bureauwide security and information awareness policies and programs, press resolving policy inconsistencies. and media relations, and public For further information, call 202–663–0478. awareness. The Security Awareness Program provides information on Economic and Business Affairs The diplomatic security concerns and is a Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs focal point for responding to public has overall responsibility for formulating inquiries and maintaining media and implementing policy regarding relations on diplomatic security issues foreign economic matters, including and events. The Training Support resource and food policy, international Division provides publications and energy issues, trade, economic sanctions, training videotapes on diplomatic international finance and development, security concerns. and aviation and maritime affairs. The Private Sector Liaison Staff For further information, call 202–647–2720. maintains daily contact with and actively supports the U.S. private sector by Finance and Management Policy The disseminating timely, unclassified Bureau of Finance and Management security information concerning the Policy is directed by the Chief Financial safety of U.S. private sector personnel, Officer (CFO), who serves as the facilities, and operations abroad. The Department’s Budget Officer and Staff operates the Electronic Bulletin Management Control Officer and assists Board, a computerized, unclassified in managing the Department and its security information data base accessible posts. The CFO, assisted by well- to U.S. private sector enterprises. It also qualified and well-trained financial provides direct consultation services to management personnel, establishes the private sector concerning security effective management policies and threats abroad. internal controls; ensures adequate The Overseas Security Advisory systems to produce useful, reliable, and Council promotes cooperation on timely financial and related security-related issues between the programmatic information; develops American private sector interests useful financial analysis and worldwide and the Department of State, performance reports; and integrates as provided in 22 U.S.C. 2656 and the budget execution and accounting Federal Advisory Committee Act, as functions. amended (5 U.S.C. app.). The Council For further information, call 202–647–6778. establishes continuing liaison and provides for operational security Foreign Service Institute The Foreign cooperation between Department Service Institute of the Department of security functions and the private sector. State is the Federal Government’s The Council also provides for regular primary training institution for officers and timely exchange of information and support personnel of the foreign between the private sector and the affairs community. In addition to the Department concerning developments in Department of State, the Institute protective security. Additionally, it provides training for more than 40 other recommends methods and provides governmental agencies. The Institute’s material for coordinating security more than 300 courses, including 60 DEPARTMENT OF STATE 393 language courses, range in length from U.S.C. 2291, 2292). It is the principal several days to 2 years. The courses are point of contact and provides advice on designed to promote successful international narcotics control matters for performance in each professional the Office of Management and Budget, assignment, to ease the adjustment to the National Security Council, and the other countries and cultures, and to White House Office of National Drug enhance the leadership and management Control Policy in ensuring capabilities of the foreign affairs implementation of U.S. policy in community. international narcotics matters. For further information, call 703–302–6729. The Bureau provides guidance on narcotics control matters to chiefs of Intelligence and Research The Bureau missions and directs narcotics control of Intelligence and Research coordinates coordinators at posts abroad; programs of intelligence, analysis, and communicates or authorizes research for the Department and other communication, as appropriate with Federal agencies, and produces foreign governments, on drug control intelligence studies and current matters including negotiating, intelligence analyses essential to foreign concluding, and terminating agreements policy determination and execution. relating to international narcotics control Through its Office of Research, the programs as authorized by section 1(g)(3) Bureau maintains liaison with cultural of State Department Delegation of and educational institutions and oversees Authority No. 145 of February 4, 1980. contract research and conferences on For further information, call 202–776–8750. foreign affairs subjects. For further information, call 202–647–1080. International Organization Affairs The Bureau of International Organization International Communications and Affairs provides guidance and support for Information Policy The Bureau of United States participation in International Communications and international organizations and Information Policy is the principal conferences. It leads in the development, adviser to the Secretary of State on coordination, and implementation of international telecommunications policy United States multilateral policy. The issues affecting U.S. foreign policy and Bureau formulates and implements national security. The Bureau acts as United States policy toward international coordinator with other U.S. Government organizations, with particular emphasis agencies and the private sector in the on those organizations which make up formulation and implementation of the United Nations system. international policies relating to a wide For further information, call 202–647–6400. range of rapidly evolving communications and information Legal Advisor The Legal Advisor technologies. The Bureau promotes U.S. advises the Secretary and, through the telecommunications interests bilaterally Secretary, the President on all matters of and multilaterally. international law arising in the conduct For further information, call 202–647–5832. of United States foreign relations. The Legal Advisor also provides general legal International Narcotics and Law advice and services to the Secretary and Enforcement Affairs The Bureau of other officials of the Department on International Narcotics and Law matters with which the Department and Enforcement Affairs is responsible for overseas posts are concerned. developing, coordinating, and Medical Services The Office of Medical implementing international narcotics Services develops, manages, and staffs a control assistance activities of the worldwide primary health care system Department of State as authorized under for U.S. citizen employees, and their sections 481 and 482 of the Foreign eligible dependents, residing abroad. Assistance Act of 1961, as amended (22 Agencies which participate in this 394 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL medical program include the and security assistance; negotiating Department of State, the U.S. reductions in global inventories of Information Agency, the U.S. Agency for weapons of mass destruction and International Development, and over 48 curbing their proliferation; maintaining other foreign affairs agencies and offices. global access for U.S. military forces; In support of its overseas operations, the inhibiting adversaries’ access to militarily Office approves and monitors the significant technologies; and promoting medical evacuation of patients, conducts responsible U.S. defense trade. pre-employment and in-service physical For further information, call 202–647–6968. examinations, and provides clinical referral and advisory services. Protocol The Chief of Protocol is the Domestically, the Office offers principal adviser to the U.S. occupational health care, as well as Government, the President, the Vice numerous health education and health President, and the Secretary of State on maintenance programs. matters of diplomatic procedure For further information, call 202–647–3617. governed by law or international custom and practice. The Office is responsible Consular Affairs The Bureau of for: Consular Affairs, under the direction of —visits of foreign chiefs of state, heads the Assistant Secretary, is responsible for of government, and other high officials the administration and enforcement of to the United States; the provisions of the immigration and —operation of the President’s guest nationality laws, insofar as they concern house, Blair House; the Department and the Foreign Service, for the issuance of passports and visas —delegations representing the and related services, and for the President at official ceremonies abroad; protection and welfare of American —conduct of official ceremonial citizens and interests abroad. functions and public events; Approximately 5 million passports a year —accreditation of over 100,000 are issued by the Passport Office of the embassy, consular, international Bureau, which has agencies in Boston, organization, and other foreign Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los government personnel and members of Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New their families throughout the United York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, States; Seattle, Stamford, and Washington, DC. —determining entitlement to For further information, see Sources of Information. diplomatic or consular immunity; Political-Military Affairs The Bureau of —publication of diplomatic, mission Political-Military Affairs provides employee, and consular lists; guidance and coordinates policy —resolution of problems arising out of formulation on national security issues, diplomatic or consular immunity such as including: nonproliferation of weapons legal and police matters; of mass destruction and missile —approving the opening of consular technology; nuclear and conventional offices in conjunction with the Office of arms control; defense relations and Foreign Missions; security assistance; and export controls. —official interpretation of the Order of It acts as the Department’s primary Precedence; liaison with the Department of Defense. —conducting an outreach program of The Bureau also participates in all major cultural enrichment and substantive arms control, nonproliferation, and other briefings of the Diplomatic Corps; and security-related negotiations. The Bureau’s major activities are —organizing credential presentations designed to further U.S. national security of newly arrived Ambassadors to the objectives by: stabilizing regional President and to the Secretary of State. military balances through negotiations For further information, call 202–647–2663. DEPARTMENT OF STATE 395 Foreign Service

To a great extent the future of our United States Diplomatic OfficesÐ country depends on the relations we Foreign Service—Continued have with other countries, and those (C: Consular Office; N: No Embassy or Consular Office) relations are conducted principally by Country/Embassy Ambassador the United States Foreign Service. Armenia/Yerevan ...... Peter Tomsen Presently, representatives at 164 Australia/Canberra ...... Genta Hawkins Holmes Embassies, 12 missions, 1 U.S. liaison Austria/Vienna ...... Swanee G. Hunt Azerbaijan/Baku ...... Richard D. Kauzlarich office, 1 U.S. interests section, 66 Bahamas/Nassau ...... Sidney Williams consulates general, 14 consulates, 3 Bahrain/Manama ...... David M. Ransom Bangladesh/Dhaka ...... David N. Merrill branch offices, and 45 consular agencies Barbados/Bridgetown ...... Jeanette W. Hyde throughout the world report to the State Belarus/Minsk ...... Kenneth S. Yalowitz Belgium/Brussels ...... Alan J. Blinken Department on the multitude of foreign Belize/Belize City ...... George C. Bruno developments that have a bearing on the Benin/Cotonou ...... John M. Yates welfare and security of the American Bolivia/La Paz ...... Curt W. Kamman Bosnia and Herzegovina/Sara- (Vacancy) people. These trained representatives jevo. provide the President and the Secretary Botswana/Gaborone ...... Robert Krueger Brazil/Brasilia ...... Melvyn Levitsky of State with much of the raw material Brunei Darussalam/Bandar Seri Glen R. Rase from which foreign policy is made and Begawan. Bulgaria/Sofia ...... Avis T. Bohlen with the recommendations that help Burkina Faso/Ouagadougou ...... Sharon P. Wilkinson shape it. Burundi/Bujumbura ...... Morris N. Hughes, Jr. The Ambassador is the personal Cambodia/Phnom Penh ...... Kenneth M. Quinn Cameroon/Yaounde ...... Charles H. Twining representative of the President and Canada/Ottawa ...... (Vacancy) reports to the President through the Cape Verde/Praia ...... Lawrence N. Benedict Central African Republic/Bangui Mosina H. Jordan Secretary of State. Ambassadors have full Chad/N'Djamena ...... David C. Halsted responsibility for implementation of U.S. Chile/Santiago ...... Gabriel Guerra- Mondragon foreign policy by any and all U.S. China, People's Republic of/ Jim Sasser Government personnel within their Beijing. Colombia/Bogota ...... Myles R.R. Frechette country of assignment, except those Comoros/Moroni (N) ...... Harold W. Geisel under military commands. Their Congo, Democratic Republic of Daniel H. Simpson responsibilities include negotiating the (formerly Zaire)/Kinshasa. Congo, Republic of/Brazzaville ... William C. Ramsay agreements between the United States Costa Rica/San Jose ...... Peter J. de Vos and the host country, explaining and Cote d'Ivoire/Abidjan ...... Lannon Walker Croatia/Zagreb ...... Peter W. Galbraith disseminating official U.S. policy, and Cuba/Havana (U.S. Interests Michael G. Kozak maintaining cordial relations with that Section). Cyprus/Nicosia ...... Kenneth C. Brill country’s government and people. Czech Republic/Prague ...... Jenonne R. Walker A listing of Foreign Service posts, Denmark/Copenhagen ...... Edward E. Elson together with addresses and telephone Djibouti, Republic of/Djibouti ...... (Vacancy) Dominica/Roseau (N) ...... Jeanette W. Hyde numbers and key personnel, appears in Dominican Republic/Santo Do- Donna J. Hrinak Key Officers of Foreign Service Posts— mingo. Ecuador/Quito ...... Leslie M. Alexander Guide for Business Representatives, Egypt/Cairo ...... Edward S. Walker which is for sale by the Superintendent El Salvador/San Salvador ...... Anne W. Patterson Equatorial Guinea/Malabo ...... Charles H. Twining of Documents, Government Printing Eritrea/Asmara ...... John F. Hicks, Sr. Office, Washington, DC 20402. Estonia/Tallinn ...... Lawrence P. Taylor Ethiopia/Addis Ababa ...... David H. Shinn United States Diplomatic OfficesÐ Fiji/Suva ...... Don L. Gevirtz Finland/Helsinki ...... Derek Shearer Foreign Service France/Paris ...... (Vacancy) (C: Consular Office; N: No Embassy or Consular Office) Gabonese Republic/Libreville ..... Elizabeth Raspolic Gambia/Banjul ...... Gerald W. Scott Country/Embassy Ambassador Georgia/Tbilisi ...... William H. Courtney Germany/Bonn ...... (Vacancy) Albania/Tirana ...... Marisa R. Lino Ghana/Accra ...... Edward Brynn Algeria/Algiers ...... Ronald E. Neumann Greece/Athens ...... Thomas M.T. Niles Angola/Luanda ...... Donald K. Steinberg Grenada/St. George (N) ...... Jeanette W. Hyde Antigua and Barbuda/St. John's Jeanette W. Hyde Guatemala/Guatemala ...... Donald J. Planty (N). Guinea/Conakry ...... Tibor P. Nagy, Jr. Argentina/Buenos Aires ...... (Vacancy) Guinea-Bissau/Bissau ...... Peggy Blackford 396 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

United States Diplomatic OfficesÐ United States Diplomatic OfficesÐ Foreign Service—Continued Foreign Service—Continued (C: Consular Office; N: No Embassy or Consular Office) (C: Consular Office; N: No Embassy or Consular Office)

Country/Embassy Ambassador Country/Embassy Ambassador

Guyana/Georgetown ...... (Vacancy) St. Kitts and Nevis (N) ...... Jeanette W. Hyde Haiti/Port-au-Prince ...... William L. Swing St. Lucia/Castries (N) ...... Jeanette W. Hyde Holy See/Vatican City ...... Raymond L. Flynn St. Vincent and the Grenadines Jeanette W. Hyde Honduras/Tegucigalpa ...... James F. Creagan (N). Hong Kong/Hong Kong (C) ...... Richard Boucher Sao Tome and Principe/Sao Elizabeth Raspolic Hungary/Budapest ...... Donald M. Blinken Tome (N). Iceland/Reykjavik ...... Day Mount Saudi Arabia/Riyadh ...... Wyche Fowler, Jr. India/New Delhi ...... Frank G. Wisner Senegal/Dakar ...... Dane Farnsworth Indonesia/Jakarta ...... J. Stapleton Roy Smith, Jr. Ireland/Dublin ...... Jean K. Smith Seychelles/Victoria ...... Harold W. Geisel Israel/Tel Aviv ...... Martin S. Indyk Sierra Leone/Freetown ...... John L. Hirsch Italy/Rome ...... Reginald Bartholomew Singapore/Singapore ...... Timothy A. Chorba Jamaica/Kingston ...... Jerome G. Cooper Slovak Republic/Bratislava ...... Ralph R. Johnson Japan/Tokyo ...... (Vacancy) Slovenia/Ljubljana ...... Victor Jackovich Jerusalem ...... Edward G. Abington Jordan/Amman ...... Wesley W. Egan Solomon Islands/Honiara ...... Arma Jane Karaer Kazakstan/Almaty ...... A. Elizabeth Jones South Africa/Pretoria ...... James A. Joseph Kenya/Nairobi ...... Prudence Bushnell Spain/Madrid ...... Richard N. Gardner Kiribati/Tarawa (N) ...... Joan M. Plaisted Sri Lanka/Colombo ...... A. Peter Burleigh Korea/Seoul ...... (Vacancy) Sudan/Khartoum ...... Timothy M. Carney Kuwait/Kuwait ...... Ryan C. Crocker Suriname/Paramaribo ...... Dennis K. Hays Kyrgyz Republic/Bishkek ...... Eileen A. Malloy Swaziland/Mbabane ...... Alan R. McKee Laos/Vientiane ...... Wendy Chamberlin Sweden/Stockholm ...... Thomas L. Siebert Latvia/Riga ...... Larry C. Napper Switzerland/Bern ...... Madeleine M. Kunin Lebanon/Beirut ...... Richard H. Jones Syrian Arab Republic/Damascus Christopher W.S. Ross Lesotho/Maseru ...... Bismarck Myrick Tajikistan/Dushanbe ...... R. Grant Smith Liberia/Monrovia ...... William B. Milam Tanzania/Dar es Salaam ...... Brady Anderson Lithuania/Vilnius ...... James W. Swihart, Jr. Thailand/Bangkok ...... William H. Itoh Luxembourg/Luxembourg ...... Clay Constantinou Togo/Lome ...... Johnny Young Madagascar/Antananarivo ...... Vicki J. Huddleston Tonga/Nuku'alofa (N) ...... Don L. Gevirtz Malawi/Lilongwe ...... Peter R. Chaveas Trinidad and Tobago/Port-of- Brian J. Donnelly Malaysia/Kuala Lumpur ...... John L. Malott Spain. Maldives/Male (N) ...... A. Peter Burleigh Tunisia/Tunis ...... Mary Ann Casey Mali/Bamako ...... David P. Rawson Turkey/Ankara ...... Marc Grossman Malta/Valletta ...... (Vacancy) Turkmenistan/Ashgabat ...... Michael W. Cotter Marshall Islands/Majuro ...... Joan M. Plaisted Tuvalu/Funafuti (N) ...... Don L. Gevirtz Mauritania/Nouakchott ...... Dorothy M. Sampas Uganda/Kampala ...... E. Michael Southwick Mauritius/Port Louis ...... Harold W. Geisel Ukraine/Kiev ...... William G. Miller Mexico/Mexico City ...... James R. Jones United Arab Emirates/Abu Dhabi David C. Litt Micronesia/Kolonia ...... (Vacancy) United Kingdom/London ...... William J. Crowe, Jr. Moldova/Chisinau ...... John T. Stewart Uruguay/Montevideo ...... Thomas J. Dodd Mongolia/Ulaanbaatar/ ...... (Vacancy) Uzbekistan/Tashkent ...... Stanley T. Escudero Morocco/Rabat ...... Marc C. Ginsberg Vanuatu/Port Vila (N) ...... Arma Jane Karaer Mozambique/Maputo ...... (Vacancy) Venezuela/Caracas ...... John F. Maisto Namibia/Windhoek ...... George F. Ward, Jr. Western Samoa/Apia ...... Josiah H. Beeman Nauru/Yaren (N) ...... Don L. Gevirtz Yemen/Sanaa ...... David G. Newton Nepal/Kathmandu ...... Sandra L. Vogelgesang Netherlands/The Hague ...... K. Terry Dornbush Zambia/Lusaka ...... Arlene Render New Zealand/Wellington ...... Josiah H. Beeman Zimbabwe/Harare ...... Johnny Carson Nicaragua/Managua ...... Lino Gutierrez Niger/Niamey ...... Charles O. Cecil United States Permanent Diplomatic Nigeria/Abuja ...... Walter C. Carrington Missions to International Organizations Norway/Oslo ...... Thomas A. Loftus Oman/Muscat ...... Frances D. Cook Organization Ambassador Pakistan/Islamabad ...... Thomas W. Simons, Jr. Panama/Panama ...... William J. Hughes European Union/Brussels ...... (Vacancy) Papua New Guinea/Port Arma Jane Karaer North Atlantic Treaty Organiza- Robert E. Hunter Moresby. tion/Brussels. Paraguay/Asuncion ...... Robert E. Service Peru/Lima ...... Dennis C. Jett Organization of American States/ Harriet C. Babbitt Philippines/Manila ...... Thomas Hubbard Washington, DC. Poland/Warsaw ...... Nicholas A. Rey Organization for Economic Co- David L. Aaron Portugal/Lisbon ...... Elizabeth F. Bagley operation and Development/ Qatar/Doha ...... Patrick N. Theros Paris. Romania/Bucharest ...... Alfred H. Moses United Nations/Geneva ...... (Vacancy) Russian Federation/Moscow ...... (Vacancy) United Nations/New York ...... Bill Richardson Rwanda/Kigali ...... Robert E. Gribbin III United Nations/Vienna ...... John B. Ritch III DEPARTMENT OF STATE 397

Sources of Information

Audiovisual Materials The Bureau of Regulations permit their use for Consular Affairs has a 12-minute incidental personal travel related to an videotape on the safety of international official assignment if the host travel. ‘‘Traveling Abroad More Safely’’ government does not object. However, if provides general practical advice to U.S. employees or their dependents prefer to citizen travelers on avoiding the hazards travel on a regular tourist passport in of foreign travel. It includes steps to take connection with official travel, they may prior to departure, ways to protect apply by paying the regular passport fees against theft and legal problems, and and claiming reimbursement on their ways U.S. embassies and consulates can travel voucher. assist U.S. citizens who encounter Inquiries on these matters should be difficulty abroad. The tape is available directed to Passport Services, Diplomatic for $9 in VHS and Beta and $12.50 in and Congressional Travel Branch. Phone, 3/4-inch format, plus a $3 mailing and 202–955–0200. handling fee from Video Transfer, Inc., Employment Inquiries about 5710 Arundel Avenue, Rockville, MD employment in the Foreign Service 20552. Phone, 301–881–0270. should be directed to: PER/REE/REC, Contracts General inquiries may be P.O. Box 9317, Arlington, VA 22210. directed to the Office of Acquisitions (A/ Phone, 703–875–7490. Inquiries about OPR/ACQ), Department of State, civil service positions in the Department Washington, DC 20520. Phone, 703– of State should be directed to: PER/CSP/ 875–6060. POD, P.O. Box 18657, Washington, DC Diplomatic and Official Passports 20036–8657. The Department’s Civil Department employees may use Service Employment Information Office diplomatic and official passports only as is located inside the D Street north lobby long as they are retained in the position entrance of the Department of State or status for which originally issued. building, Washington, DC. The Civil Section 51.4 of title 22 of the Code of Service Personnel Office provides a 24- Federal Regulations states that such hour job information line. Phone, 202– passports must be returned upon 647–7284. termination of the bearer’s diplomatic or Freedom of Information Act and Privacy official status. Act Requests Requests from the public In accordance with the Department’s for Department of State records should Foreign Affairs Manual (3 FAM 784), it is be addressed to the Director, Office of the responsibility of administrative Freedom of Information Privacy and officers to ensure that Form DS–8A Classification Review, Department of includes a record of the disposition of State, 2201 C Street NW., Washington, passports issued to separating or retiring DC 20520–1512. Phone, 202–647– employees and their dependents. This 8484. Individuals are requested to includes all diplomatic and official indicate on the outside of the envelope passports, as well as any tourist passports the statute under which they are for which the employee has been requesting access: FOIA REQUEST or reimbursed by the Department. Because of the possibility of misuse of PRIVACY REQUEST. these documents, it is important that all Any identifiable Department of State offices establish and maintain effective document can be requested under the control over passport use. These Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. passports are normally destroyed by 552). Requesters should provide as much Passport Services; however, they may be identifying information as possible about canceled and returned as mementos if the document to assist the Department in requested. locating it. Include subject matter, Diplomatic passports may not be used timeframe, originator of the information, by employees for strictly personal travel. or any other helpful data. 398 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Only persons who are U.S. citizens or Missing Persons, Emergencies, Deaths of aliens who are lawfully admitted to the Americans Abroad For information United States for permanent residence concerning missing persons, can request information under the emergencies, travel warnings, overseas Privacy Act (5 U.S.C. 552a). Under this voting, judicial assistance, and arrests or act, individuals may request access to deaths of Americans abroad, contact the records that are maintained under the Office of American Citizen Services, individual’s name or some other Department of State. Phone, 202–647– personally identifiable symbol. 5225. Correspondence should be Descriptions of record systems from directed to: Overseas Citizens Services, which documents can be retrieved by Bureau of Consular Affairs, Department the individual’s name are published in of State, Washington, DC 20520. the Federal Register, copies of which are available from the Director, Office of Inquiries regarding international Freedom of Information, Privacy and parental child abduction or adoption of Classification Review. To expedite foreign children by private U.S. citizens processing of requests, individuals should be directed to the Office of should specify the system of records they Children’s Issues, Overseas Citizens wish to have searched and should Services, Bureau of Consular Affairs, provide the following identifying Department of State, Washington, DC information: full name; aliases (if any); 20520. Phone, 202–647–2688. date and place of birth; and circumstances, including approximate Passports For information concerning time period, which would have led to the issuance of U.S. passports, contact the creation of the record. Passport Services, Bureau of Consular A public reading room, where Affairs, 1111 19th Street NW., unclassified and declassified documents Washington, DC 20522–1705 (phone, may be inspected, is located in the 202–647–0518), or any of the field Department of State, 2201 C Street NW., offices. Additional information Washington, DC. Phone, 202–647–8484. concerning passport applications is Directions to the reading room may be available for sale by the Superintendent obtained from receptionists at public of Documents, Government Printing entrances to the Department. Office, Washington, DC 20402. Field OfficesÐPassport Office

City Address Telephone

Boston, MA ...... Thomas P. O'Neill Federal Bldg., 02222 ...... 617±565±6998 Chicago, IL ...... Federal Bldg., 60604 ...... 312±353±7155 Honolulu, HI ...... Federal Bldg., 96850 ...... 808±541±1919 Houston, TX ...... 1919 Smith St., 77002 ...... 713±653±3153 Los Angeles, CA ...... 11000 Wilshire Blvd., 90024±3615 ...... 310±575±7070 Miami, FL ...... Federal Office Bldg., 33130 ...... 305±536±4681 New Orleans, LA ...... 701 Loyola Ave., 70113 ...... 504±589±6728 New York, NY ...... Rockefeller Ctr., 10111±0031 ...... 212±399±5290 Philadelphia, PA ...... Federal Bldg., 19106 ...... 215±597±7480 San Francisco, CA ...... 525 Market St., 94105±2773 ...... 415±744±4010 Seattle, WA ...... Federal Bldg., 98174 ...... 206±220±7777 Stamford, CT ...... 1 Landmark Sq., 06901 ...... 203±325±4401 Washington, DC ...... 1425 K St. NW., 20522±1705 ...... 202±647±0518

Publications The Department’s Bureau The series Foreign Relations of the of Public Affairs produces a variety of United States, published since 1861 in publications on the Department and over 300 volumes, constitutes the official foreign policy, including two official documentary record of U.S. foreign documentary series, Foreign Relations of policy. It is the most extensive and most the United States and American Foreign near-current publication of diplomatic Policy: Current Documents, and two papers in the world. The Office of the publications on U.S. foreign policy, Historian has completed the 75 print Dispatch and Background Notes. volumes and microfiche supplements DEPARTMENT OF STATE 399 documenting the foreign policy of the Telephone Directory The Department’s Eisenhower administration (1953–1960). telephone directory is available for sale Publication of 32 print volumes and by the Superintendent of Documents, supplements on the foreign policy of the Government Printing Office, Kennedy administration (1961–1963) Washington, DC 20402. was completed in 1996. Tips for U.S. Travelers Abroad The The American Foreign Policy annual following pamphlets from the Bureau of volumes contain current official public Consular Affairs are for sale for $1 by expressions of policy that best convey the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. the objectives of U.S. foreign policy. The Government Printing Office, series includes texts of major official Washington, DC 20402: messages, addresses, statements, reports, Travel Tips for Older Americans and communications by the White contains basic information on passports, House, Department of State, and other currency, health, aid for serious Federal agencies involved in the foreign problems, and other useful travel tips for affairs process. Microfiche supplements, senior citizens. which include additional public Your Trip Abroad contains basic documents, accompany the 1981 and information on passports, vaccinations, subsequent annual volumes. unusual travel requirements, dual The Department’s weekly magazine, nationality, drugs, modes of travel, Dispatch, offers a diverse compilation of customs, legal requirements, and many speeches, congressional testimony, other topics for the American tourist, policy statements, fact sheets, and other business representative, or student foreign policy information. traveling overseas. Background Notes provide brief, A Safe Trip Abroad contains helpful precautions to minimize one’s chances factual summaries concerning the of becoming a victim of terrorism and people, history, government, economy, also provides other safety tips. and foreign relations of about 180 Tips for Americans Residing Abroad countries (excluding the United States) contains advice for more than 2 million and of selected international Americans living in foreign countries. organizations. A free index is available. Travel Warning on Drugs Abroad Dispatches, Background Notes, and contains important facts on the potential other materials—including reports to dangers of being arrested for illegal Congress—are carried over the drugs abroad and the type of assistance Government Printing Office’s (GPO) that U.S. consular officers can and Federal Bulletin Board Service. This cannot provide. This booklet is free from information can also be accessed the Department of State, Consular through the Department of Commerce’s Affairs/Public Affairs Staff, Room 5807, National Technical Information Service’s Washington, DC 20520. FedWorld network, as well as through The Bureau of Consular Affairs also other data base services. A GPO deposit publishes a series of brochures on travel account may be opened by calling 202– to specific areas of the world. 512–0822. Depending on the region, the brochures For information on these and other cover topics such as currency and Department publications, write to Public customs regulations, entry requirements, Information, Bureau of Public Affairs, dual nationality, and restrictions on the Department of State, Room 5831, use of photography. Copies are available Washington, DC 20520. Phone, 202– from the Government Printing Office for 647–6575. $1. Currently available are: Tips for Reading Room To review declassified Travelers to the Caribbean; Tips for Department documents, contact the Travelers to Eastern Europe; Tips for receptionists at the public entrance to Travelers to Mexico; Tips for Travelers to the Department of State, 2201 C Street the Middle East and North Africa; Tips NW., Washington, DC, for the specific for Travelers to the People’s Republic of location. Phone, 202–647–8484. China; Tips for Travelers to South Asia; 400 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Tips for Travelers to Central and South from the Consumer Information Center, America; and Tips for Travelers to Sub- Pueblo, CO 81009. Saharan Africa. Visas To obtain information on visas Foreign Entry Requirements contains for foreigners wishing to enter the United visa and other entry requirements of States, call 202–663–1225. foreign countries. Order for 50 cents

For further information concerning the Department of State, contact the Office of Public Communication, Public Information Service, Bureau of Public Affairs, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520. Phone, 202–647–6575. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–366–4000

SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION RODNEY E. SLATER Chief of Staff (VACANCY) Deputy Chief of Staff JACQUELINE LOWEY White House Liaison FRANCES T. GREENBERG Special Assistant to the Secretary JEFFREY P. MORALES Deputy Secretary MORTIMER L. DOWNEY Director of Drug and Alcohol Policy and MARY BERNSTEIN Compliance Associate Deputy Secretary and Director, MICHAEL P. HUERTA Office of Intermodalism Deputy Director RICHARD M. BITER Director, Executive Secretariat JEANNE SMITH, Acting Chairman, Board of Contract Appeals THADDEUS V. WARE Director of Civil Rights (VACANCY) Director of Small and Disadvantaged Business LUZ A. HOPEWELL Utilization Director of Intelligence and Security REAR ADM. PAUL J. PLUTA, USCG Chief Information Officer MICHAEL P. HUERTA, Acting Inspector General JOYCE N. FLEISCHMAN, Acting Associate Deputy Inspector General RAYMOND J. DECARLI Senior Counsel to the Inspector General ROGER P. WILLIAMS Assistant Inspector General for Auditing LAWRENCE H. WEINTROB Deputy Assistant Inspector General for (VACANCY) Auditing Assistant Inspector General for Evaluations WILBUR L. DANIELS Deputy Assistant Inspector General for DARREN L. MURPHY Evaluations Assistant Inspector General for Investigations TODD J. ZINSER Deputy Assistant Inspector General for DONALD L. WISEMAN Investigations Director of Administration PATRICIA J. THOMPSON General Counsel NANCY E. MCFADDEN Deputy General Counsel ROSALIND A. KNAPP Special Counsels DIANE R. LIFF, STEVEN R. OKUN Assistant General Counsel for Environmental, ROBERTA D. GABEL Civil Rights, and General Law Deputy Assistants JAMES R. DANN, DAVID K. TOCHEN Patent Counsel OTTO M. WILDENSTEINER Chief, Freedom of Information Act Division DOROTHY A. CHAMBERS Assistant General Counsel for International DONALD H. HORN Law Deputy Assistant JOSEPH A. BROOKS Assistant General Counsel for Litigation PAUL M. GEIER Deputy Assistant DALE C. ANDREWS Assistant General Counsel for Legislation THOMAS W. HERLIHY 401 402 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Deputy Assistant CLARE R. DONELAN Assistant General Counsel for Regulation NEIL R. EISNER and Enforcement Deputy Assistant ROBERT C. ASHBY Chairman, Board for Correction of Military ROBERT H. JOOST Records Deputy Chairman DOROTHY J. ULMER Assistant General Counsel for Aviation SAMUEL PODBERESKY Enforcement and Proceedings Deputy Assistant DAYTON LEHMAN, JR. Assistant Director for Aviation Consumer HOYTE B. DECKER, JR. Protection Assistant Secretary for Transportation Policy FRANK E. KRUESI Deputy Assistant Secretaries JOSEPH F. CANNY, JOHN N. LIEBER Director of Environment, Energy, and Safety DONALD R. TRILLING Director of Economics (VACANCY) Assistant Secretary for Aviation and CHARLES A. HUNNICUTT International Affairs Deputy Assistant Secretaries PATRICK V. MURPHY, JR. MARK L. GERCHICK Director of International Transportation and BERNARD GAILLARD Trade Director of International Aviation PAUL GRETCH Director of Aviation Analysis JOHN COLEMAN Director of Aviation and International JAMES CRAUN Economics Assistant Secretary for Budget and Programs LOUISE FRANKEL STOLL and Chief Financial Officer Deputy Assistant Secretary PETER J. BASSO Deputy Chief Financial Officer DAVID K. KLEINBERG Director of Budget and Program BEVERLY PHETO Performance Director of Financial Management EILEEN T. POWELL Assistant Secretary for Administration MELISSA J. SPILLENKOTHEN Director of Human Resource Management GLENDA M. TATE Director of Security and Administrative LEE A. PRIVETT, Acting Management Director of Acquisition and Grant DAVID J. LITMAN Management Director of Hearings ROY J. MAURER Assistant Secretary for Governmental Affairs STEVEN O. PALMER Deputy Assistant Secretary JOHN C. HORSLEY Director of Congressional Affairs PETER G. HALPIN Director of Intergovernmental Affairs BARBARA M. LEACH Assistant to the Secretary and Director of STEVEN J. AKEY Public Affairs Deputy Director of Public Affairs WILLIAM H. SCHULZ Director, Transportation Administrative Service GEORGE C. FIELDS Center Principal, Customer Service PATRICIA PARRISH Principal, Business Support ED HANSEN, Acting Principal, Worklife Wellness LINDA RHOADS Principal, Headquarters Building JANET KRAUS Management Principal, Learning and Development FREDERICA BURNETT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 403

Principal, Space Management EUGENE SPRUILL, Acting Principal, Security Operations JEFF JOHNS Principal, Information Services PATRICIA PROSPERI Principal, Systems Development RICHARD CHAPMAN, Acting Principal, Information Technology RICHARD CHAPMAN Operations Principal, Acquisition Services RICHARD LIEBER Principal, Human Resource Services TERRY SMITH UNITED STATES COAST GUARD 2100 Second Street SE., Washington, DC 20593–0001 Phone, 202–267–2229

Commandant ADM. ROBERT E. KRAMEK, USCG Vice Commandant VICE ADM. RICHARD D. HERR, USCG Chaplain CAPT. SKIP E. BLANCETT, USCG International Affairs Director/Foreign Policy GERARD P. YOEST Adviser Chief Administrative Law Judge JOSEPH N. INGOLIA Chairman, Marine Safety Council REAR ADM. PAUL M. BLANEY, USCG Chief, Congressional Affairs Staff CAPT. JEFFREY J. HATHAWAY, USCG Chief, Public Affairs Staff CAPT. WARREN G. SCHNEEWEIS, USCG Chief of Staff VICE ADM. JAMES M. LOY, USCG Deputy Chief of Staff CAPT. DAVID BELZ, USCG Director of Resources REAR ADM. THAD W. ALLEN, USCG Director of Finance and Procurement WILLIAM H. CAMPBELL Assistant Commandant for Acquisition REAR ADM. PAUL E. BUSICK, USCG Assistant Commandant for Systems REAR ADM. JOHN T. TOZZI, USCG Chief, Office of Civil Rights WALTER R. SOMERVILLE Medical Adviser to the Commandant and REAR ADM. JOYCE M. JOHNSON, Director of Health and Safety USPHS Chief Counsel REAR ADM. PAUL M. BLANEY, USCG Assistant Commandant for Marine Safety REAR ADM. ROBERT C. NORTH, USCG Assistant Commandant for Operations REAR ADM. ERNEST R. RIUTTA, USCG Assistant Commandant for Human Resources REAR ADM. GERALD F. WOOLEVER, USCG Director of Personnel Management REAR ADM. GORDON G. PICHE, USCG Director of Reserve and Training REAR ADM. THOMAS J. BARRETT, USCG Director of Information and Technology REAR ADM. GEORGE N. NACCARA, USCG

FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION 800 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591 Phone, 202–366–4000

Administrator BARRY L. VALENTINE, Acting Deputy Administrator MONTE R. BELGER, Acting 404 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Associate Administrator for Airports SUSAN L. KURLAND Deputy Associate Administrator for Airports QUENTIN S. TAYLOR Director of Airport Planning and PAUL L. GALIS Programming Director of Airport Safety and Standards DAVID L. BENNETT Chief Counsel NICHOLAS GARAUFIS Associate Administrator for Civil Aviation CATHAL L. FLYNN Security Director of Civil Aviation Security PATRICK MCDONNELL Intelligence Director of Civil Aviation Security BRUCE R. BUTTERWORTH Operations Director of Civil Aviation Security Policy ANTHONY FAINBERG and Planning Assistant Administrator for Civil Rights FANNY RIVERA Associate Administrator for Commercial Space PATTI GRACE SMITH, Acting Transportation Assistant Administrator for Government and BRADLEY MIMS Industry Affairs Assistant Administrator for Policy, Planning, BARRY L. VALENTINE and International Aviation Deputy Assistant Administrator for Policy LOUISE E. MAILLETT Planning and International Aviation Director of Aviation Policy and Plans JOHN M. RODGERS Director of Environment and Energy JAMES B. ERICKSON Director of International Aviation JOAN W. BAUERLEIN Assistant Administrator for Public Affairs ELIOT BRENNER Assistant Administrator for System Safety CHRISTOPHER A. HART Associate Administrator for Administration EDWIN A. VERBURG Deputy Associate Administrator for RUTH A. LEVERENZ, Acting Administration Director of Financial Services JOEL C. TAUB, Acting Director of Business Information LAWRENCE COVINGTON Director of Human Resource Management KAY FRANCES DOLAN Associate Administrator for Regulation and GUY S. GARDNER Certification Deputy Associate Administrator for PEGGY M. GILLIGAN Regulation and Certification Federal Air Surgeon JON L. JORDAN, M.D. Director of Accident Investigation DAVID F. THOMAS Director, Aircraft Certification Service THOMAS E. MCSWEENEY Director, Flight Standards Service THOMAS C. ACCARDI Director of Rulemaking JOSEPH A. HAWKINS Associate Administrator for Air Traffic Services MONTE R. BELGER Deputy Associate Administrator for Air DARLENE M. FREEMAN Traffic Services Director, Air Traffic Service RONALD E. MORGAN Director, Air Traffic System Requirements NEIL R. PLANZER Service Director, Airway Facilities Service STANLEY RIVERS Director of System Capacity and CARL SCHELLENBERG Requirements Director of Independent Operational Test A. MARTIN PHILLIPS and Evaluation DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 405

Associate Administrator for Research and GEORGE L. DONOHUE Acquisitions Deputy Associate Administrator for Research DENNIS DEGAETANO and Acquisitions Director of Acquisitions GILBERT B. DEVEY Director of Air Traffic Systems Development EDWARD E. SEYMOUR Director of Aviation Research ANDRES ZELLWEGER Director of Communication, Navigation, and LONI CZEKALSKI Surveillance Systems Director of System Architecture and STEVEN ZAIDMAN Investment Analysis Director of Information Technology THERON A. GRAY

FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–366–0660

Administrator JANE F. GARVEY, Acting Deputy Administrator JANE F. GARVEY Executive Director ANTHONY R. KANE Chief Counsel JERRY L. MALONE Deputy Chief Counsel EDWARD V.A. KUSSY Director of External Communications (VACANCY) Director of Civil Rights EDWARD W. MORRIS, JR. Director of Program Quality Coordination FRED J. HEMPEL Director of Intelligent Transportation Systems CHRISTINE M. JOHNSON Joint Program Office Associate Administrator for Policy GLORIA J. JEFF Director of Policy Development MADELEINE S. BLOOM Director of Highway Information GARY E. MARING Management Director of International Programs KING W. GEE Associate Administrator for Research and ROBERT J. BETSOLD Development Director of Engineering, Research, and CHARLES J. NEMMERS Development Director of Safety and Traffic Operations A. GEORGE OSTENSEN Research and Development Director of Research and Development ROBERT J. KREKLAU Operations and Support Associate Administrator for Program THOMAS J. PTAK Development Director of Engineering GERALD L. ELLER Director of Environment and Planning KEVIN E. HEANUE Director of Real Estate Services BARBARA K. ORSKI Associate Administrator for Safety and System DENNIS C. JUDYCKI Applications Director of Highway Safety MICHAEL F. TRENTACOSTE Director of Traffic Management and SUSAN B. LAUFFER Intelligent Transportation Systems Applications Director of Technology Applications JOSEPH S. TOOLE Director of the National Highway Institute MOGES AYELE Associate Administrator for Motor Carriers GEORGE L. REAGLE 406 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director of Motor Carrier Research and PAUL L. BRENNAN Standards Director of Motor Carrier Information JOHN F. GRIMM Analysis Director of Motor Carrier Planning and JILL L. HOCHMAN Customer Liaison Director of Motor Carrier Field Operations CLINTON O. MAGBY Director of Motor Carrier Safety and ROSE MCMURRAY Technology Associate Administrator for Administration GEORGE S. MOORE, JR. Deputy Associate Administrator for DIANA L. ZEIDEL Administration Director of Personnel and Training JERRY A. HAWKINS Director of Information and Management MICHAEL J. VECCHIETTI Services Director of Budget and Finance FREDERICK G. WRIGHT Director of Acquisition Management DIANA L. ZEIDEL Federal Lands Highway Program Administrator THOMAS O. EDICK

FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–366–4000

Administrator JOLENE M. MOLITORIS Deputy Administrator DONALD M. ITZKOFF Chief of Staff ROBERT C. LAND Director, Office of Civil Rights MILES S. WASHINGTON, JR. Director, Office of Public Affairs DAVID BOLGER Chief Counsel S. MARK LINDSEY Deputy Chief Counsel MICHAEL T. HALEY Assistant Chief Counsel, General Law ROBERT S. VERMUT Division Assistant Chief Counsel, Safety Law Division DANIEL C. SMITH Associate Administrator for Administration and RAY ROGERS Finance Director, Office of Human Resources (VACANCY) Director, Office of Information Technology MARIE S. SAVOY and Support Systems Director, Office of Acquisition and Grants ELAINE C. DUKE Services Director, Office of Financial Services GERALD SCHOENAUER Director, Office of Budget KATHRYN B. MURPHY Associate Administrator for Policy and Program (VACANCY) Development Deputy Associate Administrator for Industry JANE H. BACHNER and Intermodal Policy Deputy Associate Administrator for Policy RAPHAEL KEDAR Systems Associate Administrator for Safety BRUCE FINE Deputy Associate Administrators for Safety, GRADY C. COTHEN Standards and Program Development Deputy Associate Administrator for Safety (VACANCY) Compliance and Program Implementation DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 407

Director, Office of Safety Assurance and EDWARD R. ENGLISH Compliance Director, Office of Safety Analysis JOHN G. LEEDS Associate Administrator for Railroad JAMES T. MCQUEEN Development Deputy Associate Administrator for Railroad ARRIGO MONGINI Development Director, Office of Passenger and Freight ARRIGO MONGINI, Acting Services Director, Northeast Corridor Program MICHAEL SAUNDERS Director, Office of Research and STEVEN R. DITMEYER Development DOT Contact, Transportation Test Center, GUNARS SPONS Pueblo, CO

NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–366–9550

Administrator RICARDO MARTINEZ, M.D. Deputy Administrator PHILIP R. RECHT Executive Director DONALD C. BISCHOFF Director, Executive Correspondence LINDA DIVELBISS Chief Counsel JOHN WOMACK, Acting Director, Office of Civil Rights GEORGE B. QUICK Director, Office of Public and Consumer (VACANCY) Affairs Director, Office of International Harmonization FRANK TURPIN Director, Office of Intergovernmental Affairs (VACANCY) Associate Administrator for Plans and Policy WILLIAM H. WALSH, JR. Director, Office of Strategic and Program (VACANCY) Planning Director, Office of Regulatory Analysis and (VACANCY) Evaluation Director, Office of Fiscal Services RICHARD ROUGH Associate Administrator for Safety Performance L. ROBERT SHELTON Standards Director, Office of Crashworthiness JAMES HACKNEY Standards Director, Office of Crash Avoidance STEVEN R. KRATZKE, Acting Standards Director, Office of Planning and Consumer NOBLE N. BOWIE Programs Associate Administrator for Research and RALPH J. HITCHCOCK, Acting Development Director, Office of Crash Avoidance JOSEPH N. KANIANTHRA Research Director, Office of Crashworthiness Research RALPH J. HITCHCOCK Director, Vehicle Research and Test Center MICHAEL MONK Director, National Center for Statistics and PATRICIA P. BRESLIN Analysis Associate Administrator for Safety Assurance KENNETH WEINSTEIN, Acting Director, Office of Defects Investigation KATHLEEN DEMETER Director, Office of Vehicle Safety MARILYNNE E. JACOBS Compliance 408 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Associate Administrator for Traffic Safety JAMES HEDLUND Programs Director, Office of Communications and SUSAN G. MCLAUGHLIN Outreach Director, Office of Research and Traffic JAMES NICHOLS Records Director, Office of Traffic Injury Controls MARILENA AMONI Program Associate Administrator for State and ADELE DERBY Community Services Chief, Program Implementation Staff RITA WEISS Chief, Program Support Staff MARLENE MARKINSON Associate Administrator for Administration HERMAN L. SIMMS Director, Office of Human Resources PAMELA K. WISE Director, Office of Contracts and LINDA BOOR Procurement Director, Office of Information Resource JOSEPH CASSELL Management

FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–366–4043

Administrator GORDON J. LINTON Deputy Administrator HIRAM WALKER, Acting Chief Counsel PATRICK W. REILLY Director, Office of Civil Rights ARTHUR A. LOPEZ Director, Office of Public Affairs BRUCE C. FRAME Associate Administrator for Budget and Policy JOHN W. SPENCER, Acting Associate Administrator for Program JANET L. SAHAJ, Acting Management Associate Administrator for Research, EDWARD L. THOMAS Demonstration, and Innovation Associate Administrator for Administration DORRIE Y. ALDRICH

MARITIME ADMINISTRATION 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–366–5807

Administrator ALBERT J. HERBERGER Deputy Administrator (VACANCY) Deputy Administrator for Inland Waterways JOHN E. GRAYKOWSKI and Great Lakes Director of Congressional and Public Affairs SHARON K. BROOKS Chief Counsel JOAN M. BONDAREFF Deputy Chief Counsel ROBERT J. PATTON, JR. Secretary, Maritime Administration/Maritime JOEL C. RICHARD Subsidy Board Coordinator of Research and Development PAUL B. MENTZ Director, Office of Maritime Labor, Training, TAYLOR E. JONES II and Safety Associate Administrator for Administration JOHN L. MANN, JR. Director, Office of Management Services RALPH W. FERGUSON Director, Office of Budget THOMAS R. BRUNEEL DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 409

Director, Office of Accounting JOHN G. HOBAN Director, Office of Information Resources RALPH W. FERGUSON, Acting Management Director, Office of Personnel SHERRY D. GILSON Director, Office of Acquisition TIMOTHY P. ROARK Associate Administrator for Policy and BRUCE J. CARLTON International Trade Director, Office of Policy and Plans ELLEN L. HEUP Director, Office of International Activities JAMES A. TREICHEL Director, Office of Statistical and Economic WILLIAM B. EBERSOLD Analysis Associate Administrator for Ship Financial JAMES J. ZOK Assistance and Cargo Preference Director, Office of Ship Financing MITCHELL D. LAX Director, Office of Costs and Rates MICHAEL P. FERRIS Director, Office of Subsidy and Insurance EDMOND J. FITZGERALD Director, Office of Financial Approvals RICHARD J. MCDONNELL Director, Office of Cargo Preference THOMAS W. HARRELSON Associate Administrator for National Security JAMES E. CAPONITI Director, Office of Ship Operations MICHAEL DELPERCIO, JR. Director, Office of National Security Plans THOMAS M.P. CHRISTENSEN Director, Office of Sealift Support RAYMOND R. BARBERESI Associate Administrator for Shipbuilding and (VACANCY) Technology Development Director, Office of Ship Construction EDWIN B. SCHIMLER Director, Office of Shipyard Revitalization JOSEPH A. BYRNE Associate Administrator for Port, Intermodal, MARGARET D. BLUM and Environmental Activities Deputy Associate Administrator for Port, CARMINE P. GERACE Intermodal, and Environmental Activities Director, Office of Intermodal Development RICHARD L. WALKER Director, Office of Environmental Activities MICHAEL C. CARTER Director, Office of Ports and Domestic JOHN M. PISANI Shipping Director, North Atlantic Region ROBERT MCKEON Director, Great Lakes Region ALPHA H. AMES, JR. Director, Central Region JOHN W. CARNES Director, South Atlantic Region MAYANK JAIN Director, Western Region FRANCIS X. JOHNSTON Superintendent, United States Merchant Marine THOMAS T. MATTESON Academy

SAINT LAWRENCE SEAWAY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION Washington Office: 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–366–0091; 800–785–2779

Administrator GAIL C. MCDONALD Deputy Administrator DAVID G. SANDERS Director of Congressional and Public Affairs GINGER VUICH Director of Marketing STEPHEN J. RYBICKI Director of Development and Logistics ROBERT J. LEWIS Chief Counsel MARC OWEN 410 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Massena Office: 180 Andrews Street, Massena, NY 13662 Phone, 315–764–3200

Associate Administrator ERMAN J. COCCI Director of Finance EDWARD MARGOSIAN Director of Engineering and Strategic STEPHEN C. HUNG Planning Director of Lock Operations CAROL A. FENTON Director of Maintenance and Marine PETER A. BASHAW Services Director of Administration MARY ANN HAZEL

RESEARCH AND SPECIAL PROGRAMS ADMINISTRATION 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–366–4433

Administrator D.K. SHARMA Deputy Administrator KELLEY S. COYNER Special Assistant PATRICIA CARROLL Chief Counsel JUDITH S. KALETA Director, Office of Civil Rights (VACANCY) Director, Office of Policy and Program Support WILLIAM E. VINCENT Director, Office of Emergency Transportation (VACANCY) Director, Volpe National Transportation RICHARD R. JOHN Systems Center Associate Administrator for Management and JERRY FRANKLIN Administration Associate Administrator for Pipeline Safety RICHARD B. FELDER Associate Administrator for Hazardous ALAN I. ROBERTS Materials Safety Associate Administrator for Research, FENTON CAREY Technology, and Analysis Director, Office of Research Policy and (VACANCY) Technology Transfer Director, Office of University Research and (VACANCY) Education Director, Transportation Safety Institute H. ALDRIDGE GILLESPIE

BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590 Phone, 202–366–DATA

Director T.R. LAKSHMANAN Deputy Director ROBERT A. KNISELY Associate Director, Transportation Studies ROLF R. SCHMITT Associate Director, Statistical Programs and PHILIP N. FULTON Services Assistant Director, Geographic Information BRUCE D. SPEAR Services Assistant Director, Information Technology ROBERT C. ZARNETSKE, Acting Center Administrative Officer LORELEI S. EVANS Director, Office of Airline Information TIMOTHY E. CARMODY Chief, Regulations Division M. CLAY MORITZ DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 411

Chief, Data Administration Division DONALD W. BRIGHT Chief, Automated Data Processing Services CHARLES K. BRADFORD Division

SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD 1925 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20423–0001 Phone, 202–565–1674

Chairman LINDA J. MORGAN Vice Chairman GUS A. OWEN Board Member (VACANCY) Staff Offices:

Director, Office of Economics, Environmental LELAND L. GARDNER Analysis, and Administration General Counsel HENRI F. RUSH Secretary VERNON A. WILLIAMS Director, Office of Compliance and MELVIN F. CLEMENS, JR. Enforcement Director, Office of Congressional and External RICHARD S. FITZSIMMONS Affairs Director, Office of Proceedings DAVID M. KONSCHNIK Director, Office of Public Services DAN G. KING [For the Department of Transportation statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 1, Subpart A]

The U.S. Department of Transportation establishes the Nation’s overall transportation policy. Under its umbrella there are 10 administrations whose jurisdictions include highway planning, development, and construction; urban mass transit; railroads; aviation; and the safety of waterways, ports, highways, and oil and gas pipelines. Decisions made by the Department in conjunction with the appropriate State and local officials strongly affect other programs such as land planning, energy conservation, scarce resource utilization, and technological change.

The Department of Transportation (DOT) Office of the Secretary of was established by act of October 15, Transportation 1966, as amended (49 U.S.C. 102 and [For the Office of the Secretary of Transportation 102 note), ‘‘to assure the coordinated, statement of organization, see the Code of Federal effective administration of the Regulations, Title 49, Part 1, Subpart B] transportation programs of the Federal Government’’ and to develop ‘‘national The Department of Transportation is transportation policies and programs administered by the Secretary of conducive to the provision of fast, safe, Transportation, who is the principal adviser to the President in all matters efficient, and convenient transportation relating to Federal transportation at the lowest cost consistent therewith.’’ programs. The Secretary is assisted in the It became operational in April 1967 and administration of the Department by a was comprised of elements transferred Deputy Secretary of Transportation, a from eight other major departments and Associate Deputy Secretary, the Assistant agencies. It presently consists of the Secretaries, a General Counsel, the Office of the Secretary and 10 operating Inspector General, and several Directors administrations whose heads report and Chairmen. Areas where public directly to the Secretary and who have purposes are widely served are detailed highly decentralized authority. on the following pages. 412 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL OFFICER STATISTICS BUREAU OF OFFICE OF THE TRANSPORTATION CHIEF INFORMATION ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE CENTER TRANSPORTATION SPECIAL PROGRAMS RESEARCH AND ADMINISTRATION AFFAIRS OFFICE OF PUBLIC GENERAL OFFICE OF INSPECTOR MARITIME ADMINISTRATION SECURITY OFFICE OF ASSISTANT INTELLIGENCE AND SECRETARY FOR ADMINISTRATION ALCOHOL POLICY AND COMPLIANCE SAINT OF INTERMODALISM SECRETARY/OFFICE ASSOCIATE DEPUTY OFFICE OF DRUG AND SEAWAY LAWRENCE CORPORATION DEVELOPMENT AND AFFAIRS BUSINESS ASSISTANT UTILIZATION TRANSIT DISADVANTAGED GOVERNMENTAL FEDERAL SECRETARY FOR OFFICE OF SMALL ADMINISTRATION SECRETARY DEPUTY SECRETARY SAFETY NATIONAL ADMINISTRATION OFFICER HIGHWAY TRAFFIC ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR BUDGET CHIEF FINANCIAL AND PROGRAMS/ APPEALS BOARD OF CONTRACT FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AFFAIRS ASSISTANT AVIATION AND INTERNATIONAL SECRETARY FOR HIGHWAY FEDERAL RIGHTS ADMINISTRATION OFFICE OF CIVIL POLICY ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT GENERAL COUNSEL GUARD U.S. COAST DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 413

Aviation and International Affairs The —processing applications to terminate, Office of the Assistant Secretary for suspend, or reduce air service below the Aviation and International Affairs has defined essential level; principal responsibility for the development, review, and coordination —determining which carrier among of policy for international transportation, various applicants should be selected to and for development, coordination, and provide subsidized service; and implementation of policy relating to —continuously reviewing essential air economic regulation of the airline service definitions for each community. industry. The Office: —licenses U.S. and foreign carriers to For further information, call 202–366–4551. serve in international air transportation Civil Rights The Office of Civil Rights and conducts carrier fitness advises the Secretary on civil rights and determinations; equal opportunity matters. It assures full —develops policies to support the and affirmative implementation of civil Department in aviation and maritime rights and equal opportunity precepts multilateral and bilateral negotiations within the Department in all official with foreign governments and actions, including departmental participates on the U.S. negotiating employment practices, services rendered delegations; to the public, operation of federally —develops policies on a wide range assisted activities, and other programs of international transportation and trade and efforts involving departmental matters; assistance, participation, or endorsement. —furnishes guidance to the United It is also responsible for adjudicating States Trade Representative’s Trade appeals and other dispositions relating to Policy Committee in efforts to improve denials of disadvantaged business the U.S. balance of payments; enterprise certification by a —arranges and coordinates transportation financial assistance cooperative agreements with foreign recipient, including investigating third- governments for the exchange of state- party challenges and issuing final of-the-art scientific and technical administrative decisions. information; For further information, call 202–366–4648. —provides assistance to the Agency for International Development’s Contract Appeals The Board conducts transportation programs in developing hearings and issues final decisions in countries; appeals from contracting officer —participates on the U.S.-Saudi decisions under contracts awarded by Arabian Joint Commission for Economic the Department and its constituent Cooperation; administrations in accordance with the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (41 —processes and resolves complaints U.S.C. 601); sits as the Contract concerning unfair competitive practices Adjustment Board with plenary authority in international fares and rates; to grant extraordinary contractual relief —establishes international and intra- under Public Law 85–804 (50 U.S.C. Alaska mail rates; and 1431); and hears and decides all —determines the disposition of contractor debarment cases pursuant to requests for approval and immunization 41 CFR 12–1.604–1 (1984). Judges are from the antitrust laws of international designated as hearing officers to hear aviation agreements. cases arising as a result of suspensions The Office also administers the and debarments of participants in DOT essential air service program, which financial assistance programs and involves: perform such other adjudicatory —establishing appropriate subsidy functions assigned by the Secretary not levels for subsidized carriers; inconsistent with the duties and 414 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL responsibilities of the Board as set forth transportation solutions that move in the Contract Disputes Act of 1978. people and goods in an energy-efficient manner, provide the foundation for For further information, contact the Board of Contract Appeals, Department of Transportation, improved productivity growth, strengthen 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590. the Nation’s ability to compete in the Phone, 202–366–4305. global economy, and obtain the optimum yield from the Nation’s Drug and Alcohol Policy and transportation resources. The Office: Compliance The Office ensures that the —serves as the Department’s principal national and international drug and adviser and advocate for intermodal alcohol policies and goals of the transportation; Secretary are developed and carried out —coordinates Federal intermodal in a consistent, efficient, and effective transportation policy and initiates manner within the transportation policies to promote efficient intermodal industries. The Office provides expert transportation; advice, counsel, and recommendations —provides technical assistance to to the Secretary regarding drugs and States and metropolitan planning alcohol as it pertains to the Department organizations in large metropolitan areas of Transportation and testing within the that facilitates their collection of transportation industry. The Director of intermodal data and assists in intermodal the Office serves as the principal planning; Department liaison with the Office of —coordinates Federal research on National Drug Control Policy, the intermodal transportation in accordance Department of Health and Human with section 6009(b) of the Intermodal Services, and other executive branch Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of agencies concerning demand reduction 1991 (ISTEA), including additional activities and workplace substance abuse research needs identified by the programs. Director; —reviews State-generated intermodal For further information, contact the Office of Drug and Alcohol Policy and Compliance. Phone, 202– management systems to ensure 366–3784. continued progress towards improving and integrating modal transportation Intelligence and Security The Office systems, where appropriate; and advises the Secretary on domestic and —coordinates miscellaneous DOT international intelligence and security intermodal issues as required by ISTEA matters; coordinates the development and/or as raised by the Secretary and the and implementation of long-term modal agencies. strategic plans, information management Small and Disadvantaged Business systems, and integrated research and Utilization The Office provides policy development programs affecting the direction and Department goals for security of traveling public and of cargo; small, minority, women-owned, and serves as the focal point in the small disadvantaged business Department for intelligence and security participation in the Department’s policy; and provides oversight of procurement and Federal financial transportation security and intelligence assistance activities. It also monitors and programs. evaluates accomplishment of these goals. The Minority Business Resource For further information, contact the Office of Intelligence and Security. Phone, 202–366–6525. Center offers a Short Term Lending Program, under which lines of credit up Intermodalism The mission of the to $500,000 are available at prime Office is to help the transportation interest rates to finance accounts community achieve the connections and receivable, and a Bonding Assistance choices they would like to see in their Program which enables firms to obtain transportation systems by providing bid, performance, and payment bonds of departmental leadership and up to $1,000,000 per contract in support coordination in developing intermodal of transportation-related contracts. Other DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 415 program initiatives provide technical and transportation policy issues, and assesses educational assistance, outreach, and their economic and institutional information dissemination involving implications; partnerships with chambers of commerce —leads the Department in the and trade associations, historically black development of transportation policies colleges and universities, and Hispanic- and ensures that departmental actions serving institutions. The Center also and programs comprise a coherent and operates a National Information coordinated strategy leading to an Clearinghouse. effectively functioning integrated For further information, call 202–366–1930 or 800– national transportation system; 532–1169 (toll-free). Internet, http://www.dot.gov/ —provides departmental policy dotinfo/ost/osdbu/. leadership and coordination on safety, Transportation Policy The Office of the energy, and environmental initiatives Assistant Secretary for Transportation which affect air, surface, marine, and Policy has principal responsibility for pipeline transportation; and analysis, development, articulation, and —provides leadership on questions review of policies and plans for all involving the financing of transportation modes of transportation. The Office: infrastructure projects, and provides —develops, coordinates, and evaluates economic analyses of new transportation public policy related to the technologies. transportation industries, and maintains The Assistant Secretary chairs the DOT policy and economic oversight of Position/Navigation Executive Committee regulatory programs and legislative and serves on the Global Positioning initiatives of the Department; System Executive Board with DOD. In —reviews transportation matters addition, he represents the Department involving the public and private sectors, on the President’s Advisory Council on analyzes current and emerging Historic Preservation.

United States Coast Guard

The Coast Guard, established by act of to navigation system that includes lights, January 28, 1915 (14 U.S.C. 1), became buoys, daybeacons, fog signals, marine a component of the Department of radiobeacons, racons, and long-range Transportation on April 1, 1967, radionavigation aids. Long-range pursuant to the Department of radionavigation aids include loran-C and Transportation Act of October 15, 1966 the Global Positioning System (GPS) and (49 U.S.C. app. 1651 note). The Coast its augmentations such as Differential Guard is a branch of the Armed Forces GPS. Aids are established in or adjacent of the United States at all times and is a to waters subject to the jurisdiction of service within the Department of the United States. These aids are Transportation except when operating as intended to assist a navigator to part of the Navy in time of war or when determine a position or plot a safe the President directs. course or to warn the navigator of The predecessor of the Coast Guard, dangers or obstructions to navigation. the Revenue Marine, was established in Other functions related to navigation 1790 as a Federal maritime law aids include broadcasting marine enforcement agency. Many other major information and publishing Local Notice responsibilities have since been added. to Mariners and Light Lists. Activities Aids to Navigation The Coast Guard establishes and maintains the U.S. aids 416 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Information regarding navigational Ice Operations The Coast Guard aids is available electronically. Phone operates the Nation’s icebreaking vessels (modem), 703–313–5900. Internet, http:/ (icebreakers and ice-capable cutters), /www.navcen.uscg.mil/. supported by aircraft, for ice reconnaissance, to facilitate maritime For further information, call 202–267–0980. transportation and aid in prevention of Boating Safety The Coast Guard flooding in domestic waters. develops and directs a national boating Additionally, icebreakers support safety program aimed at making the logistics to U.S. polar installations and operation of small craft in U.S. waters also support scientific research in Arctic both pleasurable and safe. This is and Antarctic waters. accomplished by establishing uniform For further information, call 202–267–1456. safety standards for recreational boats and associated equipment; encouraging Marine Environmental Response The State efforts through a grant-in-aid and Coast Guard is responsible for enforcing liaison program; coordinating public the Federal Water Pollution Control Act education and information programs; (33 U.S.C. 1251) and various other laws administering the Coast Guard Auxiliary; relating to the protection of the marine and enforcing compliance with Federal environment. Program objectives are to laws and regulations relative to safe use ensure that public health and welfare and safety equipment requirements for and the environment are protected when small boats. spills occur. Under these laws, U.S. and foreign vessels are prohibited from using For further information, call 202–267–1077. U.S. waters unless they have insurance Bridge Administration The Coast or other guarantees that potential Guard administers the statutes regulating pollution liability for cleanup and the construction, maintenance, and damages will be met. operation of bridges and causeways Other functions include providing a across the navigable waters of the National Response Center to receive United States to provide for safe reports of oil and hazardous substance navigation through and under bridges. spills, investigating spills, initiating subsequent civil penalty actions when For further information, call 202–267–0368. warranted, encouraging and monitoring responsible party cleanups, and when Coast Guard Auxiliary The Auxiliary is necessary, coordinating federally funded a nonmilitary volunteer organization of spill response operations. The program private citizens who own small boats, also provides a National Strike Force to aircraft, or radio stations. Auxiliary assist Federal On-Scene Coordinators in members assist the Coast Guard by responding to pollution incidents. conducting boating education programs, patrolling marine regattas, participating For further information, call 202–267–0518. in search and rescue operations, and Marine Inspection The Coast Guard is conducting courtesy marine charged with formulating, administering, examinations. and enforcing various safety standards For further information, call 202–267–0982. for the design, construction, equipment, and maintenance of commercial vessels Deepwater Ports Under the provisions of the United States and offshore of the Deepwater Port Act of 1974 (33 structures on the Outer Continental U.S.C. 1501), the Coast Guard Shelf. The program includes enforcement administers a licensing and regulatory of safety standards on foreign vessels program governing the construction, subject to U.S. jurisdiction. ownership (international aspects), and Investigations are conducted of operation of deepwater ports on the high reported marine accidents, casualties, seas to transfer oil from tankers to shore. violations of law and regulations, For further information, call 202–267–0495. misconduct, negligence, and DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 417 incompetence occurring on commercial assigned to the Coast Guard in times of vessels subject to U.S. jurisdiction. national crisis. Surveillance operations and boardings For further information, call 202–267–2025. are conducted to detect violations of law and regulations. The program also Port Safety and Security This program functions to facilitate marine is administered by the Coast Guard transportation by admeasuring and Captains of the Port. The Coast Guard is administering the vessel documentation authorized to enforce rules and laws. regulations governing the safety and security of ports and anchorages, and the For further information, call 202–267–1464. movement of vessels and prevention of Marine Licensing The Coast Guard pollution in U.S. waters. Port safety and administers a system for evaluating and security functions include supervising licensing of U.S. Merchant Marine cargo transfer operations, both storage personnel. This program develops safe and stowage, conducting harbor patrols manning standards for commercial and waterfront facility inspections, vessels. The Coast Guard also maintains establishing security zones as required, oversight and approval authority for the and the control of vessel movement. numerous mariner training programs. For further information, call 202–267–0495. For further information, call 703–235–1951. Reserve Training The Coast Guard Marine Safety Council The Marine Reserve provides qualified individuals Safety Council acts as a deliberative and trained units for active duty in time body to consider proposed Coast Guard of war or national emergency and at regulations and to provide a forum for such other times as the national security the consideration of related problems. requires. In addition to its role in national defense, the Reserve augments For further information, call 202–267–1477. Maritime Law Enforcement The Coast the active service in the performance of Guard is the primary maritime law peacetime missions during domestic enforcement agency for the United emergencies and during routine and States. It enforces or assists in the peak operations. enforcement of applicable Federal laws For further information, call 202–267–1240. and treaties and other international agreements to which the United States is Search and Rescue The Coast Guard party, on, over, and under the high seas maintains a system of rescue vessels, and waters subject to the jurisdiction of aircraft, and communications facilities to the United States, and may conduct carry out its function of saving life and investigations into suspected violations property in and over the high seas and of such laws and international the navigable waters of the United agreements. The Coast Guard works with States. This function includes flood relief other Federal agencies in the and removing hazards to navigation. enforcement of such laws as they pertain For further information, call 202–267–1943. to the protection of living and nonliving resources and in the suppression of Waterways Management The Coast smuggling and illicit drug trafficking. Guard has a significant role in the safe and orderly passage of cargo, people, For further information, call 202–267–1890. and vessels on our nation’s waterways. It Military Readiness As required by law, has established Vessel Traffic Services in the Coast Guard maintains a state of six major ports to provide for the safe readiness to function as a specialized movement of vessels at all times, but service in the Navy in time of war, or as particularly during hazardous conditions, directed by the President. Coastal and restricted visibility, or bad weather. The harbor defense, including port security, program’s goal is to ensure the safe, are the most important military tasks efficient flow of commerce. The Coast 418 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Guard also regulates the installation of equipment necessary for vessel safety. For further information, call 202–267–0407. District and Field OrganizationsÐUnited States Coast Guard

Organization Address Commander Telephone

Atlantic Area 431 Crawford St., Portsmouth, VA Vice Adm. Roger T. Rufe, 757±398±6287 23704±5004 USCG Maintenance and Logistics 300 Main St. Twr., Norfolk, VA 23510 Rear Adm. Edward J. 757±628±4275 Command-Atlantic Barrett, USCG 1st District 408 Atlantic Ave., Boston, MA 02110± Rear Adm. Richard M. 617±223±8480 3350 Larrabee III, USCG 7th District Rm. 944, 909 SE. 1st Ave., Miami, FL Rear Adm. Norman T. 305±536±5654 33131±3050 Saunders, USCG 8th District 501 Magazine St., New Orleans, LA Rear Adm. Timothy W. 504±589±6298 70130±3396 Josiah, USCG 9th District 1240 E. 9th St., Cleveland, OH 44199± Rear Adm. John F. 216±522±3910 2060 McGowan, USCG Pacific Area Coast Guard Island, Alameda, CA Vice Adm. James C. Card, 510±437±3196 94501±5100 USCG Maintenance and Logistics Coast Guard Island, Alameda, CA Rear Adm. Fred L. Ames, 510±437±3939 Command-Pacific 94501±5100 USCG 13th District 915 2d Ave., Seattle, WA 98174±1067 Rear Adm. J. David 206±220±7090 Spade, USCG 14th District 9th Fl., 300 Ala Moana Blvd., Honolulu, Rear Adm. Thomas H. 808±541±2051 HI 96850±4982 Collins, USCG 17th District P.O. Box 25517, Juneau, AK 99802± Rear Adm. Terry M. Cross, 907±463±2025 1217 USCG U.S. Coast Guard Academy New London, CT 06320±4195 Rear Adm. Douglas H. 203±444±8285 Teeson, USCG National Pollution Funds Cen- Suite 1000, 4200 Wilson Blvd., Arling- Daniel F. Sheehan 703±235±4700 ter ton, VA 22203±1804 Coast Guard Personnel Com- 2100 2d St. SW., Washington, DC Capt. Thomas B. Taylor, 202±267±2321 mand 20593±0001 USCG

For further information, contact the Information Office, United States Coast Guard, Department of Transportation, 2100 Second Street SW., Washington, DC 20593. Phone, 202–267–2229. Internet, http:/ /www.uscg.mil/.

Federal Aviation Administration

The Federal Aviation Administration, operations in such airspace in the formerly the Federal Aviation Agency, interest of safety and efficiency; was established by the Federal Aviation —encouraging and developing civil Act of 1958 (49 U.S.C. 106) and became aeronautics; a component of the Department of —consolidating research and Transportation in 1967 pursuant to the development with respect to air Department of Transportation Act (49 navigation facilities; U.S.C. app. 1651 note). —installing and operating air The Administration is charged with: navigation facilities; —regulating air commerce in ways —developing and operating a that best promote its development and common system of air traffic control and safety and fulfill the requirements of navigation for both civil and military national defense; aircraft; —controlling the use of navigable —developing and implementing airspace of the United States and programs and regulations to control regulating both civil and military aircraft noise, sonic boom, and other DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 419 environmental effects of civil aviation; and mechanics; negotiating bilateral and airworthiness agreements to facilitate the —regulating U.S. commercial space import and export of aircraft and transportation. components; and providing technical assistance and training in all areas of the Activities agency’s expertise. It provides technical Air Navigation Facilities The agency is representation at international responsible for the location, construction conferences, including participation in or installation, maintenance, operation, the International Civil Aviation and quality assurance of Federal visual Organization and other international and electronic aids to air navigation. The organizations. agency operates and maintains voice/ Commercial Space Transportation The data communications equipment, radar agency regulates and promotes the U.S. facilities, computer systems, and visual commercial space transportation display equipment at flight service industry. It licenses the private sector stations, airport traffic control towers, launching of space payloads on and air route traffic control centers. expendable launch vehicles and Airport Programs The agency commercial space launch facilities. It maintains a national plan of airport also sets insurance requirements for the requirements, administers a grant protection of persons and property and program for development of public use ensures that space transportation airports to assure and improve safety and activities comply with U.S. domestic and to meet current and future airport foreign policy. capacity needs, evaluates the Registration and Recordation The environmental impacts of airport agency provides a system for the development, and administers an airport registration of aircraft and recording of noise compatibility program with the documents affecting title or interest in goal of reducing noncompatible uses the aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers, around airports. It also develops appliances, and spare parts. standards and technical guidance on airport planning, design, safety, and Research, Engineering, and operations and provides grants to assist Development The research, public agencies in airport system and engineering, and development activities master planning and airport development of the agency are directed toward and improvement. providing the systems, procedures, Airspace and Air Traffic Management facilities, and devices needed for a safe The safe and efficient utilization of the and efficient system of air navigation and navigable airspace is a primary objective air traffic control to meet the needs of of the agency. To meet this objective, it civil aviation and the air defense system. operates a network of airport traffic The agency also performs an control towers, air route traffic control aeromedical research function to apply centers, and flight service stations. It knowledge gained from its research develops air traffic rules and regulations program and the work of others to the and allocates the use of the airspace. It safety and promotion of civil aviation also provides for the security control of and the health, safety, and efficiency of air traffic to meet national defense agency employees. The agency also requirements. supports development and testing of Civil Aviation Abroad Under the improved aircraft, engines, propellers, Federal Aviation Act of 1958 and the and appliances. International Aviation Facilities Act (49 Safety Regulation The Administration U.S.C. app. 1151), the agency promotes issues and enforces rules, regulations, aviation safety and civil aviation abroad and minimum standards relating to the by exchanging aeronautical information manufacture, operation, and with foreign aviation authorities; maintenance of aircraft, as well as the certifying foreign repair stations, airmen, rating and certification (including 420 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL medical) of airmen and the certification Other Programs The agency of airports serving air carriers. administers the aviation insurance and The agency performs flight inspection aircraft loan guarantee programs. It is an of air navigation facilities in the U.S. allotting agency under the Defense and, as required, abroad. It also enforces Materials System with respect to regulations under the Hazardous priorities and allocation for civil aircraft Materials Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. and civil aviation operations. The agency app. 1801 note) applicable to shipments develops specifications for the by air. Test and Evaluation The agency preparation of aeronautical charts. It conducts tests and evaluations of publishes current information on airways specified items such as aviation systems, and airport service and issues technical subsystems, equipment, devices, publications for the improvement of materials, concepts, or procedures at any safety in flight, airport planning and phase in the cycle of their development design, and other aeronautical activities. from conception to acceptance and It serves as the executive administration implementation, as well as assigned for the operation and maintenance of the independent testing at key decision Department of Transportation automated points. payroll and personnel systems. Major Field OrganizationsÐFederal Aviation Administration

Region/Field Office Address Administrator/Director

AlaskanÐAK P.O. Box 14, 701 C St., Anchorage, AK 99513 Andrew S. Billick CentralÐIA, KS, MO, NE 601 E. 12th St., Kansas City, MO 64106 John E. Turner EasternÐDE, MD, MA, NJ, NY, PA, Federal Bldg., JFK International Airport, Jamaica, NY Arlene B. Feldman VA, WV 11430 Great LakesÐIL, IN, MI, MN, ND, 2300 E. Devon Ave., Des Plaines, IL 60018 Cecilia Hunziker OH, SD, WI New EnglandÐCT, MA, ME, NH, RI, 12 New England Executive Park, Burlington, MA 01803 Robert Bartanowicz VT Northwest MountainÐCO, ID, MT, 1601 Lind Ave. SW., Renton, WA 98055 Larry Andriesen OR, UT, WA, WY SouthernÐAL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, P.O. Box 20636, Atlanta, GA 30320 Carolyn C. Blum PR, SC, TN SouthwestÐAR, LA, NM, OK, TX Fort Worth, TX 76193±0001 Clyde M. DeHart Western-PacificÐAZ, CA, HI, NV P.O. Box 92007, Los Angeles, CA 90009 William C. Withycombe Europe, Africa, and Middle East 15, Rue de la Loi B±1040, Brussels, Belgium Patrick N. Poe Asia-Pacific U.S. Embassy, FAA, Singapore Eugene Ross Hamory Latin America-Caribbean Miami International Airport, Miami FL Joaquin Archilla William J. Hughes Technical Center Atlantic City, NJ 08405 Anne Harlan Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125 Lindy Ritz

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Federal Aviation Administration, Department of Transportation, 800 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591. Phone, 202–267–8521. Fax, 202–267–5039.

Federal Highway Administration

The Federal Highway Administration The Administration encompasses became a component of the Department highway transportation in its broadest of Transportation in 1967 pursuant to the scope, seeking to coordinate highways Department of Transportation Act (49 with other modes of transportation to U.S.C. app. 1651 note). It administers achieve the most effective balance of the highway transportation programs of transportation systems and facilities the Department of Transportation under Title 23 U.S.C., other pertinent under cohesive Federal transportation legislation, and the provisions of law policies pursuant to the act. cited in section 6(a) of the act (49 U.S.C. 104). DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 421

Activities healthful levels of air quality. Transportation improvement projects and Federal-Aid Highway Program The programs which reduce transportation- Administration manages the Federal-aid related emissions are eligible for funding highway program of financial assistance under the major categories of transit, to the States for planning, constructing, shared-ride, traffic flow improvements, and improving highways and their demand management, pedestrian/ operation. This program provides for the bicycle, inspection/maintenance, and improvement of approximately 159,000 experimental pilot projects. miles of the National Highway System A metropolitan and statewide planning (NHS), which includes the approximately program is administered jointly with the 42,795-mile Dwight D. Eisenhower Federal Transit Administration for the System of Interstate and Defense purpose of strengthening the Highways and other public roads (except transportation decision process and those classified as local or rural minor ensuring that transportation investments collectors). The Interstate System’s address other key issues in metropolitan construction and preservation is financed and State areas, including development, generally on a 90-percent Federal, 10- land use, social, economic, and percent State basis. However, projects environmental impacts. Metropolitan not on the Interstate System and most planning organizations are supported by projects on other roads are funded on an a one percent share of the funds 80-percent Federal, 20-percent State authorized for the NHS, STP, CMAQ, basis. and Interstate Maintenance and Bridge A new, more flexible assistance programs. Statewide planning, program, the Surface Transportation conducted by State departments of Program (STP), may be used by the transportation, is supported by 2 percent States and local authorities for any roads of the major highway programs. (including NHS) that are not functionally Funds are also available to State classified as local or rural minor revenue agencies for enforcement of collectors. Fifty percent of STP funds highway use taxes, and to State and must be used in metropolitan areas local governments and public authorities containing an urbanized population over for projects involving market-based 200,000. Ten percent of STP funds are approaches to congestion management. set aside for transportation enhancement Highway Safety Programs The activities, which include bicycle and Administration is responsible for several pedestrian facilities, scenic highway-related safety programs, enhancements, historic preservation, and including a State and community safety mitigation of water pollution due to program jointly administered with highway runoff. NHTSA and a highway safety The Administration is also responsible construction program to eliminate road for the Highway Bridge Replacement hazards and improve rail/highway and Rehabilitation Program to assist in crossing safety. These safety construction the inspection, analysis, and programs fund activities that remove, rehabilitation or replacement of bridges relocate, or shield roadside obstacles, on public roads. In addition, it identify and correct hazardous locations, administers an emergency relief program eliminate or reduce hazards at railroad to assist in the repair or reconstruction of grade crossings, and improve signing, Federal-aid highways and certain Federal pavement markings, and signalization. roads that have suffered serious damage Motor Carrier Programs Under the by natural disasters over a wide area or provisions of the Surface Transportation catastrophic failures. Assistance Act of 1982 (23 U.S.C. 101), The Congestion Mitigation and Air the Administration was authorized to Quality Improvement (CMAQ) program establish and maintain a National provides funding to assist nonattainment Network for trucks, review State truck and maintenance areas, as defined under size and weight enforcement programs, the Clean Air Act, to help achieve and assist in obtaining uniformity among 422 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL the States in the area of commercial and 143,000 drivers for safety regulation motor carrier registration and taxation violations. reporting. Federal Lands Highway Program The The Administration works Administration, through cooperative cooperatively with States and private agreements with Federal land managing industry to achieve uniform motor carrier agencies, administers a coordinated requirements in safety regulations, Federal lands program relating to forest inspections and fines, licensing, highways, public lands highways, park registration and taxation requirements, roads and parkways, and Indian and accident data. It provides grants to reservation roads. This program provides States for technical assistance, training, for the funding of more than 80,000 and equipment associated with miles of federally owned roads or public participation in the International authority-owned roads that are open for Registration Plan and the International public travel and serve Federal lands. In Fuel Tax Agreement. addition, the agency’s Federal Lands Under the authority of the motor Highway Office administers the Defense carrier safety provisions of title 49 of the Access Road Program, funded by the United States Code, the agency exercises Department of Defense, for State and Federal regulatory jurisdiction over the local roads providing access to military safety performance of all commercial installations. The Office and three field motor carriers engaged in interstate or divisions provide for program foreign commerce. It deals with more coordination and administration, and than 330,000 carriers and approximately conduct transportation planning, 36,000 shippers of hazardous materials. engineering studies, design, construction Reviews are conducted at the carrier’s engineering assistance, and construction facilities to determine the safety contract administration. performance of the carrier’s over-the- Research and Technology The road operations. These reviews may lead Administration coordinates varied to prosecution or other sanctions against research, development, and technology violators of the Federal motor carrier transfer activities consisting of six safety regulations or the hazardous principal programs: Intelligent materials transportation regulations. Transportation Systems, Highway The Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Research and Development, Long-Term Act of 1986 (49 U.S.C. app. 2701 note) Pavement Performance, Technology authorizes the Administration to establish Applications, Local Technical Assistance, national standards for a single and the National Highway Institute. commercial vehicle driver license for Through its National Highway Institute State issuance; a national information (NHI), the Administration develops and system clearinghouse for commercial administers, in cooperation with State driver license information; knowledge highway agencies, instructional training and skills tests for licensing commercial programs designed for public sector vehicle drivers; and disqualification of employees, private citizens, and foreign drivers for serious traffic offenses, nationals engaged in highway work of including alcohol and drug abuse. The interest to the United States. NHI is agency has responsibility for headquarters for the Pan American administering the Motor Carrier Safety Institute of Highways, which is a Assistance Program, a partnership program designed to provide training agreement between the Federal and technology transfer to Latin Government and the States, under the American countries. NHI works closely provisions of sections 401–404 of the with universities through the Dwight Surface Transportation Assistance Act of David Eisenhower Transportation 1982 (49 U.S.C. app. 2301–2304). Fellowship Program and the University In fiscal year 1995, States performed Transportation Centers Program. 1.8 million roadside inspections and International Programs The decommissioned over 400,000 vehicles Administration supports and participates DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 423 in efforts to find research and technology administers civil rights programs abroad which can be applied in the pursuant to a variety of statutes, with the United States to provide a better quality, aims of preventing discrimination in the more cost-effective highway system. It impacts of all programs and activities of manages technology transfer and training recipients and subrecipients; providing centers in Latin America, Africa, Russia, equal employment opportunities and and the Baltics, and participates in promoting diversity in public international technical organizations, employment (Federal and State committees, deliberations, and studies. transportation agencies, motor carrier Other efforts include support for export safety, and commercial driver’s license promotion and trade advocacy, technical program recipients and subrecipients) assistance programs, and cooperation on and private employment (contractors, border issues that affect the United subcontractors, material suppliers, States, Mexico, and Canada. vendors, and consultants) related to Additional Programs The agency-funded projects; providing Administration manages the highway training opportunities for minorities and construction phase of the Appalachian women in highway construction crafts; Regional Development Program and the ensuring contracting opportunities for Territorial Highway Program and socially and economically disadvantaged provides highway program support and business enterprises; and increasing technical assistance on an allocation/ opportunities for historically black transfer basis for other Federal agencies, colleges and universities, members of the as well as program and technical support Hispanic Association of Colleges and on a wide range of policy and Universities, and tribal colleges and information programs and issues. It also universities. Major Field OrganizationsÐFederal Highway Administration

Areas Served Address Administrator Telephone

CT, MA, ME, NH, NJ, NY, PR, RI, VT Rm. 719, Leo W. O'Brien Federal Bldg., Henry H. Rentz 518±431±4236 Albany, NY 12207 DC, DE, MA, PA, VA, WV Suite 4000, 10 S. Howard St., Balti- David S. Gendell 410±962±0093 more, MD 21201 AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN Suite 17T26, 100 Alabama St., Atlanta, Leon N. Larson 404±562±3570 GA 30303±3104 IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI Suite 301, 19900 Governors Hwy., Dale E. Wilken 708±283±3510 Olympia Fields, IL 60461±1021 AR, LA, NM, OK, TX Rm. 8A00, 819 Taylor St., Fort Worth, Edward A. Wueste 817±978±4393 TX 76102 IA, KS, MO, NE 6301 Rockhill Rd., Kansas City, MO Arthur E. Hamilton 816±276±2700 64141 CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY Rm. 400, 555 Zang St., Lakewood, CO Vincent F. Schimmoller 303±969±6722 80228 AZ, CA, HI, NV Suite 2100, 201 Mission St., San Fran- Julie A. Cirillo 415±744±2639 cisco, CA 94105 AK, ID, OR, WA Suite 600, 222 SW. Columbia St., Port- Leon J. Whitman, Jr. 503±326±2048 land, OR 97201

For further information, contact the Office of Information and Management Services, Federal Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–366–0534.

Federal Railroad Administration

The purpose of the Federal Railroad support of improved railroad safety and Administration is to promulgate and national rail transportation policy, enforce rail safety regulations, administer provide for the rehabilitation of railroad financial assistance programs, Northeast Corridor rail passenger service, conduct research and development in 424 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and consolidate government support of managed and staffed for the rail transportation activities. Administration by the Association of The Federal Railroad Administration American Railroads since October 1, was created pursuant to section 3(e)(1) of 1982. The United States and Canadian the Department of Transportation Act of Governments and private industry use 1966 (49 U.S.C. app. 1652). this facility to explore, under controlled conditions, the operation of both Activities conventional and advanced systems. It is Railroad Safety The Administration used by the Federal Transit administers and enforces the Federal Administration for testing of urban rapid laws and related regulations designed to transit vehicles. promote safety on railroads; exercises For further information, contact the Transportation jurisdiction over all areas of rail safety Test Center, Pueblo, CO 81001. Phone, 719–584– under the Rail Safety Act of 1970, such 0507. as track maintenance, inspection Policy Program management for new standards, equipment standards, and and revised policies, plans, and projects operating practices. It also administers related to railroad transportation and enforces regulations resulting from economics, finance, system planning, railroad safety legislation for and operations is provided; appropriate locomotives, signals, safety appliances, studies and analyses are performed; power brakes, hours of service, relevant tests, demonstrations, and transportation of explosives and other evaluations are conducted; and labor/ dangerous articles, and reporting and management programs are evaluated. investigation of railroad accidents. Analyses of issues before regulatory Railroad and related industry equipment, agencies are carried out and facilities, and records are inspected and recommendations are made to the required reports reviewed. In addition, Secretary as to the positions to be taken the administration educates the public by DOT. about safety at highway-rail grade Passenger and Freight Services The crossings and the danger of trespassing Administration administers a program of on rail property. Federal assistance for national, regional, Research and Development A ground and local rail services. Programs include transportation research and development rail freight service assistance programs; program is administered to advance all rail service continuation programs and aspects of intercity ground transportation State rail planning; and rail passenger and railroad safety pertaining to the service on a national, regional, and local physical sciences and engineering, in basis. order to improve railroad safety and The agency also administers programs ensure that railroads continue to be a to develop, implement, and administer viable national transportation resource. rail system policies, plans, and programs Transportation Test Center This 50- for the Northeast Corridor in support of square-mile facility, located near Pueblo, applicable provisions of the Railroad CO, provides testing for advanced and Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act conventional systems and techniques of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 801), the Rail designed to improve ground Passenger Service Act (45 U.S.C. 501), transportation. The facility has been and related legislation. Major Field OrganizationsÐFederal Railroad Administration

Regional Director of Region Address/Telephone Railroad Safety

NortheasternÐCT, MA, ME, NH, NJ, NY, Rm. 1077, 55 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142. Mark H. McKeon RI, VT Phone, 617±494±2302 EasternÐDC, DE, MA, OH, PA, VA, WV Suite 550, Scott Plz. II, Philadelphia, PA 19113. David R. Myers Phone, 610±521±8200 SouthernÐAL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, Suite 16T20, 61 Forsyth St. SW., Atlanta, GA 30303± L.F. Dennin II TN 3104. Phone, 404±562±3800 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 425

Major Field OrganizationsÐFederal Railroad Administration—Continued

Regional Director of Region Address/Telephone Railroad Safety

CentralÐIL, IN, MI, MN, WI Suite 655, 111 N. Canal St., Chicago, IL 60606. Laurence A. Hasvold Phone, 312±353±6203 SouthwesternÐAR, LA, NM, OK, TX Suite 425, 8701 Bedford Euless Rd., Hurst, TX John F. Megary 76053. Phone, 817±284±8142 MidwesternÐCO, IA, KS, MO, NE Suite 1130, 1100 Main St., Kansas City, MO 64105. Darrell J. Tisor Phone, 816±426±2497 WesternÐAZ, CA, NV, UT Suite 466, 801 I St., Sacramento, CA 95814. Phone, James T. Schultz 916±498±6540 NorthwesternÐAK, ID, MT, ND, OR, SD, Suite 650, 703 Broadway, Vancouver, WA 98660. Dick L. Clairmont WA, WY Phone, 360±696±7536

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Officer, Federal Railroad Administration, Department of Transportation, 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–632–3124.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

[For the National Highway Traffic Safety and economic losses resulting from Administration statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 501] motor vehicle crashes on the Nation’s highways and to provide motor vehicle The National Highway Traffic Safety damage susceptibility and ease of repair Administration (NHTSA) was established information, motor vehicle inspection by the Highway Safety Act of 1970 (23 demonstrations, and protection of U.S.C. 401 note). The Administration purchasers of motor vehicles having carries out programs relating to the altered odometers, and to provide safety performance of motor vehicles average standards for greater vehicle and related equipment, motor vehicle mileage per gallon of fuel for vehicles drivers, occupants, and pedestrians, and under 10,000 pounds (gross vehicle the Highway Safety Act of 1966, as weight). amended (23 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). Under the authority of title 49 U.S. Code, chapters 321, 323, 325, 327, 329, and Activities 331, the Administration carries out Research and Development The programs and studies aimed at reducing Administration’s broad-scale program of economic losses in motor vehicle research, development, testing, crashes and repairs through general demonstration, and evaluation of motor motor vehicle programs; administers the vehicles, motor vehicle equipment, Federal odometer law; issues theft advanced technologies, and crash data prevention standards; and promulgates collection and analysis provides a average fuel economy standards for foundation for the development of motor passenger and nonpassenger motor vehicle and highway safety program vehicles. standards. Under the authority of the Clean Air The research program covers Amendments of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 7544(2)), the Administration certifies as numerous areas affecting safety problems to the consistency of Environmental and includes provision for appropriate Protection Agency State grants with any laboratory testing facilities to obtain highway safety program developed necessary basic data. In this connection, pursuant to section 402 of title 23 of the research in both light and heavy vehicle United States Code. crashworthiness and crash avoidance is The National Highway Traffic Safety being pursued. The objectives are to Administration was established to carry encourage industry to adopt advanced out a congressional mandate to reduce motor vehicle safety designs, stimulate the mounting number of deaths, injuries, public awareness of safety potentials, 426 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and provide a base for vehicle safety —establish safeguards for the information. protection of purchasers of motor The Administration maintains a vehicles having altered or reset collection of scientific and technical odometers. information related to motor vehicle Under the Administration’s program, safety, and operates the National Center Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards for Statistics and Analysis, whose are issued that prescribe safety features activities include the development and and levels of safety-related performance maintenance of highway crash data for vehicles and items of motor vehicle collection systems and related analysis equipment. Damage susceptibility, efforts. These comprehensive motor crashworthiness, and theft prevention are vehicle safety information resources to be studied and reported to the serve as documentary reference points Congress and the public. for Federal, State, and local agencies, as The Energy Policy and Conservation well as industry, universities, and the Act, as amended (42 U.S.C. 6201 note), public. sets automotive fuel economy standards Safety Assurance The Administration for passenger cars for model years 1985 identifies and investigates problems with and thereafter. The Administration has motor vehicles and motor vehicle the option of altering the standards for equipment. If the vehicle or item of the post-1985 period. equipment contains a defect which is The Administration develops and safety related or if it does not meet all promulgates mandatory fuel economy applicable Federal motor vehicle safety standards for light trucks for each model standards, the Administration will seek a year and administers the fuel economy recall in which owners are notified and regulatory program. The Administration the vehicles or equipment are remedied establishes rules for the collection and free of charge. Recalls are monitored to reporting of information required concerning manufacturers’ technological ensure that owners are being notified in alternatives and corporate economic a timely manner and that the scope of capabilities in meeting fuel economy the recall and the remedy are adequate standards. to correct the problem. State and Community Services The Consumers can call the toll-free auto State and Community Highway Safety safety hotline at 800–424–9393 to report Grant Program provides funds to the safety-related problems. The hotline also States, Indian nations, and the Territories provides information and literature to each year to support planning to identify consumers about vehicle and child-seat and quantify highway safety problems, recalls, New Car Assessment Program provide startup money for new test results, and a variety of other programs, and give new direction to highway safety information. The Administration also investigates existing safety programs, particularly in odometer tampering and supports the following national priority program prosecutions by both the U.S. areas: occupant protection, alcohol and Department of Justice and the States. other drug countermeasures, police Safety Performance Standards The traffic services, emergency medical Administration manages motor vehicle services, traffic records, motorcycle safety programs to: safety, pedestrian and bicycle safety, —reduce the occurrence of highway speed control, and roadway safety. crashes and the severity of resulting Incentive funds encourage States to injuries; implement effective impaired-driving —improve survivability and injury programs and to encourage the use of recovery by better post-crash measures; safety belts and motorcycle helmets. —reduce the economic losses in Traffic Safety Programs The crashes; Administration leads the national traffic —provide consumer information in the safety and emergency services efforts in areas of tire grading for treadwear, order to save lives, reduce injuries, and temperature resistance, and traction; and lessen medical and other costs. In DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 427 accomplishing these tasks, it utilizes assists State driver licensing officials in behavioral research, demonstration, and determining whether or not to issue a evaluation, in addition to developing license. safety programs and strategies, for use by For information concerning the a variety of public and private agencies National Highway Traffic Safety and organizations. Administration, contact the Office of The Administration maintains a Public and Consumer Affairs, National national register of information on Highway Traffic Safety Administration, individuals whose licenses to operate a Department of Transportation, 400 motor vehicle have been revoked, Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC suspended, canceled, or denied; or who 20590. Phone, 202–366–9550. have been convicted of certain traffic- Additional information may be obtained related violations such as driving while from the Technical Reference Division, impaired by alcohol or other drugs. The Office of Administrative Operations. information obtained from the register Phone, 202–366–2768. Regional OfficesÐNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration

Region/Address Administrator

Atlanta, GA (Suite 17T30, 61 Forsyth St. SW., 30303) ...... Tom Enright Cambridge, MA (Kendall Sq., Code 903, 02142) ...... George A. Luciano Denver, CO (4th Fl., 555 Zang St., 80228) ...... Louis R. De Carolis Fort Worth, TX (819 Taylor St., 76102±6177) ...... Georgia Chakiris Hanover, MD (Suite L, 7526 Connelley Dr., 21076±1699) ...... Eugene Peterson Kansas City, MO (P.O. Box 412515, 64141) ...... Troy Ayers Olympia Fields, IL (Suite 201, 1990 Governors Dr., 60461) ...... Donald J. McNamara San Francisco, CA (201 Mission St., 94105) ...... Joseph M. Cindrich Seattle, WA 98174 (915 2d Ave.) ...... Curtis A. Winston White Plains, NY (222 Mamaroneck Ave., 10605) ...... Tom Louizou

For further information, contact the Office of Public and Consumer Affairs, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Department of Transportation, 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–366–9550.

Federal Transit Administration

[For the Federal Transit Administration statement of equipment, techniques, and methods, organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, with the cooperation of mass Title 49, Part 601] transportation companies both public The Federal Transit Administration was and private; established as a component of the —to encourage the planning and Department of Transportation by section establishment of areawide urban mass 3 of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1968 transportation systems needed for (5 U.S.C. app.), effective July 1, 1968. economical and desirable urban The Administration (formerly the Urban development, with the cooperation of Mass Transportation Administration) mass transportation companies both previously operated under authority of public and private; the Federal Transit Act, as amended (49 —to provide assistance to State and U.S.C. app. 1601 et seq.). The Federal local governments and their Transit Act was repealed on July 5, instrumentalities in financing such 1994, and the Federal transit laws were systems, to be operated by public or codified and re-enacted as chapter 53 of private mass transportation companies as title 49, United States Code. determined by local needs; and The missions of the Administration —to provide financial assistance to are: State and local governments to help —to assist in the development of implement national goals relating to improved mass transportation facilities, mobility for elderly persons, persons 428 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL with disabilities, and economically services provide fellowships for training disadvantaged persons. in public or private training institutions for personnel employed in managerial, Programs technical, and professional positions in Capital Program The section 5309 the public transportation field. Assistance grants are authorized to assist in is provided on a 50–50 funding match financing the acquisition, construction, basis for training and educational reconstruction, and improvement of expenses which may include tuition, facilities and equipment for use—by fees, books, or other training materials, operation, lease, or otherwise—in mass excluding any equipment items. transportation service in urban areas. For further information, call 202–366–4052. Only public agencies are eligible as applicants. Private transit operators may Nonurbanized Area Formula Program be assisted under the program through The section 5311 program provides arrangements with an eligible public capital and operating assistance for body. public transportation in nonurbanized The Federal grant is 80 percent of the areas (under 50,000 population). Funds net project cost. If the project is in an are allocated by formula to the Governor urbanized area, it must be part of a and the program is administered at the program for a unified or officially State level by the designated coordinated urban transportation system transportation agency. Eligible activities as a part of the comprehensive planned are operating assistance, planning, development of the area. administrative and program development Annual funding is allocated in three activities, coordination of public categories: 40-percent funding for fixed transportation programs, vehicle guideway modernization in which funds acquisition, and other capital are apportioned by a statutory formula; investments in support of general or 40-percent funding for construction of special transit services, including new, fixed guideway systems and their services provided for the elderly and extensions; and 20-percent funding for handicapped and other transit-dependent replacement, rehabilitation, and persons. A fixed percentage of a State’s purchase of buses and related equipment annual apportionment must be spent to and the construction of bus-related carry out a program for the development facilities. and support of rural and intercity Elderly and Persons With Disabilities transportation, unless the State Governor Program The section 5310 Program certifies that such needs are adequately provides financial assistance in meeting met. A Rural Transit Assistance Program the transportation needs of elderly authorized under section 18(h) provides persons and persons with disabilities funding for training and technical where services provided by public assistance for transit operators in operators are unavailable, insufficient, or nonurbanized areas. Capital assistance is inappropriate; to public bodies approved funded up to an 80-percent Federal by the State to coordinate services for share and operating assistance is funded elderly persons or persons with with up to a 50-percent Federal share. disabilities; or to public bodies which Rural The Rural Transportation certify to the Governor that no nonprofit Assistance Program provides assistance corporation or association is readily for transit research, technical assistance, available in an area to provide the training, and related support activities in service. Funds are allocated by formula non-urbanized areas (less than 50,000 to the States; local organizations apply population). A portion of this is used at for funding through a designated State the national level for development of agency. training materials, development and Managerial Training Program Grants to maintenance of a national clearing governmental bodies and agencies and house on rural activities, and technical operators of public transportation assistance through peer practitioners to DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 429 promote exemplary techniques and opportunities for improving performance practices. through upgrading of skills for For further information, call 202–366–4052. nonmanagerial personnel; —identifying, evaluating, and Safety The Federal Transit documenting significant cost-effective Administration Safety Program supports approaches to modernizing existing rail State and local agencies in fulfilling their transit systems; responsibility for the safety and security —encouraging participation by the of urban mass transportation facilities private sector in the provision of and services, through the encouragement transportation services and and sponsorship of safety and security encouragement of joint public/private planning, training, information collection financing of transit capital investments; and analysis, drug control programs, —providing guidance and training system/safety assurance reviews, generic concerning long-term financial planning research, and other cooperative and leasing of capital assets; government/industry activities. —implementing a program of new model bus testing and test facility For further information, call 202–366–2896. improvements; Technical Assistance The —promoting the delivery of safe and Administration provides funds for effective public transportation in research, development, and nonurbanized areas; demonstration projects in urban —assisting new safety and security transportation for the purpose of initiatives, including safety training; and increasing productivity and efficiency in —compiling information on costs, urban and nonurban area transportation benefits, financial feasibility, and systems, improving mass transportation performance of new energy sources service and equipment, and assisting including nonpolluting fuels. Projects are conducted under grants State and local governments in providing and cooperative agreements with public total urban transportation services in a bodies, including State and local cost-effective, safe manner, and governments, or contracts with private expanding private-sector participation in organizations, both profit and nonprofit. all facets of urban transportation. The Administration conducts a For further information, contact the Regional Office program of research, development, and for the area concerned. demonstration addressing the following University Research and Training Grants principal areas: advanced public Grants may be awarded to public and transportation systems, clean air, finance, private nonprofit institutions of higher information, human resources and learning to assist in conducting research productivity, regional mobility, rural and training activities that address urban transportation, safety and security, and rural transit issues and needs and in technology development, and transit providing training for students and accessibility. Major project areas include working professionals in the field of developing and demonstrating new urban transportation analysis and approaches to involve employers, operations. The objective is to encourage developers, local governments, and and support university research, transportation providers in finding education, and training that addresses solutions to the problems of regional and is responsive to Federal, State, and mobility, with special emphasis on the local transportation concerns, and following: advances the understanding and —promoting institutional changes resolution of critical transportation required to improve mobility in problems. suburban areas and between suburbs Urbanized Area Formula Program and central city locations; Section 5307 is a formula-apportioned —encouraging management and resource for capital, operating, and organized labor to jointly seek planning assistance. Recipients of funds 430 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL in urbanized areas of over 200,000 projects endorsed at the metropolitan population are jointly designated by the and State levels for Federal funding, Governors of the respective States, local resulting from the State and local officials, and public transit operators. transportation planning process. The Governor acts as recipient for For further information, contact the Regional Office urbanized areas with populations from for the area concerned. 50,000 up to 200,000. Recipients must be State, regional, or local governmental For information concerning the bodies or public agencies. Private transit Federal Transit Administration, contact operators may be assisted under the the area/regional office for the area program through arrangements with an concerned or contact the Office of eligible public entity. Public Affairs, Federal Transit Grants may be made for 80 percent of Administration, Department of the project cost for capital and planning Transportation, 400 Seventh Street SW., activities. Operating assistance is subject Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202– to changes in the 1998 budget. Each 366–4043. Technical information may year, potential grantees submit a be obtained by contacting the Transit proposed program of projects for funding Research Information Center. Phone, based on the State Transportation 202–366–9157. Information is also Improvement Program. This program available electronically through the contains all of the highway and transit Internet, at http://www.fta.dot.gov/. Field OrganizationÐFederal Transit Administration

Region/Address Telephone

Arlington, TX (Suite 175, 524 E. Lamar Blvd., 76011±3900) ...... 817±860±9663 Atlanta, GA (Suite 17T50, 61 Forsyth St. SW., 30303) ...... 404±562±3500 Cambridge, MA (Suite 920, 55 Broadway, 02142) ...... 617±494±2055 Chicago, IL (Rm. 1415, 55 E. Monroe St., 60603) ...... 312±353±2789 Denver, CO (Suite 650, 216 16th St., 80202) ...... 303±844±3242 Kansas City, MO (Suite 303, 6301 Rockhill Rd., 64131) ...... 816±523±0204 New York, NY (Suite 2940, 26 Federal Plz., 10278) ...... 212±264±8162 Philadelphia, PA (Suite 500, 1760 Market St., 19103) ...... 215±656±7100 San Francisco, CA (Suite 2210, 201 Mission St., San Francisco, CA 94105) ...... 415±744±3133 Seattle, WA (Suite 3142, 915 2d Ave., 98174) ...... 206±220±7954

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Federal Transit Administration, Department of Transportation, 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–366–4043. Internet, http:/ /www.fta.dot.gov/.

Maritime Administration

The Maritime Administration was The Maritime Administration established by Reorganization Plan No. administers subsidy programs, through 21 of 1950 (5 U.S.C. app.), effective the Maritime Subsidy Board, under May 24, 1950. The Maritime Act of which the Federal Government, subject 1981 (46 U.S.C. 1601) transferred the to statutory limitations, pays the Maritime Administration to the difference between certain costs of Department of Transportation, effective operating ships under the U.S. flag and August 6, 1981. foreign competitive flags on essential services, and the difference between the The Maritime Administration costs of constructing ships in U.S. and administers programs to aid in the foreign shipyards. It provides financing development, promotion, and operation guarantees for the construction, of the U.S. merchant marine. It is also reconstruction, and reconditioning of charged with organizing and directing ships; and enters into capital emergency merchant ship operations. construction fund agreements that grant DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 431 tax deferrals on moneys to be used for ships that it operates through ship the acquisition, construction, or managers and general agents when reconstruction of ships. required in national defense interests. An The Administration constructs or element of this activity is the Ready supervises the construction of merchant Reserve Force consisting of a number of type ships for the Federal Government. It ships available for quick-response helps industry generate increased activation. business for U.S. ships and conducts It regulates sales to aliens and transfers programs to develop ports, facilities, and to foreign registry of ships that are fully intermodal transport, and to promote or partially owned by U.S. citizens. It domestic shipping. also disposes of Government-owned The Administration conducts program ships found nonessential for national and technical studies and administers a defense. War Risk Insurance Program that insures operators and seamen against losses The Administration operates the U.S. caused by hostile action if domestic Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, commercial insurance is not available. NY, where young people are trained to Under emergency conditions the become merchant marine officers, and Maritime Administration charters conducts training in shipboard Government-owned ships to U.S. firefighting at Earle, NJ, and Toledo, OH. operators, requisitions or procures ships It also administers a Federal assistance owned by U.S. citizens, and allocates program for the maritime academies them to meet defense needs. operated by California, Maine, It maintains a National Defense Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, and Reserve Fleet of Government-owned Texas. Field OrganizationÐMaritime Administration

Region Address Telephone

Central ...... Suite 2590, 365 Canal St., New Orleans, LA 70130±1137 ...... 504±589±6556 Great Lakes ...... Suite 185, 2860 South River Rd., Des Plaines, IL 60018±2413 .... 847±298±4535 North Atlantic ...... Rm. 3737, 26 Federal Plz., New York, NY 10278 ...... 212±264±1300 South Atlantic ...... Rm. 211, 7737 Hampton Blvd., Norfolk, VA 23505 ...... 757±441±6393 U.S. Merchant Marine Academy ...... Kings Point, NY 11024±1699 ...... 516±773±5000 Western ...... Suite 2200, 201 Mission St., San Francisco, CA 94105±1905 ...... 415±744±3125

For further information, contact the Office of Congressional and Public Affairs, Maritime Administration, Department of Transportation, 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–366–5807.

Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation

The Saint Lawrence Seaway Saint Lawrence River, and ensures the Development Corporation was safe transit of commercial and established by the Saint Lawrence noncommercial vessels through the two Seaway Act of May 13, 1954 (33 U.S.C. U.S. locks and the navigation channels 981–990) and became an operating of the Saint Lawrence Seaway System. administration of the Department of The Corporation works jointly with SLSA Transportation in 1966. on all matters related to rules and The Corporation, working regulations, overall operations, vessel cooperatively with the Saint Lawrence inspections, traffic control, navigation Seaway Authority (SLSA) of Canada, is aids, safety, operating dates, and trade dedicated to operating and maintaining a development programs. safe, reliable, and efficient deep draft The Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence waterway between the Great Lakes and Seaway System extends from the Atlantic the Atlantic Ocean. It regulates U.S. Ocean to the Lake Superior ports of pilotage on the Great Lakes and the Duluth/Superior, a distance of 2,342 432 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL miles. The Corporation’s main customers Seaway maritime and related services are vessel owners and operators, industries. International and domestic Midwest States and Canadian provinces, commerce through the Seaway Great Lakes port communities, shippers contributes to the economic prosperity of and receivers of domestic and the entire Great Lakes region. international cargo, and the Lakes/

For further information, contact the Director of Congressional and Public Affairs, Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, Department of Transportation, P.O. Box 44090, Washington, DC 20026–4090. Phone, 202–366–0091. Fax, 202–366–7147.

Research and Special Programs Administration

The Research and Special Programs enforcement of regulations other than Administration (RSPA) was established those applicable to a single mode of formally on September 23, 1977. It is transportation. The Office manages a responsible for hazardous materials user-fee funded grant program to assist transportation and pipeline safety, States in planning for hazardous transportation emergency preparedness, materials emergencies and to assist safety training, and multimodal States and Indian tribes with training for transportation research and development hazardous materials emergencies. activities. Additionally, the Office executes a national safety program to safeguard Office of Hazardous Materials food and certain other products from Safety contamination during motor or rail 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC transportation. A computer bulletin 20590. Phone, 202–366–0656 board, in conjunction with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, offers The Office of Hazardous Materials Safety nationwide access to topics related to develops and issues regulations for the hazardous materials transportation safety safe transportation of hazardous and can be accessed by dialing 1–800– materials by all modes, excluding bulk PLANFOR (752–6367). The Office is the transportation by water. The regulations national focal point for coordination and cover shipper and carrier operations, control of the Department’s multimodal packaging and container specifications, hazardous materials regulatory program, and hazardous materials definitions. The ensuring uniformity of approach and Office is also responsible for the action by all modal administrations. Regional OfficesÐOffice of Hazardous Materials Safety

Region Address Chief

EasternÐCT, DC, DE, FL, GA, MA, MD, Suite 306, 820 Bear Tavern Rd., W. Trenton, NJ 08628 Colleen Abbenhaus ME, NC, NH, NJ, NY, PA, PR, RI, SC, VA, VT, WV CentralÐIL, IA, IN, KS, KY, MI, MN, MO, Suite 136, 2350 E. Devon Ave., Des Plaines, IL 60018 Kevin Boehne ND, NE, OH, SD, WI WesternÐAK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, Suite 230, 3200 Inland Empire Blvd., Ontario, CA 91764 Anthony Smialek NV, OR, UT, WA, WY SouthwesternÐAL, AR, LA, MS, NM, Suite 2118, 2320 LaBranch St., Houston, TX 77004 Jesse Hughes OK, TN, TX

Office of Pipeline Safety The Office of Pipeline Safety establishes and provides for compliance with 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC standards that assure public safety and 20590. Phone, 202–366–4595 environmental protection in the transportation of gas and hazardous DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 433 liquids by pipeline. The Office percent of the actual cost for carrying administers a program whereby a State out its pipeline safety program. The agency can voluntarily assert safety Office under the Oil Pollution Act of regulatory jurisdiction over all or some 1990 established regulations requiring intrastate pipeline facilities. The Federal petroleum pipeline operators to prepare Government is authorized to pay a State and submit plans to respond to oil spills agency grant-in-aid funds of up to 50 for Federal review and approval. Regional OfficesÐOffice of Pipeline Safety

Region Address Chief

CentralÐIA, IL, IN, KS, MI, MN, MO, ND, Suite 1120, 1100 Maine St., Kansas City, MO 64105 Ivan Huntoon NE, OH, SD, WI EasternÐCT, DC, DE, MA, MD, ME, NH, Rm. 2108, 400 7th St. SW., Washington, DC 20590 William Gute NJ, NY, PA, RI, VA, VT, WV SouthernÐAL, AR, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, Suite 446 N., 1720 Peachtree Rd. NW., Atlanta, GA Frederick Joyner PR, SC, TN 30309 SouthwestÐAZ, LA, NM, OK, TX Suite 2118, 2320 LaBranch St., Houston, TX 77004 James Thomas WesternÐAK, CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, Suite 230, 12600 W. Colfax Ave., Lakewood, CO 80215 Edward Ondak OR, UT, WA, WY

Office of Research, Technology, and Office of Research Policy and Analysis Technology Transfer 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–366–4434 20590. Phone, 202–366–4208 The Office of Research Policy and The Office of Research, Technology, and Technology Transfer oversees the Analysis serves as the principal adviser Department’s entire research and to the Administrator of RSPA on all development programs, and those research, technology, and analysis technical assistance and technology program activities as they relate to sharing activities which bring the results RSPA’s mission, programs, objectives, of research and development to its users and scientific and technological activities and establishes needs for future research. within RSPA. The Office oversees and This responsibility includes coordination directs the activities of the Transportation and oversight of the Department’s technology transfer activities under the Safety Institute (TSI). Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980, as amended (15 Office of University Research and U.S.C. 3701 et seq.), relating to the Education transfer of federally funded technology to the marketplace. 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–366–5442 Transportation Safety Institute The Office of University Research and Department of Transportation, 6500 South Education acts as principal adviser to McArthur Boulevard, Oklahoma City, OK RSPA and the Department on university 73125. Phone, 405–954–3153 research and education activities; The Institute was established in 1971 by provides a point of contact with the the Secretary of Transportation to academic community; stimulates broad- support the Department’s efforts to based university involvement with reduce the number and cost of intermodal transportation problems and transportation accidents by promoting issues; and manages a national grant safety and security management through program to establish and operate education. The Institute is a primary university transportation centers and source of transportation safety and university research institutes. security training and technical assistance on domestic and international levels for 434 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Department of Transportation elements, RSPA, provides research, analysis, and as well as other Federal, State, and local systems capability to the Department of government agencies. Transportation (DOT) and other agencies requiring expertise in national transportation and logistics programs. Office of Emergency Transportation Integrated systems approaches are 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC developed by Volpe Center to address 20590. Phone, 202–366–5270 Federal transportation issues of national The Office of Emergency Transportation importance. It does not appear as a line provides the staff to administer and item in the Federal budget, but is funded execute the Secretary of Transportation’s directly by its sponsors. Volpe Center statutory and administrative projects are therefore responsive to responsibilities in the area of customer needs. The Center has come to transportation civil emergency be increasingly recognized by preparedness. It is the primary element government, industry, and academia as a of the Department engaged in the focal point for the assimilation, development, coordination, and review generation, and interchange of of policies, plans, and programs for knowledge and understanding attaining and maintaining a high state of concerning national and international Federal transportation emergency transportation and logistics systems. The preparedness. This Office oversees the Volpe Center is widely valued as a vital effective discharge of the Secretary’s national resource for solving complex responsibilities in all emergencies transportation and logistics problems. affecting the national defense and in Based on shifting national priorities national or regional emergencies, and availability of its resources, Volpe including those caused by natural Center programmatic activities for DOT disasters and other crisis situations. and other agencies vary from year to year. Volpe National Transportation Volpe Center programs emphasize Systems Center policy support and analysis, cost- effective Government procurement, Kendall Square, Cambridge, MA 02142. environmental protection and Phone, 617–494–2224 remediation, transportation safety and The Volpe National Transportation security, and infrastructure Systems Center (Volpe Center), as part of modernization.

For further information, contact the Office of Program and Policy Support, Research and Special Programs Administration, Department of Transportation, 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–366–4831.

Bureau of Transportation Statistics

The Bureau of Transportation Statistics accessible information on the Nation’s (BTS) was organized pursuant to section transportation systems; to collect 6006 of the Intermodal Surface information on intermodal transportation Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 and other areas; and to enhance the (ISTEA) (49 U.S.C. 111), and was quality and effectiveness of DOT formally established by the Secretary of statistical programs through research, the Transportation on December 16, 1992. development of guidelines, and the The Bureau has an intermodal promotion of improvements in data transportation focus whose missions are acquisition and use. to compile, analyze, and make The Bureau is mandated by ISTEA to: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 435

—compile, analyze, and publish in June of 1995. The Office collects air statistics; carrier financial and traffic data —develop a long-term data collection (passenger and freight) pursuant to 49 program; U.S.C. 329 and 41708. This information —develop guidelines to improve the provides uniform and comprehensive credibility and effectiveness of the economic and market data on individual Department’s statistics; airline operations. —represent transportation interests in the statistical community; The Bureau is also responsible for —make statistics accessible and collecting motor carrier financial data understandable; and pursuant to 49 U.S.C. 14123 (Public Law —identify data needs. 104–88). This function was transferred to The Bureau acquired the Office of BTS, effective January 1, 1996, after the Airline Information (OAI) pursuant to termination of the Interstate Commerce DOT 1100.70 Chg. 1 and 60 FR 30195, Commission.

For further information, call 202–366–DATA. Fax, 202–366–3640. Fax-on-demand, 800–671–8012. Internet, http://www.bts.gov/. E-mail, [email protected]. Gopher, gopher.bts.gov. Phone (modem), 800–363–4BTS.

Surface Transportation Board

The Surface Transportation Board was and line abandonments), and labor established in 1996 by the ICC matters related thereto; certain trucking Termination Act of 1995 (49 U.S.C. company, moving van, and 10101 et seq.) as a decisionally noncontiguous ocean shipping company independent, bipartisan, adjudicatory rate matters; certain intercity passenger body organizationally housed within the bus company structure, financial, and Department of Transportation, with operational matters; and certain pipeline jurisdiction over certain surface matters not regulated by the Federal transportation economic regulatory Energy Regulatory Commission. matters formerly under ICC jurisdiction. The Board consists of three members, In the performance of its functions, the appointed by the President with the Board is charged with promoting, where advice and consent of the Senate for 5- appropriate, substantive and procedural year terms. The Board’s Chairman is regulatory reform and providing an designated by the President from among efficient and effective forum for the the members. resolution of disputes. Through the The Board adjudicates disputes and granting of exemptions from regulations regulates interstate surface transportation where warranted, the streamlining of its through various laws pertaining to the decisionmaking process and the different modes of surface transportation. regulations applicable thereto, and the The Board’s general responsibilities consistent and fair application of legal include the oversight of firms engaged in and equitable principles, the Board seeks transportation in interstate and foreign to provide an effective forum for efficient commerce to the extent that it takes dispute resolution and facilitation of place within the United States, or appropriate market-based business between or among points in the transactions. Through rulemakings and contiguous United States and points in case disposition, it strives to develop Alaska, Hawaii, or U.S. territories or new and better ways to analyze unique possessions. Surface transportation and complex problems, to reach fully matters under the Board’s jurisdiction in justified decisions more quickly, to general include railroad rate and service reduce the costs associated with issues, rail restructuring transactions regulatory oversight, and to encourage (mergers, line sales, line construction, private sector negotiations and 436 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL resolutions to problems, where appropriate.

For further information, contact the Office of Congressional and External Affairs, Surface Transportation Board, Room 843, 1925 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20423–0001. Phone, 202–565–1594.

Sources of Information

Inquiries for information on the 9393 (toll-free except Alaska and following subjects should be directed to Hawaii). the specified office, Department of Contracts Contact the Office of Transportation, Washington, DC 20590, Acquisition and Grant Management. or to the address indicated. Phone, 202–366–4285. Coast Guard Career and Training Employment The principal occupations Opportunities For information on the in the Department are air traffic U.S. Coast Guard Academy, contact the controller, aviation safety specialist, Director of Admissions, U.S. Coast electronics maintenance technician, Guard Academy, New London, CT engineer (civil, aeronautical, automotive, 06320. Phone, 860–444–8444. Internet, electronic, highway, and general), http://www.uscg.mil/. administrative/management, and clerical. Information on the enlistment program For further information, contact the and the Officer Candidate School may Transportation Administrative Service be obtained from the local recruiting Center (TASC) DOT Connection, Room offices or the U.S. Coast Guard PL–402, 400 Seventh Street SW., Personnel Command (CGPC) Recruiting Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202– Center. Phone, 703–235–1169. 366–9391 or 800–525–2878 (toll-free). Persons interested in joining the Coast Environment Inquiries on Guard Auxiliary may obtain information environmental activities and programs from the Commandant (G–OCX), U.S. should be directed to the Assistant Coast Guard, Washington, DC 20593. Secretary for Transportation Policy, Phone, 202–267–0982. Office of Environment, Energy, and Consumer Activities For information Safety, Washington, DC 20590. Phone, about air travelers’ rights or for 202–366–4366. assistance in resolving consumer Films Many films on transportation problems with providers of commercial subjects are available for use by air transportation services, contact the educational institutions, community Consumer Affairs Division (phone, 202– groups, private organizations, etc. 366–2220); for consumer assistance, to Requests for specific films relating to a report possible boat safety defects, and particular mode of transportation may be to obtain information on boats and directed to the appropriate operating associated equipment involved in safety administration. defect (recall) campaigns, call the U.S. Fraud, Waste, and Abuse To report, Coast Guard’s Boating Safety Hotline. contact the Office of Inspector General Residents of Washington, DC, call 267– hotline, P.O. Box 23178, Washington, 0780. Other residents nationwide, call DC 20026–0178. Phone, 202–366–1461 800–368–5647 (toll-free). or 800–424–9071 (toll-free). To report vehicle safety problems, Publications The Department and its obtain information on motor vehicle and operating agencies issue publications on highway safety, or to request consumer a wide variety of subjects. Many of these information publications, call the publications are available from the National Highway Traffic Safety issuing agency or for sale from the Administration’s 24-hour auto safety Government Printing Office and the hotline. Phone, 202–366–0123 National Technical Information Service, (Washington, DC, area) or 800–424– 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 437

22151. Contact the Department or the Speakers The Department of specific agency at the addresses Transportation and its operating indicated in the text. administrations and regional offices Reading Rooms Contact the make speakers available for civic, labor, Department of Transportation TASC and community groups. Contact the Dockets, PL–401, 400 Seventh Street specific agency or the nearest regional SW., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, office at the address indicated in the 800–647–5527. Administrations and text. their regional offices maintain reading Surface Transportation Board rooms for public use. Contact the Proceedings and Public Records specific administration at the address Requests for public assistance with indicated in the text. pending or potential proceedings of the Other reading rooms include: TASC Board should be addressed to the Office Department of Transportation Library, of Public Services, Surface Room 2200, 400 Seventh Street SW., Transportation Board, Room 848, 1925 Washington, DC 20590 (phone, 202– K Street NW., Washington, DC 20423– 366–0745); Department of 0001. Phone, 202–565–1592. Transportation/TASC Law Library, Room 2215, 400 Seventh Street SW., Requests for access to the Board’s Washington, DC 20590 (phone, 202– public records should be made to the 366–0749); Department of Office of the Secretary, Surface Transportation/TASC Library, FB–10A Transportation Board, Room 700, 1925 Branch, Room 930, 800 Independence K Street NW., Washington, DC 20423– Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591 0001. Phone, 202–565–1674. (phone, 202–267–3115); and Telephone Directory The Department Department of Transportation/TASC of Transportation telephone directory is Library, Transpoint Branch, B–726, 2100 available for sale by the Superintendent Second Street SW., Washington, DC of Documents, Government Printing 20593 (phone, 202–267–2536). Office, Washington, DC 20402.

For further information concerning the Department of Transportation, contact the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Department of Transportation, 400 Seventh Street SW., Washington, DC 20590. Phone, 202–366–5580. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20220 Phone, 202–622–2000

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY ROBERT E. RUBIN Deputy Secretary LAWRENCE H. SUMMERS Chief of Staff MICHAEL FROMAN Executive Secretary J. BENJAMIN H. NYE Under Secretary (Domestic Finance) JOHN D. HAWKE, JR. Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for MOZELLE W. THOMPSON Government Finance Policy Analysis Director, Office of Corporate Finance (VACANCY) Director, Office of Government Financing CHARLES D. HAWORTH Director, Office of Synthetic Fuels (VACANCY) Deputy Assistant Secretary for Community MICHAEL BARR Development Policy Director, Community Development Financial KIRSTEN MOY Institutions Fund Assistant Secretary (Financial Institutions) RICHARD S. CARNELL Deputy Assistant Secretary for Financial (VACANCY) Institutions Policy Director, Office of Policy Planning and GORDON EASTBURN Analysis Director, Office of Financial Institutions JOAN AFFLECK-SMITH Policy Assistant Secretary (Financial Markets) (VACANCY) Deputy Assistant Secretary for Federal ROGER L. ANDERSON Finance Director, Office of Market Finance JILL K. OUSELEY Director, Office of Federal Finance Policy NORMAN K. CARLETON Analysis Fiscal Assistant Secretary GERALD MURPHY Deputy Fiscal Assistant Secretary DONALD HAMMOND Assistant Fiscal Assistant Secretary JOHN A. KILCOYNE Director, Office of Cash and Debt DONALD A. CHIODO Management Senior Adviser for Fiscal Management ROGER A. BEZDEK Under Secretary (Enforcement) RAYMOND W. KELLY Assistant Secretary (Enforcement) JAMES E. JOHNSON Deputy Assistant Secretary (Law ELISABETH BRESEE Enforcement) Director, Project Outreach HERBERT JONES Director, Executive Office of Asset JAN BLANTON Forfeiture Director, Office of Financial Crimes STANLEY E. MORRIS Enforcement Network (FinCEN) Deputy Assistant Secretary (Regulatory, JOHN P. SIMPSON Tariff, and Trade Enforcement) Director, Office of Foreign Assets Control R. RICHARD NEWCOMB 438 DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 439

Director, Office of Trade and Tariff Affairs DENNIS M. O’CONNELL Assistant Secretary (Economic Policy) JOSHUA GOTBAUM Deputy Assistant Secretary for Economic (VACANCY) Policy Director, Office of Financial Analysis JOHN H. AUTEN Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy ROBERT F. GILLINGHAM Coordination Director, Office of Economic Analysis (VACANCY) Director, Office of Policy Analysis JOHN C. HAMBOR Director, Office of International Financial THOMAS A. MCCOWN, JR. Analysis Director, Office of Foreign Portfolio WILLIAM L. GRIEVER Investment Survey Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy JONATHAN GRUBER Analysis General Counsel EDWARD S. KNIGHT Deputy General Counsel NEAL WOLIN Associate General Counsel (Legislation, RICHARD S. CARRO Litigation, and Regulation) Assistant General Counsel (Banking and JOHN E. BOWMAN Finance) Assistant General Counsel (Enforcement) ROBERT M. MCNAMARA, JR. Assistant General Counsel (General Law and KENNETH R. SCHMALZBACH Ethics) Assistant General Counsel (International RUSSELL L. MUNK Affairs) Tax Legislative Counsel MIKE THOMSON International Tax Counsel JOSEPH H. GUTTENTAG Benefits Tax Counsel J. MARK IWRY Inspector General VALERIE LAU Deputy Inspector General RICHARD B. CALAHAN Special Assistant to the Inspector General DONALD KASSEL Director, Inspectors General Auditor ANDREW J. PASDEN Training Institute Counsel to the Inspector General LORI Y. VASSAR Deputy Counsel to the Inspector General RICHARD DOERY Director of Evaluations EMILIE M. BAEBEL Director of Information Technology JOSEPH A. LAWSON Assistant Inspector General for Investigations RAISA OTTERO-CESARIO and Oversight Deputy Assistant Inspector General for (VACANCY) Investigations and Oversight Assistant Inspector General for Audit DENNIS S. SCHINDEL Deputy Assistant Inspector General for WILLIAM H. PUGH Audit (Financial Management) Assistant Inspector General for Resources/ GARY L. WHITTINGTON Chief Financial Officer Deputy Assistant Inspector General for CLIFFORD H. JENNINGS Resources/Deputy Chief Financial Officer Under Secretary (International Affairs) (VACANCY) Assistant Secretary (International Affairs) DAVID LIPTON Director of Program Services DANIEL A. O’BRIEN, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Eurasia and NANCY LEE, Acting Middle East 440 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Office of Central and Eastern ROBERT S. DOHNER, Acting European Nations Director, Office of Middle Eastern and KAREN MATHIASEN, Acting Central Asian Nations Deputy Assistant Secretary for International WILLIAM SCHUERCH Development, Debt, and Environmental Policy Director, Office of Multilateral JOSEPH EICHENBERGER Development Banks Director, Office of International Debt MARY E. CHAVES Policy Deputy Assistant Secretary for Technical JAMES H. FALL III Assistance Policy Director, Office of Technical Assistance ROBERT BANQUE, Acting Director, U.S.-Saudi Arabian Joint JAN GASSERUD Commission Program Office Deputy Assistant Secretary for International TIMOTHY GEITHNER Monetary and Financial Policy Director, International Banking and WILLIAM MURDEN Securities Markets Director, Office of International Monetary JAMES M. LISTER Fund Director, Office of Industrial Nations and ROBERT HARLOW, Acting Global Analysis Director, Office of Foreign Exchange TIMOTHY DULANEY Operations Deputy Assistant Secretary for Asia, the DANIEL M. ZELIKOW, Acting Americas, and Africa Director, Office of East and South Asian TODD CRAWFORD Nations Director, Office of Latin American BRUCE JUBA Caribbean Nations Director, Office of African Affairs EDWIN L. BARBER Director, Mexican Task Force WESLEY MCGREW, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Trade and MARGRETHE LUNDSAGER Investment Policy Director, Office of Trade Finance STEPHEN TVARDEK Director, Office of International GAY S. HOAR Investment Director, Office of Financial Services MATTHEW HENNESEY Negotiations Director, Office of International Trade T. WHITTIER WARTHIN Assistant Secretary (Legislative Affairs and LINDA L. ROBERTSON Public Liaison) Director, Office of Legislative Affairs GAIL E. PETERSON Congressional Inquiries ORA STARKS Deputy Assistant Secretary (Banking and VICTORIA ROSTOW Finance) Deputy Assistant Secretary (International VICTOR A. ROJAS Finance) Deputy Assistant Secretary (Public Liaison) JOYCE H. CARRIER Director, Office of Business Liaison MATTHEW GORMAN Assistant Secretary for Management/Chief GEORGE MUN˜ OZ Financial Officer Deputy Chief Financial Officer STEVEN O. APP DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 441

Director, Office of Accounting and JAMES LINGEBACH Internal Control Director, Office of Financial and Budget BARRY K. HUDSON Execution Director, Office of Systems and Financial DENNIS MITCHELL Reports Director, Office of Security RICHARD P. RILEY Deputy Assistant Secretary for Departmental W. SCOTT GOULD Finance and Management Director, Office of Small and T.J. GARCIA Disadvantaged Business Utilization Director, Office of Procurement ROBERT A. WELCH Director, Office of Real and Personal ROBERT T. HARPER Property Management Director, Office of Organizational MARY BETH SHAW, Acting Improvement Director, Office of Budget CARL MORAVITZ Director, Office of Treasury Reinvention ANTHONY A. FLEMING Director, Office of Strategic Planning JOHN MURPHY Deputy Assistant Secretary for Administration ALEX RODRIGUEZ Director, Automated Systems Division G. DALE SEWARD Director, Printing and Graphics Division KIRK B. MARKLAND Director, Facilities Management Division JAMES R. HAULSEY Director, Financial Management Division LINDA RIPETTA, Acting Director, Procurement Services Division WESLEY L. HAWLEY Director, Administrative Operations IDA HERNANDEZ Division Director, Office of Management Advisory WILLIAM H. GILLERS Services Deputy Assistant Secretary for Information JAMES J. FLYZIK, Acting Systems/Chief Information Officer Director, Office of Information Resources JANE L. SULLIVAN Management Director, Office of Telecommunications JAMES J. FLYZIK Management Deputy Assistant Secretary for Human DAVID LEBRYK Resources Director, Office of Personnel Policy RONALD A. GLASER, Acting Director, Office of Equal Opportunity MARIAM G. HARVEY, Acting Program Director, Treasury Integrated Management EDWARD B. POWELL III Information Systems Director, Treasury Executive Institute SUELLEN HAMBY Director, Personnel Resources Division DEBRA TOMCHEK, Acting Treasurer of the United States MARY ELLEN WITHROW Assistant Secretary (Public Affairs) HOWARD M. SCHLOSS Deputy Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (VACANCY) Director, Public Affairs MICHELLE SMITH Assistant Secretary (Tax Policy) DONALD C. LUBICK, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary (Tax Policy) KENNETH KRUPSKY Tax Legislative Counsel MIKE THOMSON International Tax Counsel JOSEPH H. GUTTENTAG Benefits Tax Counsel J. MARK IWRY Deputy Assistant Secretary (Tax Analysis) JOHN KARL SCHOLZ Director, Office of Tax Analysis LOWELL DWORIN 442 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, AND FIREARMS 650 Massachusetts Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20226 Phone, 202–927–8500

Director JOHN W. MAGAW Deputy Director BRADLEY A. BUCKLES Ombudsman RICHARD C. FOX Equal Opportunity Executive Assistant MARJORIE R. KORNEGAY Legislative Affairs Executive Assistant STEVE J. PIROTTE Assistant Director, Liaison and Public PATRICK D. HYNES Information Strategic Planning Office WAYNE MILLER Chief Counsel STEPHEN MCHALE Associate Director (Enforcement) ANDREW L. VITA Assistant Director (Inspection) RICHARD J. HANKINSON Assistant Director (Management)/Chief WILLIAM T. EARLE Financial Officer Assistant Director (Science and Information ARTHUR J. LIBERTUCCI Technology) Assistant Director (Training and Professional GALE D. ROSSIDES Development)

OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY 250 E Street SW., Washington, DC 20219 Phone, 202–874–5000

Comptroller EUGENE A. LUDWIG Senior Adviser to the Comptroller MARK P. JACOBSEN Deputy Comptroller for Risk Evaluation and G. SCOTT CALHOUN Market Risks Deputy Comptroller for Information STEPHEN M. CROSS, Acting Resources Management Deputy to the FDIC Director (Comptroller of THOMAS E. ZEMKE the Currency) Senior Deputy Comptroller for Public Affairs MATTHEW ROBERTS Director, Banking Relations WILLIAM F. GRANT III Director, Community Relations BUD KANITZ Director, Congressional Liaison CAROLYN S. MCFARLANE Special Adviser for External Relations J. CHRISTOPHER LEWIS, JR. Deputy Comptroller for Public Affairs LEONORA S. CROSS Director, Communications ELLEN STOCKDALE Director, Press Relations DEAN J. DEBUCK Senior Deputy Comptroller for Bank LEANN G. BRITTON Supervision Operations Deputy Comptrollers for Large Banks DELORA NG JEE, TIMOTHY W. LONG, DOUGLAS W. ROEDER Deputy Comptroller for Continuing MARK A. NISHAN Education Deputy Comptroller for Supervisory Support ANN F. JAEDICKE Senior Deputy Comptroller for Bank E. WAYNE RUSHTON Supervision Policy Senior Adviser RALPH E. SHARPE Deputy Comptroller for Community and STEPHEN M. CROSS Consumer Policy DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 443

Deputy Comptroller for Core Policy KEVIN J. BAILEY Development Deputy Comptroller for Credit Risk DAVID D. GIBBONS Senior Deputy Comptroller for Economic and JAMES D. KAMIHACHI Policy Analysis Senior Adviser EMILY MARWELL Senior Technology Adviser ALLAN B. GUERRINA Deputy Comptroller for Economics DAVID H. NEBHUT Senior Deputy Comptroller for International SUSAN F. KRAUSE Affairs Deputy Comptroller for International JOHN M. ABBOTT Banking and Finance Ombudsman SAMUEL P. GOLDEN Senior Deputy Comptroller for Administration JUDITH A. WALTER Deputy Comptroller for Resource GARY W. NORTON Management Chief Financial Officer RONALD P. PASSERO Chief Counsel JULIE L. WILLIAMS Deputy Chief Counsels ROBERT B. SERINO RAYMOND NATTER Deputy Comptroller for Bank Organization STEVEN J. WEISS and Structure

UNITED STATES CUSTOMS SERVICE 1301 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20229 Phone, 202–927–6724

Commissioner of Customs GEORGE WEISE Confidential Assistant DAWN RENEAU Chief of Staff HOLM J. KAPPLER Deputy Commissioner SAMUEL BANKS Special Assistant to the Deputy ROBERT MITCHELL Commissioner Assistant Commissioner (Regulations and STUART SEIDEL Rulings) Assistant Commissioner (Investigations) BONNI TISCHLER Assistant Commissioner (International Affairs) DOUGLAS BROWNING Assistant Commissioner (Communications JOSE D. PADILLA and Congressional Affairs) Assistant Commissioner (Field Operations) ROBERT TROTTER Assistant Commissioner (Finance) VINCETTE GOERL Assistant Commissioner (Information and EDWARD KWAS Technology) Assistant Commissioner (Human Resources DEBORAH SPERO Management) Assistant Commissioner (Strategic Trade) CHARLES WINWOOD Assistant Commissioner (Internal Affairs) HOMER WILLIAMS Chief Counsel ELIZABETH ANDERSON Director, Planning and Evaluation WILLIAM F. RILEY Ombudsman WALTER CORLEY Special Assistant to the Commissioner and LINDA BATTS Director, Equal Employment Opportunity 444 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

BUREAU OF ENGRAVING AND PRINTING Fourteenth and C Streets SW., Washington, DC 20228 Phone, 202–874–3019

Director LARRY E. ROLUFS Associate Director (Chief Operating Officer) CARLA F. KIDWELL Associate Director (Chief Financial Officer) (VACANCY) Associate Director (Management) TIMOTHY G. VIGOTSKY Associate Director (Technology) MILTON J. SEIDEL Associate Director (Research and THOMAS A. FERGUSON Development) Chief Counsel CARROL H. KINSEY

FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT TRAINING CENTER Glynco, GA 31524. Phone, 912–267–2100. Fax, 912–267–2495 Washington, DC. Phone, 202–927–8940. Fax, 202–927–8782 Artesia, NM, Operations. Phone, 505–748–8000. Fax, 505–748–8100

Director CHARLES F. RINKEVICH Deputy Director R.J. MILLER Associate Director JOHN C. DOOHER Director (Administration) KENNETH A. HALL Director (General Training) CONNIE L. PATRICK Director (Special Training) RAY M. RICE Director (State and Local Training) HOBART M. HENSON Director (Artesia, NM, Operations) JEFFERY HESSER Director (Washington, DC, Office) JOHN C. DOOHER

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICE 401 Fourteenth Street SW., Washington, DC 20227 Phone, 202–874–6740

Commissioner RUSSELL D. MORRIS Deputy Commissioner MICHAEL T. SMOKOVICH Director, Legislative and Public Affairs JIM L. HAGEDORN Director, Office of Quality and Diversity SONDRA HUTCHINSON Management Chief Counsel DAVID A. INGOLD Assistant Commissioner, Agency Services WALTER L. JORDAN Assistant Deputy Commissioner for Debt VIRGINIA HARTER Management Services Assistant Commissioner, Federal Finance LARRY D. STOUT Assistant Commissioner, Financial DIANE E. CLARK Information Assistant Commissioner, Information CONSTANCE E. CRAIG Resources Assistant Commissioner, Management (CFO) MITCHELL A. LEVINE Assistant Commissioner, Regional BLAND T. BROCKENBOROUGH Operations DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 445

INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE 1111 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20224 Phone, 202–622–5000

Commissioner of Internal Revenue MARGARET MILNER RICHARDSON Special Assistant to the Commissioner HELEN BOLTON Assistants to the Commissioner JOHN STAPLES, C. ELIZABETH WAGNER, KIRSTEN WIELOBOB Chief of Staff (VACANCY) Director, Small Business Affairs BARBARA JENKINS Director, Office of Public Liaison SUE SOTTILE Deputy Commissioner MICHAEL P. DOLAN Assistant to the Deputy Commissioner JAMES E. ROGERS, JR. Taxpayer Ombudsman LEE MONKS National Director of Appeals VINCE CANCIELLO National Director of Quality THOMAS J. CARROLL Director, Office of Business Transition STEPHEN HOLDEN Chief Counsel STUART BROWN Deputy Chief Counsel MARLENE GROSS Associate Chief Counsel (Domestic) JUDY DUNN Associate Chief Counsel (Employee SARAH HALL INGRAM Benefits/Exempt Organizations) Associate Chief Counsel (Enforcement ELIOT FIELDING Litigation) Associate Chief Counsel (Finance/ RICHARD MIHELCIC Management) Associate Chief Counsel (International) MICHAEL DANILACK Chief Compliance Officer JIM DONELSON Executive Assistant DIANNE GRANT Assistant Commissioner (Collection) RONALD S. RHODES Assistant Commissioner (Criminal TED F. BROWN Investigation) Assistant Commissioner (Examination) TOM SMITH Assistant Commissioner (Employee Plans/ EVELYN PETSCHEK Exempt Organizations) Assistant Commissioner (International) JOHN T. LYONS Chief Financial Officer TONY MUSICK Executive Assistant MIKE NOBLE Controller/Director for Financial LISA FIELY Management National Director for Budget RICH MORGANTE Associate Commissioner for Modernization/ ARTHUR A. GROSS Chief Information Officer Executive Assistant DEBBIE PETTIS Privacy Advocate ROBERT VEEDER Chief Inspector GARY BELL Deputy Chief Inspector DOUG CROUCH Assistant Chief Inspector (Internal Audit) BILLY MORRISON Assistant Chief Inspector (Internal Security) SEBASTIAN LORIGO Chief, Management and Administration DAVID A. MADER Senior Adviser JOANN BUCK Assistant Commissioner (Procurement) GREG ROTHWELL Assistant Commissioner (Support Services) JOHN BINNION National Director, Communications Division JUDITH TOMASO 446 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

National Director, Equal Employment ED CHAVEZ Opportunity and Diversity National Director, Legislative Affairs FLOYD L. WILLIAMS III Division National Director, Strategic Planning CHARLOTTE PERDUE Division Chief, Taxpayer Service JIM DONELSON, Acting Executive Assistant FRANK SPIEGELBERG Assistant Commissioner (Taxpayer Services) (VACANCY) Assistant Commissioner (Forms and JIMMY SMITH, Acting Submission Processing) National Director, Tax Forms and SHELDON SCHWARTZ Publications Executive Officer, Service Center Operations THOMAS H. DEGA Executive Officer, Customer Service RON WATSON Chief, Headquarters Operations DAVE JUNKINS Executive Assistant BEN DADD

UNITED STATES MINT 633 Third Street NW., Washington, DC 20220 Phone, 202–874–6000

Director of the Mint PHILIP N. DIEHL Deputy Director JOHN P. MITCHELL Special Assistant to the Director SUSAN SCATES Chief Counsel KENNETH B. GUBIN Chief, Security/Mint Police WILLIAM F. DADDIO Associate Director for Policy and Management/ JAY WEINSTEIN Chief Financial Officer Deputy Associate Director for Finance/Deputy TERRY BOWIE Chief Financial Officer Associate Director/Chief Operating Officer ANDREW COSGAREA, JR. Associate Director for Marketing DAVID PICKENS Deputy Associate Director for Marketing PAUL SPEDDEN

BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT 999 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20239–0001 Phone, 202–219–3300

Commissioner RICHARD L. GREGG Deputy Commissioner VAN ZECK Director, Government Securities Regulation KENNETH R. PAPAJ Staff Chief Counsel WALTER T. ECCARD Assistant Commissioner (Administration) THOMAS W. HARRISON Assistant Commissioner (Automated NOEL E. KEESOR Information Systems) Assistant Commissioner (Financing) CARL M. LOCKEN, JR. Assistant Commissioner (Public Debt DEBRA HINES Accounting) Assistant Commissioner (Savings Bond ARTHUR A. KLASS Operations) Assistant Commissioner (Securities and JANE O’BRIEN Accounting Services) DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 447

Executive Director (Savings Bonds Marketing DINO DECONCINI Office)

UNITED STATES SECRET SERVICE 1800 G Street NW., Washington, DC 20223 Phone, 202–435–5708

Director (VACANCY) Deputy Director RICHARD J. GRIFFIN Assistant Director (Administration) W. RALPH BASHAM Assistant Director (Government Liaison H. TERRENCE SAMWAY and Public Affairs) Assistant Director (Inspection) K. DAVID HOLMES Assistant Director (Investigations) BRUCE J. BOWEN Assistant Director (Protective Operations) RICHARD S. MILLER Assistant Director (Protective Research) STEPHEN M. SERGEK Assistant Director (Training) LEWIS C. MERLETTI Chief Counsel JOHN J. KELLEHER

OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION 1700 G Street NW., Washington, DC 20552 Phone, 202–906–6000

Director NICOLAS P. RETSINAS Chief Counsel CAROLYN J. BUCK Executive Director, Administration CORA PRIFOLD BEEBE Executive Director, External Affairs JOHN L. VON SEGGERN Executive Director, Research and Analysis KENNETH F. RYDER Executive Director, Supervision JOHN F. DOWNEY Associate Director for FDIC WALTER B. MASON Director, Congressional Affairs KEVIN PETRASIC, Acting Director, Minority Affairs NADINE ELZY Director, Press Relations WILLIAM E. FULWIDER

The Department of the Treasury performs four basic functions: formulating and recommending economic, financial, tax, and fiscal policies; serving as financial agent for the U.S. Government; enforcing the law; and manufacturing coins and currency.

The Treasury Department was created by international financial, economic, and act of September 2, 1789 (31 U.S.C. 301 tax policy; participating in the and 301 note). Many subsequent acts formulation of broad fiscal policies that have figured in the development of the have general significance for the Department, delegating new duties to its economy; and managing the public debt. charge and establishing the numerous The Secretary also oversees the activities bureaus and divisions that now comprise of the Department in carrying out its the Treasury. major law enforcement responsibility; in serving as the financial agent for the U.S. Secretary Government; and in manufacturing coins, currency, and other products for As a major policy adviser to the customer agencies. President, the Secretary has primary In addition, the Secretary has many responsibility for formulating and responsibilities as chief financial officer recommending domestic and of the Government. The Secretary serves 448 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL AND OF THE UNITED STATES DEPUTY PRINTING OF THE UNITED BUREAU OF STATES ENGRAVING TREASURER TREASURER 1 MINT CHIEF DEPUTY Systems) UNITED STATES DEPUTY DEPUTY DEPUTY OFFICER (Information ASSISTANT FINANCIAL SECRETARY ASSISTANT Finance and ASSISTANT SECRETARY SECRETARY Management) (Departmental (Administration) and CFO ASSISTANT SECRETARY (Management) SERVICE REVENUE INTERNAL DEPUTY GENERAL INSPECTOR GENERAL INSPECTOR CENTER TRAINING FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT DEPUTY DEPUTY (Tax Policy) ASSISTANT ASSISTANT SECRETARY (Tax Analysis) SECRETARY (Tax Policy) ASSISTANT SECRETARY U.S. SECRET SERVICE (Law Trade FOR CRIMES DEPUTY DEPUTY NETWORK FINANCIAL Tariff, and DIRECTOR, (Regulatory, ASSISTANT ASSISTANT Enforcement) Enforcement) SECRETARY SECRETARY ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANT SECRETARY (Enforcement) ENFORCEMENT U.S. UNDER SECRETARY SERVICE CUSTOMS Policy) Policy) Financial DEPUTY DEPUTY (Financial Institutions ASSISTANT (Government SECRETARY ASSISTANT (Financial SECRETARY Institutions) ASSISTANT SECRETARY ALCOHOL, FIREARMS BUREAU OF TOBACCO AND FOR FISCAL (Federal Finance) DEPUTY DEPUTY DOMESTIC FINANCE UNDER SECRETARY SECRETARY FISCAL TREASURY BUREAUS ASSISTANT ASSISTANT SECRETARY SECRETARY DEPUTY SECRETARY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE BUREAU PUBLIC DEBT (Policy (Policy (Macro- Analysis) DEPUTY DEPUTY Analysis) DEPUTY economic Policy) ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT SERVICE Coordination) SECRETARY SECRETARY DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT SECRETARY (Economic FINANCIAL ASSISTANT SECRETARY MANAGEMENT (Public Affairs) DEPUTY ASSISTANT THRIFT SECRETARY OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY (Public Affairs) SUPERVISION (Public Liaison) Budget) DEPUTY DEPUTY (Tax and (Finance) DEPUTY OF THE Liaison) ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT SECRETARY SECRETARY SECRETARY CURRENCY (Legislative ASSISTANT SECRETARY OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER Affairs & Public EXECUTIVE SECRETARY CHIEF OF STAFF Policy) Policy) Union) Policy) Policy) Nations) (Eastern DEPUTY FOR DEPUTY Financial DEPUTY DEPUTY DEPUTY DEPUTY Debt, and Affairs) (Trade and Investment (Developing and Energy Europe and ASSISTANT (International ASSISTANT (Middle East ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT (International Development, SECRETARY SECRETARY Environmental SECRETARY SECRETARY SECRETARY SECRETARY Monetary and Former Soviet ASSISTANT (International SECRETARY UNDER SECRETARY INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DEPUTY GENERAL COUNSEL GENERAL COUNSEL LEGAL DIVISION Assistant Secretary (Management) is the Chief Financial Officer (CFO). 1

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 449 as a member of the National Economic activities in the areas of financial Council and as U.S. Governor of the institutions, Federal debt finance, International Monetary Fund, the financial regulation, and capital markets. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Inter-American Under Secretary for Enforcement Development Bank, and the African The Office of the Under Secretary for Development Bank. The Office of the Enforcement was established in fiscal Secretary includes the offices of Deputy year 1994 to promote and protect the Secretary, General Counsel, Inspector Treasury Department’s enforcement General, the Under Secretaries, the interest, to effect an equalization across Assistant Secretaries, and Treasurer. other departmental secretariats as they Some offices whose public purposes are deal on enforcement issues. broadly applied are detailed further. Assistant Secretaries Deputy Secretary Economic Policy The Office of the The Office of the Deputy Secretary Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy assists the Secretary in the supervision informs the Secretary and other senior and direction of the Department and its Treasury officials of current and assigned programs. The Deputy Secretary prospective economic developments and acts for the Secretary in his absence and assists in the determination of serves as a member of the National appropriate economic policies. The Economic Council. Office: —reviews and analyzes both domestic Under Secretary for International and international economic issues, as Affairs well as developments in the financial The Office of the Under Secretary for markets; International Affairs advises and assists —participates with the Secretary in the the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Economic Policy Council and the Troika the Treasury in the formulation and Forecasting Group, which develops execution of U.S. international policy, official economic projections and including the development of policies advises the President on choices among and guidance of Department activities in alternative courses of economic policy; the areas of international, financial, and —works closely with officials of the economic, and monetary affairs; trade Office of Management and Budget, the and investment policy; international Council of Economic Advisers, and other debt, environmental, and energy policy; Government agencies on the economic and U.S. participation in international forecasts underlying the yearly budget financial institutions. The Office assists process, and advises the Secretary on the in coordinating U.S. economic policy economic effects of tax and budget with finance ministries of the other G–7 policy. industrial nations and in preparing the Within the Office of Economic Policy, President for the annual economic staff support is provided by the Office of summits. Financial Analysis, the Office of Special Studies, the Office of Monetary Policy Under Secretary for Domestic Analysis, and the Applied Econometric Finance Staff. Office of the the Under Secretary for Enforcement The Office of the Domestic Finance advises and assists the Assistant Secretary for Enforcement Secretary and Deputy Secretary of the coordinates Treasury law enforcement Treasury in the areas of domestic matters, including the formulation of finance, banking, and other related policies for Treasury enforcement economic matters. These responsibilities activities, and cooperates on law include the development of policies and enforcement matters with other Federal guidance for Treasury Department agencies. It oversees the U.S. Secret 450 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Service; U.S. Customs Service; Federal affairs. This includes the administration Law Enforcement Training Center; of Treasury financing operations; Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and management of Treasury’s cash balances Firearms; Office of Financial in tax and loan investment accounts in Enforcement; and Office of Foreign commercial financial institutions and Assets Control. operating balances with Federal Reserve The important missions of protecting Banks; and the Department’s the President and other high participation in the Joint Financial Government officials and preventing Management Improvement Program for counterfeiting of U.S. currency and theft improvement of accounting in the and forgery of Government securities Federal Government. Supervision and and checks are entrusted to the U.S. oversight over the functions and Secret Service. activities of the Financial Management The U.S. Customs Service collects Service and the Bureau of the Public revenue from imports and enforces the Debt are also provided. customs laws. In addition, it interdicts The Office is responsible for improved contraband, including narcotics, along cash management, debt collection, and the land and sea borders of the United credit administration on a States. Governmentwide basis under the The Federal Law Enforcement Training umbrella of the Administration’s Reform Center provides law enforcement ’88 initiative. training for personnel of Federal The Office: agencies. —acts as liaison between the Secretary The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and and other Government agencies with Firearms is charged with collecting respect to their financial operations; excise taxes on alcoholic beverages and —manages the cash position of the tobacco products; suppressing traffic in Treasury and projects and monitors illicit distilled spirits and illegal use of ‘‘debt subject-to-limit;’’ explosives; and controlling the sale and —directs the performance of the fiscal registration of firearms. agency functions of the Federal Reserve The Office of Financial Enforcement Banks; assists in implementing the Bank Secrecy —conducts governmentwide Act and administering related Treasury accounting and cash management regulations. activities; The Office of Foreign Assets Control —exercises supervision over assists U.S. foreign policy aims by depositories of the United States; and controlling assets in the United States of —provides management overview of ‘‘blocked’’ countries and the flow of investment practices for Government funds and trade to them. trust and other accounts. Financial Institutions The Office of the General Counsel The General Counsel Assistant Secretary for Financial is the chief law officer of the Department Institutions advises and assists the and serves as the senior legal advisor to Secretary, the Deputy Secretary, and the the Secretary, Deputy Secretary, and Under Secretary for Domestic Finance other senior Department officials. on all matters relating to financial Responsibilities of the Office of General institutions. It exercises policy direction Counsel include consideration of legal and control over Department activities issues relating to broad policy aspects of relating to the substance of proposed management of the public debt; legislation pertaining to the general administration of internal revenue and activities and regulation of private tariff laws; international cooperation in financial intermediaries, and Department the monetary and financial fields; activities relating to other Federal implementation of economic sanctions; regulatory agencies. development and review of legislation Fiscal Affairs The Office of the Fiscal and regulations; management issues such Assistant Secretary supervises the as personnel, procurement, and ethics; administration of the Government’s fiscal and law enforcement affairs. All legal DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 451 counsels of Department bureaus report Chairman of the U.S.-Saudi Arabian Joint to the General Counsel. Commission on Economic Cooperation, International Affairs The Office of the co-Chairman of the U.S.-China Joint Assistant Secretary for International Economic Committee, and Chairman of Affairs advises and assists the Secretary, the National Advisory Council on Deputy Secretary, and Under Secretary International Monetary and Financial for International Affairs in the Policies. formulation and execution of policies Tax Policy The Office of the Assistant dealing with international financial, Secretary for Tax Policy advises and economic, monetary, trade, investment, assists the Secretary and the Deputy environmental, and energy policies and Secretary in the formulation and programs. The work of the Office is execution of domestic and international organized into groups responsible for tax policies and programs. monetary and financial policy; These functions, carried out by international development, debt, and supporting staff offices, include: environmental policy; trade and investment policy; economic and —analysis of proposed tax legislation financial technical assistance; and and tax programs; geographical areas (Asia, the Americas, —projections of economic trends Africa, Eurasia, and the Middle East). affecting tax bases; These functions are performed by —studies of effects of alternative tax supporting staff offices, which: measures; —conduct financial diplomacy with —preparation of official estimates of industrial and developing nations and Government receipts for the President’s regions; annual budget messages; —work toward improving the structure and operations of the international —legal advice and analysis on monetary system; domestic and international tax matters; —monitor developments in foreign —assistance in the development and exchange and other markets and official review of tax legislation and domestic operations affecting those markets; and international tax regulations and —facilitate structural monetary rulings; and cooperation through the International —participation in international tax Monetary Fund and other channels; treaty negotiations and in maintenance —oversee U.S. participation in the of relations with international multilateral development banks and organizations on tax matters. coordinate U.S. policies and operations Treasurer of the United States The relating to bilateral and multilateral Office of the Treasurer of the United development lending programs and States was established on September 6, institutions; —formulate policy concerning 1777. The Treasurer was originally financing of trade; charged with the receipt and custody of —coordinate policies toward foreign Government funds, but many of these investments in the United States and functions have been assumed by U.S. investments abroad; and different bureaus of the Department of —analyze balance of payments and the Treasury. In 1981, the Treasurer was other basic financial and economic data, assigned responsibility for oversight of including energy data, affecting world the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and payment patterns and the world the United States Mint. The Treasurer economic outlook. reports to the Secretary through the As part of those functions, the Office Assistant Secretary for Management/Chief supports the Secretary in his role as co- Financial Officer.

For further information concerning the Departmental Offices, contact the Public Affairs Office, Department of the Treasury, 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20220. Phone, 202–622–2960. 452 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms

The mission of the Bureau of Alcohol, In partnership with Federal, State, and Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) is to reduce local law enforcement agencies, ATF violent crime, collect revenue, and criminal enforcement works to reduce protect the public through criminal law crime and violence. The objectives of its enforcement, regulatory enforcement, criminal enforcement activities are to: and tax collection. —suppress illegal trafficking, The Bureau was established by possession, and use of firearms, Department of Treasury Order No. 221, destructive devices, and explosives; effective July 1, 1972, which transferred —investigate acts of arson; the functions, powers, and duties arising —investigate narcotics traffickers who under laws relating to alcohol, tobacco, use firearms and explosives as tools of firearms, and explosives from the their trade, especially violent gangs; and Internal Revenue Service to the Bureau. —suppress interstate trafficking of On December 5, 1978, Department of illicit distilled spirits and contraband Treasury Order No. 120–1 assigned to cigarettes. ATF the responsibility of enforcing The objectives of ATF regulatory chapter 114 of title 18 of the United enforcement activities are to: States Code (18 U.S.C. 2341 et seq.) —determine and ensure full collection relating to interstate trafficking in contraband cigarettes. With passage of of revenue due from legal alcohol, the Anti-Arson Act of 1982, ATF was tobacco, firearms, and ammunition given the additional responsibility of manufacturing industries; addressing commercial arson —fulfill the Bureau’s responsibility in nationwide. ATF is also responsible for ensuring product integrity and in enforcing the provisions of the Brady law preventing commercial bribery, (107 Stat. 1536), which was enacted in consumer deception, and other improper 1993. trade practices in the beverage alcohol The Bureau Headquarters is located in industry; Washington, DC, but since the Bureau is —assist other Federal, State, and local decentralized, most of its personnel are government agencies in the resolution of stationed throughout the country where problems relating to revenue protection; many of its operational functions are —ensure that persons prohibited by performed. law from manufacturing, importing, or ATF is responsible for enforcing and dealing in alcohol, tobacco, firearms, administering firearms and explosives and explosives do not obtain a license or laws, as well as those covering the permit; production, taxation, and distribution of —ensure that storage facilities for alcohol and tobacco products. The explosives are safe, secure, and do not Bureau’s objectives are to maximize present a hazard to the public; and compliance with and investigate —ensure that an audit trail is violations of these laws. To achieve preserved to permit the tracing of these goals, ATF is divided into two firearms used in the commission of basic functions: criminal enforcement crimes and provide for full and regulatory enforcement. accountability for explosive materials. District OfficesÐRegulatory Enforcement

District Address/Telephone Director

MIDWESTÐIL, IN, KY, MI, Suite 310, 300 S. Riverside Plz., Chicago, IL 60606±6616. Candace E. Moberly MN, ND, OH, SD, WV, WI Phone, 312±353±1967 NORTH ATLANTICÐCT, DC, Rm. 620, 6 World Trade Ctr., New York, NY 10048. Phone, (Vacancy) DE, MA, MD, ME, NH, NJ, 212±264±2328 NY, PA, RI, VT SOUTHEASTÐAL, FL, GA, Suite 300, 2600 Century Pkwy., Atlanta, GA 30345. Phone, (Vacancy) MS, NC, PR, SC, TN, VA, VI 404±679±5001 DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 453

District OfficesÐRegulatory Enforcement—Continued

District Address/Telephone Director

SOUTHWESTÐAR, AZ, CO, 7th Fl., 1114 Commerce St., Dallas, TX 75242. Phone, 214± (Vacancy) IA, KS, LA, MO, NE, NM, 767±2280 OK, TX WESTERNÐAK, AS, CA, GU, 11th Fl., 221 Main St., San Francisco, CA 94105. Phone, 415± Victoria J. Renneckar HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, Pacific 744±7013 Islands, UT, WA, WY

Field Division OfficesÐOffice of Enforcement

Special Agent in Field Division Address Charge Telephone

Atlanta, GA ...... Suite 406, 101 Marietta St. NW., 30303 ...... John C. Killorin ...... 404±331±6526 Baltimore, MD ...... 6th Fl., 22 S. Howard St., 21201 ...... M. Stewart Allen ...... 410±962±0897 Birmingham, AL ... Suite 400, 1910 3d Ave. N., 35203±3502 ...... James Cavanaugh ...... 205±731±1205 Boston, MA ...... Rm. 253, 10 Causeway St., 02222±1047 ...... Jeffrey R. Roehm ...... 617±565±7042 Charlotte, NC ...... Suite 400, 4530 Park Rd., 28209 ...... Mark Logan ...... 704±344±6125 Chicago, IL ...... Suite 350 S., 300 S. Riverside Plz., 60606 ...... David L. Benton ...... 312±353±6935 Dallas, TX ...... Suite 2550, 1200 Main Twr. Bldg., 75250 ...... Lester D. Martz ...... 214±767±2250 Detroit, MI ...... Suite 300, 1155 Brewery Park Blvd., 48207±2602 ...... Stanley Zimmerman ...... 313±393±6000 Houston, TX ...... Suite 210, 15355 Vantage Pkwy. W., 77032 ...... Richard W. Haynes ...... 713±449±2073 Kansas City, MO Suite 200, 2600 Grand Ave., 64108 ...... James R. Switzer ...... 816±421±3440 Los Angeles, CA .. Suite 800, 350 S. Figueroa St., 90071 ...... Bernard H. LaForest ...... 213±894±4812 Louisville, KY ...... Suite 322, 600 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Pl., 40202 ...... James L. Brown ...... 502±582±5211 Miami, FL ...... Suite 120, 8420 NW. 52d St., 33166 ...... Jimmy Wooten ...... 305±597±4800 Nashville, TN ...... Suite 215A, 215 Centerview Dr., Brentwood, 37027 ...... Richard L. Garner ...... 615±781±5364 New Orleans, LA Suite 1050, 111 Veterans Blvd., Metairie, 70005 ...... Robert Stellingworth ...... 504±589±2048 New York, NY ...... Rm. 238, 6 World Trade Ctr., 10048 ...... Henry J. Ballas ...... 212±466±5145 Philadelphia, PA .. Rm. 504, 2d & Chestnut Sts., 19106 ...... Robert H. Wall ...... 215±597±7266 Phoenix, AZ ...... Suite 1010, 3003 N. Central Ave., 85012 ...... Christopher P. Sadowski 602±640±2840 San Francisco, CA Suite 1250, 221 Main St., 94105 ...... Paul M. Snabel ...... 415±744±7001 Seattle, WA ...... Rm. 806, 915 2d Ave., 98174 ...... Margaret M. Moore ...... 206±220±6440 Washington, DC .. Suite 620, 607 14th St. NW., 20005 ...... Charles R. Thomson ...... 202±219±7751

For further information, contact the Office of Liaison and Public Information, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. Phone, 202–927–8500. Internet, http://www.atf.treas.gov/.

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

[For the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency action—such as bank closures—against statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 12, Part 4] banks that are not in compliance with laws and regulations; and issue rules, The Office of the Comptroller of the regulations, and interpretations on Currency (OCC) was created February banking practices. 25, 1863 (12 Stat. 665), as a bureau of the Department of the Treasury. Its The Office supervises approximately primary mission is to regulate national 2,900 national banks, including their banks. The Office is headed by the trust activities and overseas operations. Comptroller, who is appointed for a 5- Each bank is examined annually through year term by the President with the a nationwide staff of approximately advice and consent of the Senate. By 1,700 bank examiners supervised in 6 statute, the Comptroller also serves a district offices. The Office is concurrent term as Director of the independently funded through Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). assessments of the assets of national The Office regulates national banks by banks. its power to examine banks; approve or deny applications for new bank charters, branches, or mergers; take enforcement 454 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For further information, contact the Communications Division, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Department of the Treasury, 250 E Street SW., Washington, DC 20219. Phone, 202–874–4700.

United States Customs Service

The fifth act of the first Congress, passed suppressing the traffic of illegal narcotics on July 31, 1789 (1 Stat. 29), established and pornography; customs districts and authorized customs —enforces export control laws and officers to collect duties on goods, intercepts illegal high-technology and wares, and merchandise imposed by the weapons exports; second act of the first Congress, dated —enforces reporting requirements of July 4, 1789 (1 Stat. 24). The Bureau of the Bank Secrecy Act; and Customs was established as a separate —collects international trade statistics. agency under the Treasury Department Also, Customs enforces a wide range on March 3, 1927 (19 U.S.C. 2071) and, of requirements to protect the public, effective August 1, 1973, was such as auto safety and emission control redesignated the United States Customs standards, radiation and radioactive Service by Treasury Department Order material standards; counterfeit monetary 165–23 of April 4, 1973. instruments; flammable fabric The Customs Service enforces customs restrictions; animal and plant quarantine and related laws and collects the requirements; and food, drug, and revenue from imports. Customs also hazardous substance prohibitions. administers the Tariff Act of 1930, as Customs is extensively involved with amended (19 U.S.C. 1654), and other outside commercial and policy customs laws. Some of the organizations and trade associations, and responsibilities that Customs is with international organizations and specifically charged with are: foreign customs services. Customs is a —interdicting and seizing contraband, member of the multinational World including narcotics and illegal drugs; Customs Organization, the Cabinet —assessing and collecting customs Committee to Combat Terrorism, and the duties, excise taxes, fees, and penalties International Narcotics Control Program. due on imported merchandise; In addition, Customs participates in and —processing persons, carriers, cargo, supports the activities and programs of and mail into and out of the United various international organizations and States; agreements, including the World Trade —administering certain navigation Organization, the International Civil laws; and Aviation Organization, and the —detecting and apprehending persons Organization of American States (OAS). engaged in fraudulent practices designed Headquarters of the U.S. Customs to circumvent customs and related laws; Service is located in Washington, DC, copyright, patent, and trademark under the supervision of the provisions; quotas; and marking Commissioner of Customs, who is requirements for imported merchandise. appointed by the President and As the principal border enforcement confirmed by the Senate. agency, Customs’ mission has been The 50 States, plus the Virgin Islands extended over the years to assisting in and Puerto Rico, are divided into 20 the administration and enforcement of customs management center areas, some 400 provisions of law on behalf of under which there are approximately more than 40 Government agencies. 300 ports of entry. Today, in addition to enforcing the Tariff The foreign field offices of the Act of 1930 and other customs statutes, Customs Service are located in Bangkok, the Customs Service: Beijing, Bonn, Brussels, Caracas, —cooperates with other Federal Hermosillo, Hong Kong, London, agencies and foreign governments in Merida, Mexico City, Milan, Monterrey, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 455

Montevideo, Ottawa, Panama City, Paris, The Customs Service also operates a Rome, Seoul, Singapore, Tokyo, Vienna, Canine Enforcement Training Center at and The Hague. An attache´ represents Front Royal, VA. U.S. Customs in the U.S. Mission to the European Communities in Brussels. Customs Management CentersÐU.S. Customs Service

District Offices Address Director Telephone

Mid America/Chicago ...... Suite 900, 610 S. Canal St., Chicago, IL Garnet Fee ...... 312±353±4733 60607. East Texas/Houston ...... Suite 1200, 2323 S. Shepard St., Houston, TX Robert Trotter ...... 713±313±2841 77019. Southern California/San Diego .. Suite 1200, 610 W. Ash St., San Diego, CA Rudy Camacho ...... 619±557±5455 92101. North Pacific/Portland ...... Rm. 592, 511 NW. Broadway, Portland, OR Lois Fields ...... 503±326±7625 97209. Mid Pacific/San Francisco ...... Suite 1501, 33 New Montgomery St., San Paul Andrews ...... 415±744±7700 Francisco, CA 94105. Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands ..... Rm. 203, 1 La Puntilla St., Old San Juan, PR Alfonso Robles ...... 787±729±6950 00901. West Great Lakes/Detroit ...... Suite 310, 613 Abbott St., Detroit, MI 48226 ... William Morandini ..... 313±226±2955 South Texas/Laredo ...... P.O. Box 3130, Laredo, TX 78044±3130 ...... Maria Reba ...... 210±718±4161 Arizona/Tucson ...... Suite 310, 4740 N. Oracle Rd., Tucson, AZ Donna De La Torre 520±670±5900 85705. South Atlantic/Atlanta ...... Suite 270, 1691 Phoenix Blvd., College Park, Mamie Pollock ...... 770±994±2306 GA 30349. Northwest Great Plains/Seattle Rm. 2200, 1000 2d Ave., Seattle, WA 98104 Thomas Hardy ...... 206±553±6944 West Texas/El Paso ...... Suite 104, 9400 Viscount Blvd., El Paso, TX Gundit Dhillon ...... 915±540±5800 79925. North Florida/Tampa ...... Suite 301, 1624 E. 7th Avenue, Tampa, FL Diane Zwicker ...... 813±228±2381 33605. Mid Atlantic/Baltimore ...... Suite 208, 103 S. Gay St., Baltimore, MD Steven Knox ...... 410±962±6200 21202. New York/New York ...... Rm. 716, 6 World Trade Ctr., New York, NY Anthony Liberta ...... 212±466±4444 10048. Gulf/New Orleans ...... Rm. 337, 423 Canal St., New Orleans, LA J. Robert Grimes ...... 504±589±6324 70130±2341. North Atlantic/Boston ...... Rm. 801, 10 Causeway St., Boston, MA Philip Spayd ...... 617±565±6210 02222±1056. East Great Lakes/Buffalo ...... 4455 Genessa St., Buffalo, NY 14225 ...... Richard McMullen ..... 716±626±0400 South Florida/Miami ...... Suite 980, 909 SE. 1st Ave., Miami, FL 33131 D. Lynn Gordon ...... 305±536±6600 South Pacific/Los Angeles ...... Rm. 705, 1 World Trade Ctr., Long Beach, CA John Heinrich ...... 310±980±3100 90831.

For further information, contact the U.S. Customs Service, Department of the Treasury, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20229. Phone, 202–927–6724.

Bureau of Engraving and Printing

The Bureau of Engraving and Printing Treasury and reports to the Treasurer of operates on basic authorities conferred the United States. by act of July 11, 1862 (31 U.S.C. 303) At the Bureau of Engraving and and additional authorities contained in Printing, the timeless artistry of the past appropriations made to the Bureau engraver is combined with the most that are still in force. A working capital technologically advanced printing fund was established in accordance with equipment to produce United States the provisions of section 2 of the act of securities. The Bureau designs, prints, August 4, 1950, as amended (31 U.S.C. and finishes all of the Nation’s paper currency (Federal Reserve notes), as well 5142), which placed the Bureau on a as U.S. postage stamps, Treasury completely reimbursable basis. The securities, certificates, and other security Bureau is headed by a Director, who is products, including White House appointed by the Secretary of the invitations and military identification 456 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL cards. It also is responsible for advising require security or counterfeit-deterrence and assisting Federal agencies in the characteristics. design and production of other The Bureau operates two facilities: the Government documents that, because of headquarters in Washington, DC, and a their innate value or for other reasons, second currency manufacturing plant in Fort Worth, TX.

For further information, contact the Office of Communications, Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Department of the Treasury, Room 533M, Fourteenth and C Streets SW., Washington, DC 20228. Phone, 202–874–3019.

Federal Law Enforcement Training Center

The Federal Law Enforcement Training enforcement, and several instructor Center was established by Treasury training courses. In addition to the basic Department Order No. 217, effective and common advanced programs, the March 2, 1970; and reaffirmed by Center provides the facilities and support Treasury Department Order No. 140–01 services for participating organizations to of September 20, 1994. conduct advanced training for their own The Federal Law Enforcement Training law enforcement personnel. The Center Center is headed by a Director, who is offers selective, highly specialized appointed by the Secretary of the training programs to State and local Treasury. The Center conducts officers as an aid in deterring crime. operations at its training facility located These programs include a variety of at Glynco, GA. The Center also areas such as fraud and financial maintains a Washington, DC, office at investigations, marine law enforcement, 650 Massachusetts Avenue NW., arson for profit, international banking/ Washington, DC 20226 (phone, 202– money laundering, and criminal 927–8940). In addition, the Center has a intelligence analyst training. satellite operation located at Artesia, NM The Center develops the curriculum 88210 (phone, 505–748–8000). content and training techniques for The Center is an interagency training recruit training, and advises and assists facility serving over 72 Federal law the participating organizations in enforcement organizations. The major producing, formulating, and operating training effort is in the area of basic specialized training materials and programs to teach common areas of law equipment. enforcement skills to police and Administrative and financial activities investigative personnel. The Center also are supervised by the Department of the conducts advanced programs in areas of Treasury. However, training policy, common need, such as white-collar programs, criteria, and standards are crime, the use of microcomputers as an governed by the interagency Board of investigative tool, advanced law Directors, comprised of senior officials enforcement photography, international from eight departments and independent banking/money laundering, marine law agencies.

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Office, Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, Department of the Treasury, Glynco, GA 31524. Phone, 912–267–2447. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 457 Financial Management Service

The mission of the Financial Government disbursing officers, receives Management Service (FMS) is to improve and examines claims for checks that are the quality of Government financial cashed under forged endorsements or management. Its commitment and that are lost, stolen, or destroyed; and responsibility is to help its Government issues new checks on approved claims. customers achieve success. It serves The Service uses two electronic funds- taxpayers, the Treasury Department, transfer methods: the automated Federal program agencies, and clearinghouses—for recurring payments Government policymakers by linking such as Government benefits and program and financial management salaries—and wire transfers through the objectives and by providing financial Fedline System. The latter is a computer- services, information, and advice to its to-computer link with the Federal customers. Reserve System that allows for the Working Capital Management The electronic transfer of funds to virtually Service is responsible for programs to any financial institution in the United improve cash management, credit States. management, debt collection, and Collections The Service supervises the financial management systems collection of Government receipts and Governmentwide. For cash management, operates and maintains the systems for the Service issues guidelines and collecting these receipts. The Service is regulations and assists other agencies in working with all Federal agencies to managing financial transactions to improve the availability of collected maximize investment earnings and funds and the reporting of collection reduce the interest costs of borrowed information to Treasury. Current funds. For credit management, the collection systems include the Electronic Service issues guidelines and regulations and assists program agencies with Federal Tax Payment System, the management of credit activities, Treasury General Account System, the including loan programs, to improve all Treasury Tax and Loan System for parts of the credit cycle, such as credit withholding and other Federal tax extension, loan servicing, debt deposits, and the Treasury National collection, and write-off procedures. The Automated Lockbox System for Service is presently working with other accelerating the processing of agency agencies to improve financial receipts. management systems and the way Central Accounting and Reporting The Government handles its payments, Service maintains a central system that collections, and receivables, and to take accounts for the monetary assets and advantage of new automation liabilities of the Treasury and tracks technology. Government collection and payment Payments The Service issues operations. Periodic reports are prepared approximately 400 million Treasury to show budget results, the checks and close to 450 million Government’s overall financial status, electronic fund transfer payments and other financial operations. These annually for Federal salaries and wages, reports include the Daily Treasury payments to suppliers of goods and Statement, the Monthly Treasury services to the Federal Government, Statement, the Quarterly Treasury income tax refunds, and payments under Bulletin, the annual Treasury Report, and major Government programs such as the annual Treasury Consolidated social security and veterans’ benefits. Financial Statement. The Service pays all Treasury checks and reconciles them against the accounts of 458 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Disbursing CentersÐFinancial Management Service

Center/Address Director

Austin, TX (1619 Woodward St., 78741) ...... Gordon Hickam Birmingham, AL (190 Vulcan Rd., 35209) ...... Andy Wilson Chicago, IL (536 S. Clark St., 60605) ...... Ollice C. Holden Kansas City, MO (4241 NE. 34th St., 64117) ...... John H. Adams Philadelphia, PA (13000 Townsend Rd., 19154) ...... Michael Colarusso San Francisco, CA (390 Main St., 94105) ...... Philip Belisle

For further information, contact the Office of Legislative and Public Affairs, Financial Management Service, Department of the Treasury, Room 555, 401 Fourteenth Street SW., Washington, DC 20227. Phone, 202– 874–6740.

Internal Revenue Service

The Office of the Commissioner of The source of most revenues collected Internal Revenue was established by act is the individual income tax and the of July 1, 1862 (26 U.S.C. 7802). social insurance and retirement taxes, The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is with other major sources being the responsible for administering and corporation income, excise, estate, and enforcing the internal revenue laws and gift taxes. Congress first received related statutes, except those relating to alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and authority to levy taxes on the income of explosives. Its mission is to collect the individuals and corporations in 1913, proper amount of tax revenue at the pursuant to the 16th amendment of the least cost to the public, and in a manner Constitution. that warrants the highest degree of public confidence in the Service’s Organization integrity, efficiency, and fairness. To achieve that purpose, the Service: Service organization is designed for —strives to achieve the highest maximum decentralization, consistent possible degree of voluntary compliance with the need for uniform interpretation in accordance with the tax laws and of the tax laws and efficient utilization of regulations; resources. There are three organizational —advises the public of their rights and levels: the National Office; the Regional responsibilities; Offices; and the District Offices and —determines the extent of compliance Service Centers. Districts may have local and the causes of noncompliance; offices, the number and location of —properly administers and enforces the tax laws; and which are determined by taxpayer and —continually searches for and agency needs. implements new, more efficient ways of Headquarters Organization The accomplishing its mission. National Office, located in Washington, Basic activities include: DC, develops nationwide policies and —ensuring satisfactory resolution of programs for the administration of the taxpayer complaints, providing taxpayer internal revenue laws and provides service and education; overall direction to the field —determining, assessing, and organization. Also assigned to the collecting internal revenue taxes; National Office are the Martinsburg —determining pension plan Computing Center in Martinsburg, WV; qualifications and exempt organization the Detroit Computing Center in Detroit, status; and —preparing and issuing rulings and MI; and the 10 Service Centers (located regulations to supplement the provisions in various States across the country). of the Internal Revenue Code. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 459

Field Organization Regional Offices There are four Regional Offices, each headed by a As IRS is a decentralized organization, Regional Commissioner, which supervise most agency personnel and activities are and evaluate the operations of District assigned to field installations. Offices. Regional OfficesÐInternal Revenue Service

Region Address Commissioner

NORTHEASTÐCT, MA, ME, MI, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, 90 Church St., New York, NY 10007 Herma Hightower RI, VT SOUTHEASTÐAL, DE, FL, GA, IN, KY, LA, MD, MS, 401 W. Peachtree St. NE., Atlanta, GA Robert T. Johnson NC, SC, TN, VA, WV 30365 MIDSTATESÐAR, IA, IL, KS, MN, MO, NE, ND, OK, 4050 Alpha Rd., Dallas, TX 75244±4203 Gary O. Booth SD, TX, WI WESTERNÐAK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NV, NM, 1650 Mission St., San Francisco, CA Marilyn W. Day OR, UT, WA, WY 94103

District Offices There are 33 Internal returns and taxes, and investigation of Revenue districts, each administered by criminal and civil violations of internal a District Director. Districts may revenue laws (except those relating to encompass several States, an entire State, alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and or a certain number of counties within a explosives). Directors are responsible for State, depending on population. the deposit of taxes collected by the Programs of the District include taxpayer District and for initial processing of service, examination, collection, criminal original applications for admission to investigation, and, in some districts, practice before the Internal Revenue pension plans and exempt organizations. Service and renewal issuances for those Functions performed are: assistance and practitioners already enrolled. Local service to taxpayers, determination of tax offices are established to meet taxpayer liability by examination of tax returns, needs and agency workload determination of pension plan qualification, collection of delinquent requirements. District OfficesÐInternal Revenue Service

District Address Director

ALABAMA ...... 600 S. Maestri Pl., New Orleans, LA 70130 ...... Richard F. Moran ALASKA ...... 915 2d Ave., Seattle, WA 98174 ...... J. Paul Beene ARIZONA ...... 210 E. Earll Dr., Phoenix, 85012 ...... Mark D. Cox ARKANSAS ...... 55 N. Robinson St., Oklahoma City, OK 73102 ...... Kenneth J. Sawyer CALIFORNIA: Laguna Niguel ...... 24000 Avila Rd., 92677 ...... Marilyn A. Soulsburg Los Angeles ...... 300 N. Los Angeles St., 90012 ...... Steven A. Jensen Sacramento/San Francisco ...... Suite 1600 S, 1301 Clay St., Oakland, 94612 ...... Robert D. AhNee San Jose ...... 55 S. Market St., 95103 ...... Billy J. Brown COLORADO ...... 600 17th St., Denver, 80202±2490 ...... Wally Hutton CONNECTICUT ...... 135 High St., Hartford, 06103 ...... Richard L. McCleary DELAWARE ...... 31 Hopkins Plz., Baltimore, MD 21201 ...... Paul M. Harrington DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ...... 31 Hopkins Plz., Baltimore, MD 21201 ...... Paul M. Harrington FLORIDA: Fort Lauderdale ...... 1 N. University Dr., Bldg. B, 33318 ...... Bruce R. Thomas Jacksonville ...... 400 W. Bay St., 32202 ...... Henry O. Lamar, Jr. GEORGIA ...... 401 W. Peachtree St. NW., Atlanta, 30385 ...... Nelson A. Brooke HAWAII ...... 915 2d Ave., Seattle, WA 98174 ...... J. Paul Beene IDAHO ...... 600 17th St., Denver, CO 80202±2490 ...... Wally Hutton ILLINOIS ...... Suite 2890, 230 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, 60604 ...... Robert W. Brock INDIANA ...... 575 N. Pennsylvania St., Indianapolis, 46204 ...... David B. Palmer IOWA ...... 310 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53203±2221 .... Robert E. Brazzil KANSAS ...... Suite 2300, 1222 Spruce St., St. Louis, MO 63103 ...... Ronald J. Lambert KENTUCKY ...... 801 Broadway, Nashville, TN 37202 ...... John C. Stocker LOUISIANA ...... 600 S. Maestri Pl., New Orleans, 70130 ...... Richard F. Moran MAINE ...... JFK Federal Bldg., Boston, MA 02203 ...... Stephen L. Daige MARYLAND ...... 31 Hopkins Plz., Baltimore, 21201 ...... Paul M. Harrington MASSACHUSETTS ...... JFK Federal Bldg., Boston, 02203 ...... Stephen L. Daige MICHIGAN ...... Suite 2483, 477 Michigan Ave., Detroit, 48226 ...... Arlene G. Kay MINNESOTA ...... 316 N. Robert St., St. Paul, 55101 ...... Thomas E. Palmer, Acting MISSISSIPPI ...... 600 S. Maestri Pl., New Orleans, LA 70130 ...... Richard F. Moran 460 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

District OfficesÐInternal Revenue Service—Continued

District Address Director

MISSOURI ...... 55 N. Robinson St., Oklahoma City, OK 73102 ...... Ronald J. Lambert MONTANA ...... 600 17th St., Denver, CO 80202±2490 ...... Wally Hutton NEBRASKA ...... 310 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53203±2221 .... Robert E. Brazzil NEVADA ...... 210 E. Earll Dr., Phoenix, AZ 85012 ...... Mark D. Cox NEW HAMPSHIRE ...... JFK Federal Bldg., Boston, MA 02203 ...... Stephen L. Daige NEW JERSEY ...... 970 Broad St., Newark, 07102 ...... Frank P. Nixon NEW MEXICO ...... 210 E. Earll Dr., Phoenix, AZ 85012 ...... Mark D. Cox NEW YORK: Albany/Buffalo ...... 111 W. Huron St., Buffalo, 14202 ...... Charles W. Peterson Brooklyn ...... Suite 10, 625 Fulton St., 11201 ...... Herbert J. Huff Manhattan ...... 290 Broadway, New York, 10007 ...... Napoleon S. Avery, Acting NORTH CAROLINA ...... 320 Federal Pl., Greensboro, 27401 ...... J.R. (Bob) Starkey NORTH DAKOTA ...... 316 N. Robert St., St. Paul, MN 55101 ...... Thomas E. Palmer, Acting OHIO ...... Suite 5106, 550 Main St., Cincinnati, 45202 ...... C. Ashley Bullard OKLAHOMA ...... 55 N. Robinson St., Oklahoma City, 73102 ...... Kenneth J. Sawyer OREGON ...... 915 2d Ave., Seattle, WA 98174 ...... J. Paul Beene PENNSYLVANIA ...... 600 Arch St., Philadelphia, 19106 ...... Darlene R. Berthod PUERTO RICO ...... Stop 271¤2, Ponce de Leon Ave., Hato Rey, 00917 ...... Robert Keller RHODE ISLAND ...... 135 High St., Hartford, CT 06103 ...... Richard L. McCleary SOUTH CAROLINA ...... 320 Federal Pl., Greensboro, NC, 27401 ...... J.R. (Bob) Starkey SOUTH DAKOTA ...... 316 N. Robert St., St. Paul, MN 55101 ...... Thomas E. Palmer, Acting TENNESSEE ...... 801 Broadway, Nashville, 37203 ...... John C. Stocker TEXAS: Austin ...... 300 E. 8th St., 78701 ...... Pamela Bigelow Dallas ...... 1100 Commerce St., 75242 ...... Bobby E. Scott Houston ...... 1919 Smith St., 77002 ...... James J. Walsh UTAH ...... 600 17th St., Denver, CO 80202±2490 ...... Wally Hutton VERMONT ...... JFK Federal Bldg., Boston, MA 02203 ...... Stephen L. Daige VIRGINIA ...... 400 N. 8th St., Richmond, 23240 ...... Roger Burgess WASHINGTON ...... 915 2d Ave., Seattle, 98174 ...... J. Paul Beene WEST VIRGINIA ...... 400 N. 8th St., Richmond, VA 23240 ...... Roger Burgess WISCONSIN ...... 310 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, 53203±2221 ...... Robert E. Brazzil WYOMING ...... 600 17th St., Denver, CO 80202-2490 ...... Wally Hutton

Overseas Taxpayers

Office Address

Office of Taxpayer Service and Compliance 950 L'Enfant Plz. SW. (CP:IN), Washington, DC 20024

Service Centers Under the supervision center processes tax returns and related of the Executive Officer for Service documents and maintains accountability Center Operations having jurisdiction records for taxes collected. Programs over the area of their location are 10 include the processing, verification, and service centers, located at Andover, MA; accounting control of tax returns; the Austin, TX; Holtsville, NY; Chamblee, assessment and certification of refunds of GA; Covington, KY; Fresno, CA; Kansas taxes; and administering assigned City, MO; Memphis, TN; Ogden, UT; examination, criminal investigation, and and Philadelphia, PA. Each service collection functions.

For further information, contact any District Office or the Internal Revenue Service Headquarters, Department of the Treasury, 1111 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20224. Phone, 202–622– 5000.

United States Mint

The establishment of a mint was (17 Stat. 424) and recodified on authorized by act of April 2, 1792 (1 September 13, 1982 (31 U.S.C. 304, Stat. 246). The Bureau of the Mint was 5131). The name was changed to United established by act of February 12, 1873 DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 461

States Mint by Secretarial order dated addition, the Fort Knox Bullion January 9, 1984. Depository is the primary storage facility The primary mission of the Mint is to for the Nation’s gold bullion. produce an adequate volume of The U.S. Mint maintains sales centers circulating coinage for the Nation to at the Philadelphia and Denver Mints, conduct its trade and commerce. The and at Union Station in Washington, Mint also produces and sells numismatic DC. Public tours are conducted, with coins, American Eagle gold and silver free admission, at the Philadelphia and bullion coins, and national medals. In Denver Mints. Field Facilities (S: Superintendent; O: Officer in Charge)

Facility/Address Facility Head

United States Mint, Philadelphia, PA 19106 ...... Augustine A. Albino (S) United States Mint, Denver, CO 80204 ...... Raymond J. DeBroekert (S) United States Mint, San Francisco, CA 94102 ...... Dale DeVries (S) United States Mint, West Point, NY 10996 ...... Bradford E. Cooper (S) United States Bullion Depository, Fort Knox, KY 40121 ...... James M. Curtis (O)

For further information, contact the United States Mint, Department of the Treasury, Judiciary Square Building, 633 Third Street NW., Washington, DC 20220. Phone, 202–874–9696.

Bureau of the Public Debt

The Bureau of the Public Debt was through a nationwide network of issuing established on June 30, 1940, pursuant and paying agents. The Bureau also to the Reorganization Act of 1939 (31 promotes the sale and retention of U.S.C. 306). savings bonds through payroll savings Its mission is to borrow the money plans and financial institutions and is needed to operate the Federal supported by a network of volunteers. It Government; account for the resulting provides daily and other periodic reports public debt; and to issue Treasury to account for the composition and size securities to refund maturing debt and of the debt. In addition, the Bureau raise new money. implements the regulations for the The Bureau fulfills its mission through Government securities market. These six programs: commercial book-entry regulations provide for investor securities, direct access securities, protection while maintaining a fair and savings securities, Government liquid market for Government securities. securities, market regulation, and public The Bureau of the Public Debt was debt accounting. established on June 30, 1940, pursuant The Bureau auctions and issues to the Reorganization Act of 1939 (31 Treasury bills, notes, and bonds and U.S.C. 306). Principal offices of the manages the U.S. Savings Bond Program. Bureau are located in Washington, DC, It issues, services, and redeems bonds and Parkersburg, WV.

For more information, contact the Public Affairs Officer, Office of the Commissioner, Bureau of the Public Debt, Washington, DC 20239–0001. Phone, 202–219–3302.

United States Secret Service

Pursuant to certain sections of titles 3 mission of the Secret Service includes and 18 of the United States Code, the the authority and responsibility: 462 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

—to protect the President, the Vice —to detect and arrest any person President, the President-elect, the Vice- committing any offense against the laws President-elect, and members of their of the United States relating to currency, immediate families; major Presidential coins, obligations, and securities of the and Vice Presidential candidates; former United States or of foreign governments; Presidents and their spouses, except that protection of a spouse shall terminate in —to suppress the forgery and the event of remarriage; minor children fraudulent negotiation or redemption of of a former President until the age of 16; Federal Government checks, bonds, and visiting heads of foreign states or other obligations or securities of the governments; other distinguished foreign United States; visitors to the United States; and official —to conduct investigations relating to representatives of the United States certain criminal violations of the Federal performing special missions abroad, as Deposit Insurance Act, the Federal Land directed by the President; Bank Act, and the Government Losses in —to provide security at the White Shipment Act; and House complex and other Presidential offices, the temporary official residence —to detect and arrest offenders of of the Vice President in the District of laws pertaining to electronic funds Columbia, and foreign diplomatic transfer frauds, credit and debit card missions in the Washington, DC, frauds, false identification documents or metropolitan area and throughout the devices, computer access fraud, and U.S. United States, its territories and Department of Agriculture food coupons, possessions, as prescribed by statute; including authority-to-participate cards. District OfficesÐUnited States Secret Service

District Address Telephone

Albany GA ...... Suite 221, 235 Roosevelt Ave., 31701±2374 ...... 912±430±8442 Albany, NY ...... Rm. 244, 445 Broadway, 12207 ...... 518±431±0205 Albuquerque, NM ...... Suite 1700, 505 Marquette St. NW., 87102 ...... 505±248±5290 Anchorage, AK ...... Rm. 526, 222 W. 7th Ave., 99513±7592 ...... 907±271±5148 Atlanta, GA ...... Suite 2906, 401 W. Peachtree St., 30308±3516 ...... 404±331±6111 Atlantic City, NJ ...... Suite 501, 6601 Ventnor Ave., Ventnor, 08406 ...... 609±487±1300 Austin, TX ...... Suite 972, 300 E. 8th St., 78701 ...... 512±916±5103 Bakersfield, CA ...... Suite 190, 5701 Truxton Ave., 93309 ...... 805±861±4112 Baltimore, MD ...... Suite 1124, 100 S. Charles St., 21201 ...... 410±962±2200 Baton Rouge, LA ...... Rm. 1502, 1 American Pl., 70825 ...... 504±389±0763 Birmingham, AL ...... Suite 203, 500 S. 22d St., 35233 ...... 205±731±1144 Bismarck, ND ...... Rm. 432, Federal Bldg., 58501 ...... 701±255±3294 Boise, ID ...... Rm. 730, 550 W. Fort St., 83724 ...... 208±334±1403 Boston, MA ...... Suite 791, 10 Causeway St., 02222 ...... 617±565±5640 Buffalo, NY ...... Suite 300, 610 Main St., 14202 ...... 716±551±4401 Canton, OH ...... Rm. 211, 201 Cleveland Ave. SW., 44702 ...... 330±489±4400 Charleston, SC ...... Suite 630, 334 Meeting St., 29403 ...... 803±727±4691 Charleston, WV ...... Suite 910, 1 Valley Sq., 25301 ...... 304±347±5188 Charlotte, NC ...... Suite 226, Parkwood Bldg., 4350 Park Rd., 28209 ...... 704±523±9583 Chattanooga, TN ...... Rm. 204, Martin Luther King Blvd. & Georgia Ave., 37401 ...... 615±752±5125 Cheyenne, WY ...... Suite 3026, 2120 Capitol Ave., 82001 ...... 307±772±2380 Chicago, IL ...... Suite 1200 N., 300 S. Riverside Plz., 60606 ...... 312±353±5431 Cincinnati, OH ...... Rm. 6118, 550 Main St., 45202 ...... 513±684±3585 Cleveland, OH ...... Rm. 440, 6100 Rockside Woods Blvd., 44131±2334 ...... 216±522±4365 Colorado Springs, CO ...... P.O. Box 666, 80901 ...... 719±632±3325 Columbia, SC ...... Suite 1425, 1835 Assembly St., 29201 ...... 803±765±5446 Columbus, OH ...... Suite 800, 500 S. Front St., 43215 ...... 614±469±7370 Concord, NH ...... Suite 250, 197 Loudon Rd., 03301 ...... 603±228±3428 Dallas, TX ...... Suite 300, 125 E. John W. Carpenter Fwy., Irving, 75062±2752 ...... 972±868±3200 Dayton, OH ...... P.O. Box 743, 200 W. 2d St., 45402 ...... 937±222±2013 Denver, CO ...... Suite 1430, 1660 Lincoln St., 80264 ...... 303±866±1010 Des Moines, IA ...... 637 Federal Bldg., 210 Walnut St., 50309 ...... 515±284±4565 Detroit, MI ...... Suite 1000, 477 Michigan Ave., 48226 ...... 313±226±6400 El Paso, TX ...... Suite 210, 4849 N. Mesa, 79912 ...... 915±533±6950 Fresno, CA ...... Suite 207, 5200 N. Palm Ave., 93704 ...... 209±487±5204 Grand Rapids, MI ...... Suite 302, 330 Ionia Ave. NW., 49503 ...... 616±454±4671 Great Falls, MT ...... No. 11, 3d St. N., 59401 ...... 406±452±8515 Greenville, SC ...... P.O. Box 10676, 29603 ...... 864±233±1490 Harrisburg, PA ...... P.O. Box 1244, 17108 ...... 717±782±4811 Honolulu, HI ...... P.O. Box 50046, Rm. 6309, 300 Ala Moana Blvd., 96850 ...... 808±541±1912 Houston, TX ...... Suite 500, 602 Sawyer St., 77007 ...... 713±868±2299 DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 463

District OfficesÐUnited States Secret Service—Continued

District Address Telephone

Indianapolis, IN ...... Suite 211, 575 N. Pennsylvania St., 46204 ...... 317±226±6444 Jackson, MS ...... Suite 840, 100 W. Capitol St., 39269 ...... 601±965±4436 Jacksonville, FL ...... Suite 500, 7820 Arlington Expy., 32211 ...... 904±232±2777 Jamaica, NY ...... Rm. 246, Bldg. 75, John F. Kennedy International Airport, 11430 ...... 718±553±0911 Kansas City, MO ...... Suite 510, 1150 Grand Ave., 64106 ...... 816±374±6102 Knoxville, TN ...... Rm. 517, 710 Locust St., 37902 ...... 423±545±4627 Las Vegas, NV ...... P.O. Box 16027, 89101 ...... 702±388±6446 Lexington, KY ...... P.O. Box 13310, 40583 ...... 606±233±2453 Little Rock, AR ...... Suite 1700, 111 Center St., 72201±3529 ...... 501±324±6241 Los Angeles, CA ...... 17th Fl., 255 E. Temple St., 90012 ...... 213±894±4830 Louisville, KY ...... Rm. 377, 600 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Pl., 40202 ...... 502±582±5171 Lubbock, TX ...... P.O. Box 2975, 79048 ...... 806±472±7347 Madison, WI ...... P.O. Box 2154, 53701 ...... 608±264±5191 McAllen, TX ...... Suite 1107, 200 S. 10th St., 78501 ...... 210±630±5811 Melville, NY ...... Suite 216E, 35 Pinelawn Rd., 11747±3154 ...... 516±249±0984 Memphis, TN ...... Suite 204, 5350 Poplar Ave., 38119 ...... 901±544±0333 Miami, FL ...... Suite 100, 8375 NW. 53d St., 33166 ...... 305±591±3660 Milwaukee, WI ...... 454 Federal Courthouse, 517 E. Wisconsin Ave., 53202 ...... 414±297±3587 Minneapolis, MN ...... Rm. 218, 110 S. 4th St., 55401 ...... 612±348±1800 Mobile, AL ...... Suite 200, 182d & Francis Sts., 36602±3501 ...... 334±441±5851 Montgomery, AL ...... Suite 605, 1 Commerce St., 36104 ...... 334±223±7601 Morristown, NJ ...... 34 Headquarters Plz., 07960±3990 ...... 201±984±5760 Nashville, TN ...... 658 U.S. Courthouse, 801 Broadway St., 37203 ...... 615±736±5841 New Haven, CT ...... P.O. Box 45, 06501 ...... 203±865±2449 New Orleans, LA ...... Rm. 807, 501 Magazine St., 70130 ...... 504±589±4041 New York, NY ...... 9th Fl., 7 World Trade Ctr., 10048±1901 ...... 212±637±4500 Norfolk, VA ...... Suite 640, 200 Granby St., 23510 ...... 757±441±3200 Oklahoma City, OK ...... Suite 650, 4013 NW. Expressway, 73102±9229 ...... 405±810±3000 Omaha, NE ...... Rm. 905, 106 S. 15th St., 68102 ...... 402±221±4671 Orlando, FL ...... Suite 670, 135 W. Central Blvd., 32801 ...... 407±648±6333 Philadelphia, PA ...... 7236 Federal Bldg., 600 Arch St., 19106 ...... 215±597±0600 Phoenix, AZ ...... Suite 2180, 3200 N. Central Ave., 85012 ...... 602±640±5580 Pittsburgh, PA ...... Rm. 835, 1000 Liberty Ave., 15222 ...... 412±644±3384 Portland, ME ...... 2d Fl., Tower B, 100 Middle St., 04104 ...... 207±780±3493 Portland, OR ...... Suite 1330, 121 SW. Salmon St., 97204 ...... 503±326±2162 Providence, RI ...... Suite 343, 380 Westminster St., 02903 ...... 401±331±6456 Raleigh, NC ...... Suite 210, 4407 Bland Rd., 27609±6296 ...... 919±790±2834 Reno, NV ...... Suite 850, 100 W. Liberty St., 89501 ...... 702±784±5354 Richmond, VA ...... Suite 1910, Main St. Ctr., 23219 ...... 804±771±2274 Riverside, CA ...... P.O. Box 1525, 92502 ...... 909±276±6781 Roanoke, VA ...... Suite 2, 105 Franklin Rd. SW., 24011 ...... 540±857±2208 Rochester, NY ...... Rm. 606, 100 State St., 14614 ...... 716±263±6830 Sacramento, CA ...... Suite 530, 501 J St., 95814 ...... 916±498±5141 Saginaw, MI ...... Suite 200, 301 E. Genesee Ave., 48607 ...... 517±752±8076 St. Louis, MO ...... Rm. 924, 1114 Market St., 63101 ...... 314±539±2238 Salt Lake City, UT ...... Suite 450, 57 W. 200 S., 84101 ...... 801±524±5910 San Antonio, TX ...... Rm. B410, 727 E. Durango Blvd., 78206 ...... 210±472±6175 San Diego, CA ...... Suite 660, 550 W. C St., 92101±8811 ...... 619±557±5640 San Francisco, CA ...... Suite 530, 345 Spear St., 94105 ...... 415±744±9026 San Jose, CA ...... Suite 2050, 280 S. 1st St., 95113 ...... 408±535±5288 San Juan, PR ...... Suite 3±B, 1510 F.D. Roosevelt Ave., Guaynabo, 00968 ...... 787±277±1515 Santa Ana, CA ...... Suite 500, 200 W. Santa Ana Blvd., 92701 ...... 714±246±8257 Savannah, GA ...... Suite 570, 23 Bull St., 31401 ...... 912±652±4401 Scranton, PA ...... Rm. 304, Washington & Linden Sts., 18501 ...... 717±346±5781 Seattle, WA ...... Rm. 890, 915 2d Ave., 98174 ...... 206±220±6800 Shreveport, LA ...... Suite 525, 401 Edwards St., 71101 ...... 318±676±3500 Sioux Falls, SD ...... Suite 405, 230 S. Phillips Ave., 57104±6321 ...... 605±330±4565 Spokane, WA ...... Suite 1340, 601 W. Riverside Ave., 99201±0611 ...... 509±353±2532 Springfield, IL ...... Suite 301, 400 W. Monroe St., 62704 ...... 217±492±4033 Springfield, MO ...... Suite 306, 901 E. St. Louis St., 65806 ...... 417±864±8340 Syracuse, NY ...... Post Box 7006, Federal Station, 13261 ...... 315±448±0304 Tampa, FL ...... Rm. 1101, 501 E. Polk St., 33602 ...... 813±228±2636 Toledo, OH ...... Rm. 305, 234 Summit St., 43604 ...... 419±259±6434 Trenton, NJ ...... Suite 202, 101 Carnegie Ctr., Princeton, 08540±6231 ...... 609±989±2008 Tucson, AZ ...... Box FB±56, 300 W. Congress St., 85701 ...... 520±670±4730 Tulsa, OK ...... Suite 400, 125 W. 15 St., 74119 ...... 918±581±7272 Tyler, TX ...... Suite 395, 6101 S. Broadway, 75703 ...... 903±534±2933 Ventura, CA ...... Suite 161, 5500 Telegraph Rd., 93003 ...... 805±339±9180 Washington, DC ...... Suite 1000, 1050 Connecticut Ave. NW., 20036±5305 ...... 202±435±5100 West Palm Beach, FL ...... Suite 800, 505 S. Flagler Dr., 33401 ...... 561±659±0184 White Plains, NY ...... Suite 300, 140 Grand St., 10601 ...... 914±682±6300 Wichita, KS ...... Suite 275, 301 N. Main, 67202 ...... 316±267±1452 Wilmington, DE ...... Rm. 414, 920 King St., 19801 ...... 302±573±6188 Wilmington, NC ...... P.O. Box 120, 28402 ...... 910±815±4511 464 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

District Offices OverseasÐUnited States Secret Service

District Address Telephone

Bangkok, Thailand .... American Embassy, Box 64/Bangkok, APO AP 96546 ...... 011±662±205±4000 Bogota, Colombia ..... U.S. Embassy, Unit 5116, APO AA 34038 ...... 011±57±1±315±0811 Bonn, West Germany American Embassy/Bonn, Unit 21701, Box 300, APO New York, NY 011±49±228±339±2587 09080. Hong Kong ...... 11th Fl., St. John's Bldg., 33 Garden Rd., Central Hong Kong ...... 011±852±2841±2524 London, England ...... American Embassy/USSS, PSC 801, Box 64, FPO AE, 09498±4064 ...... 011±44±171±499±9000 Manila, Philippines .... American Embassy/Manila APO AP 96440 ...... 011±63±2±521±1838 Milan, Italy ...... Consulate General of the U.S.A., Via Principe Amedeo 2/10, 20121 Milan, 011±39±2±2903±51 Italy. Nicosia, Cyprus ...... U.S. Secret Service, American Embassy Nicosia, PSC 815, FPO AE 011±357±2±476±100 09836. Paris, France ...... Paris Embassy/USSS, Unit 21551, Box D306, APO AE, 09777 ...... 011±33±1±4312±7100 Quebec, Canada ...... U.S. Consulate, 455 Rene Levesque Blvd., West Montreal, Quebec, Can- 1±514±398±9695 ada H2Z 1Z2. Rome, Italy ...... American Embassy/Rome, PSC 59, Box 100, USSS, APO AE, 09624 ...... 011±39±6±4674±1

For further information, contact any District Office or the Office of Government Liaison and Public Affairs, United States Secret Service, Department of the Treasury, 1800 G Street NW., Washington, DC 20223. Phone, 202–435–5708.

Office of Thrift Supervision

The Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) Activities of OTS include: regulates Federal and State-chartered —examining and supervising thrift savings institutions. Created by the institutions in the five OTS regions to Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, ensure the safety and soundness of the and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA), industry; its mission is to effectively and efficiently —ensuring that thrifts comply with supervise thrift institutions to maintain consumer protection laws and the safety and soundness of institutions regulations; and to ensure the viability of the —conducting a regional quality industry. It also supports the industry’s assurance program to ensure consistent efforts to meet housing and other applications of policies and procedures; community credit and financial services —developing national policy needs. The Office works to: guidelines to enhance statutes and —maintain and enhance its risk- regulations and to establish programs to focused, differential, and proactive implement new policy and law; approach to the supervision of —issuing various financial reports, institutions; including the quarterly report on the —improve credit availability by financial condition of the thrift industry; encouraging safe and sound housing and —preparing regulations, bulletins, other lending in those areas of greatest other policy documents, congressional need; and testimony, and official correspondence —enhance competitiveness of the on matters relating to the condition of thrift industry. the thrift industry, interest rate risk, The Office is headed by a Director financial derivatives, and economic appointed by the President, with the issues; advice and consent of the Senate, for a —and prosecuting enforcement 5-year term. The Director is responsible actions relating to thrift institutions. for the overall direction and policy of The Office of Thrift Supervision is a the agency. To carry out its mission, nonappropriated agency and thus uses OTS is organized in five main program no tax money to fund its operations. Its areas: Supervision, Research and expenses are met by fees and Analysis, External Affairs, Chief Counsel, assessments on the thrift institutions it and Administration. regulates. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 465

For further information, contact the Dissemination Branch, Office of Thrift Supervision, 1700 G Street NW., Washington, DC 20552. Phone, 202–906–6000. Fax, 202–906–7755.

Sources of Information Departmental Offices Office of Inspector General Contracts Write to the Director, Office Employment Contact the Human of Procurement, Room 6101, Main Resources Division, Office of Inspector Treasury Annex, Washington, DC 20220. General, Suite 510, 740 15th Street Phone, 202–622–0520. NW., Washington, DC 20220. Phone, Environment Environmental statements 202–927–5230. prepared by the Department are Freedom of Information Act/Privacy Act available for review in the Departmental Requests Inquiries should be directed Library. Information on Treasury to Freedom of Information Act Request, environmental matters may be obtained Department of the Treasury, Room 1054, from the Office of the Assistant Secretary 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., of the Treasury (Management), Treasury Washington, DC 20220. Department, Washington, DC 20220. General Inquiries Write to the Office Phone, 202–622–0043. of Inspector General, Room 2418, 1500 General Inquiries For general Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20220. information about the Treasury Department, including copies of news Publications Semiannual reports to the Congress on the Office of Inspector releases and texts of speeches by high General are available from the Office of Treasury officials, write to the Office of Inspector General, Room 2418, 1500 the Assistant Secretary (Public Affairs and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, Public Liaison), Room 3430, DC 20220. Departmental Offices, Treasury Department, Washington, DC 20220. Office of the Comptroller of the Phone, 202–622–2920. Currency Reading Room The Reading Room is located in the Treasury Library, Room Contracts Contact the procurement 5030, Main Treasury Building, 1500 officer at 250 E Street SW., Washington, Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20219. Phone, 202–874–5040. Fax, DC 20220. Phone, 202–622–0990. 202–874–5625. Small and Disadvantaged Business Employment The primary occupation is national bank examiner. Examiners are Activities Write to the Director, Office hired generally at the entry level through of Small and Disadvantaged Business a college recruitment program. Utilization, Room 6101, Main Treasury Descriptive literature and information are Annex, Washington, DC 20220. Phone, available from the Director for Human 202–622–0530. Resources, 250 E Street SW., Tax Legislation Information on tax Washington, DC 20219. Phone, 202– legislation may be obtained from the 874–4490. Fax, 202–874–5447. Assistant Secretary (Tax Policy), Freedom of Information Act Requests Departmental Offices, Treasury Write or call the disclosure officer, Department, Washington, DC 20220. Communications Division, 250 E Street Phone, 202–622–0050. SW., Washington, DC 20219. Phone, Telephone Directory The Treasury 202–874–4700. Fax, 202–874–5263. Department telephone directory is Publications Write or call the available for sale by the Superintendent Communications Division, 250 E Street of Documents, Government Printing SW., Washington, DC 20219. Phone, Office, Washington, DC 20402. 202–874–4700. Fax, 202–874–5263. 466 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

United States Customs Service Employment The Bureau, as the world’s largest security printer, employs Address inquiries on the following personnel in a multitude of different subjects to the specified office, U.S. craft, administrative, and professional Customs Service, 1301 Constitution fields. Competitive job opportunities may Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20229. be available in the printing crafts, Phone, 202–927–6724. maintenance trades/crafts, engineering, Contracts Write to the Regional electromachinists, research, chemistry, Procurement Center, 6026 Lakeside data processing/computers, quality Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46278. assurance, personnel, procurement, Employment The U.S. Customs Service financial management, and other recruits from the Treasury Enforcement administrative fields. Due to the high Agent examination. Employment level of security required, the Bureau inquiries may be addressed to the also employs its own police force and a Personnel Director, Office of Human range of security specialists. Resources Management in Washington, The Bureau participates in the student DC. educational employment program that Forms Forms are available from any enables students to gain work experience district director’s office. There is a while pursuing their education. nominal charge for large quantities of Periodically, apprenticeship programs certain forms. may be announced in selected crafts. General Inquiries Contact the nearest Information regarding employment port director’s office for information opportunities and required qualifications regarding customs regulations and is available from the Staffing and procedures for all persons entering the Classification Division, Office of Human United States and the entry and Resources. Phone, 202–874–3747. clearance of imported merchandise. Freedom of Information Act Requests Publications The U.S. Customs Service Inquiries should be directed to the issues publications of interest to the Bureau Disclosure Officer, Room 112M. general, importing, and traveling public Phone, 202–874–2769. that can be obtained from any of the General Inquiries Requests for port directors’ offices or by writing to the information about the Bureau, its Office of Communications in products, or numismatic and philatelic Washington, DC. Single copies of many interests should be addressed to the of these publications are available at no Office of External Relations and charge to the public. Customer Service, Room 533M, Reading Rooms Reading rooms are Fourteenth and C Streets SW., located at the headquarters library and Washington, DC 20228. Phone, 202– in some field offices. 874–3019. Speakers Speakers are available for Product Sales Uncut sheets of private organizations or community currency, engraved Presidential portraits, groups throughout the country. Contact historical engravings of national any local customs officer or the Office of landmarks, and other souvenirs and Communications in Washington, DC. mementos are available for purchase in Bureau of Engraving and Printing the Visitors Center or through the mail. The Visitors Center gift shop, located in Address inquiries on the following the Fifteenth Street (Raoul Wallenberg subjects to the specified office, Bureau of Place) lobby of the main building, is Engraving and Printing, Fourteenth and C open from 8:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Streets SW., Washington, DC 20228. Monday through Friday, excluding Contracts and Small Business Activities Federal holidays and Christmas week. In Information relating to contracts and June, July, and August, the gift shop will small business activity may be obtained reopen at 4:30 p.m. and close at 8:30 by contacting the Office of Procurement. p.m. Information and order forms for Phone, 202–874–2534. sales items by mail may be obtained by DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 467 writing to the Office of External Also available are audio and video Relations and Customer Service, cassette tapes that provide step-by-step Fourteenth and C Streets SW., Room instructions for preparing basic 533M, Washington, DC 20228, or by individual income tax forms. These tapes calling 202–874–3019. are available in many local libraries. Tours Tours of the Bureau’s facility in Contracts Write to the Internal Washington, DC are provided Revenue Service, 1111 Constitution throughout the year according to the Avenue NW. (M:P:C), Washington, DC following schedule: 20224 (phone, 202–283–1710); or the Peak season, April through September, Director of Support Services, at any of 9 a.m. until 1:50 p.m. Tours begin every the Internal Revenue regional offices. 10 minutes, with the last tour beginning Educational Programs The Service at 1:50 p.m. The ticket booth is located provides, free of charge, general tax on Raoul Wallenberg Place (formerly information publications and booklets on Fifteenth Street) and is open from 8 a.m. specific tax topics. Taxpayer information until 2 p.m. Tour tickets are free. Lines materials also are distributed to major queue up on Raoul Wallenberg Place. television networks and many radio and Evening tours, June through August, 5 television stations, daily and weekly p.m. until 7:30 p.m. Tours are offered newspapers, magazines, and specialized every 10 minutes. The ticket booth for publications. Special educational evening tour tickets is open from 3:30 materials and films are provided for use until 7:30 p.m. Tour tickets are free. in high schools and colleges. Individuals Lines queue up on Raoul Wallenberg starting a new business are given Place. specialized materials and information at Non-peak season, October through small business workshops, and March, 9 a.m. until 2 p.m. No tickets are community colleges provide classes necessary for tours during this time. based on material provided by the Lines queue up on Fourteenth Street. Service. The Community Outreach Tax No tours are given on weekends, Assistance program provides agency Federal holidays, or between Christmas employees to assist community groups at and New Year’s Day. mutually convenient times and locations. Through the Volunteer Income Tax Financial Management Service Assistance program and the Tax Counseling for the Elderly program, the Inquiries on the following subjects Service recruits, trains, and supports should be directed to the specified volunteers who offer free tax assistance office, 401 Fourteenth Street SW., to low-income, elderly, military, and Washington, DC 20227. non-English-speaking taxpayers. Contracts Write to the Director, Materials, films, and information on Acquisition Management Division, Room the educational programs can be 112 LC. Phone, 202–874–6910. obtained by contacting any District Employment Inquiries may be directed Office. to the Personnel Management Division, Employment Almost every major field Room 120 LC. Phone, 202–874–7080. of study has some application to the Fax Facsimile transmittal services are work of the Service. A substantial available by dialing 202–874–7016. number of positions are filled by persons whose major educational preparation Internal Revenue Service was accounting, business administration, Audiovisual Materials Films, some of finance, economics, criminology, and which are available in Spanish, provide law. There are, however, a great number information on the American tax system, of positions that are filled by persons examination and appeal rights, and the whose college major was political tax responsibilities of running a small science, public administration, business. The films can be obtained by education, liberal arts, or other fields not contacting any District Office. directly related to business or law. 468 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Extensive use is made of competitive taxpayers anywhere in the United States registers and examinations in selecting to call the service without paying a long- employees. Schools interested in distance charge. Special toll-free participating in the extensive recruitment telephone assistance also is available to program, or anyone considering deaf and hearing-impaired taxpayers employment with the Service, may direct who have access to a teletypewriter or inquiries to the Recruitment Coordinator television/phone. These special numbers at any of the Regional or District Offices. are included in the annual tax form Problem Resolution Program Each packages and also are available from District has a problem resolution staff any agency office. which attempts to resolve taxpayer Taxpayers may also visit agency complaints not satisfied through regular offices for help with their tax problems. channels. The Service provides return preparation Publications The Annual Report— assistance to taxpayers by guiding groups Commissioner of Internal Revenue (Pub. of individuals line by line on the 55) and Internal Revenue Service Data preparation of their returns. Individual Book (Pub. 55B), as well as periodic preparation is available for handicapped reports of statistics of income, which or other individuals unable to use the present statistical tabulations concerning group preparation method. Foreign language tax assistance also is various tax returns filed, are available available at many locations. from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, United States Mint Washington, DC 20402. Audit of Returns, Appeal Rights, and Claims for Contracts and Employment Inquiries Refund (Pub. 556), Your Federal Income should be directed to the facility head of Tax (Pub. 17), Farmers Tax Guide (Pub. the appropriate field office or to the 225), Tax Guide for Small Business (Pub. Director of the Mint. 334), and other publications are Numismatic Services The United States available at Internal Revenue Service Mint maintains public exhibit and sales offices free of charge. areas at the Philadelphia and Denver Reading Rooms Public reading rooms Mints, and at Union Station in are located in the National Office and in Washington, DC. Brochures and order each Regional Office or, in some cases, forms for official coins, medals, and a District Office located in a Regional other numismatic items may also be Office building. obtained by writing to the United States Speakers Speakers on provisions of the Mint, 10003 Derekwood Lane, Lanham, tax law and operations of the Internal MD 20706. Phone, 202–283–COIN. Revenue Service for professional and Publications The CFO Annual Financial community groups may be obtained by Report is available from the United writing to the District Directors or, for States Mint, Department of the Treasury, national organizations only, to the Judiciary Square Building, 633 Third Communications Division at the IRS Street NW., Washington, DC 20220. National Headquarters in Washington, Phone, 202–874–9696. DC. Taxpayer Service The Internal Revenue Bureau of the Public Debt Service provides year-round tax Electronic Access Information about information and assistance to taxpayers, the public debt, U.S. Savings Bonds, primarily through its toll-free telephone Treasury bills, notes, and bonds, and system. Taxpayers requesting information other Treasury securities is available about the tax system, their rights and through the Internet, at http:// obligations under it, and the tax benefits www.publicdebt.treas.gov/. Forms and available to them can call the number publications may be ordered listed in their local telephone directory electronically at the same address. and in the tax form packages mailed to Employment General employment them annually. This service allows inquiries should be addressed to the DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 469

Bureau of the Public Debt, Division of Fax-on-Demand Documents are Personnel Management, Employment available through the OTS PubliFax Line, and Classification Branch, Parkersburg, which employs a series of voice prompts WV 26106–1328. Phone, 304–480– to determine requested documents. 6144. Phone/fax, 202–906–5660. Savings Bonds Savings bonds are Freedom of Information Act/Privacy Act continuously on sale at more than Requests For information not readily 40,000 financial institutions and their available from the Public Reference branches in virtually every locality in the Room, the OTS PubliFax, or the OTS United States. Information about bonds order department, a written request may is provided by such issuing agents. Current rate information is available be submitted to the Office of Thrift toll-free by calling 1–800–4US–BOND. Supervision, Dissemination Branch, 1700 Requests for information about all G Street NW., Washington, DC 20552. series of savings bonds, savings notes, Requests may also be submitted by and retirement plans or individual facsimile (fax, 202–906–7755). Requests retirement bonds should be addressed to should clearly describe the information the Bureau of the Public Debt, sought and include a firm agreement to Department of the Treasury, 200 Third pay fees or a request for a reduction or Street, Parkersburg, WV 26106–1328. waiver of fees along with a justification Phone, 304–480–6112. for the request. Treasury Securities Information General Information General inquiries regarding the purchase of information about the Office of Thrift Treasury bills, bonds, and notes should Supervision may be obtained by calling be addressed to your local Federal 202–906–6000. Information about the Reserve Bank or branch, or to the OTS public disclosure program may be Bureau of the Public Debt, Department F, Washington, DC 20239–1200. Phone, obtained by contacting the Manager, 202–874–4060. Dissemination Branch (phone, 202–906– 5909) or the Director, Records United States Secret Service Management and Information Policy Division (phone, 202–906–7571). Information about employment Public Reference Room The Public opportunities and publications and general public information may be Reference Room makes available a wide obtained by contacting the nearest Secret variety of OTS records and information Service field office or the Office of about federally insured savings Government Liaison and Public Affairs, associations. It is open Monday through 1800 G Street NW., Washington, DC Friday from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. and is 20223. Phone, 202–435–5708. located at 1700 G Street NW., Washington, DC 20552. Office of Thrift Supervision Publications Publications that provide Electronic Access Information about information and guidance regarding the OTS and institutions regulated by OTS is thrift industry are available for purchase. available through the Internet, at http:// A complete publications list is available www.access.gpo.gov/ots/. from the Public Reference Room, the Employment Inquiries about PubliFax, and the Internet. Publications employment opportunities with the can be purchased by check or credit Office of Thrift Supervision should be card through the OTS Order directed to the Human Resources Office. Department, P.O. Box 753, Waldorf, Phone, 202–906–6061. MD 20604. Phone, 301–645–6264.

For further information concerning the Department of the Treasury, contact the Public Affairs Office, Department of the Treasury, 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20220. Phone, 202–622– 2960. DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS 810 Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20420 Phone, 202–273–4900

SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS JESSE BROWN Executive Assistant to the Secretary ROY SPICER Special Assistant to the Secretary PATRICIA CARRINGTON Deputy Secretary HERSHEL GOBER Assistant to the Deputy Secretary (VACANCY) Chief of Staff HAROLD F. GRACEY, JR. Veterans’ Service Organization Liaison ALLEN ‘‘GUNNER’’ KENT White House Liaison HEYWARD BANNISTER Director, Executive Secretariat LINDA KAUFMANN Inspector General WILLIAM T. MERRIMAN, Acting Chairman, Board of Contract Appeals GUY H. MCMICHAEL III Director, Office of Small and Disadvantaged SCOTT F. DENNISTON Business Utilization General Counsel MARY LOU KEENER Special Assistant to the General Counsel (VACANCY) Deputy General Counsel ROBERT E. COY Assistant General Counsels PHILLIPA L. ANDERSON, E. DOUGLAS BRADSHAW, RONALD H. GARVIN,W ALTER A. HALL, NEAL C. LAWSON, HOWARD C. LEM, JOHN H. THOMPSON Chairman, Board of Veterans’ Appeals ROGER K. BAUER, Acting Executive Assistant to the Chairman MARJORIE A. AUER Director, Management and Administration RONALD R. AUMENT Chief Counsel STEVEN L. KELLER Deputy Chief Counsel, Litigation Support RICHARD C. THRASHER Deputy Chief Counsel, Legal Affairs THOMAS D. ROBERTS Vice Chairman ROGER K. BAUER Senior Deputy Vice Chairman RICHARD B. STANDEFER Deputy Vice Chairman, Decision Team I CHARLES E. HOGEBOOM Deputy Vice Chairman, Decision Team II JOAQUIN AQUAYO-PERELES Deputy Vice Chairman, Decision Team III NANCY R. ROBIN Deputy Vice Chairman, Decision Team IV MARY M. SABULSKY Director, Administrative Service NANCY D. STACKHOUSE Under Secretary for Health, Veterans Health KENNETH W. KIZER, M.D. Administration Chief of Staff MICHAEL HUGHES Director, Executive Correspondence PAMELA E. GALYEAN Deputy Under Secretary for Health THOMAS GARTHWAITE, M.D. Chief Network Officer JULE D. MORAVEC Director, Network Program Support WILLIAM W. GRAHAM, ACTING Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) Directors: Director, VISN No. 1 DENIS J. FITZGERALD, M.D. Director, VISN No. 2 FREDERICK L. MALPHURS 470 DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS 471

Director, VISN No. 3 JAMES J. FARSETTA Director, VISN No. 4 ROBERT L. JONES, M.D. Director, VISN No. 5 JAMES J. NOCKS, M.D. Director, VISN No. 6 LEROY P. GROSS, M.D. Director, VISN No. 7 LARRY R. DEAL Director, VISN No. 8 ROBERT H. ROSWELL, M.D. Director, VISN No. 9 LARRY E. DETERS Director, VISN No. 10 LAURA J. MILLER Director, VISN No. 11 LINDA W. BELTON Director, VISN No. 12 JOAN E. CUMMINGS, M.D. Director, VISN No. 13 ROBERT A. PETZEL, M.D. Director, VISN No. 14 JOHN T. CARSON Director, VISN No. 15 PATRICIA A. CROSETTI Director, VISN No. 16 JOHN R. HIGGINS, M.D. Director, VISN No. 17 VERNON CHONG, M.D. Director, VISN No. 18 THOMAS A. TRUJILLO Director, VISN No. 19 TERRENCE S. BATLINER Director, VISN No. 20 BARRY L. BELL Director, VISN No. 21 MARJORIE SUE WOLF Director, VISN No. 22 SMITH JENKINS, JR. Medical Inspector JAMES E. MCMANUS, M.D. Chief, Office of Employee Education ROBERT P. MEANS, Acting Veterans Canteen Service Officer JERRY KELLY Director, Emergency Medical Preparedness JOE GRAY Chief, Policy, Planning, and Performance GREGG PANE, M.D. Office Director, Performance Management Office NANCY J. WILSON, M.D. Director, Delivery System Planning Office BRUCE PLECINSKI Director, Policy and Forecasting Office MAUREEN S. BALTAY Director, Reports Review and Analysis PAUL C. GIBERT, JR. Director, Strategic Initiatives Office ALAN T. MAURER Chief Patient Care Services Officer THOMAS HOLOHAN, M.D. Director, Nutrition and Food Service BRENDA L. JENKINS, Acting Director, Social Work Service DONALD G. MOSES, Acting Director, Chaplain Service (VAMC, MATTHEW A. ZIMMERMAN Hampton, VA) Chief Consultant, Acute Care Strategic GABRIEL MANASSE, M.D., Acting Healthcare Group Deputy Associate Deputy Chief Medical RONALD J. GEBHART, M.D. Director for Ambulatory Care Director, National Center for Health ROBERT SULLIVAN, M.D. Promotion and Disease Prevention Director, Spinal Cord Injury Service MARGARET HAMMOND, M.D. Director, Optometry Service (VACANCY) Director, Podiatry Service (VACANCY) Assistant Chief Medical Director for C. RICHARD BUCHANAN, D.M.D., Dentistry Acting Chief Consultant, Prosthetic and Sensory FREDERICK DOWNS, JR. Aids Service Strategic Healthcare Group Chief Consultant, Geriatrics and Extended JUDITH A. SALERNO, M.D. Care Strategic Healthcare Group Chief Consultant, Diagnostic Services THEODORE F. BEALS, M.D., Acting Strategic Healthcare Group Director, Mental Health and Behavioral THOMAS B. HORVATH, M.D. Sciences Services 472 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Chief Consultant, Rehabilitation Strategic LEIGH C. ANDERSON, M.D., Acting Healthcare Group Chief Consultant, Nursing Strategic NANCY M. VALENTINE Healthcare Group Chief Consultant, Pharmacy Benefits JOHN E. OGDEN Management Strategic Healthcare Group Chief Research and Development Officer JOHN R. FEUSSNER, M.D. Director, Medical Research Program PAUL HOFFMAN, M.D. Director, Rehabilitation Research and JOHN GOLDSCHMIDT, M.D. Development Program Director, Health Services Research and (VACANCY) Development Service Chief Public Health and Environmental SUSAN H. MATHER, M.D. Hazards Officer Director, Environmental Agents Service FRAN M. MURPHY, M.D. Director, AIDS Service (VACANCY) Chief Academic Affiliations Officer DAVID P. STEVENS, M.D. Director, Graduate Medical Education Office ELIZA M. WOLFF, Acting Director, Associated Health Education Office LINDA JOHNSON, Acting Director, Administrative Operations Office EVERT MELANDER Director, Readjustment Counseling Service ALFONSO R. BATRES Chief Administrative Officer LYDIA B. MAVRIDIS Director, Health Administration Services CHARLES R. DECOSTE Office Director, Volunteer Service Office JIM W. DELGADO Director, Management and Administrative THOMAS J. HOGAN Support Office Director, Health Care Staff Development and H. BERNARD PALMER Retention Office Director, Environmental Management WAYNE WARREN Service Director, Acquisition and Materiel JUDITH MABRY Management Liaison Director, Medical Sharing Office ARTHUR S. HAMERSCHLAG Chief Financial Officer W. TODD GRAMS Director, Budget Office C.R. WICHLACZ Director, Evaluation Service GEORGE D. PERIAN Director, Financial Management Office JAMES P. BRAKEFIELD Director, Accounting/Reports and Systems ED ROBBINS Service Director, Medical Care Cost Recovery Office WALTER J. BESECKER Chief Facilities Management Officer C.V. YARBROUGH Director, Program Management and PAM DIX Planning Office Director, Claims and Risk Management ROBERT L. CLONTZ Office Director, Real Property Management Office LAWRENCE J. HILL Director, Eastern Area Project Office HAROLD M. GOODE Director, Western Area Project Office JAMES W. LAWSON Director, Facilities Quality Office LLOYD H. SIEGEL Director, Consulting Support Office JOHN P. HORNAK Director, Asset and Enterprise Development ANATOLIJ KUSHNIR Office Chief Information Officer R. DAVID ALBINSON DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS 473

Director, IRM Policy and Planning Service LEONARD R. BOURGET Associate Chief Information Officer, Business ROBERT KOLODNER, M.D. Enterprise Solutions and Technology Services Associate Chief Information Officer, DANIEL MARSH Implementation and Training Services Director, Telecommunications Support ROBERT BRUCE, Acting Service Associate Chief Information Officer, ROY SWATZELL Technical Services Associate Chief Information Officer, GAIL BELLES Customer Service Director, Library and Audiovisual WENDY CARTER Communication Programs Director, Office of Information Management MICHAEL WILLIAMS Under Secretary for Benefits, Veterans Benefits R.J. VOGEL, Acting Administration Deputy Under Secretary for Benefits STEPHEN L. LEMONS Chief Financial Officer ROBERT W. GARDNER Chief Information Officer NEWELL QUINTON Director, Office of Executive Management PATRICIA GRYSAVAGE and Communications Director, Office of Human Resources VENTRIS GIBSON Director, Eastern Area DAVID A. BRIGHAM Director, Central Area PATRICK NAPPI Director, Southern Area LEO C. WURSCHMIDT Director, Western Area JACK MCREYNOLDS Director, Compensation and Pension Service KRISTINE A. MOFFITT Director, Education Service CELIA DOLLARHIDE Director, Insurance Service THOMAS LASTOWKA Director, Loan Guaranty Service KEITH PEDIGO Director, Vocational Rehabilitation Service JEFFREY T. GOETZ, Acting Director, National Cemetery System JERRY W. BOWEN Consultant LOUISE WARE Director, Office of Field Operations ROGER R. RAPP Director, Field Programs Service FRED L. WATSON Director, Technical Support Service ROBERT B. HOLBROOK Director, State Cemetery Grants Service WILLIAM JAYNE Director, Office of Operations Support VINCENT L. BARILE Director, Administration Service MICHAEL HERWAY Director, Budget and Planning Service DANIEL TUCKER Director, Executive Communications and ALEXANDER HAVAS Public Affairs Service Director, Information Systems Service MARK P. DUROCHER Director, Memorial Programs Service LAWRENCE DE MEO, JR. Directors, National Cemetery System Area Offices: Philadelphia, PA PATRICK J. GARTLAND Atlanta, GA ROBERT WILK Denver, CO THOMAS G. BALSANEK Assistant Secretary for Management D. MARK CATLETT Deputy to the Assistant Secretary STANLEY R. SINCLAIR Deputy Assistant Secretary for Budget SHIRLEY C. CAROZZA Deputy Assistant Secretary for Financial FRANK W. SULLIVAN Management 474 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Deputy Assistant Secretary for Information NADA D. HARRIS Resources Management Deputy Assistant Secretary for Acquisition GARY J. KRUMP and Materiel Management Assistant Secretary for Policy and Planning DENNIS DUFFY Executive Assistant NANCY TACKETT Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy EDWARD CHOW, JR. Associate Deputy Assistant Secretary for IRWIN PERNICK Policy Deputy Assistant Secretary for Planning NORA E. EGAN Director, National Center for Veterans H. DAVID BURGE Analysis and Statistics Assistant Secretary for Human Resources and EUGENE A. BRICKHOUSE Administration Deputy Assistant Secretary for Human RONALD E. COWLES Resources Management Deputy Assistant Secretary for Equal GERALD K. HINCH Opportunity Deputy Assistant Secretary for Administration ROBERT W. SCHULTZ Deputy Assistant Secretary for Security and JOHN H. BAFFA Law Enforcement Assistant Secretary for Public and KATHY ELENA JURADO Intergovernmental Affairs Deputy Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs JAMES H. HOLLEY Deputy Assistant Secretary for JOHN T. HANSON Intergovernmental Affairs Director, Veterans Canteen Service JAMES B. DONAHOE Assistant Secretary for Congressional Affairs EDWARD P. SCOTT Deputy Assistant Secretary for Congressional PHILIP RIGGIN Affairs

The Department of Veterans Affairs operates programs to benefit veterans and members of their families. Benefits include compensation payments for disabilities or death related to military service; pensions; education and rehabilitation; home loan guaranty; burial; and a medical care program incorporating nursing homes, clinics, and medical centers.

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Veterans Health Administration, the was established as an executive Veterans Benefits Administration, and the department by the Department of National Cemetery System. Each Veterans Affairs Act (38 U.S.C. 201 organization has field facilities and a note). The Department’s predecessor, the Central Office component. The Central Veterans Administration, had been Office also includes separate offices that established as an independent agency provide support to the top organizations’ under the President by Executive Order operations as well as to top VA 5398 of July 21, 1930, in accordance executives. Top Central Office managers, with the act of July 3, 1930 (46 Stat. including the Inspector General and 1016). This act authorized the President General Counsel, report to the highest to consolidate and coordinate the U.S. level of Department management, which Veterans Bureau, the Bureau of Pensions, consists of the Secretary of Veterans and the National Home for Volunteer Affairs and the Deputy Secretary. Soldiers. Assistant Secretaries Five Assistant The Department of Veterans Affairs Secretaries provide policy guidance, comprises three organizations that operational support, and managerial administer veterans programs: the oversight to the Secretary and Deputy DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS 475 AFFAIRS SECRETARY FOR DEPUTY ASSISTANT CONGRESSIONAL AFFAIRS FOR CONGRESSIONAL ASSISTANT SECRETARY DIRECTOR, 114 NATIONAL CEMETERIES NATIONAL CEMETERY SYSTEM CHAIRMAN, GENERAL COUNSEL FOR PUBLIC AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS BOARD OF VETERANS' APPEALS ASSISTANT SECRETARY SECRETARY FOR SECRETARY FOR CENTER FOR WOMEN VETERANS DEPUTY ASSISTANT DEPUTY ASSISTANT INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE SECRETARY FOR VETERANS SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS LIAISON INTERGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS 58 REGIONAL OFFICES UNDER SECRETARY FOR BENEFITS, VETERANS BENEFITS ADMINISTRATION SECRETARY FOR DEPUTY ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATION SECRETARY FOR DEPUTY ASSISTANT DEPUTY ASSISTANT DEPUTY ASSISTANT EQUAL OPPORTUNITY SECRETARY FOR HUMAN AND LAW ENFORCEMENT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SECRETARY SECRETARY FOR SECURITY AND ADMINISTRATION ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HUMAN RESOURCES DEPUTY SECRETARY DEPUTY DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS OF VETERANS DEPARTMENT POLICY FOR POLICY PLANNING DIRECTOR, AND PLANNING CHAIRMAN, SECRETARY FOR SECRETARY FOR DEPUTY ASSISTANT DEPUTY ASSISTANT ASSISTANT SECRETARY INSPECTOR GENERAL 173 MEDICAL CENTERS ANALYSIS AND STATISTICS DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF SMALL AND BOARD OF CONTRACT APPEALS NATIONAL CENTER FOR VETERAN UNDER SECRETARY FOR HEALTH, CENTER FOR MINORITY VETERANS VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS UTILIZATION BUDGET SECRETARY FOR SECRETARY FOR DEPUTY ASSISTANT DEPUTY ASSISTANT DEPUTY ASSISTANT DEPUTY ASSISTANT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR MANAGEMENT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND MATERIEL MANAGEMENT ASSISTANT SECRETARY SECRETARY FOR ACQUISITION SECRETARY FOR INFORMATION 476 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Secretary, the administrations, and other note). Board decisions are final within top offices. They include the Assistant VA, but may be appealed, either by the Secretaries for Management, Policy and Government or by the contractor, to the Planning, Human Resources and United States Court of Appeals for the Administration, Public and Federal Circuit. Intergovernmental Affairs, and The Board also acts as a trier of Congressional Affairs. Other central disputed material facts in debarment/ management offices are detailed as suspension proceedings. Additionally, follows. the Chairman of the Board is the senior Board of Veterans’ Appeals The Board official within the Department to of Veterans’ Appeals (BVA) is promote alternate dispute resolution responsible, on behalf of the Secretary of pursuant to the Administrative Dispute Veterans Affairs, for entering the final Resolution Act (5 U.S.C. 581 note). appellate decisions in claims of Finally, the Board is charged with entitlement to veterans’ benefits. The resolving any disputes between drug Board is also responsible for deciding manufacturers and the Secretary with matters concerning fees charged by regard to pharmaceutical pricing attorneys and agents for representation of agreements provisions of the Veterans veterans before VA. The mission of the Health Care Act of 1992 (38 U.S.C. 101 Board, set forth in title 38 of the United note). States Code, sections 7101–7109, is to conduct hearings, consider and dispose Health Services of appeals properly before the Board in The Veterans Health Administration, a timely manner, and issue quality formerly the Veterans Health Services decisions in compliance with the law. and Research Administration, provides The Board is headed by a Chairman, hospital, nursing home, and domiciliary who is appointed by the President and care, and outpatient medical and dental confirmed by the Senate, and who is care to eligible veterans of military directly responsible to the Secretary of service in the Armed Forces. It operates Veterans Affairs. Members of the Board 173 medical centers, 39 domiciliaries, are appointed by the Secretary with the 376 outpatient clinics, 131 nursing home approval of the President and are under care units, and 205 Vietnam Veteran the administrative control and Outreach Centers in the United States, supervision of the Chairman. Each BVA the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and decision is signed by a Board member the Republic of the Philippines, and acting as an agent of the Secretary. Final provides for similar care under VA BVA decisions are appealable to the auspices in non-VA hospitals and United States Court of Veterans Appeals. community nursing homes and for visits Board of Contract Appeals The Board by veterans to non-VA physicians and of Contract Appeals was established on dentists for outpatient treatment. It also March 1, 1979, pursuant to the Contract supports veterans under care in Disputes Act of 1978 (41 U.S.C. 601– hospitals, nursing homes, and 613). The Board is a statutory, quasi- domiciliaries operated by 35 States. judicial tribunal that hears and decides Under the Civilian Health and Medical appeals from decisions of Contracting Program, dependents of certain veterans Officers on claims relating to contracts are provided with medical care supplied awarded by VA, or by any other agency by non-VA institutions and physicians. when such agency or the Administrator The Administration conducts both for Federal Procurement Policy has individual medical and health-care designated the Board to decide the delivery research projects and appeal. multihospital research programs. It assists The Board’s jurisdiction includes in the education of physicians and applications for attorney fees and dentists, and with training of many other expenses under the Equal Access to health care professionals through Justice Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. 504 affiliations with educational institutions DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS 477 and organizations. These programs are —a benefits protection program all conducted as prescribed by the (fiduciary activities) for minors and Secretary of Veterans Affairs pursuant to incompetent adult beneficiaries. sections 4101–4115 of title 38 of the The Service also provides field United States Code and other statutory investigative services for other VA authority and regulations. components. Education The Education Service has Veterans Benefits responsibility for: the Montgomery GI The Veterans Benefits Administration Bill—Active Duty and Selected Reserve (VBA), formerly the Department of (chapters 30 and 1606); the Post Veterans Benefits, conducts an integrated Vietnam Era Veterans’ Educational program of veterans benefits. It provides Assistance Program (chapter 32); the information, advice, and assistance to Survivors’ and Dependents’ Educational veterans, their dependents, beneficiaries, Assistance Program (chapter 35); the representatives, and others applying for Section 901 Test Program; and school VA benefits. It also cooperates with the approvals, compliance surveys, and Department of Labor and other Federal, work study. State, and local agencies in developing Vocational Rehabilitation The employment opportunities for veterans Vocational Rehabilitation Service has and referral for assistance in resolving responsibility for: outreach, motivation, socioeconomic, housing, and other evaluation, counseling, training, related problems. In addition, VBA employment, and other rehabilitation provides information regarding veterans services to disabled veterans (chapters benefits to various branches of the 31 and 15); evaluation, counseling, and Armed Forces. miscellaneous services to veterans and Programs are provided through VA service persons (chapter 30) and other regional offices, medical centers, visits to VA education programs; evaluation, communities, and a special toll-free counseling, education, and telephone service (800–827–1000) and miscellaneous services to sons, are available in all 50 States, the District daughters, and spouses of totally and of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. permanently disabled veterans and to Compensation and Pension The surviving orphans, widows, or widowers Compensation and Pension Service has of certain deceased veterans, including responsibility for: rehabilitation services to certain —claims for disability compensation handicapped dependents (chapter 35); and pension; and affirmative action activities. Effective —automobile allowances and special October 1, 1997, the Service will have adaptive equipment; responsibility to provide vocational —claims for specially adapted training and rehabilitation for children of housing; Vietnam veterans who are born with —special clothing allowances; spina bifida (chapter 18). —emergency officers’ retirement pay; —eligibility determinations based on Loan Guaranty Loan guaranty military service for other VA benefits and operations include: appraising properties services or those of other Government to establish their values; approving agencies; grants for specially adapted housing; —survivors’ claims for death supervising the construction of new compensation, dependency and residential properties; establishing the indemnity compensation, death pension, eligibility of veterans for the program; burial and plot allowance claims; evaluating the ability of a veteran to —claims for accrued benefits; repay a loan and the credit risk; —forfeiture determinations; servicing and liquidating defaulted loans; —claims for adjusted compensation in and disposing of real estate acquired as death cases; the consequence of defaulted loans. —claims for reimbursement for Insurance Life insurance operations are headstone or marker; and for the benefit of service members, 478 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL veterans, and their beneficiaries. The members with 20 years’ qualifying day-to-day processing of all matters service, their spouses, and certain related to individual insurance accounts children in VA national cemeteries and is handled by the Regional Office and to maintain their graves; Insurance Centers in Philadelphia, PA, —to mark, upon application, the and St. Paul, MN. These two centers graves of eligible veterans worldwide, provide the full range of functional and reservists and National Guard activities necessary for a national life members with 20 years’ qualifying insurance program. Activities include the service who are buried in national, State, complete maintenance of individual or private cemeteries; accounts, underwriting functions, and —to administer the State Cemetery life and death insurance claims awards, Grants Program, which provides as well as any other insurance-related financial assistance to States for transactions. For information, call toll- establishing, improving, and expanding free, 800–669–8477 State veterans cemeteries; and The agency is also responsible for the —to provide Presidential Memorial administration of the Veterans Mortgage Certificates to the loved ones of Life Insurance program for those honorably discharged, deceased service disabled veterans who receive a VA members or veterans. grant for specially adapted housing. The National Cemetery area offices Accounts are maintained at the Regional (located in Atlanta, GA; Philadelphia, Office and Insurance Center in St. Paul, PA; and Denver, CO) provide direct MN. support to the 114 national cemeteries In addition, the agency is responsible located throughout the United States and for supervising the Servicemen’s Group Puerto Rico. Life Insurance (SGLI) and Veterans Group Life Insurance (VGLI) programs. Field Facilities Both programs are handled through the Insurance Centers Two field sites Office of Servicemen’s Group Life house all individual insurance records Insurance, 213 Washington Street, covering service members and veterans Newark, NJ 07102. For information, call under the Government–administered toll-free, 800–419–1473. programs: WW I United States Government Life Insurance; WW II National Cemetery System National Service Life Insurance; Post- The National Cemetery System (NCS) Korean Conflict; Veterans Reopened provides services to veterans, active duty Insurance for the disabled of WW II and personnel, reservists, and National Korea; and Service-Disabled Veterans Guard members with 20 years’ Insurance, the only Government– qualifying service and their families by administered program open for new operating national cemeteries; furnishing issues to disabled veterans only. headstones and markers for the graves of The two field locations are the VA U.S. veterans worldwide, service Regional Office and Insurance Centers in members, and reservists and National Philadelphia, PA, and St. Paul, MN. All Guard members with 20 years’ World War I insurance accounts, qualifying service; awarding grants to aid accounts for which the premium is paid States in establishing, improving, and by allotment from military service pay, expanding veterans cemeteries; and and those paid by deduction from VA serving as the operations element for the compensation or preauthorized debit are Presidential Memorial Certificate located at Philadelphia. All remaining Program. insurance accounts are geographically The mission of the National Cemetery distributed between the two VA System is: Centers—with the Mississippi River —to provide, upon request, the serving as the approximate line of interment of eligible service members, division. The Philadelphia Veterans veterans, reservists and National Guard Affairs Center is also responsible for DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS 479 formulating policy for the veterans Department of Veterans Affairs Regional insurance programs. Office, District of Columbia The The insurance functions performed by Department of Veterans Affairs Regional the two field stations include the total Office, District of Columbia, is a typical range of insurance operations to provide regional office with additional functions. individual policy, underwriting, and life It has global jurisdiction and grants and death insurance claims service for benefits and services provided by law for service members, veterans, and their veterans and their beneficiaries and beneficiaries. dependents residing outside the Regional Offices Department of territorial limits of the United States, and Veterans Affairs regional offices: it adjudicates certain unusual claims and —grant benefits and services provided actions not common to all regional by law for veterans, their dependents, offices, such as WW I adjusted and beneficiaries within an assigned compensation death cases, forfeiture territory; cases, and benefits under special —furnish information regarding VA enactments provided by the Congress. It benefits and services; —adjudicate claims and makes awards also maintains liaison with the Treasury for disability compensation and pension; Department on types and methods of —supervise the payment of VA payments to recipients in foreign benefits to incompetent beneficiaries; countries. —aid, guide, and prescribe vocational VA Offices The VA office provides rehabilitation training and administer veterans assistance and such other educational benefits; services as cannot be conveniently —guarantee loans for purchase of provided to veterans, their dependents manufactured homes and lots and and beneficiaries, and others in a given condominium units, purchase or locality by a regional office or center. construction or alteration of homes and Medical Centers Veterans Affairs farm residences, and under certain Medical Centers provide eligible conditions, guarantee refinancing loans; beneficiaries with medical and other —process grants for specially adapted health care services equivalent to those housing; provided by private-sector institutions, —process death claims; augmented in many instances by —assist the veteran in exercising rights services to meet the special requirements to benefits and services; and of veterans. One hundred and twenty-six —supervise VA offices under their jurisdiction. VA medical facilities are affiliated with The offices are also responsible for 107 medical facilities for residency veterans assistance activities, including training; 72 VA medical facilities are coordination of efforts of participating affiliated with 59 dental schools; and all agencies in an outreach program to centers cooperate with one or more assist returning service members. educational institutions in programs of Services to U.S. veterans in most nursing, associated health professions foreign countries normally are provided and occupations, and administrative by the VA Regional Office, District of training and related research, both in Columbia. The Honolulu Regional Office individual projects and in association serves the Islands of American Samoa, with other VA medical centers in broad the Commonwealth of the Northern cooperative studies. There are 131 Mariana Islands, Guam, Wake, and nursing home care units associated with Midway and the Trust Territory of the VA medical centers to provide skilled Pacific Islands. U.S. veterans in the nursing care and related medical Virgin Islands and Mexico are served by services to patients who are no longer in the San Juan and Houston offices, need of hospital care. respectively. Service is provided in VA Regional Office and Insurance cooperation with embassy staffs of the Centers Veterans Affairs Regional Department of State. Office and Insurance Centers combine a 480 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL regional office and an insurance center VA National Cemeteries Veterans under the jurisdiction of one director. Affairs national cemeteries are the final VA Medical and Regional Office Centers resting places for burial of the remains of Veterans Affairs Medical and Regional veterans, active duty personnel, Office Centers combine a regional office reservists, and National Guard members and a medical center or a regional with 20 years’ qualifying service, their office, medical center, and domiciliary spouses, and certain eligible dependents. under the jurisdiction of one director. Memorial markers for veterans, service Domiciliaries Veterans Affairs members, and reservists and National Domiciliaries provide the least intensive Guard members with 20 years’ level of inpatient medical care. This qualifying service, whose remains are includes necessary ambulatory medical treatment, rehabilitation, and support not available for burial, may also be services in a structured environment to placed in a national cemetery. These veterans who are unable because of their cemeteries are designated as national disabilities to provide adequately for shrines created in tribute to the sacrifices themselves in the community. of all Americans who have served in the Outpatient Clinics Veterans Affairs U.S. Armed Forces. Outpatient Clinics provide eligible beneficiaries with ambulatory care. National FacilitiesÐDepartment of Veterans Affairs

Address Type of facility Director

National Facilities Under the Veterans Health Administration, Veterans Benefits Administration, and National Cem- etery SystemÐCenters, Domiciliaries, Medical Centers, Medical and Regional Office Centers, Outpatient Clinics, Insurance Centers, Regional Offices, Supply Activities, and National Cemeteries ALABAMA: Birmingham, 35233 (700 S. 19th St.) ...... Medical Center ...... Y.C. Parris Mobile, 36604 (1202 Virginia St.) (Mail: Barrancas National Cemetery ...... Sandra Beckley National Cemetery, FL). Montgomery, 36109±3798 (215 Perry Hill Rd.) ...... Medical Center ...... (Vacancy) Montgomery, 36109 (345 Perry Hill Rd.) ...... Regional Office ...... Patrick K. Courtney Seale, 36875 (553 Hwy. 165) (Fort Mitchell Na- National Cemetery ...... William Trower tional Cemetery). Tuscaloosa, 35404 ...... Medical Center ...... (Vacancy) Tuskegee, 36083 ...... Medical Center ...... Jimmie L. Clay ALASKA: Anchorage, 99508 (2925 Debarr Rd.) ...... Outpatient Clinic and Regional Of- Al Poteet fice. Fort Richardson, 99505 (P.O. Box 5±498) ...... National Cemetery ...... Yvonne Payne, Program Specialist Sitka, 99835 (P.O. Box 1065) (Mail: Fort Richard- National Cemetery ...... Yvonne Payne, Program son National Cemetery, AK). Specialist ARIZONA: Phoenix, 85012 (7th St. and Indian School Rd.) ...... Medical Center ...... John R. Fears Phoenix, 85012 (3225 N. Central Ave.) ...... Regional Office ...... David W. Walls Phoenix, 85024 (23029 N. Cave Creek Rd.) (Na- National Cemetery ...... Mary Dill tional Memorial Cemetery of Arizona). Prescott, 86313 ...... Medical Center (medical and domi- Patricia A. McKlem ciliary). Prescott, 86301 (VA Medical Center) (500 Highway National Cemetery ...... Mary Dill 89 N.) (Mail: National Memorial Cemetery of Ari- zona). Tucson, 85723 ...... Medical Center ...... Jonathan H. Gardner ARKANSAS: Fayetteville, 72703 ...... Medical Center ...... Richard F. Robinson Fayetteville, 72701 (700 Government Ave.) ...... National Cemetery ...... James Fitzgerald Fort Smith, 72901 (522 Garland Ave.) ...... National Cemetery ...... John Bacon Little Rock, 72206 (2523 Confederate Blvd.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Mary Ann Fisher Little Rock, 72205 (300 Roosevelt Rd.) (John L. Medical Center ...... George Gray, Jr. McClellan Memorial Veterans Hospital). Little Rock Division North Little Rock Division (Mail: Little Rock) North Little Rock, 72115, (P.O. Box 1280, Bldg. 65, Regional Office ...... (Vacancy) Fort Roots). CALIFORNIA: Benicia, 94523 (150 Muir Rd.) ...... Medical Center ...... Sheila M. Cullen Fresno, 93703 (2615 Clinton Ave.) ...... Medical Center ...... James C. DeNiro DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS 481

National FacilitiesÐDepartment of Veterans Affairs—Continued

Address Type of facility Director

Gustine, 95322 (32053 W. McCabe Rd.) (San Joa- National Cemetery ...... Carla Williams quin Valley National Cemetery). Livermore, 94550 ...... Medical Center ...... (Vacancy) Loma Linda, 92357 (11201 Benton St.) (Jerry L. Medical Center ...... Dean R. Stordahl Pettis Memorial Veterans Hospital). Long Beach, 90822 (5901 E. 7th St.) ...... Medical Center ...... Jerry Boyd Los Angeles, 90013 (425 S. Hill St.) ...... Outpatient Clinic ...... Lee Nackman Los Angeles, 90024 (11000 Wilshire Blvd.) ...... Regional Office ...... Stewart F. Liff Los Angeles, 90049 (950 S. Sepulveda Blvd.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Lucy Devenney Oakland, 94612±5209 (Oakland Federal Bldg., Regional Office ...... Donald E. Stout 1301 Clay St.). Palo Alto, 94304 (3801 Miranda Ave.) ...... Medical Center ...... James A. Goff Menlo Park Division Palo Alto Division Riverside, 92518 (22495 Van Buren Blvd.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Steve Jorgensen San Bruno, 94066 (1300 Sneath Lane) (Golden National Cemetery ...... Gloria Gomez Gate National Cemetery). San Diego, 92161 (3350 La Jolla Village Dr.) ...... Medical Center ...... Gary Rossio San Diego, 92108 (2022 Camino Del Rio N.) ...... Regional Office ...... Ray W. Hall San Diego, 92166 (Point Loma, P.O. Box 6237) National Cemetery ...... (Vacancy) (Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery). San Francisco, 94121 (4150 Clement St.) ...... Medical Center ...... Lawrence C. Stewart San Francisco, 94129 (P.O. Box 29012, Presidio of National Cemetery ...... Gloria Gomez San Francisco) (Mail: Golden Gate National Cemetery, CA). Sepulveda, 91343 ...... Medical Center ...... Thomas Arnold West Los Angeles, 90073 ...... Medical Center (medical and domi- Kenneth J. Clark ciliary). COLORADO: Denver, 80220 (1055 Clermont St.) ...... Medical Center ...... Edgar Thorsland, Jr. Denver, 80225 (Denver Federal Ctr.) ...... Prosthetics Distribution Center ...... Robert A. Shields Denver, 80235 (3698 S. Sheridan Blvd.) (Fort National Cemetery ...... Art Smith Logan National Cemetery). Fort Lyon, 81038 ...... Denver Distribution Center ...... Robert E. Lee Fort Lyon, 81038 (VA Medical Center) ...... National Cemetery ...... Maintained by VAMC Engineering Service Fort Lyon, 81038 ...... Medical Center ...... W. David Smith Grand Junction, 81501 ...... Denver Distribution Center ...... Robert Shields Grand Junction, 81501 ...... Medical Center ...... Robert R. Rhyne Lakewood, 80228 (P.O. Box 25126, 155 Van Gor- Regional Office ...... Catherine L. Smith don St.). CONNECTICUT: Hartford, 06103 (450 Main St.) ...... Regional Office ...... Jeffrey Alger Newington, 06111 (555 Willard Ave.) ...... Medical Center ...... Vincent Ng West Haven, 06516 (W. Spring St.) ...... Medical Center ...... (Vacancy) DELAWARE: Wilmington, 19805 (1601 Kirkwood Hwy.) ...... Medical and Regional Office Center Dexter Dix DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Washington, 20422 (50 Irving St. NW.) ...... Medical Center ...... Sanford M. Garfunkel Washington, 20421 (1120 Vermont Ave. NW.) ...... Regional Office ...... C. Faye Norred FLORIDA: Bay Pines, 33504 (1000 Bay Pines Blvd. N.) ...... Medical Center (medical and domi- Thomas Weaver ciliary). Bay Pines, 33504 (P.O. Box 477) ...... National Cemetery ...... Jorge Baltar, Trainee Bushnell, 33513 (Florida National Cemetery) (6502 National Cemetery ...... Ronald R. Pemberton SW. 102d Ave.). Gainesville, 32608±1197 (1601 SW. Archer Rd.) .... Medical Center ...... J. Malcom Randall Lake City, 32055±5898 (801 S. Marion St.) ...... Medical Center ...... Alline L. Norman Miami, 33125 (1201 NW. 16th St.) ...... Medical Center ...... Thomas C. Doherty Pensacola, 32508±1099 (Naval Air Station) National Cemetery ...... Sandra Beckley (Barrancas National Cemetery). St. Augustine, 32084 (104 Marine St.) (Mail: Florida National Cemetery ...... Ronald R. Pemberton National Cemetery, FL). St. Petersburg, 33731 (P.O. Box 1437) ...... Regional Office ...... William D. Stinger Tampa, 33612 (13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd.) Medical Center ...... Richard A. Silver (James A. Haley Veterans Hospital). GEORGIA: Atlanta, 30365 (730 Peachtree St. NE.) ...... Regional Office ...... J. Gary Hickman Augusta, 30904±6285 (2460 Wrightsboro Rd. (10)) Medical Center ...... David Whatley Forest Hills Division Lenwood Division Decatur, 30033 (1670 Clairmont Rd.) ...... Medical Center ...... Larry Deal Dublin, 31021 ...... Medical Center (medical and domi- William O. Edgar ciliary). Marietta, 30060 (500 Washington Ave.) ...... National Cemetery ...... (Vacancy) 482 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

National FacilitiesÐDepartment of Veterans Affairs—Continued

Address Type of facility Director

HAWAII: Honolulu, 96850 (P.O. Box 50188) ...... Medical and Regional Office Center Barry G. Raff Honolulu, 96813±1729 (2177 Puowaina Dr.) (Na- National Cemetery ...... Gene E. Castagnetti tional Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific). IDAHO: Boise, 83702 (805 W. Franklin St.) ...... Regional Office ...... Barry M. Barker Boise, 83702±4598 (5th & Fort Sts.) ...... Medical Center ...... Wayne Tippets ILLINOIS: Alton, 62003 (600 Pearl St.) (Mail: Jefferson Bar- National Cemetery ...... Ralph E. Church racks National Cemetery, MO). Chicago, 60611 (333 E. Huron St.) ...... Medical Center ...... Joseph L. Moore Chicago, 60612 (820 S. Damen Ave.) ...... Medical Center ...... John J. DeNardo Chicago, 60680 (P.O. Box 8136) ...... Regional Office ...... Montgomery D. Watson Danville, 61832 ...... Medical Center ...... James S. Jones Danville, 61832 (1900 E. Main St.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Richard J. Pless Hines, 60666±0303 (Lock Box 66303, AMF O'Hare, Finance Center ...... James Burkett IL). Hines, 60141 (Edward Hines, Jr. Hospital) ...... Medical Center ...... John J. DeNardo Hines, 60141 (P.O. Box 76) ...... VA National Acquisition Center ...... Nancy L. Darn Hines, 60141 (P.O. Box 27) ...... Service and Distribution Center ...... David Garcia Marion, 62959 (2401 W. Main St.) ...... Medical Center ...... Linda Kurz Moline, 61265 (P.O. Box 737, Rock Island Arsenal) National Cemetery ...... Larry Williams (Rock Island National Cemetery). Mound City, 62963 (P.O. Box 128, Hwys. 37 & 51) National Cemetery ...... Ralph E. Church (Mail: Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery, MO). North Chicago, 60064 ...... Medical Center ...... Alfred S. Pete Quincy, 62301 (36th & Maine Sts.) (Mail: Rock Is- National Cemetery ...... Larry Williams land National Cemetery, Rock Island, IL). Springfield, 62707 (5063 Camp Butler Rd., R #1) National Cemetery ...... Leon Murphy (Camp Butler National Cemetery). INDIANA: Fort Wayne, 46805 (1600 Randalia Dr.) ...... Medical Center ...... Michael W. Murphy Indianapolis, 46202 (1481 W. 10th St.) ...... Medical Center ...... Alice L. Wood Cold Spring Road Division Tenth Street Division (Mail: 1481 W. 10th St., Indianapolis) Indianapolis, 46204 (575 N. Pennsylvania St.) ...... Regional Office ...... Dennis R. Wyant Indianapolis, 46208 (700 W. 38th St.) (Crown Hill National Cemetery ...... Bobby A. Moton National Cemetery) (Mail: Marion National Ceme- tery, IN). Marion, 46952±4589 ...... Medical Center ...... Goldialu Stone Marion, 46952 (1700 E. 38th St.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Bobby A. Moton New Albany, 47150 (1943 Elkin Ave.) (Mail: National Cemetery ...... Gary D. Peak Zachary Taylor National Cemetery, KY). IOWA: Des Moines, 50309 (210 Walnut St.) ...... Regional Office ...... Norman W. Bauer Des Moines, 50310±5774 (30th and Euclid Ave.) .... Medical Center ...... Ellen DeGeorge-Smith Iowa City, 52246±5774 (Highway 6 W.) ...... Medical Center ...... Gary L. Wilkinson Keokuk, 52632 (1701 J St.) (Mail: Rock Island Na- National Cemetery ...... Larry Williams tional Cemetery, IL). Knoxville, 50138 ...... Medical Center ...... (Vacancy) KANSAS: Fort Leavenworth, 66048 (Mail: Leavenworth Na- National Cemetery ...... Gerald T. Vitela tional Cemetery, KS). Fort Scott, 66701 (P.O. Box 917) ...... National Cemetery ...... Gerald T. Vitela Leavenworth, 66048 ...... Medical Center (medical and domi- Carole Bishop-Smith ciliary). Leavenworth, 66048 (P.O. Box 1694) ...... National Cemetery ...... Jeffrey S. Barnes Topeka, 66622 (2200 Gage Blvd.) ...... Medical Center ...... Edgar L. Tucker Wichita, 67218 (5500 E. Kellogg) ...... Medical Center ...... Jerry E. Mayhall Wichita, 67218 (5500 E. Kellogg) ...... Regional Office ...... Robert Morrell, Acting KENTUCKY: Danville, 40442 (277 N. 1st St.) (Mail: Camp Nel- National Cemetery ...... Jeffrey Teas son National Cemetery, KY). Lebanon, 40033 (20 HWY. 208E) (Mail: Zachary National Cemetery ...... Gary D. Peak Taylor National Cemetery, KY). Lexington, 40511 ...... Medical Center ...... Helen K. Cornish Cooper Drive Division Leestown Division Lexington, 40508 (833 W. Main St.) (Mail: Camp National Cemetery ...... Jeffrey Teas Nelson National Cemetery, KY). Louisville, 40202 (545 S. 3d St.) ...... Regional Office ...... Henry W. Gresham Louisville, 40202 (800 Zorn Ave.) ...... Medical Center ...... Larry J. Sander DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS 483

National FacilitiesÐDepartment of Veterans Affairs—Continued

Address Type of facility Director

Louisville, 40204 (701 Baxter Ave.) (Cave Hill Na- National Cemetery ...... Gary D. Peak tional Cemetery) (Mail: Zachary Taylor National Cemetery, KY). Louisville, 40207 (4701 Brownsboro Rd.) (Zachary National Cemetery ...... Gary D. Peak Taylor National Cemetery). Nancy, 42544 (Mill Springs National Cemetery) National Cemetery ...... Jeffrey Teas (Mail: Camp Nelson National Cemetery, KY). Nicholasville, 40356 (6980 Danville Rd.) (Camp National Cemetery ...... Jeffrey Teas Nelson National Cemetery). LOUISIANA: Alexandria, 71301 ...... Medical Center ...... Allen S. Goss Baton Rouge, 70806 (220 N. 19th St.) (Mail: Port National Cemetery ...... Virgil M. Wertenberger Hudson National Cemetery, LA). New Orleans, 70146 (1601 Peridido St.) ...... Medical Center ...... John D. Church, Jr. New Orleans, 70113 (701 Loyola Ave.) ...... Regional Office ...... William D. Fillman, Jr. Pineville, 71360 (209 E. Shamrock Ave.) (Alexan- National Cemetery ...... Sharon Bell-Goodrich, dria National Cemetery) (Mail: Natchez, NC). Trainee Shreveport, 71130 (510 E. Stoner Ave.) ...... Medical Center ...... Michael E. Hamilton Zachary, 70791 (20978 Port Hickey Rd.) (Port Hud- National Cemetery ...... Virgil M. Wertenberger son National Cemetery). MAINE: Togus, 04330 ...... Medical and Regional Office Center John H. Sims, Jr. Togus, 04330 (VA Medical and Regional Office National Cemetery ...... Kurt Rotar Center) (Mail: Massachusetts National Cemetery, MA). MARYLAND: Annapolis, 21401 (800 West St.) (Mail: Baltimore National Cemetery ...... Robin Pohlman National Cemetery, MD). Baltimore, 21201 (31 Hopkins Plz.) ...... Regional Office ...... John W. Smith Baltimore, 21218 (3900 Loch Raven Blvd.) ...... Medical Center ...... Dennis Smith Baltimore, 21228 (5501 Frederick Ave.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Robin Pohlman Baltimore, 21228 (3445 Frederick Ave.) (Loudon National Cemetery ...... Robin Pohlman Park National Cemetery) (Mail: Baltimore Na- tional Cemetery, MD). Fort Howard, 21052 ...... Medical Center ...... Nara Simhan, M.D. Perry Point, 21902 ...... Medical Center ...... Allan Gross MASSACHUSETTS: Bedford, 01730 (200 Springs Rd.) (Edith Nourse Medical Center ...... William A. Conte Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital). Boston, 02130 (150 S. Huntington Ave.) ...... Medical Center ...... Smith Jenkins, Jr. Boston, 02203 (John F. Kennedy Federal Bldg.) ..... Regional Office ...... Michael D. Olson Boston, 02108 (17 Court St.) ...... Outpatient Clinic ...... combined VA Boston Bourne, 02532 (Connary Ave.) (Massachusetts Na- National Cemetery ...... Kurt Rotar tional Cemetery). Northampton, 01060 ...... Medical Center ...... Bruce A. Gordon West Roxbury, 02132 (1400 Veterans of Foreign National Cemetery ...... Michael Lawson Wars Pkwy.). MICHIGAN: Allen Park, 48101 ...... Medical Center ...... Edward Gamache Ann Arbor, 48105 (2215 Fuller Rd.) ...... Medical Center ...... Edward Gamache Augusta, 49012 (15501 Dickman Rd.) (Fort Custer National Cemetery ...... Robert Poe National Cemetery). Battle Creek, 49106 ...... Medical Center ...... Michael K. Wheeler Detroit, 48226 (477 Michigan Ave.) ...... Regional Office ...... James A. Whitson Iron Mountain, 49801 ...... Medical Center ...... Glen W. Grippen Saginaw, 48602 (1500 Weiss St.) ...... Medical Center ...... Robert H. Sabin MINNESOTA: Minneapolis, 55417 (1 Veterans Dr.) ...... Medical Center ...... Charles A. Milbrandt Minneapolis, 55450 (7601 34th Ave., S.) (Fort National Cemetery ...... Steve Muro Snelling National Cemetery). St. Cloud, 56301 (4801 8th St. N.) ...... Medical Center ...... Barry T. Bahl St. Paul, 55111 (Bishop Henry Whipple Federal Regional Office and Insurance Cen- Ronald J. Henke Bldg., Fort Snelling). Remittances: P.O. Box 1820. ter. MISSISSIPPI: Biloxi, 39531 ...... Medical Center (medical and domi- George Rodman ciliary). Biloxi Hospital and Domiciliary Division Gulfport Hospital Division (Mail: Biloxi, MS) Biloxi, 39535±4968 (P.O. Box 4968) ...... National Cemetery ...... Douglas W. Smith, Sr. Corinth, 38834 (1551 Horton St.) (Mail: Memphis Medical Center (medical and domi- Mark E. Maynard National Cemetery, TN). ciliary). Jackson, 39216 (1500 E. Woodrow Wilson Ave.) .... Medical Center ...... Richard P. Miller Jackson, 39269 (100 W. Capitol St.) ...... Regional Office ...... Mary F. Leyland 484 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

National FacilitiesÐDepartment of Veterans Affairs—Continued

Address Type of facility Director

Natchez, 39120 (41 Cemetery Rd.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Sharon Bell-Goodrich, Trainee MISSOURI: Columbia, 65201 (800 Hospital Dr.) (Harry S. Tru- Medical Center ...... Gary Campbell man Memorial Veterans Hospital). Jefferson City, 65101 (1024 E. McCarthy) (Mail: National Cemetery ...... Ralph E. Church Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery, MO). Kansas City, 64128 (4801 Linwood Blvd.) ...... Medical Center ...... Hugh F. Doran Poplar Bluff, 63901 ...... Medical Center ...... A. Alexander, M.D. Springfield, 65804 (1702 E. Seminole St.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Dane Freeman St. Louis, 63125 ...... Medical Center ...... Donald L. Ziegenhorn John J. Cochran Division Jefferson Barracks Division St. Louis, 63115 (P.O. Box 5020) ...... Records Management Center ...... Michael C. Baker St. Louis, 63103-2271 (400 S. 18th St.) ...... Regional Office ...... Robert J. Epley St. Louis, 63125 (2900 Sheridan Dr.) (Jefferson National Cemetery ...... Ralph E. Church Barracks National Cemetery). MONTANA: Fort Harrison, 59636 ...... Medical and Regional Office Center Joseph M. Underkofler Miles City, 59301 ...... Medical Center ...... Richard J. Stanley NEBRASKA: Grand Island, 68801 ...... Medical Center ...... Michael Murphy Lincoln, 68510 (600 S. 70th St.) ...... Medical Center ...... David A. Asper Lincoln, 68516 (5631 S. 48th St.) ...... Regional Office ...... David R. Barrett Maxwell, 69151 (HCO 1, Box 67) (Fort McPherson National Cemetery ...... Jim Schwartz National Cemetery). Omaha, 68105 (4101 Woolworth Ave.) ...... Medical Center ...... John J. Phillips NEVADA: Las Vegas, 89015 (102 Lake Mead Dr.) ...... Outpatient Clinic ...... Ramon J. Reevey Reno, 89520 (1000 Locust St.) ...... Medical Center ...... Gary R. Whitfield Reno, 89520 (1201 Terminal Way) ...... Regional Office ...... Eileen Straub NEW HAMPSHIRE: Manchester, 03104 (718 Smyth Rd.) ...... Medical Center ...... Paul J. McCoch Manchester, 03101 (275 Chestnut St.) ...... Regional Office ...... Edward J. Hubbard NEW JERSEY: Beverly, 08010 (R #1, Bridgeboro Rd.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Delores T. Blake East Orange, 07019 ...... Medical Center ...... Kenneth Mizrach Lyons, 07939 ...... Medical Center ...... A. Paul Kidd Newark, 07102 (20 Washington Pl.) ...... Regional Office ...... Robert P. Van Sprang Salem, 08079 (R.F.D. 3, Fort Mott Rd., Box 542) National Cemetery ...... Delores T. Blake (Finn's Point National Cemetery) (Mail: Beverly National Cemetery, NJ). Somerville, 08876 ...... Asset Management Service ...... Sharon Dufour NEW MEXICO: Albuquerque, 87108 (2100 Ridgecrest Dr. SE.) ...... Medical Center ...... Norman E. Browne Albuquerque, 87102 (500 Gold Ave. SW.) ...... Regional Office ...... Sandra D. Epps Fort Bayard, 88036 (P.O. Box 189) (Fort Bayard National Cemetery ...... Gerald T. Vitela National Cemetery) (Mail: Fort Bliss National Cemetery, TX). Santa Fe, 87501 (P.O. Box 88, 501 N. Guadalupe National Cemetery ...... Gilbert Gallo St.). NEW YORK: Albany, 12208 (113 Holland Ave.) ...... Medical Center ...... Lawrence Flesh, M.D. Batavia, 14020 ...... Medical Center ...... Paul J. McCool Bath, 14810 ...... Medical Center (medical and domi- Michael J. Sullivan ciliary). Bath, 14810 (VA Medical Center) ...... National Cemetery ...... David G. Dimmick Bronx, 10468 (130 W. Kingsbridge Rd.) ...... Medical Center ...... MaryAnn Musumeci Brooklyn, 11209 (800 Poly Pl.) ...... Medical Center ...... James J. Farsetta Brooklyn Division St. Albans Division Brooklyn, 11205 (35 Ryerson St.) ...... Outpatient Clinic ...... James J. Farsetta Brooklyn, 11208 (625 Jamaica Ave.) (Cypress Hills National Cemetery ...... Jim Adamson National Cemetery) (Mail: Long Island National Cemetery, NY). Buffalo, 14202 (111 W. Huron St.) ...... Regional Office ...... Gregory L. Mason Buffalo, 14215 (3495 Bailey Ave.) ...... Medical Center ...... Richard S. Droske Calverton, 11933 (210 Princeton Blvd.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Patrick Hallinan Canandaigua, 14424 ...... Medical Center ...... Stuart Collyer Castle Point, 12511 ...... Medical Center ...... Ronald F. Lipp Elmira, 14901 (1825 Davis St.) (Woodlawn National National Cemetery ...... David G. Dimmick Cemetery) (Mail: Bath National Cemetery, NY). Farmingdale, 11735±1211 (2040 Wellwood Ave.) National Cemetery ...... Jim Adamson (Long Island National Cemetery). Montrose, 10548 (Franklin Delano Roosevelt Hos- Medical Center ...... William Montague pital). DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS 485

National FacilitiesÐDepartment of Veterans Affairs—Continued

Address Type of facility Director

New York, 10014 (245 W. Houston Street) ...... Regional Office ...... Joseph Thompson New York, 10001 (1st Ave. at E. 24th St.) ...... Medical Center ...... John Donnellan, Jr. Northport, Long Island, 11768 ...... Medical Center ...... Eleanor Travers, M.D. Syracuse, 13210 (Irving Ave. and University Pl.) ..... Medical Center ...... Phillip Thomas NORTH CAROLINA: Asheville, 28805 ...... Medical Center ...... James A. Christian Durham, 27705 (508 Fulton St. and Erwin Rd.) ...... Medical Center ...... Michael Phaup Fayetteville, 28301 (2300 Ramsey St.) ...... Medical Center ...... Jerome Calhoun New Bern, 28560 (1711 National Ave.) ...... National Cemetery ...... (Vacancy) Raleigh, 27610 (501 Rock Quarry Rd.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Abe Stice Salisbury, 28144 (1601 Brenner Ave.) ...... Medical Center ...... Bettye Story Salisbury, 28144 (202 Government Rd.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Margaret S. Yarborough Wilmington, 28403 (2011 Market St.) (Mail: New National Cemetery ...... (Vacancy) Bern National Cemetery, NC). Winston-Salem, 27155 (251 N. Main St.) ...... Regional Office ...... John Montgomery NORTH DAKOTA: Fargo, 58102 (655 First Ave.) ...... Medical and Regional Office Center Douglas M. Kenyon OHIO: Chillicothe, 45601 ...... Medical Center ...... Michael W. Walton Cincinnati, 45220 (3200 Vine St.) ...... Medical Center ...... Gary N. Nugent Cleveland, 44106±3800 (10701 East Blvd.) ...... Medical Center ...... Krista Ludenia Becksville Division Wade Park Division Cleveland, 44199 (1240 E. 9th St.) ...... Regional Office ...... Phillip J. Ross Columbus, 43221 (2090 Kenny Rd.) ...... Outpatient Clinic ...... Lilian T. Thome, M.D. Dayton, 45428 (VA Medical Center, 4100 W. 3d Medical Center (medical and domi- Steve Cohen, M.D. St.). ciliary). Dayton, 45428 (VA Medical Center, 4100 W. 3d National Cemetery ...... Karen J. DuHart St.). OKLAHOMA: Fort Gibson, 74434 (1423 Cemetery Rd.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Candice Underwood Muskogee, 74401 (Memorial Station, Honor Heights Medical Center ...... Billy Valentine Dr.). Muskogee, 74401 (125 S. Main St.) ...... Regional Office ...... Jerry G. McRae Oklahoma City, 73104 (921 NE. 13th St.) ...... Medical Center ...... Steve J. Gentling OREGON: Eagle Point, 97524 (2763 Riley Rd.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Darryl Ferrell Portland, 97207 (3710 SW. U.S. Veterans Hospital Medical Center ...... William Ted Galey, M.D. Rd.). Portland, 97204 (1220 SW. 3d Ave.) ...... Regional Office ...... Joseph Williams Portland, 97266±6937 (11800 SE. Mt. Scott Blvd., National Cemetery ...... Billy D. Murphy P.O. Box 66147) (Willamette National Cemetery). Roseburg, 97470±6513 ...... Medical Center ...... Alan S. Perry Roseburg, 97470 (VA Medical Center) (Mail: Wil- National Cemetery ...... Billy D. Murphy lamette National Cemetery, OR). White City, 97503 ...... Domiciliary ...... George H. Andries, Jr. PENNSYLVANIA: Altoona, 16602±4377 ...... Medical Center ...... Gerald L. Williams Annville, 17003±9618 (R 2, Box 484) (Indiantown National Cemetery ...... Charlene R. Lewis Gap National Cemetery). Aspinwall (see Pittsburgh, 15240) Butler, 16001±2480 ...... Medical Center ...... Peter Stajduhar, M.D. Coatesville, 19320 ...... Medical Center ...... Gary W. Devansky Erie, 16501 (135 E. 38th St. Blvd.) ...... Medical Center ...... Stephen M. Lucas Lebanon, 17042 ...... Medical Center ...... Leonard Washington, Jr. Philadelphia, 19101 (5000 Wissahickon Ave.) (In- Regional Office and Insurance Cen- Thomas M. Lastowka surance remittances: P.O. Box 7787). (Mail: P.O. ter. Box 42954). Philadelphia, 19104 (University and Woodland Medical Center ...... Earl F. Falast Aves.). Philadelphia, 19138 (Haines St. and Limekiln Pike) National Cemetery ...... Delores T. Blake (Mail: Beverly National Cemetery, NJ). Pittsburgh, 15222 (1000 Liberty Ave.) ...... Regional Office ...... Barry S. Jackson Pittsburgh, 15206 (Highland Dr.) ...... Medical Center ...... Thomas A. Cappello Pittsburgh, 15240 (University Dr. C) ...... Medical Center ...... Thomas A. Cappello Aspinwall Division Pittsburgh Division (Mail: University Drive, Pittsburgh) Wilkes-Barre, 18711 (1111 East End Blvd.) ...... Medical Center ...... Reedes Hurt PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC: Manila (1131 Roxas Blvd.) (APO 96440) ...... Regional Office and Outpatient Clin- Robert F. Moakley ic. PUERTO RICO: Bayamon, 00960 (P.O. Box 1298) (Puerto Rico Na- National Cemetery ...... Jorge Lopez tional Cemetery). 486 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

National FacilitiesÐDepartment of Veterans Affairs—Continued

Address Type of facility Director

Hato Rey, 00918 (U.S. Courthouse and Federal Bldg., Carlos E. Chardon St.). San Juan, 00927±5800 (Barrio Monacillos G.P.O., Medical Center ...... Jamie Palmer Box 364867). San Juan, 00936 (U.S. Courthouse and Federal Regional Office ...... Gary L. Cole Bldg., Carlos E. Chardon St., Hato Rey, G.P.O. Box 364867). RHODE ISLAND: Providence, 02903 (380 Westminster Mall) ...... Regional Office ...... Peter Wells Providence, 02908 (Davis Park) ...... Medical Center ...... Edward H. Seiler SOUTH CAROLINA: Beaufort, 29902 (1601 Boundary St.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Walter A. Gray Charleston, 29401±5799 (109 Bee St.) ...... Medical Center ...... R. John Vogel Columbia, 29201 (William Jennings Bryan Dorn Medical Center ...... Robert M. Athey Veterans Hospital). Columbia, 29201 (1801 Assembly St.) ...... Regional Office ...... R. Stedman Sloan, Jr. Florence, 29501 (803 E. National Cemetery Rd.) .... National Cemetery ...... Kenneth LaFevor SOUTH DAKOTA: Fort Meade, 57741 ...... Medical Center ...... Peter P. Henry Hot Springs, 57747 (Fort Meade National Ceme- Medical Center (medical and domi- Daniel Marsh tery). ciliary). Hot Springs, 57747 (VA Medical Center) (Mail: National Cemetery ...... Douglas D. Miner Black Hills National Cemetery, SD). Sioux Falls, 57117 (Royal C. Johnson Veterans Medical Center and Regional Office R. Vincent Crawford Memorial Hospital) (Mail: P.O. Box 5046, 25051 W. 22d St.). Sturgis, 57785 (P.O. Box 640) (Mail: Black Hills Na- tional Cemetery). Sturgis, 57785 (P.O. Box 640) (Black Hills National National Cemetery ...... Douglas D. Miner Cemetery). TENNESSEE: Chattanooga, 37404 (1200 Bailey Ave.) ...... National Cemetery ...... James Wallace Knoxville, 37917 (939 Tyson St. NW.) (Mail: Moun- National Cemetery ...... Rodney Dunn tain Home). Madison, 37115±4619 (1420 Gallatin Rd. S.) National Cemetery ...... Joe Nunnally (Nashville National Cemetery). Memphis, 38104 (1030 Jefferson Ave.) ...... Medical Center ...... Kenneth L. Mulholland, Jr. Memphis, 38122 (3568 Townes Ave.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Mark E. Maynard Mountain Home, 37684 (Johnson City) ...... Medical Center (medical and domi- Carl Gerber, M.D. ciliary). Mountain Home, 37684 (P.O. Box 8) ...... National Cemetery ...... Rodney Dunn Murfreesboro, 37129±1236 ...... Medical Center ...... Brian Heckert Nashville, 37212±2637 (1310 24th Ave. S.) ...... Medical Center ...... Larry E. Deters Nashville, 37203 (110 9th Ave. S.) ...... Regional Office ...... Thomas R. Jensen TEXAS: Amarillo, 79106 (6010 Amarillo Blvd. W.) ...... Medical Center ...... Wallace M. Hopkins Austin, 78772 (1615 E. Woodward St.) ...... Automation Center ...... Robert Evans Austin, 78714±9575 (P.O. Box 149975) ...... Finance Center ...... Harlan R. Hively Big Spring, 79720 ...... Medical Center ...... Cary Brown Bonham, 75418 (Sam Rayburn Memorial Veterans Medical Center (medical and domi- Charles Freeman Center). ciliary). Dallas, 75216 (4500 S. Lancaster Rd.) ...... Medical Center ...... George M. Moore, Jr. El Paso, 79925 (5919 Brook Hollow Dr.) ...... Outpatient Clinic ...... Frank Caldwell Fort Bliss, 79906 (5200 Fred Wilson Rd., P.O. Box National Cemetery ...... Gerald T. Vitela 6342). Houston, 77030 (2002 Holcombe Blvd.) ...... Medical Center ...... Robert F. Stott Houston, 77030 (6900 Almeda Rd.) ...... Regional Office ...... Thomas R. Wagner Houston, 77038 (10410 Veterans Memorial Dr.) ..... National Cemetery ...... Clyde Rowney Kerrville, 78028 ...... Medical Center ...... Dan W. Bacon, M.D. Kerrville, 78028 (VA Medical Center, 3600 Memo- National Cemetery ...... Joe A. Ramos rial Blvd.) (Mail: Fort Sam Houston, TX). Marlin, 76661 ...... Medical Center ...... Jay Butala San Antonio, 78285 (7400 Merton Minter Blvd.) Medical Center ...... Jose R. Coronado (Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Hospital). San Antonio, 78202 (517 Paso Hondo St.) (Mail: National Cemetery ...... Joe A. Ramos Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery, TX). San Antonio, 78209 (1520 Harry Wurzbach Rd.) National Cemetery ...... Joe A. Ramos (Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery). Temple, 76504 (Olin E. Teague Veterans Center) .. Medical Center (medical and domi- Dean Billik ciliary). Waco, 76711 (4800 Memorial Dr.) ...... Medical Center ...... A. Reddy, M.D., Acting Waco, 76799 (1400 N. Valley Mills Dr.) ...... Regional Office ...... Lois High UTAH: Salt Lake City, 84147 (125 S. State St.) ...... Regional Office ...... Douglas B. Wadsworth Salt Lake City, 84148 (500 Foothill Blvd.) ...... Medical Center ...... (Vacancy) DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS 487

National FacilitiesÐDepartment of Veterans Affairs—Continued

Address Type of facility Director

VERMONT: White River Junction, 05009 ...... Medical and Regional Office Center Gary M. DeGasta VIRGINIA: Alexandria, 22314 (1450 Wilkes St.) (Mail: National Cemetery ...... Lawrence Bibbs Culpeper National Cemetery, VA). Culpeper, 22701 (305 U.S. Ave.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Lawrence Bibbs Danville, 24541 (721 Lee St.) (Mail: Salisbury Na- National Cemetery ...... Margaret S. Yarborough tional Cemetery, NC). Hampton, 23667 ...... Medical Center (medical and domi- William G. Wright ciliary). Hampton, 23667 (Cemetery Rd. at Marshall Ave., National Cemetery ...... Homer D. Hardamon VA). Hampton, 23667 (VA Medical Center) (Mail: Ceme- National Cemetery ...... Homer D. Hardamon tery Rd. at Marshall Ave., VA). Hopewell, 23860 (10th Ave. and Davis St.) (City National Cemetery ...... Homer D. Hardamon Point National Cemetery) (Mail: Richmond Na- tional Cemetery, VA). Leesburg, 22075 (Route 7) (Balls Bluff National National Cemetery ...... Lawrence Bibbs Cemetery) (Mail: Culpeper National Cemetery, VA). Mechanicsville, 23111 (Route 156 N.) (Cold Harbor National Cemetery ...... Homer D. Hardamon National Cemetery) (Mail: Richmond National Cemetery, VA). Richmond, 23249 (1201 Broad Rock Rd.) ...... Medical Center ...... James W. Dudley Richmond, 23231 (1701 Williamsburg Rd.) ...... National Cemetery ...... Homer D. Hardamon Richmond, 23231 (8620 Varina Rd.) (Fort Harrison National Cemetery ...... Homer D. Hardamon National Cemetery) (Mail: Richmond National Cemetery, VA). Richmond, 23231 (8301 Willis Church Rd.) (Glen- National Cemetery ...... Homer D. Hardamon dale National Cemetery) (Mail: Richmond Na- tional Cemetery, VA). Roanoke, 24011 (210 Franklin Rd. SW.) ...... Regional Office ...... James A. Maye Salem, 24153 ...... Medical Center ...... John M. Presley Sandston, 23150 (400 E. Williamsburg Rd.) (Seven National Cemetery ...... Homer D. Hardamon Pines National Cemetery) (Mail: Richmond Na- tional Cemetery, VA). Staunton, 24401 (901 Richmond Ave.) (Mail: National Cemetery ...... Lawrence Bibbs Culpeper National Cemetery, VA). Triangle, 22172 (R #619, 18424 Joplin Rd.) National Cemetery ...... Patricia K. Novak (Quantico National Cemetery). Winchester, 22601 (401 National Ave.) (Mail: National Cemetery ...... Lawrence Bibbs Culpeper National Cemetery, VA). WASHINGTON: American Lake, Tacoma, 98493 ...... Medical Center ...... Frank Taylor Seattle, 98174 (915 2d Ave.) ...... Regional Office ...... Carl W. Hawkins, Acting Seattle, 98108 (4435 Beacon Ave., S.) ...... Medical Center ...... Timothy Williams Spokane, 99205 (N. 4815 Assembly St.) ...... Medical Center ...... Joseph M. Manley Walla Walla, 99362 (77 Wainwright Dr.) ...... Medical Center ...... George Marnell WEST VIRGINIA: Beckley, 25801 (200 Veterans Ave.) ...... Medical Center ...... Gerald Husson Clarksburg, 26301 ...... Medical Center ...... Michael W. Neusch Grafton, 26354 (R #2, Box 127) (West Virginia Na- National Cemetery ...... Frank Wilimzig, Trainee tional Cemetery). Grafton, 26354 (431 Walnut St.) (Mail: West Vir- National Cemetery ...... Frank Wilimzig, Trainee ginia National Cemetery, WV) (Grafton National Cemetery, WV). Huntington, 25701 (1540 Spring Valley Dr.) ...... Medical Center ...... (Vacancy) Huntington, 25701 (640 4th Ave.) ...... Regional Office ...... Michael Walcoff Martinsburg, 25401 ...... Medical Center (medical and domi- Richard Pell, Jr. ciliary). WISCONSIN: Madison, 53705 (2500 Overlook Ter.) (William S. Medical Center ...... Nathan L. Geraths Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital). Milwaukee, 53295±4000 (5000 W. National Ave.) ... Medical Center (medical and domi- Russell E. Struble ciliary). Milwaukee, 53295±4000 (5000 W. National Ave., Regional Office ...... Jon A. Baker Bldg. 6). Milwaukee, 53295±4000 (5000 W. National Ave.) National Cemetery ...... Richard A. Anderson (Wood National Cemetery). Tomah, 54660 ...... Medical Center ...... Stanley Q. Johnson WYOMING: Cheyenne, 82001 (2360 E. Pershing Blvd.) ...... Medical Center ...... Frank Drake Sheridan, 82801 ...... Medical Center ...... (Vacancy) 488 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Sources of Information Employment The Department of Veterans Affairs employs physicians, Audiovisuals Persons interested in the dentists, podiatrists, optometrists, nurses, availability of VA video productions or nurse anesthetists, physician assistants, exhibits for showing outside VA may expanded-function dental auxiliaries, write the Chief, Media Services Division registered respiratory therapists, certified (032B), Department of Veterans Affairs, respiratory technicians, licensed physical 810 Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, therapists, occupational therapists, DC 20420. Phone, 202–273–9781 or pharmacists, and licensed practical or 9782. vocational nurses under VA’s excepted Contracts and Small Business Activities merit system. This system does not Persons seeking to do business with the require civil service eligibility. Other Department of Veterans Affairs may professional, technical, administrative, contact the Director, Acquisition and clerical occupations exist in VA that Resources Service (95), 810 Vermont do require civil service eligibility. Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20420. Persons interested in employment should Phone, 202–273–8815. A brochure contact the Human Resources entitled Doing Business With the Management Office at their nearest VA Department of Veterans Affairs, which facility. All qualified applicants will describes acquisition opportunities and receive consideration for appointments contact points, is available upon request. without regard to race, religion, color, The Office of Acquisition and Materiel national origin, sex, political affiliation, Management also distributes information or any nonmerit factor. regarding VA business opportunities Freedom of Information Act Requests electronically through the Internet, at Inquiries should be directed to the http://www.va.gov/oa&mm/index.htm. Assistant Secretary for Management, The Handbook for Veterans in Information Management Service Business, prepared with the veteran in (045A4), 810 Vermont Avenue NW., mind, which contains information on Washington, DC 20420. Phone, 202– procurement programs, acquisition 273–8135. regulatory requirements, and general Inspector General Inquiries and Hotline guidance on marketing the Federal Publicly available documents and Government, and more specifically VA, information on the VA Office of is also available to veterans upon Inspector General are available request. Persons seeking information electronically through the Internet, at regarding special contracting and http://www.va.gov/oig/homepage.htm. subcontracting programs for small, Complaints may be sent by mail to the disadvantaged, 8(a) certified, and VA Inspector General (53E), P.O. Box women- and veteran-owned small 50410, Washington, DC 20091–0410. businesses may contact the Director, Hotline phone, 800–488–8244. E-mail, Office of Small and Disadvantaged [email protected]. Business Utilization (00SB). Phone, 202– Medical Center (Hospital) Design, 565–8124. Construction, and Related Services VA The Veterans Benefits Administration projects requiring services for design, enforces laws which prohibit construction, and other related services discrimination on the basis of race, are advertised in the Commerce Business color, national origin, disability, and age Daily. Architectural/engineering firms in federally assisted programs. interested in designing VA medical Information regarding these laws can be center construction projects may write to obtained from the nearest VA regional the Director, Program Support Service office. (187B). Phone, 202–565–4181. Electronic Access Information Construction contractors should address concerning the Department of Veterans their inquiries to the Chief, Office and Affairs is available electronically through Library Support Division (182C). Phone, the Internet, at http://www.va.gov/. 202–565–5171. Contact either office at DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS 489 the Department of Veterans Affairs indexes and BVA decisions for 1992 and Central Office, 810 Vermont Avenue 1993 are also available on CD–ROM for NW., Washington, DC 20420; or write $30. The VADEX/CITATOR of Appellate to the Chief, Acquisition and Materiel Research Materials is a complete printed Management, at any VA medical center quarterly looseleaf cumulation of or regional office center (see listing in research material which may be the preceding text). purchased for $175 with binder and for News Media Representatives of the $160 without binder. The Vadex media outside Washington, DC, may Infobase, a computer-searchable version contact VA through the nearest regional of the VADEX, is also available on Office of Public Affairs: diskettes for $100 per copy. These Atlanta (404–347–3236) publications may be obtained by Chicago (312–353–4076) contacting Promisel and Korn, Inc. Dallas (214–767–9270) Phone, 301–986–0650. Beginning in Denver (303–914–5855) Los Angeles (310–268–4207) 1993, archived decisions of the Board of New York (212–807–3429) Veterans’ Appeals are available on CD– National and Washington, DC, media ROM, which may be obtained from the may contact the Office of Public Affairs Superintendent of Documents, in the VA Central Office, 810 Vermont Government Printing Office, Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20420. Washington, DC 20402. Phone, 202–273–5700. VA Pamphlet, A Summary of Publications Annual Report of the Department of Veteran Affairs Benefits Secretary of Veterans Affairs may be (27–82–2), may be obtained, without obtained (in single copies), without charge, from any VA regional office. charge, from the Reports and Information Interments in VA National Cemeteries, Service (008C2), 810 Vermont Avenue VA NCS–IS–1, provides a list of national NW., Washington, DC 20420. cemeteries and information on The 1997 VA pamphlet Federal procedures and eligibility for burial. Benefits for Veterans and Dependents Copies may be obtained without charge (80–97–1), is available for sale by the from the National Cemetery System Superintendent of Documents, (402B2), 810 Vermont Avenue NW., Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20420. Washington, DC 20402. Board of Veterans Appeals Index (I– A construction research report listing 01–1), an index to appellate decisions, is may be obtained from the Director, available on microfiche in annual Program Management and Planning cumulation from July 1977 through Office (O82), Office of Facilities, December 1994. The quarterly indexes Department of Veterans Affairs, 811 may be purchased for $7 and annual Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, DC cumulative indexes for $22.50. Annual 20420. Phone, 202–565–5781.

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Department of Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20420. Phone, 202–273–5700.

Independent Establishments and Government Corporations

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION 1400 Eye Street NW., Washington, DC 20005 Phone, 202–673–3916

Board of Directors: Chairman ERNEST G. GREEN Vice Chair WILLIE GRACE CAMPBELL Members of the Board CECIL BANKS, MARION DAWSON- CARR, JOHN HICKS, HENRY MCKOY, GEORGE MOOSE Staff: President WILLIAM R. FORD Vice President NATHANIEL FIELDS [For the African Development Foundation statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 22, Part 1501]

The African Development Foundation assists and supports indigenous, community- based self-help organizations in their efforts to solve their own development problems.

The African Development Foundation promote opportunities for community was established by the African development; Development Foundation Act (22 U.S.C. —stimulate and promote effective and 290h) as a nonprofit Government expanding participation of Africans in corporation to support the self-help their development process; and efforts of poor people in African countries. The Foundation became —encourage the establishment and operational in 1984 and is governed by growth of development institutions that a seven-member Board of Directors, are indigenous to particular countries in appointed by the President with the Africa and that can respond to the advice and consent of the Senate. By requirements of the poor in those law, five Board members are from the countries. private sector and two are from the To carry out its purposes, the Government. The purposes of the Foundation are to: Foundation makes grants, loans, and —strengthen the bonds of friendship loan guarantees to African private and understanding between the people groups, associations, or other entities of Africa and the United States; engaged in peaceful activities that —support self-help development enable the people of Africa to develop activities at the local level designed to more fully. 491 492 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Officer, African Development Foundation, 10th Floor, 1400 Eye Street NW., Washington, DC 20005. Phone, 202–673–3916.

CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Washington, DC 20505 Phone, 703–482–1100

Director of Central Intelligence GEORGE J. TENET, Acting Deputy Director of Central Intelligence GEORGE J. TENET [For the Central Intelligence Agency statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 32, Part 1900]

The Central Intelligence Agency collects, evaluates, and disseminates vital information on political, military, economic, scientific, and other developments abroad needed to safeguard national security.

The Central Intelligence Agency was —collects, produces, and disseminates established under the National Security counterintelligence and foreign Council by the National Security Act of intelligence, including information not 1947, as amended (50 U.S.C. 401 et otherwise obtainable. The collection of seq.). It now functions under that statute, counterintelligence or foreign Executive Order 12333 of December 4, intelligence within the United States 1981, and other laws, regulations, and shall be coordinated with the Federal directives. Bureau of Investigation (FBI) as required The Director of Central Intelligence by procedures agreed upon by the heads both the Intelligence Community Director of Central Intelligence and the and the Central Intelligence Agency and Attorney General; is the President’s principal adviser on —collects, produces, and disseminates intelligence matters. The Director and intelligence on foreign aspects of Deputy Director of Central Intelligence narcotics production and trafficking; are appointed by the President with the —conducts counterintelligence advice and consent of the Senate. activities outside the United States and, without assuming or performing any The Central Intelligence Agency, internal security functions, conducts under the direction of the President or counterintelligence activities within the the National Security Council: United States in coordination with the —advises the National Security FBI as required by procedures agreed Council in matters concerning such upon by the Director of Central intelligence activities of the Government Intelligence and the Attorney General; departments and agencies as relate to —coordinates counterintelligence national security; activities and the collection of —makes recommendations to the information not otherwise obtainable National Security Council for the when conducted outside the United coordination of such intelligence States by other departments and activities of the departments and agencies; agencies of the Government as relate to —conducts special activities approved the national security; by the President. No agency, except the —correlates and evaluates intelligence Central Intelligence Agency (or the relating to the national security and Armed Forces of the United States in provides for the appropriate time of war declared by Congress or dissemination of such intelligence within during any period covered by a report the Government; from the President to the Congress under COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 493 the War Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. commands to enhance battlefield 1541 et seq.)), may conduct any special awareness; activity unless the President determines —conducts such administrative and that another agency is more likely to technical support activities within and achieve a particular objective; —carries out or contracts for research, outside the United States as are development, and procurement of necessary to perform its functions, technical systems and devices relating to including procurement and essential authorized functions; cover and proprietary arrangements; and —protects the security of its —performs such other functions and installations, activities, information, duties relating to intelligence that affect property, and employees by appropriate the national security as the National means, including such investigations of Security Council may from time to time applicants, employees, contractors, and direct. other persons with similar associations with the Agency, as are necessary; The Agency has no police, subpoena, —collects, produces, and disseminates or law enforcement powers or internal military intelligence to military security functions.

For further information, contact the Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, DC 20505. Phone, 703–482– 1100.

COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION 1155 21st Street NW., Washington, DC 20581 Phone, 202–418–5000

Chairperson BROOKSLEY BORN Commissioners JOSEPH B. DIAL, BARBARA P. HOLUM, DAVID D. SPEARS, JOHN E. TULL, JR. General Counsel DANIEL R. WALDMAN Executive Director DONALD L. TENDICK, Acting [For the Commodity Futures Trading Commission statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 17, Part 140]

The Commodity Futures Trading Commission promotes healthy economic growth, protects the rights of customers, and ensures fairness and integrity in the marketplace through regulation of futures trading. To this end, it also engages in the analysis of economic issues affected by or affecting futures trading.

The Commodity Futures Trading The Commission consists of five Commission (CFTC) , the Federal Commissioners who are appointed by regulatory agency for futures trading, the President, with the advice and was established by the Commodity consent of the Senate. One Futures Trading Commission Act of 1974 Commissioner is designated by the (7 U.S.C. 4a). The Commission began President to serve as Chairperson. The operation in April 1975, and its authority Commissioners serve staggered 5-year to regulate futures trading was renewed terms, and by law no more than three by Congress in 1978, 1982, 1986, 1992, Commissioners can belong to the same and 1995. political party. 494 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL (LOS ANGELES) WESTERN REGION DIVISION OF ENFORCEMENT OFFICE COMMISSIONER MINNEAPOLIS (CHICAGO) CENTRAL REGION AND MARKETS DIVISION OF TRADING COMMISSIONER (KANSAS CITY) SOUTHWESTERN REGION CHAIRPERSON OFFICES OF THE DIVISION OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS (NEW YORK) CHAIRPERSON EASTERN REGION OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OFFICE OF PROCEEDINGS COMMISSIONER OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL COMMISSIONER CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION 495

The Commission has five major fair and that it protects both the rights of operating components: the Divisions of customers and the financial integrity of Enforcement, Economic Analysis, and the marketplace. It approves the rules Trading and Markets, and the Offices of under which an exchange proposes to the Executive Director and the General operate and monitors exchange Counsel. enforcement of those rules. It reviews the terms of proposed futures contracts, and Activities registers companies and individuals who The Commission regulates trading on the handle customer funds or give trading 11 U.S. futures exchanges, which offer advice. The Commission also protects active futures and options contracts. It the public by enforcing rules that require also regulates the activities of numerous that customer funds be kept in bank commodity exchange members, public accounts separate from accounts brokerage houses (futures commission maintained by firms for their own use, merchants), Commission-registered and that such customer accounts be futures industry salespeople and marked to present market value at the associated persons, commodity trading close of trading each day. advisers, and commodity pool operators. Large regional offices are maintained Some off-exchange transactions in Chicago, IL, and New York, NY, involving instruments similar in nature to where many of the Nation’s futures futures contracts also fall under exchanges are located. Smaller regional Commission jurisdiction. offices are located in Kansas City, MO, The Commission’s regulatory and and Los Angeles, CA. A suboffice of the enforcement efforts are designed to Kansas City regional office is located in ensure that the futures trading process is Minneapolis, MN.

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, 1155 21st Street NW., Washington, DC 20581. Phone, 202–418–5080.

CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION East West Towers, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814 Phone, 301–504–0580

Chairman ANN BROWN Commissioners MARY SHEILA GALL, THOMAS H. MOORE, (2 VACANCIES) General Counsel JEFFREY S. BROMME Director, Office of Congressional Relations ROBERT J. WAGER Director, Office of the Secretary SADYE E. DUNN Freedom of Information Officer TODD A. STEVENSON Director, Office of Equal Employment JOHN W. BARRETT, JR. Opportunity and Minority Enterprise Executive Director PAMELA GILBERT Deputy Executive Directors CLARENCE T. BISHOP, THOMAS W. MURR, JR. Inspector General THOMAS F. STEIN Director, Office of Human Resources BEVERLY M. ST.CLAIR Management Director, Office of Information Services DOUGLAS G. NOBLE Director, Office of Planning and Evaluation ROBERT E. FRYE 496 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Office of Information and Public KATHLEEN P. BEGALA Affairs Director, Office of the Budget EDWARD E. QUIST Associate Executive Director for Administration MAUNA V. KAMMER Associate Executive Director for Field THOMAS W. MURR, JR. Operations Assistant Executive Director for Compliance DAVID SCHMELTZER Assistant Executive Director for Hazard RONALD L. MEDFORD Identification and Reduction Associate Executive Director for Engineering ANDREW G. STADNIK Sciences Associate Executive Director for MARY ANN DANELLO Epidemiology and Health Sciences Associate Executive Director for Laboratory ANDREW G. ULSAMER Sciences Associate Executive Director for Economic WARREN J. PRUNELLA Analysis [For the Consumer Product Safety Commission statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, Part 1000]

The Consumer Product Safety Commission protects the public against unreasonable risks of injury from consumer products; assists consumers in evaluating the comparative safety of consumer products; develops uniform safety standards for consumer products and minimizes conflicting State and local regulations; and promotes research and investigation into the causes and prevention of product- related deaths, illnesses, and injuries.

The Consumer Product Safety —requires, where appropriate, Commission is an independent Federal corrective action with respect to specific regulatory agency established by the substantially hazardous consumer Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. products already in commerce; 2051 et seq.). The Commission consists —collects information on consumer of five Commissioners, appointed by the product-related injuries and maintains a President with the advice and consent of comprehensive Injury Information the Senate, one of whom is appointed Clearinghouse; Chairman. —conducts research on consumer The Commission is responsible for product hazards; implementing provisions of the —encourages and assists in the Flammable Fabrics Act (15 U.S.C. 1191), development of voluntary standards the Poison Prevention Packaging Act of related to the safety of consumer 1970 (15 U.S.C. 1471), the Federal products; Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. —establishes, where appropriate, 1261), and the act of August 2, 1956 (15 mandatory consumer product standards; U.S.C. 1211), which prohibits the —bans, where appropriate, hazardous transportation of refrigerators without consumer products; and door safety devices. —conducts outreach programs for consumers, industry, and local Activities governments. To help protect the public from unreasonable risks of injury associated Offices with consumer products, the The Commission’s headquarters is Commission: located at East West Towers, 4330 East —requires manufacturers to report West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814. defects in products that could create Regional offices are located in Chicago, substantial hazards; IL; New York, NY; and San Francisco, CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION 497 OFFICE OF EQUAL OPPORTUNITY AND MINORITY ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL DIRECTORATE FOR DIRECTORATE FOR LABORATORY SCIENCES ENGINEERING SCIENCES REDUCTION ADMINISTRATION DIRECTORATE FOR OFFICE OF HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL BUDGET ECONOMICS CHAIRMAN OFFICE OF THE DIRECTORATE FOR HEALTH SCIENCES DIRECTORATE FOR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICE OF INFORMATION OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR SERVICES COMMISSIONER COMMISSIONER COMMISSIONER DIVISION OF OFFICE OF HUMAN AND EVALUATION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY OFFICE OF PLANNING CORRECTIVE ACTIONS OFFICE OF INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF RELATIONS CONGRESSIONAL MANAGEMENT DIRECTORATE FOR FIELD OPERATIONS OFFICE OF COMPLIANCE DIVISION OF REGULATORY COMMISSIONER LITIGATION DIVISION OF ADMINISTRATIVE SECRETARY OFFICE OF THE 498 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

CA. Field offices are maintained in General Inquiries Information on various cities. Commission activities may be obtained from the Office of Information and Sources of Information Public Affairs, Consumer Product Safety Consumer Information The Commission, Washington, DC 20207. Commission operates a toll-free Phone, 301–504–0580. Consumer Product Safety Hotline, 800– Reading Room A public information 638–CPSC; and a teletypewriter for the room is maintained at the Commission hearing-impaired, 800–638–8270 (or in headquarters. Maryland only, 800–492–8140).

For further information, contact the Office of Information and Public Affairs, Consumer Product Safety Commission, East West Towers, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814. Phone, 301–504–0580.

CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE 1201 New York Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20525 Phone, 202–606–5000

Board of Directors: Chair BOB ROGERS Members VICTOR ASHE, THOMAS EHRLICH,C HRISTOPHER GALLAGHER,R EATHA CLARK KING, CAROL KINSLEY, LESLIE LENKOWSKY,A RTHUR NAPARSTEK, ELI SEGAL, (6 VACANCIES) Members (ex officio) (Secretary of Agriculture) DAN GLICKMAN (Secretary of Defense) WILLIAM S. COHEN (Secretary of Education) RICHARD W. RILEY (Secretary of Health and Human Services) DONNA E. SHALALA (Secretary of Housing and Urban ANDREW M. CUOMO Development) (Secretary of the Interior) BRUCE BABBITT (Secretary of Labor) ALEXIS M. HERMAN (Attorney General) JANET RENO (Director, Peace Corps) MARK GEARAN (Administrator, Environmental Protection CAROL M. BROWNER Agency) (Chief Executive Officer, Corporation for HARRIS WOFFORD National and Community Service) Staff: Chief Executive Officer HARRIS WOFFORD Chief Operating Officer FRANK S. BEAL, Acting Chief of Staff JOHN S. GOMPERTS Director, AmeriCorps DEBORAH JOSPIN, Acting Director, National Senior Service Corps THOMAS ENDRES Director, Learn and Serve America MARILYN W. SMITH CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE 499

Chief Financial Officer DONNA H. CUNNINGHAME Director, Planning and Program Integration GARY KOWALCZYK Director, Evaluation and Effective Practices (VACANCY) Inspector General LUISE S. JORDAN General Counsel (VACANCY) Director, Congressional and Intergovernmental EUGENE SOFER Affairs Director, Public Affairs J. TOSCANO Director, Public Liaison MELINDA HUDSON Director, Human Resources PHYLLIS BEAULIEU

The Corporation for National and Community Service engages Americans of all backgrounds in community-based service which addresses the Nation’s educational, public safety, human, and environmental needs to achieve direct and demonstrable results. In so doing, the Corporation fosters civic responsibility, strengthens the ties that bind us together as a people, and provides educational opportunity for those who make a substantial service contribution.

The Corporation for National and Agriculture, Defense, Education, Health Community Service (Corporation) was and Human Services, Housing and established by the National and Urban Development, Interior, and Labor; Community Service Act of 1993 (42 the Attorney General, the Environmental U.S.C. 12651 et seq.). The Corporation Protection Agency Administrator, the assumed the programs and authorities of Peace Corps Director, and the Chief the Commission on National and Executive Officer of the Corporation Community Service and effective April 1, serve as ex officio members of the 1994, incorporated programs previously Board. The Board has responsibility for administered by ACTION under authority of the Domestic Volunteer overall policy direction of the Service Act of 1973, as amended (42 Corporation’s activities and has the U.S.C. 4950). power to make all final grant decisions, The Corporation is a Federal approve the strategic plan and annual corporation governed by a 15-member budget, and advise and make bipartisan Board of Directors, appointed recommendations to the President and by the President with the advice and the Congress regarding changes in the consent of the Senate. The Secretaries of national service laws.

Programs and Activities

The Corporation serves its mission education awards of up to $4,725 per through three major program areas: year to help finance their college education or vocational training, or to AmeriCorps pay back their student loans. The AmeriCorps is the Nation’s national Corporation has established an service initiative that engages thousands Education Award Trust Fund to of Americans of all ages and administer the award moneys. backgrounds in solving the most pressing community and national problems. AmeriCorps has three components: AmeriCorps members get things done by AmeriCorps*State and National is providing service to meet educational, administered through grants, while public safety, human, and environmental AmeriCorps*VISTA and needs. In exchange for 1 or 2 years of AmeriCorps*National Civilian service, members receive service Community Corps are run directly by the 500 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL PLANNING AND PROGRAM INTEGRATION EVALUATION AND EFFECTIVE PRACTICES GENERAL COUNSEL CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER BOARD OF DIRECTORS CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER AMERICORPS INSPECTOR GENERAL SERVICE CORPS CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE AND COMMUNITY FOR NATIONAL CORPORATION NATIONAL SENIOR LEARN AND SERVE AMERICA CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE 501

Corporation. Currently, some 25,000 members work in collaboration with members are serving in AmeriCorps. community representatives to complete AmeriCorps*State and National service learning projects in the issue AmeriCorps*State and National members areas of education, public safety, human accomplish their mission by providing needs, and the environment—with the direct service in the four issue areas primary focus on environmental needs. established by law: education, public Corps members, ages 18–24, are safety, human needs, and the recruited nationally and participate in environment. Services include: tutoring innovative training programs that school-age children; serving as mentor to uniquely combine the best in military teenage parents; developing crime training techniques, Civilian prevention workshops and providing Conservation Corps values, and service victim assistance; helping the learning models. AmeriCorps*NCCC is a homebound and disabled live residential program, with members living independently; coordinating needed at campuses located at closed or services for public housing projects; downsized military facilities at starting citywide recycling programs; and Charleston, SC; Denver, CO; and San restoring national parks. Full-time Diego, CA; and at the Veterans Hospital AmeriCorps*State and National members at Perry Point, MD. AmeriCorps*NCCC must serve at least 1,700 hours during a is directly administered by the period of not less than 9 months and not Corporation. more than 12 months to be eligible for AmeriCorps*VISTA AmeriCorps*VISTA the education award. Part-time members (Volunteers in Service to America) is a must serve at least 900 hours during a full-time service program established in period of not more than 2 years (unless 1965 and required by law to address the part-time member is enrolled in an poverty and poverty-related problems. institution of higher education while VISTA’s are supported directly by the performing some or all of the service, in Corporation, but serve with community- which case the member must provide at based public and private nonprofit least 900 hours of service during a organizations through memoranda of period of not more than 3 years). agreement between the Corporation and The Corporation funds community-based groups. AmeriCorps*State and National through AmeriCorps*VISTA participants must be population-based State allocations; funds assigned to antipoverty activities and are distributed to programs selected by the expected to serve in capacity-building States and submitted to the Corporation assignments, whereas the through competitive consideration; and AmeriCorps*State and National and programs operated by national nonprofit AmeriCorps*NCCC programs emphasize organizations, professional corps, direct service. Full-time programs operating in more than one AmeriCorps*VISTA service is 12 months, State, and programs operated by Federal with members receiving a living agencies. The funds granted to the allowance and health and child care; or States, on both formula and competitive they may elect to take a $1,200 cash bases, are administered by State stipend at the close of service rather than Commissions on National and an education award. Community Service, which make subgrants to individual community-based Learn and Serve America programs. Information regarding annual Learn and Serve America supports grants requirements and schedules is service learning by students from published in the Federal Register. kindergarten through graduate school. AmeriCorps*National Civilian Service learning is an innovative concept Community Corps (AmeriCorps*NCCC) through which students participate in AmeriCorps*NCCC’s mission is to organized service experiences that meet promote civic pride and responsibility community needs and are supported by through community service. Corps a curriculum that allows research, 502 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL reflection, and discussion of their The programs are located in 38 States, experiences. The focus of Learn and the District of Columbia, and Puerto Serve America is to build a solid Rico. foundation for service learning in the curriculum of every school in America. National Senior Service Corps The Corporation awards competitive (Senior Corps) grants to support Learn and Serve The three Senior Corps Programs— America on an annual basis. Notices of Retired and Senior Volunteers (RSVP), funds availability published in the the Foster Grandparent Program (FGP), Federal Register provide information and the Senior Companion Program concerning application deadlines and (SCP)—support community service by program requirements. senior adults. These programs School-Based and Community-Based demonstrate the continued resource of Programs The goal of Learn and Serve seniors, provide valuable community America’s School-Based and service, and engage the experience, Community-Based Programs is to expertise, and commitment of seniors in increase opportunities for school-age the community. Each of these programs youth to learn and develop through is funded through renewable project service to their communities. The grants to public and private nonprofit Corporation supports these initiatives organizations, who enter into through distribution of funds to State memoranda of agreement with local education agencies according to a institutions, including schools, hospitals, population-based allotment. Grants to senior centers, and other organizations, State commissions on national service, who directly assign and supervise nonprofit grantmaking entities, Indian participants. Most Corporation funding tribes, and U.S. territories are supports continuation projects; new competitive. School-based programs are projects are awarded competitively when administered by State education funds are available. agencies, local education agencies in Retired and Senior Volunteer Program States not applying for funding, Indian The Retired and Senior Volunteer tribes, and U.S. territories. Participants Program provides part-time, are elementary and secondary school uncompensated service opportunities for students and out-of-school youth ages 5– persons age 55 or older. Participants 17. Schools use Learn and Serve serve a wide range of national and America grants for adult volunteer community needs, working with persons programs and teacher training in service- of all ages in community-based projects learning, along with planning, across America. implementing, and expanding service- Foster Grandparent Program The learning programs. Community-based Foster Grandparent Program provides programs are administered by State service to children with special needs. commissions on national and community Participants must be 60 years of age or service and nonprofit organizations. older, and must be considered low- Higher Education Programs Service income by published Corporation Learning at the postsecondary level is criteria. Participants serve 20-hour supported by grants to institutions of weeks, typically 4 hours a day, and higher learning, consortia of institutions provide personal love, attention, and of higher learning, and public and support to children. Children served private nonprofit organizations in include those with physical and partnership with institutions of higher developmental disabilities, living in education. These grants enable creation conditions of poverty; involved in the or expansion of community service juvenile justice system; teen-age mothers opportunities for students and explore and their children; and Head Start new ways to integrate service into the participants. Foster Grandparents receive college curriculum and support model a stipend of $2.45 per hour and are community service programs on campus. provided meals, transportation, and DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD 503 physical examinations. They serve in all Points of Light Foundation, the 50 States, the District of Columbia, Corporation further advocates and Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. advances service in America. The Senior Companion Program The Senior Corporation provides timely information Companion Program engages low- about grants and financial assistance income seniors age 60 and older in through notices of funds availability in service to adults with special needs, with the Federal Register. a focus on service to the frail elderly. Eligibility criteria and program benefits Sources of Information for Senior Companions are the same as those provided to Foster Grandparents. Electronic Access Information Senior Companions provide support, regarding the Corporation’s programs assistance, and companionship to those and activities is available in electronic whom they serve in both in-home and form through the Internet, at http:// institutional settings. They also provide www.cns.gov/. respite care to caregivers, especially General Information To obtain family members of the frail elderly. additional information regarding the Other Corporation Initiatives The Corporation’s programs and activities, Corporation’s mission to develop and call 1–800–942–2677, or for Senior support an ethic of service in America Corps programs, 1–800–424–8867. involves initiatives, special Grants Notices of funds availability are demonstration projects, and other published in the Federal Register for activities, in addition to the three major most Corporation programs. Corporation program areas. These include the State Program Offices and State AmeriCorps Leaders Program (and Commissions on National and similar leaders programs in Community Service are located in most AmeriCorps*VISTA and States and are the best source of AmeriCorps*NCCC), a disaster response information on programs in specific initiative, and short-term summer service States or communities. initiatives. The Corporation also carries National Service Recruitment Persons out an extensive training and technical interested in participating in service assistance effort to support and assist activities should call 1–800–942–2677, State Commissions and service programs. or contact Corporation State Offices or Through partnerships with the private State Commissions on National and sector, other Federal agencies, and the Community Service.

For further information, contact the Corporation for National and Community Service, 1201 New York Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20525. Phone, 202–606–5000.

DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD Suite 700, 625 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20004 Phone, 202–208–6400. Fax, 202–208–6518

Chairman JOHN T. CONWAY Vice Chairman A.J. EGGENBERGER Members JOSEPH J. DINUNNO, HERBERT J.C. KOUTS, (VACANCY) General Counsel ROBERT M. ANDERSEN General Manager KENNETH M. PUSATERI Technical Director GEORGE W. CUNNINGHAM 504 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL LEGAL COUNSEL DEPUTY GENERAL GENERAL COUNSEL CHAIRMAN TECHNICAL VICE CHAIRMAN BOARD MEMBER BOARD MEMBER BOARD MEMBER TECHNICAL DIRECTOR DEPUTY TECHNICAL DIRECTOR TECHNICAL STAFF SPECIALISTS CHIEF, RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR OPERATIONAL SAFETY ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR PROCESS ENGINEERING ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND INTEGRATION ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD SAFETY DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES HUMAN DIVISION OF RESOURCES MANAGER DEPUTY GENERAL ADMINISTRATION GENERAL MANAGER DIVISION OF DIVISION OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATION ACQUISITION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 505

The Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board reviews and evaluates the content and implementation of standards relating to the design, construction, operation, and decommissioning of defense nuclear facilities of the Department of Energy (DOE).

The Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety defense nuclear facilities of DOE; Board was established as an independent investigates any event or practice at agency on September 29, 1988, by the these facilities which may adversely Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended affect public health and safety; and (42 U.S.C. 2286–2286i). reviews and monitors the design, The Board is composed of five construction, and operation of facilities. members appointed by the President The Board makes recommendations to with the advice and consent of the the Secretary of Energy concerning DOE Senate. Members of the Board are defense nuclear facilities to ensure appointed from among United States adequate protection of public health and citizens who are respected experts in the safety. In the event that any aspect of field of nuclear safety. operations, practices, or occurrences reviewed by the Board is determined to Activities present an imminent or severe threat to The Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety public health and safety, the Board Board reviews and evaluates the content transmits its recommendations directly to and implementation of standards for the President.

For further information, contact the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board, Suite 700, 625 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20004. Phone, 202–208–6400.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 401 M Street SW., Washington, DC 20460 Phone, 202–260–2090

Administrator CAROL M. BROWNER Deputy Administrator FRED J. HANSEN Staff Offices: Associate Administrator for Regional SHELLEY H. METZENBAUM Operations and State/Local Relations Associate Administrator for Communications, LORETTA UCELLI Education, and Public Affairs Associate Administrator for Congressional and ROBERT HICKMOTT Legislative Affairs Director, Executive Support Office DIANE N. BAZZLE Director, Executive Secretariat SANDRA HUDNALL Chief, Office of Administrative Law Judges SPENCER NISSEN, Acting Director, Office of Civil Rights RAFAEL DELEON, Acting Director, Office of Small and Disadvantaged LEON H. HAMPTON Business Utilization Director, Science Advisory Board DONALD G. BARNES Director, Pollution Prevention Policy MANIK RATAN ROY Director, Cooperative Environmental CLARENCE HARDY Management 506 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Assistant Administrator for International WILLIAM A. NITZE Activities Principal Deputy Assistant Administrator ALAN D. HECHT Deputy Assistant Administrator ALAN B. SIELEN Program Offices: Assistant Administrator for Administration and ALVIN PESACHOWITZ, Acting Resources Management Director, Office of Human Resources DAVID J. O’CONNOR Management Director, Office of Administration JOHN C. CHAMBERLIN Director, Office of Grants and Debarment HARVEY G. PIPPEN Director, Office of Acquisition Management BETTY L. BAILEY Director, Office of Information Resources PAUL WOHLLEBEN, Acting Management Director, Office of Administration and WILLIAM G. LAXTON Resources Management—Research Triangle Park, NC Director, Office of Administration— WILLIAM M. HENDERSON Cincinnati, OH Chief Financial Officer SALLYANNE HARPER, Acting Director, Office of the Comptroller KATHRYN SCHMOLL Assistant Administrator for Enforcement and STEVEN A. HERMAN Compliance Assurance Deputy Assistant Administrators SYLVIA LOWRANCE, MICHAEL M. STAHL Director, Enforcement Capacity and MILDRED A. LASSITER Outreach Office Director, Federal Facilities Enforcement CRAIG HOOKS, Acting Office Director, Criminal Enforcement, Forensics, EARL E. DEVANEY and Training Director, Office of Environmental Justice CLARICE E. GAYLORD Director, Planning and Policy Analysis ERIC V. SCHAEFFER Director, Compliance ELAINE G. STANLEY Director, Regulatory Enforcement ROBERT I. VAN HEUVELEN Director, Site Remediation Enforcement BARRY BREEN Director, Federal Facilities RICHARD E. SANDERSON General Counsel JONATHAN Z. CANNON Principal Deputy General Counsel SCOTT FULTON Assistant Administrator for Policy, Planning, DAVID GARDINER and Evaluation Director, Office of Strategic Planning FREDERICK W. ALLEN Director, Office of Policy Development MARYANN FROECHLICH Director, Office of Regulatory Management THOMAS E. KELLEY and Information Inspector General NIKKI L. TINSLEY, Acting Deputy Inspector General NIKKI L. TINSLEY Assistant Inspector General, Office of Audit KENNETH A. KONZ Assistant Inspector General, Office of ALLEN P. FALLIN Investigations Assistant Inspector General, Office of JOHN C. JONES Management Assistant Administrator for Water BOB PERCIASEPE Deputy Assistant Administrator for Water DANA D. MINERVA Director, Office of Gulf of Mexico Program JAMES GIATTINA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 507

Director, Office of Policy and Resources MARK A. LUTTNER Management Director, Office of Ground Water and CYNTHIA C. DOUGHERTY Drinking Water Director, Office of Wastewater Management MICHAEL B. COOK Director, Office of Science and Technology TUDOR T. DAVIES Director, American Indian Environmental KATHY GOROSPE Office Director, Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and ROBERT H. WAYLAND III Watersheds Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste and TIMOTHY FIELDS, JR., Acting Emergency Response Deputy Assistant Administrator for Solid TIMOTHY FIELDS, JR. Waste and Emergency Response Director, Office of Program Management DEVEREAUX BARNES Director, Organizational Management and LAURIE J. MAY Integrity Staff Director, Resources and Information DAVID SUTTON Management Staff Director, Policy Analysis and Regulatory BARBARA HOSTAGE Management Staff Director, Acquisition Staff ULRIKE JOINER Director, Federal Facilities Restoration and JAMES E. WOOLFORD Reuse Office Director, Outreach and Special Projects Staff LINDA GARCZYNSKI Director, Chemical Emergency Preparedness JAMES L. MAKRIS and Prevention Director, Office of Technology Innovation WALTER W. KOVALICK, JR. Director, Office of Solid Waste MICHAEL H. SHAPIRO Director, Office of Emergency and Remedial STEPHEN D. LUFTIG Response (Superfund) Director, Office of Underground Storage JOSHUA BAYLSON, Acting Tanks Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation MARY D. NICHOLS Deputy Assistant Administrator for Air and RICHARD D. WILSON Radiation Director, Office of Air Quality Planning and JOHN S. SEITZ Standards Director, Office of Program Management JERRY A. KURTWEG Operations Director, Office of Policy Analysis and ROBERT D. BRENNER Review Director, Office of Atmospheric Programs PAUL STOLPMAN Director, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air E. RAMONA TROVATO Director, Office of Mobile Sources, Ann MARGO T. OGE Arbor, MI Assistant Administrator for Prevention, LYNN R. GOLDMAN Pesticides, and Toxic Substances Deputy Assistant Administrators for JAMES V. AIDALA, SUSAN H. Pesticides and Toxic Substances WAYLAND Director, Program Management Operations MARYLOUISE M. UHLIG Director, Office of Pesticide Programs DANIEL BAROLO Director, Office of Pollution Prevention and WILLIAM SANDERS Toxics 508 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Assistant Administrator for Research and ROBERT J. HUGGETT Development Deputy Assistant Administrator for HENRY L. LONGEST II Management Deputy Assistant Administrator for Science JOSEPH K. ALEXANDER Director, Office of Resources Management DEBORAH Y. DIETRICH and Administration Director, Office of Science Policy DOROTHY E. PATTON Director, Office of Research and Science DOROTHY E. PATTON, Acting Integration Director, National Exposure Research GARY J. FOLEY Laboratory Director, National Risk Management TIMOTHY E. OPPELT Research Laboratory Director, National Health and Environmental LAWRENCE W. REITER Effects Research Laboratory Director, National Center for Environmental WILLIAM H. FARLAND Assessment Director, National Center for Environmental PETER W. PREUSS Research and Quality Assurance [For the Environmental Protection Agency statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 1]

The Environmental Protection Agency protects and enhances our environment today and for future generations to the fullest extent possible under the laws enacted by Congress. The Agency’s mission is to control and abate pollution in the areas of air, water, solid waste, pesticides, radiation, and toxic substances. Its mandate is to mount an integrated, coordinated attack on environmental pollution in cooperation with State and local governments.

The Environmental Protection Agency —technical direction, support, and was established in the executive branch evaluation of regional air activities; and as an independent agency pursuant to —training in the field of air pollution Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1970 (5 control. U.S.C. app.), effective December 2, Related activities include technical 1970. It was created to permit assistance to States and agencies having coordinated and effective governmental radiation protection programs, including action on behalf of the environment. The radon mitigation programs and a Agency is designed to serve as the national surveillance and inspection public’s advocate for a livable program for measuring radiation levels in environment. the environment. For further information, call 202–260–7400. Activities Water The Agency’s water quality Air and Radiation The air activities of activities represent a coordinated effort the Agency include: to restore the Nation’s waters, including: —development of national programs, —development of national programs, technical policies, and regulations for air technical policies, and regulations for pollution control; water pollution control and water —enforcement of standards; supply; —development of national standards —ground water protection; for air quality, emission standards for —marine and estuarine protection; new stationary and mobile sources, and —enforcement of standards; emission standards for hazardous —water quality standards and effluent pollutants; guidelines development; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 509

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

OFFICE OF OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE COOPERATIVE LAW JUDGES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS EXECUTIVE SUPPORT OFFICE OFFICE OF SMALL AND ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR FOR DISADVANTAGED REGIONAL OPERATIONS AND EXECUTIVE STATE/LOCAL RELATIONS BUSINESS SECRETARIAT UTILIZATION ADMINISTRATOR POLLUTION ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR FOR SCIENCE PREVENTION COMMUNICATIONS, EDUCATION, AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS ADVISORY BOARD POLICY STAFF DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR FOR APPEALS CONGRESSIONAL AND BOARD LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS

ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR ADMINISTRATOR FOR ADMINISTRATOR FOR ADMINISTRATION ENFORCEMENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL POLICY, PLANNING, AND RESOURCES COMPLIANCE AND EVALUATION MANAGEMENT ASSURANCE

ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR INSPECTOR GENERAL ADMINISTRATOR FOR INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND ACTIVITIES DEVELOPMENT

ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR ADMINISTRATOR FOR FOR PREVENTION, ADMINISTRATOR FOR SOLID WASTE AND AIR AND RADIATION PESTICIDES, AND WATER TOXIC SUBSTANCES EMERGENCY RESPONSE

REGION I REGION II REGION III REGION IV REGION V REGION VI BOSTON NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA ATLANTA CHICAGO DALLAS

REGION VII REGION VIII REGION IX REGION X KANSAS CITY DENVER SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE 510 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

—technical direction, support, and —evaluating and assessing the impact evaluation of regional water activities; of existing chemicals, new chemicals, —development of programs for and chemicals with new uses to technical assistance and technology determine the hazard and, if needed, transfer; and develop appropriate restrictions. —training in the field of water quality. Additional activities include: —controlling and regulating pesticides For further information, call 202–260–5700. and reducing their use to ensure human Solid Waste and Emergency Response safety and protection of environmental The Office of Solid Waste and quality; Emergency Response provides policy, —establishing tolerance levels for guidance, and direction for the Agency’s pesticides that occur in or on food; hazardous waste and emergency —monitoring pesticide residue levels response programs, including: in food, humans, and nontarget fish and —development of policies, standards, wildlife and their environments; and —investigating pesticide accidents. and regulations for hazardous waste It also coordinates activities under its treatment, storage, and disposal; statutory responsibilities with other —national management of the agencies for the assessment and control Superfund toxic waste cleanup program; of toxic substances and pesticides. —development of guidelines for the emergency preparedness and For further information, call 202–260–2902. ‘‘Community Right To Know’’ programs; Research and Development The Office —development of guidelines and of Research and Development is standards for the land disposal of responsible for a national research hazardous wastes and for underground program in pursuit of technological storage tanks; controls of all forms of pollution. It —analysis of technologies and directly supervises the research activities methods for the recovery of useful of the Agency’s national laboratories and energy from solid waste; gives technical policy direction to those —economic impact assessment of laboratories that support the program RCRA and CERCLA regulations; responsibilities of the regional offices. —coordination with the Department of Close coordination of the various Defense on base closure environmental research programs is designed to yield a issues; and synthesis of knowledge from the —technical assistance in the biological, physical, and social sciences development, management, and that can be interpreted in terms of total operation of waste management human and environmental needs. activities, including technical assistance General functions include to Federal facilities. management of selected demonstration For further information, call 202–260–4610. programs, planning for Agency environmental quality monitoring Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic programs, coordination of Agency Substances The Office of Pesticides monitoring efforts with those of other and Toxic Substances is responsible for: Federal agencies, States, and other —developing national strategies for public bodies, and dissemination of the control of toxic substances; Agency research, development, and —directing the pesticides and toxic demonstration results. substances enforcement activities; —developing criteria for assessing For further information, call 202–260–7676. chemical substances, standards for test protocols for chemicals, rules and Regional Offices procedures for industry reporting, and The Agency’s 10 regional offices regulations for the control of substances represent its commitment to the deemed to be hazardous to man or the development of strong local programs for environment; and pollution abatement. The Regional EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION 511

Administrators are responsible for and implement an approved regional accomplishing, within their regions, the program for comprehensive and national program objectives established integrated environmental protection by the Agency. They develop, propose, activities. Regional OfficesÐEnvironmental Protection Agency

Region/Address/Areas Served Administrator

Atlanta, GA (345 Courtland St. NE., 30365) (AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN) ...... John H. Hankinson, Jr. Boston, MA (John F. Kennedy Federal Bldg., 02203) (CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT) ...... John P. DeVillars Chicago, IL (230 S. Dearborn St., 60604) (IL, IN, MI, OH, WI) ...... Valdas V. Adamkus Dallas, TX (1445 Ross Ave., 75202) (AR, LA, NM, OK, TX) ...... Jane N. Saginaw Denver, CO (999 18th St., 80202) (CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY) ...... Jack W. McGraw, Acting Kansas City, KS (726 Minnesota Ave., 66101) (IA, KS, MO, NE) ...... Dennis D. Grams New York, NY (26 Federal Plz., 10278) (NJ, NY) ...... Jeanne M. Fox Philadelphia, PA (841 Chestnut St., 19107) (DC, DE, MD, PA, PR, VA, VI, WV) ...... William M. McCabe San Francisco, CA (215 Fremont St., 94105) (AZ, CA, HI, NV) ...... Felicia Markus Seattle, WA (1200 6th Ave., 98101) (AK, ID, OR, WA) ...... Charles C. Clarke

Sources of Information Freedom of Information Act Requests Inquiries for information on the Freedom of Information Officer. Phone, following subjects should be directed to 202–260–4048. the specified office of the Environmental Reading Room Information Protection Agency, 401 M Street SW., Management and Services Division. Washington, DC 20460. Phone, 202–260–5914. Public Reading Contracts and Procurement Office of Room—2430 Mall. Acquisition Management. Phone, 202– Telephone Directory Available for sale 260–5020. by the Superintendent of Documents, Employment Office of Human Government Printing Office, Resources and Organizational Services. Washington, DC 20402. Phone, 202–260–4467.

For further information, contact the Office of Communications, Education and Public Affairs, Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street SW., Washington, DC 20460 (phone, 202–260–7963); or write to the Public Information Office of the nearest regional office.

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION 1801 L Street NW., Washington, DC 20507 Phone, 202–663–4900. TDD, 202–663–4494

Chairman GILBERT F. CASELLAS Executive Director MARIA BORRERO Special Assistant IRENE HILL Vice Chairman PAUL M. IGASKI Executive Assistant J. KENNETH L. MORSE Attorney Advisor JASON S. HEGY Special Assistant MARK W. WONG Commissioner PAUL STEVEN MILLER Senior Adviser R. PAUL RICHARD Special Assistants LISA S. COTTLE, ANTOINETTE M. EATES, ANDREW J. IMPARATO Commissioner REGINALD E. JONES 512 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Special Assistants NAOMI LEVIN, WALLACE LEW,C ASSANDRA MENOKEN Commissioner (VACANCY) Executive Officer FRANCES M. HART General Counsel C. GREGORY STEWART Director, Office of Communications and CLAIRE GONZALES Legislative Affairs Director, Office of Equal Employment CYNTHIA C. MATTHEWS Opportunity Director, Office of Federal Operations RONNIE BLUMENTHAL Inspector General ALETHA L. BROWN Legal Counsel ELLEN J. VARGYAS Director, Office of Program Operations ELIZABETH THORNTON Director, Financial and Resource Management KASSIE A. BILLINGSLEY Services Director, Information Resources Management SALLIE T. HSIEH Services Director, Human Resources Management PATRICIA CORNWELL JOHNSON Services Director, Office of Program Operations ELIZABETH M. THORNTON

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission eliminates discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, or age in hiring, promoting, firing, setting wages, testing, training, apprenticeship, and all other terms and conditions of employment. The Commission conducts investigations of alleged discrimination; makes determinations based on gathered evidence; attempts conciliation when discrimination has taken place; files lawsuits; and conducts voluntary assistance programs for employers, unions, and community organizations. The Commission also has adjudicatory and oversight responsibility for all compliance and enforcement activities relating to equal employment opportunity among Federal employees and applicants, including discrimination against individuals with disabilities.

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to the EEOC. Authorities for Commission (EEOC) was created by Title transferred functions include: VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 —section 717 of Title VII of the Civil U.S.C. 2000e–4), and became Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e– operational July 2, 1965. Title VII was 16), which prohibits discrimination in amended by the Equal Employment employment in the Federal Government Opportunity Act of 1972, the Pregnancy on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, Discrimination Act of 1978, and the or national origin; Civil Rights Act of 1991. —Executive Order 11478 of August 8, 1969, which sets forth the U.S. policy of Executive Order 12067 of June 30, providing for equal employment 1978, abolished the Equal Employment opportunity in the Federal Government Opportunity Coordinating Council and through affirmative action programs in transferred its duties to the Commission Federal departments and agencies; with responsibility for providing —the Equal Pay Act of 1963 (29 coherence and direction to the U.S.C. 206) in the Federal sector; Government’s equal employment —section 15 of the Age opportunity efforts. Discrimination in Employment Act of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1978 (5 1967, as amended (29 U.S.C. 633a) in U.S.C. app.) effective January 1, 1979, the Federal sector; and transferred Federal equal employment —section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act functions from the Civil Service of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 791), which pertains EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION 513 to employment discrimination against The Commission operates through 50 individuals with disabilities in the field offices, each of which processes Federal Government. charges. On July 1, 1979, responsibility for enforcement—in private industry as well Activities as in State and local governments—of Enforcement The Commission’s field the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Age offices receive charges of job Discrimination in Employment Act of discrimination under Title VII, the ADA, 1967 was transferred from the the Equal Pay Act of 1963, and the Age Department of Labor to the Commission. Discrimination in Employment Act of The former act prohibits sex-based pay 1967. Field offices may initiate differences where substantially equal investigations to find violations of the work performed in the same acts. Members of the Commission also establishment under similar working may initiate charges alleging that a conditions requires equal skill, effort, violation of Title VII or the ADA has and responsibility; and the latter occurred. Section 501 of the prohibits employment discrimination Rehabilitation Act of 1973 covers against workers or applicants 40 years of Federal employees and applicants only. age or older. In addition to employers, Charges Under Title VII Title VII the age discrimination act covers prohibits employment discrimination activities of employment agencies, and based on race, color, religion, sex, or both acts cover activities of labor national origin by private employers, organizations. State and local governments, and The Americans with Disabilities Act of educational institutions with 15 or more 1990 (ADA) (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.) employees, or by the Federal was approved on July 26, 1990. Title I of Government, private and public the act has been enforced by EEOC employment agencies, labor since July 26, 1992, for employers with organizations, and joint labor- 25 or more employees, and since July management committees for 26, 1994, for employers with 15 or more apprenticeship and training. employees. Title I governs private Charges of Title VII violations outside employers, State and local governments, of the Federal sector must be filed with employment agencies, labor the Commission within 180 days of the organizations, and joint labor- alleged violation (or up to 300 days in a management committees. The act State or locality in which a fair prohibits employment discrimination employment practices agency is located), against qualified individuals with and the Commission is responsible for disabilities and requires that employers notifying persons so charged within 10 make reasonable accommodations for days of the receipt of a new charge. such qualified individuals if it would not Before investigation, charges must be create undue hardship. deferred for 60 days to a State or local fair employment practices agency in The Civil Rights Act of 1991 reversed States and municipalities where there is parts of several U.S. Supreme Court a fair employment practices law rulings and provided for compensatory covering the alleged discrimination. The and punitive damages for intentional deferral period is 120 days if the agency discrimination under Title VII of that act, has been operating less than 1 year. the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Under worksharing agreements executed ADA. between the Commission and State and The Commission is composed of five local fair employment practices Commissioners appointed by the agencies, the Commission routinely will President, with the advice and consent assume jurisdiction over certain charges of the Senate, for 5-year staggered terms. of discrimination and proceed with its The President designates a Chairman and investigation rather than wait for the a Vice Chairman. expiration of the deferral period. 514 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

If there is reasonable cause to believe the same procedures it uses to the charge is true, the district, area, or investigate and conciliate charges filed local office attempts to remedy the under Title VII. The litigation procedures alleged unlawful practices through under this title apply to charges filed informal methods of conciliation, under the act. conference, and persuasion. If an Age Discrimination in Employment or acceptable conciliation agreement is not Equal Pay Act Charges and Complaints secured, the case is considered for The age discrimination in employment possible litigation. If litigation is and equal pay acts cover most approved, the Commission will bring suit employees and job applicants in private in an appropriate Federal district court. industry and Federal, State, and local Under Title VII, the Attorney General governments. brings suit when a State or local An age discrimination charge must be government, or political subdivision is filed with the Commission within 180 involved. If the Commission or the days of the alleged violation or, in a Attorney General does not approve case where the alleged discriminatory litigation or if a finding of no reasonable action took place in a State which has its cause is made, at the conclusion of the own age discrimination law and administrative procedures (or earlier at authority administering that law, within the request of the charging party) a 300 days of the alleged violation or 30 Notice of Right-to-Sue is issued that days after the receipt of a notice of allows the charging party to proceed termination of State proceedings, within 90 days in a Federal district court. whichever is earlier. The Commission In appropriate cases, the Commission will attempt to eliminate the unlawful may intervene in such civil action if the practice through informal methods of case is of general public interest. The conciliation, conference, and persuasion. investigation and conciliation of charges A lawsuit may be brought by the having an industrywide or national Commission if conciliation fails, or impact are coordinated or conducted by individuals may file suit on their own Systemic Investigations and Individual behalf 90 days after filing a charge with Compliance Programs, Office of Program the Commission and the appropriate Operations. State agency, but no later than 90 days Under the provisions of Title VII, after receipt of notice of final action by section 706(f)(2), as amended by section the Commission. Should the Commission 4 of the Equal Employment Opportunity take legal action, an individual covered Act of 1972 (42 U.S.C. 2000e–5), if it is by such action may not file a private concluded after a preliminary suit. If an individual files a complaint of investigation that prompt judicial action age discrimination, instead of a charge, is necessary to carry out the purposes of his or her name will be kept the act, the Commission or the Attorney confidential, but the individual filing the General, in a case involving a State or complaint may not bring a private suit local government, governmental agency unless he or she elects to file a charge or political subdivision, may bring an first in accordance with the above action for appropriate temporary or requirements. preliminary relief pending final A lawsuit under the Equal Pay Act of disposition of a charge. 1963 may be filed by the Commission or Americans with Disabilities Act Charges by the complainant. There are no The Americans with Disabilities Act of administrative prerequisites to individual 1990 specifically incorporates the actions under this law. Wages may be powers, remedies, and procedures recovered for a period of up to 2 years contained in Title VII of the Civil Rights prior to the filing of a suit, except in the Act of 1964. Employment discrimination case of willful violation, where 3 years’ charges based on disability may be filed backpay may be recovered. The name of at any of the Commission’s field offices. the individual filing the complaint may The Commission will investigate and be kept confidential at the administrative attempt to conciliate the charges using level. EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION 515

Complaints Against the Federal of Federal Operations monitors and Government The Commission’s Federal ensures compliance by Federal agencies sector processing regulations, codified in with Commission orders and appellate 29 CFR 1614, effective October 1, 1992, decisions, and provides technical guide Federal employees or job assistance and training to other Federal applicants who want to file complaints agencies. of job discrimination based on race, Other Activities The Commission color, national origin, sex, religion, age, actively promotes voluntary compliance or physical or mental disability. with equal employment opportunity Complainants must first consult an equal statutes through a variety of educational employment opportunity counselor and technical assistance activities. A within their agency within 45 calendar distinct activity of the Commission is the days of the alleged discriminatory event Voluntary Assistance Program. This or the effective date of the alleged outreach program is designed to provide discriminatory personnel action. If the educational and technical assistance to matter cannot be resolved informally, the small and midsize employers and person may file a formal complaint unions—through 1-day seminars on within 15 calendar days after the date of equal employment opportunity laws— receipt of the notice of the right to file about their rights and obligations under a complaint. An accepted complaint is all the statutes that the Commission investigated by the respondent agency, enforces. and there is a right to a hearing before Another activity initiated by the an EEOC administrative judge before the Commission is the Expanded Presence agency issues its final decision. Program, which is designed to make the An individual who wishes to file a Commission accessible in areas complaint under the Equal Pay Act of identified as underserved by Commission 1963 must also follow these procedures. offices. However, an individual may also elect Through its Educational Technical to file suit under the Equal Pay Act of Assistance and Training Revolving Fund, 1963 without prior resort to the agency the Commission is also able to provide or to the Commission. its constituency with advanced and Federal-sector age discrimination specialized technical assistance offerings. complainants may bypass the Fees charged for Revolving Fund administrative complaint process and file products are not to exceed the cost of a civil action directly in a U.S. district producing the materials or services court by first notifying the Commission provided, are to bear a direct within 180 calendar days of the alleged relationship to the cost of providing such discriminatory act and thereafter waiting outreach, and are to be imposed on a 30 calendar days before filing suit. uniform basis. Federal employees may file appeals of The Commission participates in the final agency decisions or decisions of an development of employment arbitrator or the Federal Labor Relations discrimination law through the issuance Authority with the Commission’s Office of guidelines, publication of significant of Federal Operations at any time up to Commission decisions, and involvement 30 calendar days after receipt of the in litigation brought under Title VII, the agency notice of final decision. A Equal Pay Act of 1963, the Age petition for review of a Merit Systems Discrimination in Employment Act of Protection Board decision may be filed 1967, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, within 30 days of the date that the Board and the Americans with Disabilities Act decision becomes final. A request for of 1990. reopening and reconsideration of any The Commission has direct liaison decision of the Commission should be with Federal, State, and local made in writing within 30 days of governments, employers and union receipt of such decision. Commission organizations, trade associations, civil decisions are issued in writing to the rights organizations, and other agencies complainant and the agency. The Office and organizations concerned with 516 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL employment of minority group members apprenticeship programs, labor unions, and women. State and local governments, elementary The Commission develops and and secondary schools, and colleges and implements affirmative employment universities, the Commission tabulates policies designed to enhance the and stores data on the ethnic, racial, and occupational status of minorities, sex composition of employees at all job women, and persons with disabilities in levels within the reported groups. the Federal Government. The Commission also publishes data Research information thus collected is on the employment status of minorities shared with selected Federal agencies, and women. Through 6 employment and is made available, in appropriate surveys covering private employers, form, for public use. Field OfficesÐEqual Employment Opportunity Commission (DO: District Office; AO: Area Office; LO: Local Office; FO: Field Office)

Office Address/Telephone Director

Albuquerque, NM (DO) Suite 900, 505 Marquette NW., 87102. (Vacancy) Ph., 505±248±5201. Fax, 505±248±5233. TDD, 505±248±5240. Atlanta, GA (DO) Suite 4R30, 100 Alabama St. NW., 30303. Bernice Williams- Ph., 404±331±6930. Fax, 404±562±6909. TDD, 404±562±6801. Kimbrough Baltimore, MD (DO) 3d Fl., 10 S. Howard St., 21201. Issie L. Jenkins Ph., 410±962±3932. Fax, 410±962±2817. TDD, 410±962±6065. Birmingham, AL (DO) Suite 101, 1900 3d Ave. N., 35203-2397. Danny G. Harter Ph., 205±731±1359. Fax, 205±731±2101. TDD, 205±731±0095. Boston, MA (AO) Rm. 1001, One Congress St., 02114. Robert L. Sanders Ph., 617±565±3200. Fax, 617±565±3196. TDD, 617±565±3204. Buffalo, NY (LO) Suite 350, 6 Fountain Plz., 14202. Elizabeth Cadle Ph., 716±551±4441. Fax, 716±551±4387. TDD, 716±551±5923. Charlotte, NC (DO) Suite 400, 129 W. Trade St., 28202. Marsha J. Drane Ph., 704±344±6682. Fax, 704±344±6734. TDD, 704±334±6684. Chicago, IL (DO) Suite 2800, 500 W. Madison St., 60661. John P. Rowe Ph., 312±353±2713. Fax, 312±353±7355. TDD, 312±353±2421. Cincinnati, OH (AO) Suite 810, 525 Vine St., 45202±3122. Earl Haley Ph., 513±684±2851. Fax, 513±684±2361. TDD, 513±684±2074. Cleveland, OH (DO) Suite 850, 1660 W. 2d St., 44113±1454. Dorothy J. Porter Ph., 216±522±2001. Fax, 216±522±7395. TDD, 216±522±8441. Dallas, TX (DO) 3d Fl., 207 S. Houston St., 75202±4726. Jacqueline R. Bradley Ph., 214±655±3355. Fax, 214±655±3443. TDD, 214±655±3363. Denver, CO (DO) Suite 510, 303 E. 17th Ave., 80203. Francisco J. Flores Ph., 303±866±1300. Fax, 303±866±1386. TDD, 303±866±1950. Detroit, MI (DO) Rm. 865, 477 Michigan Ave., 48226±9704. James R. Neely, Jr. Ph., 313±226±4600. Fax, 313±226±2778. TDD, 313±226±7599. El Paso, TX (AO) Suite 100, Bldg. C, 4171 N. Mesa St., 79902. Eliazar Salinas Ph., 915±534±6550. Fax, 915±534±6552. TDD, 915±534±6545. Fresno, CA (LO) Suite 103, 1265 W. Shaw Ave., 93711. David Rodriguez Ph., 209±487±5793. Fax, 209±487±5053. TDD, 209±487±5837. Greensboro, NC (LO) 801 Summit Ave., 27405±7813. Patricia B. Fuller Ph., 910±333±5174. Fax, 910±333±5051. TDD, 910±333±5542. Greenville, SC (LO) Suite 530, 15 S. Main St., 29601. Denise Anderson Ph., 864±241±4400. Fax, 864±241±4416. TDD, 864±241±4403. Honolulu, HI (LO) Room 7123±A, 300 Ala Moana Blvd., 96850±0051. Rodolfo Martinez Ph., 808±541±3120. Fax, 808±541±3390. TDD, 808±541±3131. Houston, TX (DO) 7th Fl., 1919 Smith St., 77002. Harriet J. Ehrlich Ph., 713±209±3320. Fax, 713±209±3381. TDD, 713±209±3439. Indianapolis, IN (DO) Suite 1900, 101 W. Ohio St., 46204±4203. Thomas P. Hadfield Ph., 317±226±7212. Fax, 317±226±7953. TDD, 317±226±5162. Jackson, MS (AO) 207 W. Amite St., 39201. Benjamin Bradley Ph., 601±965±4537. Fax, 601±965±5272. TDD, 601±965±4915. Kansas City, KS (AO) Suite 905, 400 State Ave., 66101. George Dixon Ph., 913±551±5655. Fax, 913±551±6956. TDD, 913±551±5657. Little Rock, AR (AO) Suite 625, 425 W. Capitol Ave., 72201. Kay Klugh Ph., 501±324±5060. Fax, 501±324±5991. TDD, 501±324±5481. Los Angeles, CA (DO) 4th Fl., 255 E. Temple St., 90012. Thelma Taylor Ph., 213±894±1000. Fax, 213±894±1118. TDD, 213±894±1121. Louisville, KY (AO) Suite 268, 600 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Pl., 40202. Marcia Hall Craig Ph., 502±582±6082. Fax, 502±582±5895. TDD, 502±582±6285. Memphis, TN (DO) Suite 621, 1407 Union Ave., 38104. Walter S. Grabon Ph., 901±544±0115. Fax, 901±544±0111. TDD, 901±544±0112. Miami, FL (DO) Suite 2700, 2 S. Biscayne Blvd., 33131. Federico Costales Ph., 305±536±4491. Fax, 305±536±4011. TDD, 305±536±5721. Milwaukee, WI (DO) Suite 800, 310 W. Wisconsin Ave., 53203±2292. Chester V. Bailey Ph., 414±297±1111. Fax, 414±297±4133. TDD, 414±297±1115. EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION 517

Field OfficesÐEqual Employment Opportunity Commission—Continued (DO: District Office; AO: Area Office; LO: Local Office; FO: Field Office)

Office Address/Telephone Director

Minneapolis, MN (AO) Suite 430, 330 S. 2d Ave., 55401±2224. Michael J. Bloyer Ph., 612±335±4040. Fax, 612±335±4044. TDD, 612±335±4045. Nashville, TN (AO) Suite 202, 50 Vantage Way, 37228±9940. John A. Pahmeyer Ph., 615±736±5820. Fax, 615±736±2107. TDD, 615±736±5870. Newark, NJ (AO) 21st Fl., One Newark Ctr., 07102±5233. Corrado Gigante Ph., 201±645±6383. Fax, 201±645±4524. TDD, 201±645±3004. New Orleans, LA (DO) Suite 600, 701 Loyola Ave., 70113±9936. Patricia T. Bivins Ph., 504±589±2329. Fax, 504±589±6861. TDD, 504±589±2958. New York, NY (DO) 18th Fl., 7 World Trade Ctr., 10048±1102. Spencer H. Lewis, Jr. Ph., 212±748±8500. Fax, 212±748±8464. TDD, 212±748±8399. Norfolk, VA (AO) Suite 4300, 101 S. Main St., 23510. Herbert Brown Ph., 804±441±3470. Fax, 804±441±6720. TDD, 804±441±3578. Oakland, CA (LO) Suite 1170±N, 1301 Clay St., 94612±5217. Joyce A. Hendy Ph., 510±637±3230. Fax, 510±637±3235. TDD, 510±637±3234. Oklahoma City, OK (AO) Suite 1350, 210 Park Ave., 73102. Alma Anderson Ph., 405±231±4911. Fax, 405±231±4140. TDD, 405±231±5745. Philadelphia, PA (DO) Suite 400, 21 S. 5th St., 19106±2515. Marie M. Tomasso Ph., 215±451±5800. Fax, 215±451±5804. TDD, 215±451±5814. Phoenix, AZ (DO) Suite 690, 3300 N. Central Ave., 85012±2504. Charles D. Burtner Ph., 602±640±5000. Fax, 602±640±5071. TDD, 602±640±5072. Pittsburgh, PA (AO) Suite 300, 1001 Liberty Ave., 15222±4187. Eugene V. Nelson Ph., 412±644±3444. Fax, 412±644±2664. TDD, 412±644±2720. Raleigh, NC (AO) 1309 Annapolis Dr., 27608±2129. Richard E. Walz Ph., 919±856±4064. Fax, 919±856±4151. TDD, 919±856±4296. Richmond, VA (AO) Rm. 229, 3600 W. Broad St., 23230. Gloria L. Underwood Ph., 804±278±4651. Fax, 804±278±4660. TDD, 804±278±4654. San Antonio, TX (DO) Suite 200, 5410 Fredericksburg Rd., 78229±3555. Pedro Esquivel Ph., 210±229±4810. Fax, 210±229±4381. TDD, 210±229±4858. San Diego, CA (AO) Suite 1550, 401 B St., 92101. Patrick Matarazzo Ph., 619±557±7235. Fax, 619±557±7274. TDD, 619±557±7232. San Francisco, CA (DO) Suite 500, 901 Market St., 94103. Susan L. McDuffie Ph., 415±356±5100. Fax, 415±356±5126. TDD, 415±356±5098. San Jose, CA (LO) Suite 200, 96 N. 3d St., 95112. Timothy A. Riera Ph., 408±291±7352. Fax, 408±291±4539. TDD, 408±291±7374. Savannah, GA (LO) Suite G, 410 Mall Blvd., 31406±4821. Marvin C. Frazier Ph., 912±652±4234. Fax, 912±652±4248. TDD, 912±652±4439. Seattle, WA (DO) Suite 400, 909 First Ave., 98104±1061. Jeanette M. Leino Ph., 206±220±6883. Fax, 206±220±6911. TDD, 206±220±6882. St. Louis, MO (DO) Rm. 8.100, 1222 Spruce St., 63103. Lynn Bruner Ph., 314±539±7800. Fax, 314±539±7893. TDD, 314±539±7803. Tampa, FL (AO) Rm. 1020, 501 E. Polk St., 33602. James D. Packwood, Jr. Ph., 813±228±2310. Fax, 813±228±2841. TDD, 813±228±2003. Washington, DC (FO) Suite 200, 1400 L St. NW., 20005. Susan B. Reilly Ph., 202±275±7377. Fax, 202±275±6834. TDD, 202±275±7518.

Sources of Information 663–4306), or contact the appropriate district office for district office positions. Electronic Access Information General Inquiries A nationwide toll- regarding the programs, publications, free telephone number links callers with and activities of the Commission is the appropriate field office where available through the Internet, at http:// charges may be filed. Phone, 800–669– www.eeoc.gov/. 4000. TDD, 800–669–6820. Employment The Commission selects Information About Survey Forms its employees from various examinations and registers, including mid- and senior- (EEO–1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6). Phone, 202– level registers, secretarial, typing, and 663–4958. stenographic registers, and the Equal Media Inquiries Office of Opportunity Specialist register. Communications and Legislative Affairs, Employment inquiries or applications for 1801 L Street NW., Washington, DC positions in the headquarters office 20507. Phone, 202–663–4900. should be directed to the Personnel Publications Phone, 800–669–3362 Office, Equal Employment Opportunity (toll-free). TDD, 800–800–3302 (toll- Commission, 1801 L Street NW., free). Washington, DC 20507 (phone, 202– 518 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Reading Room EEOC Library, 1801 L Speakers Office of Communications Street NW., Washington, DC 20507. and Legislative Affairs, 1801 L Street Phone, 202-663–4630. NW., Washington, DC 20507. Phone, 202–663–4900.

For further information, contact the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 1801 L Street NW., Washington, DC 20507. Phone, 202–663–4900.

EXPORT–IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES 811 Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20571 Phone, 800–565–EXIM

President and Chairman RITA M. RODRIGUEZ, Acting First Vice President and Vice Chairman (VACANCY) Director and Chief Operating Officer JULIE D. BELAGA Directors MARIA L. HALEY, RITA M. RODRIGUEZ General Counsel KENNETH W. HANSEN Chief Financial Officer JAMES K. HESS Vice President, Claims and Recoveries JEFFREY L. MILLER Chief of Staff and Vice President, JACKIE M. CLEGG Congressional and External Affairs Executive Vice President ALLAN I. MENDELOWITZ Vice President, Aircraft Finance JULIE J. PANARO Vice President, Americas CHARLES A. LEIK Vice President, Asia and Africa TERRENCE J. HULIHAN Vice President, Credit Administration JEFFREY L. MILLER, Acting Vice President, Engineering and Environment JAMES A. MAHONEY Vice President, NIS/Central Europe THOMAS E. MORAN Vice President, Insurance WILLIAM W. REDWAY Vice President, Project Finance DIANNE S. RUDO Vice President, United States SAM Z. ZYTCER Senior Vice President, Information ARTHUR L. HENRICHSEN Management and Technology Senior Vice President, Business Development RICHARD J. FEENEY Vice President, Communications DAVID W. CARTER Vice President, Country Risk Analysis DANIEL L. BOND Vice President, Strategic Planning, Analysis, JAMES C. CRUSE and Program Development Group Vice President, Resource Management DOLORES DLT BARTNING Director, Equal Opportunity and Diversity PETER SUAZO, Acting Programs Director, Human Resources JOYCE E. SAVAGE Vice President, Administrative Services TAMZEN C. REITAN Director, Employee Development and JEANNE S. FELIX Training

The Export-Import Bank of the United States helps the private sector to create and maintain U.S. jobs by financing exports of the Nation’s goods and services. To accomplish this mission, the Bank offers a variety of loan, guarantee, and insurance programs to support transactions that would not be awarded to U.S. companies without the Bank’s assistance. EXPORT–IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES 519

The Export-Import Bank (Ex-Im Bank), medium-sized exporters with working established in 1934, operates as an capital they need to buy, build, or independent agency of the U.S. assemble products for export sale. Government under the authority of the —export credit insurance which Export-Import Bank Act of 1945, as protects the exporter against both the amended (12 U.S.C. 635 et seq.). The Bank has a Board of Directors consisting commercial and political risks of a of a President and Chairman, a First Vice foreign buyer defaulting on payment. President and Vice Chairman, and three The Bank offers a variety of policies: other Directors, all of whom are short- and medium-term, single- and appointed by the President with the multi-buyer, and small business and advice and consent of the Senate. umbrella policies. The Bank’s mission is to help —loan guarantees which encourage American exporters meet government- sales to creditworthy foreign buyers by supported financing competition from providing private sector lenders in other countries, so that U.S. exports can medium- and long-term transactions with compete for overseas business on the Ex-Im Bank guarantees against the basis of price, performance, and service. political and commercial risks of The Bank also fills gaps in the availability of commercial financing for nonpayment. Political-risk-only creditworthy export transactions. guarantees are also available. The Bank is required to find a —direct loans made to provide foreign reasonable assurance of repayment for buyers with competitive, fixed-rate each transaction it supports. Its medium- or long-term financing from Ex- legislation requires it to meet the Im Bank for their purchases from U.S. financing terms of competitor export exporters. The Bank’s direct loans carry credit agencies, but not to compete with the minimum interest rate allowed by commercial lenders. An export must the Organization for Economic have a minimum of 50 percent U.S. Cooperation and Development. content in order to be eligible for Ex-Im Bank support. There is no maximum or The Bank has initiated several new minimum dollar limit for Ex-Im Bank programs to broaden the range of financing. Legislation restricts the Bank’s customers and types of exporters it operation in some countries and its supports. The Environmental Exports support for military goods and services. Program provides enhanced financing terms for environmentally beneficial Activities goods and services. The Bank has also The Export-Import Bank is authorized to expanded its capabilities in the area of have outstanding at any one time loans, limited recourse project finance, and has guarantees, and insurance in aggregate adopted a policy of matching foreign amount not in excess of $75 billion. tied-aid credits to ensure that U.S. During fiscal year 1996, the Bank exporters do not lose sales in critical authorized a total of $11.5 billion in emerging markets. In order to make its financing, including a wide range of programs more readily available, Ex-Im capital goods exports to developing Bank works closely with many State and countries. local governments in its City/State The Bank supports U.S. exporters Program. through a range of diverse programs, which are offered under four broad Regional Offices categories of export financing: —working capital guarantees, The Export-Import Bank operates five provided to lenders, so that they can regional offices, listed in the table provide creditworthy small- and below. 520 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Regional OfficesÐExport-Import Bank

Region Address Telephone Fax

New York ...... Suite 635, 6 World Trade Ctr., New York, NY 10048 ...... 212±466±2950 212±466±2959 Miami ...... P.O. Box 590570, Miami, FL 33159 ...... 305±526±7425 305±526±7435 Chicago ...... Suite 2440, 55 W. Monroe St., Chicago, IL 60603 ...... 312±353±8040 312±353±8090 Houston ...... Suite 585, 1880 S. Dairy Ashford, Houston, TX 77077 ...... 281±589±8182 281±589±8184 Los Angeles ...... Suite 1670, One World Trade Ctr., Long Beach, CA 562±980±4580 562±980±4590 90831.

For further information, contact the Export-Import Bank, Business Development Office, 811 Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20571. Phone, 202–565–3900; or 800–565–3946 (toll-free).

FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION 1501 Farm Credit Drive, McLean, VA 22102–5090 Phone, 703–883–4000

Farm Credit Administration Board: Chairman MARSHA PYLE MARTIN Members of the Board DOYLE L. COOK, (VACANCY) Secretary to the Board FLOYD J. FITHIAN Staff: Chief Operating Officer (VACANCY) Director, Office of Congressional and Public EILEEN M. MCMAHON Affairs General Counsel JEAN NOONAN Associate General Counsels KATHLEEN V. BUFFON VICTOR A. COHEN Inspector General ELDON W. STOEHR Director, Office of Examination and Chief ROLAND E. SMITH Examiner Director, Office of Policy Development and THOMAS G. MCKENZIE Risk Control Director, Office of Secondary Market LARRY W. EDWARDS Oversight Director, Office of Resources Management DONALD P. CLARK [For the Farm Credit Administration statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 12, Parts 600 and 611]

The Farm Credit Administration is responsible for ensuring the safe and sound operation of the banks, associations, affiliated service organizations, and other entities that collectively comprise what is known as the Farm Credit System, and for protecting the interests of the public and those who borrow from Farm Credit institutions or invest in Farm Credit securities.

The Farm Credit Administration was examinations of the various Farm Credit established as an independent financial lending institutions, which are Farm regulatory agency in the executive Credit Banks, the Bank for Cooperatives, branch of the Federal Government by the Agricultural Credit Bank, Federal Executive Order 6084 of March 27, Land Bank Associations, Production 1933. The Administration carries out its Credit Associations, Agricultural Credit responsibilities by conducting Associations, and Federal Land Credit FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION 521 DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION OFFICE OF FISCAL RESOURCES HUMAN RESOURCES INFORMATION RESOURCES RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF SECONDARY THE BOARD MARKET OVERSIGHT* SECRETARY TO DIVISION REGULATORY LEGAL COUNSEL OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT DIVISION OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONGRESSIONAL AND OFFICER* CHIEF OPERATING FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION BOARD DIVISION REGULATION FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION CREDIT FARM RISK CONTROL OPPORTUNITY EQUAL EMPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENT DIVISION RISK CONTROL OFFICE OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL ACCOUNTING AND EASTERN REGION WESTERN REGION OFFICE OF EXAMINATION POLICY EXAMINATION *Reports to the Board for policy and CEO administration. 522 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Associations. It also examines the service known as ‘‘Farmer Mac’’). The organizations owned by the Farm Credit Corporation, designated as part of the lending institutions, as well as the Farm Credit System, is a federally National Consumer Cooperative Bank chartered instrumentality of the United (also known as the National Cooperative States and promotes the development of Bank (NCB)) and its subsidiaries, a secondary market for agricultural real including the NCB Development estate and rural housing loans. Farmer Corporation. Mac also provides guarantees for the Management of the agency is vested timely payment of principal and interest in the Farm Credit Administration Board, on securities, representing interests in or whose three full-time members are obligations backed by pools of appointed to 6-year terms by the agricultural real estate loans. The President, with the advice and consent Administration is responsible for the of the Senate. One member of the Board examination and regulation of Farmer is designated by the President as Mac to ensure the safety and soundness Chairman and serves as the of its operations. Administration’s chief executive officer. The Administration manages The Board is responsible for approving regulations under which Farm Credit rules and regulations, providing for the institutions operate. These regulations examination and regulation of and implement the Farm Credit Act of 1971, reporting by Farm Credit institutions, and as amended, and have the force and establishing the policies under which the effect of law. Similar to other Federal Administration operates. Board meetings regulators of financial institutions, the are regularly held on the second Administration’s authorities include the Thursday of the month and are subject power to issue cease-and-desist orders, to the Government in the Sunshine Act. to levy civil monetary penalties, to Public announcements of these meetings remove officers and directors of Farm are published in the Federal Register. Credit institutions, and to establish The lending institutions of the Farm financial and operating reporting Credit System were established to requirements. Although it is prohibited provide adequate and dependable credit from participation in routine and closely related services to farmers, management or operations of Farm ranchers, and producers or harvesters of Credit institutions, the Administration is aquatic products; persons engaged in authorized to become involved in these providing on-the-farm services; rural institutions’ management and operations homeowners; and associations of when the Farm Credit Act or its farmers, ranchers, and producers or regulations have been violated, when harvesters of aquatic products, or taking an action to correct an unsafe or federations of such associations that unsound practice, or when assuming a operate on a cooperative basis and are formal conservatorship over an engaged in marketing, processing, institution. supply, or business service functions for The Administration does not operate the benefit of their members. Initially on funds appropriated by Congress. Its capitalized by the United States income is derived from assessments Government, the Farm Credit lending collected from the institutions it regulates institutions are organized as cooperatives and examines. In addition to the and are completely owned by their headquarters office located in McLean, borrowers. The loan funds provided to VA, the Administration maintains 4 field borrowers by these institutions are offices located in Aurora, CO; obtained primarily through the sale of Bloomington, MN; Irving, TX; and securities to investors in the Nation’s Sacramento, CA. capital markets. Authority for the organization and The Agricultural Credit Act of 1987, as activities of the institutions comprising amended (12 U.S.C. 2279aa–1), the cooperative Farm Credit System and established the Federal Agricultural that operate under the regulation of the Mortgage Corporation (commonly Farm Credit Administration may be FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 523 found in the Farm Credit Act of 1971, as Employment Inquiries regarding amended (12 U.S.C. 2001). employment with the Administration should be directed to the Human Sources of Information Resources Division. Phone, 703–883– 4135. Inquiries for information on the Freedom of Information Requests following subjects may be directed to Requests for agency records must be the specified office, Farm Credit submitted in writing, clearly identified Administration, 1501 Farm Credit Drive, with ‘‘FOIA Request’’ and addressed to McLean, VA 22102–5090. the Office of the General Counsel. Contracts and Procurement Inquiries Phone, 703–883–4020. regarding the Administration’s Publications Publications and procurement and contracting activities information on the Farm Credit should be directed in writing to Administration may be obtained by Contracting and Procurement. Phone, writing the Office of Congressional and 703–883–4286. Public Affairs. Phone, 703–883–4056.

For further information, contact the Office of Congressional and Public Affairs, Farm Credit Administration, 1501 Farm Credit Drive, McLean, VA 22102–5090. Phone, 703–883–4056.

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 1919 M Street NW., Washington, DC 20554 Phone, 202–418–0200; 888–225–5322 (toll-free). TDD, 202–632–6999; 888–835–5322 (toll- free)

Chairman REED E. HUNDT Commissioners RACHELLE B. CHONG, SUSAN NESS,J AMES H. QUELLO, (VACANCY) Managing Director ANDREW S. FISHEL General Counsel WILLIAM E. KENNARD Director, Office of Public Affairs SUSAN LEWIS SALLET Director, Office of Legislative and KAREN KORNBLUH Intergovernmental Affairs Chief, International Bureau PETER COWHEY Inspector General H. WALKER FEASTER III Chief, Office of Plans and Policy ROBERT M. PEPPER Chief, Office of Administrative Law Judges JOSEPH STIRMER Chief, Mass Media Bureau ROY J. STEWART Chief, Common Carrier Bureau REGINA KEENEY Chief, Compliance and Information Bureau BEVERLY G. BAKER Chief, Wireless Telecommunications Bureau MICHELE FARQUHAR Chief, Cable Services Bureau MEREDITH JONES Director, Office of Communications Business CATHERINE SANDOVAL Opportunities Director, Office of Workplace Diversity JACK W. GRAVELY Chief, Office of Engineering and Technology RICHARD M. SMITH [For the Federal Communications Commission statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Part 0]

The Federal Communications Commission regulates interstate and foreign communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. It is responsible for 524 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL the orderly development and operation of broadcast services and the provision of rapid, efficient nationwide and worldwide telephone and telegraph services at reasonable rates. Its responsibilities also include the use of communications for promoting safety of life and property and for strengthening the national defense.

The Federal Communications and renewals or transfers of such Commission (FCC) was created by the broadcast licenses except for broadcast Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. auxiliary services. It also oversees 151 et seq.) to regulate interstate and compliance by broadcasters with statutes foreign communications by wire and and Commission policies. radio in the public interest. The Commission was assigned additional For further information, contact the Mass Media regulatory jurisdiction under the Bureau. Phone, 202–418–2600. provisions of the Communications Common Carrier Communications The Satellite Act of 1962 (47 U.S.C. 701– Common Carrier Bureau administers the 744), and a major overhaul of the regulatory program for interstate Communications Act of 1934 was common carrier communications by enacted with passage of the telephone. Common carriers include Telecommunications Act of 1996 (Public companies, organizations, or individuals Law 104–104, 110 Stat. 56). The scope of FCC regulation includes radio and providing communications services to television broadcasting; telephone, the public for hire, who must serve all telegraph, and cable television who wish to use them at established operation; two-way radio and radio rates. In providing interstate operators; and satellite communication. communications services, common The Commission is composed of five carriers may employ landline wire or members, who are appointed by the electrical or optical cable facilities. President with the advice and consent of For further information, contact the Common the Senate. One of the members is Carrier Bureau. Phone, 202–418–1500. designated by the President as Chairman. The Commission’s Office of the Wireless Telecommunications The General Counsel reviews initial Wireless Telecommunications Bureau decisions, writes decisions, and assists administers all domestic commercial and the Commission and individual private wireless telecommunications Commissioners in the disposition of programs and rules. The commercial matters arising in cases of adjudication, wireless services include cellular, as defined in the Administrative paging, personal communications, Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. note prec. 551), specialized mobile radio, air-ground, that have been designated for hearings. and basic exchange telecommunications The Commission’s administrative law services. The private wireless services judges, qualified and appointed pursuant generally serve the specialized internal to the requirements of the Administrative communications needs of eligible users, Procedure Act, conduct evidentiary and include the public safety, adjudicatory hearings and write initial decisions. microwave, aviation, and marine services. Additionally, the Bureau serves Activities as FCC’s principal policy and administrative resource with regard to all Mass Media The Mass Media Bureau spectrum auctions. It also implements administers the regulatory program for the compulsory provisions of laws and amplitude modulation (AM), frequency treaties covering the use of radio for the modulation (FM), television, low-power safety of life and property at sea and in TV, translators, multipoint distribution the air. The commercial and amateur service (MDS), instructional TV, and auxiliary services. The Bureau issues construction permits, operating licenses, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 525 BUREAU AFFAIRS CABLE SERVICES LEGISLATIVE AND CONSUMER PROTECTION AND COMPETITION DIVISION ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVISION FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND COMPLIANCE DIVISION POLICY AND RULES DIVISION GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC OUTREACH STAFF MANAGEMENT STAFF INTERGOVERNMENTAL DIVERSITY WORKPLACE BUREAU PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE DIVISION REFERENCE OPERATIONS DIVISION NEWS MEDIA STAFF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STAFF TELEVISION STAFF PLANNING AND NEGOTIATIONS DIVISION SATELLITE AND RADIO- COMMUNICATIONS DIVISION TELECOMMUNICATIONS DIVISION ADMINISTRATIVE AND MANAGEMENT STAFF BUSINESS OFFICE OF OPPORTUNITIES OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS BUREAU DIRECTOR OFFICE OF OFFICE OF MANAGING INFORMATION COMPLIANCE AND TECHNOLOGY DIVISION COMPLIANCE DIVISION OFFICE OF INFORMATION RESOURCES OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCES NATIONAL CALL CENTER REGIONAL OFFICES FIELD OFFICES HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT INFORMATION MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS PROGRAM ANALYSIS SECRETARY POLICY OFFICE OF PLANS AND CHAIRMAN COMMISSIONERS GENERAL OFFICE OF INSPECTOR BUREAU GENERAL COUNSEL OFFICE OF MASS MEDIA AUDIO SERVICES DIVISION ENFORCEMENT DIVISION POLICY AND RULES DIVISION VIDEO SERVICES DIVISION ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT STAFF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW DIVISION COMPETITION DIVISION LITIGATION DIVISION OFFICE OF LAW JUDGES ADMINISTRATIVE BUREAU WIRELESS FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION COMMUNICATIONS FEDERAL OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND AUCTIONS DIVISION COMMERCIAL WIRELESS DIVISION ENFORCEMENT DIVISION OFFICE OF OPERATIONS CUSTOMER SERVICES DIVISION LICENSING DIVISION POLICY DIVISION PRIVATE WIRELESS DIVISION MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING STAFF

ALLOCATION AND STANDARDS DIVISION EQUIPMENT AUTHORIZATION DIVISION NEW TECHNOLOGY DEVELOP- MENT DIVISION POLICY AND RULES DIVISION ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF TELECOMMUNICATIONS BUREAU CARRIER COMMON ENFORCEMENT DIVISION COMPETITIVE PRICING DIVISION ACCOUNTING AND AUDITS DIVISION NETWORK SERVICES DIVISION POLICY AND PROGRAMMING PLANNING DIVISION INDUSTRY ANALYSIS DIVISION MANAGEMENT STAFF 526 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL radio operator programs are also Cable Services Communications The administered by the Bureau. Cable Services Bureau develops, For further information, contact the Wireless recommends, and administers policies Telecommunications Bureau. Phone, 202–418– and programs for the regulation of cable 0600. television systems. The Bureau advises and recommends to the Commission, or International Bureau The International acts for the Commission under delegated Bureau manages all FCC international authority, in matters pertaining to the telecommunications and satellite regulation and development of cable programs and policies, and has the television. The Bureau is responsible for: principal representational role on behalf —investigating complaints and of the Commission at international answering general inquiries from the conferences, meetings, and negotiations. public; The Bureau consists of three divisions: —planing and developing proposed Telecommunications, Satellite and rulemakings and conducting Radiocommunication, and Planning and comprehensive studies and analyses Negotiations. (legal, social, and economic) of various The Telecommunications Division petitions for policy or rule changes; develops and administers policy, rules, —processing applications for and procedures for the regulations of authorizations in the cable television telecommunications facilities and relay service; services under section 214 of the —participating in hearings before Communications Act and Cable Landing Administrative Law Judges and the License Act. In addition, the Division Commission; develops and administers regulatory —conducting studies and compiling assistance and training programs in data relating to the cable industry for the conjunction with the administration’s Commission to develop and maintain an global information infrastructure (GII) adequate regulatory program; —collaborating and coordinating with initiative. State and local authorities in matters The Satellite and Radiocommunication involving cable television systems; and Division develops and administers —advising and assisting the public, policy, rules, standards, and procedures other Government agencies, and industry for licensing and regulation of satellite groups on cable television regulation and earth station facilities, both and related matters. international and domestic, and Engineering and Technology The oversight of Comsat as the U.S. Signatory Office of Engineering and Technology to INTELSAT and Inmarsat. administers the Table of Frequency The Planning and Negotiations Allocations which specifies the Division represents the Commission in frequency ranges that can be utilized by negotiations of international agreements various radio services. The Office also with Mexico, Canada, and other administers the Experimental Radio countries on the coordination and Service and the Equipment Authorization notification of domestic radio frequency Program. The Experimental Radio assignments and resolution of Service permits the public to experiment international radio interference involving with new uses of radio frequencies. This U.S. licensees. The Division processes allows development of radio equipment license applications and conducts and exploration of new radio techniques international coordination for high prior to licensing under other regulatory frequency (HF) international broadcast programs. The Equipment Authorization stations and acts on applications for Program includes several specific delivery of broadcast programs to foreign procedures by which the agency stations. approves radio equipment as a For further information, contact the International prerequisite to importation, marketing, or Bureau. Phone, 202–418–0420, or 888–225–5322 use. The procedures range from (toll-free). Commission testing of equipment FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 527 samples for compliance with applicable Bureau has 3 regional offices and 35 standards, through FCC review of field offices, as well as resident agents in applications and accompanying test 9 additional cities. It also operates a reports submitted by the applicants, to a nationwide fleet of mobile radio self-authorization procedure whereby a direction-finding vehicles for technical manufacturer certifies that the product enforcement purposes. The field staff, in complies with the standards. effect, are the Commission’s ‘‘eyes and For further information, contact the Office of ears’’ in detecting problems in the Engineering and Technology. Phone, 202–418– telecommunications environment and 2470, or 888–225–5322 (toll-free). enforcing communications legislation Compliance Much of the investigative and Commission rules. and enforcement work of the For further information, contact the Compliance Commission is carried out by its field and Information Bureau. Phone, 888–225–5322 staff. The Compliance and Information (toll-free). Compliance and Information Bureau

Office Address Director

Regional Offices Kansas City, MO ...... Rm. 320, 8800 E. 63d St., 64133 ...... Dennis P. Carlton Park Ridge, IL ...... Rm. 306, 1550 Northwest Hwy., 60068±1460 ...... Russell D. Monie San Francisco, CA ...... Rm. 420, 3777 Depot Rd., Hayward, CA 94545±2756 ...... Serge Marti-Volkoff Field Offices Allegan, MI ...... P.O. Box 89, 49010±9437 ...... James M. Roop Anchorage, AK ...... 6721 W. Raspberry Rd., 99502±1896 ...... Marlene Windel Atlanta, GA ...... Rm. 320, 3575 Koger Blvd., Duluth, GA, 30136±4958 ...... Fred L. Broce Belfast, ME ...... P.O. Box 470, 04915±0470 ...... Barry A. Bohac Buffalo, NY ...... Rm. 1307, 111 W. Huron St., 14202±2398 ...... David A. Viglione Cerritos, CA ...... Rm. 660, 1800 Studebaker Rd., 90701±3684 ...... James R. Zoulek Columbia, MD ...... P.O. Box 250, 21045±9998 ...... (Vacancy) Custer, WA ...... 1330 Loomis Trail Rd., 98240±9303 ...... (Vacancy) Dallas, TX ...... Rm. 1170, 9330 LBJ Fwy., 75243±3429 ...... James D. Wells Denver, CO ...... Rm. 860, 165 S. Union Blvd., 80228±2213 ...... Leo E. Cirbo Douglas, AZ ...... P.O. Box 6, 85608 ...... Stephen Y. Tsuya Farmington Hills, MI ...... 24897 Hathaway St., 48335±1552 ...... James A. Bridgewater Grand Island, NE ...... P.O. Box 1588, 68802±1588 ...... James H. Berrie, Jr. Hato Rey, PR ...... Rm. 747, Federal Bldg., 00918±1713 ...... William C. Berry Hayward, CA ...... Rm. 420, 3777 Depot Rd., 94545±2756 ...... David Doon Houston, TX ...... Rm. 900, 1225 N. Loop West, 77008±1775 ...... Loyd P. Perry Kansas City, MO ...... Rm. 320, 8800 E. 63d St., 64133±4895 ...... James A. Dailey Kingsville, TX ...... P.O. Box 632, 78363±0632 ...... Oliver K. Long Kirkland, WA ...... Rm. 312, 11410 NE. 122d Way, 98034±6927 ...... Gary P. Soulsby Langhorne, PA ...... Rm. 404, 2300 E. Lincoln Hwy., 19047±1859 ...... John Rahtes Livermore, CA ...... P.O. Box 311, 94551±0311 ...... Thomas N. Stavern Miami, FL ...... Rm. 310, 8390 NW. 53d St., 33166±4668 ...... John L. Theimer New Orleans, LA ...... Rm. 505, 800 W. Commerce Rd., 70123±3333 ...... James C. Hawkins New York, NY ...... 201 Varick St., 10014±4870 ...... Alexander J. Zimney Park Ridge, IL ...... Rm. 306, 1550 Northwest Hwy., 60068±1460 ...... George M. Moffitt Portland, OR ...... Rm. 1782, 1220 SW. 3d Ave., 97204±2898 ...... Charles W. Craig Powder Springs, GA ...... P.O. Box 85, 30073±0085 ...... Donald E. Taylor Quincy, MA ...... 1 Batterymarch Pk., 02169±7495 ...... Vincent F. Kajunski St. Paul, MN ...... Suite 31, 2025 Sloan Pl., Maplewood, MN 55117±2058 ...... Albert S. Jarratt San Diego, CA ...... Rm. 370, 4542 Ruffner St., 92111±2216 ...... William H. Grisby Tampa, FL ...... Rm. 1215, 2203 N. Lois Ave., 33607±2356 ...... Ralph M. Barlow Vero Beach, FL ...... P.O. Box 1730, 32961±1730 ...... Robert C. McKinney Virginia Beach, VA ...... 1200 Communications Cir., 23455±3725 ...... Joseph P. Husnay Waipahu, HI ...... P.O. Box 1030, 96797±1030 ...... Jack Shedletsky

Sources of Information of the Bureau or Office listed below as having responsibility for the service: Inquiries for information on the special Federal Communications Commission, subjects listed in the following 1919 M Street NW., Washington, DC paragraphs and those concerning 20554. licensing/grant requirements in the various services may be directed to the person or office specified or to the Chief 528 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Licensing/Grant ResponsibilityÐFederal Communications Commission

Service Bureau or Office

All broadcasting (except broadcast auxiliary services) and multipoint distribution services Mass Media Bureau Cable television relay radio Cable Services Bureau Cable TV rate regulation Cable TV relay services (CARS) Cable signal leakage Cable television questions Registration of cable systems

Common carrier radio Common Carrier Bureau Section 214 of FCC Act Experimental radio Office of Engineering and Tech- nology Equipment approval services: Office of Engineering and Tech- nology Certification Type acceptance Type approval Notification Verification

Amateur radio Wireless Telecommunications Bureau Auxiliary broadcast services Aviation radio Commercial radio operators Common carrier microwave services Interactive video and data services Land mobile radio Marine radio Private microwave radio

International Section 214 International Bureau International high frequency broadcast stations Satellite Earth stations Satellite space stations Section 325±C applications

Advisory Committee Management and clerical personnel. Requests for Direct inquiries to the Associate employment information should be Managing Director for Program Analysis. directed to the Chief, Staffing and Phone, 202–418–0442. Recruitment Service Center. Phone, 202– Consumer Assistance Inquiries 418–0130. concerning general information on Equal Employment Practices by Industry Commission operations and public Direct inquiries to the Chief, Public participation in the decisionmaking Service Division. Phone, 202–418–1799. process should be addressed to the Internal Equal Employment Practices Public Service Division, Room 254, Direct Inquiries to the Director, Office of 1919 M Street NW., Washington, DC Workplace Diversity. Phone, 888–225– 20554. Phone, 202–418–0200, or 888– 5322 (toll-free). 2250–5322 (toll-free). Ex-Parte Presentations Information Contracts and Procurement Direct concerning ex-parte presentations should inquiries to the Chief, Acquisitions be directed to the Commission’s Office Branch. Phone, 202–418–0930. of General Counsel. Phone, 202–418– Electronic Access Information 1720. regarding the Commission is also Fees Inquiries concerning the available electronically through the Commission’s Fee Program should be Internet, at http://www.fcc.gov/. addressed to the Public Service Division, Employment and Recruitment The Room 254, 1919 M Street NW., Commission’s programs require Washington, DC 20554. Phone, 888– attorneys, electronics engineers, 225–5322 (toll-free). economists, accountants, administrative Information Available for Public management and computer specialists, Inspection At the Commission’s FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION 529 headquarters office in Washington, DC, reference certain information pertaining dockets concerning rulemaking and to the operation of the station, a current adjudicatory matters, copies of copy of the application filed for license, applications for licenses and grants, and and nonconfidential reports filed with reports required to be filed by licensees the Commission. Special requests for and cable system operators are inspection of records at the maintained in the public reference Commission’s offices should be directed rooms (some reports are by law held to the Managing Director. Phone, 202– confidential). General information is also 418–1919. The Library has on file available through the Commission fax- Commission rules and regulations. on-demand (phone, 202–418–2830). In Phone, 202–418–0450. The Office of addition to the information available at Public Affairs distributes publications, the Commission, each broadcasting public notices, and press releases. station makes available for public Phone, 202–418–0500.

For further information, contact the Public Service Division, Federal Communications Commission, 1919 M Street NW., Washington, DC 20554. Phone, 202–418–0200, or 888–522–5322. TDD, 202–632–6999, or 888–835–5322.

FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION 550 Seventeenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20429 Phone, 202–393–8400

Board of Directors: Chairman RICKI HELFER Vice Chairman ANDREW C. HOVE, JR. Directors: (Comptroller of the Currency) EUGENE A. LUDWIG (Director, Office of Thrift Supervision) NICOLAS P. RETSINAS Appointive Director JOSEPH H. NEELY Officials: Deputy to the Chairman and Chief Operating DENNIS F. GEER Officer Deputy to the Chairman for Policy LESLIE A. WOOLLEY Chief Financial Officer PAUL L. SACHTLEBEN, Acting Deputy to the Vice Chairman ROGER A. HOOD Deputy to the Director (Comptroller of the THOMAS E. ZEMKE Currency) Deputy to the Director (Office of Thrift WALTER B. MASON Supervision) Deputy to the Director (Appointive) A. DAVID MEADOWS Executive Secretary JERRY L. LANGLEY General Counsel WILLIAM F. KROENER III Director, Division of Administration JANE L. SARTORI Director, Division of Compliance and CARMEN J. SULLIVAN Consumer Affairs Director, Division of Finance PAUL L. SACHTLEBEN Director, Division of Information Resources DONALD C. DEMITROS Management Director, Division of Insurance ARTHUR J. MURTON Director, Division of Research and Statistics WILLIAM R. WATSON 530 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Division of Resolutions and JOHN F. BOVENZI Receiverships Director, Division of Supervision NICHOLAS J. KETCHA, JR. Director, Office of Corporate Communications ROBERT M. GARSSON, JR. Director, Office of Diversity and Economic JO-ANN HENRY Opportunity Director, Office of Internal Control VIJAY DESHPANDE Management Director, Office of Legislative Affairs ALICE C. GOODMAN Director, Office of Ombudsman ARLEAS UPTON KEA Director, Office of Policy Development SHARON POWERS SIVERTSEN Inspector General GASTON L. GIANNI, JR.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation promotes and preserves public confidence in U.S. financial institutions by insuring bank and thrift deposits up to the legal limit of $100,000; by periodically examining State-chartered banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve System for safety and soundness as well as compliance with consumer protection laws; and by liquidating assets of failed institutions to reimburse the insurance funds for the cost of failures.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Activities Corporation (FDIC) was established The Federal Deposit Insurance under the Banking Act of 1933 in Corporation insures about $2 trillion of response to numerous bank failures after U.S. bank and thrift deposits. The the Great Depression. The Corporation insurance funds are composed of began insuring banks on January 1, insurance premiums paid by banks and 1934. Congress has increased the limit savings associations and the interest on on deposit insurance five times since the investment of those premiums in 1934, the most current level being U.S. Government securities, as required $100,000. by law. Banks pay premiums to the Bank The Corporation does not operate on Insurance Fund (BIF), while savings associations pay premiums to the funds appropriated by Congress. Its Savings Association Insurance Fund income is derived from assessments on (SAIF). Premiums are determined by an deposits held by insured banks and from institution’s level of capitalization and interest on the required investment of its potential risk to its insurance fund. surplus funds in Government securities. The Corporation examines about It also has authority to borrow from the 6,000 commercial and savings banks Treasury up to $30 billion for insurance that are not members of the Federal purposes. Reserve System, called State-chartered Management of FDIC consists of a nonmember banks. The Corporation also Board of Directors that includes the has back-up authority to examine other Chairman, Vice Chairman, and types of financial institutions. The two Appointive Director. The Comptroller of types of examinations conducted are for safety and soundness, and for the Currency, whose office supervises compliance with applicable consumer federally chartered or national banks, laws such as Truth in Lending, the Home and the Director of the Office of Thrift Mortgage Disclosure Act, and the Supervision, which supervises federally Community Reinvestment Act. chartered savings associations, are also Examinations are performed on the members of the Board. All five Board institution’s premises and off-site through members are appointed by the President computer data analysis. and confirmed by the Senate, with no A failed bank is generally closed by its more than three being from the same chartering authority, and FDIC is named political party. receiver. In that capacity, FDIC attempts FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION 531 AFFAIRS DEVELOPMENT OFFICE OF POLICY COMMUNICATIONS FOR POLICY OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE OFFICE OF OMBUDSMAN OFFICE OF CORPORATE DEPUTY TO THE CHAIRMAN OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DIVISION OF RESOURCES OPPORTUNITY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT DIVERSITY AND GENERAL COUNSEL DIVISION OF DIVISION OF SUPERVISION RECEIVERSHIPS RESOLUTIONS AND OFFICER OFFICE OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARY DIRECTORS CHAIRMAN FDIC BOARD OF OFFICE OF THE AND CHIEF OPERATING DEPUTY TO THE CHAIRMAN AFFAIRS STATISTICS DIVISION OF DIVISION OF CONSUMER RESEARCH AND COMPLIANCE AND GENERAL INSPECTOR FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION FEDERAL DIVISION OF INSURANCE DIVISION OF ADMINISTRATION OFFICER FINANCE CONTROL INTERNAL OFFICE OF DIVISION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 532 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL to locate a healthy institution to acquire functions relating to State nonmember the failed entity. If an acquirer cannot be banks, including: found, FDIC pays depositors the amount —approval or disapproval of mergers, of their insured funds, usually within 1 consolidations, and acquisitions where or 2 business days following the closing. the resulting bank is an insured State Depositors with funds that exceed the nonmember; insurance limit often receive an advance —approval or disapproval of a dividend, which is a portion of their proposal by a bank to establish and uninsured funds that is determined by an operate a new branch, close an existing estimate of the future proceeds from branch, or move its main office from one liquidating the failed bank’s remaining location to another; assets. Depositors with funds in a failed bank that exceed the insurance limit —issuance of enforcement actions, receive a receivership certificate for including cease-and-desist orders, for those funds and partial payments of their specific violations or practices requiring uninsured funds as asset liquidation corrective action; and permits. —reporting changes in ownership or In addition to its insurance, control of a bank, and reporting any supervisory, and liquidation loan secured by 25 percent or more of responsibilities, FDIC performs other the bank’s stock. Regional OfficesÐFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Region/Address Telephone

Supervision/Compliance and Consumer Affairs Atlanta, GA (Suite 1600, 1201 W. Peachtree St. NE., 30309) ...... 404±817±1300 Boston, MA (Suite 3100, 200 Lowder Brook Dr., Westwood, MA 02090) ...... 617±320±1600 Chicago, IL (Suite 3600, 500 W. Monroe St., 60661) ...... 312±382±7500 Dallas, TX (Suite 1900, 1910 Pacific Ave., 75201) ...... 214±220±3342 Kansas City, MO (Suite 1500, 2345 Grand Ave., 64108) ...... 816±234±8000 Memphis, TN (Suite 1900, 5100 Poplar Ave., 38137) ...... 901±685±1603 New York, NY (19th Fl., 452 5th Ave., 10018) ...... 212±704±1200 San Francisco, CA (Suite 2300, 25 Ecker St., 94105) ...... 415±546±0160 Resolutions and Receiverships NORTHEAST (101 E. River Dr., E. Hartford, CT 06108) ...... 860±291±4000 SOUTHEAST (Suite 1800, 1201 W. Peachtree St. NE., Atlanta, GA 30309) ...... 404±817±2500 SOUTHWEST (Suite 1000E, 5080 Spectrum Dr., Dallas, TX 75248) ...... 972±991±0039 WESTERN (4 Park Plz., Jamboree Ctr., Irvine, CA 92714) ...... 714±263±7100

Sources of Information Public Records Inquiries about the types of records available to the public, Consumer Information Information including records available under the about deposit insurance and other Freedom of Information Act, should be consumer matters is available from the directed to the Office of the Executive Division of Compliance and Consumer Secretary (phone, 202–898–3811) or any Affairs (DCA) at the same address or any regional office. regional office, or DCA’s hotline, 800– Publications Publications, press 934–3342. For a copy of a bank’s releases, congressional testimony, quarterly Report of Condition, call 800– directives to financial institutions, and 945–2186. other documents are available through General Inquiries Written requests for the Public Information Center (phone, general information may be directed to 800–276–6003) or electronically through the Office of Corporate the Internet, at http://www.fdic.gov/. Communications, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 550 Seventeenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20429. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION 533

For further information, contact the Corporate Communications Office, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 550 Seventeenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20429. Phone, 202–898–6993.

FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION 999 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20463 Phones: 202–219–3420; 800–424–9530 (toll-free)

Chairman JOHN WARREN MCGARRY Vice Chairman JOAN D. AIKENS Commissioners LEE ANN ELLIOTT, DANNY L. MCDONALD, SCOTT E. THOMAS, (VACANCY) Statutory Officers: Staff Director JOHN C. SURINA General Counsel LAWRENCE M. NOBLE Inspector General LYNNE A. MCFARLAND

The Federal Election Commission has exclusive jurisdiction in the administration and civil enforcement of laws regulating the acquisition and expenditure of campaign funds to ensure compliance by participants in the Federal election campaign process. Its chief mission is to provide public disclosure of campaign finance activities and effect voluntary compliance by providing the public with information on the laws and regulations concerning campaign finance.

The Federal Election Commission is an elections (Presidency, Senate, and House independent agency established by of Representatives). section 309 of the Federal Election Public Funding of Presidential Elections Campaign Act of 1971, as amended (2 The Commission oversees the public U.S.C. 437c). It is composed of six financing of Presidential elections by Commissioners appointed by the certifying Federal payments to primary President with the advice and consent of candidates, general election nominees, the Senate. The act also provides for and national nominating conventions. It three statutory officers—the Staff also audits recipients of Federal funds Director, the General Counsel, and the and may require repayments to the U.S. Inspector General—who are appointed Treasury if a committee makes by the Commission. nonqualified campaign expenditures. Disclosure The Commission ensures Activities the public disclosure of the campaign finance activities reported by political The Commission administers and committees supporting Federal enforces the Federal Election Campaign candidates. Committee reports, filed Act of 1971, as amended (2 U.S.C. 431 regularly, disclose where campaign et seq.), and the Revenue Act, as money comes from and how it is spent. amended (26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.). These The Commission places reports on the laws provide for the public funding of public record within 48 hours after they Presidential elections, public disclosure are received and computerizes the data of the financial activities of political contained in the reports. committees involved in Federal elections, and limitations and Sources of Information prohibitions on contributions and Clearinghouse on Election expenditures made to influence Federal Administration The Clearinghouse 534 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL compiles and disseminates election Media Inquiries The Press Office administration information related to answers inquiries from print and Federal elections. It also conducts broadcast media sources around the independent contract studies on the country, issues press releases on administration of elections. For further Commission actions and statistical data, information, call 202–219–3670, or responds to informational requests, and 800–424–9530 (toll-free). distributes other materials. All persons Congressional Affairs Office This representing media should direct Office serves as primary liaison with inquiries to the Press Office. Phone, Congress and executive branch agencies. 202–219–4155, or 800–424–9530 (toll- The Office is responsible for keeping free). Members of Congress informed about Commission decisions and, in turn, for Public Records The Office of Public informing the Commission on legislative Records, located at 999 E Street NW., developments. For further information, Washington, DC, provides space for call 202–219–4136, or 800–424–9530 public inspection of all reports and (toll-free). statements relating to campaign finance Employment Inquiries regarding since 1972. It is open weekdays from 9 employment opportunities should be a.m. to 5 p.m. and has extended hours directed to the Director, Personnel and during peak election periods. The public Labor Management Relations. Phone, is invited to visit the Office or obtain 202–219–4290, or 800–424–9530 (toll- information by calling 202–219–4140, or free). 800–424–9530 (toll-free). General Inquiries The Information Reading Room The library contains a Services Division provides information collection of basic legal research and assistance to Federal candidates, resources, with emphasis on political political committees, and the general campaign financing, corporate and labor public. This division answers questions political activity, and campaign finance on campaign finance laws, conducts reform. It is open to the public on workshops and seminars on the law, and weekdays between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. provides publications and forms. For For further information, call 202–219– information or materials, call 202–219– 3420, or 800–424–9530 (toll-free). 3312, or 800–424–9530 (toll-free).

For further information, contact Information Services, Federal Election Commission, 999 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20463. Phone, 202–219–3420; or 800–424–9530 (toll-free).

FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY 500 C Street SW., Washington, DC 20472 Phone, 202–646–4600

Director JAMES LEE WITT Deputy Director RAYMOND L. (BUDDY) YOUNG Chief of Staff JANE BULLOCK General Counsel MICHAEL B. HIRSCH, Acting Chief Financial Officer GARY JOHNSON Inspector General GEORGE OPFER Director of Strategic Communications MAURICE F. GOODMAN Director, Office of Congressional and MARTHA S. BRADDOCK Legislative Affairs FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY 535

Director, Office of Emergency Information and VALLEE BUNTING Media Affairs Associate Director, Response and Recovery LACY E. SUITER Directorate Associate Director, Information Technology CLAY G. HOLLISTER Services Directorate Associate Director, Mitigation Directorate (VACANCY) Associate Director, Preparedness, Training and KAY GOSS Exercises Directorate Associate Director, Operations Support BRUCE CAMPBELL Directorate Administrator, Federal Insurance (VACANCY) Administration Administrator, United States Fire CARRYE BROWN Administration [For the Federal Emergency Management Agency statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 2]

The Federal Emergency Management Agency is the central agency within the Federal Government for emergency planning, preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery. Working closely with State and local governments, the Agency funds emergency programs, offers technical guidance and training, and deploys Federal resources in times of catastrophic disaster. These coordinated activities ensure a broad-based program to protect life and property and provide recovery assistance after a disaster.

The Federal Emergency Management a part of FEMA, providing national Agency (FEMA) was established by leadership in fire safety and prevention. Executive Order 12127 of March 31, The U.S. Fire Administration has 1979, consolidating the Nation’s responsibility for all fire and emergency emergency-related programs. medical service programs and training The Agency reports directly to the activities. The Federal Insurance White House and manages the Administration (FIA) is also a part of President’s Disaster Relief Fund, the FEMA and manages the National Flood source of most Federal funding Insurance Program and crime insurance assistance after major disasters. Agency programs. The Emergency Management programs include response to and Institute (EMI) at Emmitsburg, Maryland, recovery from major natural disasters offers centralized professional courses for and human-caused emergencies, the Nation’s emergency managers. emergency management planning, flood- The Agency is responsible for plain management, hazardous materials coordinating Federal efforts to reduce the planning, dam safety, and multihazard loss of life and property through a response planning. Other activities comprehensive risk-based, all-hazards include off-site planning for emergencies emergency management program of at commercial nuclear power plants and mitigation, preparedness, response, and the Army’s chemical stockpile sites, recovery. The Agency also works to emergency food and shelter funding for assure the effectiveness and the the homeless, plans to ensure the availability of all-hazard systems and continuity of the Federal Government resources in coping with manmade and during national security emergencies, natural disasters; consolidates the and Federal response to the programs aimed at preventing and consequences of major terrorist mitigating the effects of potential incidents. disasters with the programs designed to The U.S. Fire Administration (USFA) deal with the disasters once they occur; and its National Fire Academy (NFA) are coordinates and plans for the emergency 536 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL AND DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION SUPPORT MITIGATION RESPONSE RECOVERY EXERCISES OFFICES OPERATIONS REGIONAL TRAINING, AND PREPAREDNESS, REGIONS IÐX DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION OPERATIONS ENGINEERING SERVICES MANAGEMENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DIRECTORATE OFFICE OF HUMAN OFFICE OF EQUAL RIGHTS RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL OFFICE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION SECURITY SERVICES PROGRAM LOGISTICS SAFETY AND SUPPORT OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAM OPERATIONS DIRECTORATE FIRE FIRE FIRE DIVISION DIVISION ACADEMY NATIONAL SUPPORT PROGRAMS OPERATIONS AND STUDENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT AND TECHNICAL UNITED STATES ADMINISTRATION DIRECTOR CHIEF OF STAFF DEPUTY DIRECTOR DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION FINANCIAL MARKETING CLAIMS AND OPERATIONS FEDERAL UNDERWRITING INSURANCE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR ADMINISTRATION HUMAN MOBILE DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION SERVICES READINESS OPERATIONS COORDINATION RECOVERY DIRECTORATE RESPONSE AND FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY MANAGEMENT EMERGENCY FEDERAL DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION FEDERAL DISASTER POLICY AND OPERATIONS PROCESSING DECLARATION AND PLANNING INFRASTRUCTURE OFFICE OF AND MEDIA AFFAIRS LOCAL DIVISION DIVISION OFFICE OF POLICY AND REGIONAL OPERATIONS STATE AND EXERCISES AND LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL PREPAREDNESS NATIONAL SECURITY COORDINATION OFFICE OF EMERGENCY INFORMATION EXERCISES DIRECTORATE TRAINING, AND PREPAREDNESS, MOUNT DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION WEATHER TRAINING RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PREPAREDNESS AND CAPABILITIES AND OFFICE HAZARD DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION AND RISK NATIONAL PROGRAM PROGRAM PROGRAM EARTHQUAKE ASSESSMENT DEVELOPMENT COORDINATION IDENTIFICATION MITIGATION IMPLEMENTATION DIRECTORATE FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY 537 deployment of resources that are used Operations Support This activity on a routine basis by Federal agencies; provides direct support and services and helps to coordinate preparedness which address the common needs of all programs with State and local agency programs, such as administration, governments, private industry, and acquisition, logistics, information voluntary organizations. In addition, systems, security, and specialized FEMA provides a Federal focus on fire capabilities and integration of the FEMA- prevention and public fire safety wide networks. education. Mitigation Programs This activity provides for the development, Activities coordination, and implementation of The principal activities of FEMA include: policies, plans, and programs to Response and Recovery This activity eliminate or reduce the long-term risk to provides for the development and life and property from natural hazards maintenance of an integrated operational such as floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, capability to respond to and recover and dam failures. A goal of this activity from the consequences of a disaster, is to encourage and foster mitigation regardless of its cause, in partnership strategies at the State and local levels. with other Federal agencies, State and Information Technology Services This local governments, volunteer activity provides leadership and direction organizations, and the private sector. for management of information Preparedness, Training, and Exercises resources, ADP, telecommunications, This activity provides policy guidance, and systems to accomplish the agency’s financial and technical assistance, mission. It provides direct support and training, and exercise support required to services to FEMA’s all-hazards establish or enhance all-hazard, risk- emergency management program of based emergency management mitigation, preparedness, and response capabilities of Federal, State, and local and recovery. governments. In addition, this activity Executive Direction This activity maintains a family protection program, develops strategies to address public utilizing private sector and volunteer information issues and provides staff and organizations to encourage and assist supporting resources for the general families and neighborhoods to take management and administration of the actions to increase their emergency Agency in legal affairs, congressional preparedness capabilities. affairs, emergency information and Fire Prevention and Training This public affairs, policy development, activity prepares Federal, State, and local national security, personnel, and officials, their staffs, emergency first financial management. responders, volunteer groups, and the public to meet the responsibilities of Regional Offices domestic emergencies through planning, Ten regional offices primarily carry out mitigation, preparedness, response, and FEMA’s programs at the regional, State, recovery. Educational programs are and local levels. The regional offices are provided through the National Fire responsible for accomplishing the Academy at the National Emergency national program goals and objectives of Training Center and through the field fire the Agency and supporting development training delivery systems. of national policy. Regional OfficesÐFederal Emergency Management Agency

Region/Address Telephone

Atlanta, GA (3003 Chamblee-Tucker Rd., 30341) ...... 770±220±5200 Boston, MA (Rm. 442, J.W. McCormack Post Office & Courthouse Bldg., 02109±4595) ...... 617±223±9540 Bothell, WA (Federal Regional Ctr., 130 228th St. SW., 98021±9796) ...... 206±487±4765 Chicago, IL (4th Fl., 175 W. Jackson Blvd., 60604±2698) ...... 312±408±5504 Denton, TX (Federal Regional Ctr., 800 N. Loop 288, 76201±3698) ...... 817±898±5104 Denver, CO (Bldg. 710, Denver Federal Ctr., Box 25267, 80225±0267) ...... 303±235±4812 538 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Regional OfficesÐFederal Emergency Management Agency—Continued

Region/Address Telephone

Kansas City, MO (Suite 900, 2323 Grand Blvd., 64108±2670) ...... 816±283±7061 New York, NY (Rm. 1337, 26 Federal Plz., 10278±0002) ...... 212±225±7209 Philadelphia, PA (2d Fl., Liberty Sq. Bldg., 105 S. 7th St., 19106±3316) ...... 215±931±5608 San Francisco, CA (Bldg. 105, Presidio of San Francisco, 94129±1250) ...... 415±923±7105

Sources of Information Acquisition Services Office of Acquisition Management. Phone, 202– Inquiries on the following subjects 646–4168. should be directed to the appropriate Employment Office of Human office of the Federal Emergency Resources Management. Phone, 202– Management Agency, 500 C Street SW., 646–4040. Washington, DC 20472. Freedom of Information Act Requests Office of General Counsel. Phone, 202– 646–3840.

For further information, contact the Office of Emergency Information and Media Affairs, Federal Emergency Management Agency, 500 C Street SW., Washington, DC 20472. Phone, 202–646–4600.

FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD 1777 F Street NW., Washington, DC 20006 Phone, 202–408–2500

Board of Directors: Chairman BRUCE A. MORRISON Members: LAWRENCE U. COSTIGLIO, J. TIMOTHY O’NEILL, (VACANCY) (Secretary of Housing and Urban ANDREW M. CUOMO Development, ex officio) Housing and Urban Development NICOLAS P. RETSINAS Secretary’s Designee to the Board Special Assistants to the Chairman KAREN H. CROSBY, MINDY TURBOV Executive Assistant to the HUD Secretary JAMES H. GRAY Assistants to the Board Directors MELISSA L. ALLEN, JULIE P. FALLON Officials: Managing Director (VACANCY) Inspector General EDWARD KELLEY General Counsel DEBORAH F. SILBERMAN, Acting Director, Office of Supervision MITCHELL BERNS Director, Office of Policy KAREN H. CROSBY, Acting Director, Office of Congressional Affairs RANDALL H. MACFARLANE Director, Office of Public Affairs NAOMI P. SALUS FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD 539

Director, Office of Resource Management BARBARA L. FISHER Secretary to the Board ELAINE L. BAKER [For the Federal Housing Finance Board statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 12, Part 900]

The Federal Housing Finance Board is responsible for the administration and enforcement of the Federal Home Loan Bank Act, as amended.

The Federal Housing Finance Board —issuing policies governing the Bank (Finance Board) was established on System’s financial management and August 9, 1989, by the Federal Home investment activities; Loan Bank Act, as amended by the —maintaining Bank System financial Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and membership data bases and and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA) preparing reports on a regular basis; (12 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.), as an —overseeing the implementation of independent regulatory agency in the the community investment and executive branch. The Finance Board affordable housing programs; succeeded the Federal Home Loan Bank —conducting a biennial review of Board for those functions transferred to it each member’s community support by FIRREA. performance; —issuing consolidated Federal Home The Finance Board is governed by a Loan Bank obligations which are joint five-member Board of Directors. Four and several obligations of all Federal members are appointed by the President Home Loan Banks; with the advice and consent of the —annually examining each Federal Senate for 7-year terms; one of the four Home Loan Bank; is designated as Chairman. The Secretary —requiring an independent financial of the Department of Housing and audit of each Bank, the Office of Urban Development is the fifth member Finance, the Financing Corporation, and and serves in an ex officio capacity. the Bank System; —appointing six directors to the board The Finance Board supervises the 12 of directors of each Bank and Federal Home Loan Banks created in conducting the election of the remaining 1932 by the Federal Home Loan Bank directors by the members; and Act and issues regulations and orders for —setting standards for the review and carrying out the purposes of the approval of applications for Bank provisions of that act. Savings membership. associations, commercial banks, savings The Finance Board is not subject to banks, credit unions, insurance the appropriation process. Its funds are companies, and other institutions neither appropriated nor derived from specified in section 4 of the act that Government funds, and are not subject make long-term home-mortgage loans to apportionment. The expenses of the are eligible to become members of the Finance Board are paid by assessment Federal Home Loan Bank. The Finance against the regional Federal Home Loan Board supervises the Federal Home Loan Banks. Banks and ensures that they carry out their housing finance and community Regional Banks investment mission, remain adequately The System includes 12 regional Federal capitalized and able to raise funds in the Home Loan Banks that are mixed- capital markets, and operate in a safe ownership Government corporations. A and sound manner. The functions of the board of directors, six of whom are Finance Board include: appointed by the Finance Board, —prescribing rules and conditions manages the Banks. The Finance Board under which the Banks may lend to conducts the election of the remaining members and eligible nonmembers; directors. 540 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF RESOURCE BOARD DIRECTOR OFFICE OF OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS INSPECTOR GENERAL BOARD DIRECTOR AFFAIRS OFFICE OF OR CONGRESSIONAL OFFICE OF CHAIRMAN MANAGING DIRECT POLICY OFFICE OF FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD BOARD DIRECTOR OFFICE OF SUPERVISION BOARD DIRECTOR OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD 541

Capital and Sources of Funds The consolidated obligations of comparable Banks’ principal source of capital is maturities plus reasonable administrative stock, which members are required by costs, to members engaged in law to purchase upon joining the Bank community-oriented mortgage lending. System, and which is redeemed upon a Advances are used for loans to finance member’s withdrawal from the System. rental and owner-occupied housing for The Banks fund their lending activity families whose incomes do not exceed through the issuance of Bank System 115 percent of area median income and consolidated obligations, which are the commercial and economic development joint and several liability of all the activities that benefit low- and moderate- Banks. Member deposits are an income families or that are located in additional source of funds. Bank System low- and moderate-income consolidated debt is issued by the neighborhoods. Finance Board through the Office of Finance, the Bank System’s fiscal agent. To maintain access to long-term The Banks’ consolidated obligations are advances, Bank members must establish neither obligations of, nor guaranteed reasonable commitments to residential by, the United States. lending and community support Operations The Banks’ primary activity activities. Every 2 years, the Finance is extending secured loans (advances) to Board reviews the community support member institutions. Advances are performance of each member by taking generally collateralized by whole first into account factors such as each mortgage loans and mortgage-backed member’s Community Reinvestment Act securities, as well as other high-quality performance and its lending to first-time assets. In making advances, the Bank homebuyers. The Banks provide System serves as a source of short- and technical assistance to their members in long-term funds for institutions operating meeting the community support in the mortgage markets as originators standards. and holders of mortgage assets. Because the Bank System does not set standards Financing Corporation for the loans its members make, members have the flexibility to develop The Financing Corporation (FICO) was responsive credit products and established by the Competitive Equality underwriting standards. The Banks also Banking Act of 1987 (12 U.S.C. 1441) enter into hedging transactions as with the sole purpose of issuing and intermediaries with their members, servicing bonds, the proceeds of which which assists the members with their were used to fund thrift resolutions. The asset-liability management. principal on the bonds was defeased Under the Affordable Housing with capital contributions from the Program (AHP), the Banks provide Banks. The Corporation has a three- subsidized advances or direct subsidies member directorate, consisting of the to Bank members engaged in lending for Managing Director of the Office of long-term owner-occupied and Finance and two Federal Home Loan affordable rental housing targeted to Bank presidents. households with very low, low, or The Financing Corporation operates moderate incomes. This competitive subject to the regulatory authority of the program is financed from a specified Federal Housing Finance Board. percentage of each Bank’s previous year’s net income. The greater of $100 Sources of Information million or 10 percent of the previous year’s net income is available for the Requests for information relating to program. human resources and procurement Under the Community Investment should be sent to the Office of Resource Program (CIP), each Bank provides Management, at the address listed advances priced at the Bank’s cost of below. 542 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For further information, contact the Executive Secretariat, Federal Housing Finance Board, 1777 F Street NW., Washington, DC 20006. Phone, 202–408–2500. Fax, 202–408–2895.

FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY 607 Fourteenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20424–0001 Phone, 202–482–6560

Chair PHYLLIS N. SEGAL Chief Counsel SUSAN D. MCCLUSKEY Director of External Affairs KIMBERLY A. WEAVER Member (VACANCY) Chief Counsel STEVEN H. SVARTZ Member DONALD S. WASSERMAN Chief Counsel BARBARA B. FRANKLIN Chief Administrative Law Judge SAMUEL A. CHAITOVITZ Solicitor DAVID M. SMITH Executive Director SOLLY J. THOMAS, JR. Assistant to the Executive Director HAROLD D. KESSLER Inspector General ROBERT G. ANDARY General Counsel JOSEPH SWERDZEWSKI Deputy General Counsel DAVID L. FEDER Director of Operations and Resources CLYDE B. BLANDFORD, JR. Management Deputy Director of Operations, Field NANCY A. SPEIGHT Management Director of Appeals and Special Programs CAROL W. POPE Director, Collaboration and Alternative Dispute THELMA C. COLWELL Resolution Program Federal Service Impasses Panel Chair BETTY BOLDEN Members GILBERT CARRILLO, BONNIE P. CASTREY, DOLLY M. GEE,E DWARD F. HARTFIELD, MARY E. JACKSTEIT, STANLEY M. FISHER Executive Director H. JOSEPH SCHIMANSKY Foreign Service Labor Relations Board Chair PHYLLIS N. SEGAL Members TIA SCHNEIDER DENENBERG, (VACANCY) General Counsel JOSEPH SWERDZEWSKI Foreign Service Impasse Disputes Panel Chair (VACANCY) Members BETTY BOLDEN, DAVID GEISS,G EORGE LANNON, DOROTHY YOUNG

The Federal Labor Relations Authority oversees the Federal service labor- management relations program. It administers the law that protects the right of employees of the Federal Government to organize, bargain collectively, and participate through labor organizations of their own choosing in decisions affecting FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY 543 them. The Authority also ensures compliance with the statutory rights and obligations of Federal employees and the labor organizations that represent them in their dealings with Federal agencies.

The Federal Labor Relations Authority practices, files and prosecutes unfair was created as an independent labor practice complaints before the establishment by Reorganization Plan Authority, and exercises such other No. 2 of 1978 (5 U.S.C. app.), effective powers as the Authority may prescribe. January 1, 1979, pursuant to Executive The Federal Service Impasses Panel, Order 12107 of December 28, 1978, to an entity within the Authority, is consolidate the central policymaking assigned the function of providing functions in Federal labor-management assistance in resolving negotiation relations. Its duties and authority are specified in title VII (Federal Service impasses between agencies and unions. Labor-Management Relations) of the After investigating an impasse, the Panel Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 (5 can either recommend procedures to the U.S.C. 7101–7135). parties for the resolution of the impasse or assist the parties in resolving the Activities impasse through whatever methods and procedures, including factfinding and The Authority provides leadership in recommendations, it considers establishing policies and guidance appropriate. If the parties do not arrive at relating to the Federal service labor- a settlement after assistance by the management relations program. In Panel, the Panel may hold hearings and addition, it determines the take whatever action is necessary to appropriateness of bargaining units, resolve the impasse. supervises or conducts representation elections, and prescribes criteria and The Foreign Service Labor Relations resolves issues relating to the granting of Board and the Foreign Service Impasse consultation rights to labor organizations Disputes Panel administer provisions of with respect to internal agency policies chapter 2 of the Foreign Service Act of and governmentwide rules and 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3921), concerning regulations. It also resolves negotiability labor-management relations. This disputes, unfair labor practice chapter establishes a statutory labor- complaints, and exceptions to arbitration management relations program for awards. The Chair of the Authority Foreign Service employees of the U.S. serves as the chief executive and Government. Administrative and staff administrative officer. support is provided by the Federal Labor The General Counsel of the Authority Relations Authority and the Federal investigates alleged unfair labor Service Impasses Panel. Regional OfficesÐFederal Labor Relations Authority

City/Address Director Telephone

Atlanta, GA (Suite 701, 285 Peachtree Ave., 30303±1270) ...... Brenda M. Robinson ...... 404±331±5212 Boston, MA (Suite 1500, 99 Summer St., 02110) ...... Edward S. Davidson ...... 617±424±5730 Chicago, IL (Suite 1150, 55 W. Monroe, 60603) ...... William E. Washington ...... 312±353±6306 Dallas, TX (Suite 926, 525 Griffin St., 75202) ...... James Petrucci ...... 214±767±4996 Denver, CO (Suite 100, 1244 Speer Blvd., 80204) ...... Marjorie K. Thompson ...... 303±844±5224 San Francisco, CA (Suite 220, 901 Market St., 94103) ...... Gerald M. Cole ...... 415±744±4000 Washington, DC (Suite 400, 1255 22d St. NW., 20037) ...... Michael W. Doheny ...... 202±653±8500

Sources of Information Public Information and Publications The Authority will assist in arranging Employment Employment inquiries and reproduction of documents and ordering applications may be sent to the Director transcripts of hearings. Requests for of the Human Resources Division. publications should be submitted to the Phone, 202–482–6660. Assistant to the Executive Director. 544 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL (7) DIVISION OFFICES GENERAL COUNSEL GENERAL REGIONAL INSPECTOR RESOURCES INFORMATION MANAGEMENT PANEL SERVICE FEDERAL IMPASSES HUMAN DIVISION RESOURCES LAW JUDGES ADMINISTRATIVE AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION ALTERNATIVE COLLABORATION CHAIR FINANCE DIVISION DIRECTOR EXECUTIVE BUDGET AND (2) MEMBER) MEMBERS AUTHORITY (ONE TO EACH FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY CHIEF COUNSELS DIVISION SERVICES SOLICITOR ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE IMPASSE FOREIGN DISPUTES PANEL LABOR BOARD CHAIR’S SERVICE FOREIGN RELATIONS DIRECTOR OF CHIEF COUNSEL CASE CONTROL FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION 545

Phone, 202–482–6560 or 202–482– Federal service labor-management 6690, ext. 440. relations program and the Authority’s Reading Room Anyone desiring to role and duties, its personnel participate inspect formal case documents or read as speakers or panel members before agency publications may use facilities of various groups. Requests for speakers or the Authority’s offices. panelists should be submitted to the Speakers To give agencies, labor Office of the Chair (phone, 202–482– organizations, and other interested 6500); or to the Deputy General Counsel persons a better understanding of the (phone, 202–482–6680).

For further information, contact the Assistant to the Executive Director, Federal Labor Relations Authority, 607 Fourteenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20424–0001. Phone, 202–482–6560.

FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION 800 North Capitol Street NW., Washington, DC 20573–0001 Phone, 202–523–5707

Chairman HAROLD J. CREEL, JR. Commissioners MING C. HSU, JOE SCROGGINS, JR.,D ELMOND J.H. WON, (VACANCY) General Counsel THOMAS PANEBIANCO Secretary JOSEPH C. POLKING Director, Office of Informal Inquiries, JOSEPH T. FARRELL Complaints, and Informal Dockets Chief Administrative Law Judge NORMAN D. KLINE Director, Office of Equal Employment (VACANCY) Opportunity Inspector General TONY P. KOMINOTH Managing Director EDWARD PATRICK WALSH Deputy Managing Director BRUCE A. DOMBROWSKI Director, Bureau of Economics and AUSTIN SCHMITT Agreements Analysis Director, Bureau of Tariffs, Certification, and BRYANT L. VANBRAKLE Licensing Director, Bureau of Enforcement VERN W. HILL Director, Bureau of Administration SANDRA L. KUSUMOTO

The Federal Maritime Commission regulates the waterborne foreign commerce of the United States, ensures that U.S. international trade is open to all nations on fair and equitable terms, and protects against unauthorized, concerted activity in the waterborne commerce of the United States. This is accomplished through maintaining surveillance over steamship conferences and common carriers by water; ensuring that only the rates on file with the Commission are charged; reviewing agreements between persons subject to the Shipping Act of 1984; guaranteeing equal treatment to shippers, carriers, and other persons subject to the shipping statutes; and ensuring that adequate levels of financial responsibility are maintained for indemnification of passengers.

The Federal Maritime Commission was August 12, 1961. It is an independent established by Reorganization Plan No. agency that regulates shipping under the 7 of 1961 (5 U.S.C. app.), effective following statutes: the Shipping Act of 546 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL OFFICE COMMISSIONER OF EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY OF OFFICE COMMISSIONER LAW JUDGES ADMINISTRATIVE OF BUREAU ENFORCEMENT AREA REPRESENTATIVES LOS ANGELESNEW ORLEANSNORTH ATLANTIC MIAMI SEATTLE OFFICE OF THE GENERAL CHAIRMAN INSPECTOR OF BUREAU ANALYSIS AGREEMENTS ECONOMICS AND OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION FEDERAL DIRECTOR MANAGING COMMISSIONER OF BUREAU ADMINISTRATION OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL COMMISSIONER OF BUREAU TARIFFS, AND LICENSING CERTIFICATION, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION 547

1984 (46 U.S.C. app. 1701–1720); the Informal Complaints The Commission Merchant Marine Act, 1920 (46 U.S.C. reviews alleged or suspected violations app. 861 et seq.); the Foreign Shipping of the shipping statutes and rules and Practices Act of 1988 (46 U.S.C. app. regulations of the Commission and may 1710a); the Merchant Marine Act, 1936 take administrative action to institute (46 U.S.C. app. 1101 et seq.); and formal proceedings, to refer matters to certain provisions of the act of other governmental agencies, or to bring November 6, 1966 (46 U.S.C. app. about voluntary agreement between the 817(d) and 817(e)). parties. Formal Adjudicatory Procedure The Activities Commission conducts formal Agreements The Commission reviews investigations and hearings on its own for legal sufficiency agreements filed motion and adjudicates formal under section 5 of the Shipping Act of complaints in accordance with the 1984 (46 U.S.C. app. 1704), including Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. conference, interconference, and note prec. 551). cooperative working agreements among Rulemaking The Commission common carriers, terminal operators, promulgates rules and regulations to and other persons subject to the shipping interpret, enforce, and ensure statutes. It also monitors activities under compliance with shipping and related all effective (1984 act) or approved statutes by common carriers and other (1916 act) agreements for compliance persons subject to the statutes. with the provisions of law and its rules, Investigation, Audit, and Financial and orders, and regulations. Economic Analyses The Commission Tariffs The Commission accepts or prescribes and administers programs to rejects tariff filings, including filings ensure compliance with the provisions of dealing with service contracts, of the shipping statutes. These programs common carriers engaged in the foreign include the submission of information; and domestic offshore commerce of the United States, or conferences of such field investigations and audits of carriers. Special permission applications activities and practices of common may be submitted for relief from carriers, conferences, terminal operators, statutory and/or Commission tariff freight forwarders, and other persons requirements. The Commission monitors subject to the shipping statutes; and rate the activities of controlled carriers under analyses, studies, and economic reviews section 9 of the Shipping Act of 1984 of current and prospective trade (46 U.S.C. app. 1708, 1709, 1714). conditions, including the extent and Licenses The Commission issues nature of competition in various trade licenses to persons, partnerships, areas. corporations, or associations desiring to International Affairs The Commission engage in ocean freight forwarding conducts investigations of foreign activities. governmental and foreign carrier Passenger Indemnity The Commission practices that adversely affect the U.S. administers the passenger indemnity shipping trade and, in conjunction with provisions of the act of November 6, the Department of State, conducts 1966, which require shipowners and activities to effect the elimination of operators to obtain certificates of discriminatory practices on the part of financial responsibility to pay judgments foreign governments against United for personal injury or death or to refund States-flag shipping and to achieve fares in the event of nonperformance of comity between the United States and its voyages. trading partners. 548 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Area RepresentativesÐFederal Maritime Commission

District Address/Phone Representative

Los Angeles Rm. 1018, 300 S. Ferry St., San Pedro, CA 90731. Phone, 310±514±4905. Fax, 310±514±3931. E-mail, [email protected] ...... Oliver E. Clark Miami Rm. 736, 909 SE. First Ave., Miami, FL 33131. Phone, 305±536±4316. Fax, 305±536±4317. E-mail, [email protected] ...... Andrew Margolis New Orleans Rm. 303, 423 Canal St., New Orleans, LA 70130. Phone, 504±589±6662. Fax, 504±589±6664. E-mail, [email protected] ...... Alvin N. Kellogg North Atlantic 800 N. Capitol St., Washington, DC 20573±0001. Phone, 202±523±0300. Fax, 202±523±3725. E-mail, [email protected] ...... Michael F. Carley Seattle 3236 16th Ave. SW., Seattle, WA 98134. Phone, 206±553±0221. Fax, 206±553±0222. E-mail, [email protected] ...... Michael A. Moneck

Sources of Information Commission, 800 North Capitol Street NW., Washington, DC 20573–0001. Electronic Access Information about the Federal Maritime Commission is Phone, 202–523–5773. available in electronic form through the Informal Complaints Phone, 202–523– Internet, at http://www.fmc.gov/. 5807. E-mail, [email protected]. Employment Employment inquiries Publications The Thirty-fifth Annual may be directed to the Office of Report (1996) is a recent publication of Personnel, Federal Maritime the Federal Maritime Commission.

For further information, contact the Office of the Secretary, Federal Maritime Commission, 800 North Capitol Street NW., Washington, DC 20573–0001. Phone, 202–523–5725. Fax, 202–523–0014.

FEDERAL MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION SERVICE 2100 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20427 Phone, 202–606–8100

Director JOHN CALHOUN WELLS Deputy Director, Field Operations C. RICHARD BARNES Deputy Director, National Office WILMA B. LIEBMAN

The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service assists labor and management in resolving disputes in collective bargaining contract negotiation through voluntary mediation and arbitration services; provides training to unions and management in cooperative processes to improve long-term relationships under the Labor Management Cooperation Act of 1978, including Federal sector partnership training authorized by Executive Order 12871; provides alternative dispute resolution services and training to Government agencies, including the facilitation of regulatory negotiations under the Administrative Dispute Resolution Act and the Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1996; and awards competitive grants to joint labor-management committees to encourage innovative approaches to cooperative efforts.

The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Activities Service (FMCS) was created by the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947 (29 The Federal Mediation and Conciliation U.S.C. 172). The Director is appointed Service helps prevent disruptions in the by the President with the advice and flow of interstate commerce caused by consent of the Senate. labor-management disputes by providing mediators to assist disputing parties in the resolution of their differences. FEDERAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION 549

Mediators have no law enforcement Mediation Efforts of FMCS mediators authority and rely wholly on persuasive are directed toward the establishment of techniques. sound and stable labor-management The Service offers its facilities in labor- relations on a continuing basis, thereby management disputes to any industry helping to reduce the incidence of work affecting interstate commerce with stoppages. The mediator’s basic function employees represented by a union, is to encourage and promote better day- either upon its own motion or at the to-day relations between labor and request of one or more of the parties to the dispute, whenever in its judgment management, so that issues arising in such dispute threatens to cause a negotiations may be faced as problems substantial interruption of commerce. to be settled through mutual effort rather The Labor Management Relations Act than issues in dispute. requires that parties to a labor contract For further information, contact the Office of must file a dispute notice if agreement is Public Affairs. Phone, 202–606–8080. not reached 30 days in advance of a contract termination or reopening date. Arbitration The Service, on the joint The notice must be filed with the Service request of employers and unions, will and the appropriate State or local also assist in the selection of arbitrators mediation agency. The Service is from a roster of private citizens who are required to avoid the mediation of qualified as neutrals to adjudicate disputes that would have only a minor matters in dispute. effect on interstate commerce if State or other conciliation services are available For further information, contact the Office of Arbitration Services. Phone, 202–606–5111. to the parties. For further information, contact one of the regional offices listed below. Regional OfficesÐFederal Mediation and Conciliation Service

Region/Address Director Telephone

Northeastern (2d Fl., 1633 Broadway, New York, NY 10019) ...... Kenneth C. Kowalski ...... 212±399±5038 Southern (Suite 472, 401 W. Peachtree St. NW., Atlanta, GA 30308) ...... C. Richard Barnes ...... 404±331±3995 Midwestern (Suite 100, 6161 Oak Tree Blvd., Independence, OH 44131) ...... Thomas M. O'Brien ...... 216±522±4800 Upper Midwestern (Suite 3950, 1300 Godward St., Minneapolis, MN 55413) Maureen E. Labenski ...... 612±370±3300 Western (Suite 610, 225 W. Broadway, Glendale, CA 91204) ...... Jan Jung-Min Sunoo ...... 213±965±3814

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, 2100 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20427. Phone, 202–606–8080. Fax, 202–606–4251.

FEDERAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION 1730 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20006–3867 Phone, 202–653–5625

Chairman MARY LU JORDAN Commissioners MARK L. MARKS, JAMES C. RILEY,T HEODORE F. VERHEGGEN, (VACANCY) Chief Administrative Law Judge PAUL MERLIN General Counsel NORMAN M. GLEICHMAN Executive Director RICHARD L. BAKER 550 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL COMMISSIONER LAW JUDGE COMMISSIONER CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE CHAIRMAN GENERAL COUNSEL COMMISSIONER EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR FEDERAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION COMMISSIONER FEDERAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION 551

The Federal Mine Safety and Health Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 554, 556) and Review Commission is an independent, the Commission’s procedural rules (29 quasi-judicial agency established by the CFR Part 2700). Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of A judge’s decision becomes a final but 1977 (30 U.S.C. 801 et seq.). The act, nonprecedential order of the enforced by the Secretary of Labor Commission 40 days after issuance through the Mine Safety and Health unless the Commission has directed the Administration, governs compliance with case for review in response to a petition occupational safety and health standards or on its own motion. If a review is in the Nation’s surface and underground conducted, a decision of the coal, metal, and nonmetal mines. Commission becomes final 30 days after The Commission consists of five issuance unless a party adversely members who are appointed by the affected seeks review in the U.S. Circuit President with the advice and consent of Court of Appeals for the District of the Senate and who serve staggered, 6- Columbia or the Circuit within which year terms. The Chairman is selected the mine subject to the litigation is from among the Commissioners. located. The Commission and its Office of Administrative Law Judges are charged As far as practicable, hearings are held with deciding cases brought pursuant to at locations convenient to the affected the act by the Mine Safety and Health mines. The Office of Administrative Law Administration, mine operators, and Judges has two offices: the Falls Church miners or their representatives. These Office, 2 Skyline, 5203 Leesburg Pike, cases generally involve review of the Falls Church, VA 22041; and the Denver Administration’s enforcement actions Office, Colonnade Center, Room 280, including citations, mine closure orders, 1244 Speer Boulevard, Denver, CO and proposals for civil penalties issued 80204. for violations of the act or the mandatory safety and health standards promulgated Sources of Information by the Secretary of Labor. The Commission decisions are published Commission also has jurisdiction over monthly and are available through the discrimination complaints filed by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. miners or their representatives in Government Printing Office, connection with their safety and health Washington, DC 20402. Requests for rights under the act, and over complaints Commission records should be submitted for compensation filed on behalf of in accordance with the Commission’s miners idled as a result of mine closure Freedom of Information Act regulations. orders issued by the Administration. Other information, including Commission rules of procedure and Activities brochures explaining the Commission’s Cases brought before the Commission functions, is available from the Executive are assigned to the Office of Director, Federal Mine Safety and Health Administrative Law Judges, and hearings Review Commission, Sixth Floor, 1730 K are conducted pursuant to the Street NW., Washington, DC 20006- requirements of the Administrative 3867. E-mail, info @fmshrc.gov.

For further information, contact the Executive Director, Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission, Sixth Floor, 1730 K Street NW., Washington DC 20006–3867. Phone, 202–653–5625. Fax, 202–653–5030. E-mail, [email protected]. 552 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Twentieth Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20551 Phone, 202–452–3000

Board of Governors Chairman ALAN GREENSPAN Vice Chair ALICE M. RIVLIN Members EDWARD W. KELLEY, JR., LAURENCE H. MEYER, SUSAN M. PHILLIPS, (2 VACANCIES) Official Staff: Assistants to the Board JOSEPH R. COYNE, DONALD J. WINN, THEODORE E. ALLISON General Counsel J. VIRGIL MATTINGLY, JR. Secretary WILLIAM W. WILES Deputy Secretary JENNIFER J. JOHNSON Associate Secretary and Ombudsman BARBARA R. LOWREY Director, Division of Consumer and GRIFFITH L. GARWOOD Community Affairs Director, Division of Banking Supervision and RICHARD SPILLENKOTHEN Regulation Director, Division of Monetary Affairs DONALD L. KOHN Deputy Director DAVID E. LINDSEY Director, Division of Research and Statistics MICHAEL J. PRELL Deputy Directors EDWARD C. ETTIN, DAVID J. STOCKTON Staff Director, Division of International Finance EDWIN M. TRUMAN Senior Associate Directors LARRY J. PROMISEL, CHARLES J. SIEGMAN Staff Director, Office of Staff Director for S. DAVID FROST Management Director, Division of Information Resources STEPHEN R. MALPHRUS Management Director, Division of Human Resources DAVID L. SHANNON Management Associate Director JOHN R. WEIS Comptroller GEORGE E. LIVINGSTON Director, Division of Support Services ROBERT E. FRAZIER Director, Division of Federal Reserve Bank CLYDE H. FARNSWORTH, JR. Operations and Payment Systems Deputy Director, Finance and Control DAVID L. ROBINSON Inspector General BRENT L. BOWEN Officers of the Federal Reserve Banks Chairmen and Federal Reserve Agents: Atlanta HUGH M. BROWN Boston WILLIAM C. BRAINARD Chicago LESTER H. MCKEEVER, JR. Cleveland G. WATTS HUMPHREY, JR. Dallas ROGER R. HEMMINGHAUS FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 553

Kansas City A. DRUE JENNINGS Minneapolis JEAN D. KINSEY New York JOHN C. WHITEHEAD Philadelphia DONALD J. KENNEDY Richmond CLAUDINE B. MALONE St. Louis JOHN F. MCDONNELL San Francisco JUDITH M. RUNSTAD Presidents: Atlanta JACK GUYNN Boston CATHY E. MINEHAN Chicago MICHAEL H. MOSKOW Cleveland JERRY L. JORDAN Dallas ROBERT D. MCTEER, JR. Kansas City THOMAS M. HOENIG Minneapolis GARY H. STERN New York WILLIAM J. MCDONOUGH Philadelphia EDWARD G. BOEHNE Richmond J. ALFRED BROADDUS, JR. St. Louis THOMAS C. MELZER San Francisco ROBERT T. PARRY Federal Open Market Committee Chairman ALAN GREENSPAN Vice Chairman WILLIAM J. MCDONOUGH Members J. ALFRED BROADDUS, JR., JACK GUYNN, EDWARD W. KELLEY, JR.,L AURENCE H. MEYER, MICHAEL H. MOSKOW, ROBERT T. PARRY,S USAN M. PHILLIPS, ALICE M. RIVLIN, (2 VACANCIES) Official Staff: Secretary and Economist DONALD L. KOHN Deputy Secretary NORMAND R.V. BERNARD Assistant Secretaries JOSEPH R. COYNE, GARY P. GILLUM General Counsel J. VIRGIL MATTINGLY, JR. Deputy General Counsel THOMAS C. BAXTER, JR. Economists MICHAEL J. PRELL, EDWIN M. TRUMAN Manager, System Open Market Account PETER R. FISHER Co-Secretaries, Federal Advisory Council JAMES ANNABLE, WILLIAM J. KORSVIK Chairman, Consumer Advisory Council JULIA W. SEWARD President, Thrift Institutions Advisory Council DAVID F. HOLLAND

The Federal Reserve System, the central bank of the United States, is charged with administering and making policy for the Nation’s credit and monetary affairs. Through its supervisory and regulatory banking functions, the Federal Reserve helps to maintain the banking industry in sound condition, capable of responding to the Nation’s domestic and international financial needs and objectives.

The Federal Reserve System was responsibility is in the execution of established by the Federal Reserve Act monetary policy. It also performs other (12 U.S.C. 221), approved December 23, functions, such as the transfer of funds, 1913. The System serves as the Nation’s handling Government deposits and debt central bank. As such, its major 554 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL issues, supervising and regulating banks, implementation of certain consumer and acting as lender of last resort. credit protection laws. It is the responsibility of the Federal Power To Influence Credit Conditions Reserve System to contribute to the Pursuant to the Depository Institutions strength and vitality of the U.S. Deregulation and Monetary Control Act economy. By influencing the lending of 1980, referred to as the Monetary and investing activities of depository Control Act of 1980 (12 U.S.C. 226 institutions and the cost and availability note), the Board is given the power, of money and credit, the Federal Reserve within statutory limitations, to fix the System helps promote the full use of requirements concerning reserves to be human and capital resources, the growth maintained by depository institutions on of productivity, relatively stable prices, transaction accounts or nonpersonal time and equilibrium in the Nation’s deposits. Another important instrument international balance of payments. of credit control is found in open market Through its supervisory and regulatory operations. The members of the Board of banking functions, the Federal Reserve Governors also are members of the System helps maintain a commercial Federal Open Market Committee, whose banking system that is responsive to the work and organization are described in Nation’s financial needs and objectives. the following text. The Board of The System consists of seven parts: the Governors reviews and determines the Board of Governors in Washington, DC; discount rate charged by the Federal the 12 Federal Reserve Banks and their Reserve Banks. For the purpose of 25 branches and other facilities situated preventing excessive use of credit for the throughout the country; the Federal purchase or carrying of securities, the Open Market Committee; the Federal Board is authorized to regulate the Advisory Council; the Consumer amount of credit that may be initially Advisory Council; the Thrift Institutions extended and subsequently maintained Advisory Council; and the Nation’s on any security (with certain exceptions). financial institutions, including Supervision of Federal Reserve Banks commercial banks, savings and loan The Board is authorized to make associations, mutual savings banks, and examinations of the Federal Reserve credit unions. Banks, to require statements and reports from such Banks, to supervise the issue Board of Governors and retirement of Federal Reserve notes, Broad supervisory powers are vested in to require the establishment or the Board of Governors, which has its discontinuance of branches of Reserve offices in Washington, DC. The Board is Banks, and to exercise supervision over composed of seven members appointed all relationships and transactions of those by the President with the advice and Banks with foreign branches. The Board consent of the Senate. The Chairman of of Governors reviews and follows the the Board of Governors is, by Executive examination and supervisory activities of Order 11269 of February 14, 1966, a the Federal Reserve Banks aimed at member of the National Advisory further coordination of policies and Council on International Monetary and practices. Financial Policies. Supervision of Bank Holding Companies The Board determines general The Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 monetary, credit, and operating policies (12 U.S.C. 1841 et seq.) gave the Federal for the System as a whole and formulates Reserve primary responsibility for the rules and regulations necessary to supervising and regulating the activities carry out the purposes of the Federal of bank holding companies. This act was Reserve Act. The Board’s principal duties designed to achieve two basic consist of monitoring credit conditions; objectives: to control the expansion of supervising the Federal Reserve Banks, bank holding companies by avoiding the member banks, and bank holding creation of monopoly or restraining trade companies; and regulating the in banking; and to limit the expansion of FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 555 bank holding companies to those the use of the credit facilities of the nonbanking activities that are closely Federal Reserve System for making related to banking, thus maintaining a undue use of bank credit for speculative separation between banking and purposes or for any other purpose commerce. A company that seeks to inconsistent with the maintenance of become a bank holding company must sound credit conditions. obtain the prior approval of the Federal The Board may grant authority to Reserve. Any company that qualifies as a member banks to establish branches in bank holding company must register foreign countries or dependencies or with the Federal Reserve System and file insular possessions of the United States, reports with the System. to invest in the stocks of banks or Supervision of Banking Organizations corporations engaged in international or The Federal Reserve is responsible for foreign banking, or to invest in foreign the supervision and regulation of banks. It also charters, regulates, and domestic and international activities of supervises certain corporations that U.S. banking organizations. It supervises engage in foreign or international State-chartered banks that are members banking and financial activities. of the System, all bank holding The Board is authorized to issue companies, and Edge Act and agreement general regulations permitting corporations (corporations chartered to interlocking relationships in certain engage in international banking). In circumstances between member banks 1991, Congress expanded the Federal and organizations dealing in securities or Reserve’s supervisory authority over the between member banks and other banks. U.S. activities of all foreign banking Other Activities Under the Change in organizations. Bank Control Act of 1978 (12 U.S.C. The Board has jurisdiction over the 1817(j)), the Board is required to review admission of State banks and trust other bank stock acquisitions. companies to membership in the Federal Under the Truth in Lending Act (15 Reserve System, the termination of U.S.C. 1601), the Board is required to membership of such banks, the prescribe regulations to ensure a establishment of branches by such meaningful disclosure by lenders of banks, and the approval of bank mergers credit terms so that consumers will be and consolidations where the resulting able to compare more readily the institution will be a State member bank. various credit terms available and will It receives copies of condition reports be informed about rules governing credit submitted by them to the Federal cards, including their potential liability Reserve Banks. It has power to examine for unauthorized use. all member banks and the affiliates of Under the International Banking Act of member banks and to require condition 1978 (12 U.S.C. 3101), the Board has reports from them. It has authority to authority to impose reserve requirements require periodic and other public and interest rate ceilings on branches disclosure of information with respect to and agencies of foreign banks in the an equity security of a State member United States, to grant loans to them, to bank that is held by 500 or more provide them access to Federal Reserve persons. It establishes minimum services, and to limit their interstate standards with respect to installation, banking activities. maintenance, and operation of security The Board also is the rulemaking devices and procedures by State member authority for the Equal Credit banks. Also, it has authority to issue Opportunity Act, the Home Mortgage cease-and-desist orders in connection Disclosure Act, the Fair Credit Billing with violations of law or unsafe or Act, the Expedited Funds Availability unsound banking practices by State Act, and certain provisions of the Federal member banks and to remove directors Trade Commission Act as they apply to or officers of such banks in certain banks. circumstances, and it may, in its Expenses To meet its expenses and pay discretion, suspend member banks from the salaries of its members and its 556 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL employees, the Board makes semiannual Federal Reserve Banks assessments upon the Reserve Banks in The 12 Federal Reserve Banks are proportion to their capital stock and located in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, surplus. Cleveland, Dallas, Kansas City, Minneapolis, New York, Philadelphia, Federal Open Market Committee Richmond, San Francisco, and St. Louis. The Federal Open Market Committee is Branch banks are located in Baltimore, comprised of the Board of Governors Birmingham, Buffalo, Charlotte, Cincinnati, Denver, Detroit, El Paso, and five of the presidents of the Reserve Helena, Houston, Jacksonville, Little Banks. The Chairman of the Board of Rock, Los Angeles, Louisville, Memphis, Governors is traditionally the Chairman Miami, Nashville, New Orleans, of the Committee. The president of the Oklahoma City, Omaha, Pittsburgh, Federal Reserve Bank of New York Portland, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, serves as a permanent member of the and Seattle. Committee. Four of the twelve Reserve Directors and Officers of Reserve Banks Bank presidents rotate annually as The Board of Directors of each Reserve members of the Committee. Bank is composed of nine members, Open market operations of the equally divided into three designated Reserve Banks are conducted under classes: class A, class B, and class C. regulations adopted by the Committee Directors of class A are representative of and pursuant to specific policy directives the stockholding member banks. issued by the Committee, which meets Directors of class B must be actively in Washington at frequent intervals. engaged in their districts in commerce, Purchases and sales of securities in the agriculture, or some other industrial pursuit, and may not be officers, open market are undertaken to supply directors, or employees of any bank. bank reserves to support the credit and Class C directors may not be officers, money needed for long-term economic directors, employees, or stockholders of growth, to offset cyclical economic any bank. The six class A and class B swings, and to accommodate seasonal directors are elected by the stockholding demands of businesses and consumers member banks, while the three class C for money and credit. These operations directors are appointed by the Board of are carried out principally in U.S. Governors. The terms of office of the Government obligations, but they also directors are so arranged that the term of include purchases and sales of Federal one director of each class expires each agency obligations. All operations are year. conducted in New York, where the One of the class C directors appointed primary markets for these securities are by the Board of Governors is designated located; the Federal Reserve Bank of as Chairman of the Board of Directors of New York executes transactions for the the Reserve Bank and as Federal Reserve Federal Reserve System Open Market agent, and in the latter capacity he is Account in carrying out these operations. required to maintain a local office of the Board of Governors on the premises of Under the Committee’s direction, the the Reserve Bank. Another class C Federal Reserve Bank of New York also director is appointed by the Board of undertakes transactions in foreign Governors as deputy chairman. Each currencies for the Federal Reserve Reserve Bank has as its chief executive System Open Market Account. The officer a president appointed for a term purposes of these operations include of 5 years by its Board of Directors with helping to safeguard the value of the the approval of the Board of Governors. dollar in international exchange markets Reserves on Deposit In accordance and facilitating growth in international with provisions of the Monetary Control liquidity in accordance with the needs of Act of 1980 (12 U.S.C. 226 note), the an expanding world economy. Reserve Banks receive and hold on FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 557 deposit the reserve or clearing account security including gold certificates, paper deposits of depository institutions. These discounted or purchased by the Bank, banks are permitted to count their vault and direct obligations of the United cash as part of their required reserve. States. Extensions of Credit The Monetary Other Powers The Reserve Banks are Control Act of 1980 (12 U.S.C. 226 empowered to act as clearinghouses and note) directs the Federal Reserve to open as collecting agents for depository its discount window to any depository institutions in the collection of checks institution that is subject to Federal and other instruments. They are also Reserve reserve requirements on authorized to act as depositories and transaction accounts or nonpersonal time fiscal agents of the United States and to deposits. exercise other banking functions Discount window credit provides for specified in the Federal Reserve Act. Federal Reserve lending to eligible They perform a number of important depository institutions under two basic functions in connection with the issue programs. One is the adjustment credit and redemption of United States program; the other supplies more Government securities. extended credit for certain limited purposes. Federal Advisory Council Short-term adjustment credit is the primary type of Federal Reserve credit. It The Federal Advisory Council acts in an is available to help borrowers meet advisory capacity, conferring with the temporary requirements for funds. Board of Governors on general business Borrowers are not permitted to use conditions. adjustment credit to take advantage of The Council is composed of 12 any spread between the discount rate members, one from each Federal and market rates. Reserve district, being selected annually Extended credit is provided through by the Board of Directors of the Reserve three programs designed to assist Bank of the district. The Council is depository institutions in meeting longer required to meet in Washington, DC, at term needs for funds. One provides least four times each year, and more seasonal credit—for periods running up often if called by the Board of to 9 months—to smaller depository Governors. institutions that lack access to market funds. A second program assists Consumer Advisory Council institutions that experience special The Consumer Advisory Council confers difficulties arising from exceptional with the Board of Governors several circumstances or practices involving times each year on the Board’s only that institution. Finally, in cases responsibilities in the field of consumer where more general liquidity strains are credit protection. The Council was affecting a broad range of depository established by Congress in 1976 at the institutions—such as those whose portfolios consist primarily of longer suggestion of the Board and replaced the term assets—credit may be provided to Advisory Committee on Truth in Lending address the problems of particular that was established by the 1968 Truth institutions being affected by the general in Lending Act. situation. The Council is composed of 30 Currency Issue The Reserve Banks members from all parts of the country. It issue Federal Reserve notes, which advises the Board on its responsibilities constitute the bulk of money in under such laws as Truth in Lending, circulation. These notes are obligations Equal Credit Opportunity, and Home of the United States and are a prior lien Mortgage Disclosure. upon the assets of the issuing Federal Reserve Bank. They are issued against a Thrift Institutions Advisory Council pledge by the Reserve Bank with the The Thrift Institutions Advisory Council Federal Reserve agent of collateral is an advisory group established by the 558 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Board in 1980 made up of Publications Among the publications representatives from nonbank depository issued by the Board are The Federal thrift institutions, which includes savings Reserve System—Purposes and and loans, mutual savings bankers, and Functions, and a series of pamphlets credit unions. The Council meets at least including Guide to Business Credit and four times each year with the Board of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act; Governors to discuss developments Consumer Handbook; Making Deposits: relating to thrift institutions, the housing When Will Your Money Be Available; industry and mortgage finance, and and When Your Home Is On the Line: What You Should Know About Home certain regulatory issues. Equity Lines of Credit. Copies of these Sources of Information pamphlets are available free of charge. Information regarding publications may Employment Written inquiries be obtained in Room MP–510 (Martin regarding employment should be Building) of the Board’s headquarters. addressed to the Director, Division of Phone, 202–452–3244. Personnel, Board of Governors of the Reading Room A reading room where Federal Reserve System, Washington, DC persons may inspect records that are 20551. available to the public is located in Procurement Firms seeking business Room B–1122 at the Board’s with the Board should address their headquarters, Twentieth Street and inquiries to the Director, Division of Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, Support Services, Board of Governors of DC. Information regarding the the Federal Reserve System, Washington, availability of records may be obtained DC 20551. by calling 202–452–3684.

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Board of Governors, Federal Reserve System, Washington, DC 20551. Phone, 202–452–3204 or 202–452–3215.

FEDERAL RETIREMENT THRIFT INVESTMENT BOARD 1250 H Street NW., Washington, DC 20005 Phone, 202–942–1600

Chairman JAMES H. ATKINS Members THOMAS A. FINK, SCOTT B. LUKINS,S HERYL R. MARSHALL, JEROME A. STRICKER Officials: Executive Director ROGER W. MEHLE General Counsel JOHN J. O’MEARA Deputy General Counsel JAMES B. PETRICK Associate General Counsel ELIZABETH S. WOODRUFF Director of Accounting DAVID L. BLACK Director of Administration STRAT D. VALAKIS Director of Automated Systems JOHN W. WITTERS Director of Benefits and Program Analysis ALISONE M. CLARKE Director of Communications VEDA R. CHARROW Director of External Affairs THOMAS J. TRABUCCO Director of Investments PETER B. MACKEY FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION 559

The Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board administers the Thrift Savings Plan, which provides Federal employees the opportunity to save for additional retirement security.

The Federal Retirement Thrift Investment established as one of the three parts of Board was established as an independent the Federal Employees’ Retirement agency by the Federal Employees’ System. For employees covered under Retirement System Act of 1986 (5 U.S.C. the System, savings accumulated through 8472). The act vests responsibility for the the Plan make an important addition to agency in six named fiduciaries: the five the retirement benefits provided by Board members and the Executive Social Security and the System’s Basic Director. The five members of the Board, Annuity. Civil Service Retirement System one of whom is designated as Chairman, employees may also take advantage of are appointed by the President with the the Plan to supplement their annuities. advice and consent of the Senate and The Board operates the Thrift Savings serve on the Board on a part-time basis. Plan and manages the investments of the The members appoint the Executive Thrift Savings Fund solely for the benefit Director, who is responsible for the of participants and their beneficiaries. As management of the agency and the Plan. part of these responsibilities, the Board maintains an account for each Plan Activities participant, makes loans, purchases The Thrift Savings Plan is a tax-deferred, annuity contracts, and provides for the defined contribution plan that was payment of benefits.

For further information, contact the Director of External Affairs, Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board, 1250 H Street NW., Washington, DC 20005. Phone, 202–942–1640.

FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION Pennsylvania Avenue at Sixth Street NW., Washington, DC 20580 Phone, 202–326–2222

Chairman ROBERT PITOFSKY Executive Assistant JAMES C. HAMILL Commissioners MARY L. AZCUENAGA, ROSCOE B. STAREK III, JANET D. STEIGER,C HRISTINE A. VARNEY Executive Director ROSEMARIE STRAIGHT, Acting Deputy Executive Director for Management ROSEMARIE STRAIGHT Chief Information Officer ALAN PROCTOR Director, Bureau of Competition WILLIAM J. BAER Senior Deputy Director GEORGE S. CARY Deputy Director MARK D. WHITENER Director, Bureau of Consumer Protection JODIE BERNSTEIN Deputy Directors LYDIA B. PARNES, TERESA M. SCHWARTZ Director, Bureau of Economics JONATHAN B. BAKER General Counsel STEPHEN CALKINS Deputy General Counsel JAY C. SHAFFER Director, Office of Congressional Relations LORRAINE C. MILLER Director, Office of Public Affairs VICTORIA A. STREITFELD 560 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Office of Policy Planning SUSAN S. DESANTI Secretary of the Commission DONALD S. CLARK Chief Administrative Law Judge LEWIS F. PARKER Inspector General FREDERICK J. ZIRKEL [For the Federal Trade Commission statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 16, Part 0]

The objective of the Federal Trade Commission is to maintain competitive enterprise as the keystone of the American economic system, and to prevent the free enterprise system from being fettered by monopoly or restraints on trade or corrupted by unfair or deceptive trade practices. The Commission is charged with keeping competition both free and fair.

The purpose of the Federal Trade Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Commission is expressed in the Federal Abuse Prevention Act, and the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41– Trade Commission Act Amendments of 58) and the Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 12), 1994. both passed in 1914 and both The Commission is composed of five successively amended in the years since. members. Each member is appointed by The Federal Trade Commission Act the President, with the advice and prohibits the use in or affecting consent of the Senate, for a term of 7 commerce of ‘‘unfair methods of years. Not more than three of the competition’’ and ‘‘unfair or deceptive Commissioners may be members of the acts or practices.’’ The Clayton Act same political party. One Commissioner outlaws specific practices recognized as is designated by the President as instruments of monopoly. As an Chairman of the Commission and is independent administrative agency, responsible for its administrative acting quasi-judicially and quasi- management. legislatively, the Commission was established to deal with trade practices Activities on a continuing and corrective basis. It The Commission’s principal functions has no authority to punish; its function is are to: to prevent, through cease-and-desist —promote competition in or affecting orders and other means, those practices commerce through the prevention of condemned by Federal trade regulation general trade restraints such as price- laws. However, court-ordered civil fixing agreements, boycotts, illegal penalties up to $10,000 may be combinations of competitors, and other obtained for each violation of a unfair methods of competition; Commission order or trade regulation —safeguard the public by preventing rule. the dissemination of false or deceptive Congress has delegated a variety of advertisements of consumer products duties to the Commission under such and services, as well as other unfair or statutes as the Wheeler-Lea Act, the deceptive practices; Clayton Act, the Consumer Credit —prevent pricing discrimination; Protection Act, the Robinson-Patman exclusive-dealing and tying Act, the Magnuson-Moss Warranty- arrangements; corporate mergers, Federal Trade Commission Improvement acquisitions, or joint ventures, when Act, the Federal Trade Commission such practices or arrangements may Improvements Act of 1980, the substantially lessen competition or tend Smokeless Tobacco Health Education to create a monopoly; interlocking Act of 1986, the Telephone Disclosure directorates or officers’ positions that and Dispute Resolution Act, the Federal may restrain competition; the payment Trade Commission Improvements Act of or receipt of illegal brokerage; and 1994, the International Antitrust discrimination among competing Enforcement Assistance Act of 1994, the customers in the furnishing of or the FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION 561 BUREAU OF ECONOMICS COMMISSIONER BUREAU OF COMPETITION OFFICE OF OFFICE OF SECRETARY LAW JUDGES OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE INSPECTOR GENERAL COMMISSIONER OFFICES REGIONAL DIRECTOR OFFICE OF EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION FEDERAL COMMISSIONER OFFICE OF OFFICE OF RELATIONS PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONGRESSIONAL PROTECTION BUREAU OF CONSUMER COMMISSIONER OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL 562 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL payment for services or facilities used to by the Commission. Cases may be promote the resale of a product; settled by consent orders. If the charges —stop various fraudulent in an administrative matter are not telemarketing schemes and protect contested, or if the charges are found to consumers from abusive and deceptive be true after an administrative hearing in telephone sales tactics; a contested case, an order may be issued —ensure truthful labeling of textile, requiring discontinuance of the unlawful wool, and fur products; practices. Such orders may include other —supervise the registration and related requirements. Federal district operation of associations of American court charges are resolved through either exporters engaged in export trade; settlements or court-ordered injunctive —require creditors to disclose in or other equitable relief. writing certain cost information, such as Public Input Cases before the the annual percentage rate, before Commission may originate through consumers enter into credit transactions, complaint by a consumer or a as required by the Truth in Lending Act; competitor; the Congress; or from —educate consumers and businesses Federal, State, or municipal agencies. about their rights and responsibilities Also, the Commission itself may initiate under FTC rules and regulations; an investigation into possible violation of —protect consumers against the laws it administers. No formality is circulation of inaccurate or obsolete required in submitting a complaint. A credit reports and ensure that credit letter giving the facts in detail, bureaus, consumer reporting agencies, accompanied by all supporting evidence credit grantors, and bill collectors in possession of the complaining party, exercise their responsibilities in a is sufficient. It is the general policy of manner that is fair and equitable and in the Commission not to disclose the conformity with the Fair Credit Reporting identity of any complainant, except as Act, the Fair Credit Billing Act, the Equal permitted by law or Commission rules. Credit Opportunity Act, and the Fair Upon receipt of a complaint, various Debt Collection Practices Act; and criteria are applied in determining —gather factual data concerning whether the particular matter should be economic and business conditions and investigated. Within the limits of make it available to the Congress, the available resources, investigations are President, and the public. initiated that are considered to best Enforcement The Commission’s law support the Commission’s goals of enforcement work falls into two general maintaining competition and protecting categories: actions to foster voluntary consumers. compliance with the law, and formal Under the Federal Trade Commission administrative or Federal court litigation Act, an order to cease and desist or to leading to mandatory orders against take other corrective action—such as offenders. affirmative disclosure, divestiture, or For the most part, compliance with the restitution—becomes final 60 days after law is obtained through voluntary and date of service upon the respondent, cooperative action by way of staff unless within that period the respondent advice, which is not binding on the petitions an appropriate United States Commission; advisory opinions by the court of appeals to review the order, and Commission; and through issuance of also petitions the Commission to stay the guides and policy statements delineating order pending review. If the Commission legal requirements as to particular does not stay the order, the respondent business practices. may seek a stay from the reviewing Formal litigation is instituted either by appeals court. The appeals court has the issuance of an administrative complaint power to affirm, modify, or set the order or by filing a Federal district court aside. If the appeals court upholds the complaint charging a person, Commission’s order, the respondent may partnership, or corporation with violating seek certiorari to the Supreme Court and one or more of the statutes administered ask that the appeals court or the FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION 563

Supreme Court continue to stay the Commission under applicable statutory order. Violations of a cease-and-desist provisions. order, after it becomes effective, subject Consumer Protection Consumer the offender to suit by the Government protection is one of the two main in a United States district court for the missions of the Commission. The recovery of a civil penalty of not more Commission works to increase the than $11,000 for each violation and, usefulness of advertising by ensuring it is where the violation continues, each day truthful and not misleading; reduce of its continuance is a separate violation. instances of fraudulent, deceptive, or In addition to, or in lieu of, the unfair marketing practices; prevent administrative proceeding initiated by a creditors from using unlawful practices formal complaint, the Commission may, when granting credit, maintaining credit in some cases, request that a United information, collecting debts, and States district court issue a preliminary or operating credit systems; and educate permanent injunction to halt the use of the public about Commission activities. allegedly unfair or deceptive practices, The Commission initiates investigations to prevent an anticompetitive merger in many areas of concern to consumers, from taking place, or to prevent including health and nutrition claims in violations of any statute enforced by the advertising; environmental advertising Commission. and labeling; general advertising issues; Compliance Activities Through health care, telemarketing, business systematic and continuous review, the opportunity, and franchise and Commission obtains and maintains investment fraud; mortgage lending and compliance with its cease-and-desist discrimination; enforcement of orders. All respondents against whom Commission orders; and enforcement of such orders have been issued are credit statutes and trade regulation rules. required to file reports with the The Commission has issued and Commission to substantiate their enforces many trade regulation rules compliance. In the event compliance is important to consumers. The not obtained, or if the order is Telemarketing Sales Rule requires telemarketers to make certain disclosures subsequently violated, civil penalty and prohibits certain misrepresentations. proceedings may be instituted. The Mail/Telephone Order Merchandise Cooperative Procedures In carrying out Rule requires companies to ship the statutory directive to ‘‘prevent’’ the merchandise that consumers order by use in or affecting commerce of unfair mail or telephone within a certain time, practices, the Commission makes and sets out requirements for notifying extensive use of voluntary and consumers about delays and offering cooperative procedures. Through these them the option of agreeing to the delays procedures business and industry may or canceling their orders. The Care obtain authoritative guidance and a Labeling Rule requires manufacturers substantial measure of certainty as to and importers of textile clothing and what they may do under the laws fabrics for home sewing to attach care administered by the Commission. instructions. The Funeral Rule requires The Commission issues industry that price and other specific information guides, administrative interpretations in regarding funeral arrangements be made laymen’s language of laws administered available to consumers to help them by the Commission for the guidance of make informed choices and pay only for the public in conducting its affairs in services they select. The Franchise Rule conformity with legal requirements. requires the seller to provide each Guides provide the basis for voluntary prospective franchisee with a basic and simultaneous abandonment of disclosure document containing detailed unlawful practices by members of a information about the nature of its particular industry or industry in general. business and terms of the proposed Failure to comply with the guides may franchise relationship. The Used Car result in corrective action by the Rule requires that dealers display a 564 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL buyers guide containing warranty be used to inform legislative proposals, information on the window of each as part of a rulemaking record, in vehicle offered for sale to consumers. response to requests of the Congress and Under the Cooling-Off Rule, consumers statutory directions, or for the can cancel purchases of $25 or more information and guidance of the made door-to-door, or at places other Commission and the executive branch of than the seller’s usual place of business, the Government as well as the public. within 3 business days of purchase. The reports have provided the basis for Maintaining Competition (Antitrust) significant legislation and, by The second major mission of the spotlighting poor economic or regulatory Commission is to encourage competitive performance, they have also led to forces in the American economy. Under voluntary changes in the conduct of the Federal Trade Commission Act, the business, with resulting benefits to the Commission seeks to prevent unfair public. practices that may keep one company Competition and Consumer Advocacy from competing with others. Under the To promote competition, consumer Federal Trade Commission Act and the protection, and the efficient allocation of Clayton Act, the Commission attempts to resources, the Commission has an prevent mergers of companies if the ongoing program designed to advocate result may be to lessen competition. the consumer interest in a competitive Under some circumstances, companies marketplace by encouraging courts, planning to merge must first give notice legislatures, and government to the Commission and the Department administrative bodies to consider of Justice’s Antitrust Division and efficiency and consumer welfare as provide certain information concerning important elements in their deliberations. the operations of the companies The Commission uses these involved. opportunities to support procompetitive The Commission also enforces the means of regulating the Nation’s provisions of the Robinson-Patman Act, economy, including the elimination of a part of the Clayton Act prohibiting anticompetitive restrictions that reduce companies from discriminating among the welfare of consumers and the other companies that are its customers in implementation of regulatory programs terms of price or other services provided. that protect the public and preserve as Economic Factfinding The Commission much as possible the discipline of makes economic studies of conditions competitive markets. The competition and problems affecting competition in and consumer advocacy program relies the economy. Reports of this nature may on persuasion rather than coercion. Regional OfficesÐFederal Trade Commission

Region Address Director

Atlanta, GAÐAL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC, TN, VA Suite 5M35, 60 Forsyth St. SW., 30303 Anthony E. DiResta Boston, MAÐCT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT Suite 810, 101 Merrimac St., 02114±4719 Phoebe D. Morse Chicago, ILÐIL, IN, IO, KY, MN, MO, WI Suite 1860, 55 E. Monroe St., 60603 C. Steven Baker Cleveland, OHÐDE, DC, MD, MI, OH, PA, WV Suite 200, 1111 Superior Ave., 44114 John M. Mendenhall, Acting Dallas, TXÐAR, LA, NM, OK, TX Suite 2150, 1999 Bryan St., 75201±6808 Thomas B. Carter Denver, COÐCO, KS, MT, ND, NE, SD, UT, WY Suite 1523, 1961 Stout St., 80294±0101 Janice L. Carter, Acting Los Angeles, CAÐAZ, southern CA Suite 13209, 11000 Wilshire Blvd., 90024 Ann I. Jones New YorkÐNJ, NY Suite 1300, 150 William St., 10038 Michael J. Bloom San Francisco, CAÐNorthern CA, HI, NV Suite 570, 901 Market St., 94103 Jeffrey A. Klurfeld Seattle, WAÐAK, ID, OR, WA 2806 Federal Bldg., 915 2d Ave., 98174 Charles A. Harwood

Sources of Information Services, Federal Trade Commission, Washington, DC 20580. Phone, 202– Contracts and Procurement Persons 326–2275. seeking to do business with the Federal Trade Commission should contact the Electronic Access The Commission Division of Procurement and General consumer and business education GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION 565 publications are available electronically General Inquiries Persons desiring through the Internet, at http:// information on consumer protection, www.ftc.gov/. restraint of trade questions, or to register Employment Civil service registers are a complaint, should contact the Federal used in filling positions for economists, Trade Commission or the nearest accountants, investigators, and other regional office. professional, administrative, and clerical Publications A copy of Federal Trade personnel. The Federal Trade Commission—‘‘Best Sellers,’’ which lists Commission employs a sizable number publications of interest to the general of attorneys under the excepted public, is available free upon request appointment procedure. All employment inquiries should be directed to the from the Public Reference Section, Director of Personnel, Federal Trade Federal Trade Commission, Washington, Commission, Washington, DC 20580. DC 20580. Phone, 202–326–2222. TTY, Phone, 202–326–2022. 202–326–2502.

For further information, contact the Director, Office of Public Affairs, Federal Trade Commission, Pennsylvania Avenue at Sixth Street NW., Washington, DC 20580. Phone, 202–326–2180.

GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION General Services Building, Eighteenth and F Streets NW., Washington, DC 20405 Phone, 202–708–5082

Administrator of General Services DAVID J. BARRAM, Acting Deputy Administrator THURMAN M. DAVIS, Acting Chief of Staff MARTHA N. JOHNSON Associate Administrator for Equal Employment JAMES M. TAYLOR, Acting Opportunity Associate Administrator for Enterprise DIETRA L. FORD Development Associate Administrator for Public Affairs BETH NEWBURGER Associate Administrator for Congressional and WILLIAM R. RATCHFORD Intergovernmental Affairs Associate Administrator for Management MARTHA N. JOHNSON Services and Human Resources Deputy Associate Administrator JACK J. LANDERS Director of Human Resources GAIL T. LOVELACE Director of Management Controls and JOHN H. DAVENJAY Evaluation Director of Management Services ELAINE P. DADE, Acting Controller ELISABETH GUSTAFSON Director of the Executive Secretariat ERIC DODDS Chief Information Officer JOE M. THOMPSON Deputy Chief Information Officer DONALD L. VENNEBERG Director of Business Development JOHN C. THOMAS Assistant Chief Information Officer for DONALD P. HEFFERNAN Information Infrastructure and Support Assistant Chief Information Officer for SHEREEN G. REMEZ Planning and Information Architecture Inspector General WILLIAM R. BARTON Deputy Inspector General JOEL S. GALLAY Executive Assistant to the Inspector General GARRETT J. DAY 566 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Assistant Inspector General for JAMES E. LE GETTE Administration Assistant Inspector General for Auditing WILLIAM E. WHYTE, JR. Assistant Inspector General for Investigations JAMES E. HENDERSON Counsel to the Inspector General KATHLEEN S. TIGHE Director, Internal Evaluation Staff ANDREW A. RUSSONIELLO Chairman, GSA Board of Contract Appeals STEPHEN M. DANIELS Vice Chairman ROBERT W. PARKER Board Counsel ANNE M. QUIGLEY Clerk of the Board BEATRICE JONES Chief Financial Officer DENNIS J. FISCHER Director of Budget WILLIAM B. EARLY, JR. Director of Finance ROBERT E. SUDA Director of Financial Management CAROLE A. HUTCHINSON Director of Financial Management Systems WILLIAM J. TOPOLEWSKI General Counsel EMILY CLARK HEWITT Associate General Counsel for General Law LAURENCE HARRINGTON Associate General Counsel for Personal GEORGE BARCLAY, Acting Property Associate General Counsel for Real Property HARMON EGGERS, Acting FEDERAL SUPPLY SERVICE 1941 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA; Mailing address: Washington, DC 20406 Phone, 703–305–6667. Fax, 703–305–6577

Commissioner, Federal Supply Service FRANK P. PUGLIESE, JR. Deputy Commissioner DONNA D. BENNETT Chief of Staff BARBARA VOGT Comptroller JON JORDAN Director of Transportation Audits JEFFREY W. THURSTON Assistant Commissioner for Acquisition WILLIAM N. GORMLEY Assistant Commissioner for Business GARY FEIT Management and Marketing Assistant Commissioner for Contract PATRICIA MEAD Management Assistant Commissioner for Distribution JOHN ROEHMER Management Assistant Commissioner for FSS Information RAYMOND J. HANLEIN Systems Assistant Commissioner for Transportation and DEIDKE HUBER, Acting Property Management

FEDERAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE Suite 210 North, 7799 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22043 Phone, 703–285–1020

Commissioner for Federal Telecommunications ROBERT J. WOODS Service Deputy Commissioner JOHN OKAY Comptroller LINDA F. VANDENBERG Assistant Commissioner for Acquisition C. ALLEN OLSON Assistant Commissioner for Information THOMAS R. BURKE Security Assistant Commissioner for Information CHARLES SELF, Acting Technology Integration Assistant Commissioner for Regional Services MARGARET BINNS GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION 567

Assistant Commissioner for Service Delivery SANDRA BATES Assistant Commissioner for Service BRUCE BRIGNULL Development Assistant Commissioner for Strategic ABBY PIRNIE Planning and Business Development

PUBLIC BUILDINGS SERVICE General Services Building, Eighteenth and F Streets NW., Washington, DC 20405 Phone, 202–501–1100

Commissioner, Public Buildings Service ROBERT A. PECK Deputy Commissioner PAUL E. CHISTOLINI Chief of Staff ANTHONY E. COSTA Controller FREDERICK T. ALT Acquisition Executive GERALD ZAFFOS, Acting Chief Information Officer FREDERICK T. ALT Director of Workplace Initiatives WARREN MASTER, Acting Assistant Commissioner for Business ANTHONY ARTIGLIERE Development Assistant Commissioner for the Federal CLARENCE EDWARDS Protective Service Assistant Commissioner for Portfolio JUNE V. HUBER Management Assistant Commissioner for Property ALAN E. WALDRON, Acting Acquisition and Realty Services Assistant Commissioner for Property Disposal BRIAN K. POLLY Assistant Commissioner for Property JOHN A. PETKEWICH Development Assistant Commissioner for Property JAMES N. BARNARD, Acting Management

OFFICE OF GOVERNMENTWIDE POLICY General Services Building, Eighteenth and F Streets NW., Washington, DC 20405 Phone, 202–501–8880

Associate Administrator for Governmentwide G. MARTIN WAGNER Policy Chief of Staff JOHN SINDELAR Executive Officer LELIA STEWART, Acting Director, Committee Management Secretariat JAMES DEAN Staff Director, Information Systems Management MIKE MCNEILL Staff Director, Regulatory Information Service MARK SCHOENBERG Center Deputy Associate Administrator for Acquisition IDA M. USTAD Policy Deputy Associate Administrator for Information LARRY WOLFE, Acting Technology Deputy Associate Administrator for FRANCIS A. MCDONOUGH Intergovernmental Solutions Deputy Associate Administrator for Real DAVID L. BIBB Property 568 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Deputy Associate Administrator for REBECCA R. RHODES Transportation and Personal Property [For the General Services Administration statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 41, Part 105–53]

The General Services Administration establishes policy for and provides economical and efficient management of Government property and records, including construction and operation of buildings; procurement and distribution of supplies; utilization and disposal of real and personal property; transportation, traffic, and communications management; and management of the governmentwide automatic data processing resources program. Its functions are carried out at three levels of organization: the central office, regional offices, and field activities.

The General Services Administration Enterprise Development The mission of (GSA) was established by section 101 of the Office of Enterprise Development is the Federal Property and Administrative to promote and facilitate programs and Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 751). activities that support an environment Acquisition Policy The Office of that provides ‘‘Access to Opportunity’’ to Acquisition Policy plans, directs, and small, minority, and women business coordinates a comprehensive, owners to participate in GSA contracting agencywide acquisition policy program, nationwide. To accomplish this, the including the establishment of major Office plans, implements, and evaluates agency acquisition goals and objectives. comprehensive agencywide procurement The Office of Acquisition Policy has a preference programs, including: the major role in developing, maintaining, Small Business Program, the Women in issuing, and administering guiding Business Program, the Minority Business principles via the Federal Acquisition Enterprise Program, the Subcontracting Regulation (FAR), which is applicable to Program, and the Mandatory Source all Federal agencies. It chairs the Civilian Program, among others. Agency Acquisition Council and provides administrative support through The Office coordinates and develops the FAR Secretariat. The Office develops policies that regulate the operation and GSA implementing and supplementing implementation of the Small Business principles required by FAR, which is Programs under sections 8 and 15 of the published as the General Services Small Business Act. The Office, through Administration Acquisition Regulation. the Small Business Center Program, The Office manages the agency’s provides assistance, information, and internal system for the suspension and counseling to small businesses interested debarment of nonresponsive contractors in pursuing Federal Government and a governmentwide system for exchanging information on debarred, contracts, and conducts outreach, suspended, and ineligible parties. The seminars, liaison, and source listing for Office also is responsible for overseeing small and minority businesses. the agency’s acquisition information The Small Business Centers assist system and serves as agency coordinator agency procurement officials in the for the Federal Procurement Data establishment of subcontracting plans System. and act as liaisons between GSA and the The Office’s Federal Acquisition Small Business Administration. The Small Institute fosters and promotes governmentwide career management Business Centers conduct on-site reviews and training programs to develop a of vendor subcontracting plans to ensure professional workforce and coordinates compliance with the terms of the governmentwide studies to improve the approved plan. procurement process. For further information, call 202–501–1021. For further information, call 202–501–1043. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION 569

GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION

ADMINISTRATOR

OFFICE OF GSA BOARD OF EQUAL EMPLOYMENT DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR CONTRACT APPEALS OPPORTUNITY

CHIEF OF STAFF

OFFICE OF OFFICE OF GENERAL INSPECTOR GENERAL COUNSEL

FEDERAL PUBLIC OFFICE OF FEDERAL SUPPLY TELE- BUILDINGS GOVERNMENT- SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS SERVICE SERVICE WIDE POLICY

OFFICE OF OFFICE OF THE OFFICE OF THE CONGRESSIONAL CHIEF OFFICE OF CHIEF FINANCIAL AND INTER- INFORMATION PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICER GOVERNMENTAL OFFICER AFFAIRS

OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF SERVICES AND ENTERPRISE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT RESOURCES

NEW ENGLAND NORTHEAST AND MID-ATLANTIC SOUTHEAST GREAT LAKES THE HEARTLAND REGION CARIBBEAN REGION SUNBELT REGION REGION BOSTON, REGION PHILADELPHIA, REGION CHICAGO, KANSAS CITY, MA NEW YORK, NY PA ATLANTA, GA IL MO

GREATER ROCKY PACIFIC RIM NORTHWEST/ NATIONAL CAPITAL SOUTHWEST MOUNTAIN REGION ARCTIC REGION REGION REGION SAN FRANCISCO, REGION WASHINGTON, FORT WORTH, TX DENVER, CO CA AUBURN, WA DC 570 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Small Business Centers

Region Address Telephone

National CapitalÐWashington, DC Rm. 1050, 7th & D Sts. SW., 20407 202±708±5804 New EnglandÐBoston, MA Rm. 290, 10 Causeway St., 02222 617±565±8100 Northeast and CaribbeanÐNew York, NY Rm. 18±130, 26 Federal Plz., 10278 212±264±1234 Mid-AtlanticÐPhiladelphia, PA Rm. 808, 100 Penn Sq. E., 19107±3396 215±656±5523 Southeast SunbeltÐAtlanta, GA Rm. 2832, 401 W. Peachtree St. NW., 30303 404±331±5103 Great LakesÐChicago, IL Rm. 3714, 230 S. Dearborn St., 60604 312±353±5383 HeartlandÐKansas City, MO Rm. 1160, 1500 E. Bannister Rd., 64131 816±926±7203 SouthwestÐFort Worth, TX Rm. 11A09, 819 Taylor St., 76102 817±978±3284 Rocky MountainÐDenver, CO Rm. 145, Denver Federal Ctr., 80225±0006 303±326±7408 Pacific RimÐSan Francisco, CA Rm. 405, 450 Golden Gate Ave., 94102 415±522±2700 Satellite officeÐLos Angeles, CA Rm. 3259, 300 N. Los Angeles St., 90012 213±894±3210 Northwest/ArcticÐAuburn, WA 400 15th St. SW., 98001 206±931±7956

Contract Appeals The General Services Federal Telecommunications Service Administration Board of Contract Appeals is responsible for resolving The Federal Telecommunications Service disputes arising out of contracts with the (FTS) delivers reimbursable local and General Services Administration, the long-distance telecommunications, Department of the Treasury, the information technology, and information Department of Education, the security services to Federal agencies. Its Department of Commerce, and other mission is to provide integrated independent Government agencies. The information systems and network solutions that deliver best value and Board is also empowered to hear and innovation to customers worldwide decide requests for review of through its two business lines, Network transportation audit rate determinations; Services and Information Technology claims by Federal civilian employees Solutions. regarding travel and relocation expenses; and claims for the proceeds of the sale Federal agencies are no longer of property of certain Federal civilian required to use FTS regional employees. In addition, the Board telecommunications services; they may provides alternative dispute resolution choose any provider in the marketplace. services to executive agencies in both Therefore, it is increasingly essential that FTS remain a competitive service contract disputes which are the subject provider and a model of customer of a contracting officer’s decision and service. FTS provides two major other contract-related disputes. Although reimbursable activities, namely switched the Board is located within the agency, services and purchase of it functions as an independent tribunal. telecommunications services (POTS). For further information, contact the Board of FTS2000 The system provides clear and Contract Appeals (G), General Services cost-effective long-distance telephone Administration, Washington, DC 20405. Phone, service to 1.7 million users in the 202–501–0585. Federal Government. It carries 450 Equal Employment Opportunity The million minutes of voice traffic per Office of Equal Employment Opportunity month—5.4 billion minutes in FY 1996. is responsible for the agency’s equal Through innovative working partnerships employment opportunity program and with the private sector, FTS2000 uses nondiscrimination in Federal financial digital telecommunications and fiber optics to provide state-of-the-art services assistance compliance and federally to customers, including switched voice, conducted programs. packet switched, switched data, For further information, call 202–501–0767. dedicated transmission, video GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION 571 transmission, and switched digital equipment, and noncomplex integration integrated services. services. In its first year, FAST provided Post-FTS2000 Since the current $379 million of technological FTS2000 contracts expire in December contracting support for Federal agencies. 1998, FTS has begun to plan the Information Security The Office of telecommunications program for the Information Security (OIS) provides future. In conjunction with the worldwide technical system security Interagency Management Council for services to all Federal agencies Federal Telecommunications, GSA conducting national security and issued the Post-FTS2000 Program sensitive operations. Services are also Strategy in December 1994, outlining a provided to allied nations through the flexible, evolving approach to provide Department of Defense. for comprehensive contracts offering all Federal Information Center Program A telecommunications services. clearinghouse for information about the Information Technology Integration Federal Government, the program can GSA’s Information Technology eliminate the maze of referrals that Integration (ITI) programs are people have experienced in contacting nonmandatory and fully self-supporting. the Federal Government. Persons with —The Federal Information Systems questions about a Government program, Support Program (FISSP) provides service, or agency, and who are unsure agencies with systems definition and of which agency to contact, should design, business and scientific software contact the Center. A specialist will services, computer security studies and either answer the question or locate an risk analyses, facilities management, and expert who can. other related services through contracts The Center’s telephones are answered with private sector vendors. Its business by information specialists between 9 volume grew 13%, from $276 million in a.m. and 8 p.m., eastern time, Monday FY 1995 to $312 million in FY 1996. through Friday, except Federal holidays. —The Federal Systems Integration and The Center’s information recordings that Management Center (FEDSIM) helps discuss frequently asked questions are agencies acquire and use information available 24 hours a day. systems and technology, including For further information, contact the Federal hardware, software, maintenance, Information Center toll-free. Phone, 800–688–9889. training, and analyst support. FEDSIM TDD, 800–326–2996. provides data processing outsourcing services to Federal agencies, offering a Federal Information Relay Service (FIRS) quick, low-cost alternative for obtaining The Service acts as an intermediary for commercial data processing services. telecommunications between hearing —The Federal Computer Acquisition individuals and individuals who are Center (FEDCAC) delivers full-service deaf, hard of hearing, and/or have management of computer acquisitions speech disabilities. FIRS is accessible worth more than $100 million. Its nationwide to all 50 States as well as the projects include the FBI Fingerprint District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Identification System, the State Virgin Islands, and Guam. Department mainframe upgrades, the FIRS enables Federal employees to Agriculture Department Forest Service conduct official duties and the general Automation System, and the National public to conduct business with the Institutes of Health computer facilities Federal Government and its agencies. acquisition. FY 1996 business volume for FIRS broadens employment and FEDCAC and FEDSIM totaled $240 advances opportunities for individuals million, 81% higher than FY 1995 who are deaf, hard of hearing, and/or business volume. with speech disabilities by ensuring them —The Federal Acquisition Support for accessibility to the Federal Technology (FAST) procures telecommunications system. There are commercially available off-the-self no restrictions on the length or numbers information technology software, of calls placed. 572 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

For a free copy of the U.S. The Service provides over $14 billion Government TDD/TTY Directory, contact annually in commercial goods and the Consumer Information Center, services to customers worldwide. The Department TDD/TTY, Pueblo, CO supply and procurement business line 81009. The directory is also available focuses on obtaining quality goods and electronically through the Internet, at services at the best value using the http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/. aggregate purchasing power of the Government to pass savings to For a free copy of the Federal customers. It actively seeks participation Information Relay Service Brochure, from small businesses and serves as the contact the GSA Federal distributor for mandatory sources under Telecommunications Service. Phone, the Javits-Wagner-O’Day Act and 703–904–2848. TDD, 202–501–2860 or Federal Prison Industries. It is also ready 703–904–2440. To reach the Federal to respond to national or military Information Relay Service, call 800–877– emergencies. 8339. For FIRS online directory access, FSS operates a network of distribution call 800–877–8845 (TDD). facilities which make available over For further information, contact the General 18,000 high-demand items for freight Services Administration Federal shipments to large customers or express Telecommunications Service. Phone, 703–904– shipments to customer desktops. 2848. TDD, 202–501–2860. Customer orders are filled through the Domestic Assistance Catalog The business line distribution system or direct Federal Domestic Assistance Catalog delivery from contractors. Program collects and disseminates The business line contracts for over 4 information on all federally operated million items and services used by both domestic assistance programs such as military and civilian agencies, including grants, loans, and insurance. This computers and software, automobiles, information is published annually in the airline travel, office equipment and Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance, supplies, scientific and law enforcement and is available through the Federal equipment, small package delivery, and Assistance Programs Retrieval System, a the governmentwide purchase card. The nationally accessible computer system. business line reduces the Federal Government’s financial, warehousing, For further information, contact the Federal transportation, and other administrative Domestic Assistance Catalog staff. Phone, 202–708– 5126. costs by eliminating the need for multiple agencies to make repetitive procurements for similar items. It Federal Supply Service procures a wide range of environmentally oriented products and The Federal Supply Service (FSS) ensures services aimed at minimizing waste, that the Federal Government’s conserving natural resources, and requirements for personal property and preventing pollution, including recycled- administrative services are effectively content products, alternative fuel met at the least overall cost to the vehicles, Energy Star computers and taxpayer. It operates a worldwide supply other office equipment, energy efficient system to contract for and distribute appliances, safer paints and cleaning personal property and services to Federal products, and recycling systems and agencies; provides governmentwide services. programs for transportation and travel To eliminate unnecessary expenditures management, transportation audits, and and maximize the utilization of federally Federal fleet management; and owned personal property, FSS directs administers a governmentwide property and coordinates, on a worldwide basis, a management program for the utilization Government property management of excess personal property and the program. Under the business line, excess donation and sale of surplus personal personal property valued at property. approximately $17.4 billion annually, at GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION 573 original acquisition cost, is available for other Federal agencies and the Federal transfer to other agencies and, when no courts. Services include design, longer needed by the Federal acquisition, construction, alteration, Government, is allocated to the States operation, protection, general for donation to eligible recipients or management, and disposal. It has disposed of through competitive public responsibility for 260 million square feet sales. of space, excluding external parking To provide Government agencies with areas, in about 7,300 federally owned or economical fleet management services, leased buildings, in addition to FSS operates an Interagency Fleet approximately $6.4 billion in Management System comprised of construction projects currently approximately 150,000 vehicles, ranging underway. In addition, Executive Order from compact sedans to buses and 12512 of April 12, 1985, gave PBS the ambulances. GSA acquires the vehicles, responsibility to provide leadership in ensures that fuel and maintenance/repair the development and maintenance of services are available, and disposes of needed property management the vehicles when due for replacement. information systems for the Government. In conjunction with the Department of Energy, FSS introduced alternative fuel For further information, call 202–501–1100. vehicles into the Federal fleet, and currently has approximately 10,000 in Office of the Commercial Broker use. The Commercial Broker acquires real The Service’s Fleet Management property through leases and purchases Program is also responsible for and directs the development of developing regulations and procedures procedures and specifications related to governing the management and oversight real property acquisitions, including of all Federal Government motor leasing, building purchases, site vehicles, except those exempted under acquisition, and easements; marketing the Federal Property and Administrative vacant space; outleasing vacant space; Services Act of 1949, as amended. As the Government’s civilian freight appraisals and initial assignments of manager, the FSS transportation business space; lease acquisition delegations; line provides rating and routing services space planning; requirements to customer agencies at 20–50 percent development; buildout of space; cost off commercial rates, as well as small estimates; installation of package overnight delivery service at a telecommunications/local area networks; savings of 70 percent below commercial furniture procurement, and disposal. rates. For further information, contact the Office of the In addition, FSS coordinates Commercial Broker. Phone, 202–501–1025. governmentwide policy development for the management of Government aircraft Office of Property Management through the Interagency Committee for Aviation Policy. Through its Federal The Office of Property Management Aviation Management Information develops and administers programs to: System, FSS stores aircraft and facility manage and operate Government-owned inventory, cost and utilization data, and and leased property; processes related to contract, rental, and charter data maintaining space assignments after pertinent to all civilian agency aircraft. initial occupancy; manage and administer leases and outleases; ensure For further information, contact the Federal Supply Service, Washington, DC 20406. Phone, 703–305– service delivery to tenants; distribute rent 5600. bills; administer day-to-day operation of occupancy agreements with client agencies; safeguard Federal employees Public Buildings Service from hazardous exposure to GSA The Public Buildings Service (PBS) operations or services and environmental provides space and related services for matters related to building operations 574 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and alterations; fire protection for all Office of the Federal Protective facilities and personnel; alter buildings, Service systems, and space after initial tenant occupancy; design and construction of The Office of the Federal Protective alterations, excluding major Service develops and administers modernizations; assist regions on guidelines and standards for uniformed procurement issues related to force operations, and investigates contracting; procure construction, criminal offenses not involving GSA building services, professional services, employees. The Office conducts and architect-engineer services; guide preliminary investigations of accidents, delegated agencies in operation and incidents, and criminal complaints management of Government-owned and/ occurring on GSA-controlled property. or -operated buildings; and guide The Federal Protective Service delegated agencies in lease coordinates with appropriate Federal management, administrative contracting Emergency Management Agency officer, and contracting officer’s representatives for security and law representative activities. enforcement requirements. It gathers For further information, contact the Office of protective intelligence information Property Management. Phone, 202–501–0971. pertaining to demonstrations, bomb threats, and other criminal activities. The Office of Property Development Office provides centralized communication, alarm monitoring, and The Office of Property Development coordination for State and Federal plans, directs, and coordinates the officials regarding Federal facilities. It nationwide operation of property develops a nationwide physical security development business line within PBS. protection program and coordinates a This Office represents property nationwide Occupant Emergency development in agency dealings of Program. national scope with other executive branch agencies, the legislative and For further information, contact the Office of the judicial branches, and other Government Federal Protective Service. Phone, 202–501–0907. and private-sector interests. It plans, guides, and accommodates temporary Office of Property Disposal and extraordinary real property planning and development efforts requiring The Office of Property Disposal develops enhanced national emphasis and and administers programs related to the direction, when required by the PBS utilization of excess and surplus real Commissioner. The Office defines, property; disposal of surplus real articulates, advocates, promotes, and property by sale, exchange, lease, interprets PBS vision and principles for assignment, transfer, permit; protection excellence in public architecture, and maintenance of excess and surplus engineering, and construction. It property pending disposition disposal of maintains arrangements for eliciting Defense Industrial Reserve Plants; and advisory input from nationally renowned disposal services to agencies which have design professionals on major product their own disposal authorities on a design commissions and design reimbursable basis, e.g., seized, forfeited, solutions; fosters design quality through or foreclosed. The Office directs the sponsorship of award, peer review, and development of a national plan to other similar programs; and directs, market properties and buildings. It also coordinates, and performs all personnel establishes national benchmarking management and administrative support standards and a customer liaison functions for the Office of Property program. Development. For further information, contact the Office of For further information, contact the Office of Property Disposal. Phone, 202–501–0210. E-mail, Property Development. Phone, 202–501–0887. [email protected]. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION 575

Office of Portfolio Management the National Account Executive and The Office of Portfolio Management Regional Account Manager programs conducts strategic and business, which facilitate the development of portfolio, and asset planning; makes strategic partnerships with client capital investment decisions and obtains agencies; performs research and analysis capital resources; manages the national of PBS long-term strategic and business portfolio of real estate and art assets; direction; directs the national real obtains the support of other service property strategic marketing plans and providers; evaluates portfolio and service programs; and develops and implements provider performance; and provides national customer outreach and public guidance and assistance to regional portfolio managers and other business affairs programs. lines. For further information, contact the Office of Business Development. Phone, 202–501–0018. For further information, contact the Office of Portfolio Management. Phone, 202–501–0638. Regional Offices Regional offices are located in 11 U.S. cities. Within its area Office of Business Development of jurisdiction, each regional office is The Office of Business Development responsible for executing assigned directs the policy and management of programs. Regional OfficesÐGeneral Services Administration

Region Address Administrator

New England ...... Boston, MA (10 Causeway St., 02222) ...... Robert J. Dunfey, Jr. Northeast and Caribbean ... New York, NY (26 Federal Plz., 10278) ...... Karen R. Adler Mid-Atlantic ...... Philadelphia, PA (100 Penn Sq. E., 19107±3396) ...... Rafael Borras, Acting Southeast Sunbelt ...... Atlanta, GA (Suite 2800, 401 W. Peachtree St. NW., 30365) ...... Carol A. Dortch Great Lakes ...... Chicago, IL (230 S. Dearborn St., 60604) ...... William C. Burke The Heartland ...... Kansas City, MO (1500 E. Bannister Rd., 64131) ...... Glen W. Overton Greater Southwest ...... Fort Worth, TX (819 Taylor St., 76102) ...... John Pouland Rocky Mountain ...... Denver, CO (Denver Federal Ctr., 80225±0006) ...... Polly B. Baca Pacific Rim ...... San Francisco, CA (5th Fl., 450 Golden Gate Ave., 94102) ...... Kenn N. Kojima Northwest/Arctic ...... Auburn, WA (GSA Ctr., 98002) ...... L. Jay Pearson National Capital ...... Washington, DC (7th and D Sts. SW., 20407) ...... Nelson B. Alcalde

Sources of Information CO 81009. Phone, 888–8–PUEBLO (toll- free). Bulk copies are free to nonprofit Consumer Information Center (CIC) organizations. Information regarding the Organized under the Office of Public Affairs, CIC assists Federal agencies in Consumer Information Center is also the release of relevant and useful available electronically through the consumer information and generates Internet, at http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/. increased public awareness of this Contracts Individuals seeking to do information. CIC publishes quarterly the business with the General Services Consumer Information Catalog, which is Administration may obtain detailed free to the public and lists more than information from the Business Service 200 free or low-cost Federal consumer Centers listed in the preceding text. interest publications. Topics include Inquiries concerning programs to assist health, food, nutrition, money small business should be directed to one management, employment, Federal of the Business Service Centers. benefits, the environment, and Electronic Access Information about education. The Catalog is widely GSA is available electronically through distributed through congressional offices, the Internet, at http://www.gsa.gov/. Federal facilities, educators, State and Employment Inquiries and applications local governmental consumer offices, should be directed to the Human and private nonprofit organizations. For Resources Operations Division (CPS), a free copy of the Catalog, write to the Office of Human Resources, General Consumer Information Center, Pueblo, Services Administration, Washington, DC 576 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

20405. Schools interested in the bookstores of the Government Printing recruitment program should contact the Office or from customer supply centers. Human Resources Operations Division Others may be obtained free or at (CPS), Office of Human Resources, production cost from a Business Service Washington, DC 20405 (phone, 202– Center or a Federal Information Center. 501–0370), and/or the appropriate (See pages 585 and 588, respectively.) regional office listed above. The telephone numbers and addresses of Fraud and Waste Contact the Inspector the Federal Information Centers and of General’s Office at 800–424–5210 (toll- the Government Printing Office free) or 202–501–1780 (in the bookstores are listed in local telephone Washington, DC, metropolitan area). directories. If a publication is not Freedom of Information and Privacy Act distributed by any of the centers or Requests Inquiries concerning policies stores, inquiries should be directed to pertaining to Freedom of Information Act the originating agency’s service or office. and Privacy Act matters should be The addresses for inquiries are: addressed to the General Services Administration (CAIR), Attn: GSA FOIA Public Buildings Service (P), General Services or Privacy Act Officer, Room 7102, Administration, Washington, DC 20405 Washington, DC 20405. Phone, 202– Federal Supply Service (F), General Services Administration, Washington, DC 20406 501–2691. TDD callers may use the Federal Information Relay Service Office of Finance (BC), General Services Administration, Washington, DC 20405 (phone, 202–708–9300; fax, 202–501– Federal Telecommunications Service (T), General 2727). FOIA or Privacy Act requests Services Administration, Falls Church, VA 22043 concerning GSA regions should be directed to the FOIA or Privacy Act Those who would like a list of officers for the particular region (see publications or who are not certain of regional office listing in the preceding the service or office of origin should text). write to the Director of Publications Public and News Media Inquiries The (XD), General Services Administration, Office of Public Affairs is responsible for Washington, DC 20405. Phone, 202– the coordination of responses to inquiries from both the general public 501–1235. and news media, as well as for Small Business Activities Inquiries maintaining an information network with concerning programs to assist small agency employees with regard to items businesses should be directed to one of of interest to the Federal worker. The the Small Business Centers listed in the Office issues news releases and is preceding text. responsible for publishing the GSA Speakers Inquiries and requests for Update, a daily bulletin of noteworthy speakers should be directed to the Office items designed to keep agency of Public Affairs (X), General Services employees apprised of pertinent issues. Administration, Washington, DC 20405 Publications Many publications are (phone, 202–501–0705); or contact the available at moderate prices through the nearest regional office.

For further information concerning the General Services Administration, contact the Office of Public Affairs (X), General Services Administration, Washington, DC 20405. Phone, 202–501–0705. Internet, http:// www.gsa.gov/. INTER–AMERICAN FOUNDATION 577

INTER–AMERICAN FOUNDATION 901 North Stuart Street, Arlington, VA 22203 Phone, 703–841–3800

Board of Directors: Chair MARIA OTERO Vice Chair NEIL H. OFFEN Directors HARRIET C. BABBITT, MARK SCHNEIDER, ANN BROWNELL SLOANE, PATRICIA HILL WILLIAMS,F RANK D. YTURRIA, (2 VACANCIES) Staff: President GEORGE A. EVANS Senior Vice President and General Counsel ADOLFO A. FRANCO Vice President for External Affairs LINDA BORST Vice President for Financial Management and WINSOME WELLS, Acting Systems Vice President for Learning and Dissemination ANNE TERNES Vice President for Programs DAVID VALENZUELA

The Inter-American Foundation is an independent Federal agency that supports social and economic development in Latin America and the Caribbean. It makes grants primarily to private, indigenous organizations that carry out self-help projects benefiting poor people.

The Inter-American Foundation was consent of the Senate. By law, six created by Congress in 1969 (22 U.S.C. members of the Board are from private 290f) to support the self-help efforts of organizations and three are from the poor people in Latin America and the Government. Caribbean. The Foundation was The Foundation has made 3,992 established because of congressional grants, totaling nearly $447 million concern that traditional programs of development assistance were not through fiscal year 1996 in 36 countries reaching poor people. Instead of working of Latin America and the Caribbean. through governments, the Foundation Most grants are made to private, responds directly to the initiatives of the grassroots organizations, including poor by supporting local and private community associations and small urban organizations. Approximately 73 percent enterprises, or to larger organizations of the Foundation’s funds are derived that work with local groups and provide from congressional appropriations and them with credit, technical assistance, the remainder from the Social Progress training, and marketing services. A small Trust Fund of the Inter-American number of grants each year are made to Development Bank. centers in Latin America and the The Foundation is governed by a nine- Caribbean for research on the problems member Board of Directors appointed by of poor people and grassroots the President with the advice and development.

For further information, contact the Office of the President, Inter-American Foundation, 901 North Stuart Street, Arlington, VA 22203. Phone, 703–841–3810. 578 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD 1120 Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20419 Phone, 202–653–7124

Chairman BENJAMIN L. ERDREICH Chief Counsel to the Chairman STEVEN L. KATZ Counsel to the Chairman WILLIAM B. WILEY Legal Specialist to the Chairman DENISE L. MILLER Chief of Staff ANITA LACY BOLES Vice Chair BETH S. SLAVET Chief Counsel ELLA B. CHATTERJEE Counsels to the Vice Chair ALEXIA MCCASKILL, MARILYN PARK Member ANTONIO C. AMADOR Chief Counsel VICTOR CABRAL Executive Assistant LUBEN MONTOYA Counsel ALAN FORST Office of the Chairman: Chief Administrative Law Judge PAUL G. STREB Clerk of the Board ROBERT E. TAYLOR Director, Financial and Administrative ROBERT W. LAWSHE Management Director, Human Resources Management MARSHA SCIALDO BOYD Director, Information Resources BARBARA B. WADE Management Director, Office of Appeals Counsel STEPHEN E. ALPERN Director, Office of Equal Employment JANICE E. FRITTS Opportunity Director, Office of Policy and Evaluation JOHN PALGUTA, Acting Director, Office of Regional Operations DARRELL L. NETHERTON General Counsel MARY L. JENNINGS Legislative Counsel SUSAN L. WILLIAMS [For the Merit Systems Protection Board statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 5, Part 1200]

The Merit Systems Protection Board protects the integrity of Federal merit systems and the rights of Federal employees working in the systems. In overseeing the personnel practices of the Federal Government, the Board conducts special studies of the merit systems, hears and decides charges of wrongdoing and employee appeals of adverse agency actions, and orders corrective and disciplinary actions when appropriate.

The Merit Systems Protection Board is a authority are specified in 5 U.S.C. 1201– successor agency to the United States 1206. Civil Service Commission, established by act of January 16, 1883 (22 Stat. 403). Activities Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 (5 U.S.C. app.), effective January 1, 1979, The Board has responsibility for hearing pursuant to Executive Order 12107 of and adjudicating appeals by Federal December 28, 1978, redesignated part of employees of adverse personnel actions, the Commission as the Merit Systems such as removals, suspensions, and Protection Board. The Board’s duties and demotions. It also resolves cases MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD 579 REGIONAL AND SEATTLE FIELD OFFICES AND WESTERN OPERATIONS BOSTON, DALLAS, NORTHEASTERN, WASHINGTON, DC, REGIONAL OFFICES DENVER, NEW YORK, ATLANTA, CENTRAL, POLICY AND EVALUATION VICE CHAIRMAN RESOURCES INFORMATION MANAGEMENT GENERAL COUNSEL HUMAN CHAIRMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CHIEF OF STAFF BOARD CLERK OF THE OPPORTUNITY MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD EQUAL EMPLOYMENT MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE COUNSEL APPEALS MEMBER LAW JUDGE ADMINISTRATIVE 580 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL involving reemployment rights, the can be appealed to the U.S. Court of denial of periodic step increases in pay, Appeals for the Federal Circuit. actions against administrative law The Board reviews regulations issued judges, and charges of prohibited by the Office of Personnel Management personnel practices, including charges in and has the authority to require agencies connection with whistleblowing. The to cease compliance with any regulation Board has the authority to enforce its that could constitute a prohibited decisions and to order corrective and personnel practice. It also conducts disciplinary actions. An employee or special studies of the civil service and applicant for employment involved in an other executive branch merit systems appealable action that also involves an and reports to the President and the allegation of discrimination may ask the Congress on whether the Federal work Equal Employment Opportunity force is being adequately protected Commission to review a Board decision. against political abuses and prohibited Final decisions and orders of the Board personnel practices. Regional OfficesÐMerit Systems Protection Board

Region Address Director Telephone

Atlanta, GA ...... 401 W. Peachtree St. NW., 30308 ...... Thomas J. Lanphear ..... 404±730±2751 Central Regional Office 31st Fl., 230 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60604 ...... Martin W. Baumgaertner 312±353±2923 Northeastern Regional Rm. 501, 2d & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA Lonnie L. Crawford, Jr. .. 215±597±9960 Office. 19106. Washington Regional Suite 1109, 5203 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA P.J. Winzer ...... 703±756±6250 Office. 22041. Western Regional Office 4th Fl., 250 Montgomery St., San Francisco, CA Denis Marachi ...... 415±705±2935 94104.

Field OfficesÐMerit Systems Protection Board

Chief Administrative Region Address Judge Telephone

Boston, MA ...... Suite 1810, 99 Summer St., 02110 ...... William Carroll ...... 617±424±5700 Dallas, TX ...... Rm. 6F20, 1100 Commerce St., 75242 ...... Sharon Jackson ...... 214±767±0555 Denver, CO ...... Suite 100, 12567 W. Cedar Dr., Lakewood, CO Joseph H. Hartman ..... 303±969±5101 80228. New York, NY ...... Rm. 3137A, 26 Federal Plz., 10278 ...... Arthur Joseph ...... 212±264±9372 Seattle, WA ...... Rm. 1840, 915 2d Ave., 98174 ...... Carl Berkenwald ...... 206±220±7975

For further information, contact the Merit Systems Protection Board, 1120 Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20419. Phone, 202–653–7124. TDD, 202–653–8896.

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 300 E Street SW., Washington, DC 20546 Phone, 202–358–1000

Administrator DANIEL S. GOLDIN Deputy Administrator J.R. DAILEY, Acting Associate Deputy Administrator J.R. DAILEY Associate Deputy Administrator (Technical) MICHAEL I. MOTT Chief Scientist (VACANCY) Chief Engineer DANIEL R. MULVILLE Chief Technologist SAMUEL R. VENNERI NASA Chief Financial Officer ARNOLD G. HOLZ Comptroller MALCOLM L. PETERSON NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 581

Deputy Chief Financial Officer KENNETH J. WINTER Director, Financial Management Division STEPHEN J. VARHOLY Director, Resource Analysis Division PATRICIA A. NASH Director, Systems and Cost Analysis DAVID J. PINE Division Chief, Budget Operations Office (VACANCY) Associate Administrator for Headquarters MICHAEL D. CHRISTENSEN Operations Associate Administrator for Policy and Plans ALAN M. LADWIG Staff Director, NASA Advisory Council ANNE L. ACCOLA Director for Special Studies SYLVIA K. KRAEMER Associate Administrator for Legislative Affairs JEFFREY LAWRENCE Deputy Associate Administrator LYNN W. HENNINGER Deputy Associate Administrator (Programs) MARY D. KERWIN Deputy Associate Administrator (Policy) PHYLLIS A. LOVE Director, Congressional Inquiries Division HELEN ROTHMAN Director, Congressional Liaison Division MARY D. KERWIN, Acting Director, Legislation Division MICHAEL A. MAGUIRE Director, Outreach Division PHYLLIS A. LOVE, Acting Associate Administrator for Life and ARNAULD E. NICOGOSSIAN, Acting Microgravity Sciences and Applications Deputy Associate Administrator (Operations (VACANCY) and Space Flight) Director, Aerospace Medicine Division JAMES D. COLLIER Director, Flight Systems Office EDMOND M. REEVES Director, Life Sciences Division JOAN VERNIKOS Director, Microgravity Research Division ROBERT C. RHOME Director, Policy and Program Management STEPHAN W. FOGLEMAN Director, Space Development and EDWARD A. GABRIS Commercial Research Division Associate Administrator for Mission to Planet CHARLES F. KENNEL Earth Deputy Associate Administrator (Programs) WILLIAM F. TOWNSEND Deputy Associate Administrator MICHAEL B. MANN (Management) Assistant Associate Administrator (Program DOUGLAS R. NORTON Integration) Director, Flight Systems Division MICHAEL R. LUTHER Director, Operations, Data and DIXON M. BUTLER Information Systems Division Director, Science Division ROBERT C. HARRISS Associate Administrator for Space Science WESLEY T. HUNTRESS, JR. Deputy Associate Administrator EARLE K. HUCKINS Director, Administration and Resources ROY MAIZEL Management Division Director, Advanced Technology and PETER ULRICH Mission Studies Division Director, Mission and Payload KENNETH LEDBETTER Development Division Director, Research Program Management HENRY BRINTON Division General Counsel EDWARD A. FRANKLE Deputy General Counsel (VACANCY) Associate General Counsel (Commercial) JUNE W. EDWARDS Associate General Counsel (Contracts) DAVID P. FORBES 582 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Associate General Counsel (General Law) ROBERT M. STEPHENS Associate General Counsel (Intellectual JOHN G. MANNIX Property) Associate Administrator for Procurement DEIDRE A. LEE Deputy Associate Administrator THOMAS S. LUEDTKE Director, Analysis Division ANNE C. GUENTHER Director, Contract Management Division LAURA D. LAYRON Director, Program Operations Division JAMES A. BALINSKAS Associate Administrator for Small and RALPH C. THOMAS III Disadvantaged Business Utilization Associate Administrator for Public Affairs LAURIE BOEDER Deputy Associate Administrator GEOFFREY H. VINCENT Director, Media Services Division BRIAN D. WELCH, Acting Director, Public Services Division PAULA CLEGGETT-HALEIM Associate Administrator for Space Flight WILBUR C. TRAFTON Deputy Associate Administrator RICHARD J. WISNIEWSKI Deputy Associate Administrator (Space STEPHEN S. OSWALD Shuttle) Deputy Associate Administrator (Space WILBUR C. TRAFTON Station Program) Associate Administrator for Management BENITA A. COOPER Systems and Facilities Director, Space Station Requirements GRETCHEN W. MCCLAIN, Acting Deputy Associate Administrator JEFFREY E. SUTTON, Acting Director, Aircraft Management Office J. TIMOTHY BODDIE, JR. Director, Environmental Management OLGA DOMINGUEZ, Acting Division Director, Facilities Engineering Division WILLIAM W. BRUBAKER Director, Information Resources ALI S. MONTASSER Management Division Director, Management Assessment Division DANALEE GREEN, Acting Director, Security, Logistics, and Industrial MARK R.J. BORSI, Acting Relations Division Associate Administrator for Safety and Mission FREDERICK D. GREGORY Assurance Deputy Associate Administrator MICHAEL A. GREENFIELD Executive Director, Aerospace Safety NORMAN B. STARKEY Advisory Panel Director, Payloads and Aeronautics PEGGY L. EVANICH Division Director, Space Flight Safety and Mission PETER J. RUTLEDGE Assurance Division Director, Safety and Risk Management JAMES D. LLOYD Division Director, Resources Management Office DALE E. MOORE Associate Administrator for Aeronautics and ROBERT E. WHITEHEAD Space Transportation Technology Deputy Associate Administrator RICHARD A. REEVES Deputy Associate Administrator (Space GARY E. PAYTON Transportation Technology) Director, Aerospace Research Division RICHARD S. CHRISTIANSEN, Acting Director, Alliance Development Office LOUIS J. WILLIAMS Director, Aviation Systems Technology LEE B. HOLCOMB Division Director, Management Support Office KATHRYN C. FERRARE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 583

Director, Resources Management Office GLENN C. FULLER Director, Space Transportation Division GARY E. PAYTON Director, Commercial Development ROBERT L. NORWOOD Division Associate Administrator for Human Resources SPENCE M. ARMSTRONG and Education Director, Education Division FRANKLIN C. OWENS Director, Management Systems Division STANLEY S. KASK, JR. Director, Personnel Division VICKI A. NOVAK Director, Training and Development (VACANCY) Division Associate Administrator for Equal Opportunity GEORGE E. REESE, Acting Programs Deputy Associate Administrator OCEOLA S. HALL Director, Affirmative Employment and JAMES A. WESTBROOKS Diversity Policy Division Director, Discrimination Complaints BRENDA MANUEL-ALEXANDER, Division Acting Director, Minority University Research and BETTIE L. WHITE Education Division Inspector General ROBERTA L. GROSS Assistant Inspector General for RICHARD D. TRIPLETT, Acting Investigations Assistant Inspector General for Auditing ROBERT J. WESOLOWKSI, Acting Assistant Inspector General for Inspections DAVID M. CUSHING and Assessments Assistant Inspector General for Partnerships LEWIS D. RINKER and Alliances Associate Administrator for External Relations JOHN D. SHUMACHER Deputy Associate Administrator (Space MICHAEL F. O’BRIEN Flight) Director, Defense Affairs Division CONRAD O. FORSYTHE Director, Management Support Office SHIRLEY A. PEREZ Director, International Relations Division BETH A. MASTERS Director, Mission to Planet Earth Division LISA R. SHAFFER Director, Space Flight Division LYNN F.H. CLINE Director, Inventions and Contributions ROBERT J. BOBEK Board NASA Centers Director, Ames Research Center HENRY MCDONALD Director, George C. Marshall Space Flight J. WAYNE LITTLES Center Director, Goddard Space Flight Center JOSEPH H. ROTHENBERG Manager, NASA Management Office, Jet KURT LINDSTROM Propulsion Laboratory Director, John F. Kennedy Space Center ROY D. BRIDGES Director, Langley Research Center JEREMIAH F. CREEDON Director, Lewis Research Center DONALD J. CAMPBELL Director, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center GEORGE W.S. ABBEY 584 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, John C. Stennis Space Center ROY S. ESTESS Director, Dryden Flight Research Center KENNETH J. SZALAI [For the National Aeronautics and Space Administration statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 14, Part 1201]

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration conducts research for the solution of problems of flight within and outside the Earth’s atmosphere and develops, constructs, tests, and operates aeronautical and space vehicles. It conducts activities required for the exploration of space with manned and unmanned vehicles and arranges for the most effective utilization of the scientific and engineering resources of the United States with other nations engaged in aeronautical and space activities for peaceful purposes.

The National Aeronautics and Space commercialization of high-payoff Administration was established by the aeronautics and space transportation National Aeronautics and Space Act of technologies. The Office seeks to 1958, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2451 et promote economic growth and security seq.). and to enhance U.S. competitiveness through safe, superior, and NASA Headquarters environmentally compatible U.S. civil Planning, coordinating, and controlling and military aircraft, through a safe, Administration programs are vested in efficient national aviation system, and through low-cost access to space. In Headquarters. Directors of NASA centers addition, the Office is responsible for are responsible for the execution of managing the Ames, Dryden Flight, agency programs, largely through Langley, and Lewis Research Centers. contracts with research, development, and manufacturing enterprises. A broad For further information, call 202–358–2693. range of research and development Life and Microgravity Sciences and activities are conducted in NASA Centers Applications The Office of Life and by Government-employed scientists, Microgravity Sciences and Applications engineers, and technicians to evaluate conducts programs concerned with life new concepts and phenomena and to sciences, microgravity sciences and maintain the competence required to applications, aerospace medicine and manage contracts with private occupational health programs, and space enterprises. development and commercialization. Planning, directing, and managing The Office directs the planning, research and development programs are development, integration, and operations the responsibility of seven program support for NASA missions which use offices, all of which report to and the space shuttle, free flyers, receive overall guidance and direction international space station Mir, and other from the Administrator. The overall advanced carriers. The Office also planning and direction of institutional establishes all requirements and operations at NASA Centers and standards for design, development, and management of agencywide institutional operation of human space flight systems resources are the responsibility of the and facilities. appropriate Institutional Associate Administrator under the overall guidance For further information, call 202–358–0123. and direction of the Administrator. Mission to Planet Earth The Office of Aeronautics and Space Transportation Mission to Planet Earth conducts Technology The Office of Aeronautics programs that study global climate and Space Transportation Technology change and integrated functioning of the conducts programs that pioneer the Earth as a system. This includes identification, development, verification, developing and managing remote transfer, application, and sensing satellites and instruments, aircraft NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 585 DRYDEN FLIGHT TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER TRANSPORTATION AMES RESEARCH CENTER LEWIS RESEARCH CENTER LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER AERONAUTICS AND SPACE EXTERNAL RELATIONS SMALL AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS UTILIZATION GENERAL INSPECTOR LABORATORY JET PROPULSION SPACE SCIENCE * PROGRAMS OPERATIONS PROCUREMENT HEADQUARTERS EQUAL OPPORTUNITY CENTERS SPACE RESERACH STAFF OFFICES AND DEVELOPMENT OFFICE OF THE

ADMINISTRATOR PROGRAMÊÊÊOFFICES GENERAL COUNSEL ASSURANCE AND EDUCATION HUMAN RESOURCES SAFETY AND MISSION SPACE CENTER SPACE CENTER SPACE CENTER JOHN C. STENNIS JOHN F. KENNEDY SPACE FLIGHT LYNDON B. JOHNSON GEORGE C. MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER COUNCIL NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION NASA ADVISORY ADVISORY PANEL AEROSPACE SAFETY AFFAIRS OFFICER FACILITIES LEGISLATIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND CHIEF FINANCIAL MISSION TO FLIGHT CENTER GODDARD SPACE PLANET EARTH PLANS contractor-operated facility POLICY AND JPL is a * 586 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and ground measurements and research, astronauts aboard the Mir space station. as well as data and information systems In January 1997, the fifth of nine needed to support the objectives of the planned space shuttle missions to Mir U.S. Global Change Research Program. and the second involving an exchange of The Office also has institutional U.S. astronauts was launched. Two more management responsibility for the space shuttle/Mir docking missions are Goddard Space Flight Center and planned for 1997. The space shuttle/Mir maintains contact with the National docking missions are precursors to Academy of Sciences and other science assembly and utilization of the advisory and coordinating boards and international space station. committees. NASA is leading an international effort to build and deploy a permanently For further information, call 202–358–1770. manned space station into Earth’s orbit. Space Flight The Office of Space Flight Elements of the space station will be (OSF) is NASA’s principal organization provided by Canada, Japan, Italy, Russia, for space flight operations and utilization and 11 European nations represented by involving human space flight. It consists the European Space Agency. The space of the following programmatic missions: station will be a permanent outpost in flight to and from space for people and space where humans will live and work cargo, operating habitable space productively for extended periods of facilities, and managing the utilization of time. It will provide an advanced these facilities in support of NASA’s research laboratory to explore space and space missions, such as space missions employ its resources, as well as the from and to Earth. The Office is opportunity to learn to build, operate, responsible for the space shuttle, space and maintain systems in space. U.S. communications, spectrum management, elements of the space station will be and the Spacelab and is currently launched aboard the space shuttle and leading development of the international assembled in orbit. The first flight is space station. The Office is also currently scheduled for 1997. responsible for institutional management For further information, call 202–358–2015. of the Kennedy Space Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, Johnson Space Space Science The Office of Space Flight Center, and the Stennis Space Science conducts programs and research Center. designed to understand the origin, Through its centers, the Office plans, evolution, and structure of the universe directs, and executes the development, and the solar system. The Office also acquisition, testing, and operation of all manages NASA’s activities at the Jet elements of the Space Shuttle Program; Propulsion Laboratory and maintains plans, directs, and manages execution of contacts with the Space Studies Board of prelaunch, launch, flight landing, post- the National Academy of Sciences and flight operations, and payload with other science advisory boards and assignments; maintains and upgrades the committees. design of ground and flight systems For further information, call 202–358–1409. throughout the operational period; procures recurring system hardware; manages Spacelab development, NASA Centers procurement, and operations; develops Ames Research Center The Center, and implements necessary policy with located at Moffett Field, CA, provides other government and commercial users leadership for NASA in aviation of the space shuttle; and coordinates all operations systems, astrobiology, and associated research. The Office is information systems research and working with the Russian Space Agency technology development. The Center to plan and execute a series of joint fulfills this mission through the missions that will involve flying development and operation of unique cosmonauts aboard the space shuttle and national facilities and the conduct and NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 587 management of leading edge research projects, Phase I program, astromaterials and technology programs. These sciences, biomedical research, advanced activities are vital to the achievement of human support technology, and space the Nation’s aeronautics and space medicine. goals, and to its security and economic John F. Kennedy Space Center The prosperity. Center, which is located in Florida, is Dryden Flight Research Center The the NASA center of excellence for Center, which is located in Edwards, CA, launch and payload processing conducts safe, timely aerospace flight operations and is the lead center for the research and aircraft operations in Spacelab program. The Center is home support of agency and national needs. It to the space shuttle fleet, which assures preeminent flight research transports astronaut crews, space station capability through effective management elements, Spacelab, and a wide variety and maintenance of unique national of payloads into Earth orbit and beyond. expertise and facilities, and provides It also provides Government oversight of operational landing support for the NASA expendable vehicle launches and national space transportation system. the launch of NASA-sponsored payloads. Goddard Space Flight Center The Langley Research Center The Center, Center, which is located in Greenbelt, located in Hampton, VA, provides MD, conducts Earth-orbiting spacecraft leadership in airframe systems and and experiment development and flight atmospheric science and is a center of operations. It develops and operates excellence for structures and materials. It tracking and data acquisition systems conducts research in the critical and conducts supporting mission disciplines of fundamental operations. It also develops and operates aerodynamics, propulsion/airframe Spacelab payloads; space physics integration, and hypersonic propulsion research programs; Earth science and and operates unique national facilities in applications programs; life science support of national research programs. programs; information systems Lewis Research Center The Center, technology; sounding rockets and located in Cleveland, OH, provides sounding rocket payloads; launch leadership in aeropropulsion, space vehicles; balloons and balloon power, and microgravity science and experiments; planetary science technology. The Center also conducts experiments; and sensors for research in critical disciplines of environmental monitoring and ocean materials, structures, internal fluid dynamics. mechanics instrumentation, and controls Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center The and electronics. All of these efforts are Center, which is located in Houston, TX, supported by unique research and is the NASA center of excellence for development facilities. human operations in space. The Center George C. Marshall Space Flight Center strives to advance the national capability The Center, which is located in for human exploration and utilization of Huntsville, AL, is the principal NASA space by research, development, and center for design, development, operation of the space shuttle, the integration, and testing of propulsion international space station (ISS), and systems, launch vehicles, and space other space systems and by developing transportation systems, including and maintaining excellence in the fields propulsive stages for orbital transfer and of project management, space systems deep space missions. It develops, engineering, medical and life sciences, integrates, and operates astrophysics, lunar and planetary geosciences, and space physics, and microgravity sciences crew and mission operations. It is also payloads and experiments. It has a the lead center for several agencywide supporting role in developing programs and initiatives, including the capabilities in the astronomy, space shuttle and ISS program, space astrophysics, and Earth sciences operations, extra-vehicular activity (EVA) disciplines. It is the prime center for 588 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL integrated payload utilization across all NASA Headquarters, 300 E Street SW., science disciplines. Washington, DC 20546. Phone, 202– John C. Stennis Space Center The 358–2088. Center, which is located in Stennis Employment Direct all inquiries to the Space Center, MS, operates, maintains, Personnel Director of the nearest NASA and manages a world-class propulsion Center or, for the Washington, DC, testing facility for the development, metropolitan area, to the Chief, certification, and acceptance testing of Headquarters Personnel Branch, NASA the space shuttle main engine. It has a Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546. supporting role in technology utilization, Phone, 202–358–1562. applications, and commercialization Publications, Speakers, Films, and programs in environmental system Exhibit Services Several publications sciences and observations, remote concerning these services can be sensing, and image processing systems. obtained by contacting the Public Affairs Officer of the nearest NASA Center. Government-Owned/Contractor- Publications include NASA Directory of Operated Facility Services for the Public, NASA Film List, Jet Propulsion Laboratory The and NASA Educational Publications List. Laboratory, which is operated under The Headquarters telephone directory contract by the California Institute of and certain publications and picture sets Technology in Pasadena, CA, develops are available for sale from the spacecraft and space sensors and Superintendent of Documents, conducts mission operations and ground- Government Printing Office, based research in support of solar system Washington, DC 20402. Telephone exploration, Earth science and directories for NASA Centers are applications, Earth and ocean dynamics, available only from the Centers. space physics and astronomy, and life Publications and documents not science and information systems available for sale from the technology. It is also responsible for the Superintendent of Documents or the operation of the Deep Space Network in National Technical Information Service support of NASA projects. (Springfield, VA 22151) may be obtained from the NASA Center’s Information Sources of Information Center in accordance with the NASA Contracts and Small Business Activities regulation concerning freedom of Inquiries regarding contracting for small information (14 CFR, part 1206). business opportunities with NASA should Reading Room NASA Headquarters be directed to the Associate Information Center, Room 1H23, 300 E Administrator for Small and Street SW., Washington, DC 20546. Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Phone, 202–358–1000.

For further information, contact the Headquarters Information Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 20546. Phone, 202–358–1000.

NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, Maryland 20740–6001 Phone, 301–713–6800

Archivist of the United States JOHN W. CARLIN Deputy Archivist of the United States LEWIS J. BELLARDO NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION 589

Executive Director, National Historical GERALD W. GEORGE Publications and Records Commission Director of the Federal Register RAYMOND A. MOSLEY Assistant Archivist for Regional Records RICHARD L. CLAYPOOLE Services Assistant Archivist for Presidential Libraries DAVID F. PETERSON Assistant Archivist for Records Services— MICHAEL J. KURTZ Washington, DC Assistant Archivist for Human Resources and L. REYNOLDS CAHOON Information Services Assistant Archivist for Administrative Services ADRIENNE C. THOMAS General Counsel ELIZABETH A. PUGH Inspector General KELLY A. SISARIO Director, Information Security Oversight Office STEVEN GARFINKEL [For the National Archives and Records Administration statement of organization, see the Federal Register of June 25, 1985, 50 FR 26278]

The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) ensures, for citizens and Federal officials, ready access to essential evidence that documents the rights of American citizens, the actions of Federal officials, and the national experience. It establishes policies and procedures for managing U.S. Government records and assists Federal agencies in documenting their activities, administering records management programs, scheduling records, and retiring noncurrent records. NARA accessions, arranges, describes, preserves, and provides access to the essential documentation of the three branches of Government; manages the Presidential Libraries system; and publishes the laws, regulations, and Presidential and other public documents. It also assists the Information Security Oversight Office, which manages Federal classification and declassification policies, and the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, which makes grants nationwide to help nonprofit organizations identify, preserve, and provide access to materials that document American history.

The National Archives and Records available for use in research rooms in its Administration is the successor agency to facilities; answers written and oral the National Archives Establishment, requests for information contained in its which was created in 1934 and holdings; and, for a fee, provides copies subsequently incorporated into the of records. In addition, many important General Services Administration as the records are available on microfilm. National Archives and Records Service Historically valuable records created in in 1949. NARA was established as an the Washington, DC, area and in the independent agency in the executive custody of NARA are maintained in branch of the Government by act of NARA facilities in the Washington, DC, October 19, 1984 (44 U.S.C. 2101 et area. Historically valuable records that seq.), effective April 1, 1985. are primarily of regional or local interest and in the custody of NARA are Activities maintained in the NARA regional records services facilities (see ‘‘Regional Archival Program The National Records Services’’ below). Archives and Records Administration maintains the historically valuable For further information concerning records in the records of the U.S. Government dating custody of NARA, contact the User Services Branch. Phone, 202–501–5400. from the Revolutionary War era to the recent past; arranges and preserves Presidential Libraries Through the records and prepares finding aids to Presidential libraries, which are located facilitate their use; makes records at sites selected by the Presidents and 590 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL GENERAL INSPECTOR SERVICES— OFFICE OF THE WASHINGTON, DC OFFICE OF RECORDS AND RECORDS NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMMISSION PUBLICATIONS SERVICES RECORDS OFFICE OF REGIONAL OFFICE SECURITY OVERSIGHT INFORMATION STAFF GENERAL COUNSEL POLICY AND LIBRARIES OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS PRESIDENTIAL STAFF OF THE UNITED UNITED STATES STATES/CHIEF OF ARCHIVIST OF THE DEPUTY ARCHIVIST STAFF AFFAIRS OFFICE OF THE DIVERSITY PROGRAMS FEDERAL REGISTER DEVELOPMENT CONGRESSIONAL OPPORTUNITY AND EQUAL EMPLOYMENT NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION AND RECORDS ARCHIVES NATIONAL SERVICES INFORMATION RESOURCES AND OFFICE OF HUMAN SERVICES OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION 591 built with private funds, NARA preserves The records of each President since and makes available the records and Herbert Hoover are administered by personal papers of a particular NARA. While such records were once President’s administration. In addition to considered personal papers, all providing reference services on Presidential records created on or after Presidential documents, each library January 20, 1981, are declared by law to prepares documentary and descriptive be owned and controlled by the United publications and operates a museum to States and are required to be transferred exhibit documents, historic objects, and to NARA at the end of the other memorabilia of interest to the administration, pursuant to the public. Presidential Records Act of 1978 (44 U.S.C. 2201 et seq.). Presidential LibrariesÐNational Archives and Records Administration

Library City/Address Director Telephone

Herbert Hoover Library ...... West Branch, IA 52358±0488 .... Timothy G. Walch ...... 319±643±5301 Franklin D. Roosevelt Library ...... Hyde Park, NY 12538±1999 ...... Verne W. Newton ...... 914±229±8114 Harry S. Truman Library ...... Independence, MO 64050±1798 Larry J. Hackman ...... 816±833±1400 Dwight D. Eisenhower Library ...... Abilene, KS 67410±2900 ...... Daniel D. Holt ...... 913±263±4751 John F. Kennedy Library ...... Boston, MA 02125±3398 ...... Bradley S. Gerratt ...... 617±929±4500 Lyndon B. Johnson Library ...... Austin, TX 78705±5702 ...... Harry J. Middleton ...... 512±916±5137 Gerald R. Ford Library ...... Ann Arbor, MI 48109±2114 ...... Richard Norton Smith ...... 313±741±2218 Gerald R. Ford Museum ...... Grand Rapids, MI 49504±5353 .. Richard Norton Smith ...... 616±451±9263 Nixon Presidential Materials Staff College Park, MD 20740±6001 .. Karl Weissenbach, Acting ...... 301±713±6950 Jimmy Carter Library ...... Atlanta, GA 30307±1406 ...... Donald B. Schewe ...... 404±331±3942 Ronald Reagan Library ...... Simi Valley, CA 93065±0666 ...... Mark A. Hunt ...... 805±522±8444 Bush Presidential Materials Project College Station, TX 77840±1897 David Alsobrook, Acting ...... 409±260±9554

For further information, contact the Office of Presidential Libraries. Phone, 301–713–6050.

Regional Records Services Outside the In addition to the archival holdings, Washington, DC, area, NARA operates a most of these regional records services system of 10 regions comprised of facilities maintain low-cost storage to individual regional records services which Federal agencies retire certain facilities. Each of the 10 regional noncurrent records for specified periods. directors administers a program For such records, the regional records encompassing the full life cycle of services facilities provide reference records, including records management services, including loan or return of activities with records creators, disposal, records to the agency of origin; prepare archival accessioning, records processing, and access to records by the authenticated reproductions of public. Historically valuable records that documents; and furnish information from are primarily of regional or local interest records. The facilities also dispose of are maintained in most of these facilities, records of transitory value and transfer which arrange and preserve the records into archival custody those that have and prepare finding aids to facilitate enduring value. In addition, the facilities their use; make the records available for offer to Federal agencies in the region use in research rooms; answer written technical assistance workshops and and oral requests for information advice on records creation, contained in the holdings; and, for a fee, maintenance, storage, disposition, and provide copies of the records. In vital records. Reimbursable microfilming addition, many important original services are available from some of the records held in NARA facilities in the facilities. Washington, DC, area, are available in microform in most of these regional facilities. 592 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Regional Records Services FacilitiesÐNational Archives and Records Administration (A: Facility holding archival records)

City Address Director Telephone

NORTHEAST REGION Headquarters ...... Waltham, MA ...... Diane LeBlanc 617±647±8745 Boston (A) ...... 380 Trapelo Rd., Waltham, MA 02154 ...... 617±647±8104 Pittsfield ...... 100 Dan Fox Dr., Pittsfield, MA 01201±8230 ...... 413±445±6885 New York City (A) ...... 201 Varick St., New York, NY 10014±4811 ...... 212±337±1301 Bayonne ...... Bldg. 22, Military Ocean Terminal, Bayonne, NJ 201±823±7161 07002±5388. MID ATLANTIC REGION Headquarters ...... Philadelphia, PA ...... James W. Mouat 215±671±9027 Center City Philadelphia (A) ... 900 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19107 ...... 215±597±3000 Northeast Philadelphia ...... 14700 Townsend Rd., Philadelphia, PA 19154 ... 215±671±9027 SOUTHEAST REGION Headquarters (A) ...... 1557 St. Joseph Ave., East Point, GA 30344 ..... Gayle P. Peters 404±763±7474 GREAT LAKES REGION. Headquarters ...... Chicago, IL ...... David E. Kuehl 773±581±7816 Chicago (A) ...... 7358 S. Pulaski Rd., Chicago, IL 60629 ...... 773±581±9688 Dayton ...... 3150 Springboro Rd., Dayton, OH 45439 ...... 513±225±2852 CENTRAL PLAINS REGION Headquarters (A) ...... 2312 E. Bannister Rd., Kansas City, MO 64131 R. Reed Whitaker 816±926±7271 SOUTHWEST REGION Headquarters (A) ...... 501 W. Felix St., Ft. Worth, TX 76115 ...... Kent C. Carter 817±334±5515 ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION Headquarters ...... Bldg. 48, Denver Federal Ctr., Denver, CO Robert Svenningsen 303±236±0804 80225. PACIFIC REGION Headquarters ...... San Bruno, CA ...... Sharon L. Roadway 415±876±9001 Laguna Niguel (A) ...... 1st Fl. E., 24000 Avila Rd., Laguna Niguel, CA 714±360±2626 92607. San Francisco (A) ...... 1000 Commodore Dr., San Bruno, CA 94066 ..... 415±876±9001 PACIFIC ALASKA REGION Headquarters ...... Seattle, WA ...... Steven M. Edwards 206±526±6503 Seattle (A) ...... 6125 Sand Point Way NE., Seattle, WA 98115 .. 206±526±6501 Anchorage (A) ...... 654 W. 3d Ave., Anchorage, AK 99501 ...... 907±271±2443 NATIONAL PERSONNEL RECORDS CENTER. Headquarters ...... 9700 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132 ...... David L. Petree 314±538±4201

For further information, contact the Office of Regional Records Services. Phone, 301–713–7200.

Records Management To ensure proper also provides tailored workshops and documentation of the organization, reimbursable micrographic services. policies, and activities of the For further information, contact Records Government, NARA develops standards Management Programs. Phone, 301–713–7100. For and guidelines for the management and records center services in the Washington, DC, area, contact the Washington National Records disposition of recorded information. It Center. Phone, 301–457–7000. appraises Federal records and approves records disposition schedules. It also Laws, Regulations, and Presidential inspects agency records and records Documents The agency prepares and management practices, develops records publishes a wide variety of public management training programs, provides documents. Upon issuance, acts of Congress are published immediately in guidance and assistance on proper slip law (pamphlet) form and then records management, and provides for cumulated and published for each storage of inactive records. For agencies session of Congress in the United States headquartered in the Washington, DC, Statutes at Large. vicinity, these functions are assigned to Each Federal workday, the Federal the Office of Records Services. The Register publishes (in both paper and Washington National Records Center, electronic format) current Presidential part of the Office of Records Services, proclamations and Executive orders, Federal agency regulations having general applicability and legal effect, NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION 593 proposed agency rules, and documents Other Activities required by statute to be published. All National Archives Trust Fund Board Federal regulations in force are codified The National Archives Trust Fund Board annually in the Code of Federal receives funds from the sale of Regulations. reproductions of historic documents and Presidential speeches, news publications about the records, as well conferences, messages, and other as from gifts and bequests. The Board materials released by the White House invests these funds and uses income to Office of the Press Secretary are support archival functions such as the preparation of publications that make published each week in the Weekly information about historic records more Compilation of Presidential Documents widely available. Members of the Board and annually in the Public Papers of the are the Archivist of the United States, the Presidents. Secretary of the Treasury, and the The United States Government Chairman of the National Endowment Manual, published annually in both for the Humanities. paper and electronic format, serves as For further information, contact the Secretary, the official handbook of the Federal National Archives Trust Fund Board. Phone, 301– Government, providing extensive 713–6405. information on agencies of the National Historical Publications and legislative, judicial, and executive Records Commission The Commission branches. is the grant-making affiliate of the National Archives and Records For further information, contact Customer Service, Administration. The Archivist of the Office of the Federal Register. Phone, 202–523– 5227. TDD, 202–523–5229. Fax, 202–523–6866. E- United States chairs the Commission and mail, [email protected] makes grants on its recommendation. The Commission’s 14 other members Public Programs The agency has represent the President of the United extensive education, exhibits, and States (2 appointees), the Federal publications programs that serve the Judiciary, the U.S. Senate and House of general public, researchers, scholars, Representatives, the Departments of State educators and their students, and and Defense, the Librarian of Congress, Government. The Declaration of the American Association for State and Independence, the Constitution, and the Local History, the American Historical Bill of Rights are on permanent display Association, the Association for in the Rotunda of the National Archives Documentary Editing, the National building in Washington, DC, and Association of Government Archives and numerous other Federal documents on a Records Administrators, the Organization wide variety of historical themes are of American Historians, and the Society exhibited in its other facilities of American Archivists. nationwide. Educational programs vary The Commission carries out a statutory from the elementary to the college and mission to ensure understanding of our professional teaching levels, stressing the Nation’s past by promoting, nationwide, use of primary sources. Free and fee the identification, preservation, and publications based on the holdings of dissemination of essential historical the agency are available in both print documentation. Its grants help State and and electronic formats, and range from local archives, universities, historical general information leaflets to archival societies, and other nonprofit finding aids. Many of the high-interest organizations solve preservation subject area records are published in problems, improve training and microform. techniques, strengthen archival For further information, contact the Educational programs, preserve and process records and Museum Programs Division. Phone, 202–501– collections, and provide access to them 5210. Fax, 202–219–1250. through the publication of finding aids 594 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and edited texts. The Commission works the Education Staff at 202–501–6694. in partnership with a national network of Most regional records services facilities State Historical Records Advisory Boards. also offer genealogy workshops. For For further information, contact the National more information, contact the individual Historical Publications and Records Commission. facility or contact the Office of Regional Phone, 202–501–5600. Records Services at 301–713–7200. The secondary school program Sources of Information annually offers an 8-day workshop in the Washington, DC, area, ‘‘Primarily Calendar of Events The National Teaching,’’ to introduce educators to the Archives Calendar of Events is published holdings of NARA and provide strategies monthly. To be added to the mailing list, for teaching with primary sources. For call 301–713–7360. For a recorded further information, contact the announcement of events at the National Education Staff. Phone, 202–501–6729. Archives building and the National The ‘‘Modern Archives Institute’’ is a Archives at College Park, call 202–501– 2-week course for archivists that 5000. The hearing impaired should call introduces students to the principles and 202–501–5404 for events at the National techniques of archival work. It is offered Archives building and 301–713–7343 for twice a year, in January and June, in the events at the College Park building. Washington, DC, area, for a fee. Congressional Affairs The Students are advised to register 3 months Congressional Affairs staff maintains in advance. Inquiries should be sent to contact with and responds to inquiries Staff Development Services, Room 1510, from congressional offices. Phone, 301– National Archives and Records 713–7340. Fax, 301–713–7344. Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, Contracts Individuals seeking to do College Park, MD 20740–6001. Phone business with NARA may obtain detailed 301–713–7390. information from the Acquisitions NARA offers 11 records management Services Division, National Archives at workshops in the Washington, DC, area, College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, lasting from 1 day to 5 days. Most are College Park, MD 20740–6001. Phone, designed for any Federal employee who 301–713–6755. has records management responsibility. Educational Opportunities The agency Topics range from files maintenance to offers several courses on archival and evaluating and promoting records records management principles and on management programs, and separate using NARA resources. workshops are offered on audiovisual ‘‘Going to the Source: An Introduction and electronic records. For further to Research in Archives,’’ is an annual 4- information, contact the Agency Services day course on doing research in primary Staff at 301–713–6677. Similar training sources. The course provides experience is offered by most regional records with documents, microfilm, finding aids, services facilities for Federal agency field and research methodology to researchers employees. For further information, from such varied positions as public contact any regional records services policy analysts, museum curators, and facility, or contact the Office of Regional historical novelists. For further Records Services at 301–713–7200. information, contact the Education Staff. A half-day program is offered by the Phone, 202–501–6303. Office of the Federal Register to provide ‘‘Introduction to Genealogy’’ is a half- public instruction on researching Federal day course offered several times a year regulations. The program, ‘‘The Federal in the Washington, DC, area to Register: What It Is and How To Use It,’’ introduce genealogists to the records in is conducted in Washington, DC, and in NARA that can further their research in major regional cities. For further family history. There are also several information, call 202–523–4534. half-day workshops each month that The National Historical Publications focus on specific aspects of genealogical and Records Commission cosponsors an research. For further information, contact ‘‘Institute for the Editing of Historical NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION 595

Documents,’’ a one-week summer Officer, General Counsel Staff, National training program at the University of Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Wisconsin, Madison. Admission is Road, College Park, MD 20740–6001. competitive. Phone, 301–713–6035. Fax, 301–713– The Commission also offers an annual 6040. fellowship in documentary editing and For historically valuable records in the an annual fellowship in archival custody of the Office of Records administration. The editorial fellow Services, contact the Access and FOIA works with a document publication Staff, National Archives and Records project supported by or endorsed by the Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, Commission. The archival fellow works College Park, MD 20740–6001. Phone, at a historical records repository in areas 301–713–6620. such as appraisal, collection For historically valuable records in the development, personnel administration, custody of a regional records services budget preparation, and external affairs. facility, contact the facility serving the Fellows receive stipends and fringe appropriate region (see listing in the benefits for a period of 9–10 months. For preceding text), or contact the Office of application information, contact NHPRC, Regional Records Services at 301–713– National Archives and Records 7200. Administration, 700 Pennsylvania For historical records in the custody of Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20408- a Presidential library, contact the library 0001. Phone, 202–501–5610. that has custody of the records (see Electronic Access Inquiries concerning listing in the preceding text). the holdings and services of NARA can For records in the physical custody of be made electronically. E-mail, the Washington National Records Center [email protected]. Information or the agency services activity of a about NARA and its holdings and regional records services facility, contact publications is also available through the the Federal agency that transferred the Internet, at http://www.nara.gov/. records to the facility. The National Archives and Records Museum Shops Publications, document Administration maintains an interactive facsimiles, and souvenirs are available fax retrieval system that allows users to for sale at the National Archives select and receive by fax a wide variety building, at each Presidential library, and of agency-related information. To use the at some regional records services fax-on-demand service, call 301–713– facilities. 6905 from a fax machine handset and Public Affairs The Public Affairs staff follow the voice instructions. One of the maintains contact with and responds to options that can be selected is a list of inquiries from the media, issues press the available documents. There is no releases and other literature, and charge for using fax-on-demand, other maintains contact with organizations than for the long distance telephone representing the archival profession, charges users may incur. scholarly organizations, and other groups Employment For job opportunities served by NARA. Phone, 301–713–6000. nationwide, contact the nearest NARA Publications Agency publications, facility or the Human Resources including facsimiles of certain Operations Branch, Room 2004, 9700 documents, finding aids to records, and Page Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63132. Prologue, a scholarly journal published Phone, 800–827–4898 (toll free). TDD, quarterly, are available from the Product 314–538–4799. Sales Section (NWPS), NARA, Room G– Freedom of Information Act/Privacy Act 9, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Requests Requests should be directed Washington, DC 20408-0001. Phone, 1– as follows: 800–234–8861 (toll free) or 202–501– For administrative records of the 5235. Fax, 202–501–7170. National Archives and Records Records management publications are Administration, contact the NARA available from the Product Sales Section. Freedom of Information Act/Privacy Act Phone, 202–501–5235. 596 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Publication information concerning facility or Presidential library in their laws, regulations, and Presidential areas (see listings in the preceding text). documents is available from the Office Education specialists present of the Federal Register. Phone, 202–523– workshops at regional and national 5227. Information is also available conferences of humanities professionals through the Federal Register Electronic and as in-service training for teachers. News Delivery bulletin board. Phone For further information, contact the (modem), 202–523–1538. Internet Education Staff. Phone, 202–501–6729. (telnet), fedworld.gov. Teaching Materials Education Reference Services Records are specialists have developed low-cost available for research purposes in documentary teaching materials for reading rooms at the National Archives classroom use. Each kit deals with an building, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue historical event or theme and includes NW., Washington, DC (phone, 202– document facsimiles and teaching aids. 501–5400); at the National Archives at For further information, contact the College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, Education Staff. Phone, 202–501–6729. College Park, MD (phone, 301–713– Tours Individuals or groups may 6800); and at each Presidential library request general or specialty tours behind and regional records services facility that the scenes at the National Archives holds archival records (see listings in the building. Tours are given by reservation preceding text). Written requests for only, and individuals are requested to information may be sent to any of these make reservations at least 3 weeks in units. All requests for information and advance. Tours are given at 10:15 a.m. records may be addressed to NARA, or 1:15 p.m., Monday through Friday. Archives II, User Services Branch, Room Tours of the National Archives at 2400, 8601 Adelphi Rd, College Park, College Park, MD, may also be MD 20470–6001. Phone, 301–713– arranged. Contact the Volunteer Office 6800. E-mail, [email protected]. between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday The Nixon Presidential Materials Staff through Friday. Phone, 202–501–5205. is located at the National Archives at Volunteer Service Opportunities A College Park, Room 1320. Some Nixon wide variety of opportunities is available materials are available for public for volunteers. At the National Archives inspection, but researchers are advised building and the National Archives at to contact the staff in advance to College Park, MD, volunteers conduct ascertain the availability of materials tours, provide information in the before visiting the facility. Phone, 301– Exhibition Hall, work with staff archivists 713–6950. in processing historic documents, and Speakers and Presentations Community serve as genealogical aides in the and school outreach programs are genealogical orientation room. For presented upon request. Interested further information, call 202–501–5205. groups in the Washington, DC, area Similar opportunities exist in the should call 202–501–5205. Groups Presidential libraries and at the regional outside the Washington, DC, area should records services facilities that house contact the regional records services archival records.

For further information, write or visit the National Archives and Records Administration, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20408–0001. Phone, 202–501–5400. E-mail, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.nara.gov/. NATIONAL CAPITAL PLANNING COMMISSION 597

NATIONAL CAPITAL PLANNING COMMISSION Suite 301, 801 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20576 Phone, 202–482–7200

Chairman HARVEY B. GANTT Members ARRINGTON DIXON, PATRICIA ELWOOD, ROBERT A. GAINES,M ARGARET G. VANDERHYE Ex Officio: (Secretary of the Interior) BRUCE BABBITT (Secretary of Defense) WILLIAM S. COHEN (Administrator of General Services) DAVID J. BARRAM, Acting (Chairman, Senate Committee on FRED THOMPSON Governmental Affairs) (Chairman, Committee on Government DAN BURTON Reform and Oversight) (Mayor of the District of Columbia) MARION S. BARRY, JR. (Chairman, Council of the District of (VACANCY) Columbia) Staff: Executive Director REGINALD W. GRIFFITH Executive Assistant PRISCILLA A. BROWN Deputy Executive Director (VACANCY) Director for Intergovernmental and Public DAVID JULYAN Affairs Executive Officer CONNIE M. HARSHAW General Counsel SANDRA H. SHAPIRO Secretariat RAE N. ALLEN Director, Long-Range Planning Division J.M. DUGAN Director, Technical Planning Services RONALD E. WILSON Division Director, Planning, Review, and GEORGE V. EVANS, JR., Acting Implementation Division Director, Planning, Information, and DAVID NYSTROM Technology Division [For the National Capital Planning Commission statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 1, Part 456.2]

The National Capital Planning Commission is the central agency for conducting planning and development activities for Federal lands and facilities in the National Capital region. The region includes the District of Columbia and all land areas within the boundaries of Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties in Maryland and Fairfax, Loudoun, Prince William, and Arlington Counties in Virginia.

The National Capital Planning 1952, under the National Capital Commission was established as a park Planning Act, the Commission was planning agency by act of June 6, 1924, designated the central planning agency as amended (40 U.S.C. 71 et seq.). Two for the Federal and District of Columbia years later its role was expanded to governments. include comprehensive planning. In 598 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL DATABASES USERS (BOTH INSIDE AND OUTSIDE NCPC) PLANNING INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY BASED INFO SYSTEM AND TECHNOLOGY DIVISION NETWORKED SYSTEM OF COMPUTERS SOFTWARE, DIGITIZED MAPS, AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS OF MULTIPLE OFFICE OF SECRETARIAT OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATION PLANS PROGRAM PLANNING REVIEW ANDFEDERAL AND DISTRICT MASTER PLANS IMPLEMENTATION DIVISION FEDERAL AND DISTRICT PROJECT PLANS LOCAL SECTOR PLANS AND MASTER FEDERAL CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS URBAN RENEWAL PLANS OFFICE OF CHAIRMAN COMMISSION OFFICE OF THE PLANNING OPERATIONS EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR TECHNICAL PLANNINGDESIGN REVIEW ENVIRONMENT/ENERGY TRANSPORTATION SERVICES DIVISION HISTORIC PRESERVATION ZONING MAPPING/DRAFTING SERVICES NATIONAL CAPITAL PLANNING COMMISSION CAPITAL NATIONAL AND PUBLIC LEGAL OFFICE AFFAIRS OFFICE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PLANS (REVIEW) LONG-RANGE PLANNING DIVISION COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FEDERAL SECTOR PLANS URBAN DESIGN STUDIES AND PLANS GENERAL STATE, REGIONAL, AND LOCAL 2050 MONUMENTAL CORE NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION 599

In 1973, the National Capital Planning Three citizen members, including the Act was amended by the District of Chairman, are appointed by the Columbia Home Rule Act, which made President and two by the mayor of the the Mayor of the District of Columbia District of Columbia. Presidential the chief planner for the District; appointees include one resident each however, the Commission continues to from Maryland and Virginia and one serve as the central planning agency for the Federal Government in the National from anywhere in the United States; Capital region. however, the two mayoral appointees The Commission is composed of five must be District of Columbia residents. appointed and seven ex officio members.

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Officer, National Capital Planning Commission, Suite 301, 801 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20576. Phone, 202–482–7200. Fax, 202–482–7272.

NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION 1775 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314–3428 Phone, 703–518–6300

Chairman NORMAN E. D’AMOURS Vice Chairman SHIRLEE BOWNE´ Member of the Board YOLANDA TOWNSEND WHEAT Executive Director KARL HOYLE Secretary to the Board BECKY BAKER Executive Assistant to the Chairman W. ROBERT HALL Executive Assistant to the Vice Chairman JOHN BUTLER Executive Assistant to the Board Member MARGARET BROADAWAY General Counsel ROBERT FENNER Director, Public and Congressional Affairs ROBERT E. LOFTUS Director, Office of Examination and Insurance DAVID M. MARQUIS Inspector General H. FRANK THOMAS Chief Financial Officer DENNIS WINANS Director, Office of Community Development JOYCE JACKSON and Low-Income Credit Unions Director, Office of Investment Services EDWARD DUPCAK Director, Office of Technology and Information DOUG VERNER Systems Director, Office of Administration JAMES L. BAYLEN Director, Office of Human Resources DOROTHY FOSTER Director, Office of Training and Development ROBERT POMPA Director, Office of Corporate Credit Unions ROBERT F. SCHAFER, Acting [For the National Credit Union Administration statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 12, Part 720]

The National Credit Union Administration Board is responsible for chartering, insuring, supervising, and examining Federal credit unions and administering the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund. The Board also administers the Community Development Revolving Loan Fund and manages the Central Liquidity Facility, a mixed-ownership Government corporation whose purpose is to supply emergency loans to member credit unions. 600 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The National Credit Union identify emerging problems as well as to Administration was established by act of monitor operations between March 10, 1970 (12 U.S.C. 1752), and examinations. reorganized by act of November 10, Examinations The Administration 1978 (12 U.S.C. 226), as an independent conducts annual examinations of Federal agency in the executive branch of the credit unions to determine their solvency Federal Government. It regulates and and compliance with laws and insures all Federal credit unions and regulations and to assist credit union insures State-chartered credit unions that management and operations. apply and qualify for share insurance. For further information, contact the Director, Office of Examination and Insurance. Phone, 703– Activities 518–6360. Chartering The Administration’s Board grants Federal credit union charters to Share Insurance The act of October groups sharing a common bond of 19, 1970 (12 U.S.C. 1781 et seq.), occupation or association, or groups provides for a program of share within a well-defined neighborhood, insurance. The insurance is mandatory community, or rural district. A for Federal credit unions and for State- preliminary investigation is made to chartered credit unions in many States determine if certain minimum standards and is optional for other State-chartered are met before granting a Federal credit unions that meet Administration charter. standards. Credit union members’ accounts are insured up to $100,000. For further information, contact the appropriate The National Credit Union Share regional office listed in the table below. Insurance Fund requires each insured Supervision Supervisory activities are credit union to place and maintain a 1- carried out through annual examiner percent deposit of its insured savings contacts and through periodic policy and with the Fund. regulatory releases from the For further information, contact the Director, Administration. The Administration also Office of Examination and Insurance. Phone, 703– maintains a warning system designed to 518–6360. Regional OfficesÐNational Credit Union Administration

Region Address Director Telephone Fax

Albany, NYÐCT, MA, 9 Washington Sq., Washington Ave. Layne L. Bumgardner 518±464±4180 518±464±4195 ME, NH, NY, RI, VT Ext., 12205 CapitalÐDC, DE, MD, Suite 4206, 1775 Duke St., Alexan- Jane Walters 703±838±0401 703±838±0571 NJ, PA, VA, WV dria, VA 22314 Atlanta, GAÐAL, AR, Suite 1600, 7000 Central Pkwy., H. Allen Carver 770±396±4042 770±698±8211 FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, 30328 NC, PR, SC, TN, VI Chicago, ILÐIL, IN, MI, Suite 155, 4225 Naperville Rd., Lisle, Nicholas Veghts 708±245±1000 708±245±1016 MO, OH, WI 60532±3658 Austin, TXÐAZ, CO, IA, Suite 5200, 4807 Spicewood Springs Phillip R. Crider 512±349±4500 512±349±4511 KS, MN, ND, NE, NM, Rd., 78759±8490 OK, SD, TX, UT, WY PacificÐAK, AS, CA, Suite 1350, 2300 Clayton Rd., Con- Daniel L. Murphy 510±825±6125 510±486±3729 GU, HI, ID, MT, NV, cord, CA 94520 OR, WA

Sources of Information regulations. Complaints should be sent directly to the appropriate regional Consumer Complaints The office. Administration investigates the Employment Inquiries and applications complaints of members who are unable for employment should be directed to to resolve problems with their Federal the Office of Human Resources, credit union when these problems relate National Credit Union Administration, to a possible violation of the Federal Credit Union Act or consumer protection NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES 601

1775 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA Publications A listing and copies of 22314–3428. NCUA publications are available from Federally Insured Credit Unions A list NCUA, Publications, 1775 Duke Street, of federally insured credit union names, Alexandria, VA 22314–3428. Phone, addresses, asset levels, and number of 703–518–6340. Publications are also members is available for review at available electronically through the NCUA’s Alexandria and regional offices. Internet, at http://www.ncua.gov/. Copies of the listing are available at a Starting a Federal Credit Union nominal fee from NCUA, Publications, Groups interested in forming a Federal 1775 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA credit union may obtain free information 22314–3428. Phone, 703–518–6340. by writing to the appropriate regional office.

For further information concerning the National Credit Union Administration, contact the Office of Public and Congressional Affairs, National Credit Union Administration, 1775 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314– 3428. Phone, 703–518–6330. Internet, http://www.ncua.gov/.

NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20506–0001 Phone, 202–682–5400

Chairman JANE ALEXANDER Chief of Staff ALEXANDER CRARY Congressional Liaison DICK WOODRUFF General Counsel KAREN CHRISTENSEN Inspector General ED JOHNS Deputy Chairman for Grants and Partnership SCOTT SHANKLIN-PETERSON Deputy Chairman for Management and Budget ANA M. STEELE Director, Enterprise Development SUSAN CLAMPITT Director, Office of Communications CHERIE SIMON Director, Policy, Research, and Technology OLIVE MOSIER Director, Guidelines and Panel Operations A.B. SPELLMAN Director of Administration LARRY BADEN Budget Officer RON FINCMAN Finance Officer MARVIN MARKS Contracts and Grants Officer DONNA DIRICCO Administrative Services Officer MURRAY WELSH Director, Office of Human Resources MAXINE JEFFERSON Coordinator, Creation and Presentation JENNIFER DOWLEY Division Coordinator, Education and Access Division PATRICE POWELL Coordinator, Heritage and Preservation GIGI BRADFORD Division Coordinator, Partnership, Planning, and ED DICKEY Stabilization Division Director, Civil Rights ANGELIA RICHARDSON Director, Information Management ANDREA FOWLER, Acting Council Coordinator YVONNE SABINE 602 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20506 Phone, 202–606–8400

Chairman SHELDON HACKNEY Deputy Chairman JUAN MESTAS General Counsel MICHAEL SHAPIRO Director of Congressional Liaison ANN S. YOUNG ORR Director, Office of Planning and Budget STEPHEN F. CHERRINGTON Director, Office of Communications Policy GARY KRULL Director, Federal/State Partnership EDITH MANZA Director, Division of Research and JAMES HERBERT Education Director, Division of Public Programs NANCY ROGERS Director, Division of Preservation and GEORGE FARR Access Director, Office of Challenge Grants STEPHEN M. ROSS Accounting Officer MILA PADUA, Acting Administrative Services Officer BARRY MAYNES IRM Systems Officer GILLIAN HEAGY, Acting Equal Employment Opportunity Officer WILLIE MCGHEE Grants Officer DAVID WALLACE Director, Office of Human Resources TIMOTHY G. CONNELLY Inspector General SHELDON BERNSTEIN

INSTITUTE OF MUSEUM AND LIBRARY SERVICES Room 510, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20506 Phone, 202–606–8536

Director DIANE B. FRANKEL Director, Policy, Planning, and Budget LINDA BELL Director, Legislative and Public Affairs MAMIE BITTNER Museum Program Director REBECCA DANVERS Library Program Director ROBERT KLASSEN Deputy Program Director MARY ESTELLE KENNELLY [For the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 45, Part 1100]

The National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities encourages and supports national progress in the humanities and the arts.

The National Foundation on the Arts and members appointed by the President, the Humanities was created as an which advises the Chairman with respect independent agency by the National to policies, programs, and procedures, in Foundation on the Arts and the addition to reviewing and making Humanities Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 951). recommendations on applications for The Foundation consists of the National financial support. Endowment for the Arts, the National The Federal Council on the Arts and Endowment for the Humanities, the the Humanities consists of 20 members, Federal Council on the Arts and the including the two Endowment Chairmen Humanities, and the Institute of Museum and the Director of the Institute of and Library Services. Each Endowment Museum and Library Services, and is has its own Council, composed of the designed to coordinate the activities of Endowment Chairman and 26 other the two Endowments and related NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES 603 programs of other Federal agencies. Four under the Arts and Artifacts Indemnity members are excluded from the Federal Act (20 U.S.C. 971). Council when it is considering matters

National Endowment for the Arts The National Endowment for the Arts supports the visual, literary, and performing arts to benefit all Americans by fostering artistic excellence, preserving and transmitting our diverse cultural heritage, making the arts more accessible to all Americans, and making the arts intrinsic to education.

The Arts Endowment serves as a catalyst Education and Access, Heritage and to increase opportunities for artists and Preservation, Planning and Stabilization, resources for arts organizations. It and partnerships with State and regional promotes involvement in the arts by arts agencies. citizens, public and private nonprofit organizations, and States and local Sources of Information communities. The Endowment awards Grants Persons interested in applying grants to nonprofit arts organizations in for a grant in the arts should contact the support of outstanding projects; provides appropriate program at the National fellowships to exceptionally talented Endowment for the Arts by calling 202– American artists in selected fields; works 682–5400 for further information. to expand the Nation’s artistic resources Publications A report of the National and promote preservation of the Endowment for the Arts is issued country’s cultural heritage; and funds annually and may be obtained from the projects whose goal is to educate, Superintendent of Documents, formally or informally, both children and Government Printing Office, adults in the arts. The Endowment also Washington, DC 20402. disburses funds to State arts agencies and Information for prospective applicants local and regional organizations in order may be obtained by requesting the to promote broad dissemination of the publication entitled National Endowment arts across America. Its grantmaking is for the Arts: A New Look. Contact the conducted through the following National Endowment for the Arts, divisions: Creation and Presentation, Washington, DC 20506–0001.

For further information, contact the Public Information Office, National Endowment for the Arts, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20506–0001. Phone, 202–682–5400.

National Endowment for the Humanities The National Endowment for the Humanities is an independent, grantmaking agency established by Congress in 1965 to support research, education, and public programs in the humanities.

According to the agency’s authorizing ethics; the history, criticism, and theory legislation, the term ‘‘humanities’’ of the arts; and those aspects of the includes, but is not limited to, the study social sciences that employ historical or of the following: language, both modern philosophical approaches. and classical; linguistics; literature; The Endowment makes grants to history; jurisprudence; philosophy; individuals, groups, or institutions— archaeology; comparative religion; schools, colleges, universities, museums, 604 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES

OFFICE OF OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL LIAISON CHAIRMAN INSPECTOR GENERAL

OFFICE OF OFFICE OF PLANNING GENERAL COUNSEL AND BUDGET

FEDERAL-STATE DEPUTY CHAIRMAN OFFICE OF PUBLICATIONS PARTNERSHIP AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS

DIVISION OF RESEARCH ACCOUNTING OFFICE AND EDUCATION

ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES DIVISION OF PRESERVATION OFFICE AND ACCESS

DIVISION OF PUBLIC GRANTS OFFICE PROGRAMS

OFFICE OF INFORMATION OFFICE OF RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE GRANTS

NEH LIBRARY

OFFICE OF HUMAN RESOURCES NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES 605 public television stations, libraries, which they then re-grant to support public agencies, and nonprofit private humanities programs at the local level. groups—to increase understanding and For further information, call 202–606–8254. appreciation of the humanities. Its grant- making is conducted through three Challenge Grants Nonprofit institutions operating divisions—Research and interested in developing new sources of Education, Public Programs, and long-term support for educational, Preservation and Access, and through scholarly, preservation, and public the Federal/State Partnership and the programs in the humanities may be assisted in these efforts by a challenge Office of Challenge Grants. grant. Research and Education Through grants to educational institutions, For further information, call 202–606–8309. fellowships to scholars and teachers, and through the support of significant Sources of Information research, this division is designed to strengthen sustained, thoughtful study of Employment For employment the humanities at all levels of education information, contact the NEH Job Line. and promote original research in the Phone, 202–606–8281. humanities. Grants Those interested in applying for a grant in the humanities should request For further information, call 202–606–8200. information, guidelines, and application Public Programs This division strives to forms from the Endowment’s Public fulfill the Endowment’s mandate ‘‘to Information Office, Room 402, 1100 increase public understanding of the Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, humanities’’ by supporting those DC 20506. Phone, 202–606–8400. institutions and organizations that Publications The annual report of the develop and present humanities National Endowment for the Humanities programming for general audiences. may be obtained from the Endowment’s Public Information Office, Room 402, For further information, call 202–606–8267. 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Preservation and Access This division Washington, DC 20506. Phone, 202– supports projects that will create, 606–8400. preserve, and increase the availability of Overview of Endowment Programs, resources important for research, which contains information for education, and public programming in prospective applicants, may be obtained the humanities. by writing to the Public Information Office, at the address given above. For further information, call 202–606–8570. Humanities, a bimonthly review of Federal/State Partnership Humanities issues in the humanities published by the committees in each of the 50 States, the Endowment, is available by subscription Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, the District ($15 domestic, $18.75 foreign) through of Columbia, the Northern Mariana the Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Islands, American Samoa, and Guam Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250– receive grants from the Endowment, 7954.

For further information, contact the Public Information Office, National Endowment for the Humanities, Room 402, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20506. Phone, 202–606–8400. E-mail, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.neh.fed.us/. 606 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL Institute of Museum and Library Services The Institute of Museum and Library Services is an independent, grant-making agency which assists museums and libraries in maintaining, increasing, and improving their services to the public.

The Institute of Museum and Library as well as historic houses, zoos and Services was established within the aquariums, botanical gardens and National Foundation on the Arts and the arboretums, nature centers, and Humanities by the Museum and Library planetariums. Services Act of September 30, 1996 (110 The Institute currently makes grants in Stat. 3009–293), which amended the seven categories: general operating Museum Services Act (20 U.S.C. 961 et support, conservation project support, seq.). The Institute combines museum assessment, conservation administration of Federal museum assessment, professional services, programs formerly carried out by the technical assistance, and museum Institute of Museum Services and Federal leadership initiatives. library programs formerly carried out by General operating support grants are the Department of Education. The 2-year competitive awards that maintain Institute’s Director is appointed by the or improve the operations of museums. President with the advice and consent of Conservation project support grants the Senate and is authorized to make are annual competitive awards, for grants to museums and libraries. The projects lasting up to 2 years, that Director receives policy advice on provide funds for various conservation museum programs from the National efforts. Museum Services Board, which is Museum assessment grants are one- comprised of 14 Presidentially appointed time awards made to museums to members and the Director. The Director provide for an independent, professional receives policy advice on library assessment of their programs and programs from the National Commission operations. on Library and Information Sciences, a Conservation assessment grants are 15-member independent commission one-time awards made to museums to which advises the President and the assess the condition of their environment Congress on library sciences. The and collections in order to identify Director is an ex officio member of the conservation needs and priorities. National Commission on Library and Professional services grants provide Information Sciences. funding to national, regional, State, or The Institute provides State grants for local private, nonprofit professional library programs for two key priorities: museum organizations and associations information access through technology for proposals designed to strengthen and information empowerment through museum services. special services. It also provides grants to Technical assistance grants provide Indian tribes and National funds to small, emerging minority and Demonstration Awards. rural museums for training and other The Institute awards museum grants implementation activities. on a competitive basis to support the Museum leadership initiative grants efforts of museums to conserve the support partnerships between museums Nation’s historic, scientific, and cultural and other community organizations. heritage; to maintain and expand their educational role; and to ease the financial burden borne by museums as a Sources of Information result of their increasing use by the Grants, Contracts, and Cooperative public. The Institute awards grants to all Agreements Those interested in types of museums, including but not applying for Institute of Museum and limited to art, history, general, children’s, Library Services funding should contact natural history, science and technology, the Program Office, Institute of Museum NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 607 and Library Services, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20506. Phone, 202–606–8539.

For further information, contact the Program Director, Institute of Museum and Library Services, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20506. Phone, 202–606–8539.

NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 1099 Fourteenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20570 Phone, 202–273–1000. TDD, 202–273–4300

Chairman WILLIAM B. GOULD IV Members SARAH M. FOX, JOHN E. HIGGINS, JR., (2 VACANCIES) Executive Secretary JOHN J. TONER Solicitor JEFFREY D. WEDEKIND, Acting Inspector General ROBERT E. ALLEN, Acting Director, Division of Information DAVID B. PARKER Chief Administrative Law Judge ROBERT A. GIANNASI General Counsel FRED L. FEINSTEIN Deputy General Counsel MARY JOYCE CARLSON Associate General Counsel, Division of BARRY J. KEARNEY Advice Associate General Counsel, Division of LINDA R. SHER Enforcement Litigation Associate General Counsel, Division of RICHARD SIEGEL, Acting Operations-Management Director, Division of Administration GLORIA J. JOSEPH Director, Equal Employment Opportunity BARBARA T. GAINEY [For the National Labor Relations Board statement of organization, see the Federal Register of June 14, 1979, 44 FR 34215]

The National Labor Relations Board administers the Nation’s principal labor law, the National Labor Relations Act. The Board is vested with the power to prevent and remedy unfair labor practices committed by private sector employers and unions and to safeguard employees’ rights to organize and determine, through secret ballot elections, whether to have unions as their bargaining representative.

The National Labor Relations Board prohibits certain unfair labor practices by (NLRB) is an independent agency employers and labor organizations or created by the National Labor Relations their agents. It authorizes the Board to Act of 1935 (Wagner Act) (29 U.S.C. designate appropriate units for collective 167), as amended by acts of 1947 (Taft- bargaining and to conduct secret ballot Hartley Act), 1959 (Landrum-Griffin Act), elections to determine whether and 1974 (Health Care Amendments). employees desire representation by a The act affirms the right of employees labor organization. to self-organization and collective As of July 1, 1971, the Postal bargaining through representatives of Reorganization Act (39 U.S.C. note prec. their own choosing, to engage in other 101) conferred jurisdiction upon the protected, concerted activities, or to Board over unfair labor practice charges refrain from such activities. The act and representation elections affecting 608 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

U.S. Postal Service employees. As of petition district courts for injunctions to August 25, 1974, jurisdiction over all prevent or remedy unfair labor practices. privately operated health care institutions The regional directors direct hearings in was conferred on the Board by an representation cases; conduct elections amendment to the act (29 U.S.C. 152 et pursuant to the agreement of the parties seq.). or the decision-making authority delegated to them by the Board or Activities pursuant to Board directions; and issue Under the act, NLRB has two principal certifications of representatives when functions: preventing and remedying unions win or certify the results when unfair labor practices by employers and unions lose employee elections. They labor organizations or their agents; and process petitions for bargaining unit conducting secret ballot elections among clarification, for amendment of employees in appropriate collective- certification, and for rescission of a labor bargaining units to determine whether or organization’s authority to make a not they desire to be represented by a union-shop agreement. They also labor organization in bargaining with conduct national emergency employee employers about their wages, hours, and referendums. working conditions. The agency also The Board can act only when it is conducts secret ballot elections among formally requested to do so. Individuals, employees who have been covered by a employers, or unions may initiate cases union-security agreement to determine by filing charges of unfair labor practices whether or not they wish to revoke their or petitions for employee representation union’s authority to make such elections with the Board field offices agreements. In jurisdictional disputes serving the area where the case arises. between two or more unions, the Board In the event that a regional director determines which competing group of declines to proceed on a representation workers is entitled to perform the work petition, the party filing the petition may involved. appeal to the Board. When a regional Two major, separate components director declines to proceed on an unfair comprise NLRB. The Board itself has five labor practice charge, the charging party members appointed by the President and may appeal to the General Counsel. primarily acts as a quasi-judicial body in deciding cases on the basis of formal For details concerning filing such records in administrative proceedings. appeals with those Washington, DC, The General Counsel, also appointed by offices, parties may contact the field the President, is independent from the office most convenient to them. Field Board. office addresses and telephone numbers Under the general supervision of the are listed below. General Counsel, 33 regional directors Administrative law judges conduct and their staffs process representation, hearings in unfair labor practice cases, unfair labor practice, and jurisdictional make findings of fact and conclusions of dispute cases. (Some regions have law, and recommend remedies for subregional or resident offices.) They violations found. Their decisions can be issue complaints in unfair labor practice appealed to the Board for a final agency cases; seek settlement of unfair labor determination. The Board’s decisions are practice charges; obtain compliance with subject to review in the U.S. courts of Board orders and court judgments; and appeals. Field OfficesÐNational Labor Relations Board (HQ: Headquarters; RO: Rexsident office; SR: Subregion)

Office/Address Director Telephone Fax

Region 1, 6th Fl., 10 Causeway St., Boston, MA 02222±1072 .... Rosemary Pye 617±565±6700 617±565±6725 Region 2, Rm. 3614, 26 Federal Plz., New York, NY 10278± Daniel Silverman 212±264±0300 212±264±8427 0104. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 609

Field OfficesÐNational Labor Relations Board—Continued (HQ: Headquarters; RO: Rexsident office; SR: Subregion)

Office/Address Director Telephone Fax

Region 3 Sandra Dunbar Rm. 901, 111 W. Huron St., Buffalo, NY 14202±2387 (HQ) ...... 716±551±4931 716±551±4972 Rm. 342, Clinton Ave. at N. Pearl St., Albany, NY 12207±2350 518±431±4155 518±431±4157 (RO). Region 4, 7th Fl., 615 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19106± (Vacancy) 215±597±7601 215±597±7658 4404. Region 5 Louis J. D'Amico 8th Fl., 103 S. Gay St., Baltimore, MD 21202±4026 (HQ) ...... 410±962±2822 410±962±2198 Suite 5530, 1099 14th St., Washington, DC 20570±0001 (RO) ... 202±208±3000 202±208±3013 Region 6, Rm. 1501, 1000 Liberty Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15222± Gerald Kobell 412±644±2977 412±644±5986 4173. Region 7 William C. Schaub, Jr. Rm. 300, 477 Michigan Ave., Detroit, MI 48226±2569 (HQ) ...... 313±226±3200 313±226±2090 Rm. 330, 82 Ionia NW., Grand Rapids, MI 49503±3022 (RO) ...... 616±456±2679 616±456±2596 Region 8, Rm. 1695, 1240 E. 9th St., Cleveland, OH 44199± Frederick Calatrello 216±522±3715 216±522±2418 2086. Region 9, Rm. 3003, 550 Main St., Cincinnati, OH 45202±3721 Richard L. Ahearn 513±684±3686 513±684±3946 Region 10 Martin M. Arlook Suite 2400, 101 Marietta St. NW., Atlanta, GA 30323±3301 (HQ) 404±331±2896 404±331±2858 3d Fl., 1900 3d Ave. N., Birmingham, AL 35203±3502 (RO) ...... 205±731±1062 205±731±0955 Region 11, Suite 200, 4035 University Pkwy., Winston-Salem, Willie L. Clark, Jr. 910±631±5201 910±631±5210 NC 27106±3325. Region 12 Rochelle Kentov Suite 530, 201 E. Kennedy Blvd., Tampa, FL 33602±5824 (HQ) 813±228±2641 813±228±2874 Rm. 214, 400 W. Bay St., Jacksonville, FL 32202±4412 (RO) ..... 904±232±3768 904±232±3146 Rm. 1320, 51 SW. 1st Ave., Miami, FL 33130±1608 (RO) ...... 305±536±5391 305±536±5320 Region 13, Suite 800, 200 W. Adams St., Chicago, IL 60606± Elizabeth Kinney 312±353±7570 312±886±1341 5208. Region 14, Suite 400, 611 N. 10th St., St. Louis, MO 63101± Ralph R. Tremain 314±425±4167 314±539±7794 1214. Region 15, Rm. 610, 1515 Poydras St., New Orleans, LA Curtis A. Wells 504±589±6361 504±589±4069 70112±3723. Region 16 Michael Dunn Rm. 8A24, 819 Taylor St., Fort Worth, TX 76102±6178 (HQ) ...... 817±978±2921 817±978±2928 Suite 550, 440 Louisiana St., Houston, TX 77002±2649 (RO) ..... 713±718±4622 713±718±4640 Rm. 565, 615 E. Houston St., San Antonio, TX 78206±2040 210±229±6140 210±472±6143 (RO). Region 17 F. Rozier Sharp Suite 100, 8600 Farley St., Overland Park, KS 66212±4677 (HQ) 913±967±3000 913±967±3010 Suite 990, 111 W. 5th St., Tulsa, OK 74127±8916 (RO) ...... 918±581±7951 918±581±7970 Region 18 Ronald M. Sharp Rm. 316, 110 S. 4th St., Minneapolis, MN 55401±2291 (HQ) ...... 612±348±1757 612±348±1785 Rm. 909, 210 Walnut St., Des Moines, IA 50309±2116 (RO) ...... 515±284±4391 515±284±4713 Region 19 (Vacancy) Rm. 2948, 915 2d Ave., Seattle, WA 98174±1078 (HQ) ...... 206±220±6300 206±220±6305 No. 21, 222 W. 7th Ave., Anchorage, AK 99513±3546 (RO) ...... 907±271±5015 907±271±3055 Rm. 401, 222 SW. Columbia St., Portland, OR 97201±6604 (SR 503±326±3085 503±326±5387 36). Region 20 Robert H. Miller Suite 400, 901 Market St., San Francisco, CA 94103±1735 (HQ) 415±356±5206 415±356±5156 Rm. 7318, 300 Ala Moana Blvd., Honolulu, HI 96850±4980 (SR 808±541±2814 808±541±2818 37). Region 21 Victoria E. Aguayo 9th Fl., 888 S. Figueroa St., Los Angeles, CA 90017±5455 (HQ) 213±894±5200 213±894±2778 Suite 302, 555 W. Beech St., San Diego, CA 92101±2939 (RO) 619±557±6184 619±557±6358 Region 22, Rm. 1600, 970 Broad St., Newark, NJ 07102±2570 .. William A. Pascarell 201±645±2100 201±645±3852 Region 24, Suite 1002, 525 F.D. Roosevelt Ave., Hato Rey, PR Mary Zelma Asseo 787±766±5347 787±766±5478 00918±1720. Region 25, Rm. 238, 575 N. Pennsylvania St., Indianapolis, IN Roberto G. Chavarry 317±269±7430 317±226±5103 46204±1577. Region 26 Gerald P. Fleischut Suite 800, 1407 Union Ave., Memphis, TN 38104±3627 (HQ) ..... 901±544±0018 901±544±0008 Suite 375, 425 W. Capitol Ave., Little Rock, AR 72201±3489 501±324±6311 501±324±5009 (RO). Rm. 716, 801 Broadway, Nashville, TN 37203±3816 (RO) ...... 615±736±5921 615±736±7761 Region 27, 3d Fl. S. Twr., 600 17th St., Denver, CO 80202± B. Allan Benson 303±844±3551 303±844±6249 5433. Region 28 Cornele A. Overstreet Suite 440, 234 N. Central Ave., Phoenix, AZ 85004±2212 (HQ) .. 602±379±3361 602±379±4982 Suite 1820, 505 Marquette Ave. NW., Albuquerque, NM 87102± 505±248±5125 505±248±5134 2181 (RO). P.O. Box 23159, El Paso, TX 79923 (RO) ...... 915±565±2470 915±565±0847 Suite 400, 600 Las Vegas Blvd. S., Las Vegas, NV 89101±6637 702±388±6416 702±388±6248 (RO). 610 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Field OfficesÐNational Labor Relations Board—Continued (HQ: Headquarters; RO: Rexsident office; SR: Subregion)

Office/Address Director Telephone Fax

Region 29, 10th Fl., Jay St. and Myrtle Ave., Brooklyn, NY Alvin P. Blyer 718±330±7713 718±330±7579 11201±4201. Region 30, Suite 700, 310 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WI Philip E. Bloedorn 414±297±3861 414±297±3880 53203±2211. Region 31, Rm. 12100, 11000 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA James J. McDermott 310±235±7352 310±235±7420 90024±3682. Region 32, Rm. 300N, 1301 Clay St., Oakland, CA 94612±5211 James S. Scott 510±637±3300 510±637±3315 Region 33, Suite 200, 300 Hamilton Blvd., Peoria, IL 61602± Glenn A. Zipp 309±671±7080 309±671±7095 1246. Region 34, 21st Fl., One Commercial Plz., Hartford, CT 06103± Peter B. Hoffman 860±240±3522 860±240±3564 3599.

Sources of Information informational leaflets in limited quantities: The National Labor Relations Contracts Prospective suppliers of Board and YOU (Unfair Labor Practices), goods and services may inquire about The National Labor Relations Board and agency procurement and contracting YOU (Representation Cases), Your practices by writing to the Chief, Government Conducts an Election for Procurement and Facilities Branch, You on the Job, and The National Labor National Labor Relations Board, Relations Board—What It Is, What It Washington, DC 20570. Phone, 202– Does. The Superintendent of Documents, 273–4040. Government Printing Office, Electronic Access Information about Washington, DC 20402, sells A Guide to the Board’s programs and activities is Basic Law and Procedures Under the available electronically through the NLRA, the Annual Report, the Classified Internet, at http://www.nlrb.gov/. Index of National Labor Relations Board Employment The Board appoints Decisions and Related Court Decisions, administrative law judges from a register volumes of Board decisions, and a established by the Office of Personnel number of subscription services, Management. The agency hires including the NLRB Casehandling attorneys, stenographers, and typists for Manual (in three parts), the Weekly all its offices; field examiners for its field Summary of NLRB Cases, the NLRB offices; and administrative personnel for Election Report, and An Outline of Law its Washington office. Inquiries regarding and Procedure in Representation Cases. college and law school recruiting Speakers To give the public and programs should be directed to the persons appearing before the agency a nearest regional office. Employment better understanding of the National inquiries and applications may be sent to Labor Relations Act and the Board’s any regional office or the Washington policies, procedures, and services, personnel office. Washington and regional office Publications Anyone desiring to inspect personnel participate as speakers or formal case documents or read agency panel members before bar associations, publications may use facilities of the labor, educational, civic, or management Washington or field offices. The agency organizations, and other groups. will assist in arranging reproduction of Requests for speakers or panelists may documents and order transcripts of be made to Washington officials or to hearings. The Board’s offices offer free the appropriate regional director.

For further information, contact the Information Division, National Labor Relations Board, 1099 Fourteenth Street NW., Washington, DC 20570. Phone, 202–273–1991. Internet, http://www.nlrb.gov/. NATIONAL MEDIATION BOARD 611

NATIONAL MEDIATION BOARD Suite 250 East, 1301 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20572 Phone, 202–523–5920

Chairman ERNEST W. DUBESTER Members KENNETH B. HIPP, MAGDALENA G. JACOBSEN Chief of Staff STEPHEN E. CRABLE Senior Mediators JOHN BAVIS, JEFF MACDONALD General Counsel RONALD M. ETTERS Senior Hearing Officers MARY L. JOHNSON, JOYCE M. KLEIN,R OLAND WATKINS Director, Development and Technical Services JAMES ARMSHAW Senior Research Analyst DONALD L. WEST Records Officer REBA STREAKER Staff Coordinator/Arbitration PRISCILLA ZEIGLER Chief Financial Officer JUNE KING

National Railroad Adjustment Board Room 944, 844 North Rush Street, Chicago, IL 60611–2092 Phone, 312–751–4688

The National Mediation Board, in carrying out the provisions of the Railway Labor Act, assists in maintaining a free flow of commerce in the railroad and airline industries by resolving disputes that could disrupt travel or imperil the economy. The Board also handles railroad and airline employee representation disputes, and provides administrative and financial support in adjusting minor grievances in the railroad industry under section 153 of the Railway Labor Act.

The National Mediation Board was and consists of an equal number of created on June 21, 1934, by an act representatives of the carriers and of amending the Railway Labor Act, as national organizations of employees. In amended (45 U.S.C. 151–158, 160–162, deadlocked cases the National 1181–1188). Mediation Board is authorized to appoint The Board’s major responsibilities a referee to sit with the members of the include the mediation of disputes over division for the purpose of making an wages, hours, and working conditions award. that arise between rail and air carriers In the airline industry no national and organizations representing their airline adjustment board has been employees; and the investigation of established for settlement of grievances. representation disputes and certification Over the years the employee of employee organizations as organizations and air carriers with representatives of crafts or classes of established bargaining relationships have carrier employees. agreed to grievance procedures with Disputes arising out of grievances or final jurisdiction resting with a system interpretation or application of board of adjustment. The Board is agreements concerning rates of pay, frequently called upon to name a neutral rules, or working conditions in the referee to serve on a system board when railroad industry are referable to the the parties are deadlocked and cannot National Railroad Adjustment Board. agree on such an appointment This Board is divided into four divisions themselves. 612 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Activities reach agreement through the Board’s mediation efforts and that the labor Mediation Disputes The National dispute, in the judgment of the Board, Mediation Board is charged with threatens substantially to interrupt mediating disputes between carriers and interstate commerce to a degree such as labor organizations relating to initial to deprive any section of the country of contract negotiations or subsequent essential transportation service. In these changes in rates of pay, rules, and cases, the President may, at his working conditions. When the parties discretion, appoint an Emergency Board fail to reach accord in direct bargaining, to investigate and report to him on the either party may request the Board’s dispute. Self-help is barred for 60 days services or the Board may on its own after appointment of the Emergency motion invoke its services. Thereafter, Board. negotiations continue until the Board determines that its efforts to mediate Section 9A of the Railway Labor Act have been unsuccessful, at which time it (45 U.S.C. 159a) provides emergency seeks to induce the parties to submit the dispute procedures covering publicly dispute to arbitration. If either party funded and operated commuter railroads refuses to arbitrate, the Board issues a and their employees. That section notice stating that the parties have failed attempts to resolve contract disputes to resolve their dispute through between the parties through a series of mediation. This notice commences a 30- emergency board procedures with a day cooling-off period after which self- maximum 8-month status quo period. help is normally available to either or Section 9A is invoked only after all other both parties. procedures under the act have been Employee Representation If a dispute exhausted. arises among a carrier’s employees as to who is to be the representative of such Sources of Information employees, it is the Board’s duty to Publications Available for public investigate such dispute and to distribution are the following documents: determine by secret-ballot election or Determinations of the National other appropriate means whether or not Mediation Board (23 volumes); and to whom a representation Interpretations Pursuant to Section 5, certification should be issued. In the Second of the Act (2 volumes); Annual course of making this determination, the Reports of the National Mediation Board Board must determine the craft or class including the Report of the National in which the employees seeking Railroad Adjustment Board; The Railway representation properly belong. Labor Act at Fifty; and The National Additional Duties Additional duties of Mediation Board at Fifty—Its Impact on the Board include the interpretation of Railroad and Airline Labor Disputes. agreements made under its mediatory Reading Room At the Board’s auspices; the appointment of neutral headquarters in Washington, DC, copies referees when requested by the National of collective-bargaining agreements Railroad Adjustment Board; the between labor and management of appointment of neutrals to sit on system various rail and air carriers are available boards and special boards of adjustment; for public inspection, by appointment, and finally, the duty of notifying the during office hours (1 to 4 p.m., Monday President when the parties have failed to through Friday).

For further information, contact the Chief of Staff, National Mediation Board, Suite 250 East, 1301 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20572. Phone, 202–523–5920. Fax, 202–523–1494. NATIONAL RAILROAD PASSENGER CORPORATION 613

NATIONAL RAILROAD PASSENGER CORPORATION (AMTRAK) 60 Massachusetts Avenue NE., Washington, DC 20002 Phone, 202–906–3000

Board of Directors: Chairman THOMAS M. DOWNS Members GOV. THOMAS R. CARPER, DANIEL W. COLLINS, SYLVIA A. DE LEON,C ELESTE P. MCLAIN, ROY M. NEEL, DON J. PEASE, AMY ROSEN Member ex officio (Secretary of Transportation) RODNEY E. SLATER Officers: Chairman, President, and Chief Executive THOMAS M. DOWNS Officer Vice President, Operations ROBERT C. VANDERCLUTE Chief Financial Officer ALFRED S. ALTSCHUL Vice President, Reservations, Communications, ANNE W. HOEY Customer and Employee Satisfaction Corporate Secretary ANNE M. LINNERTZ Vice President, Government Affairs THOMAS J. GILLESPIE, JR. Vice President, Human Resources LORRAINE A. GREEN Vice President, Marketing and Sales RICHARD P. DONNELLY Vice President, Planning and Development RONALD J. HARTMAN President, Amtrak West GILBERT O. MALLERY President, Amtrak Northeast Corridor GEORGE D. WARRINGTON President, Amtrak Intercity MARK S. CANE Vice President and General Counsel DANIELA R. WINKLER [For the National Railroad Passenger Corporation statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 700]

The National Railroad Passenger Corporation was established to develop the potential of modern rail service in meeting the Nation’s intercity passenger transportation needs.

The National Railroad Passenger (representing labor, State Governors, and Corporation (Amtrak) was created by the the business community) are appointed Rail Passenger Service Act of 1970, as by the President with the advice and amended (49 U.S.C. 241), and was consent of the Senate; two members incorporated under the laws of the represent commuter authorities; and two District of Columbia to provide a members are selected by the preferred balanced national transportation system stockholders. The Corporation is by developing, operating, and improving managed by its Chairman/President/Chief U.S. intercity rail passenger service. Executive Officer, along with the chief Amtrak is governed by a nine-member financial officer, seven vice presidents, Board of Directors: The Secretary of and three presidents of strategic business Transportation serves as an ex officio units (SBU’s). member and Amtrak’s Chairman/ The three SBU’s, the Northeast President/Chief Executive Officer serves Corridor, the Intercity, and the West, as Chairman; three members were created during Amtrak’s 614 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL restructuring in the fall of 1994 in order Secretary of Transportation in 1971, to increase profitability. Each SBU has a modifications have been made to the president who has control over business Amtrak system and to individual routes decisions in his area. The Northeast that have resulted in more efficient and Corridor has been successful in cost-effective operations. Currently, in expanding operations south, through the face of ongoing budget constraints, Richmond to Newport News. new service will only be added if a State Amtrak operates an average of 212 agrees to share any losses associated trains per day, serving over 540 station with the new service or if the new locations in 45 States, over a system of service does not substantially add to approximately 24,500 route miles. Of Amtrak’s need for Federal assistance. this route system, Amtrak now owns a right-of-way of 2,611 track miles in the Amtrak began operation in 1971 with Northeast Corridor (Washington-New an antiquated fleet of equipment York-Boston; New Haven-Springfield; inherited from private railroads; some Philadelphia-Harrisburg), and several cars were nearly 30 years old. Since small track segments in the East, then, the fleet has been modernized and purchased pursuant to the Regional Rail new state-of-the-art single- and bi-level Reorganization Act of 1973 (45 U.S.C. passenger cars and locomotives have 701 et seq.) and the Railroad been added. Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 801 et seq.). Systemwide ridership is steadily rising, Amtrak owns or leases its stations and and Amtrak is finding it increasingly owns its own repair and maintenance difficult to meet the demands of facilities. The Corporation employs a increased travel patterns with its limited total work force of approximately 23,000 passenger fleet. To ease these equipment and provides all reservation, station, and constraints, the Corporation is working on-board service staffs, as well as train to identify innovative funding sources in and engine operating crews. Outside the order to acquire additional passenger Northeast Corridor, Amtrak has cars and locomotives. historically contracted with 21 privately There is no rail passenger system in owned railroads for the right to operate the world that makes a profit; Amtrak is over their track and has compensated no exception. However, Amtrak has each railroad for its total package of made significant progress in reducing its services. Under contract, these railroads are responsible for the condition of the dependence on Federal support, while at roadbed and for coordinating the flow of the same time improving the quality of traffic. service. Every year Amtrak moves further In fiscal year 1996, Amtrak transported toward increasing the ratio of its earned over 20 million people approximately revenue to total costs. As a result, 5.5 billion passenger miles. In addition, Amtrak’s appropriation for the current under contracts with several transit fiscal year is 45 percent below that for agencies, Amtrak carried over 33 million fiscal year 1978 (in constant dollars). commuters. One of Amtrak’s highest priorities is to Although Amtrak’s basic route system make the Corporation even more self- was originally designated by the sufficient in the future.

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Department, Amtrak, 60 Massachusetts Avenue NE., Washington, DC 20002. Phone, 202–906–3860. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION 615

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22230 Phone, 703–306–1234

National Science Board Chairman RICHARD N. ZARE Vice Chairman DIANA NATALICIO Members JOHN A. ARMSTRONG, F. ALBERT COTTON, MARY K. GAILLARD,S ANFORD D. GREENBERG, M.R.C. GREENWOOD, CHARLES E. HESS,J OHN E. HOPCROFT, STANLEY V. JASKOLSKI, EAMON M. KELLY, JANE LUBCHENCO, SHIRLEY M. MALCOM, EVE L. MENGER,C LAUDIA I. MITCHELL-KERNAN,J AMES L. POWELL, FRANK H.T. RHODES, IAN M. ROSS, VERA C. RUBIN, ROBERT M. SOLOW, BOB H. SUZUKI, RICHARD A. TAPIA,W ARREN M. WASHINGTON, JOHN A. WHITE, JR. (Ex officio) NEAL F. LANE Executive Officer MARTA C. CEHELSKY Inspector General LINDA G. SUNDRO Deputy Inspector General PHILIP L. SUNSHINE Counsel to the Inspector General MONTGOMERY K. FISHER Assistant Inspector General for Audit EDWARD L. BLANSITT III Assistant Inspector General for Oversight JAMES J. ZWOLENIK Officials: Director NEAL F. LANE Deputy Director JOSEPH BORDOGNA, Acting Senior Science Adviser KARL A. ERB Assistant to the Director for Science Policy and JUDITH S. SUNLEY Planning Staff Associate THOMAS N. COOLEY General Counsel LAWRENCE RUDOLPH Deputy General Counsel THEODORE A. MILES Director, Office of Legislative and Public JULIA A. MOORE Affairs Deputy Director, Office of Legislative and JOEL M. WIDDER Public Affairs Director, Office of Policy Support SUSAN E. COZZENS Director, Office of Science and Technology NATHANIEL G. PITTS Infrastructure Director, Office of Polar Programs CORNELIUS W. SULLIVAN Assistant Director for Mathematical and JOHN B. HUNT, Acting Physical Sciences Executive Officer ADRIAAN M. DE GRAAF, Acting Director, Division of Physics ROBERT A. EISENSTEIN Director, Division of Chemistry JANET G. OSTERYOUNG 616 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Division of Materials Research THOMAS A. WEBER Director, Division of Astronomical Sciences HUGH M. VAN HORN Director, Division of Mathematical Sciences DONALD J. LEWIS Assistant Director for Geosciences ROBERT W. CORELL Deputy Assistant Director THOMAS J. BAERWALD Director, Division of Atmospheric Sciences RICHARD S. GREENFIELD Director, Division of Earth Sciences IAN D. MACGREGOR Director, Division of Ocean Sciences G. MICHAEL PURDY Assistant Director for Biological Sciences MARY E. CLUTTER Executive Officer JAMES L. EDWARDS Director, Division of Biological Infrastructure JAMES H. BROWN Director, Division of Molecular and Cellular JULIUS H. JACKSON Biosciences Director, Division of Integrative Biology and BRUCE L. UMMINGER Neuroscience Director, Division of Environmental Biology THOMAS E. BRADY, Acting Assistant Director for Engineering ELBERT L. MARSH, Acting Deputy Assistant Director for Engineering M. CHRISTINA GABRIEL, Acting Director, Division of Engineering Education MARSHALL M. LIH and Centers Director, Division of Electrical and LAWRENCE S. GOLDBERG Communications Systems Director, Division of Chemical and GARY POEHLEIN Transport Systems Director, Division of Civil and Mechanical RONALD L. SACK Systems Director, Division of Design, Manufacture, BRUCE M. KRAMER and Industrial Innovation Director, Division of Bioengineering and JANIE M. FOUKE Environmental Systems Director, Office of Small Business Research DONALD SENICH and Development Director, Office of Small and Disadvantaged JOSEPH BORDOGNA Business Utilization Assistant Director for Computer and JURIS HARTMANIS Information Science and Engineering Deputy Assistant Director MELVYN CIMENT Head, Office of Cross-Disciplinary Activities JOHN CHERNIAVSKY Director, Division of Advanced Scientific ROBERT R. BORCHERS Computing Director, Division of Computer and RICHARD B. KIEBURTZ Computation Research Director, Division of Information, Robotics, YI-TZUU CHIEN and Intelligent Systems Director, Division of Microelectronic BERNARD CHERN Information Processing Systems Director, Division of Networking and GEORGE O. STRAWN Communications Research and Infrastructure Assistant Director for Social, Behavioral, and BENNETT I. BERTENTHAL Economic Sciences Executive Officer JEFF FENSTERMACHER Director, Division of Social, Behavioral, and WILLIAM P. BUTZ Economic Research NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION 617

Director, Division of Science Resources JEANNE E. GRIFFITH Studies Director, Division of International Programs MARCEL BARDON Assistant Director for Education and Human LUTHER S. WILLIAMS Resources Deputy Assistant Director JANE T. STUTSMAN Director, Division of Educational System LUTHER S. WILLIAMS, Acting Reform Director, Division of Elementary, Secondary, MARGARET B. COZZENS and Informal Education Director, Division of Graduate Education TERENCE L. PORTER Director, Division of Human Resource ROOSEVELT CALBERT Development Director, Division of Research, Evaluation, DARYL E. CHUBIN and Communication Director, Division of Undergraduate NORMAN L. FORTENBERRY Education Head, Office of Experimental Program to RICHARD J. ANDERSON Stimulate Competitive Research Chief Financial Officer/Director, Office of JOSEPH L. KULL Budget, Finance, and Award Management Deputy Chief Financial Officer ALBERT A. MUHLBAUER Director, Division of Financial Management ALBERT A. MUHLBAUER Director, Division of Grants and Agreements JOANNE E. ROM Director, Division of Contracts, Policy, and ROBERT B. HARDY Oversight Director, Budget Division JOSEPH L. KULL, Acting Director, Office of Information and Resource LINDA P. MASSARO Management Deputy Director GERARD R. GLASER Director, Division of Human Resource JOHN F. WILKINSON, JR. Management Director, Division of Information Systems FRED WENDLING Director, Division of Administrative Services ROBERT E. SCHMITZ [For the National Science Foundation statement of organization, see the Federal Register of February 8, 1993, 58 FR 7587–7595; May 27, 1993, 58 FR 30819; May 2, 1994, 59 FR 22690; and Oct. 6, 1995, 60 FR 52431]

The National Science Foundation promotes the progress of science and engineering through the support of research and education programs. Its major emphasis is on high-quality, merit-selected research—the search for improved understanding of the fundamental laws of nature upon which our future well-being as a nation depends. Its educational programs are aimed at ensuring increased understanding of science and engineering at all educational levels, maintaining an adequate supply of scientists, engineers, and science educators to meet our country’s needs.

The National Science Foundation is an in all areas of science and engineering; independent agency created by the to develop and help implement science National Science Foundation Act of and engineering education programs that 1950, as amended (42 U.S.C. 1861– can better prepare the Nation for 1875). meeting the challenges of the future; and The purposes of the Foundation are: to to promote international cooperation increase the Nation’s base of scientific through science and engineering. In its and engineering knowledge and role as a leading Federal supporter of strengthen its ability to conduct research science and engineering, the agency also 618 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL SYSTEMS SERVICES DIVISION OF DIVISION OF DIVISION OF INFORMATION OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATIVE HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCE BUDGET AWARD FINANCIAL DIVISION OF BUDGET, DIVISION OF DIVISION OF DIVISION OF GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND OVERSIGHT CONTRACTS, POLICY, FINANCE, AND MANAGEMENT AND STUDIES SCIENCE SOCIAL, RESEARCH DIVISION OF PROGRAMS DIVISION OF DIVISION OF SCIENCES RESOURCES ECONOMIC AND ECONOMIC INTERNATIONAL BEHAVIORAL, SOCIAL, BEHAVIORAL, DIRECTORATE FOR OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL OF OF OF DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION PHYSICS OFFICE OF ACTIVITIES SCIENCES SCIENCES RESEARCH MATERIALS CHEMISTRY DIVISION OF DIVISION OF SCIENCES MATHEMATICAL ASTRONOMICAL AND PHYSICAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY MATHEMATICAL DIRECTORATE FOR FOR EARTH OCEAN SCIENCES SCIENCES SCIENCES DIVISION OF DIVISION OF DIVISION OF ATMOSPHERIC DIRECTORATE GEOSCIENCES DIRECTOR DEPUTY DIRECTOR NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARD AND FOR DESIGN, CENTERS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS CIVIL AND INDUSTRIAL DIVISION OF DIVISION OF DIVISION OF DIVISION OF DIVISION OF DIVISION OF TRANSPORT INNOVATION MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CHEMICAL AND EDUCATION AND ELECTRICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOENGINEERING MANUFACTURE, AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION NATIONAL AND HUMAN HUMAN INFORMAL DIVISION OF RESEARCH GRADUATE OFFICE OF STIMULATE RESOURCE RESEARCH, EDUCATION EDUCATION EDUCATION DIVISION OF DIVISION OF DIVISION OF DIVISION OF DIVISION OF EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION, COMPETITIVE ELEMENTARY, PROGRAM TO DEVELOPMENT RESOURCES EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM REFORM COMMUNICATION UNDERGRADUATE SECONDARY, AND EDUCATION AND DIRECTORATE FOR AND SYSTEMS CROSS- SYSTEMS DIVISION OF MICROELEC- OFFICE OF SCIENCE PROCESSING ACTIVITIES DIVISION OF SCIENTIFIC ADVANCED RESEARCH DIVISION OF DIVISION OF DIVISION OF COMPUTING INTELLIGENT DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND INFORMATION, COMPUTATION ROBOTICS, AND COMPUTER AND INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS INFORMATION ENGINEERING TRONIC INFORMATION COMPUTER AND DIRECTORATE FOR OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OFFICE OF PROGRAMS BIOLOGY BIOLOGY CELLULAR INFRASTRUCTURE DIVISION OF DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL INTEGRATIVE DIVISION OF DIVISION OF POLICY SUPPORT SCIENCES BIOSCIENCES BIOLOGICAL POLAR PROGRAMS INFRASTRUCTURE ENVIRONMENTAL MOLECULAR AND AND NEUROSCIENCE DIRECTORATE FOR OFFICE OF EQUAL OPPORTUNITY LEGISLATIVE AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION 619 has an important role in national policy business institutions. Most of this planning. research is directed toward the The Foundation consists of a National resolution of scientific and engineering Science Board and a Director. The questions concerning fundamental life National Science Board is composed of processes, natural laws and phenomena, 24 members and the Director ex officio. fundamental processes influencing the Members are appointed by the President human environment, and the forces with the advice and consent of the affecting people as members of society Senate, for 6-year terms, with one-third as well as the behavior of society as a appointed every 2 years. They are whole. selected because of their records of The Foundation encourages distinguished service in science, cooperative efforts by universities, engineering, education, research industries, and government. It also management, or public affairs to be promotes the application of research and broadly representative of the views of development for better products and national science and engineering services that improve the quality of life leadership. and stimulate economic growth. Both the Director and the Deputy The Foundation promotes the Director are appointed by the President development of research talent through with the advice and consent of the support of undergraduate and graduate Senate, to a 6-year term and an students, as well as postdoctoral unspecified term, respectively. researchers. It administers special The National Science Foundation Act programs to identify and encourage assigns policymaking functions for the participation by groups underrepresented Foundation to the National Science in science and technology and to Board, within the framework of strengthen research capability at smaller applicable policies set forth by the institutions, small businesses, President and the Congress, and assigns undergraduate colleges, and universities. the administration of the Foundation to The Foundation supports major the Director. By statute the Director of national and international science and the Foundation is an ex officio member engineering activities, including the U.S. of the Board and Chairman of the Antarctic Program, the Ocean Drilling Executive Committee of the Board. Program, global geoscience studies, and The Board also has a broad national others. Cooperative scientific and policy responsibility to monitor and engineering research activities support make recommendations to promote the exchange programs for American and health of U.S. science and engineering foreign scientists and engineers, research and education. execution of jointly designed research The Foundation’s Office of Inspector projects, participation in the activities of General is responsible for conducting international science and engineering and supervising audits, inspections, and organizations, and travel to international investigations relating to the programs conferences. Support is provided through contracts and operations of the Foundation, and cooperative agreements with including allegations of misconduct in national centers where large facilities are science. made available for use by qualified Activities scientists and engineers. Among the types of centers supported by the The National Science Foundation Foundation are astronomy and initiates and supports fundamental, long- atmospheric sciences, biological and term, merit-selected research in all the engineering research, science and scientific and engineering disciplines. technology, supercomputers, and long- This support is made through grants, term ecological research sites. contracts, and other agreements awarded The Foundation provides competitively to universities, colleges, academic awarded grants for repair, renovation, or, consortia, and nonprofit and small in exceptional cases, replacement of 620 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL facilities used for research and research Contracts The Foundation publicizes training at academic and nonprofit contracting and subcontracting institutions. opportunities in the Commerce Business The Foundation’s science and Daily and other appropriate publications. engineering education activities include Organizations seeking to undertake grants for research and development contract work for the Foundation should activities directed to model instructional contact either the Division of Contracts, materials for students and teachers and Policy, and Oversight (phone, 703–306– the application of advanced technologies 1242) or the Division of Administrative to education. Grants also are available Services (phone, 703–306–1122), for teacher preparation and National Science Foundation, Arlington, enhancement and informal science VA 22230. education activities. Funding is also Electronic Access Information provided for college science regarding NSF programs and services is instrumentation, course and curriculum available through the Internet, at http:// improvement, faculty and student www.nsf.gov/. activities, and minority resource centers. Employment Inquiries may be directed In addition, studies of the status of math, to the Division of Human Resource science, and engineering education are Management, National Science supported. Foundation, Room 315, Arlington, VA The National Science Foundation 22230. Phone, 703–306–1182, or, for presents annually the Alan T. Waterman the hearing impaired (TDD), 703–306– Award to an outstanding young scientist 0189. The Foundation’s vacancy hotline or engineer for support of research and numbers are 703–306–0080 or 1–800– study. Periodically the National Science 628–1487. Board presents the honorary Vannevar Fellowships Consult the NSF Guide to Bush Award to a person who, through Programs and appropriate public service activities in science and announcements and brochures for technology, has made an outstanding postdoctoral fellowship opportunities contribution toward the welfare of that may be available through some mankind and the Nation. The two Foundation divisions. Beginning graduate awards are designed to encourage and minority graduate students wishing individuals to seek to achieve the to apply for fellowships should contact Nation’s objectives in scientific and the Directorate for Education and engineering research and education. Human Resources. Phone, 703–306– 1694. The Foundation also provides support Freedom of Information Act Requests for the President’s Committee on the Requests for agency records should be National Medal of Science. submitted in accordance with the Foundation FOIA regulation at 45 CFR Sources of Information part 612. Such requests should be Board and Committee Minutes clearly identified with ‘‘FOIA REQUEST’’ Summary minutes of the open meetings and be addressed to the FOIA Officer, of the Board may be obtained from the Office of General Counsel, National National Science Board Office. Phone, Science Foundation, Room 1265, 703–306–2000. Summary minutes of the Arlington, VA 22230. Phone, 703–306– Foundation’s advisory groups may be 1060. Fax, 703–306–0149. E-mail, obtained from the contacts listed in the [email protected]. notice of meetings published in the Grants Individuals or organizations Federal Register. General information who plan to submit grant proposals about the Foundation’s advisory groups should refer to the NSF Guide to may be obtained from the Division of Programs, Grant Proposal Guide (NSF Human Resource Management, Room 95–27), and appropriate program 315, Arlington, VA 22230. Phone, 703– brochures and announcements that may 306–1181. be obtained as indicated in the NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD 621

Publications section. Grant information brochures are also available is also available electronically through electronically through the Internet, at the Internet, at http://www.nsf.gov/. http://www.nsf.gov/. Office of Inspector General General Other Foundation publications inquiries may be directed to the Office include: the Grant Policy Manual (NSF– of Inspector General, National Science 95–26), which contains comprehensive Foundation, Room 1135, Arlington, VA statements of Foundation grant 22230. Phone, 703–306–2100. administration policy, procedures, and Privacy Act Requests Requests for guidance; Guide to Programs, which personal records should be submitted in summarizes information about support accordance with the Foundation Privacy programs; the quarterly Antarctic Journal Act regulation at 45 CFR, part 613. Such of the United States and its annual requests should be clearly identified with review issue; and the NSF Annual ‘‘PRIVACY ACT REQUEST’’ and be Report. These publications are available addressed to the Privacy Act Officer, from the Superintendent of Documents, National Science Foundation, Room Government Printing Office, 485, Arlington, VA 22230. Phone, 703– Washington, DC 20402. 306–1243. Reading Room A collection of Publications The National Science Foundation policy documents and staff Board assesses the status and health of instructions, as well as current indexes, science and its various disciplines, are available to the public for inspection including such matters as human and and copying during regular business material resources, in reports submitted hours, 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday to the President for submission to the through Friday, in the National Science Congress. The most recent report is Foundation Library, Room 225, Science and Engineering Indicators, Arlington, VA 22230. Phone, 703–306– 1996 (NSB–96–21). 0658. The National Science Foundation Small Business Activities The Office of issues brochures that announce and Small Business Research and describe new programs, critical dates, Development provides information on and application procedures for opportunities for Foundation support to competitions. Single copies of these small businesses with strong research brochures, including Publications of the capabilities in science and technology. National Science Foundation, can be Phone, 703–306–1330. The Office of ordered in a variety of ways: phone, Small and Disadvantaged Business 703–306–1130; fax, 703–644–4278; E- Utilization oversees agency compliance mail, [email protected]; or by writing to: with the provisions of the Small Business National Science Foundation, Forms and Act and the Small Business Investment Publications, Room P15, 4201 Wilson Act of 1958, as amended (15 U.S.C. Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22230. These 631, 661, 683). Phone, 703–306–1330.

For further information, contact the National Science Foundation Information Center, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Second Floor, Arlington, VA 22230. Phone, 703–306–1234. TDD, 703–306–0189. E-mail, [email protected].

NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD 490 L’Enfant Plaza SW., Washington, DC 20594 Phone, 202–314–6000

Chairman JAMES E. HALL Vice Chairman ROBERT T. FRANCIS II 622 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Members GEORGE W. BLACK, JR., JOHN J. GOGLIA, JOHN A. HAMMERSCHMIDT Managing Director KENNETH U. JORDAN Deputy Managing Director RONALD S. BATTOCCHI Director, Office of Government and Public PETER GOELZ Affairs Deputy Director TED LOPATKIEWICZ, Acting General Counsel DANIEL D. CAMPBELL Deputy General Counsel DAVID BASS Director, Office of Aviation Safety BERNARD S. LOEB Deputy Director RONALD SCHLEEDE Director, Office of Research and Engineering VERNON ELLINGSTAD Deputy Director JOHN CLARK Director, Office of Safety Recommendations BARRY M. SWEEDLER Deputy Director RICHARD VAN WOERKOM Director, Office of Surface Transportation JAMES A. ARENA Safety Deputy Director RALPH E. JOHNSON Director, Office of Administration B. MICHAEL LEVINS Chief Administrative Law Judge WILLIAM E. FOWLER, JR. [For the National Transportation Safety Board statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 800]

The National Transportation Safety Board seeks to ensure that all types of transportation in the United States are conducted safely. The Board investigates accidents, conducts studies, and makes recommendations to Government agencies, the transportation industry, and others on safety measures and practices.

The National Transportation Safety Board —railroad accidents in which there is was established in 1967 and made a fatality or substantial property damage, totally independent on April 1, 1975, by or that involve a passenger train; the Independent Safety Board Act of —pipeline accidents in which there is 1974 (49 U.S.C. app. 1901). a fatality, substantial property damage, or significant injury to the environment; The Safety Board consists of five —highway accidents, including members appointed by the President railroad grade-crossing accidents, that with the advice and consent of the the Board selects in cooperation with the Senate for 5-year terms. The President States; designates two of these members as —major marine casualties, and marine Chairman and Vice Chairman of the accidents involving a public vessel and a Board for 2-year terms. The designation nonpublic vessel, in accordance with of the Chairman is made with the advice regulations prescribed jointly by the and consent of the Senate. Board and the U.S. Coast Guard; —certain accidents involving hazardous materials; and Activities —other transportation accidents that Accident Investigation The Board is are catastrophic, involve problems of a responsible for investigating, determining recurring character, or otherwise should probable cause, making safety be investigated in the judgment of the recommendations, and reporting the Board. facts and circumstances of: Safety Problem Identification In addition, the Board makes —U.S. civil aviation and certain recommendations on matters pertaining public-use aircraft accidents; to transportation safety and is a catalyst NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD 623 HUMAN DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION FACILITIES RESOURCES OFFICE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATION EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY DIRECTOR OFFICE OF REGION REGION (DALLAS- (ATLANTA) MAJOR EXECUTIVE BRANCH BRANCH SOUTHEAST NORTHEAST SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS SERVICES (PARSIPPANY) FORT WORTH) SECRETARIAT TECHNICAL (LOS ANGELES) DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION CENTRAL REGION SERVICES HIGHWAY WESTERN REGION EDITORIAL INVESTIGATIONS PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY OFFICE OF SURFACE TRANSPORTATION MEMBER MEMBER HUMAN OFFICE OF

DIVISION MAJOR DIVISION FACTORS RAILROAD MARINE BRANCH BRANCH DIVISION SERVICES BRANCH TECHNICAL REGIONAL (ATLANTA) (CHICAGO) GENERAL COUNSEL INVESTIGATIONS

INVESTIGATIONS (LOS ANGELES) EASTERN REGION CENTRAL REGION WESTERN REGION CHAIRMAN OFFICE OF MANAGING DIRECTOR (DENVER) (ATLANTA) DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION AVIATION FACTORS FIELD OFFICE FIELD OFFICE FIELD OFFICE FIELD OFFICE SURVIVAL (ANCHORAGE) ENGINEERING (WASHINGTON, DC) REGIONAL OPERATIONS AND GENERAL AVIATION VICE CHAIRMAN OFFICE OF SAFETY AVIATION OFFICE OF NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES (MIAMI) (SEATTLE) (CHICAGO) HUMAN MAJOR DIVISION DIVISION MEMBER DIVISION (PARSIPPANY) FACTORS (LOS ANGELES) PERFORMANCE OPERATIONAL SOUTHEAST REGION NORTHEAST REGION INVESTIGATIONS SOUTHWEST REGION NORTHWEST REGION (DALLAS-FORT WORTH) SOUTH CENTRAL REGION NORTH CENTRAL REGION OFFICE OF VEHICLE DIVISION AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS SAFETY STUDIES DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION ANALYSIS AND DATA ENGINEERING MATERIALS OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE RESEARCH AND LABORATORY ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SERVICES 624 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL for transportation accident prevention by materials, and reporting annually to the conducting safety studies and special Congress on its activities. investigations, assessing techniques of Certificate, Civil Penalty, or License accident investigation and publishing Appeal The Board also reviews on recommended procedures for these appeal the suspension, amendment, investigations, establishing regulatory modification, revocation, or denial of requirements for reporting accidents, certain certificates, licenses, or evaluating the transportation safety assessments of civil penalties issued by consciousness and efficacy of other the Secretary of Transportation and the Government agencies in the prevention decisions of the Commandant of the of accidents, evaluating the adequacy of safeguards and procedures concerning Coast Guard on appeals from the orders the transportation of hazardous materials of any administrative law judge, and the performance of other revoking, suspending, or denying certain Government agencies charged with licenses, certificates, documents, or ensuring the safe transportation of such registers. Regional/Field OfficesÐNational Transportation Safety Board (R: Regional Director; FC: Field Chief)

Region/Field Office Address Officer

AVIATION: North Central Region ...... 31 W. 775 North Ave., W. Chicago, IL 60185 ...... Carl Dinwiddie (R) South Central Region ...... Suite 300, 1200 Copeland Rd., Arlington, TX 76011 ...... Tim Borson (R) South Central Field ...... Suite 500, 4760 Oakland St., Denver, CO 80239 ...... Norm Wiemeyer (FC) Southwest Region ...... Suite 555, 1515 W. 190th St., Gardena, CA 90248 ...... Gary Mucho (R) Southeast Region ...... Suite B±103, 8405 NW. 53d St., Miami, FL 33166 ...... Jorge Prellezo (R) Southeast Field ...... Suite 3M25, 60 Forsyth St., Atlanta, GA 30303 ...... Preston Hicks (FC) Northeast Region ...... Suite 203, 2001 Rte. 46, Parsippany, NJ 07054 ...... Dennis Jones (R) Northeast Field ...... 490 L'Enfant Plz. SW., Washington, DC 20594 ...... (Vacancy) (FC) Northwest Region ...... Rm. 201, 19518 Pacific Hwy. S., Seattle, WA 98188 ...... Keith McGuire (R) Northwest Field ...... Box 11, Rm. 216, 222 W. 7th Ave., Anchorage, AK 99513 ...... Jim LaBelle (FC) RAILROAD: Central Region ...... 31 W. 775 North Ave., W. Chicago, IL 60185 ...... Russ Seipler (R) Western Region ...... Suite 555, 1515 W. 190th St., Gardena, CA 90248 ...... Dave Watson (R) Eastern Region ...... Suite 3M25, 60 Forsyth St., Atlanta, GA 30303 ...... Mark Garcia (R) HIGHWAY: Central Region ...... Suite 300, 1200 Copeland Rd., Arlington, TX 76011 ...... Kennith Rogers (R) Western Region ...... Suite 555, 1515 W. 190th St., Gardena, CA 90248 ...... Ronald Robinson (R) Southeast Region ...... Suite 3M25, 60 Forsyth St., Atlanta, GA 30303 ...... (Vacancy) (R) Northeast Region ...... Suite 203, 2001 Rte. 46, Parsippany, NJ 07054 ...... Frank Ghiorsi (R)

Sources of Information electronic form through the Internet, at http://www.ntsb.gov/. Contracts and Procurement Inquiries Employment Send applications for regarding the Board’s procurement and employment to the Human Resources contracting activities should be Division, National Transportation Safety addressed to the Contracting Officer, Board, Washington, DC 20594. Phone, Facilities Division, National 202–314–6239. Transportation Safety Board, Publications Publications are provided Washington, DC 20594. Phone, 202– free of charge to the following categories 314–6220. of subscribers: Federal, State, or local Electronic Access Agency information, transportation agencies; international including aircraft accident data, synopses transportation organizations or foreign of aircraft accidents, speeches and governments; educational institutions or congressional testimony given by Board public libraries; nonprofit public safety members and staff, press releases, job organizations; and the news media. vacancy announcements, and notices of Persons in these categories who are Board meetings, public hearings, and interested in receiving copies of Board other agency events, is available in publications should contact the Public NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION 625

Inquiries Branch, National Transportation Reading Room The Board’s Public Safety Board, Washington, DC 20594. Reference Room is available for record Phone, 202–314–6551. inspection or photocopying. It is located All other persons interested in in Room 5111 at the Board’s Washington, DC, headquarters and is receiving publications must purchase open from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. every them from the National Technical business day. Requests for access to Information Service, 5285 Port Royal public records should be made in person Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Orders at Room 5111, or by writing the Public may be placed by telephone to the Inquiries Branch, National Transportation Subscription Unit at 703–487–4630, or Safety Board, Washington, DC 20594. the sales desk at 703–487–4768. Phone, 202–314–6551.

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, National Transportation Safety Board, 490 L’Enfant Plaza SW., Washington, DC 20594. Phone, 202–314–6100. Fax, 202–314–6110. Internet, http:/ /www.ntsb.gov/.

NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION Washington, DC 20555 Phone, 301–415–7000

Chairman SHIRLEY ANN JACKSON Executive Assistant and Director, Office of MARTIN VIRGILIO the Chairman Deputy Director for Policy Development VICTOR M. MCCREE and Technical Support Deputy Director for Corporate Planning JACQUELINE E. SILBER and Management Legal Assistant KARLA SMITH Special Assistant for Nuclear Material, REGIS R. BOYLE Waste, and Fuel Cycle Special Assistant for Reactors and Research JAMES W. JOHNSON Special Assistant for Reactors BRIAN E. HOLIAN Special Assistant for International Affairs JANICE DUNN LEE Commissioner KENNETH C. ROGERS Legal Assistant MYRON KARMAN Commissioner GRETA JOY DICUS Executive Assistant BRADLEY W. JONES Commissioner NILS J. DIAZ Executive Assistant MARIA E. LOPEZ-OTIN Commissioner EDWARD MCGAFFIGAN, JR. Executive/Legal Assistant JOSEPH R. GRAY Secretary of the Commission JOHN C. HOYLE Director, Office of Commission Appellate JOHN F. CORDES, Acting Adjudication Director, Office of Congressional Affairs DENNIS K. RATHBUN General Counsel KAREN D. CYR Director, Office of International Programs CARLTON R. STOIBER Director, Office of Public Affairs WILLIAM M. BEECHER Chairman, Advisory Committee on Nuclear PAUL W. POMEROY Waste 626 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Chairman, Advisory Committee on Reactor ROBERT L. SEALE Safeguards Chairman, Advisory Committee on Medical JUDITH A. STITT, M.D. Uses of Isotopes Chief Administrative Judge, Atomic Safety and B. PAUL COTTER, JR. Licensing Board Panel Inspector General HUBERT T. BELL, JR. Chief Information Officer ANTHONY J. GALANTE Director, Office of Information Resources (VACANCY) Management Chief Financial Officer JESSIE L. FUNCHES Director, Office of the Controller (VACANCY) Executive Director for Operations L. JOSEPH CALLAN Assistant for Operations JAMES L. BLAHA Deputy Executive Director for Regulatory EDWARD L. JORDAN Effectiveness, Program Oversight, Investigations, and Enforcement Director, Office of Nuclear Regulatory DAVID L. MORRISON Research Director, Division of Engineering LAWRENCE C. SHAO Director, Division of Systems Technology M. WAYNE HODGES Director, Division of Regulatory BILL M. MORRIS Applications Director, Office of Analysis and Evaluation DENWOOD F. ROSS, JR. of Operational Data Director, Office of Enforcement JAMES LIEBERMAN Director, Office of Investigations GUY P. CAPUTO Deputy Executive Director for Regulatory HUGH L. THOMPSON, JR. Programs Director, Office of State Programs RICHARD L. BANGART Director, Office of Nuclear Material Safety CARL J. PAPERIELLO and Safeguards Deputy Director, Office of Nuclear MALCOLM R. KNAPP Material Safety and Safeguards Director, Division of Industrial and DONALD A. COOL Medical Nuclear Safety Director, Division of Fuel Cycle Safety ELIZABETH Q. TEN EYCK and Safeguards Director, Division of Waste Management JOHN T. GREEVES Director, Office of Nuclear Reactor SAMUEL J. COLLINS Regulation Deputy Director, Office of Nuclear FRANK J. MIRAGLIA, JR. Reactor Regulation Associate Director for Projects ROY P. ZIMMERMAN Director, Division of Reactor Projects—I/II STEVEN A. VARGA Director, Division of Reactor Projects—III/ JACK W. ROE IV Director, Division of Reactor Program MARYLEE M. SLOSSON, Acting Management Associate Director for Technical Reviews THOMAS T. MARTIN, Acting Director, Division of Engineering BRIAN SHERON Director, Division of Systems Safety and GARY M. HOLAHAN Analysis Director, Division of Reactor Controls and BRUCE A. BOGER Human Factors NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION 627

Deputy Executive Director for Management PATRICIA G. NORRY Services Director, Office of Administration EDWARD L. HALMAN Director, Office of Personnel PAUL E. BIRD Director, Office of Small Business and Civil IRENE P. LITTLE Rights [For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part I]

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission licenses and regulates civilian use of nuclear energy to protect public health and safety and the environment. This is achieved by licensing persons and companies to build and operate nuclear reactors and other facilities and to own and use nuclear materials. The Commission makes rules and sets standards for these types of licenses. It also carefully inspects the activities of the persons and companies licensed to ensure that they do not violate the safety rules of the Commission.

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission system of licensing and regulatory (NRC) was established as an activities that include: independent regulatory agency under the —licensing the construction and provisions of the Energy Reorganization operation of nuclear reactors and other Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5801) and nuclear facilities, such as nuclear fuel Executive Order 11834 of January 15, cycle facilities and nonpower test and 1975, effective January 19, 1975. research reactors, and overseeing their Transferred to the Commission were all decommissioning; licensing and related regulatory functions —licensing the possession, use, formerly assigned to the Atomic Energy processing, handling, and export of Commission, which was established by nuclear material; the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 (60 Stat. —licensing the siting, design, 755), as amended by the Atomic Energy construction, operation, and closure of Act of 1954, as amended (42 U.S.C. low-level radioactive waste disposal sites 2011 et seq.). under NRC jurisdiction and the The Commission’s major program construction, operation, and closure of components are the Office of Nuclear the geologic repository for high-level Reactor Regulation, the Office of radioactive waste; Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, —licensing the operators of nuclear and the Office of Nuclear Regulatory power and nonpower test and research Research, which were created by the reactors; Energy Reorganization Act of 1974. —inspecting licensed facilities and Headquarters offices are located in activities; suburban Maryland, and there are four —conducting the principal U.S. regional offices. Government research program on light- The Commission ensures that the water reactor safety; civilian uses of nuclear materials and —conducting research to provide facilities are conducted in a manner independent expertise and information consistent with the public health and for making timely regulatory judgments safety, environmental quality, national and for anticipating problems of security, and the antitrust laws. The potential safety significance; —developing and implementing rules major share of the Commission’s effort is and regulations that govern licensed focused on regulating the use of nuclear nuclear activities; energy to generate electric power. —investigating nuclear incidents and allegations concerning any matter Activities regulated by the NRC; The Nuclear Regulatory Commission —enforcing NRC regulations and the fulfills its responsibilities through a conditions of NRC licenses; 628 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL OFFICE OF OFFICE OF NUCLEAR WASTE OF THE COMMISSION ATOMIC SAFETY AND OFFICE OF COMMSSION REACTOR SAFEGUARDS THE GENERAL COUNSEL INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS LICENSING BOARD PANEL ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY APPELLATE ADJUDICATION REGION IV OFFICE OF CHIEF OFFICE OF OFFICE OF REGION III PERSONNEL CIVIL RIGHTS OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION THE CONTROLLER SMALL BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL OFFICER MANAGEMENT SERVICES DEPUTY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR FOR REGION II OPERATIONS ASSISTANT FOR THE CHAIRMAN THE COMMISSIONERS OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OFFICE OF REGULATION STATE PROGRAMS NUCLEAR MATERIAL NUCLEAR REACTOR OPERATIONS SAFETY AND SAFEGUARDS REGULATORY PROGRAMS EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR FOR DEPUTY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR FOR NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION NUCLEAR REGULATORY REGION I OFFICE OF RESEARCH OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OFFICE OF CHIEF ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS OF OPERATIONAL DATA NUCLEAR REGULATORY ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OFFICE OF OFFICE OF OFFICE OF INFORMATION OFFICE OF THE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PUBLIC AFFAIRS INFORMATION OFFICER DIRECT SUPERVISION COORDINATION REGULATORY EFFECTIVENESS INSPECTOR GENERAL DEPUTY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR FOR CONGRESSIONAL AFFAIRS NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION 629

—conducting public hearings on colleges as appropriate to fill needs for matters of nuclear and radiological interns and entry-level professionals. safety, environmental concern, common Employment inquiries, applications, defense and security, and antitrust and requests from schools for matters; participation in the recruitment program —maintaining the NRC Incident may be directed to the Director, Office Response Program, including the NRC of Personnel, Mail Stop T3A2, Nuclear Operations Center; Regulatory Commission, Washington, —collecting, analyzing, and DC 20555–0001. Phone, 301–415– disseminating information about the 7516. operational safety of commercial nuclear Freedom of Information Act Requests power reactors and certain nonreactor Requests for copies of records should be activities; and directed to the Chief, FOIA/LPDR Branch, Mail Stop T6D8, Nuclear —developing effective working Regulatory Commission, Washington, relationships with the States regarding DC 20555–0001. Phone, 301–415– reactor operations and the regulation of 7169. nuclear material, including assurance Publications The NRC Annual Report, that adequate regulatory programs are NUREG–1145, provides a summary of maintained by those States that exercise, major agency activities for the year. by agreement with the Commission, Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulatory control over certain nuclear Issuances, NUREG–0750 (monthly— materials in the State. four indexes and 2 hard-bound editions), Sources of Information a compilation of adjudications and other issuances for the Commission, including Contracts and Procurement Detailed Atomic Safety and Licensing Boards, is information on how to do business with available for sale from the Government the Commission may be obtained by Printing Office, either by subscription or calling the Director, Division of on a single-issue basis. Other Contracts, at 301–415–7305. Information subscription items available from the on programs to assist small business is Government Printing Office include: available from the Director, Office of Licensee, Contractor and Vendor Small Business and Civil Rights, Mail Inspection Status Report (quarterly), Stop T2F18, Nuclear Regulatory NUREG–0040; Report to Congress on Commission, Washington, DC 20555– Abnormal Occurrences (quarterly), 0001. Phone, 301–415–7380. NUREG–0090; Regulatory and Technical Employment The Commission’s Reports (quarterly), NUREG–0304; Title employment activities are exempt from List of Documents Made Publicly civil service requirements and are Available (monthly), NUREG–0540; U.S. conducted under an independent merit Nuclear Regulatory Commission Rules system. However, employees receive and Regulations; U.S. NRC Telephone Federal employee benefits (retirement, Directory, NUREG/BR–0046; and the group life insurance, and health benefits) Weekly Information Report. Pricing and on the same basis as other Federal ordering information may be obtained by employees. Applicants with veterans writing to the Superintendent of preference are accorded the preference Documents, Government Printing Office, granted to them by the Veterans’ P.O. Box 37082, Washington, DC Preference Act of 1944 (58 Stat. 387). 20013–7082. Phone, 202–512–1800. Recruitment is continual, and The Commission produces a variety of applications from individuals qualified scientific, technical, and administrative for Commission needs are accepted information publications dealing with whenever they are received. In addition licensing and regulating civilian nuclear to receiving applications from candidates power. Information on agency at all grade levels throughout the year, publications can be obtained from Title the agency recruits annually from List of Documents Made Publicly 630 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Available, NUREG–0540. This rulemaking before the Commission by document, published monthly, includes calling 301–415–7162. docketed material associated with Reading Rooms The Headquarters civilian nuclear power plants and other Public Document Room maintains an uses of radioactive materials, and extensive collection of documents nondocketed material received and related to NRC licensing proceedings generated by the Commission pertinent and other significant decisions and to its role as a regulatory agency. Single actions, and documents from the copies of monthly issues of NUREG– regulatory activities of the former Atomic 0540 are available for purchase from the Energy Commission. Persons interested Government Printing Office and from the in detailed, technical information about National Technical Information Service, nuclear facilities and other licensees find Springfield, VA 22161. Phone, 703–487– this specialized research center to be a 4099. major resource. (Books, journals, trade Active Regulatory Guides may be publications, or documents on industry purchased from the Government Printing standards are not stocked in the Reading Office or, as they are issued, on standing Room.) Located at 2120 L Street NW., orders from the National Technical Washington, DC, the Public Document Information Service. These Regulatory Room is open Monday through Friday Guides are published in 10 subject from 7:45 a.m. to 4:15 p.m., except on areas: Power Reactors, Research and Federal holidays. Test Reactors, Fuels and Materials Documents from the collection may Facilities, Environmental and Siting, be reproduced, with some exceptions, Materials and Plant Protection, Products, on paper, microfiche, or diskette for a Transportation, Occupational Health, nominal fee. The Public Document Antitrust and Financial Review, and Room also offers an order subscription General. service for selected serially published Single copies of some draft documents and reports. Certain items of publications, such as Draft immediate interest, such as press Environmental Statements and Draft releases and meeting notices, are posted Regulatory Guides, are available without in the Reading Room and on an charge, based on supply, from the electronic bulletin board via FedWorld, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, a governmentwide computer bulletin Distribution and Mail Services Section, board system. For access to the Public Washington, DC 20555–0001. Interested Document Room electronic bulletin board, contact FedWorld. Phone, 703– persons may be placed on a Commission 487–4608. mailing list for Draft Regulatory Guides Reference librarians are available to by writing to the Distribution and Mail assist users with information requests. Services Section, NRC, Washington, DC The computerized online Bibliographic 20555–0001. Retrieval System includes extensive Nuclear Regulatory Commission indices to the collection and an online Regulatory Agenda (NUREG–0936), ordering module for the placement of published in the Federal Register each orders for the reproduction and delivery April and October, is updated of specific documents. Off-site access to semiannually. the Bibliographic Retrieval System (at Documents in the NUREG series may 1200, 2400, and 9600 baud) is available be purchased from the Superintendent of for searches 24 hours a day, including Documents, Government Printing Office, weekends and holidays. Access to the P.O. Box 37082, Washington, DC system may be arranged by calling the 20402–9328. Copies are also available number listed below. from the National Technical Information For additional information regarding Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, the Public Document Room, contact the Springfield, VA 22161–0002. Persons Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Public may obtain information regarding the Document Room, Washington, DC status of any regulation or petition for 20555. Phone, 202–634–3273 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION 631

(Washington, DC, area), or 800–397– contain a microfiche file of all publicly 4209 (toll-free). E-mail, [email protected]. available NRC documents issued since Fax, 202–634–3343. January 1981. A list of local public In addition, the Commission maintains document rooms is available from the approximately 87 local public document Director, Division of Freedom of rooms around the country. The Information and Publications Services, document rooms are located in libraries Nuclear Regulatory Commission, in cities and towns near commercially operated nuclear power reactors and Washington, DC 20555–0001. To obtain certain nonpower reactor facilities. They specific information about the contain detailed information specific to availability of documents at the local the nearby facilities, which are either public document rooms, contact the licensed or under regulatory review. NRC Local Public Document Room Power reactor and high-level radioactive Program staff. Phone, 800–638–8081 waste local public document rooms also (toll-free).

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555–0001. Phone, 301–415–8200.

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION 1120 Twentieth Street NW., Washington, DC 20036–3419 Phone, 202–606–5100

Chairman STUART E. WEISBERG Commissioners DANIEL GUTTMAN, (VACANCY) Executive Director WILLIAM J. GAINER Chief Administrative Law Judge IRVING SOMMER General Counsel EARL R. OHMAN, JR. Executive Secretary RAY H. DARLING, JR. Public Affairs Specialist LINDA A. WHITSETT

The Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission works to ensure the timely and fair resolution of cases involving the alleged exposure of American workers to unsafe or unhealthy working conditions.

The Occupational Safety and Health penalties it proposed, and the time given Review Commission is an independent, by the agency to correct any hazardous quasi-judicial agency established by the situation. Employees and representatives Occupational Safety and Health Act of of employees may initiate a case by 1970 (29 U.S.C. 651–678). challenging the propriety of the time the The Commission is charged with Administration has allowed for ruling on cases forwarded to it by the correction of any violative condition. Department of Labor when The Occupational Safety and Health disagreements arise over the results of Act covers virtually every employer in safety and health inspections performed the country. Enforced by the Secretary of by the Department’s Occupational Safety Labor, the act is an effort to reduce the and Health Administration. Employers incidence of personal injuries, illness, have the right to dispute any alleged job and deaths among working men and safety or health violation found during women in the United States that result the inspection by the Administration, the from their employment. It requires 632 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL REGIONAL LAW JUDGE LEGAL STAFF NATIONAL AND COMMISSIONER OFFICE JUDGES CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF PUBLIC INFORMATION AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT LEGAL STAFF CHAIRMAN OFFICE OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR SERVICES OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION STAFF LIBRARY LEGAL STAFF COMMISSIONER GENERAL COUNSEL OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT ETHICS 633 employers to furnish to each of their Ordinarily the hearing is held in the employees a working environment free community where the alleged violation from recognized hazards that are causing occurred or as close as possible. At the or likely to cause death or serious hearing, the Secretary of Labor will physical harm to the employees and to generally have the burden of proving the comply with occupational safety and case. After the hearing, the judge must health standards promulgated under the issue a decision, based on findings of act. fact and conclusions of law. A substantial number of the decisions Activities of the judges become final orders of the The Commission was created to Commission. However, each decision is adjudicate enforcement actions initiated subject to discretionary review by the under the act when they are contested three members of the Commission upon by employers, employees, or the direction of any one of the three, if representatives of employees. A case done within 30 days of the filing of the arises when a citation is issued against decision. When that occurs, the an employer as the result of an Commission issues its own decision. Occupational Safety and Health Administration inspection and it is Once a case is decided, any person contested within 15 working days. adversely affected or aggrieved thereby The Commission is more of a court may obtain a review of the decision in system than a simple tribunal, for within the United States Courts of Appeals. the Commission there are two levels of The principal office of the Commission adjudication. All cases that require a is in Washington, DC. There are also hearing are assigned to an administrative three regional offices where Commission law judge, who decides the case. judges are stationed. Review Commission JudgesÐOccupational Safety and Health Review Commission

City/Address Telephone

Atlanta, GA (1365 Peachtree St. NE., 30309) ...... 404±347±4197 Boston, MA (John W. McCormack Post Office and Courthouse, 02110) ...... 617±223±9746 Denver, CO (1050 17th St., 80265) ...... 303±844±2281

Sources of Information Report to the President, and pamphlets explaining the functions of the Publications Copies of the Commission’s Rules of Procedure, Guide Commission are available from the to the Rules of Procedure, Guide to E–Z Public Affairs Specialist at the Trial Procedures, decisions, Annual Commission’s Washington office.

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Specialist, Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, 1120 Twentieth Street NW., Washington, DC 20036–3419. Phone, 202–606–5398. Fax, 202– 606–5050.

OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT ETHICS Suite 500, 1201 New York Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20005–3917 Phone, 202–208–8000

Director STEPHEN D. POTTS Deputy Director and General Counsel F. GARY DAVIS Deputy Director for Government Relations JANE S. LEY and Special Projects 634 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Special Assistant to the Director STUART C. GILMAN Deputy General Counsel MARILYN GLYNN Associate Director for Administration ROBERT E. LAMMON Associate Director for Agency Programs JACK COVALESKI Associate Director for Education BARBARA A. MULLEN-ROTH Chief, Office of Information Resources JAMES V. PARLE Management [For the Office of Government Ethics statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 5, Part 2600]

The Office of Government Ethics provides overall direction of executive branch policies in preventing conflicts of interest on the part of officers and employees of all executive agencies. The Office is the principal agency for administering the Ethics in Government Act for the executive branch.

The Office of Government Ethics is a including orders to establish or modify separate executive agency established an agency’s ethics program; under the Ethics in Government Act of —providing guidance on and 1978, as amended (5 U.S.C. app. 401). The Director of the Office is appointed promoting understanding of ethical by the President with the advice and standards in executive agencies through consent of the Senate for a 5-year term, an extensive program of Government and is required to submit to Congress a ethics advice, education, and training; biennial report concerning the —evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the Director’s Ethics Act, the conflict of interest laws, functions and responsibilities. and other related statutes; and Activities —recommending appropriate new legislation or amendments. The chief responsibilities of the Office are: —developing, in consultation with the Sources of Information Attorney General and the Office of Electronic Access Information Personnel Management, rules and regarding Office of Government Ethics regulations to be promulgated by the services and programs is available in President or the Director of the Office of electronic format. Phone via modem, Government Ethics pertaining to 202–208–8030. Internet, http:// standards of ethical conduct of executive www.access.gpo.gov/usoge/. agencies, public and confidential Publications The Office of Government financial disclosure of executive branch Ethics annually updates its publication, officials, executive agency ethics training The Informal Advisory Letters and programs, and the identification and Memoranda and Formal Opinions of the resolution of conflicts of interest; —monitoring and investigating United States Office of Government compliance with the executive branch Ethics, available from the Government financial disclosure requirements of the Printing Office. In addition, the Office Ethics in Government Act of 1978, as publishes a periodic newsletter on amended; Government ethics and has available —providing ethics program assistance ethics publications, instructional and information to executive branch videotapes, and a CD–ROM. Upon agencies through a desk officer system; request, the Office also provides copies —conducting periodic reviews of the of executive branch public financial ethics programs of executive agencies; disclosure reports (SF 278’s) in —ordering corrective action on the accordance with the Ethics Act and the part of agencies and employees that the Office’s regulations. Director of the Office deems necessary, OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT 635

For further information, contact the Office of Government Ethics, Suite 500, 1201 New York Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20005–3917. Phone, 202–208–8000. TDD, 202–208–8025. Fax, 202–208–8037.

OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT 1900 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20415–0001 Phone, 202–606–1800

Director JAMES B. KING Deputy Director (VACANCY) General Counsel LORRAINE LEWIS Director, Office of Congressional Relations CYNTHIA BROCK-SMITH Director, Office of Communications ROSALIE CAMERON Director, Center for Partnership and Labor- MICHAEL CUSHING Management Relations Inspector General PATRICK E. MCFARLAND Chief Financial Officer J. GILBERT SEAUX Chairman, Federal Prevailing Rate Advisory PHYLLIS FOLEY, Acting Committee Associate Director, Human Resources Systems STEVEN R. COHEN, Acting Service Associate Director for Investigations Service RICHARD FERRIS Associate Director for Employment Service MARY LOU LINDHOLM Associate Director, Office of Merit Systems CAROL J. OKIN Oversight and Effectiveness Associate Director for Retirement and WILLIAM E. FLYNN III Insurance Service Director, Office of Human Resources and ROSE GWIN Equal Employment Opportunity Director, Office of Executive Resources CURTIS J. SMITH Director, Office of Contracting and LYNN L. FURMAN Administrative Services Chief Information Technology Officer JANET L. BARNES [For the Office of Personnel Management statement of organization, see the Federal Register of Jan. 5, 1979, 44 FR 1501]

The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) administers a merit system to ensure compliance with personnel laws and regulations and assists agencies in recruiting, examining, and promoting people on the basis of their knowledge and skills, regardless of their race, religion, sex, political influence, or other nonmerit factors. The Office’s role is to provide guidance to agencies in operating human resources programs which effectively support their missions and to provide an array of personnel services to applicants and employees. The Office supports Government program managers in their human resources management responsibilities and provide benefits to employees, retired employees, and their survivors.

The Office of Personnel Management Transferred to OPM were many of the was created as an independent functions of the former United States establishment by Reorganization Plan Civil Service Commission. The Office’s No. 2 of 1978 (5 U.S.C. app.), effective duties and authority are specified in the January 1, 1979, pursuant to Executive Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 (5 Order 12107 of December 28, 1978. U.S.C. 1101). 636 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL RETIREMENT AND PREVAILING RATE OFFICER INSURANCE SERVICE CHIEF FINANCIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL INSPECTOR ADVISORY COMMITTEE FEDERAL SERVICE SERVICES INVESTIGATIONS ADMINISTRATIVE CONTRACTING AND CONTRACTING EXECUTIVE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT DIRECTOR DEPUTY DIRECTOR SERVICE AND EQUAL INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT TECHNOLOGY EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY HUMAN RESOURCES OFFICE OF PERSONNEL AND RELATIONS RELATIONS SYSTEMS CONGRESSIONAL COMMUNICATIONS GENERAL COUNSEL EFFECTIVENESS MERIT OVERSIGHT AND LABOR-MANAGEMENT CENTER FOR PARTNERSHIP HUMAN RESOURCES SYSTEMS SERVICE OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT 637

Office of the Inspector General The gathers, analyzes, and maintains Office of the Inspector General conducts statistical data on the diversity of the comprehensive and independent audits, Federal workforce, and prepares investigations, and evaluations relating to evaluation reports for Congress and OPM programs and operations. It is others on individual agency and responsible for administrative actions governmentwide progress toward full against health care providers who workforce representation for all commit sanctionable offenses with Americans in the Federal sector. respect to the Federal Employees’ Health Executive Resources The Office leads Benefits Program or other Federal in the selection, management, and programs. The Office keeps the Director development of Federal executives. It and Congress fully informed about administers the Senior Executive Service problems and deficiencies in the program and other merit-based executive administration of agency programs and personnel systems that promote the operations, and the necessity for development of a corporate perspective. corrective action. The Office provides policy guidance, For further information, contact the Office of the consulting services, and technical Inspector General. Phone, 202–606–1200. support in such areas as recruitment, selection, succession planning, mobility Activities performance, awards, and removals. It reviews agency nominations for SES Examining and Staffing The Office of career appointments and administers the Personnel Management is responsible for Qualifications Review Boards that certify providing departments and agencies with candidates’ executive qualifications. It technical assistance and guidance in manages SES, senior-level, and scientific examining competitive positions in the and professional space allocations to Federal civil service for General agencies, administers the Presidential Schedule grades 1 through 15 and Rank Awards program, and conducts Federal Wage system positions. In orientation sessions for newly appointed addition, the Office is responsible for: executives. In addition, the Office —providing examination services, at manages three interagency residential the request of an agency, on a development and training centers for reimbursable basis; —establishing basic qualification executives and managers. standards for all occupations; Personnel Systems The Office provides —certifying agency delegated leadership and guidance to agencies on examining units to conduct examining; systems to support the manager’s —providing employment information personnel management responsibilities. for competitive service positions; and These include: —providing policy direction and —white and blue collar pay systems, guidance on promotions, reassignments, including Senior Executive Service and appointments in the excepted and special occupational pay systems; competitive services, reinstatements, geographical adjustments and locality temporary and term employment, payments; special rates to address veterans preference, workforce recruitment and retention problems; restructuring, career transition, and other allowances and differentials, including staffing provisions. recruitment and relocation bonuses, Workforce Diversity The Office retention allowances, and hazardous provides leadership, direction, and duty/environmental pay; and premium policy for governmentwide affirmative pay; recruiting programs for minorities and —annual and sick leave, court leave, veterans. It also provides leadership, military leave, leave transfer and leave guidance, and technical assistance to bank programs, family and medical promote merit and equality in systemic leave, excused absence, holidays, and workforce recruitment, employment, scheduling of work—including flexible training, and retention. In addition, OPM and compressed work schedules; 638 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

—performance management, covering projects to explore potential appraisal systems, performance pay and improvements in personnel systems and awards, and incentive awards for better and simpler ways to manage suggestions, inventions, and special acts; Federal personnel. —classification policy and standards Employee Benefits The Office also for agencies to determine the series and manages numerous activities that directly grades for Federal jobs; affect the well-being of the Federal —labor-management relations, employee and indirectly enhance including labor-management employee effectiveness. These include partnerships and consulting with unions health benefits, life insurance, and on governmentwide issues; retirement benefits. —systems and techniques for resolving Other Personnel Programs The Office disputes with employees; coordinates the temporary assignment of —quality of worklife initiatives, such employees between Federal agencies as employee health and fitness, work and State, local, and Indian tribal and family, AIDS in the workplace, and governments; institutions of higher employee assistance programs; education; and other eligible —training and employee development, organizations for up to 2 years, for work including providing support to the of mutual benefit to the participating Human Resources Development Council organizations. It administers the and the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) interest group; Presidential Management Intern Program, —the Training Management Assistance which provides 2-year, excepted program, to help agencies design and appointments with Federal agencies to produce training systems and products, recipients of graduate degrees in performance management systems, appropriate disciplines. In addition, the workforce productivity systems, business Office of Personnel Management process reengineering, compensation, administers the Federal Merit System and employee relations systems; Standards, which apply to certain grant- —information systems to support and aided State and local programs. improve Federal personnel management Federal Executive Boards Federal decisionmaking; and Executive Boards (FEB’s) were —governmentwide instructions for established by Presidential directive (a personnel processing and recordkeeping, memorandum for heads of Federal and for release of personnel data under departments and agencies dated the Freedom of Information Act and the November 13, 1961) to improve internal Privacy Act. Federal management practices and to The Office also provides provide a central focus for Federal administrative support to special participation in civic affairs in major advisory bodies, including the Federal metropolitan centers of Federal activity. Prevailing Rate Advisory Committee, the They carry out their functions under Federal Salary Council, and the National OPM supervision and control. Partnership Council. Federal Executive Boards serve as a Oversight The Office assesses agencies’ means for disseminating information effectiveness in personnel management within the Federal Government and for at the governmentwide, agency, and promoting discussion of Federal policies installation levels to gather information and activities of importance to all for policy development and program Federal executives in the field. Each refinement, ensure compliance with Board is composed of heads of Federal personnel laws and regulations, enhance field offices in the metropolitan area. A agency capability for self-evaluation, and Chairman is elected annually from assist agencies in operating personnel among the membership to provide programs which effectively support overall leadership to the Board’s accomplishment of their primary operations. Committees and task forces missions. The Office also works with carry out interagency projects consistent other Federal agencies on demonstration with the Board’s missions. OFFICE OF SPECIAL COUNSEL 639

Federal Executive Boards are located Sources of Information in 28 metropolitan areas that are important centers of Federal activity. Contracts Contact the Chief, These areas are: Albuquerque-Santa Fe, Contracting Division, Office of Personnel Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Buffalo, Management, Washington, DC 20415– Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dallas- 0001. Phone, 202–606–2240. Fort Worth, Denver, Detroit, Honolulu- Employment Federal Job Information Pacific, Houston, Kansas City, Los Centers, located in major metropolitan Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New areas, provide Federal employment York, Newark, Oklahoma City, information. To obtain the appropriate Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Portland, St. telephone number, check the blue pages Louis, San Antonio, San Francisco, under U.S. Government, Office of Seattle, and the Twin Cities Personnel Management. For information (Minneapolis-St. Paul). about employment opportunities within Federal Executive Associations, the Office of Personnel Management, Councils, or Committees have been contact the Director for Human locally organized in over 100 other metropolitan areas to perform functions Resources. Phone, 202–606–2400. similar to the Federal Executive Boards Publications The Chief, Publications but on a lesser scale of organization and Services Division, can provide activity. information about Federal personnel management publications. Phone, 202– For further information, contact the Assistant for Regional Operations, Office of Personnel 606–1822. Management, Room 5H22L, 1900 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20415–0001. Phone, 202–606– 1001.

For further information, contact the Office of Communications, Office of Personnel Management, 1900 E Street NW., Washington, DC 20415–0001. Phone, 202–606–1800.

OFFICE OF SPECIAL COUNSEL Suite 300, 1730 M Street NW., Washington, DC 20036–4505 Phones: Locator, 202–653–7188; Toll-free, 1–800–872–9855

Special Counsel KATHLEEN DAY KOCH Executive Assistant ROBERT J. MURPHY Deputy Special Counsel JAMES A. KAHL Associate Special Counsel for Prosecution WILLIAM E. REUKAUF Associate Special Counsel for Investigation RUTH ROBINSON ERTEL, Acting Associate Special Counsel for Planning and ERIN MCDONNELL Advice Director for Management JOHN KELLEY Director, Legislative and Public Affairs LOUIS A. VEGA, Acting

The Office of Special Counsel investigates allegations of certain activities prohibited by civil service laws, rules, or regulations and litigates before the Merit Systems Protection Board.

Activities Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 (5 U.S.C. app.). The Civil Service Reform The Office of Special Counsel (OSC) was Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. 1101 note), which established on January 1, 1979, by became effective on January 11, 1979, 640 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

OFFICE OF SPECIAL COUNSEL

SPECIAL COUNSEL

EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT

DEPUTY SPECIAL COUNSEL

LEGISLATIVE AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS

PLANNING AND INVESTIGATION MANAGEMENT PROSECUTION ADVICE DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION

COMPLAINTS FIELD OFFICES DISCLOSURE EXAMINING UNIT UNIT PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 641 enlarged its functions and powers. —providing a secure channel through Pursuant to provisions of the which information evidencing a violation Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989 (5 of any law, rule, or regulation, gross U.S.C. 1211 et seq.), OSC functions as mismanagement, gross waste of funds, an independent investigative and abuse of authority, or substantial and prosecutorial agency within the specific danger to public health or safety executive branch which litigates before may be disclosed without fear of the Merit Systems Protection Board. retaliation and without disclosure of The primary role of OSC is to protect identity, except with the employee’s employees, former employees, and consent; and applicants for employment from —enforcing the provisions of the prohibited personnel practices, Hatch Act. especially reprisal for whistleblowing. Its basic areas of statutory responsibility are: Sources of Information —receiving and investigating Field offices are located in Dallas, TX allegations of prohibited personnel (Room 7C30, 1100 Commerce Street, practices and other activities prohibited 75242; phone, 214–767–8871) and by civil service law, rule, or regulation Oakland, CA (Suite 365S, 1301 Clay and, if warranted, initiating corrective or Street, 94612–5217; phone, 510–637– disciplinary action; 3460).

For further information, contact the Office of Special Counsel, Suite 300, 1730 M Street NW., Washington, DC 20036–4505. Phone, 202–653–7188 or 800–872–9855 (toll-free)

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION Suite 1050, 1825 Eye Street NW., Washington, DC 20006–5402 Phone, 202–634–6441

Official in Washington: Secretary JOHN A. MILLS Officials in the Republic of Panama: Administrator ALBERTO ALEMAN ZUBIETA Deputy Administrator JOSEPH W. CORNELISON [For the Panama Canal Commission statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 35, Part 9]

The Panama Canal Commission operates, maintains, and improves the Panama Canal to provide efficient, safe, and economical transit service for the benefit of world commerce.

The Panama Canal Commission was members being nationals of the Republic established as a wholly owned of Panama. All members of the Board Government corporation within the are appointed by the President. The executive branch of the Government by members who are United States the Panama Canal Act of 1979, as nationals are appointed with the advice amended (22 U.S.C. 3611). and consent of the Senate. The Commission is supervised by a nine-member Board of which not fewer than five members are nationals of the United States, with the remaining 642 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL BUREAU GENERAL SERVICES CANAL PROTECTION FACILITIES MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES LOGISTICAL SUPPORT MOTOR TRANSPORTATION PRINTING OFFICE SECRETARY AND ASSISTANT TO THE CHAIRMAN PUBLIC AFFAIRS GENERAL COUNSEL EXECUTIVE PLANNING EQUAL OPPORTUNITY MARINE BUREAU ADMINISTRATOR BOARD OF DIRECTORS DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD ADMEASUREMENT BOARD OF LOCAL INSPECTORS CANAL OPERATIONS CANAL SERVICES LOCKS MARINE SAFETY MARITIME TRAINING PILOTS TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION CANAL PANAMA INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT TRANSITION COORDINATION INFORMATION MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION EXECUTIVE ADMINISTRATION AND INSPECTOR GENERAL ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION BUREAU CONSTRUCTION DREDGING ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING INDUSTRIAL MAINTENANCE PEACE CORPS 643

Activities Sources of Information The Commission was established by Marine Operations Director, Marine Congress on October 1, 1979, to carry Bureau, Panama. Phone, 011–507–272– out the responsibilities of the United 4500. States with respect to the Panama Canal Economic and Marketing Information under the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. Director, Office of Executive Planning, In fulfilling these obligations, the Panama. Phone, 011–507–272–7961. Commission manages, operates, and maintains the Canal, its complementary Procurement Office of Logistical works, installations, and equipment, and Support, 4400 Dauphine Street, New provides for the orderly transit of vessels Orleans, LA 70146–6800. Phone, 504– through the Canal. This U.S. agency will 678–5299. perform these functions until the treaty Panama Canal Commission Unit 2300, terminates on December 31, 1999, at APO AA 34011–2300. Telex, 3034 which time the Republic of Panama will PCCAMRM PG. assume full responsibility for the Canal.

For further information, contact the Office of the Secretary, Panama Canal Commission, Suite 1050, 1825 Eye Street NW., Washington, DC 20006–5402. Phone, 202–634–6441. Fax, 202–634–6439. E-mail, [email protected].

PEACE CORPS 1990 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20526 Phone (Locator), 202–606–3886

Director MARK D. GEARAN Deputy Director CHARLES R. BAQUET III Chief of Staff THOMAS TIGHE General Counsel NANCY HENDRY Inspector General CHARLES C. MADDOX Director of Communications ANDRE OLIVER Director of Congressional Relations GLORIA JOHNSON Director of the Crisis Corps JOAN M. TIMONEY Director of Private Sector Relations PATRICIA GARAMENDI Associate Director for International Operations JOHN P. HOGAN Regional Director/Africa Operations MAUREEN CARROLL, Acting Regional Director/Inter-American Operations KRISTINE VEGA, Acting Regional Director/Asia and Pacific MARGARET GOODMAN Operations Regional Director/Europe, Central Asia, and DON MOOERS Mediterranean Operations Director of Training and Program Support HOWARD ANDERSON Chief Financial Officer LANA HURDLE Associate Director for Management STANLEY D. SUYAT Associate Director for Volunteer Support MIKE WARD Associate Director for Volunteer Recruitment JUDY HARRINGTON and Selection [For the Peace Corps statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 22, Part 302]

The Peace Corps’ purpose is to promote world peace and friendship, to help other countries in meeting their needs for trained men and women, and to promote 644 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL understanding between the American people and other peoples served by the Peace Corps. The Peace Corps Act emphasizes the Peace Corps commitment toward programming to meet the basic needs of those living in the countries where volunteers work.

The Peace Corps was established by the development, and the environment. Peace Corps Act of 1961, as amended Community-level projects are designed (22 U.S.C. 2501), and was made an to incorporate the skills of volunteers independent agency by title VI of the with the resources of host-country International Security and Development agencies and other international Cooperation Act of 1981 (22 U.S.C. assistance organizations to help solve 2501–1). specific development problems, often in The Peace Corps consists of a conjunction with private volunteer Washington, DC, headquarters; 11 area organizations. offices; and overseas operations in more In the United States, the Peace Corps than 90 countries. Its presence in foreign is working to promote an understanding countries fluctuates as programs are of people in other countries. Through its added or withdrawn. World Wise Schools Program, volunteers Activities are matched with elementary and junior high schools in the United States to To fulfill the Peace Corps mandate, men encourage an exchange of letters, and women are trained for a 9- to 14- pictures, music, and artifacts. week period in the appropriate local Participating students increase their language, the technical skills necessary knowledge of geography, languages, and for their particular job, and the cross- different cultures, while gaining an cultural skills needed to adjust to a appreciation for voluntarism. society with traditions and attitudes different from their own. Volunteers The Peace Corps offers other domestic serve for a period of 2 years, living programs involving former volunteers, among the people with whom they universities, local public school systems, work. Volunteers are expected to and private businesses and foundations become a part of the community through in a partnership to help solve some of their voluntary service. the United States most pressing domestic Thousands of volunteers serve problems. throughout Central and South America, The Peace Corps Office of Private the Caribbean, Africa, Asia, the Pacific, Sector Relations works with schools, Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, civic groups, businesses, and Ukraine, the Baltics, and Central Asia. neighborhood and youth organizations They work in six program areas, in the United States to facilitate their including: education, agriculture, health, support of Peace Corps initiatives here small business development, urban and abroad. Area OfficesÐPeace Corps

Office Address Telephone

Atlanta, GA (AL, FL, GA, MS, SC, TN) ...... Rm. 2324, 101 Marietta St. NW., 30323 ...... 404±331±2932 Boston, MA (MA, ME, NH, RI, VT) ...... Rm. 450, 10 Causeway St., 02222 ...... 617±565±5555 Chicago, IL (IL, IN, KY, MI, MO, OH) ...... Suite 450, 55 W. Monroe St., 60603 ...... 312±353±4990 Dallas, TX (AR, LA, NM, OK, TX) ...... Rm. 230, 400 N. Ervay St., P.O. Box 638, 75221 ... 214±767±5435 Denver, CO (CO, KS, NE, UT, WY) ...... Rm. 550, 140 E. 19th Ave., 80203 ...... 303±866±1057 Los Angeles, CA (AZ, southern CA) ...... Suite 8104, 11000 Wilshire Blvd., 90024 ...... 310±235±7444 Minneapolis, MS (IA, MN, ND, SD, WI) ...... Suite 420, 330 2d Ave. S., 55401 ...... 612±348±1480 New York, NY (CT, NJ, NY, PA, PR) ...... Rm. 611, 6 World Trade Ctr., 10048 ...... 212±466±2477 Arlington, VA (DC, DE, MD, NC, VA, WV) ...... Suite 400, 1400 Wilson Blvd., 22209 ...... 703±235±9191 San Francisco, CA (northern CA, HI, NV) ...... Suite 600, 333 Market St., 94105 ...... 415±977±8800 Seattle, WA (AK, ID, MT, OR, WA) ...... Rm. 1776, 2001 6th Ave., 98121 ...... 206±553±5490 PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION 645

Sources of Information 606–3950. For recorded employment opportunities, call 202–606–3214. Becoming a Peace Corps Volunteer Contact the nearest area office. Phone, General Inquiries Information or 800–424–8580, extension 2293 (toll- assistance may be obtained by free). contacting the Peace Corps’ Washington, Employment Contact the Peace Corps, DC, headquarters or any of its area Office of Human Resource Management, offices. Frequently, information is Washington, DC 20526. Phone, 202– available from local post offices.

For further information, contact the Press Office, Peace Corps, 1990 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20526. Phone, 202–606–3010; or 800–424–8580 (toll-free). Fax, 202–606–3108.

PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION 1200 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20005 Phone, 202–326–4000

Board of Directors: Chairman (Secretary of Labor) ALEXIS M. HERMAN Members: (Secretary of the Treasury) ROBERT E. RUBIN (Secretary of Commerce) WILLIAM M. DALEY Officials: Executive Director JOHN SEAL, Acting Deputy Executive Director and Chief NELL HENNESSY Negotiator Deputy Executive Director and Chief JOSEPH H. GRANT Operating Officer Deputy Executive Director and Chief Financial N. ANTHONY CALHOUN Officer Deputy Executive Director and Chief KATHLEEN BLUNT, Acting Management Officer Assistant Executive Director for Legislative and JUDY SCHUB Congressional Affairs Director, Budget Department HENRY R. THOMPSON Director, Communications and Public Affairs JUDITH WELLES Department Director, Contracts and Controls Review DALE WILLIAMS Department Director, Corporate Finance and ANDREA E. SCHNEIDER Negotiations Department Director, Corporate Policy and Research STUART A. SIRKIN Department Director, Facilities and Services Department JANET A. SMITH Director, Financial Operations Department EDWARD KNAPP General Counsel JAMES J. KEIGHTLEY Director, Human Resources Department SHARON BARBEE-FLETCHER Director, Information Resources CRIS BIRCH Management Department Inspector General WAYNE ROBERT POLL Director, Insurance Operations Department BENNIE L. HAGANS 646 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Participant and Employer Appeals HARRIET D. VERBURG Department Director, Procurement Department ROBERT W. HERTING

The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation guarantees payment of nonforfeitable pension benefits in covered private-sector defined benefit pension plans.

The Pension Benefit Guaranty procedural and legal requirements are Corporation is a self-financing, wholly met. In either termination, the plan owned Government corporation subject administrator must inform participants in to the Government Corporation Control writing at least 60 days prior to the date Act (31 U.S.C. 9101–9109). The the administrator proposes to terminate Corporation, established by Title IV of the plan. Only a plan which has the Employee Retirement Income sufficient assets to pay all benefit Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1301– liabilities may terminate in a standard 1461), is governed by a Board of termination. The Corporation also may Directors consisting of the Secretaries of institute termination proceedings in Labor, Commerce, and the Treasury. The certain specified circumstances. Secretary of Labor is Chairman of the Multiemployer Insurance Under title Board. A seven-member Advisory IV, as originally enacted, the Corporation Committee, composed of two labor, two guaranteed nonforfeitable benefits for business, and three public members multiemployer plans in a similar fashion appointed by the President, advises the as for single-employer plans. However, agency on various matters. the multiemployer program was revised in 1980 by the Multiemployer Pension Activities Plan Amendments Act (29 U.S.C. 1001 note) which changed the insurable event Coverage The Corporation insures most from plan termination to plan private-sector defined benefit pension insolvency. The Corporation now plans that provide a pension benefit provides financial assistance to plans based on factors such as age, years of that are unable to pay nonforfeitable service, and salary. The Corporation administers two benefits. The plans are obligated to insurance programs separately covering repay such assistance. The act also made single-employer and multiemployer employers withdrawing from a plan plans. More than 42 million workers liable to the plan for a portion of its participate in approximately 55,000 unfunded vested benefits. covered plans. Premium Collections All defined Single-Employer Insurance Under the benefit pension plans insured by PBGC single-employer program, the are required to pay premiums to the Corporation guarantees payment of Corporation according to rates set by certain pension benefits if an insured Congress. The annual premium per plan plan terminates without sufficient assets participant for multiemployer pension to pay those benefits. However, the law plans is $2.60 for plan years beginning limits the total monthly benefit that the after September 26, 1988. The basic agency may guarantee for one individual premium for all single-employer plans is to $2,642.05 per month, at age 65, for $19 per participant per year. a plan terminating during 1996, and sets Underfunded single-employer plans must other restrictions on PBGC’s guarantee. also pay an additional premium equal to The Corporation may also pay some $9 per $1,000 of unfunded vested benefits above the guaranteed amount benefits, subject to a cap that will be depending on amounts recovered from phased out by the end of 1997. the employer responsible for the plan. A plan administrator may terminate a Sources of Information single-employer plan in a ‘‘standard’’ or The Pension Benefit Guaranty ‘‘distress’’ termination if certain Corporation provides information PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION 647 OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL DIRECTOR, LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMUNICATIONS AND HUMAN BUDGET SERVICES OFFICER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT PROCUREMENT FACILITIES AND DIRECTOR AND DEPUTY EXECUTIVE CHIEF MANAGEMENT

DIRECTOR BOARD OF EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS FINANCIAL RESOURCES OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT INFORMATION MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS AND DIRECTOR AND CONTROLS REVIEW DEPUTY EXECUTIVE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY ADVISORY COMMITTEE INSURANCE OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OFFICE OF THE AND RESEARCH DIRECTOR AND GENERAL COUNSEL CORPORATE POLICY DEPUTY EXECUTIVE CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER CORPORATE FINANCE AND DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT NEGOTIATIONS DIRECTOR AND PARTICIPANT AND EMPLOYER APPEALS CHIEF NEGOTIATOR DEPUTY EXECUTIVE 648 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL electronically through the Internet, at http://www.pbgc.gov/.

For further information, contact the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, 1200 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20005–4026. Phone, 202–326–4000.

POSTAL RATE COMMISSION 1333 H Street NW., Washington, DC 20268–0001 Phone, 202–789–6800. Fax, 202–789–6861

Chairman EDWARD J. GLEIMAN Special Counsel JAMES PIERCE MYERS Vice Chairman W.H. LEBLANC III Special Assistant JOHN B. KEELEY Commissioner GEORGE W. HALEY Special Assistant IRVIN H. BROMALL Commissioner H. EDWARD QUICK, JR. Special Assistant JANET L. GREENE Commissioner (VACANCY) Special Assistant (VACANCY) Special Assistant to the Commission ROBERT W. MITCHELL Chief Administrative Officer and Secretary MARGARET P. CRENSHAW Legal Advisor STEPHEN L. SHARFMAN Director, Office of Rates, Analysis and ROBERT COHEN Planning Assistant Director, Office of Rates, Analysis WILLIAM FERGUSON and Planning Director, Office of the Consumer Advocate W. GAIL WILLETTE Assistant Director, Office of the Consumer E. RAND COSTICH Advocate Personnel Officer CYRIL J. PITTACK [For the Postal Rate Commission statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 39, Part 3002]

The major responsibility of the Postal Rate Commission is to submit recommended decisions to the United States Postal Service Governors on postage rates, fees, and mail classifications.

The Postal Rate Commission is an on its own initiative, the Commission independent agency created by the recommends and issues advisory Postal Reorganization Act, as amended opinions to the Board of Governors of (39 U.S.C. 3601–3604). It is composed the U.S. Postal Service on changes in of five Commissioners, appointed by the rates or fees in each class of mail or type President with the advice and consent of of service. It studies and submits the Senate, one of whom is designated recommended decisions on establishing as Chairman. or changing the mail classification The Commission promulgates rules schedule and holds on-the-record and regulations, establishes procedures, hearings that are lawfully required to and takes other actions necessary to attain sound and fair recommendations. carry out its obligations. Acting upon It initiates studies on postal matters, such requests from the U.S. Postal Service or as cost theory and operations. RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD 649

The Commission also receives, studies, available through the Internet, at http:// conducts hearings, and issues www.prc.gov/, and through the recommended decisions and reports to Commission’s electronic bulletin board the Postal Service on complaints service. Phone (modem), 202–789–6891. received from interested persons relating Electronic mail can be sent to the to postage rates, postal classifications, Commission at [email protected] and and problems of national scope [email protected]. regarding postal services. Additionally, Reading Room Facilities for inspection the Commission has appellate and copying of records, viewing jurisdiction to review Postal Service determinations to close or consolidate automated daily lists of docketed small post offices. materials, and accessing the Commission’s Internet site are located at Sources of Information Suite 300, 1333 H Street, Washington, DC. The room is open from 8 a.m. to 5 Employment The Commission’s p.m., Monday through Friday, except programs require attorneys, economists, legal holidays. statisticians, accountants, industrial engineers, marketing specialists, and Rules of Practice and Procedure The administrative and clerical personnel. Postal Rate Commission’s Rules of Requests for employment information Practice and Procedure governing the should be directed to the Personnel conduct of proceedings before the Officer. Commission may be found in part 3001 Electronic Access Electronic access to of title 39 of the Code of Federal current docketed case materials is Regulations.

For further information, contact the Secretary, Postal Rate Commission, 1333 H Street NW., Washington, DC 20268–0001. Phone, 202–789–6840.

RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD 844 North Rush Street, Chicago, IL 60611–2092 Phone, 312–751–4776. Fax, 312–751–7154 Office of Legislative Affairs: Suite 500, 1310 G Street NW., Washington, DC 20005–3004 Phone, 202–272–7742. Fax, 202–272–7728

Chairman GLEN L. BOWER Labor Member V.M. SPEAKMAN, JR. Management Member JEROME F. KEVER Inspector General MARTIN J. DICKMAN General Counsel CATHERINE C. COOK Deputy General Counsel STEVEN A. BARTHOLOW Director, Hearings and Appeals DALE G. ZIMMERMAN Director, Legislative Affairs MARIAN P. GIBSON Director, Programs BOBBY V. FERGUSON Director, Assessment and Training CATHERINE A. LEYSER Director, Field Service RONALD J. DAMMON Director, Operations ROBERT J. DUDA Director, Policy and Systems JOHN L. THORESDALE Director, Resource Management Center MARTHA M. BARRINGER Director, Administration KENNETH P. BOEHNE Chief Actuary FRANK J. BUZZI Chief Financial Officer PETER A. LARSON 650 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Chief Information Officer (VACANCY) Director of Equal Opportunity LEO FRANKLIN Director, Personnel CHARLENE T. KUKLA Director, Public Affairs WILLIAM G. POULOS Director, Quality Assurance (VACANCY) Director, Supply and Service HENRY M. VALIULIS Secretary to the Board BEATRICE E. EZERSKI [For the Railroad Retirement Board statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 20, Part 200]

The Railroad Retirement Board administers comprehensive retirement-survivor and unemployment-sickness benefit programs for the Nation’s railroad workers and their families.

The Railroad Retirement Board was various lump-sum benefits are also established by the Railroad Retirement available under certain conditions. Act of 1934, as amended (45 U.S.C. Benefits based upon qualifying 201—228z–1). The Board derives statutory authority railroad earnings in a preceding one-year from the Railroad Retirement Act of period are provided under the Railroad 1974 (45 U.S.C. 231–231u) and the Unemployment Insurance Act to Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act individuals who are unemployed in a (45 U.S.C. 351–369). It administers these benefit year, but who are ready and acts and participates in the willing to work, and to individuals who administration of the Social Security Act are unable to work because of sickness and the Health Insurance for the Aged or injury. Act insofar as they affect railroad retirement beneficiaries. The Board maintains, through its field The Board is composed of three offices, a placement service for members appointed by the President unemployed railroad personnel. with the advice and consent of the Senate—one upon recommendations of Sources of Information representatives of employees; one upon recommendations of carriers; and one, Benefit Inquiries The Board maintains the Chairman, as a public member. direct contact with railroad employees and railroad retirement beneficiaries Activities through its field offices located across The Railroad Retirement Act provides for the country. Field personnel explain the payment of annuities to individuals benefit rights and responsibilities on an who have completed at least 10 years of individual basis, assist employees creditable service and have ceased applying for benefits, and answer compensated service upon their questions related to the benefit attainment of specified ages, or at any programs. age if permanently disabled for all To locate the nearest field office, employment. In some circumstances individuals should check with their rail occupational disability annuities or employer, local union official, local post supplemental annuities are provided for office, or one of the regional offices career employees. listed below. Most offices are open to A spouse’s annuity is provided, under the public from 9 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., certain conditions, for the wife or husband of an employee annuitant. Monday through Friday. The Board also Divorced spouses may also qualify. relies on railroad labor groups and Survivor annuities are awarded to the employers for assistance in keeping qualified spouses, children, and parents railroad personnel informed about its of deceased career employees, and benefit programs. RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD 651 EQUAL QUALITY SERVICES OFFICE OF BUREAU OF BUREAU OF PERSONNEL BUREAU OF ASSURANCE INFORMATION OPPORTUNITY OFFICE OF OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS ADMINISTRATION FISCAL SERVICE BUREAU OF BUREAU OF BUREAU OF THE BOARD SUPPLY AND OPERATIONS THE ACTUARY SECRETARY TO LAW AFFAIRS APPEALS OFFICE OF OFFICE OF CHAIRMAN BUREAU OF BUREAU OF LEGISLATIVE THE BOARD HEARINGS AND LABOR MEMBER GENERAL COUNSEL MANAGEMENT MEMBER RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD AND CENTER TRAINING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL FIELD SERVICE OFFICE OF PROGRAMS AND POLICY SYSTEMS OPERATIONS 652 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Regional OfficesÐRailroad Retirement Board

City Address Director Telephone

Atlanta, GA ...... Rm. 1703, 401 W. Peachtree St., 30365±2550 .. Patricia Lawson ...... 404±331±2691 Denver, CO ...... Suite 3300, 1999 Broadway, 80202±5737 ...... Louis E. Austin ...... 303±844±0800 Philadelphia, PA ...... Suite 670, 1421 Cherry St., 19102±1413 ...... Richard D. Baird ...... 215±656±6947

Employment Inquiries and applications annual reports or statistical data should for employment should be directed to be directed to the Director of Public the Director of Personnel, Railroad Affairs at the Chicago headquarters. Retirement Board, 844 North Rush Phone, 312–751–4776. Street, Chicago, IL 60611–2092. Phone, Electronic Access Railroad Retirement 312–751–4570. Board information is available Congressional Assistance Congressional electronically through the Internet, at offices making inquiries regarding http://www.rrb.gov/. Information is constituents’ claims should contact the available on CompuServe by entering Office of Public Affairs, Congressional ‘‘GO TRAINNET’’; select the Library Inquiry Section. Phone, 312–751–4974. Section and then ‘‘RR Retirement Information regarding legislative matters Board.’’ may be obtained through the Office of Telecommunications Devices for the Legislative Affairs. Phone, 202–272– Deaf (TDD) The Board provides TDD 7742. services from 9 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. (CST/ Publications General information CDT) daily. Phone, 312–751–4701 for pamphlets on benefit programs may be beneficiary inquiries; 312–751–4334 for obtained from the Board’s field offices or employment or equal opportunity Chicago headquarters. Requests for inquiries.

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Railroad Retirement Board, 844 North Rush Street, Chicago, IL 60611–2092. Phone, 312–751–4776.

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 450 Fifth Street NW., Washington, DC 20549 Phone, 202–942–4150

Chairman ARTHUR LEVITT Commissioners STEVEN M.H. WALLMAN, NORMAN S. JOHNSON, ISAAC C. HUNT, JR., (VACANCY) Secretary JONATHAN G. KATZ Executive Director JAMES M. MCCONNELL Chief of Staff JENNIFER SCARDINO General Counsel RICHARD H. WALKER Director, Division of Corporation Finance BRIAN J. LANE Director, Division of Enforcement WILLIAM R. MCLUCAS Director, Division of Investment Management BARRY P. BARBASH Director, Division of Market Regulation RICHARD R. LINDSEY Director, Office of Compliance Inspections and LORI A. RICHARDS Examinations Chief Accountant MICHAEL H. SUTTON Chief Administrative Law Judge BRENDA P. MURRAY Chief Economist ERIC R. SIRRI Director, Office of International Affairs MARISA LAGO SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 653

Director, Office of Municipal Securities PAUL S. MACO Director, Office of Public Affairs, Policy (VACANCY) Evaluation, and Research Director, Office of Legislative Affairs KAYE F. WILLIAMS Inspector General WALTER STACHNIK Director, Office of Equal Employment VICTOR H. TYNES, JR. Opportunity Director, Office of Investor Education and NANCY M. SMITH Assistance Associate Executive Director, Office of FERNANDO L. ALEGRIA, JR. Administrative and Personnel Management Associate Executive Director, Office of the JAMES DONAHUE Comptroller Associate Executive Director, Office of Filings WILSON A. BUTLER and Information Services Associate Executive Director, Office of MICHAEL E. BARTELL Information Technology [For the Securities and Exchange Commission statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 17, Part 200]

The Securities and Exchange Commission administers Federal securities laws that seek to provide protection for investors; to ensure that securities markets are fair and honest; and, when necessary, to provide the means to enforce securities laws through sanctions.

The Securities and Exchange Commission registration statements Commission was created under authority containing financial and other pertinent of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 data about the issuer and the securities (15 U.S.C. 78a–78jj) and was organized being offered. It is unlawful to sell such on July 2, 1934. The Commission serves securities unless a registration statement as adviser to United States district courts is in effect. There are limited in connection with reorganization exemptions, such as government proceedings for debtor corporations in securities, nonpublic offerings, and which there is a substantial public intrastate offerings, as well as certain interest. The Commission also has offerings not exceeding $1.5 million. The certain responsibilities under section 15 effectiveness of a registration statement of the Bretton Woods Agreements Act of may be refused or suspended after a 1945 (22 U.S.C. 286k–1) and section public hearing if the statement contains 851(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of material misstatements or omissions, thus 1954 (26 U.S.C. 851(e)). barring sale of the securities until it is The Commission is vested with quasi- appropriately amended. judicial functions. Persons aggrieved by Registration of securities does not its decisions in the exercise of those imply approval of the issue by the Commission or that the Commission has functions have a right of review by the found the registration disclosures to be United States courts of appeals. accurate. It does not insure investors Activities against loss in their purchase, but serves rather to provide information upon Full and Fair Disclosure The Securities which investors may make an informed Act of 1933 (15 U.S.C. 77a) requires and realistic evaluation of the worth of issuers of securities and their controlling the securities. persons making public offerings of Persons responsible for filing false securities in interstate commerce or information with the Commission subject through the mails, directly or by others themselves to the risk of fine or on their behalf, to file with the imprisonment or both. Similarly, persons 654 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL SECRETARY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY GENERAL COUNSEL POLICY RESEARCH EVALUATION, AND EVALUATION, PUBLIC AFFAIRS, PUBLIC SERVICES FILINGS AND FILINGS INFORMATION MUNICIPAL SECURITIES AND COMPLIANCE INSPECTIONS EXAMINATIONS COMPTROLLER AFFAIRS INTERNATIONAL MARKET REGULATION MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATIVE AND PERSONNEL GENERAL INSPECTOR DIRECTOR EXECUTIVE SOUTHEAST EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY PACIFIC INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION SECURITIES ANALYSIS ECONOMIC NORTHEAST ENFORCEMENT INVESTOR ASSISTANCE EDUCATION AND EDUCATION COMMISSIONER COMMISSIONER CHAIRMAN COMMISSIONER COMMISSIONER MIDWEST CHIEF ACCOUNTANT FINANCE CORPORATION CENTRAL LAW JUDGES LAW ADMINISTRATIVE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 655 connected with the public offering may In addition, the Commission has broad be liable for damages to purchasers of rulemaking authority over the activities the securities if the disclosures in the of brokers, dealers, municipal securities registration statement and prospectus are dealers, securities information materially defective. Also, the above act processors, and transfer agents. The contains antifraud provisions that apply Commission may regulate such securities generally to the sale of securities, trading practices as short sales and whether or not registered (15 U.S.C. 77a stabilizing transactions. It may regulate et seq.). the trading of options on national Regulation of Securities Markets The securities exchanges and the activities of Securities Exchange Act of 1934 assigns members of exchanges who trade on the to the Commission broad regulatory trading floors. The Commission may responsibilities over the securities adopt rules governing broker-dealer sales markets, the self-regulatory organizations practices in dealing with investors. The within the securities industry, and Commission also is authorized to adopt persons conducting a business in rules concerning the financial securities. Persons who execute responsibility of brokers and dealers and transactions in securities generally are reports made by them. required to register with the Commission The act also requires the filing of as broker-dealers. Securities exchanges registration statements and annual and other reports with national securities and certain clearing agencies are exchanges and the Commission by required to register with the companies whose securities are listed Commission, and associations of brokers upon the exchanges, and by companies or dealers are permitted to register with that have assets of $5 million or more the Commission. The act also provides and 500 or more shareholders of record. for the establishment of the Municipal In addition, companies that distributed Securities Rulemaking Board to securities pursuant to a registration formulate rules for the municipal statement declared effective by the securities industry. Commission under the Securities Act of The Commission oversees the self- 1933 must also file annual and other regulatory activities of the national reports with the Commission. Such securities exchanges and associations, applications and reports must contain registered clearing agencies, and the financial and other data prescribed by Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board. the Commission as necessary or In addition, the Commission regulates appropriate for the protection of industry professionals, such as securities investors and to ensure fair dealing. In brokers and dealers, certain municipal addition, the solicitation of proxies, securities professionals, government authorizations, or consents from holders securities brokers and dealers, and of such registered securities must be transfer agents. made in accordance with rules and The act authorizes national securities regulations prescribed by the exchanges, national securities Commission. These rules provide for associations, clearing agencies, and the disclosures to securities holders of Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board information relevant to the subject to adopt rules that are designed, among matter of the solicitation. other things, to promote just and Disclosure of the holdings and equitable principles of trade and to transactions by officers, directors, and protect investors. The Commission is large (10-percent) holders of equity required to approve or disapprove most securities of companies also is required, proposed rules of these self-regulatory and any and all persons who acquire organizations and has the power to more than 5 percent of certain equity abrogate or amend existing rules of the securities are required to file detailed national securities exchanges, national information with the Commission and securities associations, and the any exchange upon which such Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board. securities may be traded. Moreover, any 656 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL person making a tender offer for certain system and requires simplification of classes of equity securities is required to complex corporate and capital structures file reports with the Commission if, as a and elimination of unfair distribution of result of the tender offer, such person voting power among holders of system would own more than 5 percent of the securities. outstanding shares of the particular class The issuance and sale of securities by of equity security involved. The holding companies and their Commission also is authorized to subsidiaries, unless exempt (subject to promulgate rules governing the conditions and terms that the repurchase by a corporate issuer of its Commission is empowered to impose) as own securities. an issue expressly authorized by the Regulation of Mutual Funds and Other State commission in the State in which Investment Companies The Investment the issuer is incorporated, must be found Company Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. 80a– by the Commission to meet certain 1—80a–64) requires investment statutory standards. companies to register with the The purchase and sale of utility Commission and regulates their activities properties and other assets may not be to protect investors. The regulation made in contravention of rules, covers sales load, management regulations, or orders of the Commission contracts, composition of boards of regarding the consideration to be directors, and capital structure. received, maintenance of competitive The act prohibits investment conditions, fees and commissions, companies from engaging in various accounts, disclosure of interest, and transactions, including transactions with similar matters. In passing upon affiliated persons, unless the Commission proposals for reorganization, merger, or first determines that such transactions are consolidation, the Commission must be fair. In addition, the act provides a satisfied that the objectives of the act somewhat parallel but less stringent generally are complied with and that the regulation of business development terms of the proposal are fair and companies. equitable to all classes of securities Under the act, the Commission may holders affected. institute court action to enjoin the Regulation of Investment Advisers The consummation of mergers and other Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (15 plans of reorganization of investment U.S.C. 80b–1—80b–21) provides that companies if such plans are unfair to persons who, for compensation, engage securities holders. It also may impose in the business of advising others with sanctions by administrative proceedings respect to securities must register with against investment company the Commission. The act prohibits management for violations of the act and certain fee arrangements, makes other Federal securities laws and file fraudulent or deceptive practices on the court actions to enjoin acts and practices part of investment advisers unlawful, and of management officials involving requires, among other things, disclosure breaches of fiduciary duty and personal of any adverse personal interests the misconduct and to disqualify such advisers may have in transactions that officials from office. they effect for clients. The act authorizes Regulation of Companies Controlling the Commission, by rule, to define Utilities The Public Utility Holding fraudulent and deceptive practices and Company Act of 1935 (15 U.S.C. 79a— prescribe means to prevent those 79z–6) provides for regulation by the practices. Commission of the purchase and sale of Rehabilitation of Failing Corporations securities and assets by companies in Chapter 11, section 1109(a), of the electric and gas utility holding company Bankruptcy Code (11 U.S.C. 1109) systems, their intrasystem transactions provides for Commission participation as and service, and management a statutory party in corporate arrangements. It limits holding reorganization proceedings administered companies to a single coordinated utility in Federal courts. The principal functions SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 657 of the Commission are to protect the upon investors or otherwise violate the interests of public investors involved in laws; such cases through efforts to ensure their —suspend or revoke the registrations adequate representation, and to of brokers, dealers, investment participate in legal and policy issues that companies, and investment advisers who are of concern to public investors willfully engage in such acts and generally. practices; Representation of Debt Securities —suspend or bar from association Holders The interests of purchasers of persons associated with brokers, dealers, publicly offered debt securities issued investment companies, and investment pursuant to trust indentures are advisers who have violated any safeguarded under the provisions of the provision of the Federal securities laws; Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S.C. and 77aaa–77bbbb). This act, among other —prosecute persons who have things, requires the exclusion from such engaged in fraudulent activities or other indentures of certain types of willful violations of those laws. exculpatory clauses and the inclusion of certain protective provisions. The In addition, attorneys, accountants, independence of the indenture trustee, and other professionals who violate the who is a representative of the debt securities laws face possible loss of their holder, is assured by proscribing certain privilege to practice before the relationships that might conflict with the Commission. proper exercise of his duties. To this end, private investigations are Enforcement Activities The conducted into complaints or other Commission’s enforcement activities are indications of securities violations. designed to secure compliance with the Evidence thus established of law Federal securities laws administered by violations is used in appropriate the Commission and the rules and administrative proceedings to revoke regulations adopted thereunder. These registration or in actions instituted in activities include measures to: Federal courts to restrain or enjoin such —compel obedience to the disclosure activities. Where the evidence tends to requirements of the registration and establish criminal fraud or other willful other provisions of the acts; violation of the securities laws, the facts —prevent fraud and deception in the are referred to the Attorney General for purchase and sale of securities; criminal prosecution of the offenders. —obtain court orders enjoining acts The Commission may assist in such and practices that operate as a fraud prosecutions. Regional/District OfficesÐSecurities and Exchange Commission (R: Regional Director; D: District Administrator)

Region/District Address Officer Telephone

Northeast New York, NY ...... Suite 1300, 7 World Trade Ctr., 10048 Carmen J. Lawrence (R) 202±748±8000 Boston, MA ...... Suite 600, 73 Tremont St., 02108±3912 Juan Marcel Marcelino (D) 617±424±5900 Philadelphia, PA ...... Suite 1005 E., 601 Walnut St., 19106± Ronald C. Long (D) 215±597±3100 3322 Southeast Miami, FL ...... Suite 200, 1401 Brickell Ave., 33131 Charles V. Senatore (R) 305±536±4700 Atlanta, GA ...... Suite 1000, 3475 Lenox Rd. NE., 30326± Richard P. Wessel (D) 404±842±7600 1232 Midwest Chicago, IL ...... Suite 1400, 500 W. Madison St., 60661± Mary Keefe (R) 312±353±7390 2511 Central Denver, CO ...... Suite 4800, 1801 California St., 80202± Daniel F. Shea (R) 303±844±1000 2648 Fort Worth, TX ...... Suite 1900, 801 Cherry St., 76102 Harold F. Degenhardt (D) 817±978±3821 Salt Lake City, UT ...... Suite 500, 50 S. Main St., 84144±0402 Kenneth D. Israel, Jr. (D) 801±524±5796 658 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Regional/District OfficesÐSecurities and Exchange Commission—Continued (R: Regional Director; D: District Administrator)

Region/District Address Officer Telephone

Pacific Los Angeles, CA ...... Suite 1100, 5670 Wilshire Blvd., 90036± Elaine M. Cacheris (R) 213±965±3998 3648 San Francisco, CA ...... Suite 1100, 44 Montgomery St., 94104 David B. Bayless (D) 415±705±2500

Sources of Information interview purposes. Inquiries should be directed to the Office of Administrative Inquiries regarding the following matters should be directed to the appropriate and Personnel Management. Phone, office, Securities and Exchange 202–942–4000. Fax, 202–914–0592. Commission, 450 Fifth Street NW., Investor Information and Protection Washington, DC 20549. Complaints and inquiries may be Consumer Activities Publications directed to headquarters or to any detailing the Commission’s activities, regional or district office. Registration which include material of assistance to statements and other public documents the potential investor, are available from filed with the Commission are available the Publications Unit. In addition, the for public inspection in the public Office of Investor Education and reference room at the home office. Much Assistance answers questions from of the information also is available at the investors, assists investors with specific Northeast and Midwest regional offices. problems regarding their relations with Copies of the public material may be broker-dealers and companies, and purchased from the Commission’s advises the Commission and other contract copying service at prescribed offices and divisions regarding problems rates. frequently encountered by investors and Publications Official Summary—A possible regulatory solutions to such monthly summary of securities problems. Phone, 202–942–7040. Toll- transactions and holding of officers, free consumer information line, 1–800– directors, and principal stockholders SEC–0330. Fax, 202–942–9634. ($30 per issue) is available through the Contracts Contact the Office of Superintendent of Documents, Administrative and Personnel Government Printing Office, Management. Phone, 202–942–4000. Washington, DC 20402. Phone, 202– Electronic Access Information on the Commission is available through the 512–1800. Internet, at http://www.sec.gov/. Reading Rooms The Commission Employment With the exception of the maintains a public reference room and attorney category, positions are in the also a library (phone, 202–942–7090; competitive civil service and are filled fax, 202–942–9629), where additional generally by selection from lists of information may be obtained. eligibles established as a result of Small Business Activities Information appropriate civil service examinations. on securities laws that pertain to small The Commission operates a college and businesses in relation to securities law school recruitment program, offerings may be obtained from the including on-campus visitations for Commission. Phone, 202–942–2950.

For further information, contact the Office of Public Affairs, Securities and Exchange Commission, 450 Fifth Street NW., Washington, DC 20549. Phone, 202–942–0020. Fax, 202–942–9654. Internet, http:// www.sec.gov/. SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM 659

SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM National Headquarters, Arlington, VA 22209–2425 Phone, 703–605–4000

Director GIL CORONADO Deputy Director (VACANCY) Executive Director WILLIE L. BLANDING, JR. Chief of Staff LT. COL. ROGELIO RODRIGUEZ, USAF Special Assistant ARCHIBALD J. KIELLY Inspector General ALFRED RASCON Financial Manager JOSEPH S. TROPEA Counselor and General Counsel HENRY N. WILLIAMS Director for Information Management NORMAN W. MILLER Director for Operations COL. JUSTO GONZALEZ, USA Director for Resource Management CAROLYN ZAMORA Director for Public and Congressional Affairs LEWIS C. BRODSKY [For the Selective Service System statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 32, Part 1605]

The purpose of the Selective Service System is to be prepared to supply to the Armed Forces human resources adequate to ensure the security of the United States, with concomitant regard for the maintenance of an effective national economy.

The Selective Service System was at U.S. Embassies and consulates outside established by the Military Selective the United States. Service Act (50 U.S.C. app. 451–471a). The act imposes liability for training The act authorizes the registration of and service in the Armed Forces upon male citizens of the United States and all registrants who are between the ages of 1 other male persons who are in the 18 ⁄2 and 26, except those who are United States and who are between the exempted or deferred. Persons who have been deferred remain liable for training ages of 181⁄2 and 26. The act exempts and service until age 35. Aliens are not members of the active Armed Forces and liable for training and service until they foreign diplomatic and consular have remained in the United States for personnel from registration and liability more than one year. Conscientious for training and service. Likewise objectors who are found to be opposed exempted are nonimmigrant aliens. to any service in the Armed Forces are Proclamation 4771 of July 2, 1980, required to perform civilian work in lieu requires male persons born after January of induction into the Armed Forces. 1, 1960, and who have attained age 18 The authority to induct registrants, to register. Registration is conducted at including doctors and allied medical post offices within the United States and specialists, expired July 1, 1973. Regional OfficesÐSelective Service System

Region/Address Director Telephone

North Chicago, IL (Suite 276, 2500 Green Bay Rd., 60064±3038) ...... Col. Ronald V. Meilstrup, 847±688±4540 USAFR. Marietta, GA (Suite 4, 805 Walker St., 30060±2731) ...... Col. Keith A. Scragg, USAFR ..... 770±590±6602 Denver, CO (Suite 1, 7245 E. Irvington Pl., 80220±6920) ...... Col. Wayne McDonald, USAFR 303±676±7809 660 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL SYSTEMS SUPPORT INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY REGION III DENVER, CO PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS INSPECTOR GENERAL LOGISTICS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT REGION II FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT MARIETTA, GA HUMAN RESOURCES OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR REGION I SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM SELECTIVE SERVICE NORTH CHICAGO, IL PUBLIC AND CONGRESSIONAL AFFAIRS TRAINING COUNSELOR AND GENERAL COUNSEL OPERATIONS NORTH CHICAGO, IL DATA MANAGEMENT CENTER READINESS REGISTRATION SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 661

Sources of Information Publications Selective Service Employment Inquiries and applications Regulations appear in chapter XVI of title should be directed to the Director, 32 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Selective Service System, Attn: RMH, Requirements of Law Persons desiring Arlington, VA 22209–2425. Phone, 703– information concerning the requirements 605–4056. of the Military Selective Service Act Procurement Inquiries should be should contact the National directed to the Director, Selective Headquarters of the Selective Service Service System, Attn: RML, Arlington, VA System. Phone, 703–605–4000. 22209–2425. Phone, 703–605–4040.

For further information, contact the Office of Public and Congressional Affairs, Selective Service System, Arlington, VA 22209–2425. Phone, 703–605–4100.

SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 409 Third Street SW., Washington, DC 20416 Phone, 202–205–6600. Fax, 202–205–7064

Administrator AIDA ALVAREZ Deputy Administrator GINGER LEW Counselor to the Administrator JEANNE SADDLER Chief of Staff PAUL WEECH Director, Executive Secretariat SUSAN WALTHALL, Acting General Counsel JOHN T. SPOTILA Chief Counsel for Advocacy JERE W. GLOVER Inspector General JAMES F. HOOBLER Chief Financial Officer LARRY WILSON Director, National Advisory Council MICHAEL NOVELLI Associate Administrator for Disaster Assistance BERNARD KULIK Associate Administrator for Field Operations KENNETH STRAM Associate Administrator for Public (VACANCY) Communications, Marketing, and Customer Service Assistant Administrator for Congressional and KRIS SWEDIN Legislative Affairs Assistant Administrator for Equal Employment ERLINE PATRICK Opportunity and Civil Rights Compliance Assistant Administrator for Hearings and MONA MITNICK Appeals Associate Deputy Administrator for ANTONELLA PIANALTO Management and Administration Assistant Administrator for Administration THOMAS DUMARESQ Assistant Administrator for Human Resources CAROLYN J. SMITH Assistant Administrator for Information LAWRENCE E. BARRETT Resources Management Associate Deputy Administrator for Economic JEANNE SCLATER, Acting Development Associate Administrator for Business MONIKA HARRISON Initiatives Associate Administrator for Financial JANE BUTLER, Acting Assistance 662 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Associate Administrator for Investment DON CHRISTENSEN Associate Administrator for Small Business JOHNNIE ALBERTSON Development Centers Associate Administrator for Surety ROBERT J. MOFFITT Guarantees Assistant Administrator for International EILEEN CASSIDY Trade Assistant Administrator for Native American QUANAH C. STAMPS Affairs Assistant Administrator for Veterans Affairs LEON J. BECHET Assistant Administrator for Women’s SHERRYE HENRY Business Ownership Associate Deputy Administrator for CALVIN JENKINS, Acting Government Contracting and Minority Enterprise Development Associate Administrator for Government JUDITH A. ROUSSEL Contracting Associate Administrator for Minority WILLIAM FISHER, Acting Enterprise Development Assistant Administrator for Size Standards GARY M. JACKSON Assistant Administrator for Technology DANIEL O. HILL [For the Small Business Administration statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 13, Part 101]

The fundamental purposes of the Small Business Administration are to aid, counsel, assist, and protect the interests of small business; ensure that small business concerns receive a fair portion of Government purchases, contracts, and subcontracts, as well as of the sales of Government property; make loans to small business concerns, State and local development companies, and the victims of floods or other catastrophes, or of certain types of economic injury; and license, regulate, and make loans to small business investment companies.

The Small Business Administration (SBA) small businesses to help them finance was created by the Small Business Act of plant construction, conversion, or 1953 and derives its present existence expansion and acquire equipment, and authority from the Small Business facilities, machinery, supplies, or Act (15 U.S.C. 631 et seq.). It also materials. It also provides them with derives its authority from the Small working capital. Since enactment of the Business Investment Act of 1958 (15 act of June 4, 1976 (90 Stat. 663), farms U.S.C. 661). The Secretary of Commerce are included within the term ‘‘small has delegated to the Administration business concerns.’’ certain responsibilities and functions The Administration may provide loan under section 202 of the Public Works guarantees to finance residential or and Economic Development Act of 1965 commercial construction or (42 U.S.C. 3142) and is further rehabilitation for sale as well as authorized to delegate to the revolving lines of credit, including those Administrator certain responsibilities and for export purposes, to qualified functions under chapter 3 of the Trade employee trusts. The Administration may Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2101). finance small firms that manufacture, sell, install, service, or develop specific Activities energy measures including engineering, Financial Assistance The architectural, consulting, or other Administration provides its guaranty to professional services connected with lending institutions which make loans to eligible energy measures. SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 663 PUBLIC LIAISON OFFICE OF ADVOCACY OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY OFFICE OF SIZE STANDARDS REGIONAL ADMINISTRATORS OFFICE OF FIELD OPERATIONS AND CIVIL RIGHTS COMPLIANCE OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS AND OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT CONTRACTING OFFICE OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER OFFICE OF EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY OFFICE OF MINORITY ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATE DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR FOR GOVERNMENT CONTRACTING AND MINORITY ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT CHIEF OF STAFF ADMINISTRATOR COUNSELOR TO THE OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATOR OFFICE OF HUMAN RESOURCES ASSOCIATE DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR FOR MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OFFICE OF INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS SMALL LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS INVESTMENT DIVISION DEVELOPMENT CENTERS OFFICE OF SMALL BUSINESS OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL OFFICE OF VETERANS' AFFAIRS OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL AND OFFICE OF BUSINESS INITIATIVES OFFICE OF SURETY GUARANTEES OFFICE OF DISASTER ASSISTANCE OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE OFFICE OF FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE OFFICE OF HEARINGS AND APPEALS FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL OFFICE OF NATIVE AMERICAN AFFAIRS ASSOCIATE DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR OFFICE OF WOMEN'S BUSINESS OWNERSHIP 664 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The Administration may also provide contractors who find bonding assistance, through loans and grants to unavailable. It will guarantee to nonprofit organizations, to very small reimburse a qualified surety up to 90 businesses needing small-scale percent of losses incurred under bid, (microloan) financing and technical payment, or performance bonds issued assistance. to small contractors on contracts valued Under the provisions of sections 501– up to $1.25 million. The contracts may 506 of the Small Business Investment Act be for construction, supplies, (15 U.S.C. 695, 696), loans are made to manufacturing, or services provided by State and local development companies either a prime contractor or who likewise assist small businesses by subcontractor for governmental or providing long-term loans for the nongovernmental work. acquisition of land and buildings, For further information, contact the Office of construction, conversion, or expansion Surety Guarantee. Phone, 202–205–6540. of facilities, and the purchase of machinery and equipment. Government Contracting The For further information, contact the nearest Small Administration works closely with Business Administration district office. purchasing agencies of the Federal Government and with the Nation’s Disaster Assistance The Administration leading contractors in developing serves as the Federal disaster bank for policies and procedures that will nonfarm, private sector losses. It lends increase the number of contracts going money to help the victims of floods, to small business. riots, or other catastrophes repair or The Administration provides a wide replace most disaster-damaged property. range of services to small firms to help Direct loans with subsidized interest them obtain and fulfill Government rates are made to assist individuals, contracts and subcontracts. It sets aside homeowners, businesses of all sizes and suitable Government purchases for nonprofit organizations. In addition, low competitive award to small business interest long-term loans are available to concerns and provides an appeal small businesses and small agricultural procedure for a low-bidding small firm cooperatives without credit elsewhere whose ability to perform a contract is that have sustained substantial economic questioned by the contracting officer. injury resulting from natural disasters. The Administration develops subcontract opportunities for small businesses by For further information, contact the Office of Disaster Assistance. Phone, 202–205–6734. maintaining close contact with prime contractors and referring qualified small Investment The Administration firms to them. It cooperates with Federal licenses, regulates, and provides agencies in setting procurement goals for financial assistance to small business small businesses, small disadvantaged investment companies and section businesses, and small women-owned 301(d) licensees (formerly minority businesses for prime contracts and enterprise small business investment subcontracts. companies). The sole function of these The Administration maintains a investment companies is to provide computerized small business source venture capital in the form of equity referral system that provides qualified financing, long-term loan funds, and sources for Federal Government and management services to small business large business procurements. It concerns. cooperates with Government agencies in ensuring that small firms have an For further information, contact the Investment Division. Phone, 202–205–6510. opportunity to procure a fair share of Government property, such as timber, Surety Bonds Through its Surety Bond royalty oil, strategic materials, and Guarantee Program, the Administration mineral leases, that is sold to the private helps to make the contract bonding sector. The Administration also works process accessible to small and emerging with Federal agencies to ensure that SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 665 small firms have a fair opportunity to management and technical assistance acquire surplus Government property. program. Participation in the 8(a) program may For further information, contact the Office of Government Contracting. Phone, 202–205–6460. be made available to small businesses that are at least 51 percent Business Initiatives The Administration unconditionally owned, controlled, and develops and cosponsors counseling, managed by one or more individuals education, and training for small determined by SBA to be socially and businesses. The Administration has economically disadvantaged. In order to forged ongoing partnerships with gain approval for participation in the 8(a) resource partners to deliver most of the program, the firms must sell goods and/ business education and training or services that the Federal Government programs offered annually at low cost. purchases, and demonstrate the potential One-on-one counseling is provided free for successful business development. of charge by the Service Corps of Retired Program participants receive a wide Executives. variety of services from SBA including The Business Information Center (BIC) management and technical assistance, program is among the most innovative loans, and Federal contracts. Under 8(a) methods of providing small business program authority, SBA contracts with owners with a one-stop approach to Federal Government entities to provide information, education, and training. The goods and services and, in turn, Centers combine the latest computer subcontracts the performance of these technology, hardware, and software, an contracts to 8(a) program participants. extensive small business reference library Information regarding the program and of hard copy books and publications, 8(a) program applications are provided and current management videotapes to by SBA’s district offices. The Division of help clients venture into new business Program Certification and Eligibility areas. The use of software for a variety addresses issues related to 8(a) program of business applications offers clients of eligibility. The Division of Business all types a means of addressing their Development handles matters related to diverse needs. Although most BIC’s are 8(a) contract awards and the business stand-alone centers, in empowerment development of 8(a) participant firms. zones BIC’s will form the core element Under section 7(j) program authority, of one-stop capital shops. SBA provides management and technical In addition to education and training assistance to section 8(a) program events, SBA cosponsors fact sheets and participants, other socially and other materials, ranging from short, economically disadvantaged persons, single-topic flyers to detailed and those businesses operating in low- publications, on a variety of business income or high-unemployment areas. management and growth topics. The Administration enters into Among the most visible public/private cooperative agreements and contracts sector cosponsorships undertaken by with qualified organizations and SBA are those involving major individuals, including businesses, State corporations and the national Business and local governments, educational Information Center network. institutions, Indian tribes, and nonprofit organizations to provide this assistance. For further information, contact the Office of Business Initiatives. Phone, 202–205–6665. At the local level, services are provided on a one-to-one basis in the areas of Minority Enterprise Development bookkeeping and accounting services, Sections 7(j) and 8(a) of the Small production, engineering and technical Business Act provide the authority for advice, feasibility studies, marketing the Minority Enterprise Development analysis and advertising expertise, legal Program, designed to promote business services, and specialized management ownership by socially and economically training. The Administration also funds disadvantaged persons. Its components innovative programs to provide for include the 8(a) program and the 7(j) services in such areas as transition 666 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL management for 8(a) firms, competitive local business communities within their marketing strategies, financing, regions. comprehensive business plans, and For further information, contact the Office of financial management services. Advocacy. Phone, 202–205–6533. For further information, contact the Office of Minority Enterprise Development. Phone, 202–205– Women’s Business Ownership The 6412. Office of Women’s Business Ownership (OWBO) is authorized in section 412 of Advocacy The Office of Advocacy is the Small Business Act to provide mandated by Congress to serve as an assistance to the increasing number of independent spokesperson within public current and potential woman business policy councils for the more than 22.5 owners, and to act as their advocate in million small businesses throughout the the public and private sector. It is the country. The Office is headed by the only office in the Federal Government Chief Counsel for Advocacy, appointed specifically targeted to the Nation’s by the President with the advice and women business owners, assisting them consent of the Senate, who advances the in becoming full partners in economic views, concerns, and interests of small development through technical, business before the Congress, the White financial, and management information House, and Federal and State regulatory and training, business skills counseling, agencies. The Chief Counsel has specific and research. responsibilities for monitoring the Through a network of local SBA compliance of Federal agencies with the offices, OWBO offers a wide range of Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601), education and training services and which requires that Federal agencies resources. The Women’s Business analyze the impact of their regulations Ownership Act of 1988 and the on small entities and consider less Women’s Business Development Act of burdensome alternatives. The Chief 1991 authorized SBA to establish Counsel is also empowered to file demonstration projects to provide long- amicus curiae briefs in appellate court term training and counseling for women proceedings involving compliance with at every stage of their entrepreneurial the act. career. There are currently 53 Women’s The Office of Advocacy is one of the Business Centers in 28 States and the leading national sources for information District of Columbia, which provide on the state of small business and the community-based training and assistance issues that affect small business success on financial, management, marketing, and growth. It conducts economic and and procurement matters through a 3- statistical research into matters affecting year grant which must be matched by the competitive strength of small nonfederal funds. The centers offer business and analyzes the impact of assistance to current and potential Federal laws, regulations, and programs women business owners, tailored to the on small businesses, making particular needs of the community. recommendations to policymakers for The Women’s Network for appropriate adjustments to meet the Entrepreneurial Training (WNET) is a special needs of small business. year-long mentoring program linking Additionally, regional advocates seasoned entrepreneurs with women enhance communication between the whose businesses are poised for growth. small business community and the Chief Featuring the group mentoring format of Counsel. As the Chief Counsel’s direct the WNET Roundtable, the program aims link to local business owners, State and to help entrepreneurs avoid the common local government agencies, State mistakes of new business owners. legislatures, and small business The Office of Government Contracting organizations, they help identify new and OWOB have initiated a women’s issues and problems of small business by procurement pilot program with 11 monitoring the effect of Federal and major Federal procurement agencies, State regulations and policies on the with the goal of expanding the pool of SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 667 women-owned businesses receiving (SBIR). In accordance with the Small Federal contracts. These efforts include Business Research and Development trade fairs, marketing activities, Enhancement Act of 1992, as amended publications on Federal contracting, and (15 U.S.C. 631 note), the Office utilization of SBA’s Procurement develops and issues policy directives for Automated Source System (PASS). the general conduct of the programs In addition, the Women’s within the Federal Government and Prequalification Pilot Loan program, maintains a source file and information offered through district offices program to provide each interested and nationwide, enables women to qualified small business concern with prequalify for an SBA loan guaranty information on opportunities to compete before going to a lender. The program for SBIR program awards. The Office focuses on the character, credit, also coordinates with each participating experience, and repayment ability of the Federal agency in developing a master applicant. release schedule of all program solicitations; publishes the Presolicitation For further information, contact the Office of Women’s Business Ownership. Phone, 202–205– Announcement quarterly, which contains 6673. Internet, http://www.sbaonline.sba.gov/ pertinent facts on upcoming solicitations; womeninbusiness/. and surveys and monitors program operations within the Federal Veterans Affairs The Office of Government and reports on the progress Veterans’ Affairs (OVA) carries out the of the program each year to Congress. Veterans Affairs program to ensure that The Office has four main objectives: SBA gives special consideration in all its to expand and improve SBIR; to increase programs to veterans, their dependents, private sector commercialization of and survivors. The program helps those technology developed through Federal who have dedicated significant portions research and development; to increase of their lives to the defense of the ideals small business participation in Federal which make entrepreneurship possible in research and development; and to our Nation. The Office works with the improve the dissemination of information Nation’s 27 million veterans and the concerning SBIR, particularly with regard nearly 500,000 military personnel to participation by women-owned small affected by downsizing. It is the only business concerns and by socially and Federal Government office dedicated economically disadvantaged small exclusively to helping veterans who business concerns. want to go into business. For further information, contact the Office of Besides ensuring special consideration, Technology. Phone, 202–205–6450. OVA designs procurement and management training programs International Trade The Office of specifically for veterans, and coordinates International Trade provides export veteran training and counseling with financing to small businesses. It other departments of SBA. It also administers the Export Working Capital measures veteran participation by program, which provides short-term, monitoring loan, surety bond, transaction-specific financing for procurement, and training activity within exporting, including pre-export financing SBA. The Office maintains liaison with of labor and materials, financing other veteran and veteran-related receivables generated from these sales, organizations to accomplish its goals. and standby letters of credit used as performance bonds or payment For further information, contact the Office of Veterans Affairs. Phone, 202–205–6773. guarantees to foreign buyers. The Office is a major participant in Technology The Office of Technology the U.S. Export Assistance Center has authority and responsibility for (USEAC) initiative, authorized by section coordinating and monitoring the 202 of the Export Enhancement Act of governmentwide activities of the Small 1992. The Centers provide a single point Business Innovation Research program of contact for all Federal export 668 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL promotion and finance programs in the provide counseling and training to following cities: Atlanta, GA; Baltimore, existing and prospective small business MD; Boston, MA; Chicago, IL; owners. The Centers operate in every Cleveland, OH; Dallas, TX; Denver, CO; State, at approximately 1,000 locations Detroit, MI; Long Beach, CA; Miami, FL; around the country, including Puerto New Orleans, LA; New York, NY; Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam. Philadelphia, PA; Seattle, WA; and; St. Each Center is a partner with the State Louis, MO. They integrate government in economic development representatives of the Department of activities to support and assist small Commerce, the Small Business businesses. The Office of Small Business Administration, the Export-Import Bank Development Centers develops national of the United States, and the Agency for International Development to deliver policies and goals in accordance with services directly and refer clients to the Small Business Act of 1958, as appropriate public and private sector amended. It establishes standards for the partners. selection and performance of Centers; The Office develops and recommends monitors compliance with applicable agency policy and procedures to Office of Management and Budget effectively deliver the International Trade circulars and laws; and implements new program, provides tools for SBA’s approaches to improve operations of resource partners, and coordinates existing centers. activities with agency resource partners The Office is responsible for and USEAC’s to improve accessibility to coordinating program efforts with other its programs. The Office also coordinates internal activities of the Administration, with other Federal agencies under the auspices of the Trade Promotion as well as with the activities of other Coordinating Committee (TPCC) to Federal agencies, and maintains liaison ensure that trade promotion information with other Federal, State, and local and trade events are communicated to agencies and private organizations the small business community. The whose activities relate to Small Business Office also works with agencies of the Development Centers. It also assesses TPCC in coordinating and facilitating how the program is affected by trade between the U.S. small business substantive developments and policies in community and businesses and other areas of the agency, in other governments of other countries. government agencies, and in the private For further information, contact the Office of sector. International Trade. Phone, 202–205–6720. For further information, contact the Office of Small Small Business Development Centers Business Development Centers. Phone, 202–205– Small Business Development Centers 6766. Field OfficesÐSmall Business Administration (RO: Regional Office; DO: District Office; BO: Branch Office; POD: Post of Duty)

Office Address Officer in Charge Telephone

BOSTON, MA (RO) ...... Suite 812, 10 Causeway St., 02110 ...... Patrick McGowan ...... 617±565±8415 Augusta, ME (DO) ...... Rm. 512, 40 Western Ave., 04330 ...... Leroy G. Perry ...... 207±622±8378 Boston, MA (DO) ...... Rm. 265, 10 Causeway St., 02222±1093 ...... Mary McAleney ...... 617±565±5561 Concord, NH (DO) ...... Suite 202, 143 N. Main St., 03302±1258 ...... William K. Phillips ...... 603±225±1400 Hartford, CT (DO) ...... 2d Fl., 330 Main St., 06106 ...... JoAnn VanVechten ...... 203±240±4700 Montpelier, VT (DO) ...... Rm. 205, 87 State St., 05602 ...... Kenneth Silvia ...... 802±828±4422 Providence, RI (DO) ...... 5th Fl., 380 Westminster Mall, 02903 ...... Joseph Loddo ...... 401±528±4561 Springfield, MA (BO) ..... Rm. 212, 1550 Main St., 01103 ...... Harold Webb ...... 413±785±0268 NEW YORK, NY (RO) ...... Rm. 31±08, 26 Federal Plz., 10278 ...... Thomas M. Bettridge ...... 212±264±1450 Buffalo, NY (DO) ...... Rm. 1311, 111 W. Huron St., 14202 ...... Franklin J. Sciortino ...... 716±551±4305 Elmira, NY (BO) ...... 4th Fl., 333 E. Water St., 14901 ...... James J. Cristofaro ...... 607±734±8130 Hato Rey, PR (DO) ...... Suite 201, 252 Ponce de Leon Bldg., 00918 ...... (Vacancy) ...... 809±766±5572 Melville, NY (BO) ...... Suite 207W, 35 Pinelawn Rd., 11747 ...... Bert Haggerty ...... 516±454±0750 New York, NY (DO) ...... Rm. 3100, 26 Federal Plz., 10278 ...... Aubrey A. Rogers ...... 212±264±2454 Newark, NJ (DO) ...... 4th Fl., 2 Gateway Ctr., 07102 ...... Francisco Marrero ...... 201±645±2434 Rochester, NY (BO) ...... Rm. 410, 100 State St., 14614 ...... Peter Flihan ...... 716±263±6700 SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 669

Field OfficesÐSmall Business Administration—Continued (RO: Regional Office; DO: District Office; BO: Branch Office; POD: Post of Duty)

Office Address Officer in Charge Telephone

St. Croix, VI (POD) ...... Suite 165, 3013 Golden Rock, 00820 ...... Carl Christensen ...... 809±778±5380 St. Thomas, VI (POD) ... 3800 Crown Bay, 00802 ...... (Vacancy) ...... 809±774±8530 Syracuse, NY (DO) ...... Rm. 1071, 100 S. Clinton St., 13260 ...... B.J. Paprocki ...... 315±448±0414 PHILADELPHIA, PA (RO) Suite 201, 475 Allendale Rd., King of Prussia, Susan M. McCann ...... 610±962±3700 19406. Baltimore, MD (DO) ...... Suite 6220, 10 S. Howard St., 21201±2525 ...... Allen Stephenson ...... 410±962±4392 Charleston, WV (BO) .... Rm. 309, 550 Eagan St., 25301 ...... Bill Durham ...... 304±347±5220 Clarksburg, WV (DO) .... 5th Fl., 168 W. Main St., 26301 ...... Janet Armstrong ...... 304±623±5631 Harrisburg, PA (BO) ...... Rm. 309, 100 Chestnut St., 17101 ...... (Vacancy) ...... 717±782±3840 King of Prussia, PA Suite 201, 475 Allendale Rd., 19406 ...... Clifton Toulson, Jr...... 610±962±3800 (DO). Pittsburgh, PA (DO) ...... 5th Fl., 960 Penn Ave., 15222 ...... Althier Jones ...... 412±644±2780 Richmond, VA (DO) ...... Suite 200, 1504 Santa Rosa Rd., 23229 ...... Charles J. Gaston ...... 804±771±2400 Washington, DC (DO) ... 1110 Vermont Ave. NW., 20005 ...... Martin Gold, Acting ...... 202±606±4000 Wilkes-Barre, PA (BO) .. Rm. 2327, 20 N. Pennsylvania Ave., 18701± (Vacancy) ...... 717±826±6497 3589. Wilmington, DE (BO) ..... Suite 610, 824 N. Market St., 19801±3011 ...... (Vacancy) ...... 302±573±6294 ATLANTA, GA (RO) ...... Suite 496, S. Twr., 30309±2482 ...... Billy M. Paul ...... 404±347±4999 Atlanta, GA (DO) ...... 6th Fl., 1720 Peachtree Rd. NW., 30309 ...... Laura Brown ...... 404±347±4749 Birmingham, AL (DO) .... Suite 200, 2121 8th Ave. N., 35203±2398 ...... James C. Barksdale ...... 205±731±1344 Charlotte, NC (DO) ...... Suite A2015, 200 N. College St., 28202±2137 .... Gary Cook ...... 704±344±6563 Columbia, SC (DO) ...... Rm. 358, 1835 Assembly St., 29201 ...... Elliott Cooper ...... 803±765±5376 Coral Gables, FL (DO) .. Suite 501, 1320 S. Dixie Hwy., 33146±2911 ...... Charles Anderson ...... 305±536±5521 Gulfport, MS (BO) ...... Suite 1001, 1 Hancock Plz., 39501±7758 ...... Charles Gillis ...... 601±863±4449 Jackson, MS (DO) ...... Suite 400, 101 W. Capitol St., 39201 ...... Janita Stewart ...... 601±965±4378 Jacksonville, FL (DO) .... Suite 100±B, 7825 Baymeadows Way, 32256± Thomas Short ...... 904±443±1900 7504. Louisville, KY (DO) ...... Rm. 188, 600 Dr. M.L. King, Jr. Pl., 40202 ...... William Federhofer ...... 502±582±5971 Nashville, TN (DO) ...... Suite 201, 50 Vantage Way, 37228±1500 ...... Dratin Hill ...... 615±736±5881 CHICAGO, IL (RO) ...... Rm. 1975, 300 S. Riverside Plz., 60606±6617 ... Peter Barca ...... 312±353±0357 Chicago, IL (DO) ...... Rm. 1250, 500 W. Madison St., 60661±2511 ..... John L. Smith ...... 312±353±4528 Cincinnati, OH (BO) ...... Suite 870, 525 Vine St., 45202 ...... Ronald Carlson ...... 513±684±2814 Cleveland, OH (DO) ...... Suite 630, 1111 Superior Ave., 44194±2507 ...... Gilbert Goldberg ...... 216±522±4180 Columbus, OH (DO) ...... Suite 1400, 2 Nationwide Plz., 43215±2592 ...... Frank D. Ray ...... 614±469±6860 Detroit, MI (DO) ...... Rm. 515, 477 Michigan Ave., 48226 ...... Dwight Reynolds ...... 313±226±6075 Indianapolis, IN (DO) ..... Suite 100, 429 N. Pennsylvania, 46204±1873 .... Janice Wolfe ...... 317±226±7272 Madison, WI (DO) ...... Rm. 213, 212 E. Washington Ave., 53703 ...... Curtis A. Charter ...... 608±264±5261 Marquette, MI (BO) ...... Suite 11, 228 W. Washington, 49885 ...... Paul Jacobson ...... 906±225±1108 Milwaukee, WI (BO) ...... Suite 400, 310 W. Wisconsin Ave., 53203 ...... Michael Kiser ...... 414±297±3941 Minneapolis, MN (DO) ... Suite 610, 100 N. 6th St., 55403±1563 ...... Edward A. Daum ...... 612±370±2324 Springfield, IL (BO) ...... Suite 302, 511 W. Capitol Ave., 62704 ...... D.I. Brookhart ...... 217±492±4416 FORT WORTH, TX (RO) .. Suite 108, 4300 Amon Carter Blvd., 76155 ...... James W. Breedlove ...... 817±885±6581 Albuquerque, NM (DO) Suite 320, 625 Silver Ave. SW., 87102 ...... Tommy W. Dowell ...... 505±766±1870 Corpus Christi, TX (BO) Suite 1200, 606 N. Carancahua, 78476 ...... Jesse Sendejo ...... 512±888±3331 El Paso, TX (DO) ...... Suite 320, 10737 Gateway W., 79935 ...... Carlos Mendoza ...... 915±540±5676 Fort Worth, TX (DO) ...... Suite 114, 4300 Amon Carter Blvd., 76155 ...... James S. Reed ...... 817±885±6500 Harlingen, TX (DO) ...... Rm. 500, 222 E. Van Buren St., 78550±6855 ..... Miguel Cavazos ...... 512±427±8533 Houston, TX (DO) ...... Suite 550, 9301 Southwest Fwy., 77074±1591 ... Milton Wilson ...... 210±427±8625 Little Rock, AR (DO) ..... Suite 100, 2120 Riverfront Dr., 72202 ...... Joseph Foglia ...... 501±324±5278 Lubbock, TX (DO) ...... Suite 200, 1611 10th St., 79401 ...... (Vacancy) ...... 806±743±7462 New Orleans, LA (DO) .. Suite 2250, 365 Canal St., 70130 ...... Abby Carter ...... 504±589±6685 Oklahoma City, OK (DO) Suite 1300, 210 Park Ave., 73102 ...... Ray Harshman ...... 405±231±4301 San Antonio, TX (DO) ... Rm. A±527, 727 Durango Blvd., 78206±1204 ..... Rodney Martin ...... 210±229±5900 KANSAS CITY, MO (RO) Suite 307, 323 W. 8th St., 64105±1500 ...... Bruce W. Kent ...... 816±374±6380 Cedar Rapids, IA (DO) .. Suite 200, 215 4th Ave. SE., 52401±1806 ...... James Thomson ...... 319±362±6405 Des Moines, IA (DO) ..... Rm. 749, 210 Walnut St., 50309±2186 ...... Conrad E. Lawlor ...... 515±284±4422 Kansas City, MO (DO) .. Suite 501, 323 W. 8th St., 64105 ...... Dorothy Kleeschulte ...... 816±374±6708 Omaha, NE (DO) ...... 11145 Mill Valley Rd., 68154 ...... Glenn Davis ...... 402±221±4691 Springfield, MO (BO) ..... Suite 110, 620 S. Glenstone St., 65802±3200 .... James R. Combs, Acting 417±864±7670 St. Louis, MO (DO) ...... Rm. 242, 815 Olive St., 63101 ...... Robert L. Andrews ...... 314±539±6600 Wichita, KS (DO) ...... Suite 510, 100 E. English St., 67202 ...... Elizabeth Auer ...... 316±269±6616 DENVER, CO (RO) ...... Suite 400, 721 19th St., 80202±2599 ...... Thomas J. Redder ...... 303±844±0500 Casper, WY (DO) ...... Rm. 4001, 100 E. B St., 82602±2839 ...... James Gallogly ...... 307±261±6500 Denver, CO (DO) ...... Suite 426, 721 19th St., 80202±2599 ...... Antonio Valdez ...... 303±844±3984 Fargo, ND (DO) ...... Rm. 219, 657 2d Ave. N., 58108±3086 ...... James L. Stai ...... 701±239±5131 Helena, MT (DO) ...... Rm. 334, 301 S. Park, 59626 ...... Jo Alice Mospan ...... 406±441±1081 Salt Lake City, UT (DO) Rm. 2237, 125 S. State St., 84138±1195 ...... Stan Nakano ...... 801±524±5804 Sioux Falls, SD (DO) ..... Suite 200, 110 S. Phillips Ave., 57102±1109 ...... Gene Van Arsdale ...... 605±330±4231 SAN FRANCISCO, CA 20th Fl., 71 Stevenson St., 94105±2939 ...... Viola Canales ...... 415±975±4859 (RO). Agana, GU (BO) ...... Suite 302, 400 Rt. 8, Mongmong, 96927 ...... Kenneth Lujan ...... 671±472±7277 Fresno, CA (DO) ...... Suite 107, 2719 N. Air Fresno Dr., 93727±1547 Peter Bergin ...... 209±487±5189 670 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Field OfficesÐSmall Business Administration—Continued (RO: Regional Office; DO: District Office; BO: Branch Office; POD: Post of Duty)

Office Address Officer in Charge Telephone

Glendale, CA (DO) ...... Suite 1200, 330 N. Brand Blvd., 91203±2304 ..... Alberto Alvarado ...... 818±552±3210 Honolulu, HI (DO) ...... Rm. 2314, 300 Ala Moana Blvd., 96850±4981 .... Andrew PoePoe ...... 808±541±2990 Las Vegas, NV (DO) ..... Rm. 301, 301 E. Stewart St., 89101 ...... John Scott ...... 702±388±6611 Phoenix, AZ (DO) ...... Suite 800, 2828 N. Central Ave., 85004±1093 .... James P. Guyer ...... 602±640±2316 Sacramento, CA (DO) ... Rm. 215, 660 J St., 95814±2413 ...... Roberta L. Conner ...... 916±498±6410 San Diego, CA (DO) ..... Suite 550, 550 W. C St., 92188±3540 ...... George P. Chandler, Jr. .. 619±557±7252 San Francisco, CA (DO) 4th Fl., 211 Main St., 94105±1988 ...... Mark Quinn ...... 415±744±6820 Santa Ana, CA (DO) ..... Suite 700, 200 W. Santa Ana Blvd., 92701 ...... Sandra Sutton ...... 714±550±7420 SEATTLE, WA (RO) ...... Suite 1805, 1200 6th Ave., 98101±1128 ...... Gretchen Sorensen ...... 206±553±5676 Anchorage, AK (DO) ..... Rm. A36, 222 W. 8th Ave., 99513±7559 ...... Frank Cox ...... 907±271±4022 Boise, ID (DO) ...... Suite 290, 1020 Main St., 83702±5745 ...... Thomas Bergdoll ...... 208±334±1696 Portland, OR (DO) ...... Suite 500, 222 SW. Columbia, 97201±6695 ...... John L. Gilman ...... 503±326±2682 Seattle, WA (DO) ...... Suite 1700, 1200 6th Ave., 98101±1128 ...... Robert P. Meredith ...... 206±553±7310 Spokane, WA (DO) ...... 10th Fl., W. 601 1st Ave., 99204±0317 ...... Robert Wiebe ...... 509±353±2810

Disaster Area Offices

Office Address Telephone

Atlanta, GA ...... Suite 300, 1 Baltimore Pl., 30308 ...... 404±347±3771 Fort Worth, TX ...... Suite 102, 4400 Amon Carter Blvd., 76155 ...... 817±885±7600 Niagara Falls, NY ...... 3d Fl., 360 Rainbow Blvd. S., 14303 ...... 716±282±4612 Sacramento, CA ...... Suite 208, 1825 Bell St., 95825 ...... 916±566±7246

Regional Administrators

Region/Address Administrator Telephone

Boston, MA (Suite 812, 10 Causeway St., 02110) ...... Patrick K. McGowan ...... 617±565±8415 New York, NY (Rm. 31±08, 26 Federal Plz., 10278) ...... Thomas M. Bettridge ...... 212±264±1450 Philadelphia, PA (Suite 201, 475 Allendale Rd., King of Prussia, 19406 ... Susan M. McCann ...... 610±962±3710 Atlanta, GA (Suite 496, 1720 Peachtree Rd. NW., 30309) ...... Billy M. Paul ...... 404±347±4999 Chicago, IL (Rm. 1975, 300 S. Riverside Plz., 60606±6611) ...... Peter Barca ...... 312±353±0357 Fort Worth, TX (Suite 108, 4300 Amon Carter Blvd., 76155) ...... James W. Breedlove ...... 817±885±6581 Kansas City, MO (13th Fl., 911 Walnut St., 64106) ...... Bruce W. Kent ...... 816±374±6380 Denver, CO (Suite 400, 721 19th St., 80202±2599) ...... Thomas J. Redder ...... 303±844±0500 San Francisco, CA (20th Fl., 71 Stevenson St., 94105±2939) ...... Viola Canales ...... 415±975±4804 Seattle, WA (S±1805, 1200 6th Ave., 98101±1128) ...... Gretchen Sorensen ...... 206±553±0291

Sources of Information

Electronic Access Information on the General Information Contact the Small Business Administration is nearest Small Business Administration available electronically by various field office listed above, or call the SBA means. Internet, http:// answer desk. Phone, 800–8–ASK–SBA. www.sbaonline.sba.gov/. Gopher, Fax, 202–205–7064. TDD, 704–344– gopher://gopher.sbaonline.sba.gov. FTP, 6640. ftp://ftp.sbaonline.sba.gov. Telnet, Publications A free copy of The sbaonline.sba.gov. Resource Directory for Small Business Access the U.S. Business Adviser Management, a listing of for-sale through the Internet, at http:// publications and videotapes, is available www.business.gov/. from any local SBA office or the SBA Access the Administration’s electronic answer desk. bulletin board by modem at 800–697– 4636 (limited access), 900–463–4636 (full access), or 202–401–9600 (Washington, DC, metropolitan area). SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION 671

For further information, contact the Office of Public Communications, Marketing and Customer Service, Small Business Administration, 409 Third Street SW., Washington, DC 20416. Phone, 202–205–6740.

SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION 6401 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21235 Phone, 410–965–1234

Commissioner of Social Security JOHN J. CALLAHAN, Acting Principal Deputy Commissioner JOHN R. DYER, Acting Chief of Staff BRIAN D. COYNE Chief Actuary HARRY C. BALLANTYNE General Counsel ARTHUR J. FRIED Inspector General DAVID C. WILLIAMS Deputy Commissioner for Communications JOAN E. WAINWRIGHT Deputy Commissioner for Finance, Assessment, DALE W. SOPPER, Acting and Management/Chief Financial Officer Deputy Commissioner for Human Resources PAUL D. BARNES Deputy Commissioner for Legislation and JUDY L. CHESSER Congressional Affairs Deputy Commissioner for Operations JANICE L. WARDEN Deputy Commissioner for Programs and Policy CAROLYN W. COLVIN Deputy Commissioner for Systems D. DEAN MESTERHARM [For the Social Security Administration statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 20, Part 422]

The Social Security Administration manages the Nation’s social insurance program, consisting of retirement, survivors, and disability insurance programs, commonly known as Social Security. It also administers the Supplemental Security Income program for the aged, blind, and disabled. The Administration is responsible for studying the problems of poverty and economic insecurity among Americans and making recommendations on effective methods for solving these problems through social insurance. The Administration also assigns Social Security numbers to U.S. citizens and maintains earnings records for workers under their Social Security numbers.

The Social Security Administration (SSA) performs duties assigned or delegated by was established by Reorganization Plan the Commissioner; a Chief Financial No. 2 of 1946 (5 U.S.C. app.), effective Officer; a General Counsel; a Chief July 16, 1946. It became an independent Actuary; and an Inspector General. agency in the executive branch by the Social Security Independence and Programs and Activities Program Improvements Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 901), effective March 31, 1995. Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance The agency administers The Administration is headed by a these social insurance programs, which Commissioner, appointed by the provide monthly benefits to retired and President with the advice and consent of disabled workers, their spouses and the Senate. children, and to survivors of insured In administering the programs workers. Financing is under a system of necessary to carry out the agency’s contributory social insurance, whereby mission, by law the Commissioner is employees, employers, and the self- assisted by a Deputy Commissioner, who employed pay contributions that are 672 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL SYSTEMS DEPUTY COMMISSIONER, SYSTEMS OPERATIONS DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENTS PLANNING AND INTEGRATION INFORMATION MANAGEMENT TELECOMMUNICATIONS CHIEF ACTUARY GENERAL GENERAL COUNSEL INSPECTOR POLICY AND PLANNING INTERNATIONAL POLICY RESEARCH, EVALUATION, AND STATISTICS PROGRAM BENEFITS POLICY DISABILITY HEARINGS AND APPEALS PROGRAM SUPPORT PROGRAMS AND POLICY DEPUTY COMMISSIONER, STAFF OPERATIONS CHIEF OF DEPUTY COMMISSIONER, CENTRAL RECORDS OPERATIONS DISABILITY AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS TELEPHONE SERVICES PUBLIC SERVICES AND OPERATIONS SUPPORT AUTOMATION SUPPORT REGIONAL OFFICES PRINCIPAL LEGISLATION AND DEPUTY COMMISSIONER, LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENT LEGISLATIVE RESEARCH CONGRESSIONAL RELATIONS COMMISSIONER CONGRESSIONAL AFFAIRS DEPUTY COMMISSIONER SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SECURITY SOCIAL HUMAN RESOURCES DEPUTY COMMISSIONER, PERSONNEL LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS CIVIL RIGHTS AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY TRAINING WORKFORCE ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT FINANCE, ASSESSMENT, DEPUTY COMMISSIONER, PROGRAM AND INTEGRITY REVIEWS FINANCIAL POLICY AND OPERATIONS BUDGET ACQUISITIONS AND GRANTS FACILITIES MANAGEMENT PUBLICATIONS AND LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATIONS DEPUTY COMMISSIONER, PUBLIC INQUIRIES REGIONAL AND NATIONAL AFFAIRS EXTERNAL RELATIONS INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS PUBLIC INFORMATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND DESIGN PRESS OFFICE SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION 673 pooled in special trust funds. When decentralized to provide services at the earnings stop or are reduced because the local level. Each of the SSA 10 regions, worker retires, dies, or becomes under the overall direction of its disabled, monthly cash benefits are paid Regional Commissioner, contains a to partially replace the earnings the network of field offices and teleservice family has lost. centers, which serve as the contact Supplemental Security Income The between SSA and the public. The agency administers this needs-based Administration operates 1,292 field program for the aged, blind, and offices, 38 teleservice centers, and 6 disabled. A basic Federal monthly program service centers. These payment is financed out of general installations are responsible for: revenue, rather than a special trust fund. —informing the public of the purposes Some States, choosing to provide and provisions of Social Security payments to supplement the benefits, programs and their rights and have agreements with the Administration responsibilities; under which it administers the supplemental payments for those States. —assisting with claims filed for Medicare While the administration of retirement, survivors, disability, or health Medicare is the responsibility of the insurance benefits, black lung benefits, Health Care Financing Administration, or Supplemental Security Income; Department of Health and Human —developing and adjudicating claims; Services, the Social Security —assisting certain beneficiaries in Administration provides Medicare claiming reimbursement for medical assistance to the public through SSA expenses; field offices and processing centers, and —developing cases involving earnings adjudicates requests for hearings and records, coverage, and fraud-related appeals of Medicare claims. questions; Black Lung By agreement with the Department of Labor, SSA is involved in —making rehabilitation service certain aspects of the administration of referrals; and the black lung benefits provisions of the —assisting claimants in filing appeals Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act on SSA determinations of benefit of 1969, as amended (30 U.S.C. 901). entitlement or amount. Regional Offices Social Security For further information, contact the Social Security Administration operations are Administration. Phone, 800–772–1213 (toll-free).

Sources of Information

Inquiries on the following subjects may employment information may be be directed to the appropriate office, obtained from the Office of Personnel. Social Security Administration, 6401 Phone, 410–965–4506. Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD General Information The Office of the 21235. Deputy Commissioner for Operations Contracts and Small Business Activities manages SSA’s toll-free public service Contact the Office of Acquisitions and telephone. Phone, 800–772–1213 (toll- Grants. Phone, 410–965–9457. free). Electronic Access Information Inspector General The Office of the regarding the Social Security Inspector General maintains a 24-hour Administration may be obtained through toll-free hotline to receive allegations the Internet, at http://www.ssa.gov/. and complaints relative to SSA Employment A variety of civil service operations nationwide. Phone, 800–269– registers and examinations are used in 0271 (toll-free). Fax, 410–965–3011. hiring new employees. Specific 674 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Publications The Office of the Deputy may be obtained from the Publications Commissioner for Communications Staff, Office of Research, Evaluation, and publishes numerous pamphlets Statistics, 500 E Street SW., Washington, concerning SSA programs. Single copies DC 20254. Phone, 202–282–7138. may be obtained at any local office or Reading Rooms Requests for by calling 800–772–1213. The information, for copies of records, or to Administration also collects a substantial inspect records may be made at any volume of economic, demographic, and local office or the Headquarters Contact other data in furtherance of its program Unit, Room G–44, Altmeyer Building. mission. Basic data on employment and Phone, 800–772–1213 (toll-free). earnings, beneficiaries and benefit Speakers and Films The Administration payments, and other items of program makes speakers, films, and exhibits interest are published regularly in the available to public or private Social Security Bulletin, its Annual organizations, community groups, Statistical Supplement, and in special schools, etc., throughout the Nation. releases and reports that appear Requests for this service should be periodically on selected topics of interest directed to the local Social Security to the public. Additional information Office.

For further information, contact the Office of Public Inquiries, Social Security Administration, 6401 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21235. Phone, 410–965–7700. Internet, http://www.ssa.gov/.

TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY 400 West Summit Hill Drive, Knoxville, TN 37902 Phone, 615–632–2101 One Massachusetts Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20444–0001 Phone, 202–898–2999

Chairman CRAVEN CROWELL Directors JOHNNY H. HAYES WILLIAM H. KENNOY Senior Vice President, Communications ALAN CARMICHAEL Chief Operating Officer J.W. DICKEY Chief Nuclear Officer OLIVER D. KINGSLEY, JR. Chief Financial Officer DAVID N. SMITH Chief Administrative Officer NORMAN A. ZIGROSSI

The Tennessee Valley Authority conducts a unified program of resource development for the advancement of economic growth in the Tennessee Valley region. The Authority’s program of activities includes flood control, navigation development, electric power production, recreation improvement, and forestry and wildlife development.

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is President with the advice and consent of a wholly owned Government the Senate. The President designates one corporation created by act of May 18, member as Chairman. 1933 (16 U.S.C. 831–831dd). All While TVA’s electric power program is functions of the Authority are vested in required to be financially self-supporting, its three-member Board of Directors, the other programs are financed primarily by members of which are appointed by the appropriations. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY 675

A system of dams built by TVA on the protection of the Nation’s land, air, and Tennessee River and its larger tributaries water resources. Projects include provides flood regulation on the development of methods for reducing Tennessee and contributes to regulation nonpoint source pollution from of the lower Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. groundwater runoff, contaminated site The system maintains a continuous 9- remediation, bioenergy research, and foot-draft channel for navigation for the industrial waste reduction. The work is length of the 650-mile Tennessee River centered on preventing and correcting main stream, from Paducah, KY, to environmental problems that are barriers Knoxville, TN. The dams harness the to economic growth. power of the rivers to produce In cooperation with other agencies, electricity. They also provide other TVA conducts research and development benefits, including a major asset for programs in forestry, fish and game, outdoor recreation. watershed protection, health services The Authority operates the river related to its operations, and economic control system and provides assistance to development of Tennessee Valley State and local governments in reducing communities. local flood problems. It also works with In the western parts of Kentucky and cooperating agencies to encourage full Tennessee, TVA operates Land Between and effective use of the navigable the Lakes, a demonstration project in waterway by industry and commerce. outdoor recreation, environmental The Authority is the wholesale power education, and natural resource supplier for many local municipal and management. cooperative electric systems serving customers in parts of seven States. It Sources of Information supplies power to several Federal installations and industries whose power Citizen Participation TVA requirements are large or unusual. Power Communications, ET 12A, 400 West to meet these demands is supplied from Summit Hill Drive, Knoxville, TN dams, coal-fired powerplants, nuclear 37902–1499. Phone, 423–632–2101. powerplants, combustion turbine Contracts Purchasing, WT 4D, 400 installations, and a pumped-storage West Summit Hill Drive, Knoxville, TN hydroelectric project operated by TVA; 37902–1499. Phone, 423–632–4796. U.S. Corps of Engineers dams in the This office will direct inquiries to the Cumberland Valley; and Aluminum appropriate procurement officer. Company of America dams, whose Economic Development WT 11D, 400 operation is coordinated with TVA’s West Summit Hill Drive, Knoxville, TN system. 37902–1499. Phone, 423–632–4312. In economic and community Electric Power Supply and Rates ET development programs, TVA provides 12A, 400 West Summit Hill Drive, technical assistance in areas including Knoxville, TN 37902–1499. Phone 423– industrial development, regional waste 632–3108. management, tourism promotion, Employment Human Resources, ET community preparedness, and vanpool 12A, 400 West Summit Hill Drive, organization. It works with local Knoxville, TN 37902–1499. Phone, 423– communities and groups to develop 632–3222. (Other personnel offices may maximum use of available area be contacted at other major locations.) resources. Working with regional Environmental and Energy Education learning centers, businesses, and BR 4F, 1101 Market Street, Chattanooga, industries, the Authority has identified TN 37402–2801. Phone, 423–751–4624. skills that are needed in the high- Environmental Research Center TVA technology job market and has set up Reservation, P.O. Box 1010, Muscle training centers. Shoals, AL 35661–1010. Phone, 205– At Muscle Shoals, AL, TVA operates a 386–2026. national laboratory for environmental Environmental Quality Environmental research, focusing on the cleanup and Services, LP 5D, 1101 Market Street, 676 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Chattanooga, TN 37402–2801. Phone, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661–1010. Phone, 423–751–2293. 205–386–2417. Land Management/Shoreline Permitting Maps Maps Information & Sales, HB Land Management, FOR 3A, Forestry 1A, 311 Broad Street, Chattanooga, TN Building, Ridgeway Road, Norris, TN 37402–2801. Phone, 423–751–6277. 37828. Phone, 423–632–1440. Medical Services Health Services, EB Library Services Corporate Library, ET 8A, 20 East Eleventh Street, Chattanooga, PC, 400 West Summit Hill Drive, TN 37402–2801. Phone, 423–751–2091. Knoxville, TN 37902–1499. Phone, 423– Publications TVA Communications, ET 632–3464. Chattanooga Office Complex, 7D, 400 West Summit Hill Drive, SP 1A, 1101 Market Street, Chattanooga, TN 37402–2801. Phone, 423–751–4913. Knoxville, TN 37902–1499. Phone, 423– Muscle Shoals, CTR 1A, P.O. Box 1010, 632–8039.

For further information, contact TVA Communications, 400 West Summit Hill Drive, Knoxville, TN 37902– 1499. Phone, 423–632–2101. Or TVA Washington Office, 1 Massachusetts Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20044. Phone, 202–898–2999.

TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY Room 309, State Annex 16, Washington, DC 20523–1602 Phone, 703–875–4357. E-mail, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.tda.gov/

Director J. JOSEPH GRANDMAISON Deputy Director NANCY D. FRAME General Counsel KENNETH FRIES Assistant Director for Management Operations DEIRDRE E. CURLEY Special Assistant for Policy/Public Affairs STEVEN MAVIGLIO Congressional Liaison Officer EDWARD CABOT Export Promotion Director (VACANCY) Regional Directors: Africa and Middle East JOHN RICHTER Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe ROD AZAMA New Independent States, South Asia, DANIEL D. STEIN Mongolia, and India East Asia and Pacific Islands GEOFFREY JACKSON Latin America and Caribbean ALBERT W. ANGULO Special Projects BARBARA R. BRADFORD Economist/Evaluation Officer DAVID DENNY Financial Manager NOREEN ST.LOUIS Contracting Officer DELLA GLENN Administrative Officer CAROLYN HUM

The Trade and Development Agency’s mission is to promote economic development in, and simultaneously export U.S. goods and services to, developing and middle- income nations in the following regions of the world: Africa/Middle East, Asia/ Pacific, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the New Independent States.

The Trade and Development Agency as a component organization of the (TDA) was established on July 1, 1980, International Development Cooperation TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY 677 AFRICA/ STATES, CARIBBEAN ASIA/PACIFIC MIDDLE EAST LATIN AMERICA/ MONGOLIA/INDIA SPECIAL PROJECTS NEW INDEPENDENT EASTERN/CENTRAL/ SOUTHERN EUROPE REGIONAL DIRECTOR REGIONAL DIRECTOR REGIONAL DIRECTOR REGIONAL DIRECTOR REGIONAL DIRECTOR REGIONAL DIRECTOR LAWYER GENERAL COUNSEL DIRECTOR EXPORT PROMOTION DIRECTOR SPECIAL ASSISTANT POLICY/PUBLIC AFFAIRS DEPUTY DIRECTOR DEPUTY ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY AND DEVELOPMENT TRADE LIAISON LEGISLATIVE OFFICER OFFICER OFFICER MANAGER FINANCIAL ASSISTANT OPERATIONS ECONOMIST/ EVALUATION MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS CONTRACTING ADMINISTRATIVE ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 678 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Agency. Section 2204 of the Omnibus between TDA and the U.S. firm Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 developing the project. (22 U.S.C. 2421) made it a separate The Agency makes decisions on component agency. The organization funding requests for feasibility studies was renamed and made an independent based on the recommendations agency within the executive branch of the Federal Government on October 28, contained in the definitional mission or 1992, by the Jobs Through Exports Act of desk study report, the advice of the U.S. 1992 (22 U.S.C. 2421). Embassy, and its internal analysis. The Trade and Development Agency assists in the creation of jobs for Sources of Information Americans by helping U.S. companies Requests for proposals (RFP’s) to conduct pursue exports and other overseas business opportunities. It funds feasibility feasibility studies funded by TDA are studies, orientation visits, training grants, listed in the Commerce Business Daily. business briefings, and various forms of Information on definitional mission technical assistance in support of opportunities can be obtained by calling specific projects, enabling American TDA’s ‘‘DM Hotline’’ at 703–875–7447. businesses to become involved in the Small and minority U.S. firms that wish planning of infrastructure and industrial to be included in TDA’s consultant projects in emerging markets. Working database and considered for future closely with a foreign nation sponsor, solicitations should contact TDA’s TDA makes its funds available on the Contracts Office at 703–875–4357. condition that the foreign entity contracts In an effort to provide timely with a U.S. firm to perform the actual information on Agency-supported work on the project. This affords projects, TDA publishes the Pipeline and American firms market entry, exposure, a calendar of events which are available and information, thus helping them to together on a paid subscription basis by establish a position in markets that are calling 703–875–4246. They are also otherwise difficult to penetrate. The Agency’s focus is the planning available through the Internet, at http:// and design engineering phase of major www.tda.gov/. A quarterly publication, infrastructure and industrial projects. It is TDA Update, contains current items of involved in several sectors, including: interest on a variety of program agriculture, aviation, energy, activities. Region- or sector-specific fact environment, health care, manufacturing, sheets and case studies also are mining and minerals development, available. An annual report summarizes telecommunications, transportation, and the Agency’s activities. water resources. Agency news, reports, and lists of upcoming orientation visits and business Activities briefings are available through the The Agency funds feasibility studies (or Internet, at http://www.tda.gov/. project plans) which evaluate the Regional program inquiries should be technical, economic, and financial directed to the assigned Country aspects of a development project. These Manager. Phone, 703–875–4357. Fax, studies advise the host nation about the 703–875–4009. E-mail, [email protected]. availability of U.S. goods and services and are required by financial institutions TDA’s library maintains final reports in assessing the creditworthiness of the on all TDA activities. These are available undertaking. Funding activities are based for public review Monday through Friday upon an official request for assistance from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Copies of made by the sponsoring government or completed feasibility studies must be private sector organization of a purchased through the Department of developing or middle-income nation, Commerce’s National Technical and costs for a study typically are shared Information Service (NTIS). UNITED STATES ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY 679

For further information, contact the Trade and Development Agency, Room 309, Annex 16, Washington, DC 20523–1602. Phone, 703–875–4357. E-mail, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.tda.gov/.

UNITED STATES ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY 320 Twenty-first Street NW., Washington, DC 20451 Phone, 202–647–2034

Director JOHN D. HOLUM Deputy Director RALPH EARLE II Special Adviser LISA FARRELL Special Assistant CARLENE ACKERMAN Counselor DONALD GROSS Executive Secretary BARBARA STARR Senior Military Adviser MAJ. ROBERT PALMER, Acting Principal Deputy Director, On-Site Inspection JOERG H. MENZEL Agency Assistant Director, Nonproliferation and LAWRENCE SCHEINMAN Regional Arms Control Bureau Assistant Director, Multilateral Affairs Bureau DONALD MAHLEY, Acting Assistant Director, Strategic and Eurasian MICHAEL NACHT Affairs Bureau Assistant Director, Intelligence, Verification, O.J. SHEAKS, Acting and Information Management Bureau General Counsel MARY ELIZABETH HOINKES Director of Congressional Affairs IVO SPALATIN Director of Public Affairs MARY DILLON Director of Administration CATHLEEN LAWRENCE U.S. Commissioner, Standing Consultative STANLEY RIVELES Commission U.S. Representative to the Conference on STEPHEN LEDOGAR Disarmament U.S. Representative to the Special Verification STEVEN STEINER Commission and the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission Special Representative and Chief Science JAMES SWEENEY Adviser Special Representative, Nonproliferation Treaty THOMAS GRAHAM, JR. (NPT) [For the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 22, Part 601]

The United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency formulates and implements arms control nonproliferation and disarmament policies that promote the national security of the United States and its relations with other countries. To effectively carry out its responsibilities, the Agency prepares and participates in discussions and negotiations with foreign countries on such issues as strategic arms limitations, conventional force reductions in Europe, prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons to countries that do not now possess them, prohibitions on chemical weapons, and the international arms trade. 680 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL DIVISION AND IMPLEMENTATION 1 STRATEGIC NEGOTIATION DIVISION THEATER AND SECURITY DIVISION STRATEGIC DEFENSES AFFAIRS BUREAU STRATEGIC AND EURASIAN DIVISION DIVISION STRATEGIC TRANSITION PERSONNEL AND GENERAL SERVICES 2 SPECIAL FOR NPT REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION DIVISION CONTRACTS DIVISION EXECUTIVE SECRETARY AND TECHNOLOGY NUCLEAR SAFEGUARDS INSPECTOR GENERAL AFFAIRS DIVISION COUNSEL DIVISION FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR OFFICE OF THE GENERAL NONPROLIFERATION AND REGIONAL ARMS CONTROL BUREAU DIVISION WEAPONS AND TECHNOLOGY CONTROL OFFICE OFFICE OF THE OF THE DIRECTOR DEPUTY DIRECTOR AND COMPUTER OPERATIONS INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS DIVISION INTELLIGENCE, TECHNOLOGY, PRINCIPAL DEPUTY ON-SITE INSPECTION AGENCY NTELLIGENCE, VERIFICATION, AND I INFORMATION MANAGEMENT BUREAU DIVISION COMPLIANCE VERIFICATION AND OFFICE OF MILITARY AFFAIRS OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS CHIEF SCIENCE ADVISER UNITED STATES ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY AND DISARMAMENT ARMS CONTROL UNITED STATES DIVISION AND NUCLEAR POLICY INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

AFFAIRS POLICY DIVISION OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL MULTILATERAL AFFAIRS BUREAU POLICY DIVISION EUROPEAN SECURITY Special Reporting Access to the Deputy Director Direct Access to the Director 1 2 UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS 681

The United States Arms Control and In support of its activities, the Agency Disarmament Agency was established by conducts research and studies or, act of September 26, 1961 (22 U.S.C. through contracts and agreements, 2561), in response to congressional arranges for involvement by private or feeling that the Nation’s national security public institutions or persons. It also efforts could be most effectively coordinates such efforts by or for other executed by lawfully centralizing arms Government agencies, and analyzes control and disarmament responsibilities. selected defense programs for their arms control pursuits. Activities The Agency conducts studies and Sources of Information provides advice relating to arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament Contracts Individuals seeking to do policy formulation; prepares for and business with the Agency or to obtain manages United States participation in information on research contracts may international negotiations in the arms contact the Contracting Office (phone, control, nonproliferation, and 703–235–3288) at the address shown disarmament field; disseminates and below. coordinates public information about Publications Copies of publications arms control, nonproliferation, and such as World Military Expenditures disarmament; and prepares for, operates, (annual series), Documents on or directs, as needed, U.S. participation Disarmament (annual series), Arms in international control systems that may Control and Disarmament Agreements, result from United States arms control or the Agency’s newsletter ACDA Update, disarmament activities. and the Agency’s Annual Report may be In addition to directing the activities ordered from the Superintendent of described above, the Director functions Documents, Government Printing Office, as the principal adviser to the President, Washington, DC 20402 (phone, 202– the National Security Adviser, and the 783–3238); or from the Office of Public Secretary of State in arms control, Affairs (phone, 202–647–8677) at the nonproliferation, and disarmament address shown below. matters. Under the direction of the Speakers Officers of the Agency will Secretary of State, the Director also has address audiences in all parts of the primary responsibility within the country, workload permitting. Phone, Government for such matters. 202–647–4800.

For further information, contact the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 320 Twenty- first Street NW., Washington, DC 20451. Phone, 202–647–8677.

UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS 624 Ninth Street NW., Washington, DC 20425 Phone, 202–376–8177

Chairperson MARY FRANCES BERRY Vice Chairman CRUZ REYNOSO Commissioners CARL A. ANDERSON, ROBERT P. GEORGE, A. LEON HIGGINBOTHAM, JR., CONSTANCE HORNER, YVONNE Y. LEE,R USSELL G. REDENBAUGH Staff Director (VACANCY) 682 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Deputy Staff Director EDWARD A. HAIKES, JR. General Counsel STEPHANIE Y. MOORE Solicitor STEPHANIE Y. MOORE, Acting Assistant Staff Director for Civil Rights FREDERICK ISLER Evaluation Chief, Civil Rights Evaluation (VACANCY) Assistant Staff Director for Management (VACANCY) Chief, Public Affairs Unit CHARLES RIVERA Assistant Staff Director for Congressional JAMES S. CUNNINGHAM Affairs Chief, Regional Programs Coordination CAROL-LEE HURLEY Director, Eastern Regional Division KI-TAEK CHUN Director, Central Regional Division MELVIN L. JENKINS Director, Midwestern Regional Division CONSTANCE D. DAVIS Director, Rocky Mountain Regional Division JOHN FOSTER DULLES Director, Southern Regional Division BOBBY DOCTOR Director, Western Regional Division PHILIP MONTEZ [For the Commission on Civil Rights statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 45, Part 701]

The Commission on Civil Rights collects and studies information on discrimination or denials of equal protection of the laws because of race, color, religion, sex, age, handicap, national origin, or in the administration of justice in such areas as voting rights, enforcement of Federal civil rights laws, and equal opportunity in education, employment, and housing.

The Commission on Civil Rights was first submitted to the President and Congress, created by the Civil Rights Act of 1957, and many of the Commission’s as amended, and reestablished by the recommendations have been enacted, United States Commission on Civil either by statute, Executive order, or Rights Act of 1983, as amended (42 regulation. The Commission evaluates U.S.C. 1975). Federal laws and the effectiveness of Government equal opportunity Activities programs. It also serves as a national The Commission makes findings of fact clearinghouse for civil rights information. but has no enforcement authority. Regional Programs The Commission Findings and recommendations are maintains six regional divisions. Regional DivisionsÐCommission on Civil Rights

Region/Address Telephone

CENTRALÐSuite 908, 400 State Ave., Kansas City, KS 66101±2406 ...... 913±551±1400 EASTERNÐRm. 500, 624 9th St. NW., Washington, DC 20425 ...... 202±376±7533 MIDWESTERNÐSuite 410, 55 W. Monroe St., Chicago, IL 60603 ...... 312±353±8311 ROCKY MOUNTAINÐSuite 710, 1700 Broadway, Denver, CO 80290 ...... 303±866±1040 SOUTHERNÐSuite 184OT, 100 Alabama St., Atlanta, GA 30303 ...... 404±562±7000 WESTERNÐRm. 810, 3660 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90010 ...... 213±894±3437

Sources of Information Employment Personnel Office, Room 510, 624 Ninth Street NW., Washington, Complaints Complaints alleging denials DC 20425. Phone, 202–376–8364. of civil rights may be reported to Publications Commission publications Complaints Referral, 624 Ninth Street are made available upon request from NW., Washington, DC 20425. Phone, the Administrative Services and 202–376–8513 or 800–552–6843 (toll- Clearinghouse Division, Room 550, 624 free). Ninth Street NW., Washington, DC UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS 683 REGIONAL OFFICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISION DIVISION OFFICE OF CENTRAL REGIONAL OFFICE EASTERN REGIONAL OFFICE WESTERN REGIONAL OFFICE SOUTHERN REGIONAL OFFICE EMPLOYMENT MANAGEMENT MIDWESTERN REGIONAL OFFICE AND CLEARINGHOUSE BUDGET AND FINANCE OPPORTUNITY DIVISION ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES PERSONNEL AND EQUAL COORDINATION UNIT REGIONAL PROGRAMS OFFICE OF THE OFFICE OF CIVIL COMMISSIONERS STAFF DIRECTOR RIGHTS EVALUATION UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS UNIT CONGRESSIONAL AFFAIRS UNIT 684 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

20425. Phone, 202–376–8105. A catalog in Room 602, 624 Ninth Street NW., of publications may be obtained from Washington, DC 20425. Phone, 202– this office. 376–8110. Reading Room The National Civil Rights Clearinghouse Library is located

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Unit, United States Commission on Civil Rights, Room 730, 624 Ninth Street NW., Washington, DC 20425. Phone, 202–376–8312. TTY, 202–376–8116.

UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY 301 Fourth Street SW., Washington, DC 20547 Phone, 202–619–4700

Director JOSEPH D. DUFFEY Chief of Staff JOYCE KRAVITZ Deputy Director PENN KEMBLE Counselor ANNE M. SIGMUND Chairman, U.S. Advisory Commission on LEWIS MANILOW Public Diplomacy Vice Chairman, U.S. Advisory Commission on WILLIAM HYBL Public Diplomacy Director, Office of Civil Rights HATTIE P. BALDWIN General Counsel LES JIN Director, Office of Congressional and CARRIE ISACCO, Acting Intergovernmental Affairs Director, Office of Public Liaison MARTHENA COWART Director, Office of Research and Media ANN T. PINCUS Reaction Deputy Director STEPHEN M. SHAFFER Associate Director for Broadcasting KEVIN KLOSE Director, Voice of America EVELYN S. LIEBERMAN Director, Office of Public Affairs SIDNEY DAVIS Director, Office of Budget and Planning (VACANCY) Director, Office of Affiliate Relations and MYRNA WHITWORTH International Media Training Director, Office of Personnel and EVA JANE FRITZMAN Administration Director, Office of Policy STEVE MUNSON Director, Office of Program Review FRANK CUMMINS Director, Office of Engineering and ROBERT E. KAMOSA Technical Operations Director, Office of WORLDNET Television JOHN LENNON, Acting and Film Service Director, Office of Cuba Broadcasting HERMINIO SAN ROMAN Director, Radio Marti ROLANDO BONACHEA Director, TV Marti ANTONIO DIEGUEZ President, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, (VACANCY) Inc. (RFE/RL) Broadcasting Board of Governors: Chairman DAVID W. BURKE UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY 685

Members JOSEPH D. DUFFEY, CHERYL HALPERN, EDWARD E. KAUFMAN,T OM C. KOROLOGOS, BETTE BAO LORD, ALBERTO J. MORA, MARC B. NATHANSON, CARL SPIELVOGEL Chief of Staff KATHLEEN HARRINGTON Director of Evaluation and Analysis BRIAN T. CONNIFF Legal Counsel JOHN A. LINDBURG Budget Officer MIKE RINGLER Program Review Officer BRUCE SHERMAN Confidential Assistant BRENDA THOMAS Associate Director for Information ROBERT BARRY FULTON Deputy Associate Director MYRON L. HOFFMANN Director, Geographic Liaison PAMELA H. SMITH Director, Thematic Programs JUDITH S. SIEGEL Director, Foreign Press Centers JACOB P. GILLESPIE Director, Support Services C. ANTHONY JACKSON Executive Officer STEPHEN SINCLAIR Associate Director for Educational and Cultural JOHN P. LOIELLO Affairs Deputy Associate Director DELL PENDERGRAST Executive Director, Cultural Property Staff MARIE PAPAGEORGE KOUROUPAS Staff Director, J. William Fulbright Foreign RALPH H. VOGEL Scholarship Board Director, Office of Citizen Exchanges ROBERT SCHIFFER Director, Office of International Visitors LULA RODRIGUEZ Director, Office of Academic Programs EDWARD MCBRIDE Director, Office of Policy and Evaluation MARK TAPLIN, Acting Executive Officer J. DAVID WHITTEN Associate Director for Management HENRY HOWARD, JR. Deputy Associate Director JOHN BAKER Director, Office of Administration EILEEN KEANE BINNS Director, Office of Technology DANIEL S. CAMPBELL Director, Office of Human Resources JAN BRAMBILLA Comptroller, Office of the Comptroller STANLEY M. SILVERMAN Director, Office of Security LARRY CARNAHAN, Acting Director, Office of Contracts EDWARD G. MULLER, Acting Executive Officer DANIEL D. DUNNING Director, Office of African Affairs THOMAS HULL Deputy Director HELEN PICARD Director, Office of Inter-American Affairs STEPHEN CHAPLIN Deputy Director LINDA JEWELL Director, Office of East Asian and Pacific FRANK SCOTTON Affairs Deputy Director NICHOLAS MELE Director, Office of West European and C. MILLER CROUCH Canadian Affairs Deputy Director SUSAN ANN CLYDE Director, Office of East European and NIS ROBERT E. MCCARTHY Affairs Deputy Director PAUL R. SMITH 686 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Office of North African, Near Eastern KENTON KEITH and South Asian Affairs Deputy Director JONATHAN OWEN [For the United States Information Agency statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 22, Part 504]

The mission of the United States Information Agency is to understand, inform, and influence foreign communities in promotion of the national interest; and to broaden the dialog between Americans, their institutions, and counterparts abroad. In support of that mission, the Agency conducts academic and cultural exchanges, international broadcasting, and a wide variety of informational programs. The Agency is known as the U.S. Information Service overseas.

The legislative mandates of the United communications along narrowly defined States Information Agency (USIA) derive bureaucratic channels. On this basis, from the United States Information and USIA has three established goals: Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 —increased understanding and U.S.C. 1431) and the Mutual Educational acceptance of U.S. policies and U.S. and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 society by foreign audiences; U.S.C. 2451). The U.S. Information and —broadened dialog between Educational Exchange Act’s purpose is to American and U.S. institutions and their increase mutual understanding between counterparts overseas; and the people of the United States and the —increased U.S. Government people of other countries. It prohibits, knowledge and understanding of foreign with certain exceptions approved by attitudes and their implications for U.S. Congress, dissemination within the foreign policy. United States of materials produced by To accomplish its goals, the Agency the Agency for distribution overseas. It conducts a variety of activities overseas, also requires the Agency to make its including educational exchanges, overseas program materials available for international radio and television public inspection at its Washington, DC, broadcasting, distribution of transcripts headquarters. The Mutual Educational and official texts of significant U.S. and Cultural Exchange Act authorizes Government policy statements, educational and cultural exchanges maintaining information resource centers between the United States and other overseas with online reference countries, as well as United States capabilities, assisting the mass media in participation in international fairs and bringing information about U.S. foreign expositions abroad. policy to audiences around the world, The executive level offices of the and facilitating linkages between Agency are the Office of Public Liaison, American and foreign nongovernmental Office of the General Counsel, Office of institutions. Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs, Office of Civil Rights, and the Functional Elements Office of Research and Media Reaction. The four major functional elements of the Agency are the International Activities Broadcasting Bureau, the Bureau of The activities of the U.S. Information Educational and Cultural Affairs, the Agency are based on the premise that Bureau of Information, and the Bureau of government-to-government relations Management. depend on public diplomacy strategies, International Broadcasting Bureau The because they affect individuals and International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB) institutions who influence their was established by the United States governments. Increasingly, foreign International Broadcasting Act of 1994. relations are not simply the prerogative While a part of USIA, IBB receives of foreign ministries conducting decisionmaking and operational UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY 687 OFFICE OF AND SOUTH ASIAN AFFAIRS NORTH AFRICAN, NEAR EASTERN, BUREAU OF MANAGEMENT •ADMINISTRATION •TECHNOLOGY •HUMAN RESOURCES •COMPTROLLER •CONTRACTS •SECURITY REACTION OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MEDIA OFFICE OF EAST EUROPEAN AND NEW INDEPENDENT STATES AFFAIRS U.S. ADVISORY COMMISSION ON PUBLIC DIPLOMACY THE AGENCY COUNSELOR OF OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS FULBRIGHT FOREIGN SCHOLARSHIP BOARD CULTURAL PROPERTY ADVISORY COMMITTEE OFFICE OF AND CULTURAL AFFAIRS BUREAU OF EDUCATIONAL •ACADEMIC PROGRAMS •INTERNATIONAL VISITORS •PROFESSIONAL AND CULTURAL PROGRAMS •SUPPORT SERVICES CANADIAN AFFAIRS WEST EUROPEAN AND DIRECTOR DEPUTY DIRECTOR OFFICE OF EAST ASIAN AND PACIFIC AFFAIRS BUREAU OF INFORMATION OFFICE OF •GEOGRAPHIC LIAISON OFFICES •THEMATIC PROGRAMS •FOREIGN PRESS CENTERS •SUPPORT SERVICES THE GENERAL COUNSEL UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY INFORMATION UNITED STATES UNITED STATES INFORMATION SERVICE POSTS AFFAIRS OFFICE OF INTER-AMERICAN OFFICE OF PUBLIC LIAISON RADIO LIBERTY RADIO FREE ASIA RADIO FREE EUROPE/ OFFICE OF AFRICAN AFFAIRS INTERNATIONAL OF GOVERNORS AFFAIRS OFFICE OF BROADCASTING BOARD BROADCASTING BUREAU CONGRESSIONAL AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL •VOICE OF AMERICA PROGRAMS •WORLDNET TV AND FILM SERVICE •BROADCASTING TO CUBA •ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL OPERATIONS •SUPPORT SERVICES 688 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL guidance from the Broadcasting Board of broadcasters in the production and Governors. The Bureau consists of the telecast of cooperative television Voice of America, the Office of Cuba programs; serving as the Bureau’s Broadcasting, WORLDNET Television primary point of contact with American and Film Service, Radio Free Europe/ motion picture and television industries; Radio Liberty, and Radio Free Asia. and coordinating with other U.S. and The Voice of America (VOA) is the foreign government agencies on the International Broadcasting Bureau’s dissemination of information overseas functional element for worldwide radio through motion pictures and television. broadcasting. VOA operates in Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Inc. accordance with the act of January 27, (RFE/RL) is a private, nonprofit 1948, as amended (22 U.S.C. 1463), corporation funded by U.S. Government which requires that it serve as a grants. It broadcasts more than 700 consistently reliable, authoritative, hours weekly of news, analysis, and accurate, objective, and comprehensive current affairs in 22 languages to more news source. It must present a balanced than 25 million regular listeners in and comprehensive projection of Central Europe and the former Soviet significant American thought and Union. RFE/RL also reaches listeners institutions. VOA produces and from U.S. Government-funded shortwave broadcasts radio programs in English and stations in Spain, Portugal, Germany, 46 foreign languages for overseas Thailand, and the Philippines and via audiences, and to over 2000 affiliate satellite to local AM/FM stations stations worldwide. Its programming including national networks in Ukraine, includes world and regional news, the Baltic States, Bulgaria, the Czech and reports from correspondents on the Slovak Republics, and Kyrgyzstan. Major scene, analyses of worldwide events, AM/FM stations in Russia, the former feature programs, music, and editorials. Yugoslavia, Romania, the Caucasus, and The Office of Cuba Broadcasting Central Asia also carry RFE/RL programs. oversees all programming broadcast for Radio Free Asia Established in 1996, Cuba on Radio Marti and TV Marti Radio Free Asia is a private, nonprofit programs. In keeping with the principles corporation funded by U.S. Government of the VOA charter, both services offer grants. It provides news and commentary their audiences accurate and objective about regional events, broadcasting in news reports and features on American Mandarin Chinese, Tibetan, Burmese, culture and opinion. Radio Marti Korean, and Vietnamese. broadcasts on medium and shortwave Bureau of Information The Bureau of frequencies. TV Marti is available on Information is USIA’s primary source of VHF (very high frequency) and information products for its posts and international satellite. publics abroad. It is moving into new The WORLDNET Television and Film electronic communications media as fast Service is responsible for organizing and as technology permits, while maintaining directing the International Broadcasting an extensive line of print products, Bureau’s worldwide television and film operating a specialized wire service, activities. The areas of responsibility facilitating the activities of foreign media encompass: producing programs and in the United States, and operating a interactive press conferences for the worldwide speakers bureau on WORLDNET satellite delivery system; significant issues in foreign affairs. newsfiles in English, Spanish, French, The Bureau has created an interactive Arabic, Ukrainian, and Russian; CD–ROM on student counseling and a producing and acquiring films and weekly series of Internet-based electronic videotapes for direct projection or journals covering major issues to placement overseas; providing facilitative complement its wide range of electronic assistance to visiting foreign television media. These products focus on and film producers; operating television representing enduring American values, news bureaus at foreign press centers; particularly individual freedom and providing assistance to foreign equality under the law, and on UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY 689 promoting democratization, market and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (the economics, human rights, the rule of Fulbright-Hays Act), including academic law, and the peaceful resolution of exchanges, short-term professional disputes. exchanges, youth exchanges, The Bureau’s offices and teams are cooperative projects with private organized around major themes in organizations, and English-teaching public diplomacy, regional concerns and programs. It also provides staff support interests, and media specialties. Its for the Presidentially appointed J. products and services are produced in William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship response to requirements set by USIA Board and for the Cultural Property field posts and U.S. foreign affairs Advisory Committee. The Bureau priorities. consists of the following offices: The Office of Geographic Liaison The Office of Academic Programs serves as the primary point of contact develops and coordinates a wide variety with the field. In addition, it provides of academic educational exchange and comprehensive research and English language-teaching programs. It bibliographic assistance and editing and oversees the administration of more than distribution for time-sensitive texts. The 7,000 grants each year to U.S. citizens Office functions as a regional news to study, teach, and conduct research service, providing operational support abroad, and for foreign nationals to and advice to more than 100 USIS conduct similar activities in the United documentation and information resource States. The best known of the exchanges centers and libraries overseas, and supported by this office is the Fulbright managing regional operations of the Program which operates in more than Bureau’s international wire service, the 120 countries. The Office of Academic Washington File. The Office responds to Programs maintains a worldwide the special needs of each of the information network about educational Agency’s overseas posts. opportunities in the United States, and The Office of Thematic Programs supports programs which enhance the creates information products keyed to experiences of foreign students enrolled themes in American foreign policy that in U.S. colleges and universities. The have been identified as vital: Economic Office also encourages and supports Security, Political Security, Democracy U.S.-based studies at foreign universities and Human Rights, U.S. Society and and other institutions of higher learning. Values, and Global Issues and Worldwide support for English language Communication. Equally important is the training is provided through overseas- Office’s active speakers program, in based language consultants, which physical travel by the Nation’s development of English language leading experts on identified issues is teaching materials, and a variety of supplemented by video and audio teacher training seminars and conferencing with their counterparts fellowships. abroad. The Office of International Visitors Foreign Press Centers have been arranges informative visits to the United established in Washington, DC, New States for more than 5,000 influential York City, and Los Angeles to give foreign leaders each year in such fields foreign journalists visiting or residing in as government, economics, labor, the United States information about U.S. journalism, the arts, and education. policies and access to policymakers. The Selected individuals, who are nominated Centers are affiliated with a network of by United States Information Service locally initiated and funded International posts, travel throughout the country Press Centers in Atlanta, Chicago, meeting counterparts in their fields of Houston, Miami, and Seattle. interest. They also meet with Americans Bureau of Educational and Cultural in their homes or other informal settings. Affairs The Bureau of Educational and The Office also manages the Agency’s Cultural Affairs administers programs New York reception center; serves as the authorized by the Mutual Educational Agency’s liaison with the large network 690 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL of public and private organizations the Bureau’s activities and on the involved in the international visitor development and implementation of its program; and arranges programs in the policies. It coordinates activities with the United States for United Nations fellows Bureau to ensure consistency of and foreign government trainees. approach; evaluates the success, The Office of Citizen Exchanges strengths, and weaknesses of programs; provides funding to American nonprofit and provides staff support to the Cultural institutions for international exchange Property Advisory Committee, which and training programs which support advises the Director on U.S. efforts to agency goals and objectives. Nonprofit curb illicit trade in artifacts. institutions may submit proposals only in response to requests for proposals (RFP’s) Overseas Posts published by the Office, and these Principally an overseas agency, USIA’s proposals are judged among others in work is carried out by its foreign service the competition. Programs usually officers and staff assigned to American involve professional, nonacademic missions abroad. Overseas posts engage exchanges—often with study tours, in political advocacy of American workshops, and internships as key foreign policy objectives and conduct components, and taking place in cultural and educational exchanges and multiple phases overseas and in the informational activities in support of United States. Emphasis is usually on those objectives. The Agency maintains nontechnical themes such as democracy- more than 200 posts in 143 countries. building, journalism, the role of government, or conflict resolution. The Sources of Information Office also administers all high school exchange programs sponsored by USIA, Administrative Regulations Inquiries including major special initiatives in East regarding administrative staff manuals Europe and the former Soviet Union, and and instructions to staff affecting the Congress-Bundestag program with members of the public that were issued, Germany. adopted, or promulgated on or after July In addition, the Office identifies and 5, 1967, should be directed to the recruits specialists in the fields of Directives, Management Staff, United literature, film, and the visual and States Information Agency, Washington, performing arts to speak at or work with DC 20547. Phone, 202–619–5680. host country institutions in their fields of Contracts Contact the Office of expertise. The Office awards grants to Contracts, United States Information American nonprofit institutions involved Agency, Washington, DC 20547. Phone, in the international exchange of 202–205–5498. performing and visual artists and Employment For information encourages linkages between U.S. and concerning employment opportunities, foreign cultural institutions. The Office contact the Office of Human Resources, also represents the Agency in the Fund Civil Service Division, United States for U.S. Artists at International Festivals Information Agency, Washington, DC and Exhibitions. 20547. Phone, 202–619–4659. For The Office of Policy and Evaluation Voice of America and WORLDNET provides policy analysis, coordination, Television and Film Service employment and evaluation of the activities and information, contact the Office of programs of the Bureau of Educational Personnel, International Broadcasting and Cultural Affairs. The Office also Bureau, United States Information analyzes U.S. Government-funded Agency, Washington, DC 20547. Phone, international exchanges and training 202–619–3117. For Office of Cuba programs with the objective of Broadcasting employment information, promoting better coordination among contact the Office of Personnel, Office of government agencies. The Office is Cuba Broadcasting, United States responsible for advising the Associate Information Agency, Washington, DC Director on conceptual approaches to 20547. Phone, 202–401–7114. U.S. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY 691

International Audiovisual Programs For an educational, scientific, and cultural information concerning a certification character, contact the Chief Attestation program under international agreement Officer of the United States, United to facilitate the export and import of States Information Agency, Washington, qualified visual and auditory materials of DC 20547. Phone, 202–401–9810.

For further information, contact the Office of Public Liaison, United States Information Agency, Washington, DC 20547. Phone, 202–619–4355.

UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY 320 Twenty-first Street NW., Washington, DC 20523–0001 Phone, 202–647–1850

Director, U.S. International Development J. BRIAN ATWOOD, Acting Cooperation Agency Deputy Director (VACANCY)

AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 320 Twenty-first Street NW., Washington, DC 20523–0001 Phone, 202–647–1850

Administrator J. BRIAN ATWOOD Deputy Administrator (VACANCY) Counselor KELLY C. KAMMERER Chief of Staff RICHARD L. MCCALL, JR. Executive Secretary RYAN CONROY Assistant to the Administrator, Bureau for KELLY C. KAMMERER, Acting Policy and Program Coordination Assistant Administrator for Management LARRY E. BYRNE Assistant Administrator for Africa CAROL PEASLEY Assistant Administrator for Asia and the Near MARGARET CARPENTER East Assistant Administrator for Europe and the THOMAS A. DINE New Independent States Assistant Administrator for Latin America and MARK SCHNEIDER the Caribbean Assistant Administrator for Humanitarian LEONARD M. ROGERS, Acting Response Assistant Administrator for Global Programs, SALLY SHELTON Field Support, and Research Assistant Administrator for Legislative and JILL BUCKLEY Public Affairs Director, Office of Small and Disadvantaged IVAN R. ASHLEY Business Utilization Director, Office of Equal Opportunity Programs JESSALYN L. PENDARVIS 692 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

General Counsel SINGLETON B. MCALLISTER Inspector General JEFFREY RUSH, JR. [For the Agency for International Development statement of organization, see the Federal Register of Aug. 26, 1987, 52 FR 32174]

OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION 1100 New York Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20527 Phone, 202–336–8400. Fax, 202–408–9859

President and Chief Executive Officer MILDRED O. CALLEAR, Acting Executive Vice President (VACANCY) Vice President, Investment Development ROBERT L. SCHIFFER Vice President and General Counsel CHARLES D. TOY Vice President and Treasurer MILDRED O. CALLEAR Vice President, Finance FRANK L. LANGHAMMER Vice President, Insurance DANIEL W. RIORDAN Vice President, Investment Funds ROBERT D. STILLMAN Vice President, Management Services WILLIAM C. MOSS Chairman of the Board J. BRIAN ATWOOD [For the Overseas Private Investment Corporation statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 22, Chapter VII]

The United States International Development Cooperation Agency (IDCA) was established by Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1979 (5 U.S.C. app., effective October 1, 1979) to be a focal point within the U.S. Government for economic matters affecting U.S. relations with developing countries. The Agency’s functions are policy planning, policymaking, and policy coordination on international economic issues affecting developing countries. The Director of the Agency serves as the principal international development adviser to the President and the Secretary of State, receiving foreign policy guidance from the Secretary of State. The U.S. Agency for International Development and the Overseas Private Investment Corporation are component agencies of the U.S. International Development Cooperation Agency.

Agency for International Development

The U.S. Agency for International programs in four areas: population and Development (USAID) administers U.S. health, broad-based economic growth, foreign economic and humanitarian environment, and democracy. It also assistance programs worldwide in the provides humanitarian assistance and aid developing world, Central and Eastern to countries in crisis and transition. Europe, and the New Independent States of the former Soviet Union. The Agency Population and Health The Agency functions under an Administrator, who contributes to a cooperative global effort concurrently serves as the Acting to stabilize world population growth and Director of IDCA. support women’s reproductive rights. The types of population and health Programs programs supported vary with the particular needs of individual countries The Agency meets its post-Cold War era and the kinds of approaches that local challenges by utilizing its strategy for communities initiate and support. Most achieving sustainable development in USAID resources are directed to the developing countries. It supports following areas: support for voluntary U.S. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY 693

UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY

AGENCY FOR OVERSEAS PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION 694 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL DISADVANTAGED OFFICE OF SMALL RESOURCES CENTER BUSINESS / MINORITY BUREAU FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PROGRAM POLICY AND BUREAU FOR COORDINATION OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL BUREAU FOR EUROPE AND THE NEW INDEPENDENT STATES OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL BUREAU FOR THE CARIBBEAN FIELD MISSIONS LATIN AMERICA AND DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR OFFICE OF PROGRAMS EQUAL OPPORTUNITY AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NEAR EAST BUREAU FOR ASIA AND THE BUREAU FOR PUBLIC AFFAIRS LEGISLATIVE AND QUALITY COUNCIL BUREAU FOR MANAGEMENT AFRICA BUREAU FOR BUREAU FOR AND RESEARCH FIELD SUPPORT, GLOBAL PROGRAMS, U.S. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY 695 family planning systems, reproductive transition to and consolidation of health care, needs of adolescents and democratic regimes throughout the young adults, infant and child health, world. Programs focus on such problems and education for girls and women. as: human rights abuses; misperceptions Economic Growth The Agency about democracy and free-market promotes broad-based economic growth capitalism; lack of experience with by addressing the factors that enhance democratic institutions; the absence or the capacity for growth and by working weakness of intermediary organizations; to remove the obstacles that stand in the nonexistent, ineffectual, or undemocratic way of individual opportunity. In this political parties; disenfranchisement of context, programs concentrate on women, indigenous peoples, and strengthening market economies, minorities; failure to implement national expanding economic opportunities for charter documents; powerless or poorly the less advantaged in developing defined democratic institutions; tainted countries, and building human skills and elections; and the inability to resolve capacities to facilitate broad-based conflicts peacefully. participation. Humanitarian Assistance and Post-Crisis Environment The Agency’s Transitions The Agency provides environmental programs support two humanitarian assistance that saves lives, strategic goals: reducing long-term reduces suffering, helps victims return to threats to the global environment, self-sufficiency, and reinforces particularly loss of biodiversity and democracy. Programs focus on disaster climate change; and promoting prevention, preparedness, and sustainable economic growth locally, mitigation; timely delivery of disaster nationally, and regionally by addressing relief and short-term rehabilitation environmental, economic, and supplies and services; preservation of developmental practices that impede basic institutions of civil governance development and are unsustainable. during disaster crisis; support for Globally, Agency programs focus on democratic institutions during periods of reducing sources and enhancing sinks of national transition; and building and greenhouse gas emissions and on reinforcement of local capacity to promoting innovative approaches to the anticipate and handle disasters and their conservation and sustainable use of the aftermath. planet’s biological diversity. The approach to national environmental Overseas Organizations problems differs on a country-by-country U.S. Agency for International basis, depending on a particular Development country organizations are country’s environmental priorities. located in countries where a bilateral Country strategies may include program is being implemented. The in- improving agricultural, industrial, and country organizations are subject to the natural resource management practices direction and guidance of the chief U.S. that play a central role in environmental diplomatic representative in the country, degradation; strengthening public usually the Ambassador. The policies and institutions to protect the organizations report to the Agency’s environment; holding dialogs with Assistant Administrators for the four country governments on environmental geographic bureaus—the Bureaus for issues and with international agencies on Africa, Asia and Near East, Europe and the environmental impact of lending the New Independent States, and Latin practices and the design and America and the Caribbean. implementation of innovative There are three types of country mechanisms to support environmental organizations: USAID missions, offices of work; and environmental research and the USAID representative, and USAID education. sections of the embassy. Agency Democracy The Agency’s strategic missions are located in countries in objective in the democracy area is the which the U.S. economic assistance 696 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL program is major, continuing, and Country OrganizationsÐU.S. Agency for usually involves multiple types of aid in International Development—Continued several sectors. Each mission is headed (Missions, Offices, or Sections of Embassy) by a mission director, who has been Country Officer in Charge 1 delegated program planning, Colombia/Bogota ...... Lars Klassen (OR) implementation, and representation Croatia/Zagreb ...... Charles R. Aaneson (OR) authorities. Offices of the USAID Czech Republic/Prague ...... James F. Bednar (OR) representative are located in countries in Dominican Republic/Santo Marilyn Zak (MD) Domingo. which the economic assistance program Ecuador/Quito ...... Thomas Geiger (MD) is moderate, declining, or has limited Egypt/Cairo ...... John Westley (MD) objectives. The offices are usually El Salvador/San Salvador .... Carl Leonard, Acting (MD) headed by a USAID representative, who Ethiopia/Addis Ababa ...... Margaret Bonner (MD) FYR Macedonia/Skopje ...... Linda Gregory (OR) also has delegated authority for program Gambia/Banjul ...... Anne Williams, Acting (OR) implementation and representation. Ghana/Accra ...... Myron Golden (MD) Agency sections of the embassy are Guatemala/Guatemala City .. William Rhodes (MD) Guinea/Conakry ...... John B. Flynn (MD) located in countries where the assistance Guinea-Bissau/Bissau ...... Nancy McKay, Acting (OR) program is very small or is being phased Guyana/Georgetown ...... Pat McDuffy (MD) out. Program planning and Haiti/Port-au-Prince ...... Larry Crandall (MD) implementation authorities are delegated Honduras/Tegucigalpa ...... Elena Brineman (MD) Hungary/Budapest ...... Thomas Cornell (OR) to the chief U.S. diplomatic India/New Delhi ...... Linda E. Morse (MD) representative who is assisted by the Indonesia/Jakarta ...... Vivikka M. Molldrem (MD) USAID affairs officer. Israel/Jerusalem (West Christopher Crowley (MD) Bank). The overseas program activities that Israel/Tel Aviv (Gaza) ...... Christopher Crowley (MD) involve more than one country are Jamaica/Kingston ...... Carol Tyson (MD) administered by regional offices. These Jordan/Amman ...... Lewis W. Lucke (MD) offices may also perform country Kazakstan/Almaty ...... Patricia Buckles (MD) Kenya/Nairobi ...... George E. Jones (MD) organizational responsibilities for Latvia/Riga ...... (Vacancy) (OR) assigned countries. Generally, the offices Liberia/Monrovia ...... Lowell Lynch (OR) are headed by a regional development Lithuania/Vilnius ...... Ronald Greenberg (OR) Madagascar/Antananarivo .... Donald R. MacKenzie (MD) officer. Malawi/Lilongwe ...... Cynthia Rozell (MD) Development Assistance Coordination Mali/Bamako ...... Joel Schlesinger (MD) and Representative Offices provide Mexico/Mexico City ...... Arthur Danart (OR) liaison with various international Mongolia/Ulaanbaatar ...... (Vacancy) (OR) Morocco/Rabat ...... Michael Farbman (MD) organizations and represent U.S. interests Mozambique/Maputo ...... George Wachtenheim (MD) in development assistance matters. Such Namibia/Windhoeck ...... Edward Spriggs (OR) offices may be only partially staffed by Nepal/Kathmandu ...... Frederick Machmer (MD) Nicaragua/Managua ...... George Carner (MD) Agency personnel and may be headed Niger/Niamey ...... James Anderson (MD) by employees of other U.S. Government Nigeria/Lagos ...... Felix Awantang (AAO) agencies. Panama/Panama City ...... Douglas Chiriboga (MD) Paraguay/Asuncion ...... Barbara Kennedy (OR) Country OrganizationsÐU.S. Agency for Peru/Lima ...... Eric Zallman (MD) International Development Philippines/Manila ...... Kenneth Schofield (MD) Philippines/Manila (ASEAN) Dennis Zvinakis (OR) (Missions, Offices, or Sections of Embassy) Poland/Warsaw ...... Suzanne Olds (OR) Country Officer in Charge 1 Romania/Bucharest ...... Peter Lapera (OR) Russia/Moscow ...... Janet Ballantyne (MD) Albania/Tirana ...... Dianne M. Blane (OR) Rwanda/Kigali ...... George Lewis (MD) Angola/Luanda ...... Nicholas Jenks, Acting Senegal/Dakar ...... Anne Williams (MD) (CO) Slovakia/Bratislava ...... Patricia Lerner (OR) Armenia/Yerevan ...... Geraldine Donnelly (OR) Somalia/Mogadishu ...... John H. Bierke (MD) Bangladesh/Dhaka ...... Richard Brown (MD) South Africa/Pretoria ...... Aaron Williams (MD) Belize/Belize City ...... Robert Dakan (OR) Sri Lanka/Colombo ...... David Cohen (MD) Benin/Cotonou ...... Thomas E. Park (OR) Tanzania/Dar es Salaam ...... Lucretia Taylor (MD) Bolivia/La Paz ...... Frank Almaguer (MD) Uganda/Kampala ...... Donald Clark (MD) Botswana/Gaborone ...... Valerie Dickson-Horton (MD) Ukraine/Kiev ...... Gregory F. Huger (MD) Brazil/Brasilia ...... Edward Kadunc (OR) Zambia/Lusaka ...... Walter North (MD) Bulgaria/Sofia ...... John A. Tennant (OR) Zimbabwe/Harare ...... Peter Benedict (MD) Burundi/Bujumbura ...... Keith Brown (MD) 1 MD: Mission Director; D: Director; OR: Office of the AID Cambodia/Phnom Penh ...... Gordon West (OR) Representative; DO: Development Officer; RD: Regional Di- Cape Verde/Praia ...... Williard Pearson, Acting rector; AAO: AID Affairs Officer for Section of Embassy; (OR) CO: Coordinator in Washington U.S. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY 697

International OrganizationsÐAgency for International Development (Selected Regional Organizations) (A: Adviser; C: Counselor; ED: Executive Director; MD: Mission Director; AID R: AID Representative; RD: Regional Director)

Country Officer in Charge

Regional Offices Regional Economic Development Services Offices. Office for East and Southern AfricaÐNairobi, Kenya ...... Keith Brown (RD) Office for West and Central AfricaÐCote d'Ivoire, Abidjan ...... Williard Pearson (RD) Development Assistance Coordination and Representation Offices U.S. Mission to the United Nations Agencies for Food and AgricultureÐRome, Italy ...... David Garms (ED) Office of the U.S. Representative to the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization James H. Michel (AID R) for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentÐParis, France. Office of the AID Development Adviser to the U.S. Executive Director of the Asian Development John Cloutier (A) BankÐManila, Philippines. U.S. Mission to the European Office of the United Nations and Other International Organiza- Nance Kyloh (AID R) tionsÐGeneva, Switzerland. AID Office for Development CooperationÐTokyo, Japan ...... Paul White (C)

Overseas Private Investment Corporation

The Overseas Private Investment impact on the host country’s Corporation (OPIC) is a self-sustaining environment or workers’ rights. Federal agency whose purpose is to The Corporation is governed by a 15- promote economic growth in developing member Board of Directors, of whom 8 countries by encouraging U.S. private are appointed from the private sector investment in those nations. The and 7 from the Federal Government. Corporation assists American investors in four principal ways: financing of Activities businesses through loans and loan guaranties; supporting private investment By reducing or eliminating certain funds which provide equity for U.S. perceived political risks for investors and companies investing in projects overseas; providing financing and assistance not insuring investments against a broad otherwise available, the Corporation range of political risks; and engaging in helps to reduce the unusual risks and outreach activities. All of these programs problems that can make investment are designed to reduce the perceived opportunities in the developing areas stumbling blocks and risks associated less attractive than in advanced with overseas investment. countries. At the same time, it reduces Organized as a corporation and the need for government-to-government structured to be responsive to private lending programs by involving the U.S. business, OPIC is mandated to mobilize private sector in establishing capital- and facilitate the participation of U.S. generation and strengthening private- private capital and skills in the economic and social development of developing sector economies in developing countries and emerging economies. countries. Currently, OPIC programs are available The Corporation insures U.S. investors for new business enterprises or against the political risks of expansion in some 140 countries expropriation, inconvertibility of local worldwide. The Corporation encourages currency holdings, and damage from American overseas private investment in war, revolution, insurrection, or civil sound business projects, thereby strife. It also offers a special insurance improving U.S. global competitiveness, policy to U.S. contractors and exporters creating American jobs, and increasing against arbitrary drawings of letters of U.S. exports. The Corporation does not credit posted as bid, performance, or support projects that will result in the advance payment guaranties. Other loss of domestic jobs or have a negative special programs are offered for minerals 698 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL exploration, oil and gas exploration, and Additionally, OPIC supports a family development and leasing operations. of privately managed direct investment The Corporation offers U.S. lenders funds in various regions and business protection against both commercial and sectors. Such funds currently operate in political risks by guaranteeing payment most countries in East Asia, sub-Saharan of principal and interest on loans (up to African, South America, Russia and other New Independent States, Poland and $200 million) made to eligible private other countries in Central Europe, India, enterprises. and Israel. Its Direct Investment loans, offered to Programs are available only for a new small and medium-sized businesses, facility, expansion or modernization of generally cover terms of from 7 to 12 an existing plant, or technological or years and usually range from $2 million service products designed to generate to $10 million with varying interest rates, investment which will produce depending on assessment of the significant new benefits for host commercial risks of the project financed. countries.

Sources of Information U.S. International Development DC 20523–0001. Phone, 202–663– Cooperation Agency 2400. General Inquiries General inquiries General Inquiries Inquiries may be may be directed to the Bureau for directed to the Office of External Affairs, Legislative and Public Affairs, Agency for U.S. International Development International Development, Washington, Cooperation Agency, Washington, DC DC 20523–0001. Phone, 202–647– 20523–0001. Phone, 202–647–1850. 1850. News Media Inquiries from the media Agency for International Development only should be directed to the Press Congressional Affairs Congressional Relations Division, Bureau for Legislative inquiries may be directed to the Bureau and Public Affairs, Agency for for Legislative and Public Affairs, Agency International Development, Washington, for International Development, DC 20523–0001. Phone, 202–647– Washington, DC 20523–0001. Phone, 4274. 202–647–8440. Contracting and Small Business Inquiries Overseas Private Investment For information regarding contracting Corporation opportunities, contact the Office of Small General Inquiries Inquiries should be and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, directed to the Information Office, Agency for International Development, Overseas Private Investment Corporation, Washington, DC 20523–0001. Phone, 1100 New York Avenue NW., 703–875–1551. Washington, DC 20527. Phone, 202– Employment For information regarding 336–8799. Fax, 202–336–8700. E-mail, employment opportunities, contact the opic/[email protected]. Workforce Planning, Recruitment and Publications OPIC programs are further Personnel Systems Division, Office of detailed in the Annual Report and the Human Resources, Agency for Program Summary. These publications International Development, Washington, are available free of charge.

For further information, contact the United States International Development Cooperation Agency, 320 Twenty-first Street NW., Washington, DC 20523–0001. Phone, 202–647–1850. UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION 699

UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION 500 E Street SW., Washington, DC 20436 Phone, 202–205–2000

Chairman MARCIA E. MILLER Vice Chairman LYNN M. BRAGG Commissioners CAROL T. CRAWFORD, DON E. NEWQUIST, (2 VACANCIES) General Counsel LYN SCHLITT Director, Office of External Relations DANIEL F. LEAHY Congressional Relations Officer NANCY M. CARMAN Public Affairs Officer MARGARET M. O’LAUGHLIN Trade Remedy Assistance Officer ELIZABETH SELTZER Administrative Law Judges SIDNEY HARRIS, PAUL J. LUCKERN Secretary DONNA R. KOEHNKE Inspector General JANE ALTENHOFEN Director, Office of Operations ROBERT ROGOWSKY Director, Office of Investigations LYNN FEATHERSTONE Director, Office of Economics ROBERT ROGOWSKY, Acting Director, Office of Industries M. VERN SIMPSON, JR. Division Chief, Agriculture and Forest CATHY L. JABARA Products Division Chief, Minerals, Metals, Machinery, LARRY L. BROOKHART and Miscellaneous Manufactures Division Chief, Energy, Chemicals, and JOHN J. GERSIC Textiles Division Chief, Services, Electronics, and NORMAN MCLENNAN Transportation Director, Office of Tariff Affairs and Trade EUGENE A. ROSENGARDEN Agreements Director, Office of Unfair Import Investigations LYNN LEVINE Director, Office of Information Services MARTIN SMITH Director, Office of Equal Employment JACQUELINE A. WATERS Opportunity Director, Office of Administration STEPHEN MCLAUGHLIN

The United States International Trade Commission furnishes studies, reports, and recommendations involving international trade and tariffs to the President, the Congress, and other Government agencies. In this capacity, the Commission conducts a variety of investigations, public hearings, and research projects pertaining to the international trade policies of the United States.

The United States International Trade U.S.C. 2231). The Commission’s present Commission is an independent agency powers and duties are provided for created by act of September 8, 1916 (39 largely by the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 Stat. 795), and originally named the U.S.C. 1654); the Agricultural United States Tariff Commission. The Adjustment Act (7 U.S.C. 601); the Trade name was changed to the United States Expansion Act of 1962 (19 U.S.C. 1801); International Trade Commission by the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2101); section 171 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (19 700 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY OFFICE OF EQUAL OFFICE OF PERSONNEL EMPLOYEE OFFICE OF DEVELOPMENT INSPECTOR GENERAL OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT SERVICES OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION OFFICE OF FINANCE AND BUDGET CHAIRMAN COMMISSION OFFICE OF OFFICE OFFICE OF INFORMATION SERVICES ASSISTANCE TRADE REMEDY EXTERNAL RELATIONS OFFICE OF UNFAIR IMPORT INVESTIGATIONS OFFICE OF INVESTIGATIONS OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION OFFICE OF OPERATIONS OFFICE OF INDUSTRIES OFFICE OF LAW JUDGES ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF TARIFF AFFAIRS AND TRADE AGREEMENTS OFFICE OF ECONOMICS UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION 701

U.S.C. 2501); and the Omnibus Trade matters relating to the commercial and and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (19 international trade policies of the United U.S.C. 2901). States. Six Commissioners are appointed by Trade Negotiations The Commission the President with the advice and advises the President as to the probable consent of the Senate for 9-year terms, economic effect on the domestic unless appointed to fill an unexpired industry and consumers of modification term. The Chairman and Vice Chairman of duties and other barriers to trade that are designated by the President for 2- may be considered for inclusion in any year terms, and succeeding Chairmen proposed trade agreement with foreign may not be of the same political party. countries (19 U.S.C. 2151). The Chairman generally is responsible Generalized System of Preferences The for the administration of the Commission advises the President with Commission. Not more than three respect to every article that may be Commissioners may be members of the considered for preferential removal of same political party (19 U.S.C. 1330). the duty on imports from designated developing countries as to the probable Activities economic effect the preferential removal The Commission performs a number of of duty will have on the domestic functions pursuant to the statutes referred industry and on consumers (19 U.S.C. to above. Under the Tariff Act of 1930, 2151, 2163). the Commission is given broad powers Industry Adjustment to Import of investigation relating to the customs Competition (Global Safeguard Actions) laws of the United States and foreign The Commission conducts investigations countries; the volume of importation in upon petition on behalf of an industry, a comparison with domestic production firm, a group of workers, or other entity and consumption; the conditions, representative of an industry to causes, and effects relating to determine whether an article is being competition of foreign industries with imported in such increased quantities as those of the United States; and all other to be a substantial cause of serious factors affecting competition between injury or threat thereof to the domestic articles of the United States and industry producing an article like or imported articles. The Commission is directly competitive with the imported required to make available to the article (19 U.S.C. 2251–2254). If the President and to the Committee on Ways Commission’s finding is affirmative, it and Means of the House of recommends to the President the action Representatives and to the Committee on that would address such injury and be Finance of the Senate, whenever most effective in facilitating positive requested, all information at its adjustment by the industry to import command and is directed to make such competition. The President has discretion investigations and reports as may be to take action that could be in the form requested by the President or by either of an increase in duties, imposition of a of said committees or by either branch quota, negotiation of orderly marketing of the Congress. The Omnibus Trade and agreements, or provision of adjustment Competitiveness Act of 1988 amended assistance to groups of workers, firms, or several of the statutes administered by communities. If the President does not the Commission and, in addition, provide relief or does not provide relief required the Commission to conduct in the form recommended by the several industry competitiveness Commission, Congress may, by means of investigations. a joint resolution disapproving the action In order to carry out these of the President, direct the President to responsibilities, the Commission is provide the relief recommended by the required to engage in extensive research, Commission (19 U.S.C. 2251–2254). conduct specialized studies, and The Commission reports with respect maintain a high degree of expertise in all to developments within an industry that 702 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL has been granted import relief and Communist country. Commission advises the President of the probable investigations conducted under this economic effect of the reduction or provision are similar procedurally to elimination of the tariff increase that has those conducted under the global been granted. The President may safeguard action provisions. continue, modify, or terminate the Imported Articles Subsidized or Sold at import relief previously granted. Less Than Fair Value The Commission Imports From NAFTA Countries conducts preliminary-phase (Bilateral Safeguard Actions) The investigations under the Tariff Act of Commission conducts investigations to 1930 to determine whether there is determine whether, as a result of the reasonable indication of material injury reduction or elimination of a duty to, threat of material injury to, or provided for under the North American material retardation of the establishment Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), a of an industry in the United States by Canadian article or a Mexican article, as reason of imports of foreign merchandise the case may be, is being imported into allegedly being subsidized or sold at less the United States in such increased than fair value (19 U.S.C. 1671, 1673, quantities and under such conditions so 1675). If the Commission’s determination that imports of the article constitute a is affirmative, and the Secretary of substantial cause of serious injury or Commerce further determines that the (except in the case of a Canadian article) foreign merchandise is being subsidized a threat of serious injury to the domestic or is being, or is likely to be, sold at less industry producing an article that is like than its fair value, or there is reason to or directly competitive with the imported believe or suspect such unfair practices article (19 U.S.C. 3351–3356). If the are occurring, then the Commission Commission’s determination is in the conducts final-phase investigations to affirmative, the Commission determine whether a U.S. industry is recommends to the President the relief materially injured or threatened with which is necessary to prevent or remedy material injury, or its establishment is serious injury. Such relief generally materially retarded by reason of such would take the form of the suspension of imports. If the Secretary of Commerce any further reduction in the rate of duty determines to suspend an investigation for such article from the subject country upon acceptance of an agreement to provided for in NAFTA, or an increase in eliminate the injurious effect of the rate of duty on such article from subsidized imports or imports sold at less such country to the lesser of the general than fair value, the Commission may column 1 rate of duty on such article or conduct an investigation to determine the column 1 rate of duty in effect whether the injurious effect of imports of immediately prior to the entry into force the merchandise that was the subject of of NAFTA. Commission investigations the suspended investigation is eliminated under these provisions are similar completely by the agreement. The procedurally to those conducted under Commission also conducts investigations the global safeguard action provisions. to determine whether in light of changed Market Disruption From Communist circumstances such a suspension Countries The Commission conducts agreement continues to eliminate investigations to determine whether completely the injurious effect of imports increased imports of an article produced of the merchandise. in a Communist country are causing The Commission conducts market disruption in the United States investigations to determine whether (19 U.S.C. 2436). If the Commission’s changed circumstances exist that determination is in the affirmative, the indicate that an industry in the United President may take the same action as in States would not be threatened with the case of serious injury to an industry, material injury, or the establishment of except that the action would apply only such an industry would not be materially to imports of the article from the retarded, if the countervailing duty order UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION 703 or antidumping order resulting from determinations that could result in the affirmative final determinations by the withholding of an exclusion or cease- Commission and Secretary of Commerce and-desist order. ITC remedial orders in were modified or revoked. section 337 cases are effective when Import Interference With Agricultural issued and become final 60 days after Programs The Commission conducts issuance unless disapproved for policy investigations at the direction of the reasons by the President within that 60- President to determine whether any day period. Commission determinations articles are being or are practically of violation are subject to court review. certain to be imported into the United Uniform Statistical Data The States under such conditions and in such Commission, in cooperation with the quantities as to render or tend to render Secretary of the Treasury and the ineffective, or to materially interfere Secretary of Commerce, establishes for with, programs of the Department of statistical purposes an enumeration of Agriculture for agricultural commodities articles imported into the United States or products thereof, or to reduce and exported from the United States, and substantially the amount of any product seeks to establish comparability of such processed in the United States from such statistics with statistical programs for commodities or products, and makes domestic production (19 U.S.C. 1484). findings and recommendations (7 U.S.C. In conjunction with such activities, the 624). The President may restrict the three agencies are to develop concepts imports in question by imposition of for an international commodity code for either import fees or quotas. Such fees or reporting transactions in international quotas may be applied only against trade and to report thereon to the Congress (19 U.S.C. 1484). countries that are not members of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the World Trade Organization. United States, Annotated The Unfair Practices in Import Trade The Commission issues a publication Commission applies U.S. statutory and containing the U.S. tariff schedules and common law of unfair competition to related matters and considers questions the importation of products into the concerning the arrangement of such United States and their sale (19 U.S.C. schedules and the classification of 1337). The statute declares unlawful articles (19 U.S.C. note prec. 1202, unfair methods of competition and unfair 1484). acts in the importation or sale of International Trade Studies The products in the United States, the threat Commission conducts studies, or effect of which is to destroy or investigations, and research projects on a substantially injure a domestic industry, broad range of topics relating to prevent the establishment of such an international trade, pursuant to requests industry, or restrain or monopolize trade of the President, the House Ways and and commerce in the United States. The Means Committee, the Senate Finance statute also declares as unlawful per se Committee, either branch of the infringement of a valid and enforceable Congress, or on its own motion (19 U.S. patent, copyright, registered U.S.C. 1332). Public reports of these trademark, or maskwork; no resulting studies, investigations, and research injury need be found. If the Commission projects are issued in most cases. determines that there is a violation of the The Commission also keeps informed statute, it is to direct that the articles of the operation and effect of provisions involved be excluded from entry into the relating to duties or other import United States, or it may issue cease-and- restrictions of the United States desist orders directing the person contained in various trade agreements engaged in such violation to cease and (19 U.S.C. 2482). Occasionally the desist from engaging in such unfair Commission is required by statute to methods or acts. perform specific trade-related studies. Provision is made for the Commission Industry and Trade Summaries The to make certain public interest Commission prepares and publishes, 704 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL from time to time, a series of summaries available for electronic access. Internet, of trade and tariff information (19 U.S.C. http://www.usitc.gov/. File transfer 1332). These summaries contain protocol, ftp://ftp.usitc.gov/. descriptions (in terms of the Harmonized Employment Information on Tariff Schedule of the United States) of employment can be obtained from the the thousands of products imported into Director, Office of Personnel. The the United States, methods of agency employs international production, and the extent and relative economists, attorneys, accountants, importance of U.S. consumption, commodity and industry specialists and production, and trade, together with analysts, and clerical and other support certain basic factors affecting the competitive position and economic personnel. Phone, 202–205–2651. health of domestic industries. Publications The Commission publishes results of investigations concerning Sources of Information various commodities and subjects. Other publications include Industry and Trade Inquiries should be directed to the Summaries, an annual report to the specific organizational unit or to the Congress on the operation of the trade Secretary, United States International Trade Commission, 500 E Street SW., agreements program; and an annual Washington, DC 20436. Phone, 202– report to the Congress of Commission 205–2000. activities. Specific information regarding Contracts The Chief, Procurement these publications can be obtained from Division, has responsibility for contract the Office of the Secretary. matters. Phone, 202–205–2730. Reading Rooms Reading rooms are Electronic Access Commission open to the public in the Office of the publications, news releases, Federal Secretary and in the ITC National Library Register notices, scheduling information, of International Trade and the ITC law and general information about ITC are library.

For further information, contact the Secretary, United States International Trade Commission, 500 E Street SW., Washington, DC 20436. Phone, 202–205–2000. Internet, http://www.usitc.gov/.

UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE 475 L’Enfant Plaza SW., Washington, DC 20260–0010 Phone, 202–268–2000

Board of Governors: Chairman of the Board TIRSO DEL JUNCO, M.D. Vice Chairman of the Board SAM WINTERS Secretary of the Board THOMAS J. KOERBER Inspector General KARLA WOLFE CORCORAN Governors SUSAN E. ALVARADO, LEGREE S. DANIELS, EINAR V. DYHRKOPP, S. DAVID FINEMAN, BERT H. MACKIE, NED R. MCWHERTER,R OBERT F. RIDER Postmaster General and Chief Executive MARVIN RUNYON Officer Deputy Postmaster General MICHAEL S. COUGHLIN UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE 705

Management: Postmaster General and Chief Executive MARVIN RUNYON Officer Deputy Postmaster General MICHAEL S. COUGHLIN Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice WILLIAM J. HENDERSON President Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice MICHAEL J. RILEY President Chief Marketing Officer and Senior Vice ALLEN R. KANE President Senior Vice President and General Counsel MARY S. ELCANO Senior Vice President, Corporate and LARRY M. SPEAKES Legislative Affairs Vice President and Consumer Advocate (VACANCY) Vice President, Controller M. RICHARD PORRAS Vice President, Core Business Marketing ROBERT KRAUSE Vice President, Customer Relations JOHN R. WARGO Vice President, Diversity Development ROBERT F. HARRIS Vice President, Engineering WILLIAM J. DOWLING Vice President, Facilities RUDOLPH K. UMSCHEID Vice President, Human Resources YVONNE D. MAGUIRE Vice President, Information Systems RICHARD D. WEIRICH Vice President, International Business JAMES F. GRUBIAK Vice President, Labor Relations JOSEPH J. MAHON, JR. Vice President, Legislative Affairs (VACANCY) Vice President, Marketing Systems JOHN H. WARD Vice President, Operations Redesign (VACANCY) Vice President, Operations Support NICHOLAS F. BARRANCA Vice President, Purchasing and Materials A. KEITH STRANGE Vice President, Quality NORMAN E. LORENTZ Vice President, Retail PATRICIA M. GIBERT Vice President, Strategic Initiatives DARRAH PORTER Vice President, Strategic Planning ROBERT A.F. REISNER Vice President, Tactical Marketing and Sales GAIL G. SONNENBERG Development Vice President, Workforce, Planning and JAMES C. WALTON Service Management Judicial Officer JAMES A. COHEN Chief Postal Inspector KENNETH J. HUNTER Deputy Chief Inspector, Administration JAMES K. BELZ Deputy Chief Inspector, Audit ALAN B. KIEL Deputy Chief Inspector, Criminal MICHAEL BOSWELL Investigations Area Operations: Vice President, Allegheny Area CLARENCE E. LEWIS, JR. Vice President, Great Lakes Area J.T. WEEKER Vice President, Mid-Atlantic Area HENRY A. PANKEY Vice President, Mid-West Area WILLIAM J. BROWN Vice President, New York Metro Area JOHN F. KELLY Vice President, Northeast Area JON STEELE Vice President, Pacific Area GENE R. HOWARD Vice President, Southeast Area DAVID C. BAKKE 706 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Vice President, Southwest Area CHARLES K. KERNAN Vice President, Western Area CRAIG G. WADE [For the United States Postal Service statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 39, Parts 221–226]

The United States Postal Service provides mail processing and delivery services to individuals and businesses within the United States. The Service is committed to serving customers through the development of efficient mail-handling systems and operates its own planning and engineering programs. It is also the responsibility of the Postal Service to protect the mails from loss or theft and to apprehend those who violate postal laws.

The Postal Service was created as an mail customer in matters involving the independent establishment of the Postal Service by bringing complaints executive branch by the Postal and suggestions to the attention of top Reorganization Act (39 U.S.C. 101 et postal management and solving the seq.), approved August 12, 1970. The problems of individual customers. To United States Postal Service commenced provide postal services responsive to operations on July 1, 1971. public needs, the Postal Service operates The Postal Service has approximately its own planning, research, engineering, 761,000 employees and handles about real estate, and procurement programs 183 billion pieces of mail annually. The specially adapted to postal requirements, chief executive officer of the Postal and maintains close ties with Service, the Postmaster General, is international postal organizations. appointed by the nine Governors of the The Postal Service is the only Federal Postal Service, who are appointed by the agency whose employment policies are President with the advice and consent of governed by a process of collective the Senate for overlapping 9-year terms. bargaining under the National Labor The Governors and the Postmaster Relations Act. Labor contract General appoint the Deputy Postmaster negotiations, affecting all bargaining unit General, and these 11 people constitute personnel, as well as personnel matters the Board of Governors. involving employees not covered by In addition to the national collective bargaining agreements, are headquarters, there are area and district administered by Labor Relations or offices supervising approximately 38,000 Human Resources. post offices, branches, stations, and The United States Postal Inspection community post offices throughout the Service is the Federal law enforcement United States. agency which has jurisdiction in criminal matters affecting the integrity Activities and security of the mail. Postal In order to expand and improve service Inspectors enforce more than 100 to the public, the Postal Service is Federal statutes involving mail fraud, engaged in customer cooperation mail bombs, child pornography, illegal activities, including the development of drugs, mail theft, and other postal programs for both the general public and crimes, as well as being responsible for major customers. The Consumer the protection of all postal employees. Advocate, a postal ombudsman, Inspectors also audit postal contracts and represents the interest of the individual financial accounts. UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE 707 AND LABOR HUMAN AFFAIRS QUALITY MATERIALS RELATIONS LEGISLATIVE LEGISLATIVE RESOURCES PURCHASING VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT AFFAIRS SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT CORPORATE AND DEPUTY GENERAL POSTMASTER OFFICER JUDICIAL SYSTEMS PLANNING DIVERSITY FACILITIES ADVOCATE STRATEGIC CONSUMER INFORMATION DEVELOPMENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT SENIOR FINANCE CONTROLLER VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT RETAIL SENIOR SYSTEMS AND SALES RELATIONS CUSTOMER MARKETING MARKETING MARKETING DEVELOPMENT CORE BUSINESS VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT TACTICAL MARKETING OFFICER GENERAL POSTMASTER CHIEF EXECUTIVE SENIOR GENERAL COUNSEL VICE PRESIDENT UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE POSTAL UNITED STATES CHIEF SERVICE SUPPORT BUSINESS REDESIGN STRATEGIC INITIATIVES INSPECTOR OPERATIONS ENGINEERING OPERATIONS WORKFORCE MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND INTERNATIONAL VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT AREA AREA AREA AREA AREA OFFICER PACIFIC PRESIDENT WESTERN MID-WEST SOUTHWEST GREAT LAKES EXECUTIVE VICE CHIEF OPERATING VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT AREA AREA AREA AREA AREA SOUTHEAST NORTHEAST ALLEGHENY MID-ATLANTIC VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT NEW YORK METRO 708 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Postal Inspection ServiceÐUnited States Postal Service

Division Office Address Telephone

Atlanta, GA ...... P.O. Box 16489, 30321±0489 ...... 404±608±4500 Boston, MA ...... 7th Fl., 425 Summer St., 02210±1736 ...... 617±464±8000 Buffalo, NY ...... 1200 Main Place Twr., 14202±3796 ...... 716±853±5300 Charlotte, NC ...... 2901 I±85 South, 28228±3000 ...... 704±329±9120 Chicago, IL ...... Rm. 50190, 433 W. Harrison St., 60669±2201 ...... 312±983±7900 Cincinnati, OH ...... Suite 400, 895 Central Ave., 45202±5748 ...... 513±684±8000 Cleveland, OH ...... P.O. Box 5726, 44101±0726 ...... 216±443±4000 Denver, CO ...... Suite 900, 1745 Stout St., 80202±3034 ...... 303±313±5320 Detroit, MI ...... P.O. Box 330119, 48232±6119 ...... 313±226±8184 Fort Worth, TX ...... P.O. Box 162929, 76161±2929 ...... 817±625±3400 Houston, TX ...... P.O. Box 1276, 77251±1276 ...... 713±238±4400 Kansas City, MO ...... Suite 850, 3101 Broadway, 64111±2416 ...... 816±932±0400 Los Angeles, CA ...... P.O. Box 2000, Pasadena, 91102±2000 ...... 818±405±1200 Memphis, TN ...... P.O. Box 3180, 38173±0180 ...... 901±576±2077 Miami, FL ...... 6th Fl., 3400 Lakeside Dr., Miramar, 33027±3242 ...... 954±436±7200 Newark, NJ ...... P.O. Box 509, 07101±0509 ...... 201±693±5400 New York, NY ...... P.O. Box 555, 10116±0555 ...... 212±330±3844 Philadelphia, PA ...... P.O. Box 7500, 19101±9000 ...... 215±895±8450 Phoenix, AZ ...... P.O. Box 20666, 85036±0666 ...... 602±223±3660 Pittsburgh, PA ...... Rm. 2101, 1001 California Ave., 15290±9000 ...... 412±359±7900 Richmond, VA ...... P.O. Box 25009, 23260±5009 ...... 804±418±6100 St. Louis, MO ...... 1106 Walnut St., 63199±2201 ...... 314±539±9300 St. Paul, MN ...... P.O. Box 64558, 55164±0558 ...... 612±293±3200 San Francisco, CA ...... P.O. Box 882528, 94188±2528 ...... 415±778±5800 San Juan, PR ...... P.O. Box 363667, 00936±3667 ...... 787±749±7600 Seattle, WA ...... P.O. Box 400, 98111±4000 ...... 206±442±6300 Tampa, FL ...... P.O. Box 22526, 33622±2526 ...... 813±281±5200 Washington, DC ...... P.O. Box 96096, 20066±6096 ...... 202±636±2300

Sources of Information Films Contact Corporate Relations for films available for loan to the public. Inquiries on the following information Phone, 202–268–2189. should be directed to the specified Philatelic Information Contact Stamp office, U.S. Postal Service, 475 L’Enfant Services. Phone, 202–268–2562. Plaza SW., Washington, DC 20260. Philatelic Sales Contact the Philatelic Consumer Information Contact the Fulfillment Service Center, Kansas City, Consumer Advocate. Phone, 202–268– MO 64179–1009. Phone, 800–782– 2284. Information on past and present 6724 (800–STAMP–24). schemes used to defraud the public is Publications Pamphlets on mailability, available through Congressional and postage rates and fees, and many other Public Affairs, Postal Inspection Service. topics may be obtained free of charge Phone, 202–268–4293. from the nearest post office. Contracts and Small Business Activities Contact Purchasing. Phone, 202–268– Most postal regulations are contained 4633. in Postal Service manuals covering Employment General information about domestic mail, international mail, postal jobs such as clerk, letter carrier, etc., operations, administrative support, including information about programs for employee and labor relations, financial veterans, may be obtained by contacting management, and procurement. These the nearest post office. manuals and other publications Individuals interested in working at the including the National Five-Digit ZIP Postal Headquarters in Washington, DC, Code and Post Office Directory may obtain information by calling 800– (Publication 65) may be purchased from 562–8777 (800–JOB–USPS). the Superintendent of Documents, Information about Inspection Service Government Printing Office, employment may be obtained from the Washington, DC 20402–0001. The Chief Postal Inspector. Phone, 202–268– National Five-Digit ZIP Code and Post 4267. UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE 709

Office Directory is also available through Reading Rooms Located on 11th Floor local post offices. North, Library. Phone, 202–268–2900.

For further information, contact the U.S. Postal Service, 475 L’Enfant Plaza SW., Washington, DC 20260. Phone, 202–268–2000.

Boards, Commissions, and Committees

Note: This is a listing of Federal boards, centers, commissions, councils, panels, study groups, task forces, etc., not listed elsewhere in the Manual, which were established by congressional or Presidential action, whose functions are not strictly limited to the internal operations of a parent department or agency, and which are authorized to publish documents in the Federal Register. While the editors have attempted to compile a complete and accurate listing, suggestions for improving coverage of this guide are welcome. Please address your comments to the Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408. Phone, 202–523–5230. Federal advisory committees, as defined by the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. app.), have not been included here. A complete listing of these committees can be found in the Annual Report of the President on Federal Advisory Committees. For further information on Federal advisory committees and this report, contact the Committee Management Secretariat, General Services Administration, General Services Building (MC), Room 5228, Washington, DC 20405. Phone, 202– 273–3556.

Administrative Committee of the Architectural and Transportation Federal Register Barriers Compliance Board 1 National Archives and Records Suite 1000, 1331 F Street NW., Administration, Washington, DC 20408. Washington, DC 20004–1111. Phone, Phone, 202–523–4534. 202–272–5434. Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Arctic Research Commission Room 809, 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue Suite 630, 4350 North Fairfax Drive, NW., Washington, DC 20004. Phone, Arlington, VA 22203. Phone, 703–525– 202–606–8503. 0111.

American Battle Monuments Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Commission Interagency Coordinating Committee Suite 5119, 20 Massachusetts Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20314–0001. National Institutes of Health, Building Phone, 202–761–0533. 31, Room 4C32, Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone, 301–496–8188. Appalachian Regional Commission 1666 Connecticut Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20235. Phone, 202– 884–7799. 1 Also known as the Access Board. 711 712 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship and Endangered Species Committee 1 Excellence in Education Foundation Department of the Interior, Room 4429, Suite 315, 6225 Brandon Avenue, 1849 C Street NW., Washington, DC Springfield, VA 22150–2519. Phone, 20240. Phone, 202–208–4077. 703–756–6012. Export Administration Review Board Citizens’ Stamp Advisory Committee Room 2639, Herbert C. Hoover United States Postal Service, Room Building, Fourteenth Street and 4474–E, 475 L’Enfant Plaza SW., Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, Washington, DC 20260–2437. Phone, DC 20230. Phone, 202–482–5863. 202–268–6338. Federal Financial Institutions Commission of Fine Arts Examination Council Suite 312, 441 F Street NW., Suite 200, 2100 Pennsylvania Avenue Washington, DC 20001. Phone, 202– NW., Washington, DC 20037. 504–2200. Federal Financing Bank Committee on Foreign Investment in the Room 3054, Main Treasury Building, United States 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Room 5100, Main Treasury Building, Washington, DC 20220. Phone, 202– 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., 622–2470. Washington, DC 20220. Phone, 202– 622–1860. Federal Interagency Committee on Education Committee for the Implementation of Department of Education, Federal Office Textile Agreements Building 10, Room 3236, 600 Department of Commerce, Room 3001A, Independence Avenue SW., Washington, Fourteenth Street and Constitution DC 20202–3600. Phone, 202–401– Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20230. 3679. Phone, 202–482–3737. Federal Laboratory Consortium for Committee for Purchase From People Technology Transfer Who Are Blind or Severely Disabled Suite 800, 1850 M Street NW., Suite 403, 1735 Jefferson Davis Washington, DC 20036. Phone, 202– Highway, Arlington, VA 22202–3461. 331–4220. Phone, 703–603–7740. Federal Library and Information Center Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice Committee and Delinquency Prevention Library of Congress, Washington, DC Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile 20540–5100. Phone, 202–707–4800. Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Suite 706, 633 Indiana Avenue NW., Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial Washington, DC 20531. Phone, 202– Commission 307–5911. 632 Dirksen Senate Building, Washington, DC 20510. Phone, 202– Delaware River Basin Commission 228–2491. Office of the United States Commissioner: Suite 100, 1010 Harry S. Truman Scholarship Massachusetts Avenue NW., Foundation Washington, DC 20001. Phone, 202– 712 Jackson Place NW., Washington, 343–5761. DC 20006. Phone, 202–395–4831. Office of the Executive Director: P.O. Box 7360, West Trenton, NJ 08628. 1 The Committee accepts applications for Phone, 609–883–9500. Endangered Species Act exemptions. GUIDE TO BOARDS, COMMISSIONS, AND COMMITTEES 713

Illinois and Michigan Canal National Migratory Bird Conservation Heritage Corridor Commission Commission 15701 South Independence Boulevard, 1849 C Street NW., 622 ARLSQ, Lockport, IL 60441. Phone, 815–740– Washington, DC 20240. Phone, 703– 2047. 358–1716. Indian Arts and Crafts Board Mississippi River Commission United States Army Corps of Engineers, Department of the Interior, Room 4004– Mississippi Valley Division, 1400 Walnut MIB, 1849 C Street NW., Washington, Street, P.O. Box 80, Vicksburg, MS DC 20240. Phone, 202–208–3773. 39180. Phone, 601–634–5757. Interagency Committee on Employment National Commission on Libraries and of People with Disabilities Information Science Equal Employment Opportunity Suite 820, 1110 Vermont Avenue NW., Commission, Federal Sector Programs, Washington, DC 20005. Phone, 202– Room 5238, 1801 L Street NW., 606–9200. Washington, DC 20507. Phone, 202– 663–4560. TDD, 202–663–4593. National Council on Disability Suite 1050, 1331 F Street NW., Interagency Savings Bonds Committee Washington, DC 20004. Phone, 202– Office of the Committee Chair, 272–2004. TDD, 202–272–2074. Washington, DC 20226. Phone, 202– 219–3472. National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Suite 156, 2100 M Street NW., Board Washington, DC 20037. Phone, 202– United States Information Agency, Room 653–5665. 247, 301 Fourth Street SW., Washington, DC 20547. Phone, 202–619–4290. National Park Foundation Suite 1102, 1101 Seventeenth Street James Madison Memorial Fellowship NW., Washington, DC 20036–4704. Foundation Phone, 202–785–4500. Suite 303, 2000 K Street NW., Navajo and Hopi Relocation Washington, DC 20006–1809. Phone, Commission 202–653–8700. Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Japan-United States Friendship Relocation, P.O. Box KK, Flagstaff, AZ Commission 86002. Phone, 520–779–2721. Room 925, 1120 Vermont Avenue NW., Northwest Power Planning Council Washington, DC 20005. Phone, 202– Suite 1100, 851 Southwest Sixth Avenue, 275–7712. Portland, OR 97218. Phone, 503–222– Joint Board for the Enrollment of 5161. Actuaries Permanent Committee for the Oliver Department of the Treasury, Internal Wendell Holmes Devise Revenue Service, 1111 Constitution Library of Congress, Manuscript Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20224. Division, Washington, DC 20540. Phone, 202–401–4091. Phone, 202–707–5383. Marine Mammal Commission Physician Payment Review Commission Room 905, 4340 East-West Highway, Suite 200, 2120 L Street NW., Bethesda, MD 20814. Phone, 301–504– Washington, DC 20037. Phone, 202– 0087. 653–7220. 714 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

President’s Committee on Employment Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight of People With Disabilities Board Suite 300, 1331 F Street NW., Department of the Treasury, Room Washington, DC 20004–1107. Phone, 1212MT, 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20220. Phone, 202–376–6200. TDD, 202–376–6205. 202–622–0462. President’s Council on Integrity and Trade Policy Committee Efficiency Office of Policy Coordination, Room Office of Management and Budget, New 501, 600 Seventeenth Street NW., Executive Office Building, Room 6025, Washington, DC 20508. Phone, 202– Washington, DC 20503. Phone, 202– 395–3475. 395–6911. United States Holocaust Memorial President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Museum Board 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place SW., Washington, DC 20024. Phone, 202– Room 340, Old Executive Office 488–0400. Building, Washington, DC 20502. Phone, 202–456–2352. United States Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board Prospective Payment Assessment Suite 1300, 2300 Clarendon Boulevard, Commission Arlington, VA 22201. Phone, 703–235– Suite 301, 300 Seventh Street SW., 4473. Washington, DC 20024. Phone, 202– 401–8986. Veterans Day National Committee Department of Veterans Affairs (80D), Susquehanna River Basin Commission 810 Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20420. Phone, 202–273–5735. 1721 North Front Street, Harrisburg, PA 17102–2391. Phone, 717–238–0422. White House Commission on Presidential Scholars Textile Trade Policy Group Department of Education, Room 3267, Room 300, 600 Seventeenth Street NW., 600 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20508. Phone, 202– Washington, DC 20202–3521. Phone, 395–3026. 202–401–0961. QUASI–OFFICIAL AGENCIES

Note: This section contains organizations that are not Executive agencies under the definition in 5 U.S.C. 105 but that are required by statute to publish certain information on their programs and activities in the Federal Register.

LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION 750 First Street NE., Washington, DC 20002–4250 Phone, 202–336–8800. Fax, 202-336-8959.

President MARTHA BERGMARK General Counsel and Corporate Secretary VICTOR M. FORTUNO Comptroller/Treasurer DAVID RICHARDSON Director, Office of Program Operations JOHN TULL Inspector General EDOUARD QUATREVAUX Director, Communications ROBERT ECHOLS Director, Government Relations GAIL LASTER [For the Legal Services Corporation statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 45, Part 1601]

The Legal Services Corporation provides quality legal assistance for noncriminal proceedings to those who would otherwise be unable to afford such assistance.

The Legal Services Corporation is a President of the Corporation, appointed private, nonprofit organization by the Board of Directors, is the chief established by the Legal Services executive officer and serves as an ex Corporation Act of 1974, as amended officio Board member. (42 U.S.C. 2996), to provide financial The Corporation provides financial support for legal assistance in assistance to qualified programs noncriminal proceedings to persons furnishing legal assistance to eligible financially unable to afford legal clients and makes grants to and contracts services. with individuals, firms, corporations, and The Corporation is governed by an 11- organizations for the purpose of member Board of Directors, appointed providing legal assistance to these by the President with the advice and clients. consent of the Senate. Each member The Corporation establishes maximum serves for a term of 3 years, except that income levels for clients based on family five of the members first appointed—as size, urban and rural differences, and designated by the President at the time cost-of-living variations. Using these of appointment—serve 2-year terms. The maximum income levels and other 715 716 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL financial factors, the Corporation’s priorities of service based on an recipient programs establish criteria to appraisal of the legal needs of the determine the eligibility of clients and eligible client community.

For further information, contact the Office of Communications, Legal Services Corporation, 750 First Street NE., Washington, DC 20002–4250. Phone, 202–336–8800. Fax, 202-336-8959.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 1000 Jefferson Drive SW., Washington, DC 20560 Phone, 202–357–1300; or 202–357–2700 (Smithsonian Information Center)

Board of Regents: The Chief Justice of the United States WILLIAM H. REHNQUIST (Chancellor) The Vice President of the United States AL GORE Members of the Senate THAD COCHRAN, WILLIAM FRIST,D ANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN Members of the House of Representatives SAMUEL JOHNSON, ROBERT LIVINGSTON, ESTEBAN E. TORRES Citizen Members HOWARD H. BAKER, JR., BARBER B. CONABLE, LOUIS V. GERSTNER, JR., HANNA HOLBORN GRAY,A NNE D’HARNONCOURT, MANUEL L. IBAN˜ EZ, HOMER A. NEAL,F RANK A. SHRONTZ,W ESLEY SAMUEL WILLIAMS, JR. Officials: The Secretary I. MICHAEL HEYMAN The Inspector General THOMAS D. BLAIR Director, Office of Planning, Management L. CAROLE WHARTON and Budget Counselor to the Secretary for Biodiversity THOMAS E. LOVEJOY and Environmental Affairs Counselor to the Secretary for Electronic MARC PACHTER Communications and Special Projects Counselor to the Secretary for Community MIGUEL BRETOS Affairs and Special Projects Executive Assistant to the Secretary JAMES M. HOBBINS Executive Secretary to the Secretary BARBARA CEDERBORG Under Secretary CONSTANCE NEWMAN General Counsel JOHN E. HUERTA Director, Office of Government Relations M. JOHN BERRY Director, Office of Communications DAVID J. UMANSKY Director, Office of Information Technology VINCENT MARCALUS Senior Information Officer ARTHUR LEE DENNY Senior Business Officer ROLAND BANSCHER, Acting Ombudsman CHANDRA HEILMAN Director, Office of Membership and MARIE MATTSON Development QUASI–OFFICIAL AGENCIES 717

Director, Office of Special Events and NICOLE L. KRAKORA Conference Services Chief Financial Officer RICK JOHNSON Director, Office of Sponsored Projects ARDELLE FOSS Director, Office of Equal Employment and ERA MARSHALL Minority Affairs Director, Office of Human Resources CAROLYN JONES Director, Office of Printing and Photographic JAMES H. WALLACE, JR. Services Director, Office of Contracting and Property JOHN W. COBERT Management Director, Office of Physical Plant PATRICK J. MILLER Director, Office of Protection Services DAVID F. MORRELL Director, Office of Environmental WILLIAM F. BILLINGSLEY Management and Safety Treasurer SUDEEP ANAND Comptroller M. LESLIE CASSON Provost J. DENNIS O’CONNOR Director, Anacostia Museum STEVEN NEWSOME Director, Archives of American Art RICHARD WATTENMAKER Director, Cooper-Hewitt, National Design DIANNE PILGRIM Museum Director, Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. MILO C. BEACH Sackler Gallery Director, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture JAMES T. DEMETRION Garden Director, National Air and Space Museum DONALD D. ENGEN Director, National Museum of African Art ROSLYN A. WALKER Director, National Museum of American Art ELIZABETH BROUN Curator in Charge, Renwick Gallery KENNETH R. TRAPP Director, National Museum of American SPENCER CREW History Director, National Museum of the American W. RICHARD WEST, JR. Indian Director, National Campaign for NMAI JOHN L. COLONGHI Director, National Museum of Natural ROBERT W. FRI History Director, National Portrait Gallery ALAN M. FERN Director, National Postal Museum JAMES BRUNS Director, National Zoological Park MICHAEL ROBINSON Director, Office of Exhibits Central MICHAEL HEADLEY Director, Center for Museum Studies REX ELLIS Director, Smithsonian Institution Traveling ANNA R. COHN Exhibition Service Director, Institutional Studies Office ZAHAVA DOERING Editor, Joseph Henry Papers Project MARC ROTHENBERG Director, Office of Fellowships and Grants ROBERTA RUBINOFF Director, Smithsonian Environmental DAVID L. CORRELL Research Center Director, Smithsonian Astrophysical IRWIN I. SHAPIRO Observatory Director, Smithsonian Tropical Research IRA RUBINOFF Institute Director, Conservation Analytical Laboratory LAMBERTUS VAN ZELST Director, Smithsonian Institution Libraries BARBARA SMITH 718 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Director, Museum Support Center U. VINCENT WILCOX III Director, Smithsonian Institution Archives ETHEL W. HEDLIN Director, Smithsonian Office of Education ANN BAY Director, Center for Folklife Programs and RICHARD KURIN Cultural Studies Director, National Science Resources Center DOUGLAS LAPP Director, Wider Audience Development MARSHALL WONG Program Director, Office of International Center FRANCINE BERKOWITZ Director, Smithsonian Press/Smithsonian DANIEL GOODWIN Productions Editor, Smithsonian Magazine DON MOSER Publisher, Smithsonian Magazine RONALD WALKER Director, The Smithsonian Associates MARA MAYOR The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts 1 Chairman JAMES A. JOHNSON President LAWRENCE J. WILKER National Gallery of Art 1 President ROBERT H. SMITH Director EARL A. POWELL III Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 1 Director CHARLES BLITZER Deputy Director SAMUEL WELLS Deputy Director for Planning and DEAN W. ANDERSON Management Chairman, Board of Trustees JOSEPH H. FLOM

One hundred fifty years old, the Smithsonian Institution is an independent trust instrumentality of the United States that fosters the increase and diffusion of knowledge. The world’s largest museum complex, the Smithsonian includes 16 museums and galleries, the National Zoo, and research facilities in several States and the Republic of Panama. The Smithsonian holds more than 140 million artifacts and specimens in its trust for the American people. The Institution, a respected center for research, is dedicated to public education, national service, and scholarship in the arts, sciences, and history.

The Smithsonian Institution was created In September 1838, Smithson’s legacy, by act of August 10, 1846 (20 U.S.C. 41 which amounted to more than 100,000 et seq.), to carry out the terms of the will gold sovereigns, was delivered to the of British scientist James Smithson, who mint at Philadelphia. Congress vested in 1826 had bequeathed his entire estate responsibility for administering the trust to the United States ‘‘to found at in the Smithsonian Board of Regents, Washington, under the name of the composed of the Chief Justice, the Vice Smithsonian Institution, an establishment President, three Members of the Senate, for the increase and diffusion of three Members of the House of knowledge among men.’’ On July 1, Representatives, and nine citizen 1836, Congress accepted the legacy and members appointed by joint resolution pledged the faith of the United States to of Congress. the charitable trust.

1 Administered under a separate Board of Trustees. QUASI–OFFICIAL AGENCIES 719

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

BOARD OF REGENTS

THE SECRETARY UNDER SEPARATE BOARDS OF TRUSTEES: JOHN F. KENNEDY CENTER FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS PLANNING, NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART INSPECTOR GENERAL SECRETARIAT MANAGEMENT, WOODROW WILSON AND BUDGET INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS

THE UNDER THE SECRETARY PROVOST

COMMUNICATIONS GENERAL GOVERNMENT —PUBLIC AFFAIRS COUNSEL RELATIONS —VISITOR INFORMATION AND ASSOCIATES ÊÊRECEPTION CENTER

OPERATIONS BUSINESS INSTITUTIONAL MUSEUMS AND RESEARCH EDUCATION, MUSEUM, DIRECTORATE ADVANCEMENT ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊADVANCEMENT INSTITUTES AND SCHOLARLY DIRECTORATE ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊDIRECTORATE SERVICES FINANCE

COMPTROLLER SMITHSONIAN MAGAZINE MEMBERSHIP AND DEVELOPMENTANACOSTIA MUSEUM CENTER FOR MUSEUM STUDIES CONTRACTING AND PROPERTY MANAGEMENT ARCHIVES OF AMERICAN ART SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES ARTHUR M. SACKLER GALLERY/ FREER GALLERY OF ART SPECIAL EVENTS AND CONFERENCE SERVICES EXHIBITS CENTRAL RISK AND ASSET MANAGEMENT FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS SMITHSONIAN BUSINESSES CENTER FOR FOLKLIFE PROGRAMSINTERNATIONAL AND CULTURAL RELATIONS STUDIES SPONSORED PROJECTS NATIONAL SCIENCE RESOURCES CENTER —RETAIL ADMINISTRATION —CONCESSIONS CONSERVATION ANALYTICAL LABORATORYSMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION ARCHIVES EQUAL EMPLOYMENT AND MINORITY—PRODUCT AFFAIRS DEVELOPMENT AND LICENSING COOPER-HEWITT, NATIONAL DESIGNSMITHSONIAN MUSEUM INSTITUTION LIBRARIES HUMAN RESOURCES —SMITHSONIAN PRESS/PRODUCTIONS OMBUDSMAN HIRSHHORN MUSEUM AND SCULPTURESMITHSONIAN GARDEN INSTITUTION TRAVELING EXHIBITION SERVICE FACILITIES NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY SMITHSONIAN OFFICE OF EDUCATION NATIONAL MUSEUM OF AFRICAN ART

PHYSICAL PLANT NATIONAL MUSEUM OF AMERICANOTHER ART SUPPORT —RENWICK SERVICES: GALLERY PROTECTION SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY PROGRAM INSTITUTIONAL STUDIES ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ INFORMATION NATIONAL MUSEUM OF AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC DIVING PROGRAM ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ TECHNOLOGY HISTORY IMAGING, PRINTING, AND PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICES —NATIONAL POSTAL MUSEUM NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

—MUSEUM SUPPORT CENTER NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY

SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER

SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE 720 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

To carry out Smithson’s mandate, the museums, and art societies. These papers Institution: consist of manuscripts, letters, —performs research; notebooks, sketchbooks, business —publishes the results of studies, records, clippings, exhibition catalogs, explorations, and investigations; tape-recorded interviews, and —preserves for study and reference photographs of artists and their work. more than 140 million objects, works of art, and scientific specimens; The Archives’ chief processing and —maintains exhibits representative of reference center is in the historic Old the arts, the sciences, and American Patent Office Building in Washington, history and culture; and DC. The Archives has regional centers in —engages in programs of education California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and and national and international New York. cooperative research supported by its trust endowments; gifts, grants, and For further information, contact the Archives of contracts; and funds appropriated to it American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, by Congress. DC 20560. Phone, 202–357–2781. Conservation Analytical Laboratory Activities The Laboratory is a Smithsonian research Anacostia Museum The Museum, institute with a focus on the located in the historic Fort Stanton preservation, conservation, and technical neighborhood of southeast Washington, study and analysis of collection is undergoing renovations this year. It materials, with a special emphasis on serves as a national resource for materials in the national collections. Its exhibitions, scholarly and applied researchers investigate the chemical and research, historical documentation, and physical processes that are involved in interpretive and educational programs the deterioration of museum objects and relating to African-American history and specimens, and attempt to formulate culture. The African-American church, conditions and procedures for storage, the Harlem Renaissance, and the art and exhibit, and stabilization that optimize activism of artist/educator Georgette the preservation of these materials. In Powell have been the subjects of interdisciplinary collaborations with exhibitions produced by the Museum. archaeologists, anthropologists, and art Administratively connected to the historians, natural and physical scientists Anacostia Museum, the Smithsonian’s study and analyze objects from the Center for African American History and collections and related materials to Culture mounts exhibitions such as ‘‘Jazz expand our knowledge and Age in Paris,’’ a SITES exhibition that premiered at the Center; sponsors public understanding of their historical and programs; and collects material scientific context. Many of the research representative of the black experience in projects involve close collaboration with performing arts, literature, and fine arts. outside scholars and other Government and academic laboratories. The For further information, contact the Anacostia Laboratory also provides active Museum, 1901 Fort Place SE., Washington, DC 20020. Phone, 202–357–2700. analytical and technical support to conservation and curation efforts in the Archives of American Art The Archives various museums within and contains the Nation’s largest collection occasionally outside the Smithsonian. of documentary materials reflecting the The Laboratory’s education program history of visual arts in the United States. On the subject of art in America, it is the offers a wide range of training largest archives in the world, holding opportunities, within the areas of its more than 13 million documents. The specialty, to professionals in Archives gathers, preserves, and conservation and related museum microfilms the papers of artists, disciplines. Its outreach program craftsmen, collectors, dealers, critics, includes students at institutes of QUASI–OFFICIAL AGENCIES 721 secondary and higher education and the the collection and present lectures in general public. their fields of specialization.

For further information, contact the Conservation For further information, contact the Freer Gallery Analytical Laboratory, Museum Support Center, of Art, Jefferson Drive at Twelfth Street SW., 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, MD 20560. Phone, Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202–357–2700. 301–238–3700. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Garden The Museum houses major Museum The Museum, located in New collections of modern and contemporary York City, is the only museum in the art. The nucleus of the collection is the country devoted exclusively to historical gift and bequest of more than 13,000 and contemporary design. Collections works of art for the people of the United include nearly 250,000 objects in such States from Joseph H. Hirshhorn (1899– areas as applied arts and industrial 1981). design, drawings and prints, Supplementing the permanent wallcoverings, and textiles. A major collection, which keeps up with current renovation, to be completed in the fall of developments through an active 1997, will add a new two-story connecting structure linking the museum acquisitions program, are loan with its garden and with two townhouses exhibitions focusing on emerging currently known as the Design Resource contemporary artists as well as on art Center. Changing exhibitions and public movements of the modern era. There is programs seek to educate by exploring an active program of public service and the role of design in daily life. The education, including docent tours, Museum is open daily except Mondays lectures on contemporary art and artists, and holidays. Admission is charged. and films of historic and artistic interest. The Museum houses a collection For further information, contact the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum, 2 East Ninety-First Street, research facility, a specialized art library, New York, NY 10028. Phone, 212–860–6868. and a photographic archive, available for consultation by prior appointment. Freer Gallery of Art The building, the original collection, and an endowment For further information, contact the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Seventh Street and were the gift of Charles Lang Freer Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20560. (1854–1919). The Gallery houses one of Phone, 202–357–2700. the world’s most renowned collections of Asian art as well as an important National Air and Space Museum group of ancient Egyptian glass, early Created to memorialize the development Christian manuscripts, and works by of aviation and space flight, the Museum James McNeill Whistler together with collects, displays, and preserves other 19th and early 20th century aeronautical and space flight artifacts of American artists. historical significance as well as documentary and artistic materials More than 27,000 objects in the Asian related to air and space. The exhibitions collection represent the arts of East Asia, and study collections record human the Near East, and South and Southeast conquest of the air from its tentative Asia, including paintings, manuscripts, beginnings to recent achievements by scrolls, screens, ceramics, metalwork, high altitude aircraft, guided missiles, glass, jade, lacquer, and sculpture. rockets, satellites, and manned space Members of the staff conduct research flight. The principal areas in which work on objects in the collection and publish is concentrated include flight craft of all results in scholarly journals and books types, manned and unmanned; space for general and specialist audiences. flight vehicles; and propulsion systems. They arrange thematic exhibitions from 722 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The Langley Theater, with a giant A major center for research in screen presentation, and the 70-foot American art, the Museum has domed Einstein Planetarium are featured. contributed to such resources as the For further information, contact the National Air Inventory of American Paintings and Space Museum, Sixth Street and Independence Executed Before 1914, with data on Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202– nearly 260,000 works; the Peter A. Juley 357–2700. & Sons collection of 127,000 historical National Museum of African Art This photographs; the Slide and Photographic is the only art museum in the United Archives; the Smithsonian Art Index; the States dedicated exclusively to portraying Pre-1877 Art Exhibition Catalogue Index; the rich, creative visual traditions of the Inventory of American Sculpture, Africa. with information on more than 50,000 Established in 1964 and incorporated indoor and outdoor works; and the as a bureau of the Smithsonian in 1979, Joseph Cornell Study Center. The library, the Museum opened at its new location shared with the National Portrait Gallery, on the National Mall in September 1987. contains volumes on art, history, and Its research components, collection, biography, with special emphasis on the exhibitions, and public programs United States. The building also houses establish the Museum as a primary the Archives of American Art, with its source for the examination and vast holdings of documentary material discovery of the arts and culture of on American art and artists. Africa. In recent years, works of The Museum makes hundreds of outstanding aesthetic quality have been images from the collection and extensive added to a collection numbering about information on its collections, 7,000 works in wood, metal, fired clay, publications, and activities available ivory, and fiber. Examples of traditional electronically to personal computer users art include a wooden figure of a Zairian (Internet, http://www.nmaa.si.edu/) and Yombe carver; a Lower Niger Bronze commercial online services. There is a Industry vessel, with chameleons; and a research program for visiting scholars, memorial figure from the Cameroon and university interns are welcomed in grassfields. many museum departments. The Eliot Elisofon Photographic The Museum’s Renwick Gallery, Archives includes some 100,000 slides, located at 17th Street and Pennsylvania photos, and film segments on Africa. Avenue NW., Washington, DC, is There is also a specialized library of dedicated to exhibiting crafts of all more than 18,000 volumes and periods and to collecting 20th century periodicals. American crafts. It offers changing exhibitions of American crafts and For further information, contact the National Museum of African Art, 950 Independence Avenue decorative arts, both historical and SW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202–357– contemporary, and a rotating selection 2700. from its permanent collection. The National Museum of American Art The Grand Salon is elegantly furnished in the Museum’s art collection spans more than opulent style of the 1860’s and 1870’s. 250 years of American painting, For further information, contact the National sculpture, folk art, photography, and Museum of American Art, Eighth and G Streets NW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202–357– graphic art. A flexibly structured 2700. changing selection from the permanent collection of more than 37,500 works of National Museum of American History art allows for special groupings based on In pursuit of its fundamental mission to subjects, media, and other inspire a broader understanding of the considerations. Special exhibitions are United States and its people, the presented each year on various aspects Museum provides learning opportunities, of American art, often accompanied by stimulates the imagination of visitors, publications and interactive computer and presents challenging ideas about the programs. Nation’s past. The Museum’s exhibits QUASI–OFFICIAL AGENCIES 723 offer a unique view of the American —the Mall museum, which will open experience. Important elements of the in 2001 east of the National Air and collections present the European Space Museum on the National Mall’s background, but emphasis is placed last available site. Exhibits are currently upon the growth of the United States, offered in the Arts and Industries upon the men and women who have Building at 900 Jefferson Drive, shaped our heritage, upon science and Washington, DC. the arts, and upon the remaking of our The Museum, whose collections were world through technology. transferred to the Smithsonian from the Exhibits draw upon strong collections former Museum of the American Indian, in the sciences and engineering, Heye Foundation, in New York City, is agriculture, manufacturing, an institution of living cultures dedicated transportation, medicine, printing, to the collection, preservation, study, photography, ceramics, coins, and glass. and exhibition of the life, languages, Outstanding holdings include Whitney’s literature, history, and arts of the native cotton gin, Morse’s telegraph, the John peoples of the Americas. Bull locomotive, and a great variety of Highlights include Northwest Coast scientific instruments and inventions. carvings; dance masks; pottery and Political, social, military, and cultural weaving from the Southwest; painted history are also well represented. Major hides and garments from the North installations treat everyday life in American Plains; goldwork from America just after the Revolutionary Colombia, Mexico, and Peru; and War, science in American life, and the Amazonian featherwork. diverse origins of the American people. Admission is free. For information on The Museum offers changing exhibits on hours, phone 212–825–6700 (New York a wide range of subjects including City) or 202–357–2700 (Washington, information technology, political history, DC). American music, and American cars and For further information, contact the National trains. Hands-on activities, Museum of the American Indian, Suite 7102, 470 L’Enfant Plaza SW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, demonstrations, films, and performances 202–287–2523. highlight many aspects of the Museum. The Smithsonian Jazz Masterworks National Museum of Natural History Orchestra is located at the Museum. This museum is dedicated to Scholars may be aided in the use of understanding the natural world and the the Museum’s research collections and place of humans in it. The Museum’s specialized library facilities by permanent exhibits focus on Earth appointment. sciences, biology, and anthropology, with the most popular displays featuring For further information, contact the National Museum of American History, Fourteenth Street gemstones such as the Hope diamond, and Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC dinosaurs, marine ecosystems, birds, and 20560. Phone, 202–357–2700. mammals. Notable attractions include the O. Orkin Insect Zoo, where a variety National Museum of the American of arthropods live in realistic habitats; Indian The Museum was established by and the Discovery Room, where visitors act of November 28, 1989 (20 U.S.C. can handle specimens and artifacts. The 80q et seq.). It will be located in three Museum also hosts a variety of special facilities: exhibitions, such as ‘‘Amber: Window to —the George Gustav Heye Center, the Past.’’ located at One Bowling Green, New The public displays represent only a York City, which is currently open; small portion of the national collections —the Cultural Resources Center in housed and maintained by the Museum. Suitland, MD, which will open in the These encyclopedic collections comprise late 1990’s and house a major portion of more than 120 million specimens, the Museum’s priceless million-object making the Museum one of the world’s collection; and foremost facilities for natural history 724 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL research. Doctorate-level staff million objects. The 75,000 square-foot researchers ensure the continued growth Museum is devoted to the history of and value of the collection by America’s mail service. The major conducting studies in the field and galleries include exhibits on mail service laboratory. The Museum maintains in colonial times and during the Civil permanent research facilities in Alaska, War, the Pony Express, modern mail Florida, Belize, Guyana, and Brazil. service, automation, mail transportation, For further information, contact the National and the art of letters, as well as displays Museum of Natural History, Tenth Street and of the Museum’s priceless stamp Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20560. collection. Phone, 202–357–2700. Highlights include three mail planes, a National Portrait Gallery The Gallery replica of a railway mail car, a was established by act of April 27, 1962 mudwagon, an airmail beacon, displays (20 U.S.C. 75a), as a museum of the of letters and greeting cards, foreign and Smithsonian Institution ‘‘for the domestic mail boxes, and rare U.S. and exhibition and study of portraiture foreign issue stamps and covers. depicting men and women who have Located on Capitol Hill next to Union made significant contributions to the Station, the Postal Museum is geared for a family audience. A state-of-the-art history, development, and culture of the museum setting offers more than 40 people of the United States.’’ It is housed videos and interactive displays, as well in one of the oldest Government as a museum shop, a stamp retail store, structures in Washington, the former and a discovery center for educational U.S. Patent Office Building. programs, lectures, and performances. The first floor of the Gallery is devoted to major loan exhibitions, changing For further information, contact the National Postal exhibitions from the Gallery’s collection Museum, 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE., Washington, of paintings, sculpture, prints, DC 20560. Phone, 202–357–2700. photographs, and drawings as well as National Zoological Park The National several galleries with special portrait Zoo encompasses 163 acres along Rock collections. On the second floor are Creek in Northwest Washington, DC. featured the permanent collection of Established in 1889, the Zoo is one of portraits of eminent Americans and the the oldest branches of the Smithsonian Hall of Presidents containing portraits Institution. The collection today and associative items of our Chief encompasses more than 5,000 animals Executives. The two-story Victorian and nearly 500 species, ranging in size Renaissance Great Hall on the third floor and diversity from leaf-cutter ants to of the gallery houses a Civil War giant pandas, elephants, and rhinos. exhibition (on the mezzanine), and is Recent exhibits include ‘‘Amazonia,’’ a used for special events and public simulated tropical rain forest; ‘‘Think programs. Tank,’’ an exhibit focusing on animal A large library is shared with the thinking; the ‘‘Vertebrate’’ and National Museum of American Art and the Archives of American Art. The ‘‘Pollinarium’’ exhibits; and the Reptile education department offers public Discovery Center, featuring the world’s programs; outreach programs for largest lizards, Komodo dragons. The schools, senior adults, hospitals, and Zoo’s exhibits are supported by scientific nursing homes; and walk-in and group investigations conducted at the Zoo’s tours. Department of Zoological Research. Work focusing on genetics, animal For further information, contact the National behavior, and reproductive studies has Portrait Gallery, Eighth and F Streets NW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202–357–2700. given the National Zoo a leadership role among the Nation’s conservation National Postal Museum The Museum institutions. houses the Nation’s postal history and In addition to the animals living at its philatelic collection, the largest of its Washington facilities, the Zoo’s kind in the world, with more than 16 Conservation and Research Center QUASI–OFFICIAL AGENCIES 725 located on 3,150 acres near Front Royal, traditions in the United States and VA, houses an additional 4,500 animals, abroad. It maintains a documentary among them extremely rare species. collection and produces Smithsonian Research at the Center explores animal Folkways Recordings, educational behavior, ecology, nutrition, materials, documentary films, reproductive physiology, pathology, and publications, and traveling exhibits, as clinical medicine. The Center also well as the annual Festival of American conducts research into the long-term Folklife on the National Mall. Recent maintenance of wild animal populations Folklife Festivals have featured a range and captive-breeding of endangered of American music styles, a number of animals. It operates a training program State tributes, and performers from for wildlife professionals from other around the world. Admission to the countries, including those with festival is free. The 2-week program endangered and rare wildlife. includes Fourth of July activities. For further information, contact the National Zoo, 3000 Connecticut Avenue NW., Washington, DC For further information, contact the Center for 20008. Phone, 202–673–4717. E-mail, Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies, Suite 2600, [email protected]. Internet, http://www.si.edu/ 914 L’Enfant Plaza SW., Washington, DC 20560. natzoo/. Phone, 202–287–3424 or 202–357–2700. Office of Fellowships and Grants This International Center The International office develops and administers the Center supports Smithsonian activities numerous Smithsonian programs abroad and coordinates the designed to assist scholars and students Smithsonian’s international interests, from the United States and throughout particularly those that do not fall within the world in utilizing the Institution’s the scope of a single Smithsonian bureau unique resources. These academic or museum. The International Center programs, which include long- and provides a meeting place and an short-term appointments, are an organizational channel to bring together important complement to those offered the world’s scholars, museum by universities and support participants’ professionals, decisionmakers, and the research in art, history, and science. general public, to attend and participate Predoctoral, postdoctoral, and in conferences, public forums, lectures, graduate student fellowship programs performances, exhibitions, films, and provide scholars and students the workshops. Through the International opportunity to conduct research on Center, the Smithsonian seeks to independently conceived projects at encourage a broadening of public Smithsonian facilities in conjunction understanding of the histories, cultures, with the Institution’s research staff. and natural environments of regions The Office of Fellowships and Grants throughout the world. offers internships aimed at increasing minority participation in ongoing For further information, contact the Office of International Relations, MRC 705, 1100 Jefferson Smithsonian research activities and fields Drive SW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202– of interest. In addition, it administers all 357–1539. internships funded by stipends. The Office also administers other research Center for Museum Studies The Center opportunity programs for many of the is an outreach office of the Smithsonian Smithsonian bureaus. that helps museums in the United States fulfill their public service mission. It For further information, contact the Office of Fellowships and Grants, Suite 7000, 902 L’Enfant conducts training programs for museum Plaza SW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202– professionals on museum operational 287–3271. E-mail, [email protected]. methods, management of collections, Center for Folklife Programs and exhibitions techniques, and educational Cultural Studies The Center is activities. responsible for research, documentation, The Center is also the central intern and presentation of grassroots cultural office for the Institution, registering all 726 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL interns and administering a central intern individuals and organizations associated application referral service. with the Institution or with its work. Located in the Center is the These holdings document the growth of Smithsonian Institution Libraries Museum the Smithsonian and the development of Reference Center, the Nation’s largest American science, history, and art. museological library. The Institutional History Division For further information, contact the Center for explores the history of the Smithsonian Museum Studies, 900 Jefferson Drive SW., Room by drawing upon the holdings of the 2235, MRC 427, Smithsonian Institution, Archives and by creating new historical Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202–357–3101. records such as audio and videotaped Fax, 202–357–3346. interviews. Within the Division, the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery This Asian Joseph Henry Papers publishes the art museum opened to the public correspondence and papers of the September 1987 on the National Mall. Smithsonian’s first Secretary, renowned Changing exhibitions drawn from major scientist Joseph Henry, whose collections in the United States and bicentennial is celebrated in 1997. abroad, as well as from the permanent The National Collections Program holdings of the Sackler Gallery, are assists in and monitors the development displayed in the distinctive museum. The of effective collections management Gallery’s growing permanent collection policy throughout the Institution and the is founded on a group of art objects from museum community at large. China, South and Southeast Asia, and For further information, contact the Office of the the ancient Near East that was given to Smithsonian Institution Archives, 900 Jefferson the Smithsonian by Arthur M. Sackler Drive SW., MRC 414, Washington, DC 20560. (1913–1987), a medical researcher, Phone, 202–357–1420. Fax, 202–357–2395. publisher, and art collector. Dr. Sackler’s Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory gift included Chinese jades, bronzes, The Observatory is located in ancient Near Eastern ceramics, gold and Cambridge, MA, on the grounds of the silver, and sculpture from South and Harvard College Observatory. Since Southeast Asia. The collection has 1973, the observatories have expanded to include Persian coordinated research activities under a manuscripts; Japanese paintings; single director in a cooperative venture ceramics, prints, and textiles; and known as the Harvard-Smithsonian paintings and metalware from China, Center for Astrophysics. Japan, and South and Southeast Asia. The Center’s research activities are Programs at the Gallery include loan organized in seven divisions, as follows: exhibitions and major international shows offering both surveys of distinctive atomic and molecular physics, radio and Asian traditions and comparative geoastronomy, high-energy astrophysics, exhibitions showing the art of different optical and infrared astronomy, planetary centuries, geographic areas, and types of sciences, solar and stellar physics, and patronage. Many exhibitions are theoretical astrophysics. accompanied by public programs and Data-gathering facilities include a scholarly symposia. major observatory in Arizona, optical and radio astronomy facilities in For further information, contact the Arthur M. Massachusetts, and a submillimeter-wave Sackler Gallery, 1050 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202–357–2700. facility in Hawaii (now under construction). The Smithsonian Office of the Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical Observatory’s Archives The Office includes the observational capabilities are Institutional History Division and the complemented by library, computation, National Collections Program. The and laboratory facilities in Cambridge. Smithsonian Institution Archives Research results are published in the acquires, preserves, and makes available Center Preprint Series and other for research the official records of the technical and nontechnical bulletins, Smithsonian Institution and the papers of and distributed to scientific and QUASI–OFFICIAL AGENCIES 727 educational institutions around the branch library or to Central Reference world. As a further service to and Loan. international science, the Smithsonian For further information, contact the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory serves as the Institution Libraries, Tenth Street and Constitution headquarters for Astronomical Telegrams Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202– and the Minor Planet Center. 357–2139. E-mail, [email protected]/. Astronomical Telegrams provide rapid Smithsonian Institution Traveling international dissemination of news Exhibition Service (SITES) Since 1952, about the discovery of comets, novae, SITES has been committed to making and other astronomical phenomena. The Smithsonian exhibitions available to Minor Planet Center is the principal millions of people who cannot view source for all positional observations of them firsthand at the Smithsonian asteroids as well as for establishing their museums in Washington, DC, and New orbits and ephemerides. York City. Each year, audiences across The Observatory offers an extensive North America experience the treasures public education program, including a and opportunities of the Smithsonian by variety of ‘‘open nights’’ held in visiting SITES exhibitions that come to Cambridge and at other facilities. local museums, libraries, science centers, historical societies, zoos, Information about these activities and other general materials for students and teachers may be aquariums, community centers, and obtained from the Smithsonian Astrophysical schools. More than 65 exhibitions on art, Observatory, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA history, and science circulate every year. 02138. Phone, 617–495–7461. SITES also offers exhibits in its Smithsonian Environmental Research International Gallery on the National Center The Center measures physical, Mall, in the S. Dillon Ripley Center, chemical, and biological interactions in 1100 Jefferson Drive SW. the environment and determines how For further information, to book a SITES exhibition, these interactions control biological or to receive a copy of Update, the annual catalog responses. This research is carried out in of current exhibitions, contact the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, MRC 706, a 2,600-acre facility in Edgewater, MD, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560. where the ecology of land/water Phone, 202–357–3168. interactions is studied for the estuary and adjacent watersheds of the Chesapeake Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Bay. (STRI) The Institute is a research organization for advanced studies of For further information, contact the Smithsonian tropical ecosystems. Headquartered in Environmental Research Center, P.O. Box 28, Edgewater, MD 21037. Phone, 301–261–4190. the Republic of Panama, STRI maintains extensive facilities in the Western Smithsonian Institution Libraries The Hemisphere tropics. It is the permanent libraries of the Smithsonian Institution base of a corps of tropical researchers, include more than one million volumes who in turn provide an intellectual with strengths in natural history, environment that attracts many visiting museology, history of science, and scientists and research fellows. The humanities. The systems’ administrative Institute’s researchers study the services and Central Reference and Loan evolution, behavior, ecology, and history are located in the National Museum of of tropical species on systems ranging Natural History with 18 branch libraries from coral reefs to tropical rain forests. located in most of the major Smithsonian Growing strengths in molecular biology, museums and research units including plant physiology, and paleoecology the Smithsonian Astrophysical complement established excellence in Observatory in Cambridge, MA; the evolutionary biology and ecology. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute The Institute operates the Barro in the Republic of Panama; and the Colorado Nature Monument, a 12,000- National Air and Space Museum. acre forest reserve, including Barro Address inquiries to the appropriate Colorado Island (protected since 1923) 728 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL and adjacent peninsulas in Gatun Lake, Since its opening in 1971, the Center part of the Panama Canal. It also has presented a year-round program of maintains a research and conference the finest in music, dance, and drama center in Panama City, including one of from the United States and abroad. the world’s finest libraries. In addition, Facilities include the Opera House, the STRI has two marine laboratories, one at Eisenhower Theater, the American Film Naos Island on the Pacific entrance to Institute Theater, the Terrace Theater, the the Panama Canal and another at Galeta Theater Lab, and the Concert Hall, home Island on the Atlantic. It administers of the Center’s affiliate, the National marine stations in the Caribbean in the Symphony Orchestra. San Blas Islands, and at Cayos Cochinos, The Center’s Education Department Honduras, and maintains a research includes the nationwide Performing Arts vessel for off-shore studies. The Centers and Schools: Partners in Institute’s scientific staff conducts Education, American College Theater research in these areas as well as in Festival, Youth and Family Programs, the other parts of Central and South National Symphony Orchestra Education America, the Pacific, Asia, and Africa, Program, and the Kennedy Center where comparative studies are clarifying Alliance for Arts Education Network, the distinctive role of the tropics. designed to increase participation by For a brochure describing the students throughout the country in Institute’s activities and illustrating some Center activities and to establish the of the facilities and habitats available, Center as a focal point for strengthening contact the Visitor Services Office, the arts in education at all levels. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, The Kennedy Center box offices are Unit 0948 APO AA. International phone open daily, and general information and with operator assist, 011–507–227–6022. tickets may be obtained by calling 202– E-mail, [email protected]. 467–4600 or 202–416–8524 (TDD). Full-time students, senior citizens over For further information, contact the Smithsonian the age of 65, enlisted personnel of Tropical Research Institute, 900 Jefferson Drive grade E–4 and below, fixed low-income SW., MRC 555, Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202–786–2817. Fax, 202–786–2819. Phone groups, and the disabled may purchase (Panama), 011–507–62–6022. E-mail, tickets for most performances at a 50- [email protected]. percent discount through the Specially Priced Ticket Program. This program is The John F. Kennedy Center for the designed to make the Center accessible Performing Arts The Center, the sole to all, regardless of economic official memorial in Washington to circumstance. President Kennedy, is an independent Visitor services are provided by the bureau of the Smithsonian Institution, Friends of the Kennedy Center administered by a 49-member Board of volunteers. Tours are available free of Trustees. charge between 10 a.m. and 1 p.m. In a public/private partnership, the daily. Free performances are given every Federal Government provides day at 6 p.m. on the Millenium Stage in appropriated fund support for the the Grand Foyer. maintenance and operation of the physical facilities of the Presidential For further information, contact the Kennedy Center. Phone, 202–467–4600. Internet, http:// monument, while the Board of Trustees www.kennedy-center.org/. is responsible for raising private funds for all of the artistic initiatives. Additional National Gallery of Art The National funds for programming and education Gallery of Art is governed by a Board of are derived through box office sales and Trustees composed of five Trustees and other earned income, and other the Secretary of State, the Secretary of government grants. The Center’s Board is the Treasury, the Chief Justice of the responsible for administration of the United States, and the Secretary of the building and for performing arts Smithsonian Institution. It houses one of programming and education. the finest collections in the world, QUASI–OFFICIAL AGENCIES 729 illustrating Western man’s achievements computer system in any American art in painting, sculpture, and the graphic museum. Thirteen computers, installed arts. The collections, beginning with the in the redesigned art information room 13th century, are rich in European old near the Mall entrance, enable visitors to master paintings and French, Spanish, see in magnified detail nearly every Italian, American, and British 18th- and work of art on display in the permanent 19th-century paintings; sculpture from collection, as well as access to the late Middle Ages to the present; information about artists, geographic Renaissance medals and bronzes; areas, time periods, pronunciations (with Chinese porcelains; and about 75,000 sound), and more. Visitors can design a works of graphic art from the 12th to the personal tour of the collection and print 20th centuries. The collections are it out to use as a guide in the galleries. acquired by private donation rather than For information, call 202–842–6188 or by Government funds, which serve 202–842–6653. solely to operate and maintain the For general information on the National Gallery of building and its collections. Art and its activities, call 202–737–4215. Internet, The National Gallery’s West Building, http://www.nga.gov/. designed by John Russell Pope in neoclassical style, was a gift to the Woodrow Wilson International Center Nation from Andrew W. Mellon, who for Scholars The Center, located in also bequeathed his collection to the Washington, DC, is the Nation’s official gallery in 1937. On March 17, 1941, memorial to its 28th President. The President Franklin D. Roosevelt accepted Center’s mandate is to integrate the the completed building and works of art world of learning with the world of on behalf of the people of the United public affairs. Through meetings and States of America. conferences, the Center brings scholars The National Gallery’s East Building, together with Members of Congress, designed by I.M. Pei, was accepted by Government officials, business leaders, President Jimmy Carter in June of 1978 and other policymakers. Through as a gift of Paul Mellon and the late publication of books and the Wilson Ailsa Mellon Bruce, son and daughter of Quarterly and a nationally broadcast the gallery’s founder, and the Andrew radio program, the results of the Center’s W. Mellon Foundation. The East research and meetings are made publicly Building provides space for temporary available. exhibitions, the gallery’s growing The Center awards approximately 40 collections, the Center for the Advanced residential fellowships annually to Study in the Visual Arts, including individuals with project proposals greatly expanded library and representing the entire range of superior photographic archives, and scholarship, with a strong emphasis on administrative and curatorial offices. the humanities and social sciences. A professor-in-residence position is Applications from any country are filled annually by a distinguished scholar welcome. Persons with outstanding in the field of art history; graduate and capabilities and experience from a wide postgraduate research is conducted variety of backgrounds (including under a fellowship program; programs government, the corporate world, for schoolchildren and the general academia, and other professions) are public are conducted daily; and an eligible for appointment. For academic Extension Service distributes loans of participants, eligibility is limited to the audiovisual materials, including films, postdoctoral level. slide lectures, and slide sets throughout The Center prefers its fellows to be in the world. Publications, slides, and residence for the academic year— reproductions may be obtained through September to May or June—although a the Publications Service. few fellowships are available for shorter The Micro Gallery, located in the periods of not less than 4 months. West Building, is the most The Center holds one round of comprehensive interactive multimedia competitive selection per year. The 730 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL deadline for the receipt of applications is privately funded. For further information, October 1, and decisions on contact the Center for Advanced Study appointments are announced in March in the Visual Arts, National Gallery of of the following year. Art, Washington, DC 20565. Phone, 202–842–6480; or fax, 202–842–6733. For further information, contact the Fellowship Office, Woodrow Wilson Center, Washington, DC Electronic Access Information about 20560. Phone, 202–357–2841. Fax, 202–357–4439. the Smithsonian Institution is available Internet, http://wwics.si.edu/. electronically through the Internet, at http://www.si.edu/. Sources of Information Information about programs, activities, Contracts and Small Business Activities and performances at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts Information may be obtained from the is available through the Internet, at http:/ Director, Office of Contracting and /www.kennedy-center.org/. Property Management, Smithsonian Information about the National Gallery Institution, Washington, DC 20560, of Art is available through the Internet, at regarding procurement of supplies; http://www.nga.gov/. contracts for construction, services, etc.; Information about the programs and and property management and activities of the Woodrow Wilson Center utilization services for Smithsonian for International Scholars is available Institution organizations, except that the through the Internet, at http:// following independent organizations wwics.si.edu/. should be contacted directly: John F. Employment Employment information Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, for the Smithsonian is available from the Washington, DC 20566; and Supply Office of Human Resources, Smithsonian Officer, National Gallery of Art, Sixth Institution, Suite 2100, 955 L’Enfant Street and Constitution Avenue NW., Plaza SW., Washington, DC 20560. Washington, DC 20565. Phone, 202– Phone, 202–287–3100. Recorded 287–3343. message, 202–287–3102. Employment Education and Research Refer to information for the following locations preceding statements on the Office of may be obtained by contacting the Fellowships and Grants, the Center for organizations directly as follows: Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies, Personnel Office, National Gallery of the National Science Resources Center, Art, Fourth Street and Constitution the Smithsonian Education Office, and Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20565 other offices. For information, write to (phone, 202–842–6298; or for the the Directors of these offices at the hearing impaired (TDD), 202–789– Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 3021); and the John F. Kennedy Center 20560. for the Performing Arts, Human For information regarding Kennedy Resources Department, Washington, DC Center Education Programs, both in 20566 (phone, 202–416–8610). Washington, DC, and in nationwide Films The National Gallery of Art touring productions and training, contact circulates films, slide programs, videos, the John F. Kennedy Center for the teaching packets, and videodiscs to Performing Arts, Washington, DC 20566 schools and civic organizations (phone, 202–416–8000). throughout the country. Contact the The Center for Advanced Study in the Department of Education Resources, Visual Arts was founded in 1979, as part National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC of the National Gallery of Art, to 20565. Phone, 202–842–6273. Please promote study of the history, theory, and write to request a free catalog of criticism of art, architecture, and programs. urbanism through the formation of a Memberships For information about community of scholars. The activities of Smithsonian membership (Resident the Center for Advanced Study, which Program), write to The Smithsonian include the fellowship program, Associates, MRC 701, 1100 Jefferson meetings, research, and publications, are Drive SW., Washington, DC 20560. QUASI–OFFICIAL AGENCIES 731

Phone, 202–357–3030. The Resident that assist the Institution in achieving its Program offers a wide variety of goals. For additional information about performing arts events, courses, lectures, the Young Benefactors, write to The seminars, symposia, films, and guided Smithsonian Associates, 1100 Jefferson tours with specialists, authors, Drive SW., Washington, DC 20560. celebrities, and other notables. Phone, 202–357–1351. Additional activities include a lecture The Circle of the National Gallery of series for senior adults; classes, Art is a membership program which workshops, films, and summer camp provides support for special projects for sessions for young people; and family which Federal funds are not available. and adult/child activities. Membership Since its inception in 1986, the Circle benefits include discounts and has provided support for scholarly admissions priority; a subscription to exhibitions, acquisitions of works of art, Smithsonian magazine; monthly copies publications, films, and symposia at the of the Associate, the award-winning Gallery’s Center for Advanced Study in guide to Resident Associate activities; the Visual Arts. For more information and dining privileges. Additionally, all about membership in the Circle of the members receive discounts on museum National Gallery of Art, please write to shop purchases; Smithsonian Catalog The Circle, National Gallery of Art, items; Smithsonian Press/Smithsonian Washington, DC 20565; or call 202– Productions publications and recordings; 842–6450. and discounts on subscriptions to Air Information about activities of the and Space/Smithsonian magazine. The Friends of the National Zoo and their Smithsonian Associates also offer magazine, The Zoogoer, is available by volunteer opportunities and special writing to FONZ at the National services for individuals with disabilities. Zoological Park, Washington, DC For information about Smithsonian 20008. Phone, 202–673–4960. membership (National Program), contact Information about the national and The Smithsonian Associates, 1100 local activities of Friends of the Kennedy Jefferson Drive SW., Washington, DC Center (including the bimonthly Kennedy 20560. Phone, 202–357–4800. National Center News for members) is available at membership benefits include a the information desks within the Center subscription to Smithsonian magazine; or by writing to Friends of the Kennedy information services from the Associates’ Center, Washington, DC 20566. Reception Center; eligibility to travel on Photographs Color and black-and- international and U.S. study tours and white photographs and slides are seminars guided by expert study leaders; available to Government agencies, discounted tickets for Smithsonian research and educational institutions, educational events nationwide; and publishers, and the general public from shopping and dining privileges. The the Smithsonian. Subjects include Contributing Membership offers photographs of the Smithsonian’s additional opportunities to support the scientific, technological, historical, and Smithsonian Institution. Contributing art collections as well as pictures dating members, at various levels, receive an back more than 125 years taken from its array of benefits—from receiving photographic archives. Information, quarterly issues of Smithsonian order forms, and price lists may be Institution Research Reports to being obtained from the Office of Imaging, invited to the annual James Smithson Printing, and Photographic Services, weekend and other special events. For Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC information about the Contributing 20560. Phone, 202–357–1933. Membership, call 202–357–4300. Publications Smithsonian Press/ The Young Benefactors offers Smithsonian Productions and the Office individuals between the ages of 25 and of Public Affairs publish Smithsonian 45 the opportunity to increase their Year, the Institution’s annual report. understanding of the Institution and to Press/Productions also publishes a range participate in unique fundraising events of books and studies related to the 732 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL sciences, technology, history, air and Radio and Telephone Radio space, and the arts. A book catalog and Smithsonian produces award-winning a list of studies are available from radio series and specials about the arts, Publications Sales, Smithsonian sciences, and human culture for national Institution University Press, 1111 North broadcast on public radio. Capitol Street, Washington, DC 20002. Dial-A-Museum, 202–357–2020 Phone, 202–287–3738. To purchase a provides a taped message with daily Smithsonian Institution University Press announcements on new exhibits and volume, contact the Office. Phone, 800– special events. 782–4612. To purchase a recording of Smithsonian Skywatchers Report, 202– the Smithsonian Collection of 357–2000 is a taped message with Recordings, contact Press/Productions. weekly announcements on stars, planets, Phone, 800–863–9943. and worldwide occurrences of short- An events highlight advertisement, lived natural phenomena. which appears on the next-to-last Friday For a Spanish Listing of Smithsonian Events, call 202–633–9126. of the month, is published in the Concerts From the National Gallery is Washington Post by the Smithsonian broadcast 4 weeks after the performance Office of Public Affairs. on Washington, DC, area radio station A free Welcome brochure providing a WGTS, 91.9 FM, Sundays at 7 p.m., brief guide to the Smithsonian Institution November through July. is published in English and several Speakers The Education Office, foreign languages. A visitor’s guide for National Gallery of Art, Fourth Street individuals with disabilities and and Constitution Avenue NW., Smithsonian Institution Research Reports, Washington, DC 20565, provides gallery containing news of current research talks and lectures. Phone, 202–842– projects in the arts, sciences, and history 6246. that are being conducted by Smithsonian Special Functions Inquiries regarding staff, are available from the Smithsonian the use of Kennedy Center facilities for Office of Public Affairs, 900 Jefferson special functions may be directed to the Drive SW., MRC 421, Washington, DC Office of Special Events, John F. 20560. Phone, 202–357–2627. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, To request a copy of Smithsonian Washington, DC 20566. Phone, 202– Runner, a newsletter about Native 416–8000. American-related activities at the Theater Operations Inquiries regarding Smithsonian, contact the National the use of the Kennedy Center’s theaters Museum of the American Indian, may be addressed to the Booking Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC Coordinator, John F. Kennedy Center for 20560. the Performing Arts, Washington, DC For the newsletter Art to Zoo for 20566. Phone, 202–416–8000. teachers of fourth through eighth graders, Tours For information about museum write to the Smithsonian Office of and gallery tours, contact the Education, Room 1163, MRC 402, Arts Smithsonian Information Center, 1000 and Industries Building, Washington, DC Jefferson Drive, SW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202–357–2425. 20560. Phone, 202–357–2700. School The Gallery Shops, National Gallery of groups are welcome. Art (phone, 202–842–6466), makes Special member tours are provided available quality reproductions and through Friends of the National Zoo, publications about the Gallery’s National Zoological Park, 3000 collections. The Information Office Connecticut Avenue NW., Washington, provides a monthly Calendar of Events DC 20008. Phone, 202–673–4821. and several brochures including Brief Visitor Information The Smithsonian Guide to the National Gallery of Art and Information Center, located in the An Invitation to the National Gallery of original Smithsonian building, commonly Art (the latter in several foreign known as ‘‘The Castle,’’ provides general languages). orientation, through films, computer QUASI–OFFICIAL AGENCIES 733 interactive programs, and visitor participate in an independent program in information specialists, to help members which their educational and professional and the public learn about the national backgrounds are matched with curatorial collections, museum events, exhibitions, or research requests from within the and special programs. Write to the Smithsonian. For information, write to Smithsonian Information Center, 1000 the Visitor Information and Associates’ Jefferson Drive SW., Washington, DC Reception Center, 1000 Jefferson Drive 20560. Phone, 202–357–2700. TTY, SW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202–357–1729. 202–357–2700. TTY, 202–357–1729. The Visitor Services Office of the Volunteers at the National Gallery of National Gallery of Art provides Art may select from providing such individual assistance to those with services as giving tours of the permanent special needs, responds to written and Gallery collection for children and adults telephone requests, supplies crowd in English or foreign languages; serving control for ticketed exhibitions and as art information specialists at the art programs, and provides information to information desks throughout the West those planning to visit the Washington, and East buildings; and assisting the DC, area. For more information, write to library staff on assorted projects. For the National Gallery of Art, Office of further details, write the Education Visitor Services, Washington, DC 20565. Division, National Gallery of Art, Phone, 202–842–6680; or for the Washington, DC 20565. Phone, 202– hearing impaired (TDD), 202–842–6176. 842–6246; or for the hearing impaired Volunteer Service Opportunities The (TDD), 202–842–6176. For library Smithsonian Institution welcomes volunteering inquiries, phone 202–842– volunteers and offers a variety of 6510. interesting service opportunities. During For information about volunteer 1996, the Smithsonian’s sesquicentennial opportunities at the Kennedy Center, year, the Institution recorded 9,026 write to Friends of the Kennedy Center, volunteers. Individuals may serve as tour Washington, DC 20566. Phone, 202– guides or information volunteers, or may 416–8000.

Members of the press may contact the Smithsonian Office of Public Affairs, 900 Jefferson Drive SW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202–357–2627. All other inquiries should be directed to the Smithsonian Information Center, 1000 Jefferson Drive SW., Washington, DC 20560. Phone, 202–357–2700. TDD, 202– 357–1729.

STATE JUSTICE INSTITUTE Suite 600, 1650 King Street, Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone, 703–684–6100

Board of Directors: Cochairmen DAVID A. BROCK, JOHN F. DAFFRON, JR. Secretary SANDRA A. O’CONNOR Executive Committee Member TERRENCE B. ADAMSON Members JOSEPH F. BACA, ROBERT N. BALDWIN, CARLOS R. GARZA,T OMMY JEWELL, KEITH MCNAMARA, FLORENCE R. MURRAY, JANIE L. SHORES 734 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Officers: Executive Director DAVID I. TEVELIN Deputy Director RICHARD VAN DUIZEND

The State Justice Institute was established to award grants to improve judicial administration in the State courts of the United States.

The State Justice Institute was created by To accomplish these broad objectives, the State Justice Institute Act of 1984 (42 the Institute is authorized to provide U.S.C. 10701) as a private, nonprofit funds, through grants, cooperative corporation to further the development agreements, and contracts, to State and improvement of judicial courts and organizations that can assist administration in the State courts. in the achievement of improving judicial The Institute is supervised by a Board administration of the State courts. of Directors consisting of 11 members appointed by the President with the Sources of Information advice and consent of the Senate. The Board is statutorily composed of six Inquiries concerning the following judges, a State court administrator, and programs and activities should be four members of the public, of whom no directed to the specified office of the more than two can be of the same State Justice Institute, Suite 600, 1650 political party. King Street, Alexandria, VA 22314. The goals of the Institute are to: Phone, 703–684–6100. —direct a national program of assistance to ensure that all U.S. citizens Grants—Chief, Program Division. have ready access to a fair and effective Publications, consumer information, speakers, Privacy Act/Freedom of Information Act requests— judicial system; Executive Assistant, Office of the Executive —foster coordination and cooperation Director. with the Federal Judiciary; Employment/personnel—Personnel Specialist, —serve as a clearinghouse and Finance Division. information center for the dissemination of information regarding State judicial Information regarding the programs systems; and and services of the State Justice Institute —encourage education for judges and is also available through the Internet, at support personnel of State court systems. http://www.clark.net/pub/sji/.

For further information, contact the State Justice Institute, Suite 600, 1650 King Street, Alexandria, VA 22314. Phone, 703–684–6100. Internet, http://www.clark.net/pub/sji/.

UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE 1550 M Street NW., Washington, DC 20005–1708 Phone, 202–457–1700. Fax, 202–429–6063

Board of Directors: Public Members: Chairman CHESTER A. CROCKER Vice Chairman MAX M. KAMPELMAN QUASI–OFFICIAL AGENCIES 735

Members DENNIS L. BARK, THEODORE M. HESBURGH, SEYMOUR MARTIN LIPSET, CHRISTOPHER PHILLIPS,M ARY LOUISE SMITH, W. SCOTT THOMPSON, ALLEN WEINSTEIN,H ARRIET ZIMMERMAN Ex officio: Deputy Director, U.S. Arms Control and RALPH EARLE II Disarmament Agency Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and TOBY TRISTER GATI Research President, National Defense University LT. GEN. ERVIN J. ROKKE, USAF Under Secretary of Defense for Policy WALTER B. SLOCOMBE Officials: President RICHARD H. SOLOMON Executive Vice President HARRIET HENTGES Vice President CHARLES E. NELSON Director, Education and Training PETER SCHOETTLE Director, Research and Studies STANLEY O. ROTH Director, Grants Program DAVID R. SMOCK Director, Jennings Randolph Fellowship JOSEPH L. KLAITS Program for International Peace Director, Jeannette Rankin Library Program MARGARITA STUDEMEISTER Director, Administration BERNICE J. CARNEY Director, Office of Communications SHERYL BROWN Director, Rule of Law Initiative NEIL J. KRITZ Senior Scholar for Religion, Ethics, and Human DAVID LITTLE Rights

The United States Institute of Peace was established to promote research, policy analysis, education, and training on international peace and conflict resolution.

The United States Institute of Peace is an research projects, public education and independent Federal institution created outreach activities, publications, and and funded by Congress to develop and library services. disseminate knowledge about The Grants Program provides financial international peace and conflict support for research, information resolution. The Institute addresses this services, education, and training. Eligible mandate in three principal ways: grantees include nonprofit organizations; —by expanding basic and applied official public institutions, such as public knowledge about the origins, nature, and schools, colleges, universities, libraries, processes of peace and war, and State and local agencies; and encompassing the widest spectrum of individuals. approaches and insights; —by disseminating this knowledge to The Jennings Randolph Program for officials, policymakers, diplomats, and International Peace provides fellowships others engaged in efforts to promote to scholars, doctoral candidates, international peace; and practitioners, and other professionals to —by supporting education and undertake research and other appropriate training programs and providing forms of work on issues of international information for secondary and university- peace and the management of level teachers and students and the international conflicts. The Research and general public. Studies Program conducts conferences, The Institute’s primary activities are seminars, and study groups on issues of grantmaking, fellowships, in-house short- and long-term significance. 736 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

The Jeannette Rankin Library Program projects, and a National Peace Essay has four main components: a specialized Contest for high school students. Institute research library; a network with and publications include the Biennial Report support for other libraries, both private to Congress and the President; a and public; an oral history resource; and newsletter, Peace Watch; periodic bibliographic as well as other data bases. papers on selected topics, Peaceworks; The Office of Communications fulfills and monographs, books, and special requests for speakers and media services, reports generated from Institute- answers general inquiries, and conducts sponsored projects. outreach programs in Washington, DC, and elsewhere. Institute-directed Sources of Information activities under the Education and Electronic access to the Institute is Training Program include educational available through the Internet, at http:// video programs, teacher training www.usip.org/.

For further information, contact the Office of Communications, United States Institute of Peace, Suite 700, 1550 M Street NW., Washington, DC 20005–1708. Phone, 202–457–1700. SELECTED MULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS

MULTILATERAL INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN WHICH THE UNITED STATES PARTICIPATES Explanatory note: The United States participates in the organizations named below in accordance with the provisions of treaties, other international agreements, congressional legislation, or executive arrangements. In some cases, no financial contribution is involved. Various commissions, councils, or committees subsidiary to the organizations listed here are not named separately on this list. These include the international bodies for narcotics control, which are subsidiary to the United Nations.

I. United Nations, Specialized Agencies, United Nations Mission of Observers in and International Atomic Energy Agency Tajikistan Food and Agricultural Organization United Nations Mission for the International Atomic Energy Agency Referendum in Western Sahara International Civil Aviation Organization United Nations Observer Mission in International Labor Organization Georgia International Maritime Organization United Nations Observer Mission in International Telecommunication Union Liberia United Nations United Nations Preventive Deployment Universal Postal Union Force (Macedonia) World Health Organization United Nations Transitional Authority in World Intellectual Property Organization Eastern Slavonia World Meteorological Organization United Nations Truce Supervision II. Peacekeeping Organization (Middle East) United Nations Angola Verification III. Inter-American Organizations Mission III Inter-American Indian Institute United Nations Disengagement Observer Inter-American Institute for Cooperation Force (Golan Heights) United Nations Force in Cyprus on Agriculture United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon Inter-American Tropical Tuna United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observer Commission Mission Organization of American States United Nations Military Observer Group Pan American Health Organization in India and Pakistan (PAHO) United Nations Mission in Bosnia- Pan American Institute of Geography Herzegovina and History United Nations Mission in Haiti Postal Union of the Americas and Spain United Nations Mission to Prevlaka and Portugal 737 738 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

IV. Regional Organizations International Seed Testing Association Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation International Tropical Timber Colombo Plan for Cooperative Economic Organization and Social Development in Asia and International Union for the Conservation the Pacific of Nature and Natural Resources North Atlantic Assembly (IUNC) North Atlantic Treaty Organization International Union for the Protection of Organization for Economic Cooperation New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and Development (OECD) International Whaling Commission South Pacific Commission International Wheat Council Interparliamentary Union V. Other International Organizations North Atlantic Ice Patrol Bureau of International Expositions North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Commission for the Conservation of Organization Antarctic Marine Living Resources Organization for the Prevention of Customs Cooperation Council (CCC) Chemical Weapons Fund for the Protection of the World Permanent International Association of Cultural and Natural Heritage Navigation Congresses Hague Conference on Private Permanent International Association of International Law Road Congresses International Agency for Research on United Nations Compensation Cancer Commission International Bureau of the Permanent World Trade Organization (WTO)/ Court of Arbitration General Agreement on Tariffs and International Bureau for the Publication Trade (GATT) of Customs Tariffs International Bureau of Weights and VI. Special Voluntary Programs Measures Colombo Plan Drug Advisory Program International Center for the Study of the Consultative Group on International Preservation and the Restoration of Agricultural Research Cultural Property (ICCROM) Convention on International Trade in International Commission for the Endangered Species of Wild Fauna Conservation of Atlantic Tunas and Flora (CITES) International Copper Study Group International Atomic Energy Agency International Cotton Advisory Committee Technical Assistance and Cooperation International Council for the Exploration Fund of the Seas (ICES) International Atomic Energy Agency International Council of Scientific Voluntary Programs Unions and Its Associated Unions (20) International Civil Aviation Organization International Criminal Police (ICAO) Aviation Security Fund Organization (INTERPOL) International Contributions for Scientific, International Hydrographic Organization Educational, and Cultural Activities International Institute for Cotton International Fund for Agricultural International Institute for the Unification Development (IFAD) of Private Law International Organization for Migration International Lead and Zinc Study Group (IOM) International Natural Rubber Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization Organization International North Pacific Fisheries Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund Commission Organization of American States Fund International Office of Epizootics for Strengthening Democracy International Office of Vine and Wine Organization of American States Special International Organization for Legal Cultural Fund Metrology Organization of American States Special International Rubber Study Group Development Assistance Fund MULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS 739

Organization of American States Special affiliate, was established in 1973 to Multilateral Fund (Education and complement AFDB operations by Science) providing concessional financing for Organization of American States Special high-priority development projects in the Projects Fund (Mar del Plata) poorest African countries. The Fund’s Pan American Health Organization membership consists of 25 member Special Health Promotion Funds countries and AFDB, which represents its United Nations Afghanistan Emergency African members and is allocated half of Trust Fund the votes. United Nations Center for Human Settlements (Habitat) (UNCHS) Asian Development Bank United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Headquarters: 6 ADB Avenue, 1501 United Nations Development Fund for Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines. Women (UNIFEM) Phone, 632–711–3851 United Nations Development Program President: Mitsuo Sato (UNDP) The Asian Development Bank United Nations Environment Program commenced operations on December (UNEP) 19, 1966. It now has 56 member United Nations/Food and Agricultural Organization World Food Program countries—40 from Asia and 16 from (WFP) outside the region. United Nations Fund for Drug Abuse The purpose of the Bank is to foster Control (UNFDAC) sustainable economic development, United Nations High Commissioner for poverty alleviation, and cooperation Refugees Program (UNHCR) among its developing member countries United Nations Population Fund in the Asia/Pacific region. United Nations Relief and Works Agency For further information, contact the Asian (UNRWA) Development Bank, P.O. Box 789, 1099 Manila, United Nations Volunteers (UNV) Philippines. E-mail, [email protected]. World Health Organization Special Internet, http://www.asiandevbank.org/. Programs World Meteorological Organization Inter-American Defense Board Special Fund for Climate Activities 2600 Sixteenth Street NW., Washington, DC World Meteorological Organization 20441. Phone, 202–939–6600 Voluntary Cooperation Program Chairman: Maj. Gen. John C. Thompson, USA African Development Bank The Inter-American Defense Board is the oldest permanently constituted, ˆ Headquarters: 01 B.P. 1387, Abidjan 01, Cote international military organization in the d’Ivoire world. It was founded by Resolution President: Omar Kabbaj XXXIX of the Meeting of Foreign The African Development Bank (AFDB) Ministers at Rio de Janeiro in January was established in 1963 and, by charter 1942. Senior army, navy, and air force amendment, opened its membership to officers from 25 member nations staff the non-African countries in 1982. Its various agencies of the Board. Its four mandate is to contribute to the major agencies are: the Council of economic development and social Delegates, the decisionmaking body; the progress of its regional members. Bank International Staff; the Inter-American members total 77, including 53 African Defense College; and the Secretariat, countries and 24 nonregional countries. which provides administrative and Ownership of the Bank, by charter, is logistical support. two-thirds African and one-third The Board studies and recommends to nonregional. member governments measures The African Development Fund necessary for close military collaboration (AFDF), the concessional lending in preparation for the collective self- 740 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL defense of the American Continents. It IBRD. The Association’s resources also acts as a technical military adviser consist of subscriptions and for the Organization of American States, supplementary resources in the form of and is involved in projects such as general replenishments, mostly from its disaster relief planning and demining more industrialized and developed programs in Central America. members; special contributions by its The College prepares senior military richer members; repayments on earlier officers and civilian functionaries for credits; and transfers from IBRD’s net positions in their respective earnings. governments. The Association promotes economic development, increases productivity, and Inter-American Development Bank raises the standard of living in the least Headquarters: 1300 New York Avenue NW., developed areas of the world. It does Washington, DC 20577. Phone, 202–623– this by financing their developmental 1000 requirements on concessionary terms, which are more flexible and bear less President: Enrique V. Iglesias heavily on the balance of payments than The Inter-American Development Bank those of conventional loans, thereby (IDB) was established in 1959 to help furthering the objectives of IBRD and accelerate economic and social supplementing its activities. development in Latin America and the Caribbean. It is based in Washington, International Finance Corporation DC. Headquarters: 1850 ‘‘I’’ Street NW., The Bank has 28 member countries in Washington, DC 20433. Phone, 202–477– the Western Hemisphere and 18 outside 1234 of the region. President: James D. Wolfensohn International Bank for Executive Vice President: Jannik Lindbaek Reconstruction and Development The International Finance Corporation Headquarters: 1818 H Street NW., (IFC), an affiliate of the World Bank, was Washington, DC 20433. Phone, 202–477– established in July 1956, to promote 1234 productive private enterprise in developing member countries. President: James D. Wolfensohn The Corporation pursues its objective The International Bank for principally through direct debt and Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), equity investments in projects that also known as the World Bank, officially establish new businesses or expand, came into existence on December 27, modify, or diversify existing businesses. 1945. It also encourages cofinancing by other The Bank’s purpose is to promote investors and lenders. For every dollar of economic, social, and environmental financing approved by IFC for its own progress in developing nations by raising account, other investors and lenders productivity so that their people may live provide almost six dollars. better and fuller lives. It does this by Additionally, advisory services and lending funds at market-determined technical assistance are provided by IFC interest rates, providing advice, and to developing member countries in areas serving as a catalyst to stimulate outside such as capital market development, investments. Its resources come primarily privatization, corporate restructuring, from funds raised in the world capital and foreign investment. markets, its retained earnings, and repayments on its loans. International Monetary Fund International Development Association 700 Nineteenth Street NW., Washington, DC The International Development 20431. Phone, 202–623–7000 Association (IDA) came into existence on Managing Director and Chairman of the September 24, 1960, as an affiliate of Executive Board: Michel Camdessus MULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS 741

The Final Act of the United Nations 1992. Under this amendment, a Monetary and Financial Conference, member’s voting rights and certain signed at Bretton Woods, NH, on July related rights may be suspended by a 22, 1944, set forth the original Articles 70-percent majority of the executive of Agreement of the International board if the member, having been Monetary Fund (IMF). The Agreement declared ineligible to use the general became effective on December 27, resources of the Fund, persists in its 1945, when the President, authorized by failure to fulfill any of its obligations the Bretton Woods Agreements Act (22 under the Articles. U.S.C. 286) accepted membership for the United States in IMF, the Agreement As of April 30, 1997, IMF had 181 having thus been accepted by countries member countries. Total quotas were whose combined financial commitments SDR 145 billion (equivalent to (quotas) equaled approximately 80 approximately $200 billion). percent of IMF’s total commitments. The The purposes of IMF are to promote inaugural meeting of the Board of international monetary cooperation Governors was held in March 1946, and through a permanent institution that the first meeting of the Executive provides the machinery for consultation Directors was held May 6, 1946. On May 31, 1968, the Board of and collaboration on international Governors approved an amendment to monetary problems; to facilitate the the Articles of Agreement for the expansion and balanced growth of establishment of a facility based on international trade; to promote exchange Special Drawing Rights (SDR) in IMF and stability; to assist in the establishment of for modification of certain IMF rules and a multilateral system of payments for practices. The amendment became current transactions between members; effective on July 28, 1969, and the and to give confidence to members by Special Drawing Account became making IMF resources temporarily operative on August 6, 1969. United available to them under adequate States acceptance of the amendment and safeguards. participation in the Special Drawing In accordance with these purposes, Account were authorized by the Special IMF seeks to shorten the duration and Drawing Rights Act (22 U.S.C. 286 et lessen the degree of imbalance in the seq.). On April 30, 1976, the Board of international balances of payments of Governors approved a second members. It provides financial assistance amendment to the Articles of Agreement, to aid its members in handling balance- which entered into force on April 1, of-payment difficulties through a variety 1978. This amendment gave members of facilities that are designed to address the right to adopt exchange specific problems. These lending arrangements of their choice while mechanisms include stand-by and placing certain obligations on them extended arrangements, as well as regarding their exchange rate policies, separate facilities to provide over which IMF was to exercise firm compensatory and contingency financing surveillance. The official price of gold to countries suffering temporary declines was abolished and the SDR account was in their export earnings, to support promoted as the principal reserve asset structural adjustment programs in the of the international monetary system. poorest countries, and to promote United States acceptance of this systemic transformation in the formerly amendment was authorized by the centrally planned economies during their Bretton Woods Agreements Act transitions to market economies. Amendments (22 U.S.C. 286e–5). On June 28, 1990, the Board of For further information, contact the Chief, Public Affairs Division, External Relations Department, Governors approved a third amendment International Monetary Fund, 700 Nineteenth Street to the Articles of Agreement, which NW., Washington, DC 20431. Phone, 202–623– became effective on November 11, 7300. 742 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

International Organization for for returning migrants, and emergency Migration relief activities at the request of its member states and in cooperation with Headquarters: 17 Route des Morillons, Grand- other international organizations, Saconnex, Geneva. Mailing address, P.O. Box especially U.N. agencies. In addition, it 71, CH-1211, Geneva 19, Switzerland. publishes surveys and sponsors Phone, 011–41–22–717–9111. Fax, 011–41– conferences on migration trends and 22–798–6150. issues. Director General: James N. Purcell, Jr. In the United States, IOM carries out Deputy Director General: Narcisa L. Escaler certain activities for the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program, facilitates sponsor Washington Office: Suite 1110, 1750 K Street prepayment for other U.S.-bound NW., Washington, DC 20006. Phone, 202– immigrants, and operates a limited 862–1826. Fax, 202–862–1879. E-mail, number of return migration programs. In [email protected] addition to Washington, DC, and New Chief of Mission: Hans-Petter Boe York, IOM has offices in Chicago, Los New York Office: Suite 1610, 122 E. 42d Angeles, Miami, and San Francisco. Street, New York, NY 10168. Phone, 212– The Organization comprises 107 states 681–7000. Fax, 212–867–5887. E-mail, (59 members and 48 observers). They [email protected] meet once a year in Geneva as the Chief of Mission: Andrew Bruce Council, to consider global migration issues and the Organization’s work, The International Organization for direction, and budget. Mandatory Migration (IOM), formerly the assessed contributions from member Intergovernmental Committee for states finance IOM’s administrative Migration, was created in 1951 at an budget, whereas its operational budget is international migration conference in funded through voluntary contributions. Brussels sponsored by the United States Member states elect the Director General and Belgium. It was formed outside the and the Deputy Director General, whose U.N. system in order to provide regular terms are 5 years. Several assistance, including health screening international governmental and and transportation, to refugees as well as nongovernmental organizations are to persons not under the protection of invited to observe and address the IOM the U.N. High Commissioner for Council. Refugees, and to be concerned with The Organization has observer status international migration issues in general at U.N. agencies, the Organization of such as the links between migration and American States, and other development. As a technical, nonpolitical organizations. organization committed to the statement that humane and orderly migration Multilateral Investment Guarantee benefits migrants and society, IOM has Agency four strategic objectives: Headquarters: 1818 H Street NW., —to cooperate with its partners in the Washington, DC 20433. Phone, 202–477– international community to assist in 1234 meeting the operational challenges of President: James D. Wolfensohn migration; Executive Vice President: Akira Iida —to advance understanding of migration issues; The Multilateral Investment Guarantee —to encourage social and economic Agency (MIGA), an affiliate of the World development through migration; and Bank, was formally constituted in April —to work toward effective respect of 1988. the human dignity and well-being of Its basic purpose is to facilitate the migrants. flow of foreign private investment for The Organization plans and carries productive purposes to developing out refugee migration schemes, programs member countries by offering long-term MULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS 743 political risk insurance in the areas of constituted governments and will include expropriation, currency transfer, and war among the essential purposes of the and civil disturbance; and by providing Organization the eradication of extreme advisory and consultative services. The poverty, which constitutes an obstacle to Agency cooperates with national the full democratic development of the investment insurance schemes, such as peoples of the hemisphere. A fourth OPIC, and with private insurers. protocol of amendment, the Protocol of Managua 1993 which entered into force Organization of American States on January 29, 1996, established the Inter–American Council for Integral General Secretariat: 1889 F Street NW., Development (CIDI), which replaces the Washington, DC 20006. Phone, 202–458– Inter–American Councils for Economic 3000. Fax, 202–458–3967 and Social Affairs and Education, Secretary General: Ce´sar Gaviria Science and Culture. Assistant Secretary General: Christopher The Organization’s member states are Thomas Argentina, Antigua and Barbuda, Executive Secretary for Integral Development: Commonwealth of the Bahamas, Leonel Zun˜iga, Acting Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Assistant Secretary for Management: James Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Harding Cuba, Commonwealth of Dominica, Assistant Secretary for Legal Affairs: Enrique Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Lagos Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, The Organization of American States Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. (OAS) is a regional, intergovernmental Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent organization whose primary purposes are and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad to strengthen the peace and security of and Tobago, the United States of the continent; to promote and America, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The consolidate representative democracy, present Government of Cuba is excluded with due respect for the principle of from participation by a decision of the nonintervention; to prevent possible Eighth Meeting of Consultation of causes of difficulties and to conciliate Ministers of Foreign Affairs in 1962. disputes that may arise among the Thirty-seven non-American countries, as member states; to provide for common well as the Holy See and the European action by those states in the event of Union, are permanent observers. aggression; to seek the solution of The principal organs of the OAS are: political, juridical, and economic —the General Assembly, which is problems that may arise among them; to normally composed of the foreign promote, by cooperative action, their ministers of the member states and meets economic, social, and cultural at least once a year to decide the development; and to achieve an effective general action and policy of the limitation of conventional weapons that Organization; will make it possible to devote the —the Meeting of Consultation of largest amount of resources to the Ministers of Foreign Affairs, which meets economic and social development of the on call to consider urgent matters of member states. common interest or threats to the peace With roots dating from 1890, the first and security of the hemisphere; OAS Charter was signed in 1948. Two —the Permanent Council, which subsequent protocols of amendment, meets twice a month at OAS Buenos Aires 1967 and Cartagena de headquarters; Indias 1985, gave it its present form. —the Inter-American Council for One additional protocol of amendment, Integral Development; Washington 1992, is currently in the —the Inter-American Juridical ratification process. The Protocol of Committee; Washington will incorporate provisions —the Inter-American Commission on for the protection of democratically Human Rights; and 744 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

—the General Secretariat, which is the Council came into effect on August 31, central and permanent organ, 1965. headquartered in Washington, DC. The United Nations now consists of The Organization has six specialized 185 member states, of which 51 are organizations that handle technical founding members. matters of common interest to the The purposes of the United Nations American States. It also holds specialized set out in the Charter are: to maintain conferences on specific technical international peace and security; to matters. develop friendly relations among nations; to achieve international For further information, contact the Director, cooperation in solving international Department of Public Information, Organization of American States, Seventeenth Street and problems of an economic, social, Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20006. cultural, or humanitarian character and Phone, 202–458–3760. Fax, 202–458–6421. in promoting respect for human rights; and to be a center for harmonizing the United Nations actions of nations in the attainment of United Nations, New York, NY 10017. these common ends. Phone, 212–963–1234 The principal organs of the United Secretary-General: Kofi A. Annan Nations are: General Assembly All states that are United Nations Office at Geneva: Palais des members of the United Nations are Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland members of the General Assembly. Its Director-General: Antoine Blanca functions are to consider and discuss any matter within the scope of the Charter of United Nations Office at Vienna: Vienna the United Nations and to make International Centre, P.O. Box 500, A–1400, recommendations to the members of the Vienna, Austria United Nations and other organs. It Director-General: Giorgio Giacomelli approves the budget of the organization, Washington, DC, Office: U.N. Information the expenses of which are borne by the Centre, Suite 400, 1775 K Street NW., members as apportioned by the General Washington, DC 20006. Phone, 202–331– Assembly. 8670. Fax, 202–331–9191 The General Assembly may call the attention of the Security Council to Director: Joe Sills situations likely to endanger international The United Nations is an international peace and security, may initiate studies, organization that was set up in and may receive and consider reports accordance with the Charter 1 drafted by from other organs of the United Nations. governments represented at the Under the ‘‘Uniting for Peace’’ Conference on International resolution adopted by the General Organization meeting at San Francisco. Assembly in November 1950, if the The Charter was signed on June 26, Security Council fails to act on an 1945, and came into force on October apparent threat to or breach of the peace 24, 1945, when the required number of or act of aggression because of lack of ratifications and accessions had been unanimity of its five permanent made by the signatories. Amendments members, the Assembly itself may take increasing membership of the Security up the matter within 24 hours—in Council and the Economic and Social emergency special session—and recommend collective measures, 1 Charter of the United Nations, together with the including, in case of a breach of the Statute of the International Court of Justice peace or act of aggression, use of armed (Department of State Publication No. 2353, force when necessary to maintain or International Organization and Conference Series III, restore international peace and security. 21), June 26, 1945. Available for sale from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing The General Assembly has held to Office, Washington, DC 20402. Phone, 202–512– date 50 regular sessions, 18 special 1800. sessions, and 11 emergency special MULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS 745 sessions. It normally meets in regular The Council usually holds two regular annual session in September. sessions a year. It has also held a Security Council The Security Council number of special sessions. consists of 15 members, of which 5—the Trusteeship Council The Trusteeship People’s Republic of China, France, Council was initially established to Russia, the United Kingdom, and the consist of any member states that United States of America—are administered trust territories, permanent permanent members and are elected members of the Security Council that did each year. The 10 nonpermanent not administer trust territories, and members are elected for 2-year terms by enough other nonadministering countries the General Assembly. The primary elected by the General Assembly for 3- responsibility of the Security Council is year terms to ensure that membership to act on behalf of the members of the would be equally divided between United Nations in maintenance of administering and nonadministering international peace and security. members. Under authority of the Measures that may be employed by the General Assembly, the Council Security Council are outlined in the considered reports from members Charter. administering trust territories, examined The Security Council, together with petitions from trust territory inhabitants, the General Assembly, also elects the and provided for periodic inspection judges of the International Court of visits to trust territories. Justice and makes a recommendation to With the independence of Palau, the the General Assembly on the last remaining U.N. trust territory, the appointment of the Secretary General of Trusteeship Council formally suspended the organization. operations after nearly half a century. The council will henceforth meet only The Security Council first met in on an extraordinary basis, as the need London on January 17, 1946, and is so may arise. organized as to be able to function International Court of Justice The continuously. International Court of Justice is the Economic and Social Council This principal judicial organ of the United organ is responsible, under the authority Nations. It has its seat at The Hague, The of the General Assembly, for the Netherlands. All members of the United economic and social programs of the Nations are ipso facto parties to the United Nations. Its functions include Statute of the Court. Nonmembers of the making or initiating studies, reports, and United Nations may become parties to recommendations on international the Statute of the Court on conditions economic, social, cultural, educational, prescribed by the General Assembly on health, and related matters; promoting the recommendation of the Security respect for and observance of human Council. rights and fundamental freedoms for all; The jurisdiction of the Court comprises calling international conferences and all cases that the parties refer to it and preparing draft conventions for all matters specially provided for in the submission to the General Assembly on Charter of the United Nations or in matters within its competence; treaties and conventions in force. negotiating agreements with the The Court consists of 15 judges known specialized agencies and defining their as ‘‘members’’ of the Court. They are relationship with the United Nations; elected for 9-year terms by the General coordinating the activities of the Assembly and the Security Council, specialized agencies; and consulting voting independently, and may be with nongovernmental organizations reelected. concerned with matters within its Secretariat The Secretariat consists of a competence. The Council consists of 54 Secretary-General and ‘‘such staff as the members of the United Nations elected Organization may require.’’ The by the General Assembly for 3-year Secretary-General, who is appointed by terms; 18 are elected each year. the General Assembly on the 746 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL recommendation of the Security Council, Under the Charter, the Secretary-General is the chief administrative officer of the ‘‘may bring to the attention of the United Nations. He acts in that capacity Security Council any matter that in his for the General Assembly, the Security opinion may threaten the maintenance Council, the Economic and Social of international peace and security.’’ Council, and the Trusteeship Council. SELECTED BILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS

International Boundary Commission, Regional Office: 100 Ouellette Avenue, United States and Canada Windsor, ON N9A 6T3; or P.O. Box United States Section: Suite 100, 1250 32869, Detroit MI 48232. Phone, 519– 23d Street NW., Washington, DC 20037. 257–6700 or 313–226–2170. Fax, 519– Phone, 202–736–9100. 257–6740. Canadian Section: Room 571, 615 Booth Street, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E9. Phone, Joint Mexican-United States Defense 613–992–1294. Commission International Boundary and Water United States Section: Suite 509, 1111 Commission, United States and Mexico Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA United States Section: Suite C–310, 4171 22202. Phone, 703–604–0482 or 703– North Mesa Street, El Paso, TX 79902. 604–0483. Phone, 915–534–6700. Mexican Section: 1911 Pennsylvania Mexican Section: No. 2168, Avenida Avenue NW., Mexican Embassy, Sixth Universidad, Ciudad Jua´rez, Chihuahua, Mexico 32320; or P.O. Box 10525, El Floor, Washington, DC 20006. Phone, Paso, TX 79995. Phone, 011–52–161– 202–728–1748. 37311. Permanent Joint Board on Defense— International Joint Commission—United United States and Canada States and Canada United States Section: Suite 511, 1111 United States Section: Suite 100, 1250 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 23d Street NW., Washington, DC 20440. 22202. Phone, 703–604–0488. Fax, Phone, 202–736–9000. Fax, 202–736– 703–604–0486. 9015. Canadian Section: 100 Metcalfe Street, Canadian Section: National Defense Ottawa, ON K1P 5M1. Phone, 613– Headquarters, 125 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, 995–2984. Fax, 613–993–5583. ON K1A 0G2. Phone, 613–992–5457.

747

Appendices

APPENDIX A: Commonly Used Abbreviations and Acronyms

AARC Alternative Agricultural AMS Agricultural Marketing Research and Service Commercialization Amtrak National Railroad Center Passenger Corporation ABMC American Battle ANA Administration for Native Monuments Commission Americans ACDA United States Arms AOA Administration on Aging Control and APHIS Animal and Plant Health Disarmament Agency Inspection Service ACF Administration for ARC Appalachian Regional Children and Families Commission ACYF Administration on ARS Agricultural Research Children, Youth, and Service Families ATF Bureau of Alcohol, ADA Americans with Tobacco, and Firearms Disabilities Act of 1990 ATSDR Agency for Toxic ADB Asian Development Bank Substances and Disease ADD Administration on Registry Developmental BEA Bureau of Economic Disabilities Analysis AFAA Air Force Audit Agency BIA Bureau of Indian Affairs AFBCMR Air Force Review Board for Correction of Military BIC Business Information Records Center (SBA) AFCARA Air Force Civilian BJA Bureau of Justice Appellate Review Assistance Agency BJS Bureau of Justice AFDB African Development Statistics Bank BLM Bureau of Land AFDC Aid to Families with Management Dependent Children BLS Bureau of Labor Statistics AFDF African Development BTS Bureau of Transportation Fund Statistics AFSC Armed Forces Staff BVA Board of Veterans’ College Appeals AGRICOLA Agricultural Online C3I Command, Control, Access Communications, and AHCPR Agency for Health Care Intelligence Policy and Research C4 Command, Control, AmeriCorps AmeriCorps*National Communications, and NCCC Civilian Community Computers Corps 749 750 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

C4I Command, Control, DCMC Defense Contract Communications, Management Command Computers, and DEA Drug Enforcement Intelligence Administration CALS Continuous Acquisition DIA Defense Intelligence and Life-Cycle Support Agency CBO Congressional Budget DIS Defense Investigative Office Service CCC Commodity Credit DISA Defense Information Corporation Systems Agency CDBG Community DLA Defense Logistics Agency Development Block DLSA Defense Legal Services Grant Agency CDC Centers for Disease DOC Department of Control and Prevention Commerce CEA Council of Economic DOD Department of Defense Advisers DOE Department of Energy CEOS Child Exploitation and DOL Department of Labor Obscenity Section DOT Department of (Justice) Transportation CEQ Council on DSWA Defense Special Environmental Quality Weapons Agency CFA Commission of Fine Arts DTSA Defense Technology CFR Code of Federal Security Administration Regulations EDA Economic Development CFTC Commodity Futures Administration Trading Commission EEOC Equal Employment CIA Central Intelligence Opportunity Commission Agency EO Executive order CITES Convention on EOUSA Executive Office for International Trade in United States Attorneys Endangered Species of EPA Environmental Protection Wild Fauna and Flora Agency CNO Chief of Naval ERS Economic Research Operations Service COPS Office of Community Ex-Im Bank Export-Import Bank of Oriented Policing the United States Services (Justice) FAA Federal Aviation CPSC Consumer Product Safety Administration Commission Fannie Mae Federal National CRS Congressional Research Mortgage Association Service Farmer Mac Federal Agricultural CSAP Center for Substance Mortgage Corporation Abuse Prevention FAS Foreign Agricultural CSAT Center for Substance Service Abuse Treatment FBI Federal Bureau of CSE Office of Child Support Investigation Enforcement FCC Federal Communications CSREES Cooperative State Commission Research, Education, and FCS Food and Consumer Extension Service Service CSS Central Security Service FDA Food and Drug DA Department of the Army Administration DARPA Defense Advanced FDIC Federal Deposit Research Projects Insurance Corporation Agency FEB’s Federal Executive Boards DCAA Defense Contract Audit FEC Federal Election Agency Commission APPENDIX A 751

FEDRIP Federal Research in HRSA Health Resources and Progress Database Services Administration FEMA Federal Emergency HUD Department of Housing Management Agency and Urban Development FERC Federal Energy HUMINT Defense Human Regulatory Commission Intelligence Service FFB Federal Financing Bank IAF Inter-American FHA Federal Housing Foundation Administration IBRD International Bank for FHWA Federal Highway Reconstruction and Administration Development FIA Federal Insurance IDB Inter-American Administration Development Bank FICO Financing Corporation IDCA United States FIRS Federal Information International Relay Service Development FLRA Federal Labor Relations Cooperation Agency Authority IFC International Finance FMC Federal Maritime Corporation Commission IHA’s Indian Housing FMCS Federal Mediation and Authorities Conciliation Service IHS Indian Health Service FMS Financial Management ILAB Bureau of International Service Labor Affairs FNCS Food, Nutrition, and ILO International Labor Consumer Services Organization FNMA Federal National IMF International Monetary Mortgage Association Fund FOIA Freedom of Information Act IMLS Institute of Museum and Library Services FR Federal Register INF Intermediate-range FRS Federal Reserve System nuclear forces FSA Farm Service Agency INS Immigration and FSIS Food Safety and Naturalization Service Inspection Service INTERPOL International Criminal FSS Federal Supply Service Police Organization FTC Federal Trade Commission IOM International Organization for FWS Fish and Wildlife Service Migration GAO General Accounting Office IRMC Information Resources Management College GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade IRS Internal Revenue Service Ginnie Mae Government National ISOO Information Security Mortgage Association Oversight Office GIPSA Grain Inspection, ITA International Trade Packers, and Stockyards Administration Administration JAG Judge Advocate General GNMA Government National JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff Mortgage Association LMI Office of One-Stop/Labor GPO Government Printing Market Information Office (Labor) GSA General Services MA Maritime Administration Administration MASINT Central Measurement HCFA Health Care Financing and Signals Intelligence Administration Office HHS Department of Health MBDA Minority Business and Human Services Development Agency 752 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

MHSS Military Health Services NRCS Natural Resources System Conservation Service MIGA Multilateral Investment NSA National Security Agency Guarantee Agency NSC National Security MMS Minerals Management Council Service NSF National Science MSHA Mine Safety and Health Foundation Administration NTIA National MSPB Merit Systems Protection Telecommunications and Board Information NARA National Archives and Administration Records Administration NTID National Technical NASA National Aeronautics and Institute for the Deaf Space Administration NTIS National Technical NASS National Agricultural Information Service Statistics Service (Commerce) NATO North Atlantic Treaty NTSB National Transportation Organization Safety Board NCPC National Capital OAS Organization of Planning Commission American States NCRR National Center for OCC Office of the Comptroller Research Resources of the Currency NCS National Cemetery (Treasury) System OCHAMPUS Office of Civilian Health NCUA National Credit Union and Medical Program of Administration the Uniformed Services NEA National Endowment for OCS Officer Candidate School the Arts OECD Organization for NEH National Endowment for Economic Cooperation the Humanities and Development NHI National Highway OGE Office of Government Institute Ethics NHPRC National Historical OMB Office of Management Publications and Records and Budget Commission OPIC Overseas Private NHTSA National Highway Traffic Investment Corporation Safety Administration OPM Office of Personnel NIH National Institutes of Management Health ORR Office of Refugee NIJ National Institute of Resettlement Justice OSC Office of Special Counsel NIMA National Imagery and OSDBU Office of Small and Mapping Agency Disadvantaged Business NIMH National Institute of Utilization (Commerce) Mental Health OSHA Occupational Safety and NIST National Institute of Health Administration Standards and OSHRC Occupational Safety and Technology Health Review NLM National Library of Commission Medicine OSM Office of Surface Mining NLRB National Labor Relations Reclamation and Board Enforcement NOAA National Oceanic and OTS Office of Thrift Atmospheric Supervision Administration OWBO Office of Women’s NPS National Park Service Business Ownership NRC Nuclear Regulatory PASS Procurement Automated Commission Source System (SBA) APPENDIX A 753

PBGC Pension Benefit Guaranty TDA Trade and Development Corporation Agency PBS Public Buildings Service TPCC Trade Promotion PCC Panama Canal Coordinating Committee Commission TVA Tennessee Valley PHA’s Public Housing Agencies Authority PHS Public Health Service U.N. United Nations 1 POW/MP Prisoner of War/Missing UNESCO United Nations Personnel Educational, Scientific PRC Postal Rate Commission and Cultural PSC Program Support Center Organization (Health and Human UNHCR United Nations High Services) Commissioner for PTO Patent and Trademark Refugees Program Office UNICEF United Nations PWBA Pension and Welfare Children’s Fund (formerly Benefits Administration United Nations RHS Rural Housing Service International Children’s RICO Racketeer Influenced and Emergency Fund) Corrupt Organizations UNICOR Federal Prison Industries, RIT Rochester Institute of Inc. Technology USA United States Army RMA Risk Management USAF United States Air Force Agency (Agriculture) USAID United States Agency for ROTC Reserve Officer Training International Corps Development RRB Railroad Retirement U.S.C. United States Code Board USCG United States Coast RSPA Research and Special Guard Programs Administration USDA United States (Transportation) Department of RTB Rural Telephone Bank Agriculture RUS Rural Utilities Service USFA United States Fire SAIF Savings Association Administration Insurance Fund USGS United States Geological SAMHSA Substance Abuse and Survey Mental Health Services USIA United States Information Administration Agency SBA Small Business USITC United States Administration International Trade SEC Securities and Exchange Commission Commission USMC United States Marine SITES Smithsonian Institution Corps Traveling Exhibition USN United States Navy Service SSA Social Security VA Department of Veterans Administration Affairs SSI Supplemental Security VETS Veterans’ Employment Income Program and Training Service SSS Selective Service System VISTA Volunteers in Service to START Strategic Arms Reduction America Treaty Stat. United States Statutes at Large TASC Transportation 1 Acronyms for other U.N. agencies can be found Administrative Service under Selected Multilateral Organizations in the Center preceding text. 754 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

VOA Voice of America WNET Women’s Network for WHO World Health Entrepreneurial Training Organization (SBA) WIC Special supplemental WTO World Trade food program for Organization Women, Infants, and YCC Youth Conservation Children Corps APPENDIX B: Federal Executive Agencies Terminated, Transferred, or Changed in Name Subsequent to March 4, 1933

NOTE: Italicized terms indicate obsolete agencies, organizations, and entities. In most instances, explanatory remarks are written at those terms elsewhere in this appendix. Dates prior to March 4, 1933, are included to provide additional information about the agencies. This appendix is indexed in a format considered to be useful to the reader. Entries are carried at the most significant term in their titles, or when there is more than one significant term, the entry is carried at the first significant term. Thus, Bureau of the Budget is found at Budget, Bureau of the, and Bureau of Agricultural Engineering is found at Agricultural Engineering, Bureau of. Reader comments on the format are encouraged and should be sent to the address shown on page iv of the Manual.

Accounts, Bureau of Functions transferred to and functions transferred to Bureau of Naval Bureau of Government Financial Operations by Weapons. Treasury Order 229 of Jan. 14, 1974. Aeronautics, National Advisory Committee for Acquisition, Office of Under Secretary of Defense Established by act of Mar. 3, 1915 (38 Stat. 930). for Renamed Office of Under Secretary of Defense Terminated by act of July 29, 1958 (72 Stat. 432), for Acquisition and Technology by act of Nov. 30, and functions transferred to National Aeronautics 1993 (107 Stat. 1728). and Space Administration, established by same act.

ACTION Established by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1971 Aeronautics, Office of Renamed Office of (5 U.S.C. app.), effective July 1, 1971. Reorganized Aeronautics and Space Transportation Technology by act of Oct. 1, 1973 (87 Stat. 405). Functions by Administrator’s order of Feb. 24, 1997. relating to SCORE and ACT programs transferred to Small Business Administration by EO 11871 of July Aeronautics Administration, Civil See Aeronautics 18, 1975 (40 FR 30915). Functions exercised by the Authority, Civil Director of ACTION prior to Mar. 31, 1995, transferred to the Corporation for National and Aeronautics Authority, Civil Established under act Community Service (107 Stat. 888 and Proclamation of June 23, 1938 (52 Stat. 973). Renamed Civil 6662 of Apr. 4, 1994 (57 FR 16507)). Aeronautics Board and Administrator transferred to Commerce Department by Reorg. Plan Nos. III and Acts of Congress See State Department IV of 1940, effective June 30, 1940. Office of Administrator designated Civil Aeronautics Administrative Conference of the United States Administration by Department Order 52 of Aug. 29, Established by act of Aug. 30, 1964 (78 Stat. 615). 1940. Administration transferred to Federal Aviation Terminated by act of Nov. 19, 1995 (109 Stat. 480). Agency by act of Aug. 23, 1958 (72 Stat. 810). Advanced Research Projects Agency See Defense Functions of Board under act of Aug. 23, 1958 (72 Advanced Research Projects Agency Stat. 775), transferred to National Transportation Safety Board by act of Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 931). Advisory Board, Commission, Committee. See Functions of Board terminated or transferred— other part of title effective in part Dec. 31, 1981; in part Jan. 1, 1983; and in part Jan. 1, 1985—by act of Aug. 23, 1958 Aeronautical Board Organized in 1916 by (92 Stat. 1744). Most remaining functions transferred agreement of War and Navy Secretaries. Placed to Transportation Secretary, remainder to U.S. Postal under supervision of President by military order of Service. Termination of Board finalized by act of July 5, 1939. Dissolved by Defense Secretary’s letter Oct. 4, 1984 (98 Stat. 1703). of July 27, 1948, and functions transferred to Munitions Board and Research and Development Aeronautics Board, Civil See Aeronautics Board. Military order of July 5, 1939, revoked by Authority, Civil military order of Oct. 18, 1948. Aeronautics Branch Established in Commerce Aeronautics, Bureau of Established in Navy Department to carry out provisions of act of May 20, Department by act of July 12, 1921 (42 Stat. 140). 1926 (44 Stat. 568). Renamed Bureau of Air Abolished by act of Aug. 18, 1959 (73 Stat. 395) Commerce by Secretary’s administrative order of July 755 756 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

1, 1934. Personnel and property transferred to Civil Agricultural Conservation and Adjustment Aeronautics Authority by EO 7959 of Aug. 22, 1938. Administration Established by EO 9069 of Feb. 23, 1942, consolidating Agricultural Adjustment Agency, Aeronautics and Space Council, National Sugar Agency, Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, Established by act of July 29, 1958 (72 Stat. 427). and Soil Conservation Service. Consolidated into Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1973, effective Food Production Administration by EO 9280 of Dec. June 30, 1973. 5, 1942.

Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service Agricultural Conservation Program Service Established on June 5, 1961, by Secretary of Established by Agriculture Secretary Jan. 21, 1953, Agriculture under authority of revised statutes (5 from part of Production and Marketing U.S.C. 301) and Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1953 (5 U.S.C. Administration. Merged with Commodity app.). Abolished by Secretary’s Memorandum 1010– Stabilization Service by Secretary’s Memorandum 1 dated Oct.r 20, 1994. Functions assumed by 1446, supp. 2, of Apr. 19, 1961. Consolidated Farm Service Agency. Agricultural Developmental Service, International Aging, Administration on Established by Health, Established by Agriculture Secretary’s memorandum Education, and Welfare Secretary on Oct. 1, 1965, of July 12, 1963. Functions and delegations of to carry out provisions of act of July 14, 1965 (79 authority transferred to Foreign Agricultural Service by Secretary’s memorandum of Mar. 28, 1969. Stat. 218). Reassigned to Social and Rehabilitation Functions transferred by Secretary to Foreign Service by Department reorganization of Aug. 15, Economic Development Service Nov. 8, 1969. 1967. Transferred to Office of Assistant Secretary for Human Development by Secretary’s order of June Agricultural Economics, Bureau of Established by 15, 1973. Transferred to the Office of the Secretary act of May 11, 1931 (42 Stat. 532). Functions of Health and Human Services by Secretary’s transferred to other units of Agriculture Department, reorganization notice dated Apr. 15, 1991. including Consumer and Marketing Service and Agricultural Research Service, under Secretary’s Aging, Federal Council on Established by Memorandum 1320, supp. 4, of Nov. 2, 1953. Presidential memorandum of Apr. 2, 1956. Reconstituted at Federal level by Presidential letter Agricultural Engineering, Bureau of Established by of Mar. 7, 1959, to Health, Education, and Welfare act of Feb. 23, 1931 (46 Stat. 1266). Merged with Secretary. Abolished by EO 11022 of May 15, 1962, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils by Secretarial order of which established President’s Council on Aging. Oct. 16, 1938, to form Bureau of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering. Aging, Office of Established by Health, Education, and Welfare Secretary June 2, 1955, as Special Staff Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Bureau of on Aging. Terminated Sept. 30, 1965, and functions Bureau of Chemistry and Bureau of Soils, created in assumed by Administration on Aging. 1901, combined into Bureau of Chemistry and Soils by act of Jan. 18, 1927 (44 Stat. 976). Soils units Aging, President’s Council on Established by EO transferred to other agencies of Agriculture 11022 of May 14, 1962. Terminated by EO 11022, Department and remaining units of Bureau of which was revoked by EO 12379 of Aug. 17, 1982. Chemistry and Soils and Bureau of Agricultural Engineering consolidated with Bureau of Agricultural Agricultural Adjustment Administration Chemistry and Engineering by Secretary’s order of Established by act of May 12, 1933 (48 Stat. 31). Oct. 16, 1938. In February 1943 agricultural Consolidated into Agricultural Conservation and engineering research made part of Bureau of Plant Adjustment Administration as Agricultural Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, and Adjustment Agency, Agriculture Department, by EO organization for continuing agricultural chemistry 9069 of Feb. 23, 1942. Grouped with other agencies research relating to crop utilization named Bureau of to form Food Production Administration by EO 9280 Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, in accordance of Dec. 5, 1942. Transferred to War Food with Research Administration Memorandum 5 issued Administration by EO 9322 of Mar. 26, 1943. pursuant to EO 9069 of Feb. 23, 1942, and in Administration terminated by EO 9577 of June 29, conformity with Secretary’s Memorandums 960 and 1945, and functions transferred to Agriculture 986. Functions transferred to Agricultural Research Secretary. Transfer made permanent by Reorg. Plan Service under Secretary’s Memorandum 1320, supp. No. 3 of 1946, effective July 16, 1946. Functions of 4, of Nov. 2, 1953. Agricultural Adjustment Agency consolidated with Production and Marketing Administration by Agricultural Library, National Established by Secretary’s Memorandum 1118 of Aug. 18, 1945. Agriculture Secretary’s Memorandum 1496 of Mar. 23, 1962. Consolidated into Science and Education Agricultural Adjustment Agency See Agricultural Administration by Secretary’s order of Jan. 24, 1978. Adjustment Administration Reestablished as National Agricultural Library by Secretary’s order of June 16, 1981. Became part of Agricultural Advisory Commission, National Agricultural Research Service in 1994 under Established by EO 10472 of July 20, 1953. Department of Agriculture reorganization. Terminated Feb. 4, 1965, on resignation of members. Agricultural Marketing Administration Established by EO 9069 of Feb. 23, 1942, consolidating Surplus Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering, Bureau of Marketing Administration, Agricultural Marketing See Agricultural Engineering, Bureau of Service, and Commodity Exchange Administration. APPENDIX B 757

Division of Consumers’ Counsel transferred to Military Personnel Center (formerly Air Force Administration by Secretary’s memorandum of Feb. Manpower and Personnel Center) in 1978. 28, 1942. Consolidated into Food Distribution Reestablished as separate operating unit of Air Force, Administration in Agriculture Department by EO effective Mar. 1, 1985, by Secretarial order. 9280 of Dec. 5, 1942. Air Force Manpower and Personnel Center Certain Agricultural Marketing Service Established by functions transferred on activation of Air Force Agriculture Secretary pursuant to act of June 30, Management Engineering Agency, which was made 1939 (53 Stat. 939). Merged into Agricultural separate operating unit from Air Force Manpower Marketing Administration by EO 9069 of Feb. 23, and Personnel Center (later Air Force Military 1942. Renamed Consumer and Marketing Service by Personnel Center) in April 1985 by general order of Secretary’s Memorandum 1567, supp. 1, of Feb. 8, Chief of Staff. 1965. Reestablished as Agricultural Marketing Service by Agriculture Secretary on Apr. 2, 1972, Air Force Medical Service Center Renamed Air under authority of Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1953 (67 Force Office of Medical Support by Program Action Stat. 633). Directive 85–1 of Mar. 6, 1985, approved by Air Force Vice Chief of Staff. Agricultural Relations, Office of Foreign See Agricultural Service, Foreign Air Mail, Bureau of Established in Interstate Commerce Commission to carry out provisions of Agricultural Research Administration Established act of June 12, 1934 (48 Stat. 933). Personnel and by EO 9069 of Feb. 23, 1942. Superseded by property transferred to Civil Aeronautics Authority by Agricultural Research Service. EO 7959 of Aug. 22, 1938. Agricultural Research Service Established by Air Patrol, Civil Established in Civilian Defense Agriculture Secretary’s Memorandum 1320, supp. 4, Office by Administrative Order 9 of Dec. 8, 1941. of Nov. 2, 1953. Consolidated into Science and Transferred to War Department as auxiliary of Army Education Administration by Secretary’s order of Jan. Air Forces by EO 9339 of Apr. 29, 1943. Transferred 24, 1978. Reestablished as Agricultural Research to Air Force Department by Defense Secretary’s Service by Secretarial order of June 16, 1981. order of May 21, 1948. Established as civilian auxiliary of U.S. Air Force by act of May 26, 1948 Agricultural Service, Foreign Established by act of (62 Stat. 274). June 5, 1930 (46 Stat. 497). Economic research and agricultural attache´ activities administered by Air Safety Board Established by act of June 23, Foreign Agricultural Service Division, Bureau of 1938 (52 Stat. 973). Functions transferred to Civil Agricultural Economics, until June 29, 1939. Aeronautics Board by Reorg. Plan No. IV of 1940, Transferred by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective effective June 30, 1940. July 1, 1939, from Agriculture Department to State Department. Economic research functions of Airways Modernization Board Established by act of Division transferred to Office of Foreign Agricultural Aug. 14, 1957 (71 Stat. 349). Transferred to Federal Relations June 30, 1939. Functions of Office Aviation Agency by EO 10786 of Nov. 1, 1958. transferred to Foreign Agricultural Service Mar. 10, Alaska, Board of Road Commissioners for 1953. Agricultural attache´s placed in Agriculture Established in War Department by act of Jan. 27, Department by act of Aug. 28, 1954 (68 Stat. 908). 1905 (33 Stat. 616). Functions transferred to Interior Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service Department by act of June 30, 1932 (47 Stat. 446), Established June 5, 1961, by the Secretary of and delegated to Alaska Road Commission. Agriculture under authority of revised statutes (5 Functions transferred to Commerce Department by U.S.C. 301) and Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1953 (5 U.S.C. act of June 29, 1956 (70 Stat. 377), and terminated app.). Abolished and functions assumed by the Farm by act of June 25, 1959 (73 Stat. 145). Service Agency by Secretary’s Memorandum 1010– Alaska, Federal Field Committee for Development 1 dated Oct. 20, 1994 (59 FR 60297, 60299). Planning in Established by EO 11182 of Oct. 2, Agricultural Statistics Division Transferred to 1964. Abolished by EO 11608 of July 19, 1971. Bureau of Agricultural Economics by EO 9069 of Alaska, Federal Reconstruction and Development Feb. 23, 1942. Planning Commission for Established by EO 11150 Agriculture, Division of See Farm Products, of Apr. 2, 1964. Abolished by EO 11182 of Oct. 2, Division of 1964, which established President’s Review Committee for Development Planning in Alaska and Air Commerce, Bureau of See Aeronautics Branch Federal Field Committee for Development Planning in Alaska. Air Coordinating Committee Established Mar. 27, 1945, by interdepartmental memorandum; formally Alaska, President’s Review Committee for established by EO 9781 of Sept. 19, 1946. Development Planning in Established by EO 11182 Terminated by EO 10883 of Aug. 11, 1960, and of Oct. 2, 1964. Superseded by Federal Advisory functions transferred for liquidation to Federal Council on Regional Economic Development Aviation Agency. established by EO 11386 of Dec. 28, 1967. EO 11386 revoked by EO 12553 of Feb. 25, 1986. Air Force Management Engineering Agency Established in 1975 in Air Force as separate Alaska Communication System Operational operating unit. Made subordinate unit of Air Force responsibility vested in Army Secretary by act of 758 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

May 26, 1900 (31 Stat. 206). Transferred to Air 1356). Functions transferred to Health and Human Force Secretary by Defense Secretary’s Services Department by act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 reorganization order of May 24, 1962. Stat. 695). (See also act of Oct. 27, 1986; 100 Stat. 3207–106.) Abolished by act of July 10, 1992 (106 Alaska Engineering Commission See Alaska Stat. 331). Reestablished by act of July 10, 1992 Railroad (106 Stat. 359). Alaska Game Commission Established by act of Alcohol Administration, Federal See Alcohol Jan. 13, 1925 (43 Stat. 740). Expired Dec. 31, 1959, Control Administration, Federal pursuant to act of July 7, 1958 (72 Stat. 339). Alaska International Rail and Highway Commission Alcohol Control Administration, Federal Established by act of Aug. 1, 1956 (70 Stat. 888). Established by EO 6474 of Dec. 4, 1933. Abolished Terminated June 30, 1961, under terms of act. Sept. 24, 1935, on induction into office of Administrator, Federal Alcohol Administration, as Alaska Power Administration Established by provided in act of Aug. 29, 1935 (49 Stat. 977). Interior Secretary in 1967. Transferred to Energy Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, effective Department by act of Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 578). June 30, 1940, and functions consolidated with activities of Internal Revenue Service. Alaska Railroad Built pursuant to act of Mar. 12, 1914 (38 Stat. 305), which created Alaska Alexander Hamilton Bicentennial Commission Engineering Commission. Placed under Interior Established by act of Aug. 20, 1954 (68 Stat. 746). Secretary by EO 2129 of Jan. 26, 1915, and Terminated Apr. 30, 1958. renamed Alaska Railroad by EO 3861 of June 8, 1923. Authority to regulate tariffs granted to Alien Property, Office of Transferred to Civil Interstate Commerce Commission by EO 11107 of Division, Justice Department, by Attorney General Apr. 25, 1963. Authority to operate Railroad Order 249–61 of Sept. 1, 1961. Abolished by EO transferred to Transportation Secretary by act of Oct. 11281 of May 13, 1966, and foreign funds control 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 941), effective Apr. 1, 1967. functions transferred to Office of Foreign Assets Railroad purchased by State of Alaska, effective Jan. Control, Treasury Department. Remaining functions 5, 1985. continued by Civil Division, Justice Department. Remaining functions abolished by act of Aug. 23, Alaska Road Commission See Alaska, Board of 1988 (102 Stat. 1370). Road Commissioners for Alien Property Custodian Appointed by President Alcohol, Bureau of Industrial Established by act of Oct. 22, 1917, under authority of act of Oct. 6, May 27, 1930 (46 Stat. 427). Consolidated into 1917 (40 Stat. 415). Office transferred to Alien Bureau of Internal Revenue by EO 6166 of June 10, Property Division, Justice Department, by EO 6694 1933. Consolidation deferred until May 11, 1934, by EO 6639 of Mar. 10, 1934. Order also transferred to of May 1, 1934. Powers vested in President by act Internal Revenue Commissioner certain functions delegated to Attorney General by EO 8136 of May imposed on Attorney General by act of May 27, 15, 1939. Authority vested in Attorney General by 1930, with relation to enforcement of criminal laws EO’s 6694 and 8136 transferred by EO 9142 of Apr. concerning intoxicating liquors remaining in effect 21, 1942, to Office of Alien Property Custodian, after repeal of 18th amendment; personnel of, and Office for Emergency Management, as provided for appropriations for, Bureau of Industrial Alcohol; and by EO 9095 of Mar. 11, 1942. necessary personnel and appropriations of Bureau of Alien Property Custodian, Office of Established in Prohibition, Justice Department. Office for Emergency Management by EO 9095 of Alcohol, Commissioner of Industrial Office created Mar. 11, 1942. Terminated by EO 9788 of Oct. 14, in Treasury Department by act of May 27, 1930 (46 1946, and functions transferred to Justice Stat. 427). Abolished by EO 6639 of Mar. 10, 1934. Department. Transfer made permanent by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1947, effective July 1, 1947. Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration Established by Health, Education, Alien Property Division See Alien Property and Welfare Secretary by act of May 21, 1972 (88 Custodian Stat. 134). Functions transferred to Health and Human Services Department by act of Oct. 17, 1979 American Republics, Office for Coordination of (93 Stat. 695). Established as an agency of the Public Commercial and Cultural Relations between the Health Service by act of Oct. 27, 1986 (100 Stat. Established by Council of National Defense order 3207–106). Renamed Substance Abuse and Mental approved by President Aug. 16, 1940. Succeeded by Health Services Administration by act of July 10, Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, 1992 (106 Stat. 325). Office for Emergency Management, established by EO 8840 of July 30, 1941. Renamed Office of Inter- Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute American Affairs by EO 9532 of Mar. 23, 1945. on Established within the National Institute of Information functions transferred to State Department Mental Health, Health, Education, and Welfare by EO 9608 of Aug. 31, 1945. Terminated by EO Department by act of Dec. 31, 1970 (84 Stat. 1848). 9710 of Apr. 10, 1946, and functions transferred to Removed from within the National Institute of State Department, functioning as Institute of Inter- Mental Health and made an entity within the American Affairs. Transferred to Foreign Operations Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 7, effective Aug. Administration by act of May 14, 1974 (88 Stat. 1, 1953. APPENDIX B 759

American Revolution Bicentennial Administration National Archives Council, National Historical See American Revolution Bicentennial Commission Publications Commission, National Archives Trust Fund Board, Trustees of the Franklin D. Roosevelt American Revolution Bicentennial Commission Library, and Administrative Committee of the Federal Established by act of July 4, 1966 (80 Stat. 259). Register. Transferred from General Services American Revolution Bicentennial Administration Administration to National Archives and Records established by act of Dec. 11, 1973 (87 Stat. 697), Administration by act of Oct. 19, 1984 (98 Stat. to replace Commission. Administration terminated 2283), along with certain functions of Administrator June 30, 1977, pursuant to terms of act. Certain of General Services transferred to Archivist of the continuing functions transferred to Interior Secretary United States, effective Apr. 1, 1985. by EO 12001 of June 29, 1977. Archives and Records Service, National See American Studies, Office of Renamed American Archives Establishment, National Studies Program by Smithsonian Institution administrative order in 1990. Archives Trust Fund Board, National See Archives Establishment, National American Workplace, Office of the Established by Labor Secretary’s Order No. 2–93 of July 21, 1993. Area Redevelopment Administration Established Terminated due to Congressional budget phaseout of May 8, 1961, by Commerce Secretary pursuant to appropriation. act of May 1, 1961 (75 Stat. 47) and Reorg. Plan Anacostia Neighborhood Museum Renamed No. 5 of 1950, effective May 24, 1950. Terminated Anacostia Museum by Smithsonian Institution Aug. 31, 1965, by act of June 30, 1965 (79 Stat. announcement of Apr. 3, 1987. 195). Functions transferred to Economic Development Administration in Commerce Animal Industry, Bureau of Established in Department by Department Order 4–A, effective Agriculture Department by act of May 29, 1884 (23 Sept. 1, 1965. Stat. 31). Functions transferred to Agricultural Research Service by Secretary’s Memorandum 1320, Arlington Memorial Amphitheater Commission supp. 4, of Nov. 2, 1953. Established by act of Mar. 4, 1921 (41 Stat. 1440). Abolished by act of Sept. 2, 1960 (74 Stat. 739), and Apprenticeship, Federal Committee on Previously functions transferred to Defense Secretary. known as Federal Committee on Apprentice Training, established by EO 6750–C of June 27, Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission 1934. Functioned as part of Division of Labor Established by act of Mar. 4, 1913 (37 Stat. 885; Standards, Labor Department, pursuant to act of D.C. Code (1951 ed.) 8–158). Abolished by EO Aug. 16, 1937 (50 Stat. 664). Transferred to Office 6166 of June 10, 1933, and functions transferred to of Administrator, Federal Security Agency, by EO Office of National Parks, Buildings, and 9139 of Apr. 18, 1942. Transferred to Bureau of Reservations. Training, War Manpower Commission, by EO 9247 of Sept. 17, 1942. Returned to Labor Department by Armed Forces Medical Library Founded in 1836 as EO 9617 of Sept. 19, 1945. Library of the Surgeon General’s Office, U.S. Army. Later known as Army Medical Library, then Armed Architect, Office of the Supervising See Forces Medical Library in 1952. Personnel and Construction Branch property transferred to National Library of Medicine established in Public Health Service by act of Aug. Archive of Folksong Renamed Archive of Folk 3, 1956 (70 Stat. 960). Culture by administrative order of Deputy Librarian of Congress, effective Sept. 21, 1981. Armed Forces Museum Advisory Board, National Established by act of Aug. 30, 1961 (75 Stat. 414). Archives, Office of the National Established in the Functions discontinued due to lack of funding. National Archives and Records Administration. Reorganized by Archivist under Notice 96–260, Armed Services Renegotiation Board Established Sept. 23, 1996, effective Jan. 6, 1997. Functions by Defense Secretary’s directive of July 19, 1948. restructured and transferred to Office of Records Abolished by Defense Secretary’s letter of Jan. 18, Services—Washington, DC. 1952, and functions transferred to Renegotiation Board. Archives Council, National Established by act of June 19, 1934 (48 Stat. 1122). Transferred to Army, Communications Command, U.S. Renamed General Services Administration by act of June 30, U.S. Army Information Systems Command by 1949 (63 Stat. 378). Terminated on establishment of Department General Order No. 26 of July 25, 1984. Federal Records Council by act of Sept. 5, 1950 (64 Stat. 583). Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command, U.S. Renamed U.S. Army Materiel Archives Establishment, National Office of Command by Department General Order No. 28 of Archivist of the U.S. and National Archives created Aug. 15, 1984. by act of June 19, 1934 (48 Stat. 1122). Transferred to General Services Administration by act of June Army and Navy, Joint Board Placed under 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 381), and incorporated as direction of President by military order of July 5, National Archives and Records Service by order of 1939. Abolished Sept. 1, 1947, by joint letter of General Services Administrator, together with Aug. 20, 1947, to President from Secretaries of War functions of Division of the Federal Register, and Navy. 760 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Army and Navy Staff College Established Apr. 23, Oct. 11, 1974 (88 Stat. 1237) and functions 1943, and operated under Joint Chiefs of Staff. transferred to Energy Research and Development Redesignated the National War College, effective Administration and Nuclear Regulatory Commission. July 1, 1946. Aviation, Interdepartmental Committee on Civil Army Specialist Corps Established in War International Established by Presidential letter of Department by EO 9078 of Feb. 26, 1942. June 20, 1935. Terminated on organization of Civil Abolished by War Secretary Oct. 31, 1942, and Aeronautics Authority. functions merged into central Officer Procurement Service. Aviation Agency, Federal Established by act of Aug. 23, 1958 (72 Stat. 731). Transferred to Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Transportation Secretary by act of Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Diseases, National Institute of See Arthritis, Stat. 931). Agency reestablished as Federal Aviation Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases, National Administration by act of Jan 12, 1983 (96 Stat. Institute of 2416).

Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases, Aviation Commission, Federal Established by act of National Institute of Renamed National Institute of June 12, 1934 (48 Stat. 938). Terminated Feb. 1, Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney 1935, under provisions of act. Diseases by Secretary’s order of June 15, 1981, pursuant to act of Dec. 19, 1980 (94 Stat. 3184). Beltsville Research Center Established to operate Renamed National Institute of Diabetes and with other agencies of Agriculture Department under Digestive and Kidney Diseases and National Institute Agricultural Research Administration. Consolidated of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases into Agricultural Research Administration, by act of Nov. 20, 1985 (99 Stat. 820). Agriculture Department, by EO 9069 of Feb. 23, 1942. Arts, Advisory Committee on the Established under authority of act of Sept. 20, 1961 (75 Stat. 527). Biological Service, National Established in the Terminated July 1973 by act of Oct. 6, 1972. Interior Department in 1995 by Secretarial order. Formally abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, Transferred to U.S. Geological Survey as new effective Apr. 1, 1978. Biological Resources Division by Secretarial Order No. 3202, Sept. 30, 1996. Arts, National Council on the Established in Executive Office of the President by act of Sept. 3, Biological Survey, Bureau of Established by 1964 (78 Stat. 905). Transferred to National Secretary’s order July 1, 1885, as part of Division of Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities by act Entomology, Agriculture Department. Made separate of Sept. 29, 1965 (79 Stat. 845). bureau by act of Apr. 23, 1904 (33 Stat. 276). Transferred to Interior Department by Reorg. Plan Assay Commission, Annual Established initially by No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Consolidated act of Apr. 2, 1792 (1 Stat. 250) and by act of Feb. with Bureau of Fisheries into Fish and Wildlife 12, 1873 (Revised Statute sec. 3647; 17 Stat. 432). Service by Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, effective June Terminated and functions transferred to Treasury 30, 1940. Secretary by act of Mar. 14, 1980 (94 Stat. 98). Biological Survey, National Established in the Assistance, Bureau of Public Renamed Bureau of Interior Department by Secretarial Order 3173 of Family Services by order of Health, Education, and Sept. 29, 1993. Renamed National Biological Welfare Secretary, effective Jan. 1, 1962. Functions Service by Secretarial order in 1995. redelegated to Social and Rehabilitation Service by Secretary’s reorganization of Aug. 15, 1967. Blind, Inc., American Printing House for the Established in 1858 as privately owned institution in Assistance Coordinating Committee, Adjustment Louisville, KY. Functions of Treasury Secretary, Established by act of Jan. 3, 1975 (88 Stat. 2040). except that relating to perpetual trust funds, Inactive since 1981. transferred to Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Assistance Payments Administration Established by Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Functions Health, Education, and Welfare Secretary’s performed by Health, Education, and Welfare reorganization of Aug. 15, 1967. Transferred by Department transferred to Education Department. Secretary’s reorganization of Mar. 8, 1977 (42 FR Blind-made Products, Committee on Purchases of 13262), from Social and Rehabilitation Service to Established by act of June 25, 1938 (52 Stat. 1196). Social Security Administration. Renamed Committee for Purchase of Products and Athletics, Interagency Committee on International Services of the Blind and Other Severely Established by EO 11117 of Aug. 13, 1963. Handicapped by act of June 23, 1971 (85 Stat. 77). Terminated by EO 11515 of Mar. 13, 1970. Renamed Committee for Purchase from the Blind and Other Severely Handicapped by act of July 25, Atlantic-Pacific Interoceanic Canal Study 1974 (88 Stat. 392). Renamed Committee for Commission Established by act of Sept. 22, 1964 Purchase From People Who Are Blind or Severely (78 Stat. 990). Terminated Dec. 1, 1970, pursuant to Disabled by act of Oct. 29, 1992 (106 Stat. 4486). terms of act. Blind and Other Severely Handicapped, Committee Atomic Energy Commission Established by act of for Purchase of Products and Services of the See Aug. 1, 1946 (60 Stat. 755). Abolished by act of Blind-made Products, Committee on Purchases of APPENDIX B 761

Blockade and Supply Division Established by State Buildings Commission, Public Established by act of departmental order of Aug. 27, 1943, in Office of July 1, 1916 (39 Stat. 328). Abolished by EO 6166 Foreign Economic Coordination. Office abolished by of June 10, 1933, and functions transferred to Office departmental order of Nov. 6, 1943, pursuant to EO of National Parks, Buildings, and Reservations, 9380 of Sept. 25, 1943, which established Foreign Interior Department. Functions transferred to Public Economic Administration. Buildings Administration, Federal Works Agency, under Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, Board. See other part of title 1939.

Bond and Spirits Division Established as Taxes and Buildings Management, Branch of Functions of Penalties Unit, as announced by Assistant to National Park Service (except those relating to Attorney General in departmental circular of May monuments and memorials) consolidated with 25, 1934, pursuant to EO 6639 of May 10, 1934. Public Buildings Branch, Procurement Division, Abolished by administrative order of October 1942, Treasury Department, to form Public Buildings and functions transferred to Tax, Claims, and Administration, Federal Works Agency, in Criminal Divisions, Justice Department. accordance with Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective Bonneville Power Administration Established by July 1, 1939. Interior Secretary pursuant to act of Aug. 20, 1937 Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital, (50 Stat. 731). Transferred to Energy Department by Office of Public Established by act of Feb. 26, act of Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 578). 1925 (43 Stat. 983), by consolidation of Office of Boston National Historic Sites Commission Public Buildings and Grounds under Chief of Established by joint resolution of June 16, 1955 (69 Engineers, U.S. Army, and Office of Superintendent Stat. 137). Terminated June 16, 1960, by act of Feb. of State, War, and Navy Department Buildings. 19, 1957 (71 Stat. 4). Abolished by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933, and functions transferred to Office of National Parks, Brazil-U.S. Defense Commission, Joint Established Buildings, and Reservations, Interior Department. in May 1942 by agreement between the U.S. and Brazil. Terminated in September 1977 at direction of Bureau. See other part of title Brazilian Government. Business, Cabinet Committee on Small Established Broadcast Bureau Merged with Cable Television by Presidential letter of May 31, 1956. Dissolved Bureau to form Mass Media Bureau by Federal January 1961. Communications Commission order, effective Nov. 30, 1982. Business Administration, Domestic and International See Business and Defense Services Broadcast Intelligence Service, Foreign See Administration Broadcast Monitoring Service, Foreign Business Cooperation, Division of Established in Broadcast Monitoring Service, Foreign Established National Recovery Administration by EO 7075 of in Federal Communications Commission by June 15, 1935. Transferred to Commerce Presidential directive of Feb. 26, 1941. Renamed Department by EO 7252 of Dec. 21, 1935. By same Foreign Broadcast Intelligence Service by FCC order order, functions of Division ordered terminated by of July 28, 1942. Transferred to War Department by Apr. 1, 1936. Committee of Industrial Analysis Secretarial order of Dec. 30, 1945. Act of May 3, created by EO 7323 of Mar. 21, 1936, to complete 1945 (59 Stat. 110), provided for liquidation 60 days work of Division. after Japanese armistice. Transferred to Central Intelligence Group Aug. 5, 1946, and renamed Business and Defense Services Administration Foreign Broadcast Information Service. Established by Commerce Secretary Oct. 1, 1953, and operated under Department Organization Order Budget, Bureau of the Established by act of June 40–1. Abolished by Department Organization Order 10, 1921 (42 Stat. 20), in Treasury Department 40–1A of Sept. 15, 1970, and functions transferred under immediate direction of President. Transferred to Bureau of Domestic Commerce. Functions to Executive Office of the President by Reorg. Plan transferred to Domestic and International Business No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Reorganized Administration, effective Nov. 17, 1972. by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, effective July 1, 1970, Administration terminated by Secretary’s order of and renamed Office of Management and Budget. Dec. 4, 1977, and functions assumed by Industry and Trade Administration. Buildings Administration, Public Established as part of Federal Works Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I Business Economics, Office of Established by of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Abolished by act of Commerce Secretary Jan. 17, 1946. Renamed Office June 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 380), and functions of Economic Analysis Dec. 1, 1953. Transferred to transferred to General Services Administration. Social and Economic Statistics Administration along with Bureau of the Census and renamed Bureau of Buildings Branch, Public Organized in Economic Analysis on Jan. 1, 1972. Procurement Division, established in Treasury Department by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Business Operations, Bureau of International Consolidated with Branch of Buildings Management, Established by Commerce Secretary Aug. 8, 1961, National Park Service, to form Public Buildings by Departmental Orders 173 and 174. Abolished by Administration, Federal Works Agency, under Reorg. Departmental Order 182 of Feb. 1, 1963, which Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. established Bureau of International Commerce. 762 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Functions transferred to Domestic and International Censorship, Office of Established by EO 8985 of Business Administration, effective Nov. 17, 1972. Dec. 19, 1941. Terminated by EO 9631 of Sept. 28, 1945. Cable Television Bureau Merged with Broadcast Bureau by Federal Communications Commission Censorship Policy Board Established by EO 8985 order to form Mass Media Bureau, effective Nov. 30, of Dec. 19, 1941. Terminated by EO 9631 of Sept. 1982. 28, 1945.

California Debris Commission Established by act of Census, Bureau of the See Census Office Mar. 1, 1893 (27 Stat. 507). Abolished by act of Census Office Established temporarily within the Nov. 17, 1986 (100 Stat. 4229), and functions Interior Department in accordance with act of Mar. transferred to Interior Secretary. 3, 1899. Established as a permanent office by act of Mar. 6, 1902. Transferred from Interior Department Canal Zone Government Established by act of Aug. to Department of Commerce and Labor by act of 24, 1912 (37 Stat. 561). Abolished by act of Sept. Feb. 14, 1903. Remained in Commerce Department 27, 1979 (93 Stat. 454). under provisions of Reorganization Plan No. 5 of May 24, 1950, effective May 24, 1950. Capital Housing Authority, National Established by act of June 12, 1934 (48 Stat. 930). Made agency of Center. See other part of title District of Columbia government by act of Dec. 24, 1973 (87 Stat. 779), effective July 1, 1974. Central. See other part of title

Capital Park Commission, National Established by Chemistry and Soils, Bureau of See Agricultural act of June 6, 1924 (43 Stat. 463). National Capital and Industrial Chemistry, Bureau of Park and Planning Commission named successor by Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies act of Apr. 30, 1926 (44 Stat. 374). Functions Established in 1965 in Annapolis, MD, as part of transferred to National Capital Planning Commission Smithsonian Institution by Secretarial order. Merged by act of July 19, 1952 (66 Stat. 781). with Radiation Biology Laboratory by Secretarial Order July 1, 1983, to form Smithsonian Capital Park and Planning Commission, National Environmental Research Center. See Capital Park Commission, National Child Development, Office of See Children’s Capital Regional Planning Council, National Bureau Established by act of July 19, 1952 (66 Stat. 785). Terminated by Reorg. Plan No. 5 of 1966, effective Child Support Enforcement, Office of Established Sept. 8, 1966. in Health, Education, and Welfare Department by act of Jan. 4, 1975 (88 Stat. 2351). Replaced by Capital Transportation Agency, National Family Support Administration. Established by act of July 14, 1960 (74 Stat 537). Authorized to establish rapid rail transit system by Children’s Bureau Established by act of Apr. 9, act of Sept. 8, 1965 (79 Stat. 663). Functions 1912 (37 Stat. 79). Placed in Labor Department by transferred to Washington Metropolitan Area Transit act of Mar. 4, 1913 (37 Stat. 737). Transferred, with Authority by EO 11373 of Sept. 20, 1967. exception of child labor functions, to Social Security Administration, Federal Security Agency, by Reorg. Career Executive Board Established by EO 10758 Plan No. 2 of 1946, effective July 16, 1946. of Mar. 4, 1958. Terminated July 1, 1959, and EO Continued under Administration when Agency 10758 revoked by EO 10859 of Feb. 5, 1960. functions assumed by Health, Education, and Welfare Department. Reassigned to Welfare Caribbean Organization Act of June 30, 1961 (75 Administration by Department reorganization of Jan. Stat. 194), provided for acceptance by President of 28, 1963. Reassigned to Social and Rehabilitation Agreement for the Establishment of the Caribbean Service by Department reorganization of Aug. 15, Organization, signed at Washington, June 21, 1960. 1967. Reassigned to Office of Child Development by Article III of Agreement provided for termination of Department reorganization order of Sept. 17, 1969. Caribbean Commission, authorized by Agreement signed Oct. 30, 1946, on first meeting of Caribbean China, U.S. Court for Established by act of June Council, governing body of Organization. 30, 1906 (34 Stat. 814). Transferred to Justice Terminated, effective Dec. 31, 1965, by resolution Department by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933, effective adopted by Council. Mar. 2, 1934. Act of June 30, 1906, repealed effective Sept. 1, 1948 (62 Stat. 992). Cemeteries and Memorials in Europe, National Christopher Columbus Quincentenary Jubilee Supervision transferred from War Department to Commission Established by act of Aug. 7, 1984 (98 American Battle Monuments Commission by EO Stat. 1257). Terminated pursuant to terms of act. 6614 of Feb. 26, 1934, which transfer was deferred to May 21, 1934, by EO 6690 of Apr. 25, 1934. Civil defense. See Defense Cemeteries and Parks, National War Department Civil Rights, Commission on Established by act of functions regarding National Cemeteries and Parks Sept. 9, 1957 (71 Stat. 634). Terminated in 1983 and located in continental U.S. transferred to Office of reestablished by act of Nov. 30, 1983 (97 Stat. National Parks, Buildings, and Reservations, Interior 1301). Renamed United States Commission on Civil Department, by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Rights by act of Nov. 2, 1994 (108 Stat. 4683). APPENDIX B 763

Civil Service Commission, U.S. Established by act Coal Consumers’ Counsel, Office of the Bituminous of Jan. 16, 1883 (22 Stat. 403). Redesignated as Established by act of Apr. 11, 1941 (55 Stat. 134), Merit Systems Protection Board and functions renewing provisions of act of Apr. 23, 1937 (50 Stat. transferred to Board and Office of Personnel 72) for 2 years to continue functions of Consumers’ Management by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1978, effective Counsel Division, Interior Department. Functions Jan. 1, 1979. continued by acts of Apr. 24, 1943 (57 Stat. 68), and May 21, 1943 (57 Stat. 82). Terminated Aug. 24, Civil War Centennial Commission Established by 1943. act of Sept. 7, 1957 (71 Stat. 626). Terminated May 1, 1966, pursuant to terms of act. Coal Division, Bituminous Established July 1, 1939, by Interior Secretary’s Order 1394 of June 16, Civilian Conservation Corps Established by act of 1939, as amended by Order 1399, of July 5, 1939, June 28, 1937 (50 Stat. 319). Made part of Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, pursuant to act of Apr. 3, 1939 (53 Stat. 562) and effective July 1, 1939. Liquidation provided for by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. act of July 2, 1942 (56 Stat. 569), not later than June Administered functions vested in National 30, 1943. Bituminous Coal Commission by act of Apr. 23, 1937 (50 Stat. 72). Act extended to Aug. 24, 1943, Civilian Production Administration Established by on which date it expired. EO 9638 of Oct. 4, 1945. Consolidated with other agencies to form Office of Temporary Controls, Coal Labor Board, Bituminous Established by act Office for Emergency Management, by EO 9809 of of July 12, 1921 (42 Stat. 140). Abolished as result Dec. 12, 1946. of U.S. Supreme Court decision, May 18, 1936, in case of Carter v. Carter Coal Company et al. Civilian Service Awards Board, Distinguished Established by EO 10717 of June 27, 1957. Coal Leasing Planning and Coordination, Office of Terminated by EO 12014 of Oct. 19, 1977, and Established Mar. 22, 1978, by Interior Departmental functions transferred to U.S. Civil Service Manual Release 2075. Abolished Aug. 4, 1981, by Commission. Departmental Manual Release 2342.

Claims, U.S. Court of Established Feb. 25, 1855 Coal Mine Safety Board of Review, Federal (10 Stat. 612). Abolished by act of Apr. 2, 1982 (96 Established by act of July 16, 1952 (66 Stat. 697). Stat. 26) and trial jurisdiction transferred to U.S. Inactive after Mar. 30, 1970, pursuant to act of Dec. Claims Court and appellate functions merged with 30, 1969 (83 Stat. 803). those of U.S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals to form U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Coal Mines Administration Established by Interior U.S. Claims Court renamed U.S. Court of Federal Secretary July 1, 1943. Abolished by Secretary’s Claims by act of Oct. 29, 1992 (106 Stat. 4516). Order 1977 of Aug. 16, 1944, as amended by Order 1982 of Aug. 31, 1944, and functions assumed by Claims Commission of the United States, Solid Fuels Administration for War. Administration International Established in State Department by reestablished in Interior Department by EO 9728 of act of Mar. 10, 1950 (64 Stat. 12). Abolished by May 21, 1946. Terminated June 30, 1947, by act of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1954, effective July 1, 1954, Mar. 27, 1942 (56 Stat. 176). and functions transferred to Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States. Coal Research, Office of Established in Interior Department by act of July 7, 1960 (74 Stat. 336). Claims Settlement Commission of the United States, Functions transferred to Energy Research and Foreign Established by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1954, Development Administration by act of Oct. 11, 1974 effective July 1, 1954. Transferred to Justice (88 Stat. 1237). Department by act of Mar. 14, 1980 (94 Stat. 96). Coast and Geodetic Survey See Coast Survey Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, George Rogers Established by Public Resolution 51 (45 Stat. 723). Coast Guard, U.S. Transferred from Treasury Expenditures ordered administered by Interior Department to Navy Department by EO 8929 of Department by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Nov. 1, 1941. Returned to Treasury Department by Classification Review Committee, Interagency EO 9666 of Dec. 28, 1945. Transferred to Established by EO 11652 of Mar. 8, 1972. Abolished Transportation Department by act of Oct. 15, 1966 by EO 12065 of June 28, 1978. (80 Stat. 931).

Clemency Board, Presidential Established in Coast Survey Established by act of Feb. 10, 1807 Executive Office of the President by EO 11803 of (2 Stat. 413). Redesignated as Coast and Geodetic Sept. 16, 1974. Final recommendations submitted to Survey by act of June 20, 1878 (20 Stat. 206). President Sept. 15, 1975, and Board terminated by Transferred to Environmental Science Services EO 11878 of Sept. 10, 1975. Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1965, effective July 13, 1965. Coal Commission, National Bituminous Established under authority of act of Aug. 30, 1935 (49 Stat. Codification Board Established by act of June 19, 992). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, 1937 (50 Stat. 304). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. effective July 1, 1939, and functions transferred to II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, and functions Bituminous Coal Division, Interior Department. transferred to Division of the Federal Register. 764 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Coinage, Joint Commission on the Established by Commercial Policy, Executive Committee on act of July 23, 1965 (79 Stat. 258). Expired Jan. 4, Established by Presidential letter of Nov. 11, 1933, 1975, pursuant to act of Oct. 6, 1972 (88 Stat. 776). to Secretary of State. Abolished by EO 9461 of Aug. 7, 1944. Collection of Fine Arts, National Established within Smithsonian Institution by act of Mar. 24, Commercial Services, Office of Foreign Established 1937 (50 Stat. 51). Renamed National Museum of by Commerce Secretary Feb. 1, 1963, and operated American Art in Smithsonian Institution by act of under Department Organization Order 40–4. Oct. 13, 1980 (94 Stat. 1884). Abolished Sept. 15, 1970, by Department Organization Order 40–2A and functions transferred Columbia Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf to Bureau of International Commerce. and Dumb, and the Blind Established by act of Feb. 16, 1857 (11 Stat. 161). Renamed Columbia Commercial Standards Division Transferred with Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb Division of Simplified Trade Practice from National by act of Feb. 23, 1865 (13 Stat. 436). Renamed Bureau of Standards to Commerce Secretary by Columbia Institution for the Deaf by act of Mar. 4, Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1946, effective July 16, 1946, 1911 (36 Stat. 1422). Renamed Gallaudet College by to permit reassignment to Office of Domestic act of June 18, 1954 (68 Stat. 265). Functions of Commerce. Functions transferred to National Bureau Health, Education, and Welfare Department of Standards by Commerce Department Order 90, transferred to Education Department by act of Oct. June 7, 1963, pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 5 of 17, 1979 (93 Stat. 695). Renamed Gallaudet 1950, effective May 24, 1950. University by act of Aug. 4, 1986 (100 Stat. 781). Commission. See other part of title Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet, and Chief of Naval Operations Duties of two positions prescribed by Committee. See also other part of title EO 8984 of Dec. 18, 1941. Combined under one Committee Management Secretariat Established in officer by EO 9096 of Mar. 12, 1942. Office of Management and Budget Jan. 5, 1973, by Commerce, Bureau of Domestic See Business and act of Oct. 6, 1972 (86 Stat. 772). Functions Defense Services Administration transferred to General Services Administrator by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1977, effective Apr. 1, 1978. Commerce, Bureau of Foreign Established by Reassigned to National Archives and Records Commerce Secretary Oct. 12, 1953, by Reorg. Plan Service by GSA order of Feb. 22, 1979. Transferred No. 5 of 1950, effective May 24, 1950. Abolished in Archives to Office of the Federal Register by GSA by department order of Aug. 7, 1961, and functions order of Oct. 14, 1980. Transferred to Office of the vested in Bureau of International Programs and Archivist of the United States by GSA order of Sept. Bureau of International Business Operations. 24, 1982. Reassigned to Office of Program Initiatives, GSA, by GSA order of May 18, 1984. Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Transferred to Office of Management Services, GSA, Established by act of Aug. 23, 1912 (37 Stat. 407). by GSA order of Apr. 7, 1986. Functions reassigned to other offices of Commerce Department due to internal reorganizations. Commodities Corporation, Federal Surplus See Relief Corporation, Federal Surplus Commerce, Bureau of International See Business Operations, Bureau of International Commodity Credit Corporation Organized by EO 6340 of Oct. 16, 1933, and managed in close Commerce Commission, Interstate Certain affiliation with Reconstruction Finance Corporation. functions as cited in act of Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. Transferred to Agriculture Department by Reorg. 931) transferred to Commerce Secretary. Functions Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. relating to railroad and pipeline safety transferred to Federal Railroad Administrator and motor carrier Commodity Exchange Administration See Grain safety to Federal Highway Administrator by act. Futures Administration Commerce Department, Solicitor for Transferred Commodity Exchange Authority See Grain Futures from Justice Department to Commerce Department Administration by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Commodity Exchange Commission Established by Commerce Service, Foreign Established in Bureau act of Sept. 21, 1922 (42 Stat. 998). Functions of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Commerce transferred to Commodity Futures Trading Department, by act of Mar. 3, 1927 (44 Stat. 1394). Commission by act of Oct. 23, 1974 (88 Stat. 1414). Transferred to State Department as part of Foreign Commodity Stabilization Service Established Nov. Service by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 2, 1953, by Secretary’s Memorandum 1320, supp. 4. 1, 1939. Renamed Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Commercial Company, U.S. Established Mar. 27, Service by Secretary’s Memorandum 1458 of June 14, 1961, effective June 5, 1961. 1942, as subsidiary of Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Transferred to Office of Economic Communication Agency, International See Warfare by EO 9361 of July 15, 1943. Office Information Agency, U.S. consolidated into Foreign Economic Administration by EO 9380 of Sept. 25, 1943. Functions returned Communications Program, Joint Tactical to Corporation by EO 9630 of Sept. 27, 1945, until Combined with Joint Interoperability of the Tactical June 30, 1948. Command and Control Systems Programs to form APPENDIX B 765

Joint Tactical Command, Control, and Office of Human Development by Secretary’s Communications Agency in July 1984, pursuant to reorganization of Mar. 8, 1977 (42 FR 13262). Defense Department Directive 5154.28. Community War Services Established in Office of Community Development Corporation Established the Administrator under EO 9338 of Apr. 29, 1943, in Housing and Urban Development Department by and Federal Security Agency order. Terminated Dec. act of Dec. 31, 1970 (84 Stat. 1791). Renamed New 31, 1946, by act of July 26, 1946 (60 Stat. 695). Community Development Corporation by act of Aug. 22, 1974 (88 Stat. 725). Abolished Nov. 30, Conciliation Service, U.S. Established by act of 1983, by act of Nov. 30, 1983 (97 Stat. 1238), and Mar. 4, 1913 (37 Stat. 738). Functions transferred to functions transferred to Assistant Secretary for Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, Community Planning and Development, Housing established by act of June 23, 1947 (61 Stat. 153). and Urban Development Department. Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe Community Development Corporation, New See Renamed Organization for Security and Cooperation Community Development Corporation in Europe by EO 13029, Dec. 3, 1996 (61 FR 64591). Community Facilities, Bureau of Established in 1945 by Federal Works Administrator. Transferred Conservation and Renewable Energy Office by act of June 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 380), to General Renamed Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Services Administration, functioning as Community Office by Assistant Secretary’s memorandum of Mar. Facilities Service. Certain functions transferred to 3, 1993. various agencies, including Interior Department, Consolidated Farm Service Agency Established by Housing and Home Finance Agency, and Federal act of Oct. 13, 1994 (108 Stat. 3214). Renamed Security Agency by Reorg. Plans Nos. 15, 16, and Farm Service Agency (61 FR 1109), effective Jan. 16, 17 of 1950, effective May 24, 1950. 1996. Community Facilities Administration Established in Constitution, Commission on the Bicentennial of Housing and Home Finance Agency by the United States Established by act of Sept. 29, Administrator’s Organizational Order 1 of Dec. 23, 1983, as amended (97 Stat. 722). Terminated by act 1954. Terminated by act of Sept. 9, 1965 (79 Stat. of Dec. 3, 1991 (105 Stat. 1232). 667), and functions transferred to Housing and Urban Development Department. Constitution, transfer of functions See Statutes at Large and other matters Community Organization, Committee on Established in Office of Defense Health and Welfare Construction, Collective Bargaining Committee in Services Sept. 10, 1941. Functions transferred to Established by EO 11849 of Apr. 1, 1975. Inactive Federal Security Agency by EO 9338 of Apr. 29, since Jan. 7, 1976. Formally abolished by EO 12110 1943. of Dec. 28, 1978.

Community Relations Service Established in Construction, Equipment and Repairs, Bureau of Commerce Department by act of July 2, 1964 (78 Established in Navy Department by act of Aug. 31, Stat. 241). Transferred to Justice Department by 1842 (5 Stat. 579). Abolished by act of July 5, 1862 Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1966, effective Apr. 22, 1966. (12 Stat. 510), and functions distributed among Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting, Bureau of Community Service, Commission on National and Construction and Repair, and Bureau of Steam Established by act of Nov. 16, 1990 (104 Stat. Engineering. 3168). Abolished by act of Sept. 21, 1993, and functions vested in the Board of Directors or the Construction Branch Established in Treasury Executive Director prior to Oct. 1, 1993, transferred Department in 1853 and designated Bureau of to the Corporation for National and Community Construction under control of Office of Supervising Service (107 Stat. 873, 888). Architect by Sept. 30, 1855. Office incorporated into Public Buildings Branch, Procurement Division, by Community Services, Office of Established in EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Transferred to Federal Health and Human Services Department by act of Works Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, Aug. 13, 1981 (95 Stat. 516). Replaced by Family effective July 1, 1939, when Public Buildings Branch Support Administration. of Procurement Division, Bureau of Buildings Management, National Park Service, Interior Community Services Administration Established by Department—so far as latter concerned with act of Jan. 4, 1975 (88 Stat. 2291) as successor to operation of public buildings for other departments Office of Economic Opportunity. Abolished as or agencies—and U.S. Housing Corporation independent agency through repeal of act of Aug. consolidated with Public Buildings Administration, 20, 1964 (except titles VIII and X of such act) by act Federal Works Agency. of Aug. 13, 1981 (95 Stat. 519). Construction Industry Stabilization Committee Community Services Administration Functions Established by EO 11588 of Mar. 29, 1971. concerning Legal Services Program transferred to Abolished by EO 11788 of June 18, 1974. Legal Services Corporation by act of July 25, 1974 (88 Stat. 389). Renamed Public Services Construction and Repair, Bureau of Established by Administration by Health, Education, and Welfare act of July 5, 1862 (12 Stat. 510), replacing Bureau departmental notice of Nov. 3, 1976. Transferred to of Construction, Equipment and Repairs. Abolished 766 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

by act of June 20, 1940 (54 Stat. 492), and functions Administration to supervision of Director of transferred to Bureau of Ships. Marketing, effective Feb. 1, 1940. Transferred to Agricultural Marketing Administration by Consumer Advisory Council Established by EO administrative order of Feb. 28, 1942. 11136 of Jan. 3, 1964. Office of Consumer Affairs established in Executive Office of the President by Consumers’ Problems, Adviser on See Consumer EO 11583 of Feb. 24, 1971, and Council agencies reestablished in Office. Contract Committee Government See Contract Consumer Affairs, Office of Established by EO Compliance, Committee on Government 11583 of Feb. 24, 1971. Transferred to Health, Education, and Welfare Department by EO 11702 of Contract Compliance, Committee on Government Jan. 25, 1973. Established by EO 10308 of Dec. 3, 1951. Abolished by EO 10479 of Aug. 13, 1953, which established Consumer Affairs Staff, National Business Council for Established in Commerce Department by successor Government Contract Committee. departmental organization order of Dec. 16, 1971. Abolished by EO 10925 of Mar. 6, 1961, and Terminated by departmental order of Dec. 6, 1973, records and property transferred to President’s due to lack of funding. Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. Consumer agencies Consumer agencies of Contract Settlement, Office of Established by act National Emergency Council and National Recovery of July 1, 1944 (58 Stat. 651). Transferred to Office Administration reorganized and functions of War Mobilization and Reconversion by act of transferred, together with those of Consumers’ Oct. 3, 1944 (58 Stat. 785). Terminated by EO 9809 Advisory Board, NRA, and Cabinet Committee on of Dec. 12, 1946, and Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1947, Price Policy, to Consumers’ Division, NRA, by EO effective July 1, 1947, and functions transferred to 7120 of July 30, 1935. Division transferred to Labor Treasury Department. Functions transferred to Department by EO 7252 of Dec. 21, 1935. General Services Administration by act of June 30, Transferred to Division of Consumers’ Counsel, 1949 (63 Stat. 380). Agricultural Adjustment Administration, Agriculture Department, by Labor Secretary’s letter of Aug. 30, Contract Settlement Advisory Board Established by 1938, to Agriculture Secretary. Continued as act of July 1, 1944 (58 Stat. 651). Transferred to Consumer Standards Project until June 30, 1941. Treasury Department by EO 9809 of Dec. 12, 1946, Research on consumer standards continued by and by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1947, effective July 1, Consumer Standards Section, Consumers’ Counsel 1947. Transferred to General Services Administration Division, transferred to Agricultural Marketing by act of June 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 380) and Administration by administrative order of Feb. 28, established as Contract Review Board. Renamed 1942. Other project activities discontinued. Board of Contract Appeals in 1961 by Administrator’s order. Board established as Consumer Cooperative Bank, National Established independent entity within General Services by act of Aug. 20, 1978 (92 Stat. 499). Removed Administration Feb. 27, 1979, pursuant to act of from mixed-ownership, Government corporation Nov. 1, 1978 (92 Stat. 2383). status by acts of Sept. 13, 1982 (96 Stat. 1062) and Jan. 12, 1983 (96 Stat. 2478). Contract Settlement Appeal Board, Office of Established by act of July 1, 1944 (58 Stat. 651). Consumer Interests, President’s Committee on Transferred to Treasury Department by EO 9809 of Established by EO 11136 of Jan. 3, 1964. Abolished Dec. 12, 1946, and by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1947, by EO 11583 of Feb. 24, 1971. effective July 1, 1947. Functions transferred to Consumer and Marketing Service Established by General Services Administration by act of June 30, Agriculture Secretary Feb. 2, 1965. Renamed 1949 (63 Stat. 380). Abolished by act of July 14, Agricultural Marketing Service Apr. 2, 1972, by 1952 (66 Stat. 627). Secretary’s order and certain functions transferred to Contract Termination Board, Joint Established Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Nov. 12, 1943, by Director of War Mobilization. Consumers’ Counsel Established in National Functions assumed by Office of Contract Settlement. Bituminous Coal Commission by act of Aug. 30, 1935 (49 Stat. 993). Office abolished by Reorg. Plan Contracts Division, Public Established in Labor No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, and functions Department to administer act of June 30, 1936 (49 transferred to Office of Solicitor, Interior Stat. 2036). Consolidated with Wage and Hour Department, to function as Consumers’ Counsel Division by Secretarial order of Aug. 21, 1942. Division under direction of Interior Secretary. Absorbed by Wage and Hour Division by Secretarial Functions transferred to Office of the Bituminous order of May 1971. Coal Consumers’ Counsel June 1941 by act of Apr. Cooperation Administration, International 11, 1941 (55 Stat. 134). Established by State Department Delegation of Consumers’ Counsel Division See Consumers’ Authority 85 of June 30, 1955, pursuant to EO Counsel 10610 of May 9, 1955. Abolished by act of Sept. 4, 1961 (75 Stat. 446), and functions redelegated to Consumers’ Counsel, Division of Established by act Agency for International Development pursuant to of May 12, 1933 (48 Stat. 31). Transferred by order Presidential letter of Sept. 30, 1961, and EO 10973 of Agriculture Secretary from Agricultural Adjustment of Nov. 3, 1961. APPENDIX B 767

Cooperative State Research Service Established in District Court for the District of the Canal Zone, the Department of Agriculture. Incorporated into District Court of Guam, District Court of the Virgin Cooperative State, Research, Education, and Islands, Court of Claims, Court of Customs and Extension Service under Department of Agriculture Patent Appeals, and Customs Courts. reorganization in 1995. Credit Unions, Bureau of Federal See Credit Coordinating Service, Federal Office of Chief Union System, Federal Coordinator created by Executive order promulgated in Bureau of the Budget Circular 15, July 27, 1921, Credit Union System, Federal Established by act of and duties enlarged by other Bureau circulars. June 26, 1934 (48 Stat. 1216), to be administered by Abolished by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Contract Farm Credit Administration. Transferred to Federal form, Federal traffic, and surplus property functions Deposit Insurance Corporation by EO 9148 of Apr. transferred to Procurement Division by order of 27, 1942, and Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1947, effective Treasury Secretary, approved by President Oct. 9, July 1, 1947. Functions transferred to Bureau of 1933, issued pursuant to EO’s 6166 of June 10, Federal Credit Unions, Federal Security Agency, 1933, and 6224 of July 27, 1933. established by act of June 29, 1948 (62 Stat. 1091). Functions transferred to Health, Education, and Copyright Royalty Tribunal Established as an Welfare Department by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953, independent entity within the legislative branch by effective Apr. 11, 1953. Functions transferred to act of Oct. 19, 1976 (90 Stat. 2594). Abolished by National Credit Union Administration by act of Mar. act of Dec. 17, 1993 (107 Stat. 2304), and functions 10, 1970 (84 Stat. 49). transferred to copyright arbitration royalty panels. Crime, National Council on Organized Established Copyrighted Works, National Commission on New by EO 11534 of June 4, 1970. Terminated by EO Technological Uses of Established by act of Dec. 12110 of Dec. 28, 1978. 31, 1974 (88 Stat. 1873). Terminated Sept. 29, 1978, Critical Materials Council, Nation Established pursuant to terms of act. within Executive Office of the President by act of Corporate Payments Abroad, Task Force on July 31, 1984 (98 Stat. 1250). Office abolished in Questionable Established by Presidential Sept. 1993 due to lack of funding and functions memorandum of Mar. 31, 1976. Terminated Dec. transferred to the Office of Science and Technology 31, 1976, pursuant to terms of memorandum. Policy. Corporation, Federal Facilities Established in Crop Production Loan Office Authorized by Treasury Department by EO 10539 of June 22, Presidential letters of July 26, 1918, and July 26, 1954. Placed under supervision of Director 1919, to Agriculture Secretary. Further authorized by appointed by General Services Administrator by EO act of Mar. 3, 1921 (41 Stat. 1347). Transferred to 10720 of July 11, 1957. Dissolved by act of Aug. Farm Credit Administration by EO 6084 of Mar. 27, 30, 1961 (75 Stat. 418), and functions transferred to 1933. Administrator of General Services. Cultural Center, National Established in Smithsonian Institution by act of Sept. 2, 1958 (72 Corregidor-Bataan Memorial Commission Stat. 1698). Renamed John F. Kennedy Center for the Established by act of Aug. 5, 1953 (67 Stat. 366). Performing Arts by act of Jan. 23, 1964 (78 Stat. 4). Terminated May 6, 1967, by act of Dec. 23, 1963 (77 Stat. 477). Customs, Bureau of Functions relating to award of numbers to undocumented vessels, vested in Cost Accounting Standards Board Established by Collectors of Customs, transferred to Commandant of act of Aug. 15, 1970 (84 Stat. 796). Terminated Sept. Coast Guard by EO 9083 of Feb. 27, 1942. Transfer 30, 1980, due to lack of funding. Reestablished by made permanent by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1946, act of Nov. 17, 1988 (102 Stat. 4059). effective July 16, 1946. Redesignated U.S. Customs Cost of Living Council Established by EO 11615 of Service by Treasury Department Order 165–23 of Aug. 15, 1971. Abolished by EO 11788 of June 18, Apr. 4, 1973. 1974. Customs Court, U.S. Formerly established as Board Cotton Stabilization Corporation Organized June of General Appraisers by act of June 10, 1890 (26 1930 under laws of Delaware by Federal Farm Stat. 136). Renamed U.S. Customs Court by act of Board pursuant to act of June 15, 1929 (46 Stat. 11). May 26, 1926 (44 Stat. 669). Renamed U.S. Court Certificate of dissolution filed with Corporation of International Trade by act of Oct. 10, 1980 (94 Commission of Delaware Dec. 27, 1934. Stat. 1727). Council. See other part of title Customs and Patent Appeals, U.S. Court of Established by act of Mar. 2, 1929 (45 Stat. 1475). Counter-. See other part of title Abolished by act of Apr. 2, 1982 (96 Stat. 28) and functions merged with appellate functions of U.S. Courts Under act of Aug. 7, 1939 (53 Stat. 1223), Court of Claims to form U.S. Court of Appeals for and revised June 25, 1948 (62 Stat. 913), to provide the Federal Circuit. for administration of U.S. courts, administrative jurisdiction over all continental and territorial courts Dairy Industry, Bureau of Bureau of Dairying transferred to Administrative Office of the U.S. established in Agriculture Department by act of May Courts, including U.S. courts of appeals and district 29, 1924 (43 Stat. 243). Bureau of Dairy Industry courts, District Court for the Territory of Alaska, U.S. designation first appeared in act of May 11, 1926 768 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

(44 Stat. 499). Functions transferred to Agricultural and functions transferred to Office of the Inspector Research Service by Secretary’s Memorandum 1320, General. supp. 4, of Nov. 2, 1953. Defense Civil Preparedness Agency Functions Defense, Advisory Commission to the Council of transferred from Defense Department to Federal National See Defense, Council of National Emergency Management Agency by EO 12148 of July 20, 1979. Defense, Council of National Established by act of Aug. 29, 1916 (39 Stat. 649). Advisory Defense and Civilian Mobilization Board Commission—composed of Advisers on Industrial Established by EO 10773 of July 1, 1938. Production, Industrial Materials, Employment, Farm Redesignated Civil and Defense Mobilization Board Products, Price Stabilization, Transportation, and by act of Aug. 26, 1958 (72 Stat. 861). Abolished by Consumer Protection—established by Council Office of Emergency Preparedness Circular 1200.1 pursuant to act and approved by President May 29, of Oct. 31, 1962. 1940. Commission decentralized by merging divisions with newly created national defense units. Defense Communications Agency Established by Agencies evolved from Commission, except Office direction of the Secretary of Defense on May 12, of Agricultural War Relations and Office of Price 1960. Renamed Defense Information Systems Administration, made units of Office for Emergency Agency by DOD Directive 5105.19 dated June 25, Management. Council inactive. 1991. Defense, Office of Civilian Established in Office Defense Communications Board Established by EO for Emergency Management by EO 8757 of May 20, 8546 of Sept. 24, 1940. Renamed Board of War 1941. Terminated by EO 9562 of June 4, 1945. Communications by EO 9183 of June 15, 1942. Abolished by EO 9831 of Feb. 24, 1947, and Defense Administration, Federal Civil Established property transferred to Federal Communications in Office for Emergency Management by EO 10186 Commission. of Dec. 1, 1950; subsequently established as independent agency by act of Jan. 12, 1951 (64 Stat. Defense Coordinating Board, Civil Established by 1245). Functions transferred to Office of Defense EO 10611 of May 11, 1955. EO 10611 revoked by and Civilian Mobilization by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of EO 10773 of July 1, 1958. 1958, effective July 1, 1958. Defense Electric Power Administration Established Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency by Interior Secretary’s Order 2605 of Dec. 4, 1950. Established as a separate agency of the Department Abolished June 30, 1953, by Secretary’s Order 2721 of Defense by DOD Directive 5105.41 dated July of May 7, 1953. Reestablished by Departmental 25, 1978. Renamed Advanced Research Projects Manual Release No. 253 of Aug. 6, 1959. Agency by Defense Secretary’s order dated July 13, Terminated by Departmental Manual Release No. 1993. Reestablished by P.L. 104–106, Feb. 10, 1996 1050 of Jan. 10, 1977. (110 Stat. 406). Defense Fisheries Administration Established by Defense Advisory Council, Civil Established by act Interior Secretary’s Order 2605 of Dec. 4, 1950. of Jan. 12, 1951 (64 Stat. 1245). Transferred to Abolished June 30, 1953, by Secretary’s Order 2722 Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization by of May 13, 1953. Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1958, effective July 1, 1958. Defense Health and Welfare Services, Office of Defense Aid Reports, Division of Established in Established by EO 8890 of Sept. 3, 1941. Office for Emergency Management by EO 8751 of Terminated by EO 9338 of Apr. 29, 1943, and May 2, 1941. Abolished by EO 8926 of Oct. 28, functions transferred to Federal Security Agency. 1941, which created Office of Lend-Lease Administration. Defense Homes Corporation Incorporated pursuant to President’s letter to Treasury Secretary of Oct. 18, Defense Air Transportation Administration 1940. Transferred to Federal Public Housing Established Nov. 12, 1951, by Commerce Authority by EO 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Department Order 137. Abolished by Amendment 3 of Sept. 13, 1962, to Department Order 128 Defense Housing Coordination, Division of (revised) and functions transferred to Office of the Established in Office for Emergency Management by Under Secretary of Commerce for Transportation. EO 8632 of Jan. 11, 1941. Functions transferred to National Housing Agency by EO 9070 of Feb. 24, Defense Atomic Support Agency Renamed 1942. Defense Nuclear Agency by General Order No. 1 of July 1, 1971. Defense Housing Coordinator Office established July 21, 1940, by Advisory Commission to Council Defense Audiovisual Agency Established by of National Defense. Functions transferred to Defense Department Directive 5040.1 of June 12, Division of Defense Housing Coordination, Office 1979. Abolished by Secretary’s memorandum of for Emergency Management, by EO 8632 of Jan. 11, Apr. 19, 1985, and functions assigned to the military 1941. departments. Defense Housing Division, Mutual Ownership Defense Audit Service Established by Defense Established by Administrator of Federal Works Department directive of Oct. 14, 1976. Abolished by Agency under provisions of act of June 28, 1941 (55 Deputy Secretary’s memorandum of Nov. 2, 1982, Stat. 361). Functions transferred to Federal Public APPENDIX B 769

Housing Authority, National Housing Agency, by EO Defense Nuclear Agency Established in 1971. 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Renamed Defense Special Weapons Agency by DOD Directive 5105.31 of June 14, 1995. Defense Manpower Administration Established by Labor Secretary by General Order 48, pursuant to Defense Plant Corporation Established by act of EO 10161 of Sept. 9, 1950, and Reorg. Plan No. 6 June 25, 1940 (54 Stat. 572). Transferred from of 1950, effective May 24, 1950. General Order 48 Federal Loan Agency to Commerce Department by revoked by General Order 63 of Aug. 25, 1953, EO 9071 of Feb. 24, 1942. Returned to Federal Loan which established Office of Manpower Agency pursuant to act of Feb. 24, 1945 (59 Stat. 5). Administration in Department. Dissolved by act of June 30, 1945 (59 Stat. 310), and functions transferred to Reconstruction Finance Defense Mapping Agency Established as a Defense Corporation. Department agency in 1972. Functions transferred to the National Imagery and Mapping Agency by P.L. Defense Plants Administration, Small Established 104–201, Sept. 23, 1996 (110 Stat. 2677). by act of July 31, 1951 (65 Stat. 131). Terminated July 31, 1953, by act of June 30, 1953 (67 Stat. Defense Materials Procurement Agency 131). Functions relating to liquidation transferred to Established by EO 10281 of Aug. 28, 1951. Small Business Administration by EO 10504 of Dec. Abolished by EO 10480 of Aug. 14, 1953, and 1, 1953. functions transferred to General Services Administration. Defense Production Administration Established by EO 10200 of Jan. 3, 1951. Terminated by EO 10433 Defense Materials Service See Emergency of Feb. 4, 1953, and functions transferred to Office Procurement Service of Defense Mobilization.

Defense Mediation Board, National Established by Defense Property Disposal Service Renamed EO 8716 of Mar. 19, 1941. Terminated on creation Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service by of National War Labor Board, Office for Emergency Defense Logistics Agency General Order 10–85, Management by EO 9017 of Jan. 12, 1942. effective July 1, 1985. Transferred to Labor Department by EO 9617 of Sept. 19, 1945. Board terminated by EO 9672 of Defense Prisoner of War/Missing in Action Office Dec. 31, 1945, which established National Wage Established by DOD Directive 5110.10, July 16, Stabilization Board in Labor Department. Terminated 1993. Renamed Defense Prisoner of War/Missing by EO 9809 of Dec. 12, 1946, and functions Personnel Office by Defense Secretary’s transferred to Labor Secretary and Treasury memorandum of May 30, 1996. Department, effective Feb. 24, 1947. Defense Public Works Division Established in Defense Minerals Administration Established by Public Works Administration. Transferred to Office Interior Secretary’s Order 2605 of Dec. 4, 1950. of Federal Works Administrator by administrative Functions assigned to Defense Materials order of July 16, 1941. Abolished by administrative Procurement Agency. Functions of exploration for order of Mar. 6, 1942, and functions transferred to critical and strategic minerals redelegated to Interior Office of Chief Engineer, Federal Works Agency. Secretary and administered by Defense Minerals Defense Purchases, Office for the Coordination of Exploration Administration by Secretary’s Order National Established by order of Council of 2726 of June 30, 1953. Termination of program National Defense, approved June 27, 1940. Order announced by Secretary June 6, 1958. Certain revoked Jan. 7, 1941, and records transferred to activities continued in Office of Minerals Executive Office of the President. Exploration, Interior Department. Defense Research Committee, National Established Defense Minerals Exploration Administration See June 27, 1940, by order of Council of National Defense Minerals Administration Defense. Abolished by order of Council June 28, Defense Mobilization, Office of Established in 1941, and reestablished in Office of Scientific Executive Office of the President by EO 10193 of Research and Development by EO 8807 of June 28, Dec. 16, 1950. Superseded by Office of Defense 1941. Office terminated by EO 9913 of Dec. 26, Mobilization established by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1947, and property and records transferred to 1953, effective June 12, 1953, which assumed National Military Establishment. functions of former Office, National Security Defense Resources Committee Established by Resources Board, and critical materials stockpiling Administrative Order 1496 of June 15, 1940. functions of Army, Navy, Air Force, and Interior Replaced by War Resources Council by Secretaries and of Army and Navy Munitions Board. Administrative Order 1636 of Jan. 14, 1942. Consolidated with Federal Civil Defense Inactive. Administration into Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1958, effective Defense Solid Fuels Administration Established by July 1, 1958, and offices of Director and Deputy Interior Secretary’s Order 2605 of Dec. 4, 1950. Director terminated. Abolished June 29, 1954, by Secretary’s Order 2764. Defense Mobilization Board Established by EO Defense Stockpile Manager, National Established 10200 of Jan. 3, 1951, and restated in EO 10480 of by act of Nov. 14, 1986 (100 Stat. 4067). Functions Aug. 14, 1953. Terminated by EO 10773 of July 1, transferred from General Services Administrator to 1958. Defense Secretary by EO 12626 of Feb. 25, 1988. 770 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Defense Supplies Corporation Established under of Washington and Georgetown and levy court of act of June 25, 1940 (54 Stat. 572). Transferred from Washington County abolished in favor of territorial Federal Loan Agency to Commerce Department by form of government in 1871. Permanent commission EO 9071 of Feb. 24, 1942. Returned to Federal Loan government established July 1, 1878. District Agency by act of Feb. 24, 1945 (59 Stat. 5). Government created as municipal corporation by act Dissolved by act of June 30, 1945 (59 Stat. 310), of June 11, 1878 (20 Stat. 102). Treated as branch and functions transferred to Reconstruction Finance of U.S. Government by various statutory enactments Corporation. of Congress. District Government altered by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1967, effective Nov. 3, 1967. Charter Defense Supply Agency Renamed Defense for local government in District of Columbia Logistics Agency by DOD Directive 5105.22 of Jan. provided by act of Dec. 24, 1973 (87 Stat. 774). 22, 1977. District of Columbia, Highway Commission of the Defense Supply Management Agency Established Established by act of Mar. 2, 1893 (27 Stat 532). in Defense Department by act of July 1, 1952 (66 National Capital Park and Planning Commission Stat. 318). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1953, named successor by act of Apr. 30, 1926 (44 Stat. effective June 30, 1953, and functions transferred to 374). Functions transferred to National Capital Defense Secretary. Planning Commission by act of July 19, 1952 (66 Stat. 781). Defense Transport Administration Established Oct. 4, 1950, by order of Commissioner of Interstate District of Columbia, Reform-School of the Commerce Commission in charge of Bureau of Established by act of May 3, 1876 (19 Stat. 49). Service, pursuant to EO 10161 of Sept. 9, 1950. Renamed National Training School for Boys by act Terminated by DTA Commissioner’s order, effective of May 27, 1908 (35 Stat. 380). Transferred to July 1, 1955, and functions transferred to Bureau of Justice Department by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, Safety and Service, Interstate Commerce effective July 1, 1939, to be administered by Commission. Director of Bureau of Prisons. Defense Transportation, Office of Established in District of Columbia Auditorium Commission Office for Emergency Management by EO 8989 of Established by act of July 1, 1955 (69 Stat. 243). Dec. 18, 1941. Terminated by EO 10065 of July 6, Final report submitted to Congress Jan. 31, 1957, 1949. pursuant to act of Apr. 27, 1956 (70 Stat. 115). Director. See other part of title District of Columbia Redevelopment Land Agency Established by act of Aug. 2, 1946 (60 Stat. 790). Disarmament Administration, U.S. Established in Agency established as instrumentality of District State Department. Functions transferred to U.S. Arms Government by act of Dec. 24, 1973 (87 Stat. 774), Control and Disarmament Agency by act of Sept. 26, effective July 1, 1974. 1961 (75 Stat. 638). District of Columbia-Virginia Boundary Commission Disarmament Problems, President’s Special Established by act of Mar. 21, 1934 (48 Stat. 453). Committee on Established by President Aug. 5, Terminated Dec. 1, 1935, to which date it had been 1955. Dissolved in February 1958. extended by Public Resolution 9 (49 Stat. 67). Disaster Assistance Administration, Federal Division. See other part of title Functions transferred from Housing and Urban Development Department to Federal Emergency Domestic Council Established in Executive Office Management Agency by EO 12148 of July 20, 1979. of the President by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, effective July 1, 1970. Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. Disaster Loan Corporation Grouped with other 1 of 1977, effective Mar. 26, 1978, and functions agencies to form Federal Loan Agency by Reorg. transferred to President and staff designated as Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Domestic Policy Staff. Pursuant to EO 12045 of Mar. Transferred to Commerce Department by EO 9071 27, 1978, Staff assisted President in performance of of Feb. 24, 1942. Returned to Federal Loan Agency transferred functions. Renamed Office of Policy by act of Feb. 24, 1945 (59 Stat. 5). Dissolved by Development in 1981. Abolished in Feb. 1992 by act of June 30, 1945 (59 Stat. 310), and functions President’s reorganizational statement, effective May transferred to Reconstruction Finance Corporation. 1992. Disease Control, Center for Established within the Domestic Policy Staff See Domestic Council Public Health Service by Health, Education, and Welfare Secretary on July 1, 1973. Renamed Centers Dominican Customs Receivership Transferred from for Disease Control by Health and Human Services Division of Territories and Island Possessions, Secretary’s notice of Oct. 1, 1980 (45 FR 67772). Interior Department, to State Department by Reorg. Renamed Centers for Disease Control and Plan No. IV of 1940, effective June 30, 1940. Prevention by act of Oct. 27, 1992 (106 Stat. 3504). Drug Abuse, National Institute on Established Displaced Persons Commission Established by act within the National Institute of Mental Health, of June 25, 1948 (62 Stat. 1009). Terminated Aug. Health, Education, and Welfare Department by act 31, 1952, pursuant to terms of act. of Mar. 21, 1972 (86 Stat. 85). Removed from within the National Institute of Mental Health and made an District of Columbia Established by acts of July 16, entity within the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental 1790 (1 Stat. 130), and Mar. 3, 1791. Corporations Health Administration by act of May 14, 1974 (88 APPENDIX B 771

Stat. 136). Functions transferred to Health and Economic Administration, Foreign Established in Human Services Department by act of Oct. 17, 1979 Office for Emergency Management by EO 9380 of (93 Stat. 695). (See also act of Oct. 27, 1986; 100 Sept. 25, 1943. Functions of Office of Lend-Lease Stat. 3207–106.) Abolished by act of July 10, 1992 Administration, Office of Foreign Relief and (106 Stat. 331). Reestablished by act of July 10, Rehabilitation Operations, Office of Economic 1992 (106 Stat. 361). Warfare (together with U.S. Commercial Company, Rubber Development Corporation, Petroleum Drug Abuse, President’s Advisory Commission on Reserves Corporation, and Export-Import Bank of Narcotic and Established by EO 11076 of Jan. 15, Washington and functions transferred thereto by EO 1963. Terminated November 1963 under terms of 9361 of July 15, 1943), and foreign economic order. operations of Office of Foreign Economic Coordination transferred to Administration. Foreign Drug Abuse Control, Bureau of Established in procurement activities of War Food Administration Food and Drug Administration, Health and Human and Commodity Credit Corporation transferred by Services Department, to carry out functions of act of EO 9385 of Oct. 6, 1943. Terminated by EO 9630 July 15, 1965 (79 Stat. 226). Functions transferred to of Sept. 27, 1945, and functions redistributed to Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, Justice State, Commerce, and Agriculture Departments and Department, by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1968, effective Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Apr. 8, 1968. Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1973, effective July 1, 1973, and functions Economic Analysis, Office of See Business transferred to Drug Enforcement Administration. Economics, Office of

Drug Abuse Law Enforcement, Office of Economic Cooperation Administration Established Established by EO 11641 of Jan. 28, 1972. by act of Apr. 3, 1948 (62 Stat. 138). Abolished by Terminated by EO 11727 of July 6, 1973, and act of Oct. 10, 1951 (65 Stat. 373), and functions functions transferred to Drug Enforcement transferred to Mutual Security Agency pursuant to Administration. EO 10300 of Nov. 1, 1951.

Drug Abuse Policy, Office of Established in Economic Coordination, Office of Foreign See Executive Office of the President by act of Mar. 19, Board of Economic Operations 1976 (90 Stat. 242). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. Economic Defense Board Established by EO 8839 1 of 1977, effective Mar. 26, 1978, and functions of July 30, 1941. Renamed Board of Economic transferred to President. Warfare by EO 8982 of Dec. 17, 1941. Board terminated by EO 9361 of July 15, 1943, and Office Drug Abuse Prevention, Special Action Office for of Economic Warfare established in Office for Established by EO 11599 of June 17, 1971, and act Emergency Management. Office of Economic of Mar. 21, 1972 (86 Stat. 65). Terminated June 30, Warfare consolidated with Foreign Economic 1975, pursuant to terms of act. Administration by EO 9380 of Sept. 25, 1943. Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Economic Development, Office of Regional Rehabilitation, Cabinet Committee on Established Established by Commerce Secretary Jan. 6, 1966, Apr. 27, 1976, by Presidential announcement. pursuant to act of Aug. 26, 1965 (79 Stat. 552). Terminated by Presidential memorandum of Mar. Abolished by Department Order 5A, Dec. 22, 1966, 14, 1977. and functions vested in Economic Development Administration. Drug Law Enforcement, Cabinet Committee for Established Apr. 27, 1976, pursuant to Presidential Economic Development Service, Foreign message to Congress of Apr. 27, 1976. Abolished by Established by order of Agriculture Secretary Nov. 8, Presidential memorandum of Mar. 14, 1977. 1969. Abolished by order of Secretary Feb. 6, 1972, and functions transferred to Economic Research Drugs, Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous See Service. Drug Abuse Control, Bureau of Economic Growth and Stability, Advisory Board on Drugs and Biologics, National Center for Renamed Established by Presidential letter to Congress of June Center for Drugs and Biologics by Food and Drug 1, 1953. Superseded by National Advisory Board on Administration notice of Mar. 9, 1984 (49 FR Economic Policy by Presidential direction Mar. 12, 10166). Reestablished as Center for Drug Evaluation 1961. Cabinet Committee on Economic Growth and Research and Center for Biologics Evaluation established by President Aug. 21, 1962, to succeed and Research by Secretary’s notice of Oct. 6, 1987 Board. (52 FR 38275). Economic Management Support Center Established Drunk Driving, Presidential Commission on by Agriculture Secretary’s Memorandum 1836 of Established by EO 12358 of Apr. 14, 1982. Jan. 9, 1974. Consolidated with other Department Terminated Dec. 31, 1983, by EO 12415 of Apr. 5, units into Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives 1983. Service by Secretary’s Memorandum 1927, effective Dec. 23, 1977. Dryden Research Center, Hugh L. Formerly separate field installation of National Aeronautics Economic Operations, Board of Established by and Space Administration. Made component of State departmental order of Oct. 7, 1941. Abolished Ames Research Center by NASA Management by departmental order of June 24, 1943, and Instruction 1107.5A of Sept. 3, 1981. functions transferred to Office of Foreign Economic 772 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Coordination established by same order. Office 1951. Terminated, except for liquidation purposes, abolished by departmental order of Nov. 6, 1943, by EO 10434 of Feb. 6, 1953. Liquidation pursuant to EO 9380 of Sept. 25, 1943. completed Oct. 31, 1953, pursuant to EO 10480 of Aug. 14, 1953. Economic Opportunity, Office of Established in Executive Office of the President by act of Aug. 20, Economic Stabilization Board Established by EO 1964 (78 Stat. 508). All OEO programs except three 9250 of Oct. 3, 1942. Transferred to Office of War transferred by administrative action to Health, Mobilization and Reconversion by EO 9620 of Sept. Education, and Welfare, Labor, and Housing and 20, 1945. Returned to Office of Economic Urban Development Departments July 6, 1973. Stabilization on reestablishment by EO 9699 of Feb. Community Action, Economic Development, and 21, 1946. Board returned to Office of War Legal Services Programs transferred to Community Mobilization and Reconversion by EO 9762 of July Services Administration by act of Jan. 4, 1975 (88 25, 1946. Functions terminated by EO 9809 of Dec. Stat. 2310). 12, 1946.

Economic Policy, Council on Established by Economic Warfare, Board of See Economic Presidential memorandum of Feb. 2, 1973. Defense Board Functions absorbed by Economic Policy Board Sept. 30, 1974. Economic Warfare, Office of See Economic Defense Board Economic Policy, Council on Foreign Established Dec. 22, 1954, by Presidential letter of Dec. 11, Economics, Bureau of Industrial Established by 1954. Abolished by President Mar. 12, 1961, and Commerce Secretary Jan. 2, 1980, in conjunction functions transferred to Secretary of State. with Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1979, effective Oct. 1, 1980, and operated under Department Organization Economic Policy, Council on International Order 35–5B. Abolished at bureau level by Established in Executive Office of the President by Secretarial order, effective Jan. 22, 1984 (49 FR Presidential memorandum of January 1971. 4538). Industry-related functions realigned and Reestablished by act of Aug. 29, 1972 (86 Stat. 646). transferred from Under Secretary for Economic Terminated Sept. 30, 1977, on expiration of statutory Affairs to Under Secretary for International Trade. authority. Under Secretary for Economic Affairs retained units to support domestic macroeconomic policy Economic Policy, National Advisory Board on See functions. Economic Growth and Stability, Advisory Board on Economic Policy Board, President’s Established by Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Service EO 11808 of Sept. 30, 1974. Terminated by EO Renamed Economics and Statistics Service by 11975 of Mar. 7, 1977. Agriculture Secretary’s Memorandum 2025 of Sept. 17, 1980. Redesignated as Economic Research Economic Research Service Established by Service and Statistical Reporting Service by Agriculture Secretary’s Memorandum 1446, supp. 1, Secretarial order of Oct. 1, 1981. of Apr. 3, 1961. Consolidated with other Agriculture Department units into Economics, Statistics, and Economy Board, Joint Placed under direction of Cooperatives Service by Secretary’s Memorandum President by military order of July 5, 1939. 1927, effective Dec. 23, 1977. Redesignated as Abolished Sept. 1, 1947, by joint letter of Aug. 20, Economic Research Service by Secretarial order of 1947, from Secretaries of War and Navy to Oct. 1, 1981. President. Economic Security, Advisory Council on Education, Federal Board for Vocational Established by EO 6757 of June 29, 1934. Established by act of Feb. 23, 1917 (39 Stat. 929). Terminated on approval of act of Aug. 14, 1935 (49 Functions transferred to Interior Department by EO Stat. 620) Aug. 14, 1935. 6166 of June 10, 1933. Functions assigned to Commissioner of Education Oct. 10, 1933. Office of Economic Security, Committee on Established by Education transferred from Interior Department to EO 6757 of June 29, 1934. Terminated as formal Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of agency in April 1936, as provided in act, but 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Board abolished by continued informally for some time thereafter. Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1946, effective July 16, 1946. Economic Stabilization, Office of Established in Education, National Institute of Established by act Office for Emergency Management by EO 9250 of of June 23, 1972 (86 Stat. 327). Transferred to Office Oct. 3, 1942. Terminated by EO 9620 of Sept. 20, of Educational Research and Improvement, 1945, and functions transferred to Office of War Education Department, by act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Mobilization and Reconversion. Reestablished in Stat. 678), effective May 4, 1980. Office for Emergency Management by EO 9699 of Feb. 21, 1946. Transferred by EO 9762 of July 25, Education, Office of Established as independent 1946, to Office of War Mobilization and agency by act of Mar. 2, 1867 (14 Stat. 434). Reconversion. Consolidated with other agencies to Transferred to Interior Department by act of July 20, form Office of Temporary Controls by EO 9809 of 1868 (15 Stat. 106). Transferred to Federal Security Dec. 12, 1946. Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Functions of Federal Security Administrator Economic Stabilization Agency Established by EO administered by Office of Education relating to 10161 of Sept. 9, 1950, and EO 10276 of July 31, student loans and defense-related education APPENDIX B 773

transferred to War Manpower Commission by EO Department by EO 9071 of Feb. 24, 1942. 9247 of Sept. 17, 1942. Terminated by EO 9256 of Oct. 13, 1942.

Education, Office of Bilingual Abolished by act of Electric Home and Farm Authority, Inc. Organized Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Stat. 675), and functions Jan. 17, 1934, under laws of State of Delaware by transferred to Office of Bilingual Education and EO 6514 of Dec. 19, 1933. Dissolved Aug. 1, 1935, Minority Languages Affairs, Education Department. and succeeded by Electric Home and Farm Authority. Education Beyond the High School, President’s Committee on Established by act of July 26, 1956 Emergency Administration of Public Works, Federal (70 Stat. 676). Terminated Dec. 31, 1957. Certain Established by act of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. 200). activities continued by Bureau of Higher Education, Operation continued by subsequent legislation, Office of Education. including act of June 21, 1938 (52 Stat. 816). Consolidated with Federal Works Agency as Public Education Division Established in Health, Works Administration by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, Education, and Welfare Department by act of June effective July 1, 1939. Functions transferred to Office 23, 1972 (86 Stat. 327). Functions transferred to of Federal Works Administrator by EO 9357 of June Education Department by act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 30, 1943. Stat. 677). Emergency Conservation Work Established by EO Education Statistics, National Center for 6101 of Apr. 5, 1933. Succeeded by Civilian Established in the Office of the Assistant Secretary, Conservation Corps. Health and Human Services Department, by act of Emergency Council, National Established by EO Aug. 21, 1974 (88 Stat. 556). Transferred to the 6433–A of Nov. 17, 1933. Consolidated with Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Executive Council by EO 6889–A of Oct. 29, 1934. Education Department, by act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective Stat. 678), effective May 4, 1980. Renamed Center July 1, 1939, and functions (except those relating to for Education Statistics by act of Oct. 17, 1986 (100 Radio Division and Film Service) transferred to Stat. 1579). Renamed National Center for Education Executive Office of the President. Statistics by act of Apr. 28, 1988 (102 Stat. 331). Emergency Council, Office of Economic Adviser to Educational and Cultural Affairs, Bureau of National Established by EO 6240 of Aug. 3, 1933, Established by Secretary of State in 1960. in connection with Executive Council, which later Terminated by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, effective consolidated with National Emergency Council. July 1, 1978, and functions transferred to Records and property used in preparation of International Communication Agency, effective Apr. statistical and economic summaries transferred to 1, 1978. Central Statistical Board by EO 7003 of Apr. 8, Educational and Cultural Affairs, Interagency 1935. Council on International Established Jan. 20, 1964, Emergency Management, Liaison Officer for by Foreign Affairs Manual Circular, under authority Resignation of Liaison Officer for Emergency of act of Sept. 21, 1961 (75 Stat. 527). Terminated Management accepted by Presidential letter of Nov. Oct. 1973 following creation of Subcommittee on 3, 1943, and no successor appointed. Liaison International Exchanges by National Security facilities terminated pursuant to optional provisions Council directive. of administrative order of Jan. 7, 1941. Educational Exchange, U.S. Advisory Commission Emergency Management, Office for Established in on Established by act of Jan. 27, 1948 (62 Stat. 10). Executive Office of the President by administrative Abolished by act of Sept. 21, 1961 (75 Stat. 538), order of May 25, 1940, in accordance with EO 8248 and superseded by U.S. Advisory Commission on of Sept. 8, 1939. Inactive. International Educational and Cultural Affairs. Emergency Mobilization Preparedness Board Efficiency, Bureau of Organized under act of Feb. Established Dec. 17, 1981, by the President. 28, 1916 (39 Stat. 15). Abolished by act of Mar. 3, Abolished by Presidential directive of Sept. 16, 1933 (47 Stat. 1519), and records transferred to 1985. Bureau of the Budget. Emergency Planning, Office of Established as Elderly, Committee on Mental Health and Illness of successor to Office of Civil and Defense the Established by act of July 29, 1975 (89 Stat. Mobilization by act of Sept. 22, 1961 (75 Stat. 630). 347). Terminated Sept. 30, 1977. Renamed Office of Emergency Preparedness by act of Oct. 21, 1968 (82 Stat. 1194). Terminated by Electoral votes for President and Vice President, Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1973, effective July 1, 1973, transfer of functions See State Department and functions transferred to the Treasury and Housing and Urban Development Departments and Electric Home and Farm Authority Incorporated General Services Administration. Aug. 1, 1935, under laws of District of Columbia. Designated as U.S. agency by EO 7139 of Aug. 12, Emergency Preparedness, Office of See Emergency 1935. Continued by act of June 10, 1941 (55 Stat. Planning, Office of 248). Grouped with other agencies in Federal Loan Agency by Reorg. Plan. No. I of 1939, effective July Emergency Procurement Service Established Sept. 1, 1939. Functions transferred to Commerce 1, 1950, by Administrator of General Services. 774 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Renamed Defense Materials Service Sept. 7, 1956. Employment Service, U.S. Established in Labor Functions transferred to Property Management and Department in 1918 by departmental order. Disposal Service July 29, 1966. Service abolished Abolished by act of June 6, 1933 (48 Stat. 113), and July 1, 1973, and functions transferred to Federal created as bureau with same name. Functions Supply Service, Public Buildings Service, and consolidated with unemployment compensation Federal Property Resources Service. functions of Social Security Board, Bureau of Employment Security, and transferred to Federal Emergency Relief Administration, Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, Established by act of May 12, 1933 (48 Stat. 55). effective July 1, 1939. Service transferred to Bureau Expired June 30, 1938, having been liquidated by of Placement, War Manpower Commission, by EO Works Progress Administrator pursuant to act of May 9247 of Sept. 17, 1942. Returned to Labor 28, 1937 (50 Stat. 352). Department by EO 9617 of Sept. 19, 1945. Transferred to Federal Security Agency by act of Employee-Management Relations Program, June 16, 1948 (62 Stat. 443), to function as part of President’s Committee on the Implementation of Bureau of Employment Security, Social Security the Federal Established by EO 10988 of Jan. 17, Administration. Bureau, including U.S. Employment 1962. Terminated upon submission of report to Service, transferred to Labor Department by Reorg. President June 21, 1963. Plan No. 2 of 1949, effective Aug. 20, 1949. Abolished by reorganization of Manpower Employees’ Compensation, Bureau of Transferred Administration, effective Mar. 17, 1969, and from Federal Security Agency to Labor Department functions assigned to U.S. Training and Employment by Reorg. Plan No. 19 of 1950, effective May 24, Service. 1950. Functions absorbed by Employment Standards Administration Mar. 13, 1972. Employment Stabilization Board, Federal Established by act of Feb. 10, 1931 (46 Stat. 1085). Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board Abolished by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Abolition Transferred from Federal Security Agency to Labor deferred by EO 6623 of Mar. 1, 1934, until Department by Reorg. Plan No. 19 of 1950, effective functions of Board transferred to Federal May 24, 1950. Employment Stabilization Office, established in Commerce Department by same order. Office Employees’ Compensation Commission, U.S. abolished by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective Established by act of Sept. 7, 1916 (39 Stat. 742). July 1, 1939, and functions transferred from Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1946, effective Commerce Department to National Resources July 16, 1946, and functions transferred to Federal Planning Board, Executive Office of the President. Security Administrator. Employment Stabilization Office, Federal. See Employment Board, Fair Established by U.S. Civil Employment Stabilization Board, Federal Service Commission pursuant to EO 9980 of July 26, 1948. Abolished by EO 10590 of Jan. 18, 1955. Employment and Training, Office of Comprehensive Established in Labor Department. Terminated due to Employment of the Physically Handicapped, expiration of authority for appropriations after fiscal President’s Committee on Established by EO year 1982. Replaced by Office of Employment and 10640 of Oct. 10, 1955, continuing Committee Training Programs. established by act of July 11, 1949 (63 Stat. 409). Superseded by President’s Committee on Employment and Training Programs, Office of Employment of the Handicapped established by EO Renamed Office of Job Training Programs by 10994 of Feb. 14, 1962. Employment and Training Administration reorganization in Labor Department, effective June Employment Policy, President’s Committee on 1984. Government Established by EO 10590 of Jan. 18, 1955. Abolished by EO 10925 of Mar. 6, 1961, and Endangered Species Scientific Authority functions transferred to President’s Committee on Established by EO 11911 of Apr. 13, 1976. Equal Employment Opportunity. Terminated by act of Dec. 28, 1979 (93 Stat. 1228), and functions transferred to Interior Secretary. Employment Practice, Committee on Fair Established in Office of Production Management by Energy Administration, Federal Established by act EO 8802 of June 25, 1941. Transferred to War of May 7, 1974 (88 Stat. 96). Assigned additional Manpower Commission by Presidential letter responsibilities by acts of June 22, 1974 (88 Stat. effective July 30, 1942. Committee terminated on 246), Dec. 22, 1975 (89 Stat. 871), and Aug. 14, establishment of Committee on Fair Employment 1976 (90 Stat. 1125). Terminated by act of Aug. 4, Practice, Office for Emergency Management, by EO 1977 (91 Stat. 577), and functions transferred to 9346 of May 27, 1943. Terminated June 30, 1946, Energy Department. by act of July 17, 1945 (59 Stat. 743). Energy Conservation, Office of Established by Employment Security, Bureau of Transferred from Interior Secretarial Order 2953 May 7, 1973. Federal Security Agency to Labor Department by Functions transferred to Federal Energy Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1949, effective Aug. 20, 1949. Administration by act of May 7, 1974 (88 Stat. 100). Abolished by Labor Secretary’s order of Mar. 14, 1969, and functions transferred to Manpower Energy Data and Analysis, Office of Established by Administration. Interior Secretarial Order 2953 of May 7, 1973. APPENDIX B 775

Functions transferred to Federal Energy Geodetic Survey. Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 4 of Administration by act of May 7, 1974 (88 Stat. 100). 1970, effective Oct. 3, 1970, and functions transferred to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Energy Policy Office Established in Executive Administration. Office of the President by EO 11726 of June 29, 1973. Abolished by EO 11775 of Mar. 26, 1974. Equal Employment Opportunity, President’s Committee on Established by EO 10925 of Mar. 6, Energy Programs, Office of Established by 1961. Abolished by EO 11246 of Sept. 24, 1965, Commerce Department Organization Order 25–7A, and functions transferred to Labor Department and effective Sept. 24, 1975. Terminated by act of Aug. U.S. Civil Service Commission. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 581), and functions transferred to Energy Department. Equal Opportunity, President’s Council on Established by EO 11197 of Feb. 5, 1965. Abolished Energy Research and Development Administration Established by act of Oct. 11, 1974 (88 Stat. 1234). by EO 11247 of Sept. 24, 1965, and functions Assigned responsibilities by acts of Sept. 3, 1974 (88 transferred to Justice Department. Stat. 1069, 1079), Oct. 26, 1974 (88 Stat. 1431), Equipment, Bureau of Established as Bureau of and Dec. 31, 1974 (88 Stat. 1887). Terminated by Equipment and Recruiting by act of July 5, 1862 (12 act of Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 577), and functions Stat. 510), replacing Bureau of Construction, transferred to Energy Department. Equipment and Repairs. Designated as Bureau of Energy Resources Council Established in Executive Equipment in annual appropriation acts commencing Office of the President by act of Oct. 11, 1974 (88 with fiscal year 1892 (26 Stat. 192) after cognizance Stat. 1233). Establishing authority repealed by act of over enlisted personnel matters transferred, effective Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 608), and Council terminated. July 1, 1889, to Bureau of Navigation. Functions distributed among bureaus and offices in Navy Energy Supplies and Resources Policy, Presidential Department by act of June 24, 1910 (61 Stat. 613). Advisory Committee on Established July 30, 1954, Abolished by act of June 30, 1914 (38 Stat. 408). by President. Abolished Mar. 12, 1961, by President and functions transferred to Interior Secretary. Ethics, Office of Government Established in the Office of Personnel Management by act of Oct. 26, Enforcement Commission, National Established by 1978 (92 Stat. 1862). Changed to independent General Order 18 of Economic Stabilization executive agency status by act of Nov. 3, 1988 (102 Administrator, effective July 30, 1952. Functions Stat. 3031). transferred to Director, Office of Defense Mobilization, and Attorney General by EO 10494 of European Migration, Intergovernmental Committee Oct. 14, 1953. for Renamed Intergovernmental Committee for Migration by Resolution 624, passed by Engineering, Bureau of See Steam Engineering, Intergovernmental Committee for European Bureau of Migration Council, effective Nov. 11, 1980. Entomology, Bureau of See Entomology and Plant Evacuation, Joint Committee on See Health and Quarantine, Bureau of Welfare Aspects of Evacuation of Civilians, Joint Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Bureau of Committee on Bureau of Entomology and Bureau of Plant Quarantine created by acts of Apr. 23, 1904 (33 Exchange Service, International Established in Stat. 276), and July 7, 1932 (47 Stat. 640), 1849 in Smithsonian Institution. Renamed Office of respectively. Consolidated with disease control and Publications Exchange by Secretary’s internal eradication functions of Bureau of Plant Industry into directive of Jan. 11, 1985. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine by act Executive Branch of the Government, Commission of Mar. 23, 1934 (48 Stat. 467). Functions on Organization of the Established by act of July transferred to Agricultural Research Service by 7, 1947 (61 Stat. 246). Terminated June 12, 1949, Secretary’s Memorandum 1320, supp. 4, of Nov. 2, pursuant to terms of act. Second Commission on 1953. Organization of the Executive Branch of the Environment, Cabinet Committee on the See Government established by act of July 10, 1953 (67 Environmental Quality Council Stat. 142). Terminated June 30, 1955, pursuant to terms of act. Environmental Financing Authority Established by act of Oct. 18, 1972 (86 Stat. 899). Expired June 30, Executive Council Established by EO 6202–A of 1975, pursuant to terms of act. July 11, 1933. Consolidated with National Emergency Council by EO 6889–A of Oct. 29, 1934. Environmental Quality Council Established by EO 11472 of May 29, 1969. Renamed Cabinet Executive Exchange, President’s Commission on Committee on the Environment by EO 11514 of See Personnel Interchange, President’s Commission Mar. 5, 1970. EO 11514 terminated by EO 11541 on of July 1, 1970. Executive orders See State Department Environmental Science Services Administration Established in Commerce Department by Reorg. Plan Executive Organization, President’s Advisory No. 2 of 1965, effective July 13, 1965, by Council on Established by President Apr. 5, 1969. consolidating Weather Bureau and Coast and Terminated May 7, 1971. 776 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Executives, Active Corps of Established in ACTION Family Services, Bureau of See Assistance, Bureau by act of Oct. 1, 1973 (87 Stat. 404). Transferred to of Public Small Business Administration by EO 11871 of July 18, 1975. Family Support Administration Established on Apr. 4, 1986, in Health and Human Services Department Exhibits, Supervisor of Established by Interior under authority of section 6 of Reorganization Plan Department. Abolished in 1941 due to lack of No. 1 of 1953, effective Apr. 11, 1953 (see also 51 funding. FR 11641). Merged into Administration for Children and Families by Secretary’s reorganization notice Export Control, Administrator of Functions dated Apr. 15, 1991. delegated to Administrator by Proc. 2413 of July 2, 1940, transferred to Office of Export Control, Farm Board, Federal Established by act of June 15, Economic Defense Board, by EO 8900 of Sept. 15, 1929 (46 Stat. 11). Renamed Farm Credit 1941. Renamed Board of Economic Warfare by EO Administration and certain functions abolished by 8982 of Dec. 17, 1941. Board terminated by EO EO 6084 of Mar. 27, 1933. Administration placed 9361 of July 15, 1943. under Agriculture Department by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Made independent Export Control, Office of See Export Control, agency in the executive branch of the Government, Administrator of to be housed in the Agriculture Department, by act of Aug. 6, 1953 (67 Stat. 390). Removed from Export-Import Bank of Washington Organization Agriculture Department by act of Dec. 10, 1971 (85 of District of Columbia banking corporation directed Stat. 617). by EO 6581 of Feb. 2, 1934. Certificate of incorporation filed Feb. 12, 1934. Grouped with Farm Credit Administration See Farm Board, other agencies to form Federal Loan Agency by Federal Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Transferred to Commerce Department by EO 9071 Farm Loan Board, Federal Established in Treasury of Feb. 24, 1942. Functions transferred to Office of Department to administer act of July 17, 1916 (39 Economic Warfare by EO 9361 of July 15, 1943. Stat. 360). Offices of appointed members of Board, Established as permanent independent agency by act except member designated as Farm Loan of July 31, 1945 (59 Stat. 526). Renamed Export- Commissioner, abolished by EO 6084 of Mar. 27, Import Bank of the U.S. by act of Mar. 13, 1968 (82 1933, and Board functions transferred to Farm Loan Stat. 47). Commissioner, subject to jurisdiction and control of Farm Credit Administration. Title changed to Land Export-Import Bank of Washington, DC, Second Bank Commissioner by act of June 16, 1933. Authorized by EO 6638 of Mar. 9, 1934. Abolished Abolished by act of Aug. 6, 1953 (67 Stat. 393). by EO 7365 of May 7, 1936, and records transferred to Export-Import Bank of Washington, effective June Farm Loan Bureau, Federal Established in Treasury 30, 1936. Department under supervision of Federal Farm Loan Board and charged with execution of act of July 17, Export Marketing Service Established by 1916 (39 Stat. 360). Transferred to Farm Credit Agriculture Secretary Mar. 28, 1969. Merged with Administration by EO 6084 of Mar. 27, 1933. Foreign Agricultural Service by Secretary’s memorandum of Dec. 7, 1973, effective Feb. 3, Farm Loan Commissioner See Farm Loan Board, 1974. Federal

Exports and Requirements, Division of Established Farm Mortgage Corporation, Federal Established in Office of Foreign Economic Coordination by State by act of Jan. 31, 1934 (48 Stat. 344). Transferred to Departmental order of Feb. 1, 1943. Abolished by Agriculture Department by Reorg. Plan No. I of departmental order of Nov. 6, 1943, pursuant to EO 1939, effective July 1, 1939, to operate under 9380 of Sept. 25, 1943. supervision of Farm Credit Administration. Abolished by act of Oct. 4, 1961 (75 Stat. 773). Extension Service Established by act of May 14, 1914 (38 Stat. 372). Consolidated into Science and Farm Products, Division of (Also known as Education Administration by Secretary’s order of Jan. Division of Agriculture) Established by Advisory 24, 1978. Reestablished as Extension Service by Commission to Council of National Defense Secretarial order of June 16, 1981. Became part of pursuant to act of Aug. 29, 1916 (39 Stat. 649). Cooperative State, Research, Education, and Office of Agricultural Defense Relations (later known Extension Service under Department of Agriculture’s as Office for Agricultural War Relations) established reorganization in 1995. in Agriculture Department by Presidential letter of May 5, 1941, which transferred to Agriculture Facts and Figures, Office of Established in Office Secretary functions previously assigned to Division for Emergency Management by EO 8922 of Oct. 24, of Agriculture. Functions concerned with food 1941. Consolidated with Office of War Information production transferred to Food Production in Office for Emergency Management by EO 9182 of Administration and functions concerned with food June 13, 1942. distribution transferred to Food Distribution Administration by EO 9280 of Dec. 5, 1942. Family Security Committee Established in Office of Defense Health and Welfare Services Feb. 12, 1941, Farm Security Administration See Resettlement by administrative order. Terminated Dec. 17, 1942. Administration APPENDIX B 777

Farm Service Agency Established by Secretary’s Filipino Rehabilitation Commission Established by Memorandum 1010–1 dated Oct. 20, 1994, under act of June 29, 1944 (58 Stat. 626). Inactive pursuant authority of the act of Oct. 13, 1994 (7 U.S.C. to terms of act. 6901), and assumed certain functions of the Film Service, U.S. Established by National Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, Emergency Council in September 1938. Transferred the Farmers’ Home Administration, and the Federal to Office of Education, Federal Security Agency, by Crop Insurance Corporation. Renamed Consolidated Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Farm Service Agency by Acting Administrator on Terminated June 30, 1940. Dec. 19, 1994. Films, Coordinator of Government Director of Farmer Cooperative Service Established by Office of Government Reports designated Agriculture Secretary’s Memorandum 1320, supp. 4, Coordinator of Government Films by Presidential of Dec. 4, 1953. Consolidated with other Agriculture letter of Dec. 18, 1941. Functions transferred to Department units into Economics, Statistics, and Office of War Information by EO 9182 of June 13, Cooperatives Service by Secretary’s Memorandum 1942. 1927, effective Dec. 23, 1977. Financial Operations, Bureau of Government Farmers’ Home Administration. See Resettlement Renamed Financial Management Service by Treasury Administration Secretary’s Order 145–21, effective Oct. 10, 1984.

Federal. See also other part of title Fire Administration, U.S. See Fire Prevention and Control Administration, National Federal Advisory Council Established in Federal Security Agency by act of June 6, 1933 (48 Stat. Fire Council, Federal Established by EO 7397 of June 20, 1936. Transferred July 1, 1939, to Federal 116). Transferred to Labor Department by Reorg. Works Agency by EO 8194 of July 6, 1939, with Plan No. 2 of 1949, effective Aug. 20, 1949. functions under direction of Federal Works Federal Crop Insurance Corporation Established Administrator. Transferred with Federal Works by act of Feb. 16, 1938. Consolidated with the Agency to General Services Administration by act of Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service June 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 380). Transferred to Commerce Department by EO 11654 of Mar. 13, and Farmers’ Home Administration in 1995 to form 1972. the Farm Service Agency pursuant to act of Oct. 13, 1994 (108 Stat. 3178). Fire Prevention and Control, National Academy for Established in Commerce Department by act of Oct. Federal Grain Inspection Service Established in the 29, 1974 (88 Stat. 1537). Transferred to Federal Agriculture Department by act of Oct. 21, 1976 (90 Emergency Management Agency by Reorg. Plan No. Stat. 2868). Abolished by Secretary’s Memorandum 3 of 1978, effective Apr. 1, 1979. 1010–1 dated Oct. 20, 1994, and program authority and functions transferred to the Grain Inspection, Fire Prevention and Control Administration, Packers and Stockyards Administration. National Renamed U.S. Fire Administration by act of Oct. 5, 1978 (92 Stat. 932). Transferred to Federal Federal Register, Administrative Committee of the Emergency Management Agency by Reorg. Plan No. See Archives Establishment, National 3 of 1978, effective Apr. 1, 1979.

Federal Register, Division of the Established by act Fish Commission, U.S. Commissioner of Fish and of July 26, 1935 (49 Stat. 500). Transferred to Fisheries established as head of U.S. Fish General Services Administration as part of National Commission by joint resolution of Feb. 9, 1871 (16 Archives and Records Service by act of June 30, Stat. 594). Commission established as Bureau of 1949 (63 Stat. 381). Renamed Office of the Federal Fisheries in Department of Commerce and Labor by Register by order of General Services Administrator, act of Feb. 14, 1903 (32 Stat. 827). Labor Feb. 6, 1959. Transferred to National Archives and Department created by act of Mar. 4, 1913 (37 Stat. Records Administration by act of Oct. 19, 1984 (98 736), and Bureau remained in Commerce Stat. 2283). Department. Transferred to Interior Department by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Federal Register, Office of the See Federal Consolidated with Bureau of Biological Survey into Register, Division of the Fish and Wildlife Service by Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, effective June 30, 1940. Federal Reserve Board Renamed Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and Fish and Wildlife Service Established by Reorg. Governor and Vice Governor designated as Plan No. III of 1940, effective June 30, 1940, consolidating Bureau of Fisheries and Bureau of Chairman and Vice Chairman, respectively, of Board Biological Survey. Succeeded by U.S. Fish and by act of Aug. 23, 1935 (49 Stat. 704). Wildlife Service. Field Services, Office of Established by Commerce Fisheries, Bureau of See Fish Commission, U.S. Secretary Feb. 1, 1963, by Department Organization Order 40–3. Terminated by Department Fisheries, Bureau of Commercial Organized in Organization Order 40–1A of Sept. 15, 1970, and 1959 under U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior functions transferred to Bureau of Domestic Department. Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 4 of Commerce. 1970, effective Oct. 3, 1970, and functions 778 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

transferred to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Mar. 26, 1943, under direction of Administrator, Administration. directly responsible to President. Renamed War Food Administration by EO 9334 of Apr. 19, 1943. Fishery Coordination, Office of Established in Terminated by EO 9577 of June 29, 1945, and Interior Department by EO 9204 of July 21, 1942. functions transferred to Agriculture Secretary. Terminated by EO 9649 of Oct. 29, 1945. Transfer made permanent by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of Flood Indemnity Administration, Federal 1946, effective July 16, 1946. Established in Housing and Home Finance Agency Food Safety and Quality Service Renamed Food by Administrator’s Organizational Order 1, effective Safety and Inspection Service by Agriculture Sept. 28, 1956, redesignated as Administrator’s Secretary’s memorandum of June 19, 1981. Organizational Order 2 on Dec. 7, 1956, pursuant to act of Aug. 7, 1956 (70 Stat. 1078). Abolished by Foods, Bureau of Renamed Center for Food Safety Administrator’s Organizational Order 3, effective and Applied Nutrition by Food and Drug July 1, 1957, due to lack of funding. Administration notice of Mar. 9, 1984 (49 FR 10166). Food, Cost of Living Council Committee on Established by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, 1973. Foreign. See also other part of title Abolished by EO 11788 of June 18, 1974. Foreign Aid, Advisory Committee on Voluntary Food, Drug, and Insecticide Administration Established by President May 14, 1946. Transferred Established by act of Jan. 18, 1927 (44 Stat. 1002). from State Department to Director, Mutual Security Renamed Food and Drug Administration by act of Agency, and later to Director, Foreign Operations May 27, 1930 (46 Stat. 422). Transferred from Administration, by Presidential letter of June 1, Agriculture Department to Federal Security Agency 1953. by Reorg. Plan No. IV of 1940, effective June 30, 1940. Transferred to Health, Education, and Welfare Foreign Operations Administration Established by Department by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953, effective Reorg. Plan No. 7 of 1953, effective Aug. 1, 1953, Apr. 11, 1953. and functions transferred from Office of Director of Mutual Security, Mutual Security Agency, Technical Food Distribution Administration Established in Cooperation Administration, Institute of Inter- Agriculture Department by EO 9280 of Dec. 5, American Affairs. Abolished by EO 10610 of May 9, 1942, consolidating Agricultural Marketing 1955, and functions and offices transferred to State Administration, Sugar Agency, distribution functions and Defense Departments. of Office for Agricultural War Relations, regulatory work of Bureau of Animal Industry, and food units Foreign Scholarships, Board of Renamed J. of War Production Board. Consolidated with other William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board by act agencies by EO 9322 of Mar. 26, 1943, to form of Feb. 16, 1990 (104 Stat. 49). Administration of Food Production and Distribution. Forest Reservation Commission, National Food and Drug Administration See Food, Drug, and Established by act of Mar. 1, 1911 (36 Stat. 962). Insecticide Administration Terminated by act of Oct. 22, 1976 (90 Stat. 2961), Food Industry Advisory Committee Established by and functions transferred to Agriculture Secretary. EO 11627 of Oct. 15, 1971. Abolished by EO Forests, Director of Established by Administrative 11781 of May 1, 1974. Order 1283 of May 18, 1938. Made part of Office Food and Nutrition Service Established Aug. 8, of Land Utilization, Interior Department, by 1969, by Secretary of Agriculture under authority of Administrative Order 1466 of Apr. 15, 1940. 5 U.S.C. 301 and Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1953 (5 Freedmen’s Hospital Established by act of Mar. 3, U.S.C. app.). Abolished by Secretary’s Memorandum 1871 (16 Stat. 506; T. 32 of D.C. Code). Transferred 1010–1 dated Oct. 20, 1994. Functions assumed by from Interior Department to Federal Security Agency Food and Consumer Service. by Reorg. Plan No. IV of 1940, effective June 30, Food Production Administration Established in 1940. Agriculture Department by EO 9280 of Dec. 5, Fuel Yards Established by act of July 1, 1918 (40 1942, which consolidated Agricultural Adjustment Stat. 672). Transferred from Bureau of Mines, Agency, Farm Credit Administration, Farm Security Commerce Department, to Procurement Division, Administration, Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, Treasury Department, by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933, Soil Conservation Service, and food production effective Mar. 2, 1934. activities of War Production Board, Office of Agricultural War Relations, and Division of Farm Fuels Coordinator for War, Office of Solid See Management and Costs, Bureau of Agricultural Fuels Administration for War, Solid Economics. Consolidated with other agencies by EO 9322 of Mar. 26, 1943, to form Administration of Fuels Corporation, U.S. Synthetic Established by Food Production and Distribution. act of June 30, 1980 (94 Stat. 636). Terminated Apr. 18, 1986, by act of Dec. 19, 1985 (99 Stat. 1249), Food Production and Distribution, Administration and functions transferred to Treasury Secretary. of Established by consolidation of Food Production Administration, Food Distribution Administration, Fund-Raising Within the Federal Service, President’s Commodity Credit Corporation, and Extension Committee on Established by EO 10728 of Sept. 6, Service, Agriculture Department, by EO 9322 of 1957. Abolished by EO 10927 of Mar. 18, 1961, APPENDIX B 779

and functions transferred to U.S. Civil Service Grants and Program Systems, Office of Abolished Commission. and functions transferred to Cooperative State Research Service, Agriculture Department, by Gallaudet College See Columbia Institution for the Secretarial Memorandum 1020–26 of July 1, 1986. Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, and the Blind Grazing Service Consolidated with General Land General Programs, Office of Renamed Office of Office into Bureau of Land Management, Interior Public Programs by the Chairman, National Department, by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1946, effective Endowment for the Humanities, in January 1991. July 16, 1946.

Geographic Board, U.S. Established by EO 27–A of Great Lakes Basin Commission Established by EO Sept. 4, 1890. Abolished by EO 6680 of Apr. 17, 11345 of Apr. 20, 1967. Terminated by EO 12319 1935, and duties transferred to U.S. Board on of Sept. 9, 1981. Geographical Names, Interior Department, effective June 17, 1934. Board abolished by act of July 25, Great Lakes Pilotage Administration Established in 1947 (61 Stat. 457), and duties assumed by Board Commerce Department to administer act of June 30, on Geographic Names. 1960 (74 Stat. 259). Administration of act transferred to Transportation Secretary by act of Oct. 15, 1966 Geographical Names, U.S. Board on See (80 Stat. 931). Geographic Board, U.S. Handicapped, National Center on Education Media Geography, Office of Function of standardizing and Materials for the Established by agreement foreign place names placed in Interior Department between Health, Education, and Welfare Secretary conjointly with Board on Geographic Names by act and Ohio State University, pursuant to acts of Aug. of July 25, 1947 (61 Stat. 456). Functions transferred 20, 1969 (83 Stat. 102) and Apr. 13, 1970 (84 Stat. to Defense Department by memorandum of 187). Authorization deleted by act of Nov. 29, 1975 understanding by Interior and Defense Departments (89 Stat. 795), and Secretary authorized to enter into and Bureau of the Budget Mar. 9, 1968. agreements with non-Federal organizations to establish and operate centers for handicapped. Geological Survey Established in the Interior Department by act of Mar. 3, 1879 (20 Stat. 394). Handicapped, National Council on the Established Renamed United States Geological Survey by acts of in Health, Education, and Welfare Department by Nov. 13, 1991 (105 Stat. 1000) and May 18, 1992 act of Nov. 6, 1978 (92 Stat. 2977). Transferred to (106 Stat. 172). Education Department by act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Stat. 677). Reorganized as independent agency by Germany, Mixed Claims Commission, U.S. and act of Feb. 22, 1984 (98 Stat. 26). Established by agreement of Aug. 10, 1922, between U.S. and Germany. Duties extended by agreement of Handicapped Employees, Interagency Committee Dec. 31, 1928. Time limit for filing claims expired on Alternately renamed Interagency Committee on June 30, 1928. All claims disposed of by Oct. 30, Employment of People with Disabilities by EO 1939. Terminated June 30, 1941. 12704 of Feb. 26, 1990.

Goethals Memorial Commission Established by act Handicapped Individuals, White House Conference of Aug. 4, 1935 (49 Stat. 743). Placed under on Established by act of Dec. 7, 1974 (88 Stat. jurisdiction of War Department by EO 8191 of July 1617). Terminated Dec. 30, 1977, pursuant to terms 5, 1939. of act.

Government. See other part of title Handicapped Research, National Institute of Renamed National Institute on Disability and Grain Futures Administration Established in Rehabilitation Research by act of Oct. 21, 1986 (100 Agriculture Department under provisions of act of Stat. 1820). Sept. 21, 1922 (42 Stat. 998). Superseded by Commodity Exchange Administration by order of Health, Cost of Living Council Committee on Secretary, effective July 1, 1936. Consolidated with Established by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, 1973. other agencies into Commodity Exchange Branch, Abolished by EO 11788 of June 18, 1974. Agricultural Marketing Administration, by EO 9069 of Feb. 23, 1942. Functions transferred to Health, Education, and Welfare, Department of Agriculture Secretary by EO 9577 of June 29, 1945. Established by Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953 (5 Transfer made permanent by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of U.S.C. app.), effective Apr. 11, 1953. Renamed 1946, effective July 16, 1946. Functions transferred Health and Human Services Department by act of to Commodity Exchange Authority by Secretary’s Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Stat. 695). Memorandum 1185 of Jan. 21, 1947. Functions transferred to Commodity Futures Trading Health, Welfare, and Related Defense Activities, Commission by act of Oct. 23, 1974 (88 Stat. 1414). Office of the Coordinator of Federal Security Administrator designated as Coordinator of health, Grain Stabilization Corporation Organized as welfare, and related fields of activity affecting Delaware corporation to operate in connection with national defense, including aspects of education Federal Farm Board pursuant to act of June 15, 1929 under Federal Security Agency, by Council of (46 Stat. 11). Terminated by filing of certificate of National Defense, with approval of President, Nov. dissolution with Corporation Commission of State of 28, 1940. Office of Coordinator superseded by Delaware Dec. 14, 1935. Office of Defense Health and Welfare Services, 780 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

established in Office for Emergency Services by EO National Center for Health Services Research and 8890 of Sept. 3, 1941. Health Care Technology Assessment by Secretary’s order, pursuant to act of Oct. 30, 1984 (98 Stat. Health Care Technology, National Council on 2817). Terminated by act of Dec. 19, 1989 (103 Established by act of July 1, 1944, as amended (92 Stat. 2205). Stat. 3447). Renamed Council on Health Care Technology by act of Oct. 30, 1984 (98 Stat. 2820). Health Statistics, National Center for Established Name lowercased by act of Oct. 7, 1985 (99 Stat. by act of July 23, 1974 (88 Stat. 363). Transferred 493). Terminated by act of Dec. 19, 1989 (103 Stat. from Health Resources Administration to Office of 2205). the Assistant Secretary for Health by Health, Health Facilities, Financing, Compliance, and Education, and Welfare Department reorganization, Conversion, Bureau of Renamed Bureau of Health effective Dec. 2, 1977. Transferred to Centers for Facilities by Health and Human Services Department Disease Control by Secretary’s notice of Apr. 2, Secretarial order of Mar. 12, 1980 (45 FR 17207). 1987 (52 FR 13318). Health Industry Advisory Committee Established Health and Welfare Activities, Interdepartmental by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, 1973. Abolished by EO Committee to Coordinate Appointed by President 11781 of May 1, 1974. Aug. 15, 1935, and reestablished by EO 7481 of Oct. 27, 1936. Terminated in 1939. Health Manpower, Bureau of Renamed Bureau of Health Professions by Health and Human Services Health and Welfare Aspects of Evacuation of Department Secretarial order of Mar. 12, 1980 (45 Civilians, Joint Committee on Established August FR 17207). 1941 as joint committee of Office of Defense Health and Welfare Services and Office of Civilian Defense. Health and Medical Committee Established by Reorganized in June 1942 and renamed Joint Council of National Defense order of Sept. 19, Committee on Evacuation. Office of Defense Health 1940. Transferred to Federal Security Agency by and Welfare Services abolished by EO 9388 of Apr. Council order approved by President Nov. 28, 1940. 29, 1943, and functions transferred to Federal Reestablished in Office of Defense Health and Security Agency. Committee terminated. Welfare Services, Office for Emergency Management, by EO 8890 of Sept. 3, 1941. Heart and Lung Institute, National Renamed Committee transferred to Federal Security Agency by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute by act of EO 9338 of Apr. 29, 1943. Apr. 22, 1976 (90 Stat. 402).

Health Resources Administration Established in Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service Public Health Service. Abolished by Health and Established by Interior Secretary Jan. 25, 1978. Human Services Department Secretarial Abolished by Secretarial Order 3060 of Feb. 19, reorganization of Aug. 20, 1982 (47 FR 38409), and 1981, and functions transferred to National Park functions transferred to Health Resources and Service. Services Administration. Highway Safety Agency, National Established in Health Service, Public Originated by act of July Commerce Department by act of Sept. 9, 1966 (80 16, 1798 (1 Stat. 605). Transferred from Treasury Stat. 731). Functions transferred to Transportation Department to Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Department by act of Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 931). Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Functions transferred to National Highway Safety Health Services Administration Established in Bureau by EO 11357 of June 6, 1967. Bureau Public Health Service. Abolished by Health and renamed National Highway Traffic Safety Human Services Department Secretarial Administration by act of Dec. 31, 1970 (84 Stat. reorganization of Aug. 20, 1982 (47 FR 38409), and 1739). functions transferred to Health Resources and Services Administration. Highway Safety Bureau, National See Highway Safety Agency, National Health Services Industry, Committee on the Established by EO 11627 of Oct. 15, 1971. Home Economics, Bureau of Human Nutrition and Abolished by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, 1973. See Home Economics, Office of Health Services and Mental Health Administration Home Economics, Office of Renamed Bureau of Established in Public Health Service Apr. 1, 1968. Home Economics by Secretary’s Memorandum 436, Abolished by Health, Education, and Welfare effective July 1, 1923, pursuant to act of Feb. 26, Department reorganization order and functions 1923 (42 Stat. 1289). Redesignated Bureau of transferred to Centers for Disease Control, Health Human Nutrition and Home Economics February Resources Administration, and Health Services 1943 in accordance with Research Administration Administration, effective July 1, 1973. Memorandum 5 issued pursuant to EO 9069 of Feb. 23, 1942, and in conformity with Secretary’s Health Services Research, National Center for Memorandums 960 and 986. Functions transferred Established by act of July 23, 1974 (88 Stat. 363). to Agricultural Research Service by Secretary’s Transferred from Health Resources Administration to Memorandum 1320, supp. 4, of Nov. 2, 1953. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health by Health, Education, and Welfare Department Home Loan Bank Administration, Federal See reorganization, effective Dec. 2, 1977. Renamed Home Loan Bank Board, Federal APPENDIX B 781

Home Loan Bank Board See Home Loan Bank Housing, President’s Committee on Equal Board, Federal Opportunity in Established by EO 11063 of Nov. 20, 1962. Inactive as of June 30, 1968. Home Loan Bank Board, Federal Established by acts of July 22, 1932 (47 Stat. 725), June 13, 1933 Housing Administration, Federal Established by act (48 Stat. 128), and June 27, 1934 (48 Stat. 1246). of June 27, 1934 (48 Stat. 1246). Grouped with Grouped with other agencies to form Federal Loan other agencies to form Federal Loan Agency by Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. 1, 1939. Functions transferred to Federal Home Loan Functions transferred to Federal Housing Administration, National Housing Agency, by EO Bank Administration, National Housing Agency, by 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Transferred to Housing and EO 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Abolished by Reorg. Plan Home Finance Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 3, No. 3, effective July 27, 1947, and functions effective July 27, 1947. Functions transferred to transferred to Home Loan Bank Board, Housing and Housing and Urban Development Department by Home Finance Agency. Renamed Federal Home act of Sept. 9, 1965 (79 Stat. 667). Loan Bank Board and made independent agency by act of Aug. 11, 1955 (69 Stat. 640). Abolished by act Housing Administration, Public Established as of Aug. 9, 1989 (103 Stat. 354, 415), and functions constituent agency of Housing and Home Finance transferred to Office of Thrift Supervision, Resolution Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1947, effective July Trust Corporation, Federal Deposit Insurance 27, 1947. Functions transferred to Housing and Corporation, and Federal Housing Finance Board. Urban Development Department by act of Sept. 9, 1965 (79 Stat. 667). Home Loan Bank System, Federal Grouped with other agencies to form Federal Loan Agency by Housing Agency, National Established by EO 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942, to consolidate housing functions Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. relating to Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Federal Functions transferred to Federal Home Loan Bank Home Loan Bank System, Federal Savings and Loan Administration, National Housing Agency, by EO Insurance Corporation, Home Owners’ Loan 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Transferred to Housing and Corporation, U.S. Housing Corporation, Federal Home Finance Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of Housing Administration, U.S. Housing Authority, 1947, effective July 27, 1947. Defense Homes Corporation, Division of Defense Housing Coordination, Central Housing Committee, Home Mortgage Credit Extension Committee, Farm Security Administration with respect to National Voluntary Established by act of Aug. 2, nonfarm housing, Public Buildings Administration, 1954 (68 Stat 638). Terminated Oct. 1, 1965, Division of Defense Housing, Mutual Ownership pursuant to terms of act. Defense Housing Division, Office of Administrator of Federal Works Agency, and War and Navy Home Owners’ Loan Corporation Established by Departments with respect to housing located off act of June 13, 1933 (48 Stat. 128), under military installations. Agency dissolved on creation supervision of Federal Home Loan Bank Board. of Housing and Home Finance Agency by Reorg. Grouped with other agencies to form Federal Loan Plan No. 3 of 1947, effective July 27, 1947. Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Transferred to Federal Home Loan Bank Housing Authority, Federal Public Established by Administration, National Housing Agency, by EO EO 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Public housing functions 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Board of Directors abolished of Federal Works Agency, War and Navy by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1947, effective July 27, Departments (except housing located on military 1947, and functions transferred, for liquidation of installations), and Farm Security Administration assets, to Home Loan Bank Board, Housing and (nonfarm housing) transferred to Authority, and Home Finance Agency. Terminated by order of Defense Homes Corporation administered by Authority’s Commissioner. Functions transferred to Home Loan Bank Board Secretary, effective Feb. 3, Public Housing Administration, Housing and Home 1954, pursuant to act of June 30, 1953 (67 Stat. Finance Agency, by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1947, 121). effective July 27, 1947. Homesteads, Division of Subsistence Established Housing Authority, U.S. Established in Interior by act of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. 205). Interior Department by act of Sept. 1, 1937 (50 Stat. 888). Secretary authorized to administer section 208 of act Transferred to Federal Works Agency by Reorg. Plan by EO 6209 of July 21, 1933. Federal Subsistence No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Transferred to Homesteads Corporation created by Secretary’s Federal Public Housing Authority, National Housing order of Dec. 2, 1933, and organization Agency, by EO 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Office of incorporated under laws of Delaware. Transferred to Administrator abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of Resettlement Administration by EO 7041 of May 15, 1947, effective July 27, 1947, and functions 1935. transferred to Public Housing Administration, Housing and Home Finance Agency. Homesteads Corporation, Federal Subsistence See Homesteads, Division of Subsistence Housing Corporation, U.S. Incorporated July 10, 1918, under laws of New York. Transferred from Hospitalization, Board of Federal Organized Nov. Labor Department to Treasury Department by EO 1, 1921. Designated as advisory agency to Bureau of 7641 of June 22, 1937. Transferred from Treasury the Budget May 7, 1943. Terminated June 30, 1948, Department to Public Buildings Administration, by Director’s letter of May 28, 1948. Federal Works Agency, by EO 8186 of June 29, 782 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

1939. Functions transferred for liquidation to Federal Agency by P.L. 104–201, Sept. 23, 1996 (110 Stat. Home Loan Bank Administration, National Housing 2677). Agency, by EO 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Terminated Sept. 8, 1952, by Secretary, Home Loan Bank Board. Immigration, Bureau of Established as branch of Treasury Department by act of Mar. 3, 1891 (26 Housing Council, National Established in Housing Stat. 1085). Transferred to Department of Commerce and Home Finance Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of and Labor by act of Feb. 14, 1903 (34 Stat. 596). 1947, effective July 27, 1947. Terminated by Reorg. Made Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization by Plan No. 4 of 1965, effective July 27, 1965, and act of June 29, 1906 (37 Stat. 736). Made separate functions transferred to President. division after Labor Department created by act of Mar. 4, 1913 (37 Stat. 736). Consolidated into Housing Division Established in Public Works Immigration and Naturalization Service, Labor Administration by act of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. Department, by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. 195). Functions transferred to U.S. Housing Transferred to Justice Department by Reorg. Plan Authority by EO 7732 of Oct. 27, 1937. No. V of 1940, effective June 14, 1940. Housing Expediter, Office of the Established in Immigration, Commissioners of Offices of Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion by commissioners of immigration of the several ports Presidential letter of Dec. 12, 1945, to Housing created by act of Aug. 18, 1894 (28 Stat. 391). Expediter. Functions of Housing Expediter defined by Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, effective EO 9686 of Jan. 26, 1946. Housing Expediter June 30, 1940, and functions transferred to Bureau confirmed in position of National Housing of Immigration and Naturalization, Labor Administrator Feb. 6, 1946. Office of the Housing Department. Expediter established by act of May 22, 1946 (60 Stat. 208). Functions of Office and National Housing Immigration and Naturalization, Bureau of See Administrator segregated by EO 9820 of Jan. 11, Immigration, Bureau of 1947. Housing functions of Civilian Production Administration transferred to Office by EO 9836 of Immigration and Naturalization, District Mar. 22, 1947, effective Apr. 1, 1947. Rent control Commissioner of Created by act of Aug. 18, 1894 functions of Office of Temporary Controls transferred (28 Stat. 391). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. III of to Office by EO 9841 of Apr. 23, 1947. Office 1940, effective June 30, 1940. Functions terminated by EO 10276 of July 31, 1951, and administered by Immigration and Naturalization functions transferred to Economic Stabilization Commissioner, Justice Department, through district Agency. immigration and naturalization directors. Housing and Home Finance Agency Established by Immigration and Naturalization Service See Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1947, effective July 27, 1947. Immigration, Bureau of Terminated by act of Sept. 9, 1965 (79 Stat. 667), Import Programs, Office of Established by and functions transferred to Housing and Urban Commerce Secretary Feb. 14, 1971. Functions Development Department. transferred to Domestic and International Business Howard University Established by act of Mar. 2, Administration, effective Nov. 17, 1972. 1867 (14 Stat. 438). Functions of Interior Indian Claims Commission Established by act of Department transferred to Federal Security Agency Aug. 13, 1946 (60 Stat. 1049). Terminated by act of by Reorg. Plan No. IV of 1940, effective June 30, Oct. 8, 1976 (90 Stat. 1990), and pending cases 1940. Functions of Health, Education, and Welfare transferred to U.S. Court of Claims Sept. 30, 1978. Department transferred to Education Department by act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Stat. 678). Indian Commissioners, Board of Established by section 2039, Revised Statutes. Abolished by EO Human Development, Office of Established in 6145 of May 25, 1933. Health, Education, and Welfare Department. Renamed Office of Human Development Services Indian Medical Facilities Functions transferred and component units transferred to or reorganized from Interior Department to Health, Education, and under new administrations in Office by Secretary’s Welfare Department, to be administered by Surgeon reorganization order of July 26, 1977. Merged into General of Public Health Service, by act of Aug. 5, the Administration for Children and Families by 1954 (68 Stat. 674). Health and Human Services Department Secretary’s reorganization notice dated Apr. 15, 1991. Indian Opportunity, National Council on Established by EO 11399 of Mar. 6, 1968. Human Development Services, Office of See Terminated Nov. 26, 1974, by act of Nov. 26, 1969 Human Development, Office of (83 Stat. 220). Hydrographic Office Jurisdiction transferred from Indian Policy Review Commission, American Bureau of Navigation to Chief of Naval Operations Established by act of Jan. 2, 1975 (88 Stat. 1910). by EO 9126 of Apr. 8, 1942, and by Reorg. Plan Terminated June 30, 1977, pursuant to terms of act. No. 3 of 1946, effective July 16, 1946. Renamed U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office by act of July 10, Industrial Analysis, Committee of Established by 1962 (76 Stat. 154). EO 7323 of Mar. 21, 1936. Terminated Feb. 17, 1937. Imagery Office, Central Established as a Defense Department agency on May 6, 1992. Functions Industrial Cooperation, Coordinator for transferred to National Imagery and Mapping Established by EO 7193 of Sept. 26, 1935. APPENDIX B 783

Continued by EO 7324 of Mar. 30, 1936. Information Agency, U.S. Established by Reorg. Terminated June 30, 1937. Plan No. 8 of 1953, effective Aug. 1, 1953. Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, effective Industrial Emergency Committee Established by Apr. 1, 1978; replaced by and functions transferred EO 6770 of June 30, 1934. Consolidated with to International Communication Agency. National Emergency Council by EO 6889–A of Oct. Redesignated U.S. Information Agency by act of 29, 1934. Aug. 24, 1982 (96 Stat. 291).

Industrial Pollution Control Council Staff, National Information and Public Affairs, Office of Merged Established by Commerce Department Organization with Office of Intergovernmental Affairs to form Order 35–3 of June 17, 1970. Staff abolished by Office of Public and Intergovernmental Affairs by departmental organization order of Sept. 10, 1973. Labor Secretary’s Order 1–85 of June 5, 1985. Council inactive. Information Resources Management, Office of See Industrial Recovery Board, National Established by Telecommunications Service, Automated Data EO 6859 of Sept. 27, 1934. Terminated by EO 7075 of June 15, 1935. Information Resources Management Service Established in the General Services Administration. Industrial Recovery Board, Special Established by Renamed Information Technology Service in 1995. EO 6173 of June 16, 1933. Functions absorbed by National Emergency Council under terms of EO Information Security Committee, Interagency 6513 of Dec. 18, 1933. Established by EO 12065 of June 28, 1978. Abolished by EO 12356 of Apr. 2, 1982. Industrial Relations, Office of Activated in Navy Department Sept. 14, 1945. Superseded June 22, Information Security Oversight Office Established 1966, by creation of Office of Civilian Manpower in General Services Administration by EO 12065 of Management. June 28, 1978. EO 12065 revoked by EO 12356 of Apr. 2, 1982, which provided for continuation of Industry and Trade Administration See Business Office. and Defense Services Administration Information Service, Government See Information Information, Committee for Reciprocity Service, U.S. Established by EO 6750 of June 27, 1934; reestablished by EO 10004 of Oct. 5, 1948, which Information Service, Interim International revoked EO 6750. Superseded by EO 10082 of Oct. Established in State Department by EO 9608 of Aug. 5, 1949; abolished by EO 11075 of Jan. 15, 1963, 31, 1945. Abolished Dec. 31, 1945, pursuant to which revoked EO 10082. terms of order.

Information, Coordinator of Established by Information Service, U.S. Established in March Presidential order of July 11, 1941. Functions 1934 as division of National Emergency Council. exclusive of foreign information activities transferred Transferred to Office of Government Reports by by military order of June 13, 1942, to jurisdiction of Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Joint Chiefs of Staff, War Department, as Office of Consolidated, along with other functions of Office, Strategic Services. Foreign information functions into Division of Public Inquiries, Bureau of Special transferred to Office of War Information by EO 9182 Services, Office of War Information, by EO 9182 of of June 13, 1942. June 13, 1942. Bureau of Special Services renamed Government Information Service and transferred to Information, Division of Established pursuant to Bureau of the Budget by EO 9608 of Aug. 31, 1945. Presidential letter of Feb. 28, 1941, to Liaison Service transferred to Office of Government Reports Officer, Office of Emergency Management. by EO 9809 of Dec. 12, 1946. Abolished by EO 9182 of June 13, 1942. Functions relating to public information on war effort Information Technology Service Established in transferred and consolidated with Office of War General Sevices Adminstration. Abolished by Information, and publication services relating to General Services Administrative Order No. specific agencies of OEM transferred to those 5440.492, Aug. 21, 1996, and functions transferred agencies. to Federal Telecommunications Service.

Information, Office of Coordinator of Transferred, Insane, Government Hospital for the Established exclusive of foreign information activities, to Office by act of Mar. 3, 1855 (10 Stat. 682). Renamed Saint of War Information by EO 9182 of June 13, 1942. Elizabeths Hospital by act of July 1, 1916 (39 Stat. Designated Office of Strategic Services and 309). Transferred from Interior Department to transferred to jurisdiction of Joint Chiefs of Staff by Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Plan No. IV of military order of June 13, 1942. Terminated by EO 1940, effective June 30, 1940. Transferred to Health, 9621 of Sept. 20, 1945, and functions distributed to Education, and Welfare Department by Reorg. Plan State and War Departments. No. 1 of 1953, effective Apr. 11, 1953. Functions redelegated to National Institute of Mental Health by Information Administration, International Secretary’s reorganization order of Aug. 9, 1967. Transferred from State Department to U.S. Property and administration transferred to District of Information Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 8 of 1953, Columbia Government by act of Nov. 8, 1984 (98 effective Aug. 1, 1953. Stat. 3369). 784 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Installations, Director of Established in Defense Intergovernmental Affairs, Office of Merged with Department by act of July 14, 1952 (66 Stat. 625). Office of Information and Public Affairs to form Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1953, effective Office of Public and Intergovernmental Affairs by June 30, 1953, and functions transferred to Defense Labor Secretary’s Order 1–85 of June 5, 1985. Secretary. Intergovernmental Relations, Advisory Commission Insular Affairs, Bureau of Transferred from War on Established by act of Sept. 24, 1959 (73 Stat. Department to Division of Territories and Island 703). Terminated pursuant to act of Nov. 19, 1995 Possessions, Interior Department, by Reorg. Plan No. (109 Stat. 480). Continued in existence by P.L. 104– II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. 328, Oct. 19, 1996 (110 Stat. 4004).

Insurance Administrator, Federal Established by Intergovernmental Relations, Commission on act of Aug. 1, 1968 (82 Stat. 567). Functions Established by act of July 10, 1953 (67 Stat. 145). transferred to Federal Emergency Management Final report submitted to Congress by June 30, 1955, Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1978, effective Apr. pursuant to act of Feb. 7, 1955 (69 Stat. 7). 1, 1979. Intergovernmental Relations, Office of Established by EO 11455 of Feb. 14, 1969. Functions transferred Integrity and Efficiency, President’s Council on to Domestic Council by EO 11690 of Dec. 14, Established by EO 12301 of Mar. 26, 1981 (46 FR 1972. 19211). Abolished and reestablished by EO 12625 of Jan 27, 1988 (53 FR 2812). Abolished and Interim Compliance Panel Established by Dec. 30, reestablished by EO 12805 of May 11, 1992 (57 FR 1969 (83 Stat. 774). Terminated June 30, 1976, 20627). pursuant to terms of act. Intelligence Activities, President’s Board of Internal Revenue Service Functions relating to Consultants on Foreign Established by EO 10656 alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives of Feb. 6, 1956. EO 10656 revoked by EO 10938 transferred to Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and of May 4, 1961, and Board terminated. Functions Firearms by Treasury departmental order July 1, transferred to President’s Foreign Intelligence 1972. Advisory Board. Internal Security Division Established July 9, 1945, Intelligence Advisory Board, President’s Foreign by transfer of functions from Criminal Division. Established by EO 11460 of Mar. 20, 1969. Abolished Mar. 22, 1973, and functions transferred Abolished by EO 11984 of May 4, 1977. to Criminal Division, Justice Department. Reestablished by EO 12331 of Oct. 20, 1981. International. See also other part of title Intelligence Authority, National Established by International Activities, Office of Renamed Office Presidential directive of Jan. 22, 1946. Terminated of Service and Protocol by Smithsonian Institution on creation of Central Intelligence Agency under Secretary’s internal directive of Jan. 11, 1985. National Security Council by act of July 26, 1947 (61 Stat. 497). International Development, Agency for Transferred from State Department to U.S. International Intelligence Group, Central Terminated on Development Cooperation Agency by Reorg. Plan creation of Central Intelligence Agency by act of July No. 2 of 1979, effective Oct. 1, 1979. Continued as 26, 1947 (61 Stat. 497). agency within IDCA by IDCA Delegation of Authority No. 1 of Oct. 1, 1979. Inter-American Affairs, Institute of See American Republics, Office for Coordination of Commercial Interstate Commerce Commission Created by act and Cultural Relations between the of Feb. 4, 1887 (24 Stat. 379). Abolished by act of Dec. 29, 1995 (109 Stat. 932) and many functions Inter-American Affairs, Office of See American transferred to the newly created Surface Republics, Office for Coordination of Commercial Transportation Board within the Department of and Cultural Relations between the Transportation. Inter-American Affairs, Office of the Coordinator of Investigation, Bureau of Established by act of May See American Republics, Office for Coordination of 22, 1908 (35 Stat. 235). Functions consolidated with Commercial and Cultural Relations between the investigative functions of Bureau of Prohibition, Division of Investigation, Justice Department, by EO Interagency. See other part of title 6166 of June 10, 1933, effective Mar. 2, 1934. Interdepartmental. See also other part of title Investigation, Division of Designated as Federal Bureau of Investigation in Justice Department by act Interdepartmental Advisory Council Established of Mar. 22, 1935 (49 Stat. 77). January 1941 to advise Coordinator of Health, Welfare, and Related Defense Activities. Terminated Investigation and Research, Board of Established on creation of Office of Defense Health and Welfare by act of Sept. 18, 1940 (54 Stat. 952). Extended to Service Sept. 3, 1941. Sept. 18, 1944, by Proc. 2559 of June 26, 1942. Interest and Dividends, Committee on Established Investigations, Division of Established by by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, 1973. Abolished by EO administrative order of Apr. 27, 1933. Abolished Jan. 11781 of May 1, 1974. 17, 1942, by administrative order and functions APPENDIX B 785

transferred to Branch of Field Examination, General Labor Organization, International Established in Land Office, Interior Department. 1919 by Treaty of Versailles with U.S. joining in 1934. U.S. membership terminated Nov. 1, 1977, at Investments, Office of Foreign Direct Established President’s direction. in Commerce Department Jan. 2, 1968, by Departmental Organization Order 25–3 to carry out Labor Relations Council, Federal Established by provisions of EO 11387 of Jan. 1, 1968. Controls on EO 11491 of Oct. 29, 1969. Abolished by Reorg. foreign investments terminated Jan. 29, 1974. Plan No. 2 of 1978, effective Jan. 1, 1979, and functions transferred to Federal Labor Relations Jamestown-Williamsburg-Yorktown National Authority. Celebration Commission Established by act of Aug. 13, 1953 (67 Stat. 576). Terminated upon Labor Standards, Apprenticeship Section, Division submission of final report to Congress Mar. 1, 1958. of Transferred to Federal Security Agency by EO 9139 of Apr. 18, 1942, functioning as Apprentice Joint. See also other part of title Training Service. Transferred to War Manpower Commission by EO 9247 of Sept. 17, 1942, Joint Resolutions of Congress See State functioning in Bureau of Training. Returned to Labor Department Department by EO 9617 of Sept. 19, 1945.

Judicial Procedure, Commission on International Labor Standards, Bureau of Established by Labor Rules of Established by act of Sept. 2, 1958 (72 departmental order in 1934. Functions absorbed by Stat. 1743). Terminated Dec. 31, 1966, by act of Occupational Safety and Health Administration in Aug. 30, 1964 (78 Stat. 700). May 1971.

Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics, Office Land Bank Commissioner See Farm Loan Board, of Established in Justice Department by act of Dec. Federal 27, 1979 (93 Stat. 1201). Abolished by act of Oct. Land Law Review Commission, Public Established 12, 1984 (98 Stat. 2091). by act of Sept. 19, 1964 (78 Stat. 982). Terminated Kennedy, Commission To Report Upon the Dec. 31, 1970, pursuant to terms of act. Assassination of President John F. Established by Land Office, General Consolidated with Grazing EO 11130 of Nov. 29, 1963. Report submitted Sept. Service into Bureau of Land Management, Interior 24, 1964, and Commission discharged by Department, by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1946, effective Presidential letter of same date. July 16, 1946. Labor, President’s Committee on Migratory Land Office, Office of Recorder of the General Appointed by Presidential letter of Aug. 26, 1954. Created in Interior Department by act of July 4, Formally established by EO 10894 of Nov. 15, 1836 (5 Stat. 111). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. III 1960. Terminated Jan. 6, 1964, by Labor Secretary of 1940, effective June 30, 1940, and functions in letter to members, with approval of President. transferred to General Land Office. Labor and Commerce, Department of Established Land Policy Section Established in 1934 as part of by act of Feb. 14, 1903 (32 Stat. 825). Reorganized Program Planning Division, Agricultural Adjustment into separate Departments of Labor and Commerce Administration. Personnel taken over by by act of Mar. 4, 1913 (37 Stat. 736). Resettlement Administration in 1935.

Labor Department, Solicitor for Transferred from Land Problems, Committee on National Justice Department to Labor Department by EO Established by EO 6693 of Apr. 28, 1934. Abolished 6166 of June 10, 1933. by EO 6777 of June 30, 1934.

Labor-Management Advisory Committee Land Program, Director of Basis of program found Established by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, 1973. in act of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. 200). Special Board Abolished by EO 11788 of June 18, 1974. of Public Works established by EO 6174 of June 16, 1933. Land Program established by Board by Labor-Management Policy, President’s Advisory resolution passed Dec. 28, 1933, and amended July Committee on Established by EO 10918 of Feb. 18, 1934. Federal Emergency Relief Administration 16, 1961. Abolished by EO 11710 of Apr. 4, 1973. designated to administer program Feb. 28, 1934. Land Program transferred to Resettlement Labor-Management Relations Services, Office of Administration by EO 7028 of Apr. 30, 1935. Established by Labor Secretary’s Order 3–84 of May Functions of Administration transferred to Agriculture 3, 1984. Renamed Bureau of Labor-Management Secretary by EO 7530 of Dec. 31, 1936. Land Relations and Cooperative Programs by Secretarial conservation and land-utilization programs Order 7–84 of Sept. 20, 1984 (49 FR 38374). administered by Administration transferred to Bureau of Agricultural Economics by Secretary’s Labor-Management Services Administration Office Memorandum 733. Administration of land programs of Pension and Welfare Benefit Programs transferred placed under Soil Conservation Service by from Administration and constituted as separate unit Secretary’s Memorandum 785 of Oct. 6, 1938. by Labor Secretary’s Order 1–84 of Jan. 20, 1984 (49 FR 4269). Remaining labor-management Land Use Coordination, Office of Established by relations functions reassigned by Labor Secretary’s Agriculture Secretary’s Memorandum 725 of July 12, Order 3–84 of May 3, 1984. 1937. Abolished Jan. 1, 1944, by General 786 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Departmental Circular 21 and functions Defense Homes Corporation transferred to National administered by Land Use Coordinator. Housing Agency by EO 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Reconstruction Finance Corporation and its units Land Use and Water Planning, Office of (except Defense Homes Corporation), Electric Home Established in Interior Department by Secretarial and Farm Authority, and Export-Import Bank of Order No. 2953 of May 7, 1973. Abolished by Washington transferred to Commerce Department by Secretarial Order No. 2988 of Mar. 11, 1976. EO 9071 of Feb. 24, 1942. RFC and units returned Law Enforcement Assistance Administration to Federal Loan Agency by act of Feb. 24, 1945 (59 Established by act of June 19, 1968 (82 Stat. 197). Stat. 5). Agency abolished by act of June 30, 1947 Operations closed out by Justice Department due to (61 Stat. 202), and all property and records lack of appropriations and remaining functions transferred to Reconstruction Finance Corporation. transferred to Office of Justice Assistance, Research, Loan Fund, Development Established in and Statistics. International Cooperation Administration by act of Law Enforcement Training Center, Consolidated Aug. 14, 1957 (71 Stat. 355). Created as Federal Renamed Federal Law Enforcement independent corporate agency by act of June 30, Training Center by Amendment No. 1 of Aug. 14, 1958 (72 Stat. 261). Abolished by act of Sept. 4, 1975, to Treasury Department Order 217 (Revision 1961 (75 Stat. 445), and functions redelegated to 1). Agency for International Development. Legislative Affairs, Office of Renamed Office of Loan Policy Board Established by act of July 18, Intergovernmental and Legislative Affairs Feb. 24, 1958 (72 Stat. 385). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 1984, by Attorney General’s Order 1054–84 (49 FR 4 of 1965, effective July 27, 1965, and functions 10177). transferred to Small Business Administration. Lend-Lease Administration, Office of Established Longshoremen’s Labor Board, National Established by EO 8926 of Oct. 28, 1941, to replace Division in Labor Department by EO 6748 of June 26, 1934. of Defense Aid Reports. Consolidated with Foreign Terminated by Proc. 2120 of Mar. 11, 1935. Economic Administration by EO 9380 of Sept. 25, 1943. Low-Emission Vehicle Certification Board Established by act of Dec. 31, 1970 (84 Stat. 1701). Lewis and Clark Trail Commission Established by Terminated by act of Mar. 14, 1980 (94 Stat. 98). act of Oct. 6, 1964 (78 Stat. 1005). Terminated October 1969 by terms of act. Lowell Historic Canal District Commission Established by act of Jan. 4, 1975 (88 Stat. 2330). Lighthouses, Bureau of Established in Commerce Expired January 1977 pursuant to terms of act. Department by act of Aug. 7, 1789 (1 Stat. 53). Consolidated with U.S. Coast Guard by Reorg. Plan Loyalty Review Board Established Nov. 10, 1947, No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. by U.S. Civil Service Commission, pursuant to EO 9835 of Mar. 21, 1947. Abolished by EO 10450 of Lincoln Sesquicentennial Commission Established Apr. 27, 1953. by joint resolution of Sept. 2, 1957 (71 Stat. 587). Terminated Mar. 1, 1960, pursuant to terms of joint Management Improvement, Advisory Committee on resolution. Established by EO 10072 of July 29, 1949. Abolished by EO 10917 of Feb. 10, 1961, and Office for Liquidation, Director of Established in functions transferred to Bureau of the Budget. Emergency Management by EO 9674 of Jan. 4, 1946. Terminated by EO 9744 of June 27, 1946. Management Improvement, President’s Advisory Council on Established by EO 11509 of Feb. 11, Liquidation Advisory Committee Established by EO 1970. Inactive as of June 30, 1973. 9674 of Jan. 4, 1946. Terminated by EO 9744 of June 27, 1946. Manpower, President’s Committee on Established Loan Agency, Federal Established by Reorg. Plan by EO 11152 of Apr. 15, 1964. Terminated by EO No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, by 11515 of Mar. 13, 1970. consolidating Reconstruction Finance Corporation— Manpower Administration Renamed Employment including subordinate units of RFC Mortgage and Training Administration by Labor Secretary’s Company, Disaster Loan Corporation, Federal Order 14–75 of Nov. 12, 1975. National Mortgage Association, Defense Plant Corporation, Defense Homes Corporation, Defense Manpower Management, Office of Civilian Supplies Corporation, Rubber Reserve Company, Renamed Office of Civilian Personnel by Navy Metals Reserve Company, and War Insurance Secretary’s Notice 5430 of Oct. 1, 1976. Corporation (later known as War Damage Corporation)—with Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Marine Affairs, Office of Established by Interior Home Owners’ Loan Corporation, Federal Savings Secretary Apr. 30, 1970, to replace Office of Marine and Loan Insurance Corporation, Federal Housing Resources, created by Secretary Oct. 22, 1968. Administration, Electric Home and Farm Authority, Abolished by Secretary Dec. 4, 1970. and Export-Import Bank of Washington. Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Federal Savings and Loan Marine Corps Memorial Commission, U.S. Insurance Corporation, Home Owners’ Loan Established by act of Aug. 24, 1947 (61 Stat. 724). Corporation, Federal Housing Administration, and Terminated by act of Mar. 14, 1980 (94 Stat. 98). APPENDIX B 787

Marine Inspection and Navigation, Bureau of See Social and Rehabilitation Service to Health Care Navigation and Steamboat Inspection, Bureau of Financing Administration by Secretary’s reorganization of Mar. 8, 1977 (42 FR 13262). Marine Resources and Engineering Development, National Council on Established in Executive Medicine and Surgery, Department of Established Office of the President by act of June 17, 1966 (80 in the Veterans Administration by act of Sept. 2, Stat. 203). Terminated Apr. 30, 1971, due to lack of 1958 (72 Stat. 1243). Renamed Veterans Health funding. Services and Research Administration in the Veterans Affairs Department by act of Oct. 25, 1988 Maritime Administration Established in Commerce (102 Stat. 2640). Renamed Veterans Health Department by Reorg. Plan No. 21 of 1950, effective Administration by act of May 7, 1991 (105 Stat. May 24, 1950. Transferred to Transportation 187). Department by act of Aug. 6, 1981 (95 Stat. 151). Memorial Commission, National Established by Maritime Advisory Committee Established by EO Public Resolution 107 of Mar. 4, 1929 (45 Stat. 11156 of June 17, 1964. Terminated by EO 11427 1699). Terminated by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933, of Sept. 4, 1968. and functions transferred to Office of National Parks, Maritime Board, Federal See Maritime Buildings, and Reservations, Interior Department. Commission, U.S. Mental Health, National Institute of Established by Maritime Commission, U.S. Established by act of act of July 3, 1946 (60 Stat. 425). Made entity within June 29, 1936 (49 Stat. 1985), as successor agency the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health to U.S. Shipping Board and U.S. Shipping Board Administration by act of May 14, 1974 (88 Stat. Merchant Fleet Corporation. Training functions 135). Functions transferred to Health and Human transferred to Commandant of Coast Guard by EO Services Department by act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 9083 of Feb. 27, 1942. Functions further transferred Stat. 695). (See also act of Oct. 27, 1986; 100 Stat. to War Shipping Administration by EO 9198 of July 3207–106.) Abolished by act of July 10, 1992 (106 11, 1942. Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 21 of 1950, Stat. 331). Reestablished by act of July 10, 1992 effective May 24, 1950, which established Federal (106 Stat. 364). Maritime Board and Maritime Administration as successor agencies. Board abolished, regulatory Metals Reserve Company Established June 28, functions transferred to Federal Maritime 1940, by act of Jan. 22, 1932 (47 Stat. 5). Commission, and functions relating to subsidization Transferred from Federal Loan Agency to Commerce of merchant marine transferred to Commerce Department by EO 9071 of Feb. 24, 1942. Returned Secretary by Reorg. Plan No. 7 of 1961, effective to Federal Loan Agency by act of Feb. 24, 1945 (59 Aug. 12, 1961. Stat. 5). Dissolved by act of June 30, 1945 (59 Stat. 310), and functions transferred to Reconstruction Maritime Labor Board Authorized by act of June Finance Corporation. 23, 1938 (52 Stat. 968). Mediatory duties abolished by act of June 23, 1941 (55 Stat. 259); title expired Metric Board, U.S. Established by act of Dec. 23, June 22, 1942. 1975 (89 Stat. 1007). Terminated Oct. 1, 1982, due to lack of funding. Marketing Administration, Surplus Established by Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, effective June 30, 1940, Mexican-American Affairs, Interagency Committee consolidating functions vested in Federal Surplus on Established by Presidential memorandum of Commodities Corporation and Division of Marketing June 9, 1967. Renamed Cabinet Committee on and Marketing Agreements, Agricultural Adjustment Opportunities for Spanish-Speaking People by act of Administration. Consolidated with other agencies Dec. 30, 1969 (83 Stat. 838). Terminated Dec. 30, into Agricultural Marketing Administration by EO 1974, pursuant to terms of act. 9069 of Feb. 23, 1942. Mexican Claims Commission, American Marketing and Marketing Agreements, Division of Established by act of Dec. 18, 1942 (56 Stat. 1058). Established in Agriculture Department by act of June Terminated Apr. 4, 1947, by act of Apr. 3, 1945 (59 3, 1937 (50 Stat. 246). Consolidated with Federal Stat. 59). Surplus Commodities Corporation into Surplus Marketing Administration by Reorg. Plan No. III of Mexican Claims Commission, Special Established 1940, effective June 30, 1940. by act of Apr. 10, 1935 (49 Stat. 149). Terminated by EO 7909 of June 15, 1938. Mediation, U.S. Board of Established by act of May 20, 1926 (44 Stat. 577). Abolished by act of Mexico Commission for Border Development and June 21, 1934 (48 Stat. 1193), and superseded by Friendship, U.S.- Established through exchange of National Mediation Board, July 21, 1934. notes of Nov. 30 and Dec. 3, 1966, between U.S. and Mexico. Terminated Nov. 5, 1969. Medical Information Systems Program Office, Tri- Service Renamed Defense Medical Systems Micronesian Claims Commission Established by act Support Center by memorandum of Assistant of July 1, 1971 (85 Stat. 92). Terminated Aug. 3, Defense Secretary (Health Affairs) May 3, 1985. 1976, pursuant to terms of act. Medical Services Administration Established by Migration, Intergovernmental Committee for Health, Education, and Welfare Secretary’s European Renamed Intergovernmental Committee reorganization of Aug. 15, 1967. Transferred from for Migration by Resolution 624, passed by 788 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Intergovernmental Committee for European Order 3070 and functions transferred to Bureau of Migration Council, effective Nov. 11, 1980. Mines. Migration, International Committee for Created in Minerals Policy and Research Analysis, Office of 1951. Renamed International Organization for See Minerals Mobilization, Office of Migration pursuant to article 29, paragraph 2, of the ICM constitution, effective Nov. 14, 1989. Minerals and Solid Fuels, Office of Established by Interior Secretary Oct. 26, 1962. Abolished and Migratory Bird Conservation Commission functions assigned to Deputy Assistant Secretary— Chairmanship transferred from Agriculture Secretary Minerals and Energy Policy, Office of the Assistant to Interior Secretary by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, Secretary—Mineral Resources, effective Oct. 22, effective July 1, 1939. 1971. Military Air Transport Service Renamed Military Mines, Bureau of Established in Interior Airlift Command in U.S. Air Force by HQ MATS/ Department by act of May 16, 1910 (36 Stat. 369). MAC Special Order G–164 of Jan. 1, 1966. Transferred to Commerce Department by EO 4239 of June 4, 1925. Transferred to Interior Department Military Appeals, United States Court of by EO 6611 of Feb. 22, 1934. Renamed United Established under Article I of the Constitution of the States Bureau of Mines by act of May 18, 1992 (106 United States pursuant to act of May 5, 1950, as Stat. 172). Terminated pursuant to P.L. 104–99, Jan. amended. Renamed United States Court of Appeals 26, 1996 (110 Stat. 32). Certain functions transferred for the Armed Forces by act of Oct. 5, 1994 (108 to Secretary of Energy by P.L. 104–134, Apr. 26, Stat. 2831). 1996 (110 Stat. 1321–167). Military Establishment, National Established as Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration executive department of the Government by act of Established by Interior Secretary’s Order 2953 of July 26, 1947 (61 Stat. 495). Designated Department May 7, 1973. Terminated by departmental directive of Defense by act of Aug. 10, 1949 (63 Stat. 579). Mar. 9, 1978, and functions transferred to Mine Safety and Health Administration, Labor Department, Military Purchases, Interdepartmental Committee established by act of Nov. 9, 1977 (91 Stat. 1319). for Coordination of Foreign and Domestic Informal liaison committee created on Presidential Minority Business Enterprise, Office of Renamed notification of Dec. 6, 1939, to Treasury and War Minority Business Development Agency by Secretaries and Acting Navy Secretary. Committee Commerce Secretarial Order DOO–254A of Nov. 1, dissolved in accordance with Presidential letter to 1979. Treasury Secretary Apr. 14, 1941, following approval of act of Mar. 11, 1941 (55 Stat. 31). Mint, Bureau of the Renamed U.S. Mint by Treasury Secretarial order of Jan. 9, 1984 (49 FR Military Renegotiation Policy and Review Board 5020). Established by directive of Defense Secretary July 19, 1948. Abolished by Defense Secretary’s letter of Jan. Missile Sites Labor Commission Established by EO 18, 1952, which transferred functions to 10946 of May 26, 1961. Abolished by EO 11374 of Renegotiation Board. Oct. 11, 1967, and functions transferred to Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service. Military Sea Transportation Service Renamed Military Sealift Command in U.S. Navy by COMSC Missouri Basin Survey Commission Established by notice of Aug. 1, 1970. EO 10318 of Jan. 3, 1952. Final report of Commission submitted to President Jan. 12, 1953, Militia Bureau Established in 1908 as Division of pursuant to EO 10329 of Feb. 25, 1952. Militia Affairs, Office of War Secretary. Superseded in 1933 by National Guard Bureau. Missouri River Basin Commission Established by EO 11658 of Mar. 22, 1972. Terminated by EO Mine Health and Safety Academy, National 12319 of Sept. 9, 1981. Transferred from Interior Department to Labor Department by act of July 25, 1979 (93 Stat. 111). Mobilization, Office of Civil and Defense See Mobilization, Office of Defense and Civilian Minerals Exploration, Office of Established by act of Aug. 21, 1958 (72 Stat. 700). Functions Mobilization, Office of Defense and Civilian transferred to Geological Survey by Interior Established by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1958, effective Secretary’s Order 2886 of Feb. 26, 1965. July 1, 1958. Redesignated as Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization by act of Aug. 26, 1958 (72 Minerals Mobilization, Office of Established by Stat. 861), consolidating functions of Office of Interior Secretary pursuant to act of Sept. 8, 1950 Defense Mobilization and Federal Civil Defense (64 Stat. 798) and EO 10574 of Nov. 5, 1954, and Administration. Civil defense functions transferred to by order of Office of Defense Mobilization. Defense Secretary by EO 10952 of July 20, 1961, Succeeded by Office of Minerals and Solid Fuels and remaining organization redesignated Office of Nov. 2, 1962. Office of Minerals Policy Emergency Planning by act of Sept. 22, 1961 (75 Development combined with Office of Research and Stat. 630). Development in Interior Department May 21, 1976, under authority of Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, to Mobilization Policy, National Advisory Board on form Office of Minerals Policy and Research Established by EO 10224 of Mar. 15, 1951. EO Analysis. Abolished Sept. 30, 1981, by Secretarial 10224 revoked by EO 10773 of July 1, 1958. APPENDIX B 789

Monetary and Financial Problems, National of Educational Research and Improvement, Advisory Council on International Established by Education Department, by act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 act of July 31, 1945 (59 Stat. 512). Abolished by Stat. 678), effective May 4, 1980. Transferred to Reorg. Plan No. 4 of 1965, effective July 27, 1965, National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities and functions transferred to President. Functions by act of Dec. 23, 1981 (95 Stat. 1414). Functions assumed by National Advisory Council on transferred to the Institute of Museum and Library International Monetary and Financial Policies, Services by P.L. 104–208, Sept. 30, 1996 (110 Stat. established by EO 11269 of Feb. 14, 1966. 3009–307).

Monument Commission, National Established by Narcotics, Bureau of Established in Treasury act of Aug. 31, 1954 (68 Stat. 1029). Final report Department by act of June 14, 1930 (46 Stat. 585). submitted in 1957, and audit of business completed Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1968, effective September 1964. Apr. 8, 1968, and functions transferred to Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, Justice Department. Monuments in War Areas, American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Narcotics, President’s Council on Counter- Historic Established by President June 23, 1943; Renamed President’s Drug Policy Council by EO announced by Secretary of State Aug. 20, 1943. 13023, Nov. 6, 1996 (61 FR 57767). Activities assumed by State Department Aug. 16, 1946. Narcotics Control, Cabinet Committee on International Established by Presidential Mortgage Association, Federal National Chartered memorandum of Aug. 17, 1971. Terminated by Feb. 10, 1938, by act of June 27, 1934 (48 Stat. Presidential memorandum of Mar. 14, 1977. 1246). Grouped with other agencies to form Federal Loan Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective National. See other part of title July 1, 1939. Transferred to Commerce Department by EO 9071 of Feb. 24, 1942. Returned to Federal Naval Material, Office of Established by act of Loan Agency by act of Feb. 24, 1945 (59 Stat. 5). Mar. 5, 1948 (62 Stat. 68). Abolished by Defense Transferred to Housing and Home Finance Agency Department reorg. order of Mar. 9, 1966, and by Reorg. Plan No. 22 of 1950, effective July 10, functions transferred to Navy Secretary (31 FR 7188). 1950. Rechartered by act of Aug. 2, 1954 (68 Stat. 590) and made constituent agency of Housing and Naval Material Command See Naval Material Home Finance Agency. Transferred with functions of Support Establishment Housing and Home Finance Agency to Housing and Naval Material Support Establishment Established Urban Development Department by act of Sept. 9, by Navy Department General Order 5 of July 1, 1965 (79 Stat. 667). Made Government-sponsored, 1963 (28 FR 7037). Replaced by Naval Material private corporation by act of Aug. 1, 1968 (82 Stat. Command pursuant to General Order 5 of Apr. 29, 536). 1966 (31 FR 7188). Functions realigned to form Motor Carrier Claims Commission Established by Office of Naval Acquisition Support, and termination act of July 2, 1948 (62 Stat. 1222). Terminated Dec. of Command effective May 6, 1985. 31, 1952, by acts of July 11, 1951 (65 Stat. 116), and Mar. 14, 1952 (66 Stat. 25). Naval Observatory Jurisdiction transferred from Bureau of Navigation to Chief of Naval Operations Mount Rushmore National Memorial Commission by EO 9126 of Apr. 8, 1942, and by Reorg. Plan Established by act of Feb. 25, 1929 (45 Stat. 1300). No. 3 of 1946, effective July 16, 1946. Expenditures ordered administered by Interior Department by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Naval Oceanography Command Renamed Naval Transferred to National Park Service, Interior Meteorology and Oceanography Command in 1995. Department, by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves, Office of July 1, 1939. Established by Navy Secretary, as required by law Munitions Board Established in Defense (70A Stat. 457). Jurisdiction transferred to Energy Department by act of July 26, 1947 (61 Stat. 499). Department by act of Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 581). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1953, effective Naval Weapons, Bureau of Established by act of June 30, 1953, and functions vested in Defense Secretary. Aug. 18, 1959 (73 Stat. 395), to replace Bureau of Ordnance and Aeronautics. Abolished by Defense Munitions Board, Joint Army and Navy Organized Department reorg. order of Mar. 9, 1966, and in 1922. Placed under direction of President by functions transferred to Navy Secretary (31 FR 7188), military order of July 5, 1939. Reconstituted Aug. effective May 1, 1966. 18, 1945, by order approved by President. Terminated on establishment of Munitions Board by Navigation, Bureau of Created by act of July 5, act of July 26, 1947 (61 Stat. 505). 1884 (23 Stat. 118), as special service under Treasury Department. Transferred to Department of Museum of History and Technology, National Commerce and Labor by act of Feb. 4, 1903 (32 Renamed National Museum of American History in Stat. 825). Consolidated with Bureau of Navigation Smithsonian Institution by act of Oct. 13, 1980 (94 and Steamboat Inspection by act of June 30, 1932 Stat. 1884). (47 Stat. 415). Museum Services, Institute of Established by act of Navigation, Bureau of Renamed Bureau of Naval June 23, 1972 (86 Stat. 327). Transferred to Office Personnel by act of May 13, 1942 (56 Stat. 276). 790 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Navigation and Steamboat Inspection, Bureau of Office. See also other part of title Renamed Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation by act of May 27, 1936 (49 Stat. 1380). Office Space, President’s Advisory Commission on Functions transferred to Bureau of Customs, Treasury Presidential Established by act of Aug. 3, 1956 (70 Department, and U.S. Coast Guard by EO 9083 of Stat. 979). Terminated June 30, 1957, by act of Jan. Feb. 28, 1942. Transfer made permanent and Bureau 25, 1957 (71 Stat. 4). abolished by Reorg. Plan. No. 3 of 1946, effective July 16, 1946. Official Register Function of preparing Official Register vested in Director of the Census by act of Navy Commissioners, Board of Established by act Mar. 3, 1925 (43 Stat. 1105). Function transferred to of Feb. 7, 1815 (3 Stat. 202). Abolished by act of U.S. Civil Service Commission by EO 6166 of June Aug. 31, 1842 (5 Stat. 579). 10, 1933. Yearly compilation and publication required by act of Aug. 28, 1935 (49 Stat. 956). Act Navy Department Defense housing functions repealed by act of July 12, 1960 (74 Stat. 427), and transferred to Federal Public Housing Authority, last Register published in 1959. National Housing Agency, by EO 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Ohio River Basin Commission Established by EO 11578 of Jan. 13, 1971. Terminated by EO 12319 of Neighborhoods, National Commission on Sept. 9, 1981. Established by act of Apr. 30, 1977 (91 Stat. 56). Terminated May 4, 1979, pursuant to terms of act. Oil and Gas, Office of Established by Interior Secretary May 6, 1946, in response to Presidential Neighborhoods, Voluntary Associations and letter of May 3, 1946. Transferred to Federal Energy Consumer Protection, Office of Abolished and Administration by act of May 7, 1974 (88 Stat. 100). certain functions transferred to Office of the Assistant Secretary for Housing—Federal Housing Oil Import Administration Established in Interior Commissioner and Office of the Assistant Secretary Department by Proc. 3279 of Mar. 10, 1959. for Community Planning and Development. Primary Merged into Office of Oil and Gas Oct. 22, 1971. enabling legislation, act of Oct. 31, 1978 (92 Stat. 2119), repealed by act of Aug. 13, 1981 (95 Stat. Oil Import Appeals Board Established by 398). Abolishment of Office and transfer of functions Commerce Secretary Mar. 13, 1959, and made part carried out by Housing and Urban Development of Office of Hearings and Appeals Dec. 23, 1971. Secretarial order. Operations Advisory Group Established by EO New England River Basins Commission Established 11905 of Feb. 18, 1976. Abolished by Presidential by EO 11371 of Sept. 6, 1967. Terminated by EO Directive No. 2 of Jan. 20, 1977. 12319 of Sept. 9, 1981. Operations Coordinating Board Established by EO Nicaro Project Responsibility for management of 10483 of Sept. 2, 1953, which was superseded by Nicaro nickel producing facilities in Oriente EO 10700 of Feb. 25, 1957. EO 10700 revoked by Province, Cuba, transferred from Office of Special EO 10920 of Feb. 18, 1961, and Board terminated. Assistant to the Administrator (Nicaro Project) to Defense Materials Service by General Services Ordnance, Bureau of See Ordnance and Administrator, effective July 7, 1959. Facilities Hydrography, Bureau of expropriated by Cuban Government and Ordnance and Hydrography, Bureau of Established nationalized Oct. 26, 1960. in Navy Department by act of Aug. 31, 1842 (5 Stat. Northern Mariana Islands Commission on Federal 579). Replaced under act of July 5, 1862 (12 Stat. Laws Created by joint resolution of Mar. 24, 1976 510), by Bureau of Ordnance and Bureau of (90 Stat. 263). Terminated upon submission of final Navigation. Abolished by act of Aug. 18, 1959 (73 report in August 1985. Stat. 395), and functions transferred to Bureau of Naval Weapons. Nursing Research, National Center for Renamed National Institute of Nursing Research by act of June Organization, President’s Advisory Committee on 10, 1993 (107 Stat. 178). Government Established by EO 10432 of Jan. 24, 1953. Abolished by EO 10917 of Feb. 10, 1961, and Nutrition Division Functions transferred from functions transferred to Bureau of the Budget for Health, Education, and Welfare Department to termination. Agriculture Department by EO 9310 of Mar. 3, 1943. Organizations Staff, International Functions merged with Foreign Agricultural Service by Ocean Mining Administration Established by Agriculture Secretary’s memorandum of Dec. 7, Interior Secretarial Order 2971 of Feb. 24, 1975. 1973, effective Feb. 3, 1974. Abolished by Department Manual Release 2273 of June 13, 1980. Overseas Private Investment Corporation Transferred as separate agency to U.S. International Oceanography, Interagency Committee on Development Cooperation Agency by Reorg. Plan Established by Federal Council for Science and No. 2 of 1979, effective Oct. 1, 1979. Technology pursuant to EO 10807 of Mar. 13, 1959. Absorbed by National Council on Marine Resources Oversight Board (for the Resolution Trust and Engineering Development pursuant to Vice Corporation) Established by act of Aug. 9, 1989 Presidential letter of July 21, 1967. (103 Stat. 363). Renamed Thrift Depositor Protection APPENDIX B 791

Oversight Board by act of Dec. 12, 1991 (105 Stat. Patent Office Provisions of first patent act 1767). administered by State Department, with authority for granting patents vested in board comprising Pacific Northwest River Basins Commission Secretaries of State and War and Attorney General. Established by EO 11331 of Mar. 6, 1967. Board abolished, authority transferred to Secretary of Terminated by EO 12319 of Sept. 9, 1981. State, and registration system established by act of Feb. 21, 1793 (1 Stat. 318). Office made bureau in Packers and Stockyards Administration Established State Department in October 1802, headed by by Agriculture Secretary’s Memorandum 1613, supp. Superintendent of Patents. Office reorganized in 1, of May 8, 1967. Certain functions consolidated 1836 by act of June 4, 1836 (5 Stat. 117) under into Agricultural Marketing Service by Secretary’s Commissioner of Patents. Office transferred to Memorandum 1927 of Jan. 15, 1978. Remaining Interior Department in 1849. Office transferred to functions incorporated into the Grain Inspection, Commerce Department by EO 4175 of Mar. 17, Packers and Stockyards Administration by Secretary’s 1925. Memorandum 1010–1 dated Oct. 20, 1994. Patents Board, Government Established by EO Panama Canal Operation of piers at Atlantic and 10096 of Jan. 23, 1950. Abolished by EO 10930 of Pacific terminals transferred to Panama Railroad by Mar. 24, 1961, and functions transferred to EO 7021 of Apr. 19, 1935. Panama Canal Commerce Secretary. reestablished as Canal Zone Government by act of Sept. 26, 1950 (64 Stat. 1038). Pay Board Established by EO 11627 of Oct. 15, 1971. Abolished by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, 1973. Panama Canal Company Established by act of June 29, 1948 (62 Stat. 1076). Abolished and superseded Peace Corps Established in State Department by by Panama Canal Commission (93 Stat. 454). EO 10924 of Mar. 1, 1961, and continued by act of Sept. 22, 1961 (75 Stat. 612), and EO 11041 of Aug. Panama Railroad Company Incorporated Apr. 7, 6, 1962. Functions transferred to ACTION by Reorg. 1849, by New York State Legislature. Operated Plan No. 1 of 1971, effective July 1, 1971. Made under private control until 1881, when original independent agency in executive branch by act of French Canal Company acquired most of its stock. Dec. 29, 1981 (95 Stat. 1540). Company and its successor, New Panama Canal Company, operated railroad as common carrier and Pennsylvania Avenue, Temporary Commission on also as adjunct in attempts to construct canal. In Established by EO 11210 of Mar. 25, 1956. Inactive 1904 their shares of stock in Panama Railroad as of Nov. 15, 1969, due to lack of funding. Company passed to ownership of U.S. as part of assets of New Panama Canal Company purchased Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation under act of June 28, 1902 (34 Stat. 481). Remaining Established by act of Oct. 27, 1972 (86 Stat. 1266). shares purchased from private owners in 1905. Terminated pursuant to P.L. 104–99, Jan. 26, 1996 Panama Railroad Company reincorporated by act of (110 Stat. 32) and P.L. 104–134, Apr. 26, 1996 (110 June 29, 1948 (62 Stat. 1075) pursuant to Stat. 1321–198). Functions transferred to General requirements of act of Dec. 6, 1945 (59 Stat. 597). Services Administration, National Capital Planning Reestablished as Panama Canal Company by act of Commission, and National Park Service (61 FR Sept. 26, 1950 (64 Stat. 1038). Army Secretary 11308), effective Apr. 1, 1996. directed to discontinue commercial operations of Pension and Welfare Benefit Programs, Office of Company by Presidential letter of Mar. 29, 1961. See Labor-Management Services Administration Paperwork, Commission on Federal Established by Pensions, Commissioner of Provided for by act of act of Dec. 27, 1974 (88 Stat. 1789). Terminated Mar. 2, 1833 (4 Stat. 668). Continued by act of Mar. January 1978 pursuant to terms of act. 3, 1835 (4 Stat. 779), and other acts as Office of the Commissioner of Pensions. Transferred to Interior Park Service, National Functions in District of Department as bureau by act of Mar. 3, 1849 (9 Columbia relating to space assignment, site selection Stat. 395). Consolidated with other bureaus and for public buildings, and determination of priority in agencies into Veterans Administration by EO 5398 construction transferred to Public Buildings of July 21, 1930. Administration, Federal Works Agency, under Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Pensions, Office of the Commissioner of See Pensions, Commissioner of Park Trust Fund Board, National Established by act of July 10, 1935 (49 Stat. 477). Terminated by act Perry’s Victory Memorial Commission Created by of Dec. 18, 1967 (81 Stat. 656), and functions act of Mar. 3, 1919 (40 Stat. 1322). Administration transferred to National Park Foundation. of Memorial transferred to National Park Service by act of June 2, 1936 (49 Stat. 1393). Commission Parks, Buildings, and Reservations, Office of terminated by terms of act and membership National Established in Interior Department by EO reconstituted as advisory board to Interior Secretary. 6166 of June 10, 1933. Renamed National Park Service by act of Mar. 2, 1934 (48 Stat. 362). Personal Property, Office of See Supply Service, Federal Parole, Board of Established by act of June 25, 1948 (62 Stat. 854). Abolished by act of Mar. 15, Personnel, National Roster of Scientific and 1976 (90 Stat. 219), and functions transferred to U.S. Specialized Established by National Resources Parole Commission. Planning Board pursuant to Presidential letter of June 792 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

18, 1940, to Treasury Secretary. After Aug. 15, Petroleum Coordinator for War, Office of Interior 1940, administered jointly by Board and U.S. Civil Secretary designated Petroleum Coordinator for Service Commission. Transferred to War Manpower National Defense by Presidential letter of May 28, Commission by EO 9139 of Apr. 18, 1942. 1941, and approved Petroleum Coordinator for War Transferred to Labor Department by EO 9617 of by Presidential letter of Apr. 20, 1942. Office Sept. 19, 1945. Transferred with Bureau of abolished by EO 9276 of Dec. 2, 1942, and Employment Security to Federal Security Agency by functions transferred to Petroleum Administration for act of June 16, 1948 (62 Stat. 443). Transferred to War, established by same EO. Administration Labor Department by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1949, terminated by EO 9718 of May 3, 1946. effective Aug. 20, 1949, and became inactive. Roster Petroleum Labor Policy Board Established by functions transferred to National Science Foundation Interior Secretary, as Administrator of Code of Fair by act of May 10, 1950 (64 Stat. 154). Reactivated Competition for Petroleum Industry, on in 1950 as National Scientific Register by Office of recommendation of Planning and Coordination Education, Federal Security Agency, through Committee Oct. 10, 1933. Reorganized by Secretary National Security Resources Board grant of funds, Dec. 19, 1933, and reorganization confirmed by and continued by National Science Foundation order of Mar. 8, 1935. Terminated Mar. 31, 1936, funds until December 1952, when Register when Petroleum Administrative Board abolished by integrated into Foundation’s National Register of EO 7076 of June 15, 1935. Scientific and Technical Personnel project in Division of Scientific Personnel and Education. Petroleum Reserves Corporation Established June 30, 1943, by Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Personnel Administration, Council of Established Transferred to Office of Economic Warfare by EO by EO 7916 of June 24, 1938, effective Feb. 1, 9360 of July 15, 1943. Office consolidated into 1939. Made unit in U.S. Civil Service Commission Foreign Economic Administration by EO 9380 of by EO 8467 of July 1, 1940. Renamed Federal Sept. 25, 1943. Functions transferred to Personnel Council by EO 9830 of Feb. 24, 1947. Reconstruction Finance Corporation by EO 9630 of Abolished by act of July 31, 1953 (67 Stat. 300), and Sept. 27, 1945. RFC’s charter amended Nov. 9, personnel and records transferred to Office of 1945, to change name to War Assets Corporation. Executive Director, U.S. Civil Service Commission. Corporation designated by Surplus Property Administrator as disposal agency for all types of Personnel Council, Federal See Personnel property for which Reconstruction Finance Administration, Council of Corporation formerly disposal agency. Domestic surplus property functions of Corporation transferred Personnel Interchange, President’s Commission on to War Assets Administration by EO 9689 of Jan. 31, Established by EO 11451 of Jan. 19, 1969. 1946. Reconstruction Finance Corporation Board of Continued by EO 12136 of May 15, 1979, and Directors ordered by President to dissolve War renamed President’s Commission on Executive Assets Corporation as soon after Mar. 25, 1946, as Exchange. Continued by EO 12493 of Dec. 5, 1984. practicable. Abolished by EO 12760 of May 2, 1991. Philippine Alien Property Administration Personnel Management, Liaison Office for Established in Office for Emergency Management by Established by EO 8248 of Sept. 8, 1939. Abolished EO 9789 of Oct. 14, 1946. Abolished by EO 10254 by EO 10452 of May 1, 1953, and functions of June 15, 1951, and functions transferred to Justice transferred to U.S. Civil Service Commission. Department. Philippine War Damage Commission Established Petroleum Administration for Defense Established by act of Apr. 30, 1946 (60 Stat. 128). Terminated under act of Sept. 8, 1950 (64 Stat. 798) by Interior Mar. 31, 1951, by act of Sept. 6, 1950 (64 Stat. Secretary’s Order 2591 of Oct. 3, 1950, pursuant to 712). EO 10161 of Sept. 9, 1950. Continued by Secretary’s Order 2614 of Jan. 25, 1951, pursuant to Photographic Interpretation Center, National EO 10200 of Jan. 3, 1951, and PAD Delegation 1 Functions transferred to the National Imagery and of Jan. 24, 1951. Abolished by Secretary’s Order Mapping Agency by P.L. 104–201, Sept. 23, 1996 2755 of Apr. 23, 1954. (110 Stat. 2677).

Petroleum Administration for War See Petroleum Physical Fitness, Committee on Established in Coordinator for War, Office of Office of Federal Security Administrator by EO 9338 of Apr. 29, 1943. Terminated June 30, 1945. Petroleum Administrative Board Established Sept. 11, 1933, by Interior Secretary. Terminated Mar. 31, Physical Fitness, President’s Council on See Youth 1936, by EO 7076 of June 15, 1935. Interior Fitness, President’s Council on Secretary authorized to execute functions vested in Planning Board, National Established by President by act of Feb. 22, 1935 (49 Stat. 30) by Administrator of Public Works July 30, 1933. EO 7756 of Dec. 1, 1937. Secretary also authorized Terminated by EO 6777 of June 30, 1934. to establish Petroleum Conservation Division to assist in administering act. Records of Petroleum Plant Industry, Bureau of Established by act of Administrative Board and Petroleum Labor Policy Mar. 2, 1902 (31 Stat. 922). Soil fertility and soil Board housed with Petroleum Conservation Division, microbiology work of Bureau of Chemistry and Soils Office of Oil and Gas, acting as custodian for transferred to Bureau by act of May 17, 1935. Soil Interior Secretary. chemistry and physics and soil survey work of APPENDIX B 793

Bureau of Chemistry and Soils transferred to Bureau Council July 10, 1935. Continued in Office of by Secretary’s Memorandum 784 of Oct. 6, 1938. In Government Reports by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, February 1943 engineering research of Bureau of effective July 1, 1939. Transferred to Office of War Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering transferred to Information by EO 9182 of June 13, 1942, Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural functioning in Bureau of Special Services. Office Engineering by Research Administration abolished by EO 9608 of Aug. 31, 1945, and Bureau Memorandum 5 issued pursuant to EO 9069 of Feb. transferred to Bureau of the Budget. Upon 23, 1942, and in conformity with Secretary’s reestablishment of Office of Government Reports, by Memorandums 960 and 986. Functions transferred EO 9809 of Dec. 12, 1946, Division of Press to Agricultural Research Service by Secretary’s Intelligence made unit of Office. Memorandum 1320, supp. 4, of Nov. 2, 1953. Price Administration, Office of Established by EO Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, 8734 of Apr. 11, 1941, combining Price Division Bureau of See Plant Industry, Bureau of and Consumer Division of National Defense Advisory Commission. Renamed Office of Price Plant Quarantine, Bureau of See Entomology and Administration by EO 8875 of Aug. 28, 1941, which Plant Quarantine, Bureau of transferred Civilian Allocation Division to Office of Production Management. Consolidated with other Policy Development, Office of See Domestic agencies into Office of Temporary Controls by EO Council 9809 of Dec. 12, 1946, except Financial Reporting Post Office Department See Postal Service Division, transferred to Federal Trade Commission. Postal Savings System Established by act of June Price Commission Established by EO 11627 of 25, 1910 (36 Stat. 814). System closed by act of Oct. 15, 1971. Abolished by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, Mar. 28, 1966 (80 Stat. 92). 1973. Postal Service Created July 26, 1775, by Price Decontrol Board Established by act of July Continental Congress. Temporarily established by 25, 1946 (60 Stat. 669). Effective period of act of Congress by act of Sept. 22, 1789 (1 Stat. 70), and Jan. 30, 1942 (56 Stat. 23), extended to June 30, continued by subsequent acts. Post Office 1947, by joint resolution of June 25, 1946 (60 Stat. Department made executive department under act of 664). June 8, 1872 (17 Stat. 283). Offices of First, Second, Price Stability for Economic Growth, Cabinet Third, and Fourth Assistant Postmasters General Committee on Established by Presidential letter of abolished and Deputy Postmaster General and four Jan. 28, 1959. Abolished by Presidential direction Assistant Postmasters General established by Reorg. Mar. 12, 1961. Plan No. 3 of 1949, effective Aug. 20, 1949. Reorganized as U.S. Postal Service in executive Price Stabilization, Office of Established by branch by act of Aug. 12, 1970 (84 Stat. 719), General Order 2 of Economic Stabilization effective July 1, 1971. Administrator Jan. 24, 1951. Director of Price Stabilization provided for in EO 10161 of Sept. 9, Power Administration, Southeastern Established by 1950. Terminated Apr. 30, 1953, by EO 10434 of Interior Secretary in 1943 to carry out functions Feb. 6, 1953, and provisions of acts of June 30, under act of Dec. 22, 1944 (58 Stat. 890). 1952 (66 Stat. 296) and June 30, 1953 (67 Stat. Transferred to Energy Department by act of Aug. 4, 131). 1977 (91 Stat. 578). Prices and Costs, Committee on Government Power Administration, Southwestern Established Activities Affecting Established by EO 10802 of by Interior Secretary in 1943 to carry out functions Jan. 23, 1959. Abolished by EO 10928 of Mar. 23, under act of Dec. 22, 1944 (58 Stat. 890). 1961. Transferred to Energy Department by act of Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 578). Priorities Board Established by order of Council of National Defense, approved Oct. 18, 1940, and by Power Commission, Federal Established by act of EO 8572 of Oct. 21, 1940. EO 8572 revoked by EO June 10, 1920 (41 Stat. 1063). Terminated by act of 8629 of Jan. 7, 1941. Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. 578), and functions transferred to Energy Department. Prison Industries, Inc., Federal Established by EO 6917 of Dec. 11, 1934. Transferred to Justice Preparedness, Office of Renamed Federal Department by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective Preparedness Agency by General Services July 1, 1939. Administrator’s order of June 26, 1975. Prison Industries Reorganization Administration Preparedness Agency, Federal Functions Functioned from Sept. 26, 1935, to Sept. 30, 1940, transferred from General Services Administration to under authority of act of Apr. 8, 1935 (49 Stat. 115), Federal Emergency Management Agency by EO and of EO’s 7194 of Sept. 26, 1935, 7202 of Sept. 12148 of July 20, 1979. 28, 1935, and 7649 of June 29, 1937. Terminated Presidential. See other part of title due to lack of funding. President’s. See other part of title Private Sector Programs, Office of Functions transferred to the Office of Citizen Exchanges within Press Intelligence, Division of Established in the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, USIA, August 1933. Made division of National Emergency by act of Feb. 16, 1990 (104 Stat. 56). 794 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Processing tax Agricultural Adjustment 1118 of Aug. 18, 1945. Functions transferred under Administration’s function of collecting taxes Department reorganization by Secretary’s declared unconstitutional by U.S. Supreme Court Memorandum 1320, supp. 4, of Nov. 2, 1953. Jan. 6, 1936. Functions under acts of June 28, 1934 (48 Stat. 1275), Apr. 21, 1934 (48 Stat. 598), and Productivity Council, National Established by EO Aug. 24, 1935 (49 Stat. 750) discontinued by repeal 12089 of Oct. 23, 1978. EO 12089 revoked by EO of these laws by act of Feb. 10, 1936 (49 Stat. 12379 of Aug. 17, 1982. 1106). Programs, Bureau of International Established by Processing Tax Board of Review Established in Commerce Secretary Aug. 8, 1961, by Departmental Treasury Department by act of June 22, (49 Stat. Orders 173 and 174. Abolished by Departmental 1652). Abolished by act of Oct. 21, 1942 (56 Stat. Order 182 of Feb. 1, 1963, which established 967). Bureau of International Commerce. Functions transferred to Domestic and International Business Proclamations See State Department Administration, effective Nov. 17, 1972. Procurement, Commission on Government Programs, Office of Public Established in the Established by act of Nov. 26, 1969 (83 Stat. 269). National Archives and Records Administration. Terminated Apr. 30, 1973, due to expiration of Reorganized by Archivist under Notice 96–260, statutory authority. Sept. 23, 1996, effective Jan. 6, 1997. Functions restructured and transferred to Office of Records Procurement and Assignment Service Established Services—Washington, DC. by President Oct. 30, 1941. Transferred from Office of Defense Health and Welfare Services to War Prohibition, Bureau of Established by act of May Manpower Commission by EO 9139 of Apr. 18, 27, 1930 (46 Stat. 427). Investigative functions 1942. Transferred to Federal Security Agency by EO consolidated with functions of Bureau of 9617 of Sept. 19, 1945, which terminated Investigation into Division of Investigation, Justice Commission. Department, by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933, which set as effective date Mar. 2, 1934, or such later date Procurement Division Established in Treasury as fixed by President. All other functions performed Department by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Renamed by Bureau of Prohibition ordered transferred to such Bureau of Federal Supply by Treasury Department division in Justice Department as deemed desirable Order 73 of Nov. 19, 1946, effective Jan. 1, 1947. by Attorney General. Transferred to General Services Administration as Federal Supply Service by act of June 30, 1949 (63 Property, Office of Surplus Established in Stat. 380). Procurement Division, Treasury Department, by EO 9425 of Feb. 19, 1944, and act of Oct. 3, 1944 (58 Procurement Policy, Office of Federal Established Stat. 765), under general direction of Surplus within Office of Management and Budget by act of Property Board established by same legislation. Aug. 30, 1974 (88 Stat. 97). Abolished due to lack Transferred to Commerce Department by EO 9541 of funding and functions transferred to Office of of Apr. 19, 1945. Terminated by EO 9643 of Oct. Management and Budget by act of Oct 28, 1993 19, 1945, and activities and personnel transferred to (107 Stat. 1236). Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Product Standards Policy, Office of Formerly Property Administration, Surplus See War separate operating unit under Assistant Secretary for Property Administration, Surplus Productivity, Technology and Innovation, Commerce Department. Transferred to National Bureau of Property Board, Surplus See War Property Standards by departmental reorganization order, Administration, Surplus effective Apr. 27, 1982. Property Council, Federal Established by EO Production Areas, Committee for Congested 11724 of June 25, 1973, and reconstituted by EO Established in Executive Office of the President by 11954 of Jan. 7, 1977. Terminated by EO 12030 of EO 9327 of Apr. 7, 1943. Terminated Dec. 31, Dec. 15, 1977. 1944, by act of June 28, 1944 (58 Stat. 535). Property Management and Disposal Service See Production Authority, National Established in Emergency Procurement Service Commerce Department Sept. 11, 1950, by EO’s 10161 of Sept. 9, 1950, 10193 of Dec. 16, 1950, Property Office, Surplus Established in Division of and 10200 of Jan. 3, 1951. Abolished by Commerce Territories and Island Possessions, Interior Secretary’s order of Oct. 1, 1953, and functions Department, under Regulation 1 of Surplus Property merged into Business and Defense Services Board, Apr. 2, 1945. Transferred to War Assets Administration. Administration by EO 9828 of Feb. 21, 1947. Production Management, Office of Established in Property Review Board Established by EO 12348 Office for Emergency Management by EO 8629 of of Feb. 25, 1982. EO 12348 revoked by EO 12512 Jan. 7, 1941. Abolished by EO 9040 of Jan. 24, of Apr. 29, 1985. 1942, and personnel and property transferred to War Production Board. Provisions and Clothing, Bureau of Established by acts of Aug. 31, 1842 (5 Stat. 579), and July 5, 1862 Production and Marketing Administration (12 Stat. 510). Designated Bureau of Supplies and Established by Agriculture Secretary’s Memorandum Accounts by act of July 19, 1892 (27 Stat. 243). APPENDIX B 795

Abolished by Defense Department reorg. order of Health by Food and Drug Administration notice of Mar. 9, 1966, and functions transferred to Navy Mar. 9, 1984 (49 FR 10166). Secretary (31 FR 7188). Rail Public Counsel, Office of Established by act of Public. See other part of title Feb. 5, 1976 (90 Stat. 51). Terminated Dec. 1, 1979, due to lack of funding. Publications Commission, National Historical Established by act of Oct. 22, 1968 (82 Stat. 1293). Railroad Administration, U.S. See Railroads, Renamed National Historical Publications and Director General of Records Commission by act of Dec. 22, 1974 (88 Railroad and Airline Wage Board Established by Stat. 1734). Economic Stabilization Administrator’s General Puerto Rican Hurricane Relief Commission Order 7 of Sept. 27, 1951, pursuant to act of Sept. Established by act of Dec. 21, 1928 (45 Stat. 1067). 8, 1950 (64 Stat. 816). Terminated Apr. 30, 1953, by No loans made after June 30, 1934, and EO 10434 of Feb. 6, 1953, and acts of June 30, Commission abolished June 3, 1935, by Public 1952 (66 Stat. 296), and June 30, 1953 (67 Stat. Resolution 22 (49 Stat. 320). Functions transferred to 131). Division of Territories and Island Possessions, Railroads, Director General of Established under Interior Department. After June 30, 1946, collection authority of act of Aug. 29, 1916 (39 Stat. 645). work performed in Puerto Rico Reconstruction Organization of U.S. Railroad Administration Administration. Following termination of announced Feb. 9, 1918. Office abolished by Reorg. Administration, remaining collection functions Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, and transferred to Agriculture Secretary by act of July 11, functions transferred to Treasury Secretary. 1956 (70 Stat. 525). Railway Association, U.S. Established by act of Jan. Puerto Rico, U.S.-Puerto Rico Commission on the 2, 1974 (87 Stat. 985). Terminated Apr. 1, 1987, by Status of Established by act of Feb. 20, 1964 (78 act of Oct. 21, 1986 (100 Stat. 1906). Stat. 17). Terminated by terms of act. Railway Labor Panel, National Established by EO Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration 9172 of May 22, 1942. EO 9172 revoked by EO Established in Interior Department by EO 7057 of 9883 of Aug. 11, 1947. May 28, 1935. Terminated Feb. 15, 1955, by act of Aug. 15, 1953 (67 Stat. 584). Real Estate Board, Federal Established by EO 8034 of Jan. 14, 1939. Abolished by EO 10287 of Sept. Radiation Biology Laboratory See Radiation and 6, 1951. Organisms, Division of Reclamation, Bureau of See Reclamation Service Radiation Council, Federal Established by EO 10831 of Aug. 14, 1959, and act of Sept. 23, 1959 Reclamation Service Established July 1902 in (73 Stat. 688). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of Geological Survey by Interior Secretary, pursuant to 1970, effective Dec. 2, 1970, and functions act of June 17, 1902 (32 Stat. 388). Separated from transferred to Environmental Protection Agency. Survey in 1907 and renamed Bureau of Reclamation June 1923. Power marketing functions transferred to Radiation and Organisms, Division of Established Energy Department by act of Aug. 4, 1977 (91 Stat. by Secretarial order of May 1, 1929, as part of 578). Bureau renamed Water and Power Resources Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Renamed Service by Secretarial Order 3042 of Nov. 6, 1979. Radiation Biology Laboratory by Secretarial order of Renamed Bureau of Reclamation by Secretarial Feb. 16, 1965. Merged with Chesapeake Center for Order 3064 of May 18, 1981. Environmental Studies by Secretarial order of July 1, Reconciliation Service Established by Director of 1983, to form Smithsonian Environmental Research Selective Service pursuant to EO 11804 of Sept. 16, Center. 1974. Program terminated Apr. 2, 1980. Radio Commission, Federal Established by act of Reconstruction Finance Corporation Established Feb. 23, 1927 (44 Stat. 1162). Abolished by act of Feb. 2, 1932, by act of Jan. 22, 1932 (47 Stat. 5). June 19, 1934 (48 Stat. 1102), and functions Grouped with other agencies to form Federal Loan transferred to Federal Communications Commission. Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July Radio Division Established by National Emergency 1, 1939. Transferred to Commerce Department by Council July 1, 1938. Transferred to Office of EO 9071 of Feb. 24, 1942. Returned to Federal Loan Education, Federal Security Agency, by Reorg. Plan Agency by act of Feb. 24, 1945 (59 Stat. 5). Agency No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Terminated abolished by act of June 30, 1947 (61 Stat. 202), June 30, 1940, by terms of act of June 30, 1939 (53 and functions assumed by Corporation. Functions Stat. 927). relating to financing houses or site improvements, authorized by act of Aug. 10, 1948 (61 Stat. 1275), Radio Propagation Laboratory, Central Transferred transferred to Housing and Home Finance Agency from National Bureau of Standards to Environmental by Reorg. Plan No. 23 of 1950, effective July 10, Science Services Administration by Commerce 1950. Corporation Board of Directors, established by Department Order 2–A, effective July 13, 1965. act of Jan. 22, 1932 (47 Stat. 5), abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1951, effective May 1, 1951, and Radiological Health, National Center for Devices functions transferred to Administrator and Loan and Renamed Center for Devices and Radiological Policy Board established by same plan, effective 796 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Apr. 30, 1951. Act of July 30, 1953 (67 Stat. 230), Recreation and Natural Beauty, President’s Council provided for RFC succession until June 30, 1954, on Established by EO 11278 of May 4, 1966. and for termination of its lending powers Sept. 28, Terminated by EO 11472 of May 29, 1969. 1953. Certain functions assigned to appropriate agencies for liquidation by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of Recreation Resources Review Commission, Outdoor 1954, effective July 1, 1954. Corporation abolished Established by act of June 28, 1958 (72 Stat. 238). by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1957, effective June 30, Final report submitted to President January 1962 and 1957, and functions transferred to Housing and terminated Sept. 1, 1962. Home Finance Agency, General Services Regional Action Planning Commissions Authorized Administration, Small Business Administration, and by act of Aug. 26, 1965 (79 Stat. 552). Federal role Treasury Department. abolished through repeal by act of Aug. 13, 1981 Records Administration, Office of Established in (95 Stat. 766). At time of repeal, eight the National Archives and Records Adminstration. commissions—Coastal Plains, Four Corners, New Reorganized by Archivist under Notice 96–260, England, Old West Ozarks, Pacific Northwest, Sept. 23, 1996, effective Jan. 6, 1997. Functions Southwest Border, Southwest Border Region, and restructured and transferred to Office of Records Upper Great Lakes—affected. Services—Washington, DC. Regional Archives, Office of Special and Established in the National Archives and Records Records Centers, Office of Federal Established in Adminstration. Reorganized by Archivist under the National Archives and Records Administration. Notice 96–260, Sept. 23, 1996, effective Jan. 6, Reorganized by Archivist under Notice 96–260, 1997. Functions restructured and transferred Sept. 23, 1996, effective Jan. 6, 1997. Functions between Office of Records Services—Washington, restructured and transferred to Office of Regional DC and Office of Regional Records Services. Records Services. Regional Councils, Federal Established by EO Records and Information Management, Office of 12314 of July 22, 1981. Abolished by EO 12407 of Functions transferred from National Archives and Feb. 22, 1983. Records Service to Automated Data and Telecommunications Service by General Services Regional Operations, Executive Director of Administrator’s decision, effective Jan. 10, 1982, Established in Food and Drug Administration by regionally and Apr. 1, 1982, in Washington, DC. Health, Education, and Welfare Secretary’s order of May 20, 1971. Merged into Office of Regulatory Recovery Administration, Advisory Council, Affairs by Health and Human Services Secretary’s National Established by EO 7075 of June 15, 1935. order of Nov. 5, 1984. Transferred to Commerce Department by EO 7252 of Dec. 21, 1935, and functions ordered terminated Regulatory Council, U.S. Disbanded by Vice not later than Apr. 1, 1936, by same order. Presidential memorandum of Mar. 25, 1981. Certain Committee of Industrial Analysis created by EO functions continued in Regulatory Information 7323 of Mar. 21, 1936, to complete work of Service Center. Council. Regulatory Relief, Presidential Task Force on Recovery Administration, National Established by Establishment announced in President’s remarks Jan. President pursuant to act of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. 22, 1981. Disbanded and functions transferred to 194). Provisions of title I of act repealed by Public Office of Management and Budget in August 1983. Resolution 26 of June 14, 1935 (49 Stat. 375), and extension of Administration in skeletonized form Rehabilitation Services Administration Functions authorized until Apr. 1, 1936. Office of transferred from Health, Education, and Welfare Administrator, National Recovery Administration, Department to Office of Special Education and created by EO 7075 of June 15, 1935. Rehabilitative Services, Education Department, by Administration terminated by EO 7252 of Dec. 21, act of Oct. 17, 1979 (93 Stat. 678), effective May 4, 1935, which transferred Division of Review, 1980. Division of Business Corporation, and Advisory Relief Corporation, Federal Surplus Organized Council to Commerce Department for termination of under powers granted to President by act of June 16, functions by Apr. 1, 1936. Consumers’ Division 1933 (48 Stat. 195). Charter granted by State of transferred to Labor Department by same order. Delaware Oct. 4, 1933, and amended Nov. 18, Recovery Review Board, National Established by 1935, changing name to Federal Surplus EO 6632 of Mar. 7, 1934. Abolished by EO 6771 of Commodities Corporation and naming Agriculture June 30, 1934. Secretary, Administrator of Agricultural Adjustment Administration, and Governor of Farm Credit Recreation, Bureau of Outdoor Established in Administration as Board of Directors. Continued as Interior Department by act of May 28, 1963 (77 Stat. agency under Agriculture Secretary by acts of June 49). Terminated by Secretary’s order of Jan. 25, 28, 1937 (50 Stat. 323) and Feb. 16, 1938 (52 Stat. 1978, and functions assumed by Heritage 38). Consolidated with Division of Marketing and Conservation and Recreation Service. Marketing Agreements into Surplus Marketing Administration by Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, Recreation and Natural Beauty, Citizens’ Advisory effective June 30, 1940. Merged into Agricultural Committee on Established by EO 11278 of May 4, Marketing Administration by EO 9069 of Feb. 23, 1966. Terminated by EO 11472 of May 29, 1969. 1942. APPENDIX B 797

Relief and Rehabilitation Operations, Office of Research and Intelligence Service, Interim Foreign Established in State Department as Established in State Department by EO 9621 of Sept. announced by White House Nov. 21, 1942. 20, 1945. Abolished Dec. 31, 1945, pursuant to Consolidated with Foreign Economic Administration terms of order. by EO 9380 of Sept. 25, 1943. Research Resources, Division of Established in Renegotiation Board Established by act of Mar. 23, National Institutes of Health, Health and Human 1951 (65 Stat. 7). Terminated Mar. 31, 1979, by act Services Department. Renamed National Center for of Oct. 10, 1978 (92 Stat. 1043). Research Resources by Secretarial notice of Feb. 23, 1990 (55 FR 6455) and act of June 10, 1993 (107 Rent Advisory Board Established by EO 11632 of Stat. 178). Nov. 22, 1971. Abolished by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, Research Service, Cooperative State Established by 1973. Agriculture Secretary’s Memorandum 1462, supp. 1, Rent Stabilization, Office of Established by of Aug. 31, 1961. Consolidated into Science and Education Administration by Secretary’s order of Jan. General Order 9 of Economic Stabilization 24, 1978. Reestablished as Cooperative State Administrator July 31, 1951, pursuant to act of June Research Service by Secretarial order of June 16, 30, 1947 (61 Stat. 193), and EO’ s 10161 of Sept. 1981. 9, 1950, and 10276 of July 31, 1951. Abolished by EO 10475 of July 31, 1953, and functions Research and Service Division, Cooperative transferred to Office of Defense Mobilization. Office Functions transferred to Agriculture Secretary in of Research and Development combined with Office Farmer Cooperative Service by act of Aug. 6, 1953 of Minerals Policy Development in Interior (67 Stat. 390). Department May 21, 1976, under authority of Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, effective May 24, 1950, to form Resettlement Administration Established by EO Office of Minerals Policy and Research Analysis. 7027 of Apr. 30, 1935. Functions transferred to Abolished Sept. 30, 1981, by Secretarial Order 3070 Agriculture Department by EO 7530 of Dec. 31, and functions transferred to Bureau of Mines. 1936. Renamed Farm Security Administration by Secretary’s Memorandum 732 of Sept. 1, 1937. Reports, Office of Government Established July 1, Abolished by act of Aug. 14, 1946 (60 Stat. 1062) 1939, to perform functions of National Emergency and functions incorporated into the Farmers’ Home Council abolished by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, Administration, effective Jan. 1, 1947. Farmers’ effective July 1, 1939. Established as administrative Home Administration abolished, effective Dec. 27, unit of Executive Office of the President by EO 8248 1994, under authority of Secretary’s Memorandum of Sept. 8, 1939. Consolidated with Office of War 1010–1 dated Oct. 20, 1994 (59 FR 66441). Information, Office for Emergency Management, by Functions assumed by the Consolidated Farm Service Agency and the Rural Housing and EO 9182 of June 13, 1942. Reestablished in Community Development Service. Executive Office of the President by EO 9809 of Dec. 12, 1946, which transferred to it functions of Resolution Trust Corporation Established by act of Media Programming Division and Motion Picture Aug. 9, 1989 (103 Stat. 369). Board of Directors of Division, Office of War Mobilization and the Corporation abolished by act of Dec. 12, 1991 Reconversion, and functions transferred from Bureau (105 Stat. 1769). Corporation functions terminated of Special Services, Office of War Information, to pursuant to act of Dec. 17, 1993 (107 Stat. 2369). Bureau of the Budget by EO 9608 of Aug. 31, 1945. Subsequent to enactment of act of July 30, 1947 (61 Resources Board and Advisory Committee, National Stat. 588), functions of Office restricted to Established by EO 6777 of June 30, 1934. Abolished advertising and motion picture liaison and operation by EO 7065 of June 7, 1935, and functions of library. Terminated June 30, 1948. transferred to National Resources Committee.

Research, Office of University Transferred from Resources Committee, National Established by EO Office of Program Management and Administration, 7065 of June 7, 1935. Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. Research and Special Programs Administration, to I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, and functions Office of Economics, Office of the Assistant transferred to National Resources Planning Board in Secretary for Policy and International Affairs, under Executive Office of the President. Board terminated authority of Transportation Department by act of June 26, 1943 (57 Stat. 169). appropriation request for FY 1985, effective Oct. 1, Resources Planning Board, National See Resources 1984. Committee, National Research and Development Board Established in Retired Executives, Service Corps of Established in Defense Department by act of July 26, 1947 (61 ACTION by act of Oct. 1, 1973 (87 Stat. 404). Stat. 499). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1953, Transferred to Small Business Administration by EO effective June 30, 1953, and functions vested in 11871 of July 18, 1975. Defense Secretary. Retraining and Reemployment Administration Research and Development Board, Joint Established by EO 9427 of Feb. 24, 1944, and act Established June 6, 1946, by charter of Secretaries of of Oct. 3, 1944 (58 Stat. 788). Transferred from War and Navy. Terminated on creation of Research Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion to and Development Board by act of July 26, 1947 (61 Labor Department by EO 9617 of Sept. 19, 1945. Stat. 506). Terminated pursuant to terms of act. 798 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Revenue Sharing, Office of Established by Treasury Roosevelt Centennial Commission, Theodore Secretary to administer programs authorized by acts Established by joint resolution of July 28, 1955 (69 of Oct. 20, 1972 (86 Stat. 919), and July 22, 1976 Stat. 383). Terminated Oct. 27, 1959, pursuant to (90 Stat. 999). Transferred from Office of the terms of act. Secretary to Assistant Secretary (Domestic Finance) by Treasury Department Order 242, rev. 1, of May Roosevelt Library, Franklin D. Functions assigned 17, 1976. to National Park Service by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1946, effective July 16, 1946, transferred to General Review, Division of Established in National Services Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of Recovery Administration by EO 7075 of June 15, 1963, effective July 27, 1963. 1935. Transferred to Commerce Department by EO 7252 of Dec. 21, 1935, and functions terminated Roosevelt Library, Trustees of the Franklin D. Apr. 1, 1936. Committee of Industrial Analysis Established by joint resolution of July 18, 1939 (53 created by EO 7323 of Mar. 21, 1936, to complete Stat. 1063). Transferred to General Services Administration by act of June 30, 1949 (63 Stat. work of Division. 381). Abolished by act of Mar. 5, 1958 (72 Stat. 34), RFC Mortgage Company Organized under laws of and Library operated by National Archives and Maryland Mar. 14, 1935, pursuant to act of Jan. 22, Records Service, General Services Administration. 1932 (47 Stat. 5). Grouped with other agencies to Rubber Development Corporation Establishment form Federal Loan Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of announced Feb. 20, 1943, by Commerce Secretary. 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Transferred to Organized under laws of Delaware as subsidiary of Commerce Department by EO 9071 of Feb. 24, Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Assumed all 1942. Returned to Federal Loan Agency by act of activities of Rubber Reserve Company relating to Feb. 24, 1945 (59 Stat. 5). Assets and liabilities development of foreign rubber sources and transferred to Reconstruction Finance Corporation by procurement of rubber therefrom. Functions act of June 30, 1947 (61 Stat. 207). transferred to Office of Economic Warfare by EO River Basins, Neches, Trinity, Brazos, Colorado, 9361 of July 15, 1943. Office consolidated into Guadalupe, San Antonio, Nueces, and San Jacinto, Foreign Economic Administration by EO 9380 of and Intervening Areas, U.S. Study Commission on Sept. 25, 1943. Office returned to Reconstruction Established by act of Aug. 28, 1958 (72 Stat. 1058). Finance Corporation by EO 9630 of Sept. 27, 1945. Certificate of incorporation expired June 30, 1947. Terminated June 30, 1962. Rubber Producing Facilities Disposal Commission River Basins, Savannah, Altamaha, Saint Marys, Established by act of Aug. 7, 1953 (67 Stat. 408). Apalachicola-Chattahoochee, and Perdido- Functions transferred to Federal Facilities Escambia, and Intervening Areas, U.S. Study Corporation by EO 10678 of Sept. 20, 1956. Commission on Established by act of Aug. 28, 1958 (72 Stat. 1090). Terminated Dec. 23, 1962. Rubber Reserve Company Established June 28, 1940, under act of Jan. 22, 1932 (47 Stat. 5). Road Inquiry, Office of Established by Agriculture Transferred from Federal Loan Agency to Commerce Secretary under authority of act of Aug. 8, 1894 (28 Department by EO 9071 of Feb. 24, 1942. Returned Stat. 264). Federal aid for highways to be to Federal Loan Agency by act of Feb. 24, 1945 (59 administered by Agriculture Secretary through Office Stat. 5). Dissolved by act of June 30, 1945 (59 Stat. of Public Roads and Rural Engineering authorized by 310), and functions transferred to Reconstruction act of July 11, 1916 (39 Stat. 355), known as Bureau Finance Corporation. of Public Roads after July 1918. Transferred to Federal Works Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, Rural Areas Development, Office of Established by effective July 1, 1939, and renamed Public Roads Agriculture Secretary’s memorandum in 1961 Administration. Transferred to General Services (revised Sept. 21, 1962). Renamed Rural Community Administration as Bureau of Public Roads by act of Development Service by Secretary’s Memorandum June 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 380). Transferred to 1570 of Feb. 24, 1965. Commerce Department by Reorg. Plan No. 7 of 1949, effective Aug. 20, 1949. Transferred to Rural Business and Cooperative Development Transportation Secretary by act of Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Service Established within Agriculture Department Stat. 931), and functions assigned to Federal by Secretary’s Memorandum 1020–34 dated Dec. Highway Administration. 31, 1991. Renamed Rural Business-Cooperative Service (61 FR 2899), effective Jan. 30, 1996. Roads, Bureau of Public See Road Inquiry, Office of Rural Community Development Service Established by Agriculture Secretary’s Memorandum Roads Administration, Public See Road Inquiry, 1570 of Feb. 25, 1965, to supersede Office of Rural Office of Areas Development. Abolished Feb. 2, 1970, by Secretary’s Memorandum 1670 of Jan. 30, 1970, Roads and Rural Engineering, Office of Public See and functions transferred to other agencies in Road Inquiry, Office of department. Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway Commission Rural Development Administration Established Established by act of Mar. 14, 1913 (37 Stat. 885). within Agriculture Department by Secretary’s Abolished by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933, and Memorandum 1020–34 dated Dec. 31, 1991. functions transferred to Office of National Parks, Abolished Dec. 27, 1994 (59 FR 66441) under Buildings, and Reservations, Interior Department. authority of Secretary’s Memorandum 1010–1 dated APPENDIX B 799

Oct. 20, 1994. Functions assumed by the Rural with Foreign Agricultural Service by Secretary’s Business and Cooperative Development Service. Memorandum 2001 of Nov. 29, 1979.

Rural Development Committee See Rural Savings Bonds, Interdepartmental Committee for Development Program, Committee for the Voluntary Payroll Savings Plan for the Purchase of U.S. Established by EO 11532 of June 2, 1970. Rural Development Policy, Office of Established Superseded by EO 11981 of Mar. 29, 1977, which initially as Office of Rural Development Policy established Interagency Committee for the Purchase Management and Coordination, Farmers Home of U.S. Savings Bonds. Administration, by Agriculture Secretary’s Memorandum 1020–3 of Oct. 26, 1981. Abolished Savings and Loan Advisory Council, Federal in 1986 due to lack of funding. Established by act of Oct. 6, 1972 (86 Stat. 770). Continued by act of Dec. 26, 1974 (88 Stat. 1739). Rural Development Program, Committee for Terminated by act of Aug. 9, 1989 (103 Stat. 422). Established by EO 10847 of Oct. 12, 1959. Abolished by EO 11122 of Oct. 16, 1963, which Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation, Federal established Rural Development Committee. Established by act of June 27, 1934 (48 Stat. 1246). Federal Loan Committee superseded by EO 11307 of Sept. 30, Grouped with other agencies to form Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1966, and functions assumed by Agriculture 1, 1939. Transferred to Federal Home Loan Bank Secretary. Administration, National Housing Agency, by EO Rural Development Service Established by 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Board of Trustees abolished Agriculture Secretarial order in 1973. Functions by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1947, effective July 27, transferred to Office of Rural Development 1947, and functions transferred to Home Loan Bank Coordination and Planning, Farmers Home Board. Abolished by act of Aug. 9, 1989 (103 Stat. Administration, by Secretarial order in 1978. 354). Savings Bonds Division, United States Established Rural Electrification Administration Established by by Departmental Order 62 of Dec. 26, 1945, as EO 7037 of May 11, 1935. Functions transferred by successor to the War and Finance Division, War EO 7458 of Sept. 26, 1936, to Rural Electrification Savings Staff, and Defense Savings Staff. Functions Administration established by act of May 20, 1936 transferred to Bureau of Public Debt by (49 Stat. 1363). Transferred to Agriculture Departmental Order 101–05 of May 11, 1994, and Department by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective Division renamed Savings Bond Marketing Office. July 1, 1939. Abolished by Secretary’s Memorandum 1010–1 dated Oct. 20, 1994, and functions assumed Science, Engineering, and Technology, Federal by Rural Utilities Service. Coordinating Council for Established by act of May 11, 1976 (90 Stat. 471). Abolished by Reorg. Rural Housing and Community Development Plan No. 1 of 1977, effective Feb. 26, 1978, and Service Established by act of Oct. 13, 1994 (108 functions transferred to President. Functions Stat. 3219). Renamed Rural Housing Service (61 FR redelegated to Director of the Office of Science and 2899), effective Jan. 30, 1996. Technology Policy and Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering, and Technology, Rural Rehabilitation Division Established April established by EO 12039 of Feb. 24, 1978. 1934 by act of May 12, 1933 (48 Stat. 55). Functions transferred to Resettlement Administration Science, Engineering, and Technology Panel, by Federal Emergency Relief Administrator’s order of Intergovernmental Established by act of May 11, June 19, 1935. 1976 (90 Stat. 465). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1977, effective Feb. 26, 1978, and functions Saint Elizabeths Hospital See Insane, Government transferred to President. Functions redelegated to Hospital for the Director of Office of Science and Technology Policy by EO 12039 of Feb. 24, 1978, which established Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation Intergovernmental Science, Engineering, and Established by act of May 13, 1954 (68 Stat. 92). Technology Advisory Panel. Commerce Secretary given direction of general policies of Corporation by EO 10771 of June 20, Science Advisory Committee, President’s 1958. Transferred to Transportation Department by Established by President Apr. 20, 1951, and act of Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 931). reconstituted Nov. 22, 1957. Terminated with Office of Science and Technology, effective July 1, 1973. Salary Stabilization, Office of See Salary Stabilization Board Science Exhibit-Century 21 Exposition, U.S. Established Jan. 20, 1960, by Commerce Department Salary Stabilization Board Established May 10, Order 167. Abolished by revocation of order on 1951, by Economic Stabilization Administrator’s June 5, 1963. General Order 8. Stabilization program administered by Office of Salary Stabilization. Terminated Apr. Science and Technology, Federal Council for See 30, 1953, by EO 10434 of Feb. 6, 1953, and acts Scientific Research and Development, of June 30, 1952 (66 Stat. 296), and June 30, 1953 Interdepartmental Committee on (67 Stat. 131). Science and Technology, Office of Established by Sales Manager, Office of the General Established Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1962, effective June 8, 1962. by Agriculture Secretary Feb. 29, 1976. Consolidated Office abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1973, 800 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

effective June 30, 1973, and functions transferred to Security and Individual Rights, President’s National Science Foundation. Commission on Internal Established by EO 10207 of Jan. 23, 1951. Terminated by EO 10305 of Nov. Science and Technology, President’s Committee on 14, 1951. Established by act of May 11, 1976 (90 Stat. 468). Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1977, effective Security Resources Board, National Established by Feb. 26, 1978, and functions transferred to act of July 26, 1947 (61 Stat. 499). Transferred to President. Executive Office of the President by Reorg. Plan No. 4 of 1949, effective Aug. 20, 1949. Functions of Scientific and Policy Advisory Committee Board transferred to Chairman and Board made Established by act of Sept. 26, 1961 (75 Stat. 631). advisory to him by Reorg. Plan No. 25 of 1950, Terminated Apr. 30, 1996 under terms of act. effective July 10, 1950. Functions delegated by Executive order transferred to Office of Defense Scientific Research and Development, Mobilization by EO 10438 of Mar. 13, 1953. Board Interdepartmental Committee on Established by abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1953, effective EO 9912 of Dec. 24, 1947. EO 9912 revoked by EO June 12, 1953, and remaining functions transferred 10807 of Mar. 13, 1959, which established Federal to Office of Defense Mobilization. Council for Science and Technology. Abolished by act of May 11, 1976 (90 Stat. 472). Security Training Commission, National Established by act of June 19, 1951 (65 Stat. 75). Scientific Research and Development, Office of Expired June 30, 1957, pursuant to Presidential letter Established in Office for Emergency Management by of Mar. 25, 1957. EO 8807 of June 28, 1941. Terminated by EO 9913 of Dec. 26, 1947, and property transferred to Seed Loan Office Authorized by Presidential letters National Military Establishment for liquidation. of July 26, 1918, and July 26, 1919, to Agriculture Secretary. Further authorized by act of Mar. 3, 1921 Scientists and Engineers, National Committee for (41 Stat. 1347). Office transferred to Farm Credit the Development of Established by President Apr. Administration by EO 6084 of Mar. 27, 1933. 3, 1956. Renamed President’s Committee on Scientists and Engineers May 7, 1957. Final report Selective Service Appeal Board, National submitted Dec. 17, 1958, and expired Dec. 31, Established by EO 9988 of Aug. 20, 1948. Inactive 1958. as of Apr. 11, 1975.

Scientists and Engineers, President’s Committee on Selective Service Records, Office of See Selective See Scientists and Engineers, National Committee Service System for the Development of Selective Service System Established by act of Sept. 16, 1940 (54 Stat. 885). Placed under jurisdiction of Screw Thread Commission, National Established War Manpower Commission by EO 9279 of Dec. 5, by act of July 18, 1918 (40 Stat. 912). Terminated 1942, and designated Bureau of Selective Service. by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933, and records Designated Selective Service System, separate transferred to Commerce Department, effective Mar. agency, by EO 9410 of Dec. 23, 1943. Transferred 2, 1934. Informal Interdepartmental Screw Thread for liquidation to Office of Selective Service Records Committee established on Sept. 14, 1939, consisting established by act of Mar. 31, 1947 (61 Stat. 31). of War, Navy, and Commerce Department Transferred to Selective Service System by act of representatives. June 24, 1948 (62 Stat. 604).

Security, Commission on Government Established Self-Help Development and Technical by act of Aug. 9, 1955 (69 Stat. 595). Terminated Development, Office of Established in National Sept. 22, 1957, pursuant to terms of act. Consumer Cooperative Bank by act of Aug. 20, 1978 (92 Stat. 499). Abolished by act of Aug. 13, Security, Office of the Director for Mutual See 1981 (95 Stat. 437), and assets transferred to Security Agency, Mutual Consumer Cooperative Development Corporation, Security Agency, Federal Established by Reorg. Commerce Department, Dec. 30, 1982. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, grouping Services, Bureau of Special See Office of War under one administration Office of Education, Public Information Health Service, Social Security Board, U.S. Employment Service, Civilian Conservation Corps, Services, Division of Central Administrative and National Youth Administration. Abolished by Established by Liaison Officer for Emergency Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953, effective Apr. 11, 1953, Management pursuant to Presidential letter of Feb. and functions and units transferred to Health, 28, 1941. Terminated by EO 9471 of Aug. 25, 1944, Education, and Welfare Department. and functions discontinued or transferred to constituent agencies of Office for Emergency Security Agency, Mutual Established and Management and other agencies. continued by acts of Oct. 10, 1951 (65 Stat. 373) and June 20, 1952 (66 Stat. 141). Agency and Office Shipbuilding Stabilization Committee Originally of Director for Mutual Security abolished by Reorg. organized by National Defense Advisory Plan No. 7 of 1953, effective Aug. 1, 1953, and Commission in 1940. Established August 1942 by functions transferred to Foreign Operations War Production Board. Transferred to Labor Administration, established by same plan. Department from Civilian Production Administration, APPENDIX B 801

successor agency to Board, by EO 9656 of Nov. 15, Social Security Board Established by act of Aug. 1945. Terminated June 30, 1947. 14, 1935 (49 Stat. 620). Incorporated into Federal Security Agency by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, Shipping Board, U.S. Established by act of Sept. 7, effective July 1, 1939. Social Security Board 1916 (39 Stat. 729). Abolished by EO 6166 of June abolished and Social Security Administration 10, 1933, and functions, including those with established by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1946 (5 U.S.C. respect to U.S. Shipping Board Merchant Fleet app.), effective July 16, 1946, and functions of the Corporation, transferred to U.S. Shipping Board Board transferred to Federal Security Administrator. Bureau, Commerce Department, effective Mar. 2, Social Security Administration transferred from the 1934. Separation of employees deferred until Sept. Federal Security Agency by Reorganization Plan No. 30, 1933, by EO 6245 of Aug. 9, 1933. Functions 1 of 1953 (5 U.S.C. app.), effective Apr. 11, 1953, assumed by U.S. Maritime Commission Oct. 26, to the Department of Health, Education, and 1936, pursuant to act of June 29, 1936 (49 Stat. Welfare. Social Security Administration became an 1985). independent agency in the executive branch by act of Aug. 15, 1994 (108 Stat. 1464), effective Mar. 31, Shipping Board Bureau, U.S. See Shipping Board, 1995. U.S. Soil Conservation Service See Soil Erosion Service Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, U.S. Established Apr. 16, 1917, under authority of act of Soil Erosion Service Established in Interior Sept. 7, 1916 (39 Stat. 729). Renamed U.S. Shipping Department following allotment made Aug. 25, Board Merchant Fleet Corporation by act of Feb. 11, 1933. Transferred to Agriculture Department by 1927 (44 Stat. 1083). Terminated Oct. 26, 1936, Interior Secretary’s administrative order of Mar. 25, under provisions of act of June 29, 1936 (49 Stat. 1935. Made Soil Conservation Service by order of 1985), and functions transferred to U.S. Maritime Agriculture Secretary, Apr. 27, 1935, pursuant to Commission. provisions of act of Apr. 27, 1935 (49 Stat. 163). Certain functions of Soil Conservation Service under Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation, U.S. jurisdiction of Interior Department transferred from See Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, Agriculture Department to Interior Department by U.S. Reorg. Plan No. IV of 1940, effective June 30, 1940. Soil Conservation Service abolished by act of Oct. Ships, Bureau of Established by act of June 20, 13, 1994 (108 Stat. 3225) and functions assumed by 1940 (54 Stat. 493), to replace Bureau of the Natural Resources Conservation Service. Engineering and Bureau of Construction and Repair. Abolished by Defense Department reorg. order of Soils, Bureau of See Agricultural and Industrial Mar. 9, 1966, and functions transferred to Navy Chemistry, Bureau of and Plant Industry, Bureau of Secretary (31 FR 7188). Solicitor General, Office of Assistant Established in Simpson Historical Research Center, Albert F. Justice Department by act of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. Renamed Headquarters USAF Historical Research 307). Terminated by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1950, Center by Defense Secretary’s special order of Dec. effective May 24, 1950. 16, 1983. Space Access and Technology, Office of Smithsonian Symposia and Seminars, Office of Established in the National Aeronautics and Space Renamed Office of Interdisciplinary Studies by Adminstration. Abolished by Administrator’s order of Smithsonian Institution announcement of Mar. 16, Feb. 24, 1997. 1987. Space Communications, Office of Established in Social Development Institute, Inter-American the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Established by act of Dec. 30, 1969 (83 Stat. 821). Abolished by Administrator’s order of Feb. 24, 1997. Renamed Inter-American Foundation by act of Feb. Space Science, Office of See Space and Terrestrial 7, 1972 (86 Stat. 34). Applications, Office of

Social Protection, Committee on Established in Space Science Board Renamed Space Studies Office of Defense Health and Welfare Services by Board by authority of the National Research administrative order June 14, 1941. Functions Council, National Academy of Sciences, effective transferred to Federal Security Agency by EO 9338 May 8, 1989. of Apr. 29, 1943. Space Station, Office of Established in the National Social and Rehabilitation Service Established by Aeronautics and Space Administration. Abolished in Health, Education, and Welfare Secretary’s 1990 and remaining functions transferred to the reorganization of Aug. 15, 1967. Abolished by Office of Space Flight. Secretary’s reorganization of Mar. 8, 1977 (42 FR 13262), and constituent units—Medical Services Space Technology Laboratories, National Administration, Assistance Payments Administration, Renamed John C. Stennis Space Center by EO Office of Child Support Enforcement, and Public 12641 of May 20, 1988. Services Administration—transferred. Space and Terrestrial Applications, Office of Social Security Administration See Social Security Combined with Office of Space Science to form Board Office of Space Science and Applications by 802 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

National Aeronautics and Space Administrator’s State Technical Services, Office of Established by announcement of Sept. 29, 1981. Commerce Secretary Nov. 19, 1965, pursuant to act of Sept. 14, 1965 (79 Stat. 697). Abolished by Space Tracking and Data Systems, Office of Secretary, effective June 30, 1970. Renamed Office of Space Operations by National Aeronautics and Space Administrator’s Statistical Board, Central Organized Aug. 9, 1933, announcement of Jan. 9, 1987. by EO 6225 of July 27, 1933. Transferred to Bureau of the Budget by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective Space Transportation Operations, Office of July 1, 1939. Expired July 25, 1940, and functions Combined with Office of Space Transportation taken over by Division of Statistical Standards, Systems to form Office of Space Transportation Bureau of the Budget. Systems, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, effective July 1982. Statistical Committee, Central Established by act of July 25, 1935 (49 Stat. 498). Abolished by Reorg. Space Transportation Systems, Office of See Space Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, and Transportation Operations, Office of functions transferred to Bureau of the Budget.

Spanish-Speaking People, Cabinet Committee on Statistical Policy Coordination Committee Opportunities for See Mexican-American Affairs, Established by EO 12013 of Oct. 7, 1977. Abolished Interagency Committee on by EO 12318 of Aug. 21, 1981.

Special. See other part of title Statistical Reporting Service Established by Agriculture Secretary’s Memorandum 1446, supp. 1, Specifications Board, Federal Established by part 3, of 1961. Consolidated with other Bureau of the Budget Circular 42 of Oct. 10, 1921. departmental units into Economics, Statistics, and Transferred from Federal Coordinating Service to Cooperatives Service by Secretary’s Memorandum Procurement Division by Treasury Secretary’s order 1927, effective Dec. 23, 1977. Redesignated as of Oct. 9, 1933. Board superseded by Federal Statistical Reporting Service by Secretary’s order of Specifications Executive Committee, set up by Oct. 1, 1981. Renamed National Agricultural Director of Procurement under Circular Letter 106 of Statistics Service. July 16, 1935. Statistics Administration, Social and Economic Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Bureau of Established Established Jan. 1, 1972, by Commerce Secretary. in Interior Department by act of Aug. 8, 1956 (70 Terminated by Commerce Department Organization Stat. 1119). Bureau replaced by U.S. Fish and Order 10–2, effective Aug. 4, 1975 (40 FR 42765). Wildlife Service pursuant to act of Apr. 22, 1974 (88 Bureau of Economic Analysis and Bureau of the Stat. 92). Census restored as primary operating units of Standards, National Bureau of See Weights and Commerce Department by Organization Orders 35– Measures, Office of Standard 1A and 2A, effective Aug. 4, 1975.

State Department Duty of Secretary of State of Statutes at Large See State Department procuring copies of all statutes of the States, as Statutes of the States See State Department provided for in act of Sept. 28, 1789 (R.S. 206), abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 20 of 1950, effective Steam Engineering, Bureau of Established in Navy May 24, 1950. Functions of numbering, editing, and Department by act of July 5, 1862 (12 Stat. 510). distributing proclamations and Executive orders Redesignated as Bureau of Engineering by act of transferred from State Department to Division of the June 4, 1920 (41 Stat. 828). Abolished by act of June Federal Register, National Archives, by EO 7298 of 20, 1940 (54 Stat. 492), and functions transferred to Feb. 18, 1936. Duty of Secretary of State of Bureau of Ships. publishing Executive proclamations and treaties in newspapers in District of Columbia, provided for in Steamboat Inspection Service President authorized act of July 31, 1876 (19 Stat. 105), abolished by to appoint Service by act of June 28, 1838 (5 Stat. Reorg. Plan No. 20 of 1950, effective May 24, 1950. 252). Treasury Secretary authorized to establish Functions concerning publication of U.S. Statutes at boards of local inspectors at enumerated ports Large, acts and joint resolutions in pamphlet form throughout the U.S. by act of Feb. 28, 1871 (16 Stat. known as slip laws, and amendments to the 440). Authority to appoint boards of local inspectors Constitution; electoral votes for President and Vice delegated to Secretary of Commerce and Labor by President; and Territorial papers transferred from act of Mar. 4, 1905 (33 Stat. 1026). Consolidated State Department to General Services Administrator with Bureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection by Reorg. Plan No. 20 of 1950. (See also Archives by act of June 30, 1932 (47 Stat. 415). Establishment, National) Stock Catalog Board, Federal Standard Originated State and Local Cooperation, Division of by act of Mar. 2, 1929 (45 Stat. 1461). Transferred Established by Advisory Commission to Council of from Federal Coordinating Service to Procurement National Defense Aug. 5, 1940. Transferred to Division by Treasury Secretary’s order of Oct. 9, Office of Civilian Defense. 1933.

State and Local Government Cooperation, Strategic Defense Initiative Organization Committee on Established by EO 11627 of Oct 15, Established in 1986 as a separate agency of the 1971. Abolished by EO 11695 of Jan. 11, 1973. Department of Defense. Renamed Ballistic Missile APPENDIX B 803

Defense Organization by Deputy Secretary’s Administration. Renamed Office of Space Access memorandum in May 1993. and Technology in 1995. Strategic Services, Office of See Information, Tariff Commission, U.S. Established by act of Sept. Office of Coordinator of 8, 1916 (39 Stat. 795). Renamed U.S. International Trade Commission by act of Jan. 3, 1975 (88 Stat. Subversive Activities Control Board Established by 2009). act of Sept. 23, 1950 (64 Stat. 987). Terminated June 30, 1973, due to lack of funding. Tax Appeals, Board of Established as an independent agency within the executive branch by Sugar Division Created by act of May 12, 1933 (48 act of June 2, 1924 (43 Stat. 336). Continued by acts Stat. 31), authorized by act of Sept. 1, 1937 (50 Stat. of Feb. 26, 1926 (44 Stat. 105) and Feb. 10, 1939 903). Taken from Agricultural Adjustment (53 Stat. 158). Renamed Tax Court of the United Administration and made independent division of States by act of Aug. 16, 1954 (68A Stat. 879). Agriculture Department by Secretary’s Memorandum Renamed United States Tax Court by act of Dec. 30, 783, effective Oct. 16, 1938. Placed under 1969 (83 Stat. 730). Agricultural Conservation and Adjustment Administration by EO 9069 of Feb. 23, 1942, Technical Cooperation Administration Transferred functioning as Sugar Agency. Functions transferred from State Department to Mutual Security Agency by to Food Distribution Administration by EO 9280 of EO 10458 of June 1, 1953. Transferred to Foreign Dec. 5, 1942. Operations Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 7 of 1953, effective Aug. 1, 1953. Sugar Rationing Administration Established by Agriculture Secretary’s Memorandum 1190 of Mar. Technical Services, Office of Designated unit of 31, 1947, under authority of act of Mar. 31, 1947 Office of the Commerce Secretary by Department (61 Stat. 35). Terminated Mar. 31, 1948, on Order 179, July 23, 1962. Functions transferred to expiration of authority. National Bureau of Standards by Order 90 of Jan. 30, 1964. Supplies and Accounts, Bureau of See Provisions and Clothing, Bureau of Technology Assessment, Office of Created by act of Oct. 13, 1972 (86 Stat. 797). Office inactive as Supplies and Shortages, National Commission on of Sept. 30, 1995. Established by act of Sept. 30, 1974 (88 Stat. 1168). Terminated Mar. 31, 1977, pursuant to terms of act. Technology, Automation, and Economic Progress, National Commission on Established by act of Aug. Supply, Bureau of Federal See Procurement 19, 1964 (78 Stat. 463). Terminated January 1966 Division pursuant to terms of act. Supply, Office of Renamed Office of Procurement Telecommunications Advisor to the President and Property by Smithsonian Institution Established in Executive Office of the President by announcement of Nov. 4, 1986. EO 10297 of Oct. 9, 1951. EO 10297 revoked by Supply Committee, General Established by act of EO 10460 of June 16, 1953, and functions June 17, 1910 (36 Stat. 531). Abolished by EO 6166 transferred to Director of Office of Defense of June 10, 1933, effective Mar. 2, 1934, and Mobilization. functions transferred to Procurement Division, Telecommunications Management, Director of Treasury Department. Established in Office of Emergency Planning by EO Supply Priorities and Allocations Board Established 10995 of Feb. 16, 1962. Assignment of radio in Office for Emergency Management by EO 8875 of frequencies delegated to Government agencies and Aug. 28, 1941. Abolished by EO 9024 of Jan. 16, foreign diplomatic establishments by EO 11084 of 1942, and functions transferred to War Production Feb. 16, 1963. Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of Board. 1970, effective Apr. 20, 1970. Supply Service, Federal Renamed Office of Telecommunications Policy, Office of Established Personal Property by General Services in Executive Office of the President by Reorg. Plan Administration order, effective Sept. 28, 1982; later No. 1 of 1970, effective Apr. 20, 1970. Abolished renamed Office of Federal Supply and Services by by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1977, effective Mar. 26, GSA order of Jan. 22, 1983; then redesignated 1978, and certain functions transferred to President Federal Supply Service. with all other functions transferred to Commerce Department. Surveys and Maps, Federal Board of See Surveys and Maps of the Federal Government, Board of Telecommunications Service, Automated Data Renamed Office of Information Resources Surveys and Maps of the Federal Government, Management by General Services Administration Board of Established by EO 3206 of Dec. 30, order of Aug. 17, 1982. Later renamed Information 1919. Renamed Federal Board of Surveys and Maps Resources Management Service. by EO 7262 of Jan. 4, 1936. Abolished by EO 9094 of Mar. 10, 1942, and functions transferred to Temporary Controls, Office of Established in Director, Bureau of the Budget. Office for Emergency Management by EO 9809 of Dec. 12, 1946, consolidating Office of War Space System Development, Office of Established Mobilization and Reconversion, Office of Economic in the National Aeronautics and Space Stabilization, Office of Price Administration, and 804 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Civilian Production Administration. Functions with Domestic and International Business Administration, respect to Veterans’ Emergency Housing Program effective Nov. 17, 1972. transferred to Housing Expediter by EO 9836 of Mar. 22, 1947. Functions with respect to distribution and Trade, Special Adviser to the President on Foreign price of sugar products transferred to Agriculture Established by EO 6651 of Mar. 23, 1934. Secretary by act of Mar. 31, 1947 (61 Stat. 36). Terminated on expiration of National Recovery Office terminated by EO 9841 of Apr. 23, 1947, and Administration. remaining functions redistributed. Trade Administration, International See Business Temporary Emergency Court of Appeals and Defense Services Administration Established by act of Dec. 22, 1971 (85 Stat. 749). Trade Agreements, Interdepartmental Committee on Abolished by act of Oct. 29, 1992, effective Apr. 30, Established by Secretary of State in 1934 and 1993 (106 Stat. 4507). Court’s jurisdiction and reestablished by EO 9832 of Feb. 25, 1947. pending cases transferred to the United States Court Abolished by EO 11075 of Jan. 15, 1963. of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Trade and Development Program Established by Territorial Affairs, Office of Established by Interior act of Sept. 4, 1961, as amended (88 Stat. 1804). Secretarial Order 2951 of Feb. 6, 1973. Abolished Designated separate entity within the U.S. by Departmental Manual Release 2270 of June 6, International Development Cooperation Agency by 1980, and functions transferred to Office of Assistant act of Sept. 4, 1961, as amended (102 Stat. 1329). Secretary for Territorial and International Affairs. Renamed Trade and Development Agency by act of Oct. 28, 1992 (106 Stat. 3657). Territorial papers See State Department Trade Expansion Act Advisory Committee Territories, Office of Established by Interior Established by EO 11075 of Jan. 15, 1963. Secretary July 28, 1950. Functions reassigned to Abolished by EO 11846 of Mar. 27, 1975, and Deputy Assistant Secretary for Territorial Affairs in records transferred to Trade Policy Committee Office of the Assistant Secretary—Public Land established by same EO. Management, Interior Department, by Secretarial Order 2942, effective July 1, 1971. Trade Negotiations, Office of the Special Representative for Renamed Office of the U.S. Terrorism, Cabinet Committee To Combat Trade Representative by EO 12188 of Jan. 4, 1980. Established by Presidential memorandum of Sept. 25, 1972. Terminated by National Security Council Trade Policy Committee Established by EO 10741 memorandum of Sept. 16, 1977. of Nov. 25, 1957. Abolished by EO 11075 of Jan. 15, 1963. Textile Industry, Board of Inquiry for the Cotton Established by EO 6840 of Sept. 5, 1934. Abolished Traffic Safety, President’s Committee for by EO 6858 of Sept. 26, 1934. Established by Presidential letter of Apr. 14, 1954. Continued by EO 10858 of Jan. 13, 1960. Abolished Textile National Industrial Relations Board by EO 11382 of Nov. 28, 1967. Established by administrative order of June 28, 1934. Abolished by EO 6858 of Sept. 26, 1934, which Traffic Safety Agency, National Established in created Textile Labor Relations Board in connection Commerce Department by act of Sept. 9, 1966 (80 with Labor Department. Board terminated July 1, Stat. 718). Activity transferred to Transportation 1937, and functions absorbed by U.S. Conciliation Department by act of Oct. 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 931). Service, Labor Department. Responsibility placed in National Highway Safety Bureau by EO 11357 of June 6, 1967. Textile National Industrial Relations Board, Cotton Established by original Code of Fair Competition for Training and Employment Service, U.S. Established the Cotton Textile Industry, as amended July 10, in Manpower Administration, Labor Department, 1934. Abolished by EO 6858 of Sept. 26, 1934. Mar. 17, 1969. Abolished by Secretary’s letter of Dec. 6, 1971, and functions assigned to Office of Textile Work Assignment Board, Cotton Employment Development Programs and U.S. Amendments to Code of Fair Competition for Cotton Employment Service. Textile Industry approved by EO 6876 of Oct. 16, 1934, and Cotton Textile Work Assignment Board Training School for Boys, National See District of appointed by Textile Labor Relations Board. Board Columbia, Reform-School of the expired June 15, 1935. Transportation, Federal Coordinator of Established Textile Work Assignment Board, Silk Appointed by by act of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. 211). Expired June Textile Labor Relations Board following President’s 16, 1936, under provisions of Public Resolution 27 approval of amendments to Code of Fair (49 Stat. 376). Competition for Silk Textile Industry by EO 6875 of Oct. 16, 1934. Terminated June 15, 1935. Transportation, Office of Established in Agriculture Department by Secretary’s Memorandum 1966 dated Textile Work Assignment Board, Wool Established Dec. 12, 1978. Abolished by Secretary’s by EO 6877 of Oct. 16, 1934. Terminated June 15, Memorandum 1030–25 dated Dec. 28, 1990. 1935. Transportation and Communications Service Textiles, Office of Established by Commerce Established by General Services Administrator Oct. Secretary Feb. 14, 1971. Functions transferred to 19, 1961. Abolished by Administrator’s order, APPENDIX B 805

effective July 15, 1972. Motor equipment, 31, 1984, by Secretary of State’s letter of Dec. 19, transportation, and public utilities responsibilities 1984. U.S. maintains status as observer mission in assigned to Federal Supply Service; UNESCO. telecommunications function assigned to Automated Data Telecommunications Service. United States Court of Military Appeals Established under Article I of the Constitution of the Transportation and Public Utilities Service United States pursuant to act of May 5, 1950, as Abolished by General Services Administration order amended (10 U.S.C. 867). Renamed United States of Aug. 17, 1982. Functions transferred to various Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces by act of GSA organizations. Oct. 5, 1995 (108 Stat. 2831).

Transportation Safety Board, National Established Upper Mississippi River Basin Commission in Transportation Department by act of Oct. 15, Established by EO 11659 of Mar. 22, 1972. 1966 (80 Stat. 935). Abolished by act of Jan. 3, 1975 Terminated by EO 12319 of Sept. 9, 1981. (88 Stat. 2156), which established independent National Transportation Safety Board. Urban Affairs, Council for Established in Executive Office of the President by EO 11452 of Jan. 23, Travel Service, U.S. Replaced by U.S. Travel and 1969. Terminated by EO 11541 of July 1, 1970. Tourism Administration, Commerce Department, pursuant to act of Oct. 16, 1981 (95 Stat. 1014). Urban Mass Transportation Administration Functions regarding urban mass transportation Travel and Tourism Adminstration, U.S. established in the Department of Housing and Urban Established by act of Oct. 16, 1981 (95 Stat. 1014). Development by act of July 9, 1964 (78 Stat. 302). Abolished by P.L. 104–288, Oct. 11, 1996 (110 Stat. Most functions transferred to Transportation 3407). Department by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1968, effective Travel and Tourism Advisory Board Established by June 30, 1968 (82 Stat. 1369), and joint act of Oct. 16, 1981 (95 Stat. 1017). Abolished by responsibility assigned to Transportation and P.L. 104–288, Oct. 11, 1996 (110 Stat. 3407). Housing and Urban Development Departments for functions relating to research, technical studies, and Treasury, Office of the Assistant Secretary of the— training. Transportation and Housing and Urban Electronics and Information Technology Development Under Secretaries agreed in November Established by Secretary’s Order 114–1 of Mar. 14, 1969 that Transportation Department should be 1983. Abolished by Secretary’s Order 114–3 of May focal point for urban mass transportation grant 17, 1985, and functions transferred to Office of the administration; at which time functions transferred to Assistant Secretary for Management. Certain the Department of Transportation. Renamed Federal provisions effective Aug. 31, 1985 (50 FR 23573). Transit Administration by act of Dec. 18, 1991 (105 Stat. 2088). Treasury, Solicitor of the Position established when certain functions of Solicitor of the Treasury Urban Renewal Administration Established in transferred to Justice Department by EO 6166 of Housing and Home Finance Agency by June 10, 1933. Solicitor of the Treasury transferred Administrator’s Organizational Order 1 of Dec. 23, from Justice Department to Treasury Department by 1954. Functions transferred to Housing and Urban same order. Office of Solicitor of the Treasury Development Department by act of Sept. 9, 1965 abolished by act of May 10, 1934 (48 Stat. 758), (78 Stat. 667), and Administration terminated. and functions transferred to General Counsel, Treasury Department. Utilization and Disposal Service Established July 1, 1961, by Administrator of General Services and Treasury Secretary, Assistant Office abolished by assigned functions of Federal Supply Service and Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, effective June 30, 1940, Public Buildings Service. Functions transferred to and functions transferred to Fiscal Assistant Property Management and Disposal Service July 29, Secretary, Treasury Department. 1966.

Treaties See State Department Veterans Administration Legal work in defense of suits against the U.S. arising under act of June 7, Typhus Commission, U.S. of America Established 1924 (43 Stat. 607), transferred to Justice in War Department by EO 9285 of Dec. 24, 1942. Abolished June 30, 1946, by EO 9680 of Jan. 17, Department by EO 6166 of June 10, 1933. Transfer 1946. deferred to Sept. 10, 1933, by EO 6222 of July 27, 1933. Established as an independent agency under U.S. See other part of title the President by Executive Order 5398 of July 21, 1930, in accordance with the act of July 3, 1930 (46 Uniformed Services University of the Health Stat. 1016) and the act of Sept. 2, 1958 (72 Stat. Sciences, School of Medicine of the Renamed F. 1114). Made an executive department in the Edward He´bert School of Medicine by act of Sept. executive branch and redesignated Veterans Affairs 24, 1983 (97 Stat. 704). Department by act of Oct. 25, 1988 (102 Stat. 2635). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization U.S. membership in UNESCO Veterans Education Appeals Board See Veterans authorized by act of July 30, 1946 (60 Stat. 712). Tuition Appeals Board Announcement of U.S. intention to withdraw made Dec. 28, 1983, in accordance with UNESCO Veterans Employment Service Renamed Veterans’ constitution. Official U.S. withdrawal effective Dec. Employment and Training Service by Labor 806 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Secretary’s Order 4–83 of Mar. 24, 1983 (48 FR Volunteers in Service to America Established by 14092). act of Nov. 8, 1966 (80 Stat. 1472). Service administered by Office of Economic Opportunity Veterans Health Administration See Medicine and and functions transferred to ACTION by Reorg. Plan Surgery, Department of No. 1 of 1971, effective July 1, 1971. Veterans Health Services and Research Wage Adjustment Board Established May 29, Administration See Medicine and Surgery, 1942, by Labor Secretary at Presidential direction of Department of May 14, 1942, to accomplish purpose of act of Mar. 3, 1931 (46 Stat. 1494), as amended by acts of Aug. Veterans Placement Service Board Established by 30, 1935 (49 Stat. 1011), and Jan. 30, 1942 (56 Stat. act of June 22, 1944 (58 Stat. 293). Abolished by 23). Disbanded on termination of National Wage Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1949, effective Aug. 20, 1949, Stabilization Board. and functions transferred to Labor Secretary. Wage and Price Stability, Council on Established Veterans Tuition Appeals Board Established by act in Executive Office of the President by act of Aug. of Aug. 24, 1949 (63 Stat. 654). Functions assumed 24, 1974 (88 Stat. 750). Abolished by EO 12288 of by Veterans Education Appeals Board established by Jan. 29, 1981. Funding ceased beyond June 5, 1981, act of July 13, 1950 (64 Stat. 336). Board terminated by act of June 5, 1981 (95 Stat. 74), and by act of Aug. 28, 1957 (71 Stat. 474). authorization for appropriations repealed by act of Aug. 13, 1981 (95 Stat. 432). Veterinary Medicine, Bureau of Established in Food and Drug Administration, Health, Education, Wage and Price Stability Program See Wage and and Welfare Department. Renamed Center for Price Stability, Council on Veterinary Medicine by FDA notice of Mar. 9, 1984 (49 FR 10166). Wage Stabilization Board Established by EO 10161 of Sept. 9, 1950. Reconstituted by EO 10377 Virgin Islands Public works programs under act of of July 25, 1952. Terminated Apr. 30, 1953, by EO Dec. 20, 1944 (58 Stat. 827), transferred from 10434 of Feb. 6, 1953, and acts of June 30, 1952 General Services Administrator to Interior Secretary (66 Stat. 296), and June 30, 1953 (67 Stat. 131). by Reorg. Plan No. 15 of 1950, effective May 24, 1950. Wage Stabilization Board, National See Defense Mediation Board, National Virgin Islands Company Established in 1934. Reincorporated as Government corporation by act of Wallops Flight Center, Wallops Island, VA June 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 350). Program terminated Formerly separate field installation of National June 30, 1965, and Corporation dissolved July 1, Aeronautics and Space Administration. Made 1966. component of Goddard Space Flight Center by NASA Management Instruction 1107.10A of Sept. 3, Virgin Islands Corporation See Virgin Islands 1981. Company War, Solid Fuels Administration for Established in Visitor Facilities Advisory Commission, National Interior Department by EO 9332 of Apr. 19, 1943. Established by act of Mar. 12, 1968 (82 Stat. 45). Absorbed Office of Solid Fuels Coordinator for War Expired Jan. 5, 1975, pursuant to act of Oct. 6, 1972 (originally established as Office of Solid Fuels (86 Stat. 776). Coordinator for National Defense) pursuant to Presidential letter of Nov. 5, 1941; later changed by Vocational Rehabilitation, Office of Established to Presidential letter of May 25, 1942. Terminated by administer provisions of act of July 6, 1943 (57 Stat. EO 9847 of May 6, 1947. 374). Other duties delegated by acts of Aug. 3, 1954 (68 Stat. 652), Nov. 8, 1965 (79 Stat. 1282), July 12, War Assets Administration Established in Office for 1960 (74 Stat. 364), and July 10, 1954 (68 Stat. Emergency Management by EO 9689 of Jan. 31, 454). Redesignated Vocational Rehabilitation 1946. Functions transferred to Surplus Property Administration Jan. 28, 1963. Made component of Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1947, newly created Social and Rehabilitation Service as effective July 1, 1947, and agency renamed War Rehabilitation Services Administration by Health, Assets Administration. Abolished by act of June 30, Education, and Welfare Department reorganization 1949 (63 Stat. 738), and functions transferred for of Aug. 15, 1967. liquidation to General Services Administration. Vocational Rehabilitation Administration See War Assets Corporation See Petroleum Reserves Vocational Rehabilitation, Office of Corporation Voluntary Citizen Participation, State Office of War Claims Commission Established by act of July Renamed State Office of Voluntarism in ACTION by 3, 1948 (62 Stat. 1240). Abolished by Reorg. Plan notice of Apr. 18, 1986 (51 FR 13265), effective No. 1 of 1954, effective July 1, 1954, and functions May 18, 1986. transferred to Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the U.S. Volunteer Service, International, Secretariat for Established in 1962 by International Conference on War Commodities Division Established in Office of Middle Level Manpower called by President. Foreign Economic Coordination by State Terminated Mar. 31, 1976, due to insufficient Departmental Order of Aug. 27, 1943. Office funding. abolished by departmental order of Nov. 6, 1943, APPENDIX B 807

pursuant to EO 9380 of Sept. 25, 1943, which War Mobilization and Reconversion, Office of established Foreign Economic Administration in Established by act of Oct. 3, 1944 (58 Stat. 785). Office for Emergency Management. Consolidated with other agencies by EO 9809 of Dec. 12, 1946, to form Office of Temporary War Communications, Board of See Defense Controls. Media Programming Division and Motion Communications Board Picture Division transferred to Office of Government War Contracts Price Adjustment Board Established Reports, reestablished by same order. Certain other by act of Feb. 25, 1944 (58 Stat. 85). Abolished by functions transferred to President and Commerce act of Mar. 23, 1951 (65 Stat. 7), and functions Secretary. transferred to Renegotiation Board, established by War Mobilization and Reconversion Advisory same act, and General Services Administrator. Board, Office of Established by act of Oct. 3, 1944 War Damage Corporation See War Insurance (58 Stat. 788). Transferred to Office of Temporary Corporation Controls by EO 9809 of Dec. 12, 1946. War Department Established by act of Aug. 7, War Plants Corporation, Smaller Established by act 1789 (1 Stat. 49), succeeding similar department of June 11, 1942 (56 Stat. 351). Functions transferred established prior to adoption of the Constitution. by EO 9665 of Dec. 27, 1945, to Reconstruction Three military departments—Army; Navy, including Finance Corporation and Commerce Department. naval aviation and U.S. Marine Corps; and Air Abolished by act of June 30, 1947 (61 Stat. 202), Force—reorganized under National Military and functions transferred for liquidation to General Establishment by act of July 26, 1947 (61 Stat. 495). Services Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1957, effective July 1, 1957. War Finance Corporation Established by act of Apr. 5, 1918 (40 Stat. 506). Functions and War and Post War Adjustment Policies, Advisory obligations transferred by Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, Unit on Established in Office of War Mobilization effective July 1, 1939, to Treasury Secretary for by Presidential direction Nov. 6, 1943. Report liquidation not later than Dec. 31, 1939. submitted Feb. 15, 1944, and Unit Director and Assistant Director submitted letter to Director of War War Food Administration See Food Production Mobilization ending their work May 12, 1944. and Distribution, Administration of War Production Board Established in Office for War Information, Office of Established in Office of Emergency Management by EO 9024 of Jan. 16, Emergency Management by EO 9182 of June 13, 1942. Board terminated and successor agency, 1942, consolidating Office of Facts and Figures; Civilian Production Administration, established by Office of Government Reports; Division of EO 9638 of Oct. 4, 1945. Information, Office for Emergency Management; and Foreign Information Service—Outpost, Publications, War Property Administration, Surplus Established and Pictorial Branches, Coordinator of Information. in Office of War Mobilization by EO 9425 of Feb. Abolished by EO 9608 of Aug. 31, 1945. Bureau of 19, 1944. Terminated on establishment of Surplus Special Services and functions with respect to review Property Board by act of Oct. 3, 1944 (58 Stat. 768). of publications of Federal agencies transferred to Surplus Property Administration established in Office Bureau of the Budget. Foreign information activities of War Mobilization and Reconversion by act of transferred to State Department. Sept. 18, 1945 (59 Stat. 533), and Board abolished. Domestic functions of Administration merged into War Insurance Corporation Established Dec. 13, War Assets Corporation, Reconstruction Finance 1941, by act of June 10, 1941 (55 Stat. 249). Charter Corporation, by EO 9689 of Jan. 31, 1946. Foreign filed Mar. 31, 1942. Renamed War Damage functions transferred to State Department by same Corporation by act of Mar. 27, 1942 (56 Stat. 175). order. Transfers made permanent by Reorg. Plan No. Transferred from Federal Loan Agency to Commerce 1 of 1947, effective July 1, 1947. Department by EO 9071 of Feb. 24, 1942. Returned to Federal Loan Agency by act of Feb. 24, 1945 (59 War Refugee Board Established in Executive Office Stat. 5). Agency abolished by act of June 30, 1947 of the President by EO 9417 of Jan. 22, 1944. (61 Stat. 202), and functions assumed by Terminated by EO 9614 of Sept. 14, 1945. Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Powers of War Damage Corporation, except for purposes of War Relations, Agricultural, Office for See Farm liquidation, terminated as of Jan. 22, 1947. Products, Division of War Labor Board, National See Defense War Relief Agencies, President’s Committee on Mediation Board, National Established by Presidential letter of Mar. 13, 1941. President’s War Relief Control Board established by War Manpower Commission Established in Office EO 9205 of July 25, 1942, to succeed Committee. for Emergency Management by EO 9139 of Apr. 18, Board terminated by EO 9723 of May 14, 1946, and 1942. Terminated by EO 9617 of Sept. 19, 1945, functions transferred to State Department. and functions, except Procurement and Assignment Service, transferred to Labor Department. War Relief Control Board, President’s See President’s Committee on War Relief Agencies War Mobilization, Office of Established by EO 9347 of May 27, 1943. Transferred to Office of War War Relocation Authority Established in Office for Mobilization and Reconversion by EO 9488 of Oct. Emergency Management by EO 9102 of Mar. 18, 3, 1944. 1942. Transferred to Interior Department by EO 808 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

9423 of Feb. 16, 1944. Terminated by EO 9742 of Waterways Corporation, Inland Incorporated June 25, 1946. under act of June 3, 1924 (43 Stat. 360). Transferred from War Department to Commerce Department by War Resources Board Established in August 1939 Reorg. Plan No. II of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. as advisory committee to work with Joint Army and Corporation sold to Federal Waterways Corporation Navy Munitions Board. Terminated by President under contract of July 24, 1953. Renamed Federal Nov. 24, 1939. Barge Lines, Inc. Liquidated by act of July 19, 1963 War Resources Council See Defense Resources (77 Stat. 81). Committee Weather Bureau Established in Agriculture War Shipping Administration Established in Office Department by act of Oct. 1, 1890 (26 Stat. 653). for Emergency Management by EO 9054 Feb. 7, Transferred to Commerce Department by Reorg. 1942. Terminated by act of July 8, 1946 (60 Stat. Plan No. IV of 1940, effective June 30, 1940. 501), and functions transferred to U.S. Maritime Functions transferred to Environmental Science Commission, effective Sept. 1, 1946. Services Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1965, effective July 13, 1965. Water, Office of Saline Established to perform functions vested in Interior Secretary by act of July Weather Control, Advisory Committee on 29, 1971 (85 Stat. 159). Merged with Office of Established by act of Aug. 13, 1953 (67 Stat. 559). Water Resources Research to form Office of Water Act of Aug. 28, 1957 (71 Stat. 426), provided for Research and Technology by Secretary’s Order 2966 termination by Dec. 31, 1957. of July 26, 1974. Weights and Measures, Office of Standard Water Commission, National Established by act of Renamed National Bureau of Standards by act of Sept. 26, 1968 (82 Stat. 868). Terminated Sept. 25, Mar. 3, 1901 (31 Stat. 1449). Bureau transferred 1973, pursuant to terms of act. from Treasury Department to Department of Water Policy, Office of Established by Interior Commerce and Labor by act of Feb. 14, 1903 (32 Department Manual Release 2374 of Dec. 29, 1981, Stat. 825). Bureau established within the Department under authority of Assistant Secretary. Abolished by of Commerce by act of Mar. 4, 1913 (37 Stat. 736). Secretarial Order No. 3096 of Oct. 19, 1983, and Renamed National Institute of Standards and functions transferred to Geological Survey and Technology by act of Aug. 23, 1988 (102 Stat. Office of Policy Analysis. 1827). Water Pollution Control Administration, Federal Welfare Administration Established by Health, Established under Health, Education, and Welfare Education, and Welfare Secretary’s reorganization of Secretary by act of Oct. 2, 1965 (79 Stat. 903). Jan. 28, 1963. Components consisted of Bureau of Transferred to Interior Department by Reorg. Plan Family Services, Children’s Bureau, Office of No. 2 of 1966, effective May 10, 1966. Renamed Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Development, and Federal Water Quality Administration by act of Apr. Cuban Refugee Staff. These functions reassigned to 3, 1970. Abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1970, Social and Rehabilitation Service by Department effective Dec. 2, 1970, and functions transferred to reorganization of Aug. 15, 1967. Environmental Protection Agency. Wilson Memorial Commission, Woodrow Water and Power Resources Service Renamed Established by act of Oct. 4, 1961 (75 Stat. 783). Bureau of Reclamation May 18, 1981, by Interior Terminated on submittal of final report to President Secretarial Order 3064. and Congress Sept. 29, 1966.

Water Quality Administration, Federal See Water Women, Interdepartmental Committee on the Pollution Control Administration, Federal Status of Established by EO 11126 of Nov. 1, Water Research and Technology, Office of 1963. Terminated by EO 12050 of Apr. 4, 1978. Established by Interior Secretarial Order 2966 of July Women, President’s Commission on the Status of 26, 1974. Abolished by Secretarial order of Aug. 25, Established by EO 10980 of Dec. 14, 1961. 1982, and functions transferred to Bureau of Submitted final report to President Oct. 11, 1963. Reclamation, Geological Survey, and Office of Water Policy. Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps Established by act Water Resources Council Established by act of July of May 14, 1942 (56 Stat. 278). Repealed in part 22, 1965 (89 Stat 575). Inactive as of Oct. 1, 1982. and superseded by act of July 1, 1943 (57 Stat. 371), which established Women’s Army Corps. Corps Water Resources Research, Office of Established abolished by Defense Secretary Apr. 24, 1978, to perform functions vested in Interior Secretary by pursuant to provisions of 10 U.S.C. 125A. act of July 17, 1964 (78 Stat. 329). Merged with Office of Saline Water to form Office of Water Women’s Business Enterprise Division Renamed Research and Technology by Secretary’s Order 2966 Office of Women’s Business Enterprise by Small of July 26, 1974. Business Administrator’s reorganization, effective Aug. 19, 1981. Renamed Office of Women’s Watergate Special Prosecution Force Established Business Ownership Aug. 19, 1982. by Attorney General order, effective May 25, 1973. Terminated by Attorney General order, effective June Women’s Reserve Established in U.S. Coast Guard 20, 1977. by act of Nov. 23, 1942 (56 Stat. 1020). APPENDIX B 809

Women’s Year, 1975, National Commission on the by direction of Administrator of Public Works. Observance of International Established by EO Terminated with filed certificate of dissolution with 11832 of Jan. 9, 1975. Continued by act of Dec. 23, secretary of state of Delaware Jan. 2, 1935. 1975 (89 Stat. 1003). Terminated Mar. 31, 1978, pursuant to terms of act. Works Progress Administration Established by EO 7034 of May 6, 1935, and continued by subsequent Wood Utilization, National Committee on yearly emergency relief appropriation acts. Renamed Established by Presidential direction in 1925. Work Projects Administration by Reorg. Plan No. I Abolished by EO 6179–B of June 16, 1933. of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, which provided for consolidation of Works Progress Administration into Work Projects Administration See Works Progress Federal Works Agency. Transferred by President to Administration Federal Works Administrator Dec. 4, 1942. Work-Training Programs, Bureau of Abolished by reorganization of Manpower Administration and Works, Special Board of Public See Land Program, functions assigned to U.S. Training and Employment Director of Service, effective Mar. 17, 1969. Yards and Docks, Bureau of Established by acts of Working Life, Productivity and Quality of, National Aug. 31, 1842 (5 Stat. 579), and July 5, 1862 (12 Center for Established by act of Nov. 28, 1975 (89 Stat. 510). Abolished by Defense Department reorg. Stat. 935). Authorized appropriations expired Sept. order of Mar. 9, 1966, and functions transferred to 30, 1978, and functions assumed by National Navy Secretary (31 FR 7188). Productivity Council. Youth Administration, National Established in Works, Advisory Committee on Federal Public Works Progress Administration by EO 7086 of June Established by President Oct. 5, 1955. Abolished by 26, 1935. Transferred to Federal Security Agency by President Mar. 12, 1961, and functions assigned to Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Bureau of the Budget. Transferred to Bureau of Training, War Manpower Commission, by EO 9247 of Sept. 17, 1942. Works Administration, Federal Civil Established by Terminated by act of July 12, 1943 (57 Stat. 539). EO 6420–B of Nov. 9, 1933. Function of employment expired March 1934. Function of Youth Crime, President’s Committee on Juvenile settling claims continued under Works Progress Delinquency and Established by EO 10940 of May Administration. 11, 1961. Terminated by EO 11529 of Apr. 24, 1970. Works Administration, Public See Emergency Administration of Public Works, Federal Youth Fitness, President’s Council on Established Works Agency, Federal Established by Reorg. Plan by EO 10673 of July 16, 1956. Renamed President’s No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939. Functions Council on Physical Fitness by EO 11074 of Jan. 8, relating to defense housing transferred to Federal 1963. Renamed President’s Council on Physical Public Housing Authority, National Housing Agency, Fitness and Sports by EO 11398 of Mar. 4, 1968. by EO 9070 of Feb. 24, 1942. Abolished by act of June 30, 1949 (63 Stat. 380), and functions Youth Opportunity, President’s Council on transferred to General Services Administration. Established by EO 11330 of Mar. 5, 1967. Inactive as of June 30, 1971; EO 11330 revoked by EO Works Emergency Housing Corporation, Public 12379 of Aug. 17, 1982. Established by EO 6470 of Nov. 29, 1933. Incorporated under laws of State of Delaware. Youth Programs, Office of Established in Interior Abolished and liquidated as of Aug. 14, 1935, by Department by Secretarial Order No. 2985 of Jan. 7, filing of certificate of surrender of corporate rights. 1965. Functions moved to Office of Historically Black College and University Programs and Job Works Emergency Leasing Corporation, Public Corps, Office of the Secretary, by Departmental Incorporated Jan. 3, 1934, under laws of Delaware Manual Release 2788 of Mar. 22, 1988.

APPENDIX C: Agencies Appearing in the Code of Federal Regulations

NOTE: This section contains an alphabetical listing of agencies appearing in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). The listing was revised as of April 1, 1997.

CFR Title, Subtitle or Agency Chapter ACTION 45, XII Administrative Committee of the Federal Register 1, I Advanced Research Projects Agency 32, I Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations 5, VII Advisory Committee on Federal Pay 5, IV Advisory Council on Historic Preservation 36, VIII African Development Foundation 22, XV Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 57 Agency for International Development 22, II Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 7 Agricultural Marketing Service 7, I, IX, X, XI Agricultural Research Service 7, V Agriculture Department Agricultural Marketing Service 7, I, IX, X, XI Agricultural Research Service 7, V Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 7, III; 9, I Commodity Credit Corporation 7, XIV Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension 7, XXXIV Service Economic Research Service 7, XXXVII Energy, Office of 7, XXIX Environmental Quality, Office of 7, XXXI Farm Service Agency 7, VII, XVIII Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 4 Federal Crop Insurance Corporation 7, IV Finance and Management, Office of 7, XXX Food and Consumer Service 7, II Food Safety and Inspection Service 9, III Foreign Agricultural Service 7, XV Forest Service 36, II Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration 7, VIII; 9, II Information Resources Management, Office of 7, XXVII Inspector General, Office of 7, XXVI National Agricultural Library 7, XLI National Agricultural Statistics Service 7, XXXVI Natural Resources Conservation Service 7, VI Operations, Office of 7, XXVIII Rural Business-Cooperative Service 7, XVIII, XLII Rural Development Administration 7, XLII Rural Housing Service 7, XVIII, XXXV Rural Telephone Bank 7, XVI Rural Utilities Service 7, XVII, XVIII, XLII Secretary of Agriculture, Office of 7, Subtitle A Transportation, Office of 7, XXXIII World Agricultural Outlook Board 7, XXXVIII Air Force Department 32, VII Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement 48, 53 Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System, Office of the 10, XV Federal Inspector Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Bureau of 27, I 811 812 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

CFR Title, Subtitle or Agency Chapter AMTRAK 49, VII American Battle Monuments Commission 36, IV Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 7, III; 9, I Appalachian Regional Commission 5, IX Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board 36, XI Arctic Research Commission 45, XXIII Armed Forces Retirement Home 5, XI Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, United States 22, VI Army Department 32, V Engineers, Corps of 33, II; 36, III Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 51 Assassination Records Review Board 36, XIV Benefits Review Board 20, VII Bilingual Education and Minority Languages Affairs, Office of 34, V Blind or Severely Disabled, Committee for Purchase From 41, 51 People Who Are Board for International Broadcasting 22, XIII Census Bureau 15, I Central Intelligence Agency 32, XIX Child Support Enforcement, Office of 45, III Children and Families, Administration for 45, II, III, IV, X Christopher Columbus Quincentenary Jubilee Commission 45, XXII Civil Rights, Commission on 45, VII Civil Rights, Office for 34, I Coast Guard 33, I; 46, I; 49, IV Commerce Department 44, IV Census Bureau 15, I‘ Economic Affairs, Under Secretary 37, V Economic Analysis, Bureau of 15, VIII Economic Development Administration 13, III Emergency Management and Assistance 44, IV Export Administration, Bureau of 15, VII Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 13 Fishery Conservation and Management 50, VI Foreign-Trade Zones Board 15, IV International Trade Administration 15, III; 19, III National Institute of Standards and Technology 15, II National Marine Fisheries Service 50, II, IV National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 15, IX; 50, II, III, IV, VI National Telecommunications and Information 15, XXIII; 47, III Administration National Weather Service 15, IX Patent and Trademark Office 37, I Productivity, Technology and Innovation, Assistant Secretary 37, IV for Secretary of Commerce, Office of 15, Subtitle A Technology, Under Secretary for 37, V Technology Administration 15, XI Technology Policy, Assistant Secretary for 37, IV Commercial Space Transportation 14, III Commodity Credit Corporation 7, XIV Commodity Futures Trading Commission 5, XLI; 17, I Community Planning and Development, Office of Assistant 24, V, VI Secretary for Community Services, Office of 45, X Comptroller of the Currency 12, I Construction Industry Collective Bargaining Commission 29, IX Consumer Product Safety Commission 5, LXXI; 16, II Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service 7, XXXIV Copyright Office 37, II Cost Accounting Standards Board 48, 99 Council on Environmental Quality 40, V Customs Service, United States 19, I Defense Contract Audit Agency 32, I Defense Department 5, XXVI; 32, Subtitle A Advanced Research Projects Agency 32, I Air Force Department 32, VII APPENDIX C 813

CFR Title, Subtitle or Agency Chapter Army Department 32, V; 33, II; 36, III, 48, 51 Defense Intelligence Agency 32, I Defense Logistics Agency 32, I, XII; 48, 54 Defense Mapping Agency 32, I Engineers, Corps of 33, II; 36, III Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 2 Navy Department 32, VI; 48, 52 Secretary of Defense, Office of 32, I Defense Contract Audit Agency 32, I Defense Intelligence Agency 32, I Defense Logistics Agency 32, XII; 48, 54 Defense Mapping Agency 32, I Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board 10, XVII Delaware River Basin Commission 18, III Drug Enforcement Administration 21, II East-West Foreign Trade Board 15, XIII Economic Affairs, Under Secretary 37, V Economic Analysis, Bureau of 15, VIII Economic Development Administration 13, III Economic Research Service 7, XXXVII Education, Department of 5, LIII Bilingual Education and Minority Languages Affairs, Office 34, V of Civil Rights, Office for 34, I Educational Research and Improvement, Office of 34, VII Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of 34, II Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 34 Postsecondary Education, Office of 34, VI Secretary of Education, Office of 34, Subtitle A Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, Office of 34, III Vocational and Adult Education, Office of 34, IV Educational Research and Improvement, Office of 34, VII Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of 34, II Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 20, IV Employees Loyalty Board 5, V Employment and Training Administration 20, V Employment Standards Administration 20, VI Endangered Species Committee 50, IV Energy, Department of 5, XXIII; 10, II, III, X Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 9 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 5, XXIV; 18, I Property Management Regulations 41, 109 Energy, Office of 7, XXIX Engineers, Corps of 33, II; 36, III Engraving and Printing, Bureau of 31, VI Enrichment Corporation, United States 10, XI Environmental Protection Agency 5, LIV; 40, I Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 15 Property Management Regulations 41, 115 Environmental Quality, Office of 7, XXXI Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 5, LXII; 29, XIV Equal Opportunity, Office of Assistant Secretary for 24, I Executive Office of the President 3, I Administration, Office of 5, XV Environmental Quality, Council on 40, V Management and Budget, Office of 25, III, LXXVII; 48, 99 National Drug Control Policy, Office of 21, III National Security Council 32, XXI; 47, 2 Presidential Documents 3 Science and Technology Policy, Office of 32, XXIV; 47, II Trade Representative, Office of the United States 15, XX Export Administration, Bureau of 15, VII Export-Import Bank of the United States 5, LII; 12, IV Family Assistance, Office of 45, II Farm Credit Administration 5, XXXI; 12, VI Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation 5, XXX; 12, XIV 814 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

CFR Title, Subtitle or Agency Chapter Farm Service Agency 7, VII, XVIII Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 1 Federal Aviation Administration 14, I Commercial Space Transportation 14, III Federal Claims Collection Standards 4, II Federal Communications Commission 5, XXIX; 47, I Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Office of 41, 60 Federal Crop Insurance Corporation 7, IV Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 5, XXII; 12, III Federal Election Commission 11, I Federal Emergency Management Agency 44, I Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 44 Federal Employees Group Life Insurance Federal Acquisition 48, 21 Regulation Federal Employees Health Benefits Acquisition Regulation 48, 16 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 5, XXIV; 18, I Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council 12, XI Federal Financing Bank 12, VIII Federal Highway Administration 23, I, II; 49, III Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 1, IV Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight Office 12, XVII Federal Housing Finance Board 12, IX Federal Inspector for the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation 10, XV System, Office of Federal Labor Relations Authority, and General Counsel of the 5, XIV; 22, XIV Federal Labor Relations Authority Federal Law Enforcement Training Center 31, VII Federal Maritime Commission 46, IV Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service 29, XII Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission 5, LXXIV; 29, XXVII Federal Pay, Advisory Committee on 5, IV Federal Prison Industries, Inc. 28, III Federal Procurement Policy Office 48, 99 Federal Property Management Regulations 41, 101 Federal Property Management Regulations System 41, Subtitle C Federal Railroad Administration 49, II Federal Register, Administrative Committee of 1, I Federal Register, Office of 1, II Federal Reserve System 12, II Board of Governors 5, LVIII Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board 5, VI, LXXVI Federal Service Impasses Panel 5, XIV Federal Trade Commission 5, XLVII; 16, I Federal Transit Administration 49, VI Federal Travel Regulation System 41, Subtitle F Finance and Management, Office of 7, XXX Fine Arts, Commission on 45, XXI Fiscal Service 31, II Fish and Wildlife Service, United States 50, I, IV Fishery Conservation and Management 50, VI Food and Drug Administration 21, I Food and Consumer Service 7, II Food Safety and Inspection Service 9, III Foreign Agricultural Service 7, XV Foreign Assets Control, Office of 31, V Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States 45, V Foreign Service Grievance Board 22, IX Foreign Service Impasse Disputes Panel 22, XIV Foreign Service Labor Relations Board 22, XIV Foreign-Trade Zones Board 15, IV Forest Service 36, II General Accounting Office 4, I, II General Services Administration 5, LVII Contract Appeals, Board of 48, 61 Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 5 Federal Property Management Regulations System 41, 101, 105 Federal Travel Regulation System 41, Subtitle F APPENDIX C 815

CFR Title, Subtitle or Agency Chapter Payment From a Non-Federal Source for Travel Expenses 41, 304 Payment of Expenses Connected With the Death of Certain 41, 303 Employees Relocation Allowances 41, 302 Travel Allowances 41, 301 Geological Survey 30, IV Government Ethics, Office of 5, XVI Government National Mortgage Association 24, III Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration 7, VIII; 9, II Great Lakes Pilotage 46, III Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation 45, XVIII Health and Human Services, Department of 5, XLV; 45, Subtitle A Child Support Enforcement, Office of 45, III Children and Families, Administration for 45, II, III, IV, X Community Services, Office of 45, X Family Assistance, Office of 45, II Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 3 Food and Drug Administration 21, I Health Care Financing Administration 42, IV Human Development Services, Office of 45, XIII Indian Health Service 25, V Inspector General (Health Care), Office of 42, V Public Health Service 42, I Refugee Resettlement, Office of 45, IV Health Care Financing Administration 42, IV Housing and Urban Development, Department of 5, LXV; 24, Subtitle B Community Planning and Development, Office of Assistant 24, V, VI Secretary for Equal Opportunity, Office of Assistant Secretary for 24, I Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 24 Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, Office of 12, XVII Government National Mortgage Association 24, III Housing—Federal Housing Commissioner, Office of 24, II, VIII, X, XX Assistant Secretary for Inspector General, Office of 24, XII Public and Indian Housing, Office of Assistant Secretary for 24, IX Secretary, Office of 24, Subtitle A, VII Housing—Federal Housing Commissioner, Office of Assistant 24, II, VIII, X, XX Secretary for Human Development Services, Office of 45, XIII Immigration and Naturalization Service 8, I Independent Counsel, Office of 28, VII Indian Affairs, Bureau of 25, I, V Indian Affairs, Office of the Assistant Secretary 25, VI Indian Arts and Crafts Board 25, II Indian Health Service 25, V Information Agency, United States 22, V Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 19 Information Resources Management, Office of 7, XXVII Information Security Oversight Office, National Archives and 32, XX Records Administration Inspector General Agriculture Department 7, XXVI Health and Human Services Department 42, V Housing and Urban Development Department 24, XII Institute of Peace, United States 22, XVII Inter-American Foundation 5, LXIII; 22, X Intergovernmental Relations, Advisory Commission on 5, VII Interior Department Endangered Species Committee 50, IV Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 14 Federal Property Management Regulations System 41, 114 Fish and Wildlife Service, United States 50, I, IV Geological Survey 30, IV Indian Affairs, Bureau of 25, I, V Indian Affairs, Office of the Assistant Secretary 25, VI Indian Arts and Crafts Board 25, II 816 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

CFR Title, Subtitle or Agency Chapter Land Management, Bureau of 43, II Minerals Management Service 30, II Mines, Bureau of 30, VI National Indian Gaming Commission 25, III National Park Service 36, I Reclamation, Bureau of 43, I Secretary of the Interior, Office of 43, Subtitle A Surface Mining and Reclamation Appeals, Board of 30, III Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, Office of 30, VII Internal Revenue Service 26, I International Boundary and Water Commission, United States 22, XI and Mexico, United States Section International Development, Agency for 22, II Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 7 International Development Cooperation Agency, United States 22, XII International Development, Agency for 22, II; 48, 7 Overseas Private Investment Corporation 5, XXXIII; 22, VII International Fishing and Related Activities 50, III International Investment, Office of 31, VIII International Joint Commission, United States and Canada 22, IV International Organizations Employees Loyalty Board 5, V International Trade Administration 15, III; 19, III International Trade Commission, United States 19, II Interstate Commerce Commission 5, XL James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation 45, XXIV Japan–United States Friendship Commission 22, XVI Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries 20, VIII Justice Department 5, XXVIII; 28, I Drug Enforcement Administration 21, II Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 28 Federal Claims Collection Standards 4, II Federal Prison Industries, Inc. 28, III Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States 45, V Immigration and Naturalization Service 8, I Offices of Independent Counsel 28, VI Prisons, Bureau of 28, V Property Management Regulations 41, 128 Labor Department 5, XLII Benefits Review Board 20, VII Employees’ Compensation Appeals Board 20, IV Employment and Training Administration 20, V Employment Standards Administration 20, VI Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 29 Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Office of 41, 60 Federal Procurement Regulations System 41, 50 Labor-Management Relations and Cooperative Programs, 29, II Bureau of Labor-Management Programs, Office of 29, IV Mine Safety and Health Administration 30, I Occupational Safety and Health Administration 29, XVII Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration 29, XXV Public Contracts 41, 50 Secretary of Labor, Office of 29, Subtitle A Veterans’ Employment and Training, Office of the Assistant 41, 61; 20, IX Secretary for Wage and Hour Division 29, V Workers’ Compensation Programs, Office of 20, I Labor-Management Relations and Cooperative Programs, 29, II Bureau of Labor-Management Programs, Office of 29, IV Land Management, Bureau of 43, II Legal Services Corporation 45, XVI Library of Congress 36, VII Copyright Office 37, II Management and Budget, Office of 5, III, LXXVII; 48, 99 Marine Mammal Commission 50, V Maritime Administration 46, II APPENDIX C 817

CFR Title, Subtitle or Agency Chapter Merit Systems Protection Board 5, II Micronesian Status Negotiations, Office for 32, XXVII Mine Safety and Health Administration 30, I Minerals Management Service 30, II Mines, Bureau of 30, VI Minority Business Development Agency 15, XIV Miscellaneous Agencies 1, IV Monetary Offices 31, I National Aeronautics and Space Administration 5, LIX; 14, V Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 18 National Agricultural Library 7, XLI National Agricultural Statistics Service 7, XXXVI National Archives and Records Administration 5, LXVI; 36, XII Information Security Oversight Office 32, XX National Bureau of Standards 15, II National Capital Planning Commission 1, IV National Commission for Employment Policy 1, IV National Commission on Libraries and Information Science 45, XVII National and Community Service, Corporation for 45, XXV National Council on Disability 34, XII National Credit Union Administration 12, VII National Drug Control Policy, Office of 21, III National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities 45, XI National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 23, II, III; 49, V National Indian Gaming Commission 25, III National Institute for Literacy 34, XI National Institute of Standards and Technology 15, II National Labor Relations Board 29, I National Marine Fisheries Service 50, II, IV National Mediation Board 29, X National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 15, IX; 50, II, III, IV, VI National Park Service 36, I National Railroad Adjustment Board 29, III National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK) 49, VII National Science Foundation 5, XLIII; 45, VI Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 25 National Security Council 32, XXI National Security Council and Office of Science and 47, II Technology Policy National Telecommunications and Information Administration 15, XXIII; 47, III National Transportation Safety Board 49, VIII National Weather Service 15, IX Natural Resources Conservation Service 7, VI Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation, Office of 25, IV Navy Department 32, VI Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 52 Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation 24, XXV Nuclear Regulatory Commission 5, XLVIII; 10, I Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 20 Occupational Safety and Health Administration 29, XVII Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission 29, XX Offices of Independent Counsel 28, VI Operations Office 7, XXVIII Overseas Private Investment Corporation 5, XXXIII; 22, VII Panama Canal Commission 48, 35 Panama Canal Regulations 35, I Patent and Trademark Office 37, I Payment From a Non-Federal Source for Travel Expenses 41, 304 Payment of Expenses Connected With the Death of Certain 41, 303 Employees Peace Corps 22, III Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation 36, IX Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration 29, XXV Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation 29, XL Personnel Management, Office of 5, I, XXXV; 45, VIII Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 17 Federal Employees Group Life Insurance Federal Acquisition 48, 21 Regulation 818 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

CFR Title, Subtitle or Agency Chapter Federal Employees Health Benefits Acquisition Regulation 48, 16 Postal Rate Commission 5, XLVI; 39, III Postal Service, United States 5, LX; 39, I Postsecondary Education, Office of 34, VI President’s Commission on White House Fellowships 1, IV Presidential Commission on the Assignment of Women in the 32, XXIX Armed Forces Presidential Documents 3 Prisons, Bureau of 28, V Productivity, Technology and Innovation, Assistant Secretary 37, IV Public Contracts, Department of Labor 41, 50 Public and Indian Housing, Office of Assistant Secretary for 24, IX Public Health Service 42, I Railroad Retirement Board 20, II Reclamation, Bureau of 43, I Refugee Resettlement, Office of 45, IV Regional Action Planning Commissions 13, V Relocation Allowances 41, 302 Research and Special Programs Administration 49, I Rural Business-Cooperative Service 7, XVIII, XLII Rural Development Administration 7, XLII Rural Housing Service 7, XVIII, XXXV Rural Telephone Bank 7, XVI Rural Utilities Service 7, XVII, XVIII, XLII Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation 33, IV Science and Technology Policy, Office of 32, XXIV Science and Technology Policy, Office of, and National 47, II Security Council Secret Service 31, IV Securities and Exchange Commission 17, II Selective Service System 32, XVI Small Business Administration 13, I Smithsonian Institution 36, V Social Security Administration 20, III; 48, 23 Soldiers’ and Airmen’s Home, United States 5, XI Special Counsel, Office of 5, VIII Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, Office of 34, III Special Trustee for American Indians, Office of 25, VII State Department 22, I Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 6 Surface Mining and Reclamation Appeals, Board of 30, III Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, Office of 30, VII Surface Transportation Board 49, X Susquehanna River Basin Commission 18, VIII Technology Administration 15, XI Technology Policy, Assistant Secretary for 37, IV Technology, Under Secretary for 37, V Tennessee Valley Authority 5, LXIX; 18, XIII Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board 12, XV Thrift Supervision Office, Department of the Treasury 12, V Trade Representative, United States, Office of 15, XX Transportation, Department of 5, L Coast Guard 33, I; 46, I; 49, IV Commercial Space Transportation 14, III Contract Appeals, Board of 48, 63 Emergency Management and Assistance 44, IV Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 12 Federal Aviation Administration 14, I Federal Highway Administration 23, I, II; 49, III Federal Railroad Administration 49, II Federal Transit Administration 49, VI Maritime Administration 46, II National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 23, II, III; 49, V Research and Special Programs Administration 49, I Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation 33, IV Secretary of Transportation, Office of 14, II; 49, Subtitle A Surface Transportation Board 49, X APPENDIX C 819

CFR Title, Subtitle or Agency Chapter Transportation, Office of 7, XXXIII Travel Allowances 41, 301 Treasury Department 5, XXI; 17, IV Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Bureau of 27, I Community Development Financial Institutions Fund 12, XVIII Comptroller of the Currency 12, I Customs Service, United States 19, I Engraving and Printing, Bureau of 31, VI Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 10 Federal Law Enforcement Training Center 31, VII Fiscal Service 31, II Foreign Assets Control, Office of 31, V Internal Revenue Service 26, I International Investment, Office of 31, VIII Monetary Offices 31, I Secret Service 31, IV Secretary of the Treasury, Office of 31, Subtitle A Thrift Supervision, Office of 12, V Truman, Harry S. Scholarship Foundation 45, XVIII United States and Canada, International Joint Commission 22, IV United States and Mexico, International Boundary and Water 22, XI Commission, United States Section United States Enrichment Corporation 10, XI Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation Commission 43, III Veterans Affairs Department 38, I Federal Acquisition Regulation 48, 8 Veterans’ Employment and Training, Office of the Assistant 41, 61; 20, IX Secretary for Vice President of the United States, Office of 32, XXVIII Vocational and Adult Education, Office of 34, IV Wage and Hour Division 29, V Water Resources Council 18, VI Workers’ Compensation Programs, Office of 20, I World Agricultural Outlook Board 7, XXXVIII NAME INDEX

NOTE: Separate listings of Senators and Representatives can be found beginning on pages 32 and 34, respectively. Any other references to said persons can be found in this index.

A Allen, M. StewartÐ453 Andrews, James M.Ð144 Allen, Melissa L.Ð538 Andrews, PaulÐ455 Aaneson, Charles R.Ð696 Allen, MikeÐ141 Andrews, Robert L.Ð669 Aaron, David L.Ð396 Allen, Rae N.Ð597 Andries, George H., Jr.Ð485 Abbenhaus, ColleenÐ432 Allen, Robert E.Ð607 Andriesen, LarryÐ420 Abbey, George W.S.Ð583 Allen, Thad W.Ð403 Angrist, Eugene P.Ð207 Abbott, Alden F.Ð143 Allgeier, PeterÐ107 Angulo, Albert W.Ð676 Abbott, John M.Ð443 Allison, Theodore E.Ð552 Anku, Linda R.Ð382 Abdellah, Faye G.Ð240 Alm, Alvin L.Ð252 Annable, JamesÐ553 Abington, Edward G.Ð396 Almaguer, FrankÐ696 Annan, Kofi A.Ð744 Abraham, Katharine G.Ð367 Alois, Peter B.Ð157 Anno, Stephen E.Ð192 Abrahams, RobertÐ158 Alonzo, Anne L.Ð146 Antos, Joseph R.Ð60 Accardi, Thomas C.Ð404 Alpern, Stephen E.Ð578 Apfel, KennethÐ99 Accola, Anne L.Ð581 Alsobrook, DavidÐ591 Apodaca, VirginiaÐ264 Acheson, Eleanor D.Ð327 Alt, Frederick T.Ð145, 567 Aponte, Nilda I.Ð46 Ackerman, CarleneÐ679 Altenhofen, JaneÐ699 App, Steven O.Ð440 Ackerman, KenÐ109 Altschul, Alfred S.Ð613 Appleton, R.E.Ð210 Acton, Jan PaulÐ60 Alvarado, AlbertoÐ670 Aquayo-Pereles, JoaquinÐ470 Adamkus, Valdas V.Ð511 Alvarado, Susan E.Ð704 Arbuckle, Donald R.Ð99 Adams, GordonÐ99 Alvarez, AidaÐ661 Archer, Glenn L., Jr.Ð73 Adams, J. CalvinÐ268 Alvarez, Marsha E.Ð270 Archilla, JoaquinÐ420 Amador, Antonio C.Ð578 Arena, James A.Ð622 Adams, John H.Ð458 Amerault, James F.Ð208 Arendes, Vincent F.Ð49 Adams, Patrick O.Ð173, 185 Ames, Alpha H., Jr.Ð409 Argrett, Loretta C.Ð328 Adams, Roger C.Ð327 Ames, Fred L.Ð418 Arguelles, Lori AnnÐ147 Adams, William D.Ð265 Amlin, Gary W.Ð226 Arigo, C.A.Ð195 Adamson, JimÐ484 Amn, TedÐ158 Arky, ElizabethÐ106 Adamson, Terrence B.Ð733 Amoni, MarilenaÐ408 Arlook, Martin M.Ð609 Adger, HooverÐ102 Amontree, Thomas S.Ð110 Armshaw, JamesÐ611 Adkins, CharlesÐ382 Anand, SudeepÐ717 Armstrong, JanetÐ669 Adler, Karen R.Ð575 Andary, Robert G.Ð542 Armstrong, John A.Ð615 Affleck-Smith, JoanÐ438 Anders, AnaÐ270 Armstrong, Robert L.Ð308 Agnos, Arthur C.Ð305 Andersen, MattÐ157 Armstrong, Spence M.Ð583 Aguayo, Victoria E.Ð609 Andersen, Robert M.Ð503 Arneson, Meredith L.Ð49 Ahearn, Richard L.Ð609 Anderson, AlmaÐ517 Arnett, Ross H., IIIÐ265 Ahl, Alwynelle S.Ð110 Anderson, BarryÐ99 Arnold, Morris S.Ð72 Ahlquist, Norman M.Ð385 Anderson, Bernard E.Ð367 Arnold, Richard S.Ð72 AhNee, Robert D.Ð459 Anderson, BradyÐ396 Arnold, ThomasÐ481 Aidala, James V.Ð507 Anderson, Carl A.Ð681 Aron, WilliamÐ161 Aikens, Joan D.Ð533 Anderson, CharlesÐ669 Arons, Bernard S.Ð270 Akey, Steven J.Ð402 Anderson, David T.Ð299 Artigliere, AnthonyÐ567 Albertson, JohnnieÐ662 Anderson, Dean W.Ð718 Ashby, Robert C.Ð402 Albino, Augustine A.Ð461 Anderson, DeniseÐ516 Ashe, VictorÐ498 Albinson, R. DavidÐ472 Anderson, ElizabethÐ443 Ashley, Ivan R.Ð691 Albright, John C.Ð162 Anderson, George S.Ð300 Ashworth, W.R.Ð110 Albright, Madeleine K.Ð96, 388 Anderson, Glenn B.Ð248 Asper, David A.Ð484 Albritton, Daniel L.Ð161 Anderson, HowardÐ643 Asseo, Mary ZelmaÐ609 Alcalde, Nelson B.Ð575 Anderson, JamesÐ696 Atchinson, DianeÐ144 Alcock, Robert M.Ð252 Anderson, JerrilynÐ270 Athey, Robert M.Ð486 Aldrich, Dorrie Y.Ð408 Anderson, Leigh C.Ð472 Atkins, James H.Ð558 Alegria, Fernando L., Jr.Ð653 Anderson, Michael J.Ð307 Attie, EliÐ93 Alexander, A.Ð484 Anderson, Norman B.Ð269 Atwood, J. BrianÐ691, 692 Alexander, Duane F.Ð269 Anderson, Phillipa L.Ð470 Auer, ElizabethÐ669 Alexander, JaneÐ601 Anderson, R. Lanier, IIIÐ73 Auer, Marjorie A.Ð470 Alexander, Joseph K.Ð508 Anderson, Richard A.Ð487 Auerbach, MitchelÐ158 Alexander, Leslie M.Ð395 Anderson, Richard J.Ð617 Augulis, Richard P.Ð160 Alger, JeffreyÐ481 Anderson, Robert T.Ð307 Augustyn, Noel J.Ð78 Alito, Samuel A., Jr.Ð70 Anderson, Roger L.Ð438 Aument, Ronald R.Ð470 Allegra, Francis M.Ð327 Anderson, Stephen H.Ð72 Austin, Louis E.Ð652 Allen, Frederick W.Ð506 Anderson, William O.Ð300 Auten, John H.Ð439 Allen, J.R.Ð210 Andrews, Dale C.Ð401 Autin, JohnÐ157 821 822 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Avery, Napoleon S.Ð460 Banscher, RolandÐ716 Bauerlein, Robert D.Ð183 Awantang, FelixÐ696 Baquet, Charles R., IIIÐ643 Bauge, GeraldÐ110 Ayele, MogesÐ405 Barajas, PhyllisÐ244 Baum, Robert L.Ð307 Ayers, TroyÐ427 Baratz, MaxÐ195 Baumgaertner, Martin W.Ð580 Azama, RodÐ676 Barbash, Barry P.Ð652 Bavis, JohnÐ611 Azcuenaga, Mary L.Ð559 Barbat, Damon L.Ð143 Baxter, FelixÐ243 Barbee-Fletcher, SharonÐ645 Baxter, Thomas C., Jr.Ð553 B Barber, Edwin L.Ð440 Bay, AnnÐ718 Barberesi, Raymond R.Ð409 Bay, DonaldÐ109 Babbitt, BruceÐ307, 498, 597 Barca, PeterÐ669, 670 Baylen, James L.Ð599 Babbitt, G.T.Ð229 Barclay, GeorgeÐ566 Bayless, David B.Ð658 Babbitt, Harriet C.Ð389, 396, 577 Bardon, MarcelÐ617 Baylson, JoshuaÐ507 Babbitts, LarryÐ385 Barile, Vincent L.Ð473 Bazar, KennethÐ378 Babcock, Mary L.Ð267 Bark, Dennis L.Ð735 Bazzle, Diane N.Ð505 Baca, BettieÐ143 Barkan, Joel W.Ð157 Beach, John W.Ð183 Baca, Edward D.Ð185, 195 Barker, Barry M.Ð482 Beach, Milo C.Ð717 Baca, Joseph F.Ð733 Barker, Betty L.Ð145 Beal, Frank S.Ð498 Baca, Polly B.Ð575 Barkett, RosemaryÐ73 Beale, James R.Ð184 Baca, Sylvia V.Ð308 Barksdale, James C.Ð669 Beale, Richard E., Jr.Ð225 Bachiller, R.M.Ð211 Barksdale, Rhesa H.Ð71 Beals, Theodore F.Ð471 Bachkosky, John M.Ð172 Barlow, Elizabeth T.Ð143 Beam, Clarence ArlenÐ72 Bachman, Ronald G.Ð385 Barlow, Ralph M.Ð527 Bear, DinahÐ95 Bachner, Jane H.Ð406 Barnard, James N.Ð567 Beaulieu, PhyllisÐ499 Bachula, Gary R.Ð148 Barnes, C. RichardÐ548, 549 Beaven, VidaÐ269 Bacon, Dan W.Ð486 Barnes, DennyÐ158 Bechet, Leon J.Ð662 Bacon, JohnÐ480 Barnes, DevereauxÐ507 Beck, Mary CouttsÐ97 Bacon, Kenneth H.Ð173 Barnes, Donald G.Ð505 Becker, CharlesÐ156 Baden, LarryÐ601 Barnes, Janet L.Ð635 Becker, Edward R.Ð70 Baebel, Emilie M.Ð439 Barnes, Jeffrey S.Ð482 Beckley, SandraÐ480, 481 Baer, DonaldÐ91 Barnes, Paul D.Ð671 Bednar, James F.Ð696 Baer, William J.Ð559 Barnett, JudithÐ146 Beebe, Cora PrifoldÐ447 Baerwald, Thomas J.Ð616 Barnett, StewartÐ208 Beecher, William M.Ð625 Baffa, John H.Ð474 Barolo, DanielÐ507 Beeman, Josiah H.Ð396 Bagley, Elizabeth F.Ð396 Baron, Frederick D.Ð327 Beene, J. PaulÐ459, 460 Bahl, Barry T.Ð483 Barr, John, IIIÐ247 Beeton, Alfred M.Ð147 Bailey, Betty L.Ð506 Barr, MariÐ299 Begala, Kathleen P.Ð496 Bailey, Chester V.Ð516 Barr, MichaelÐ438 Belaga, Julie D.Ð518 Bailey, Kevin J.Ð443 Barram, David J.Ð565, 597 Belger, Monte R.Ð403, 404 Baird, Iain S.Ð145 Barranca, Nicholas F.Ð705 Belisle, PhilipÐ458 Baird, Richard D.Ð652 Barrett, Archie D.Ð193 Bell, Barry L.Ð471 Baird, RonaldÐ162 Barrett, David R.Ð484 Bell, GaryÐ445 Baker, BeckyÐ599 Barrett, Edward J.Ð418 Bell, Hubert T., Jr.Ð626 Baker, Beverly G.Ð523 Barrett, John W., Jr.Ð495 Bell, LindaÐ602 Baker, C. StevenÐ564 Barrett, Lake H.Ð252 Bell-Goodrich, SharonÐ483, 484 Baker, D. JamesÐ147 Barrett, Lawrence E.Ð661 Bellardo, Lewis J.Ð588 Baker, Edward L.Ð266 Barrett, Thomas J.Ð403 Beller, MelanieÐ307 Baker, Elaine L.Ð539 Barringer, Martha M.Ð649 Belles, GailÐ473 Baker, Howard H., Jr.Ð716 Barron, William G., Jr.Ð368 Belote, William A.Ð191 Baker, James R.Ð110 Barry, Donald J.Ð307 Belton, Linda W.Ð471 Baker, JohnÐ685 Barry, Marion S., Jr.Ð597 Belz, DavidÐ403 Baker, Jon A.Ð487 Barshefsky, CharleneÐ106 Belz, James K.Ð705 Baker, Jonathan B.Ð559 Bartanowicz, RobertÐ420 Benages, JamesÐ378 Baker, Kenneth E.Ð252 Bartell, Michael E.Ð653 Benavides, Fortunado P.Ð71 Baker, Michael C.Ð484 Bartholomew, ReginaldÐ396 Benedict, Lawrence N.Ð395 Baker, Richard L.Ð549 Bartholow, Steven A.Ð649 Benedict, PeterÐ696 Baker, S.H.Ð210 Bartning, Dolores dlTÐ518 Beneke, Patricia J.Ð307 Bakke, David C.Ð705 Barton, William R.Ð565 Benjamin, Charles D.Ð97 Balderston, Kris M.Ð93 Baseman, Leroy T.Ð184 Benken, EricÐ185 Baldock, Bobby R.Ð72 Basham, W. RalphÐ447 Bennett, David L.Ð404 Baldwin, Hattie P.Ð684 Bashaw, Peter A.Ð410 Bennett, Donna D.Ð566 Baldwin, Robert N.Ð733 Baskir, Lawrence M.Ð194 Benoit, Jeffrey R.Ð161 Baldwin, WendyÐ269 Bass, DavidÐ622 Benoit, Ronald R.Ð385 Balinskas, James A.Ð582 Basso, Peter J.Ð402 Benowitz, Stephen C.Ð269 Ballantyne, Harry C.Ð671 Batchelder, Alice M.Ð71 Bensey, Roger L.Ð110 Ballantyne, JanetÐ696 Bates, Jared L.Ð195 Benson, B. AllanÐ609 Ballard, Joe N.Ð195 Bates, MelindaÐ92 Benson, William F.Ð264 Ballas, Henry J.Ð453 Bates, SandraÐ567 Benton, David L.Ð453 Balsanek, Thomas G.Ð473 Batliner, Terrence S.Ð471 Benz, CharityÐ381 Baltar, JorgeÐ481 Batres, Alfonso R.Ð472 Berbrich, John T.Ð228 Baltay, Maureen S.Ð471 Battaglini, J.R.Ð207 Berg, LisaÐ94 Balutis, Alan P.Ð144 Battocchi, Ronald S.Ð622 Berg, OlenaÐ366 Banerjee, TapanÐ157 Batts, LindaÐ443 Bergdoll, ThomasÐ670 Bangart, Richard L.Ð626 Batts, WalterÐ267 Berger, Samuel R.Ð91, 96 Banks, CecilÐ491 Bauer, FrankÐ141 Bergin, PeterÐ669 Banks, SamuelÐ443 Bauer, Norman W.Ð482 Bergman, CarolÐ102 Bannister, HeywardÐ470 Bauer, Roger K.Ð470 Bergmark, MarthaÐ715 Banque, RobertÐ440 Bauerlein, Joan W.Ð404 Berkenwald, CarlÐ580 NAME INDEX 823

Berkowitz, FrancineÐ718 Blitzer, CharlesÐ718 Bowen, Bruce J.Ð447 Bermant, GordonÐ82 Blocker, AnaniasÐ93 Bowen, Jerry W.Ð473 Bernard, Normand R.V.Ð553 Bloedorn, Philip E.Ð610 Bower, Glen L.Ð649 Berns, MitchellÐ538 Blommer, Michael W.Ð78 Bowers, SusanÐ243 Bernstein, JodieÐ559 Bloom, EllenÐ143 Bowie, Noble N.Ð407 Bernstein, MaryÐ401 Bloom, Madeleine S.Ð405 Bowie, TerryÐ446 Bernstein, SheldonÐ602 Bloom, Michael J.Ð564 Bowles, Erskine B.Ð90, 96 Berrie, James H., Jr.Ð527 Bloom, Thomas R.Ð242 Bowman, F.L.Ð209 Berry, DennisÐ244 Bloyer, Michael J.Ð517 Bowman, John E.Ð439 Berry, M. JohnÐ716 Blum, Carolyn C.Ð420 Bowman, M.L.Ð210 Berry, MarshaÐ91 Blum, James L.Ð60 Bowman, Pasco M., IIÐ72 Berry, Mary FrancesÐ681 Blum, Margaret D.Ð409 BowneÂ, ShirleeÐ599 Berry, SusanÐ157 Blumenthal, RonnieÐ512 Boyd, Eileen T.Ð264 Berry, William C.Ð527 Blumenthal, Susan J.Ð262 Boyd, JerryÐ481 Bertenthal, Bennett I.Ð616 Blunt, KathleenÐ645 Boyd, Marsha ScialdoÐ578 Berthod, Darlene R.Ð460 Blyer, Alvin P.Ð610 Boyd, Morris J.Ð195 Besecker, Walter J.Ð472 Boadwine, June L.Ð72 Boyle, Regis R.Ð625 Best, JudyÐ184 Bobbitt, JaneÐ143 Braaten, T.A.Ð211 Betsold, Robert J.Ð405 Bobek, Joseph J.Ð78 Braddock, Martha S.Ð534 Bettridge, Thomas M.Ð668, 670 Bobek, Robert J.Ð583 Bradford, Barbara R.Ð676 Beverly, JohnÐ366 Bockweg, Gary L.Ð79 Bradford, Charles K.Ð411 Beyer, WallyÐ109 Boddie, J. Timothy, Jr.Ð582 Bradford, GigiÐ601 Bezdek, Roger A.Ð438 Bodner, James M.Ð172 Bradley, BenjaminÐ516 Bialos, JeffreyÐ146 Boe, Hans-PetterÐ742 Bradley, Jacqueline R.Ð516 Bibb, David L.Ð567 Boeder, LaurieÐ263, 582 Bradley, JaneÐ106 Bibbs, LawrenceÐ487 Boehne, Edward G.Ð553 Bradley, Leigh A.Ð207 Biden, Francis W.Ð49 Boehne, Kenneth P.Ð649 Bradshaw, E. DouglasÐ470 Bielowicz, P.L.Ð231 Boehne, KevinÐ432 Bradshaw, Nancy LeeÐ78 Bierbaum, RosinaÐ105 Boesch, GeneÐ184 Brady, Thomas E.Ð616 Bierke, John H.Ð696 Boger, Bruce A.Ð626 Bragg, Lynn M.Ð699 Bigelow, PamelaÐ460 Boggs, Danny J.Ð71 Brainard, William C.Ð552 Billick, Andrew S.Ð420 Bohac, Barry A.Ð527 Brakefield, James P.Ð472 Billik, DeanÐ486 Bohannon, MarkÐ143, 148 Brambilla, JanÐ685 Billingsley, Kassie A.Ð512 Bohlen, Avis T.Ð395 Bramlett, David A.Ð195 Billingsley, William F.Ð717 Bokota, StanleyÐ157 Brandenburg, BertÐ328 Billington, James H.Ð53 Bolden, BettyÐ542 Brandenstein, AlbertÐ102 Billy, ThomasÐ109 Boles, Anita LacyÐ578 Brann, JosephÐ328 Binnion, JohnÐ445 Bolger, DavidÐ406 Brazzil, Robert E.Ð459, 460 Binns, Eileen KeaneÐ685 Bolls, WilliamÐ385 Brechbiel, Richard L.Ð369 Binns, MargaretÐ566 Bolton, HelenÐ445 Breedlove, James W.Ð669, 670 Birch, CrisÐ645 Bonachea, RolandoÐ684 Breen, BarryÐ506 Birch, Stanley F., Jr.Ð73 Bond, Daniel L.Ð518 Brennan, Hugh L.Ð144 Bird, Paul E.Ð627 Bondareff, Joan M.Ð408 Brennan, Paul L.Ð406 Bischoff, Donald C.Ð407 Bonkowski, CasimirÐ299 Brenner, EliotÐ404 Bishara, KamilÐ381 Bonn, Robert C., Jr.Ð192 Brenner, Robert D.Ð507 Bishop, Clarence T.Ð495 Bonner, MargaretÐ696 Bresee, ElisabethÐ438 Bishop-Smith, CaroleÐ482 Boor, LindaÐ408 Breslin, John R.Ð78 Biter, Richard M.Ð401 Booth, Gary O.Ð459 Breslin, Patricia P.Ð407 Bittner, MamieÐ602 Borchers, Robert R.Ð616 Bresnick, ArnoldÐ368 Bivins, Patricia T.Ð517 Bordogna, JosephÐ615, 616 Bretos, MiguelÐ716 Black, David L.Ð558 Borek, Ted A.Ð388 Breuer, LannyÐ93 Black, Douglas P.Ð268 Borland, DavidÐ194 Breyer, Stephen G.Ð67, 72 Black, George W., Jr.Ð622 Born, BrooksleyÐ493 Breznay, George B.Ð252 Black, Richard A.Ð236 Borras, RafaelÐ575 Brickhouse, Eugene A.Ð474 Black, Susan H.Ð73 Borrego, Espiridion A.Ð366 Bridges, Roy D.Ð583 Blackford, PeggyÐ395 Borrero, MariaÐ511 Bridgewater, James A.Ð527 Blackmon, R.R., Jr.Ð211 Borsi, Mark R.J.Ð582 Brigham, David A.Ð473 Blaha, James L.Ð626 Borson, TimÐ624 Bright, Donald W.Ð411 Blaine, R. WesÐ194 Borst, LindaÐ577 Brignull, BruceÐ567 Blair, DennisÐ173 Bosley, Dale E.Ð67 Brill, Kenneth C.Ð395 Blair, Thomas D.Ð716 Boswell, Eric JamesÐ388 Brineman, ElenaÐ696 Blake, Delores T.Ð484, 485 Boswell, MichaelÐ705 Brinton, HenryÐ581 Blanca, AntoineÐ744 Bothwell, James L.Ð46 Briscoe, Mary BeckÐ72 Blancett, Skip E.Ð403 Boucher, RichardÐ396 Bristow, William M., IIÐ266 Blanck, Ronald R.Ð195, 196 Boudin, MichaelÐ70 Britton, Leann G.Ð442 Blandford, Clyde B., Jr.Ð542 Boufford, Jo IveyÐ262 Broadaway, MargaretÐ599 Blanding, Willie L., Jr.Ð659 Bouis, ThomasÐ381 Broaddus, J. Alfred, Jr.Ð553 Blane, Dianne M.Ð696 Bouldin, ClaudetteÐ49 Broadway, F.M.Ð365 Blaney, Paul M.Ð403 Bounds, EdÐ382 Broce, Fred L.Ð527 Blansitt, Edward L., IIIÐ615 Bourdette, Mary M.Ð262 Brock, David A.Ð733 Blanton, E.B.Ð382 Bourget, Leonard R.Ð473 Brock, Robert W.Ð459 Blanton, JanÐ438 Bouwkamp, JoyceÐ83 Brock-Smith, CynthiaÐ635 Blatt, Edward J.Ð49 Bouxsein, PeterÐ267 Brockbank, DaleÐ386 Blaug, ElisabethÐ95 Bovenzi, John F.Ð530 Brockenborough, Bland T.Ð444 Blickstein, JillÐ99 Bovetti, KeithÐ158 Broderick, M.E.Ð211 Blinken, Alan J.Ð395 Bowden, Thomas G.Ð193 Brodsky, Lewis C.Ð659 Blinken, Donald M.Ð396 Bowen, Brent L.Ð552 Bromall, Irvin H.Ð648 824 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Bromberg, EmilyÐ92 Buhl, William C.Ð380 Campbell, Daniel D.Ð622 Bromme, Jeffrey S.Ð495 Buhre, Richard R.Ð226 Campbell, Daniel S.Ð685 Bromwich, MichaelÐ327 Bullard, C. AshleyÐ460 Campbell, Donald J.Ð583 Brooke, Nelson A.Ð459 Bullard, John K.Ð147 Campbell, GaryÐ484 Brookhart, D.I.Ð669 Bullock, JaneÐ534 Campbell, William H.Ð403 Brookhart, Larry L.Ð699 Bumgardner, Layne L.Ð600 Campbell, Willie GraceÐ491 Brooks, Joseph A.Ð401 Bunting, ValleeÐ535 Canales, ViolaÐ669, 670 Brooks, Sharon K.Ð408 Burchill, William R., Jr.Ð78 Canciello, VinceÐ445 Broome, Claire V.Ð265 Burge, H. DavidÐ474 Cane, Mark S.Ð613 Brophy, Susan A.Ð91 Burgess, RogerÐ460 Cannon, Jonathan Z.Ð506 Brorby, WadeÐ72 Burke, Brian E.Ð109 Canny, John N.Ð402 Broun, ElizabethÐ717 Burke, David W.Ð684 Canter, Howard R.Ð252 Brown, Aletha L.Ð512 Burke, Thomas R.Ð566 Canter, VirginiaÐ93 Brown, AllanÐ100 Burke, William C.Ð575 CantuÂ, Norma V.Ð243 Brown, AlvinÐ299 Burkett, JamesÐ482 Caplan, Phillip M.Ð91 Brown, AnnÐ495 Burleigh, A. PeterÐ396 Capolongo, MabelÐ378 Brown, Billy J.Ð459 Burlington, D. BruceÐ267 Caponiti, James E.Ð409 Brown, BobÐ102 Burnett, FredericaÐ402 Cappello, Thomas A.Ð485 Brown, BradÐ161 Burns, R. NicholasÐ389 Caputo, Guy P.Ð626 Brown, CarryeÐ535 Burns, William J.Ð388 Card, James C.Ð418 Brown, CaryÐ486 Burson, CharlesÐ94 Cardona, Maria T.Ð144 Brown, Cynthia W.Ð372 Burtner, Charles D.Ð517 Cardwell, Thomas A., IIIÐ192 Brown, HerbertÐ517 Burton, DanÐ597 Carey, FentonÐ410 Brown, Hugh M.Ð552 Burton, LavarneÐ262 Carey, John J.Ð147 Brown, James H.Ð616 Burton, Mack M.Ð183 Carey, PaulÐ93 Brown, James L.Ð453 Bush, David L.Ð385 Carey, PriscillaÐ110 Brown, JesseÐ470 Bushnell, PrudenceÐ396 Carle, Robin H.Ð25 Brown, June GibbsÐ263 Busick, Paul E.Ð403 Carleton, Norman K.Ð438 Brown, Kathryn C.Ð148 Butala, JayÐ486 Carley, Michael F.Ð548 Brown, KeithÐ696, 697 Butler, Dixon M.Ð581 Carlin, DaveÐ110 Brown, LauraÐ669 Butler, JaneÐ661 Carlin, John W.Ð588 Brown, Mark E.Ð144 Butler, JohnÐ599 Carlson, Bruce A.Ð184 Brown, MaryÐ193 Butler, Ruth A.Ð73 Carlson, Mary JoyceÐ607 Brown, Priscilla A.Ð597 Butler, Wilson A.Ð653 Carlson, RonaldÐ669 Brown, RichardÐ696 Buto, KathleenÐ267 Carlson, Ronald H.Ð268 Brown, RobertÐ140 Butterworth, Bruce R.Ð404 Carlton, Bruce J.Ð409 Brown, SherylÐ735 Butwin, MarthaÐ158 Carlton, Dennis P.Ð527 Brown, StuartÐ445 Butz, William P.Ð616 Carman, Nancy M.Ð699 Brown, Ted F.Ð445 Buzzi, Frank J.Ð649 Carmichael, AlanÐ674 Brown, Thomas W.Ð195 Byrd, Robert J.Ð266 Carmody, Timothy E.Ð410 Brown, WilliamÐ307 Byrne, Joseph A.Ð409 Carnahan, LarryÐ685 Brown, William A., IIIÐ193 Byrne, Larry E.Ð691 Carnell, Richard S.Ð438 Brown, William J.Ð705 Byrne, Leslie L.Ð263 Carner, GeorgeÐ696 Browne, Norman E.Ð484 Carnes, Edward E.Ð73 Browner, Carol M.Ð498, 505 C Carnes, John W.Ð409 Browning, DouglasÐ443 Carnes, Kelly H.Ð148 Browning, James R.Ð72 Cabot, EdwardÐ676 Carnevale, JohnÐ102 Browning, Miriam F.Ð194 Cabral, VictorÐ578 Carnevale, JosephÐ208 Browning, Stephen C.Ð144 Cabranes, Jose A.Ð70 Carney, Bernice J.Ð735 Brubaker, William W.Ð582 Cabrera, MeldaÐ159 Carney, Timothy M.Ð396 Bruce, AndrewÐ742 Cacheris, Elaine M.Ð658 Carozza, Shirley C.Ð473 Bruce, RobertÐ473 Cadle, ElizabethÐ516 Carpenter, MargaretÐ691 Bruneel, Thomas R.Ð408 Cahoon, L. ReynoldsÐ589 Carper, Thomas R.Ð613 Bruner, CherylÐ144 Calabresi, GuidoÐ70 Carr, Kevin M.Ð148 Bruner, LynnÐ517 Calahan, Richard B.Ð439 Carrier, Joyce H.Ð440 Brunetti, MelvinÐ72 Calatrello, FrederickÐ609 Carrillo, GilbertÐ542 Brunhart, Andrew D.Ð208 Calbert, RooseveltÐ617 Carrington, PatriciaÐ470 Bruno, George C.Ð395 Calder, PhilipÐ46 Carrington, Walter C.Ð396 Bruns, JamesÐ717 Caldwell, FrankÐ486 Carro, Richard S.Ð439 Bryan, James D.Ð194 Calhoun, G. ScottÐ442 Carroll, MaureenÐ643 Brynn, EdwardÐ395 Calhoun, JeromeÐ485 Carroll, PatriciaÐ410 Bryson, MelÐ79 Calhoun, N. AnthonyÐ645 Carroll, Thomas J.Ð445 Bryson, William C.Ð73 Calhoun-Senghor, KeithÐ148 Carroll, WilliamÐ580 Buchanan, C. RichardÐ471 Calkins, StephenÐ559 Carson, John T.Ð471 Buchanan, GeorgeÐ157 Callahan, John J.Ð262, 671 Carson, JohnnyÐ396 Buchanan, H. Lee, IIIÐ224 Callan, L. JosephÐ626 Carson, LindaÐ276 Buchholz, Douglas D.Ð173 Callaway, Michael R.Ð232 Carter, AbbyÐ669 Buck, Carolyn J.Ð447 Callear, Mildred O.Ð692 Carter, Cheryl M.Ð93 Buck, JoannÐ445 Calza, AnthonyÐ144 Carter, David W.Ð518 Buck, Kenneth J.Ð144 Camacho, RudyÐ455 Carter, Janice L.Ð564 Buckles, Bradley A.Ð442 Camdessus, MichelÐ740 Carter, Kent C.Ð592 Buckles, PatriciaÐ696 Cameron, Hugh C.Ð191 Carter, Michael C.Ð409 Buckley, JillÐ691 Cameron, RosalieÐ635 Carter, Roy L.Ð207 Budd, FredÐ194 Campbell, Arthur C.Ð109 Carter, Thomas B.Ð564 Budd, Wayne A.Ð83 Campbell, BonnieÐ327 Carter, WendyÐ473 Bueno, Irene B.Ð262 Campbell, BradÐ95 Cartwright, RonaldÐ243 Buffon, Kathleen V.Ð520 Campbell, BruceÐ535 Carver, H. AllenÐ600 NAME INDEX 825

Cary, George S.Ð559 Christensen, Thomas M.P.Ð409 Cohn, Anna R.Ð717 Cary, MargaretÐ273 Christian, James A.Ð485 Cohn, DebraÐ327 Casellas, Gilbert F.Ð511 Christiansen, Richard S.Ð582 Colantuoni, JosephÐ242 Casey, Gregory S.Ð25 Christie, Deborah P.Ð208 Colarusso, MichaelÐ458 Casey, M.W.Ð231 Christman, Daniel W.Ð203 Cole, ArthurÐ244 Casey, Mary AnnÐ396 Chubin, Daryl E.Ð617 Cole, Gary L.Ð486 Cashin, Joseph T.Ð229 Chun, Ki-TaekÐ682 Cole, Gerald M.Ð543 Cassell, JosephÐ408 Chupka, Marc W.Ð252 Cole, Ransey Guy, Jr.Ð71 Cassidy, EileenÐ662 Church, John D., Jr.Ð483 Coleman, CharlieÐ244 Cassidy, RobertÐ106 Church, Ralph E.Ð482, 484 Coleman, JohnÐ402 Cassidy, William J., Jr.Ð208 Churchill, NaomiÐ269 Coleman, Richard A., Jr.Ð185, 192 Cassman, MarvinÐ270 Churchill, Paul D.Ð158 Coleman, Rodney A.Ð183 Casson, M. LeslieÐ717 Cialbright, JohnÐ162 Coleman, William T., IIIÐ194 Casstevens, KayÐ243 Ciment, MelvynÐ616 Colgate, Stephen R.Ð327 Castagnetti, Gene E.Ð482 Cindrich, Joseph M.Ð427 Collier, James D.Ð581 Castillo, JacobÐ385 Cirbo, Leo E.Ð527 Collins, Brent R.Ð184 Castrey, Bonnie P.Ð542 Cirillo, Julie A.Ð423 Collins, Daniel W.Ð613 Castro, IdaÐ365 Cirrincione, RossÐ263 Collins, Dennis M.Ð183 Catlett, D. MarkÐ473 Ciszek, JohnÐ382 Collins, Francis S.Ð270 Catterson, Cathy A.Ð72 Clair, Edward P.Ð365 Collins, George J.Ð49 Cavanaugh, JamesÐ453 Clairmont, Dick L.Ð425 Collins, KeithÐ110 Cavazos, MiguelÐ669 Clampitt, SusanÐ601 Collins, Samuel J.Ð626 Cebrowski, A.K.Ð209 Clancy, Carolyn M.Ð265 Collins, Thomas H.Ð418 Cecil, Charles O.Ð396 Clark, Cynthia Z.F.Ð145 Collyer, StuartÐ484 Cederborg, BarbaraÐ716 Clark, Diane E.Ð444 Colmenares, MargaritaÐ242 Cehelsky, Marta C.Ð615 Clark, DonaldÐ696 Colonghi, John L.Ð717 Cerda, JoseÐ104 Clark, Donald P.Ð520 Colvin, Carolyn W.Ð671 Chace, JonathanÐ331 Clark, Donald S.Ð560 Colwell, Thelma C.Ð542 Chacon, Dolores L.Ð308 Clark, Jeremy C.Ð228 Combs, James R.Ð669 Chadwick, Byron R.Ð382 Clark, JohnÐ622 Commons, Gladys J.Ð208 Chaitovitz, Samuel A.Ð542 Clark, Kenneth J.Ð481 Conable, Barber B.Ð716 Chakiris, GeorgiaÐ427 Clark, Leroy D.Ð46 Conaboy, Richard P.Ð83 Chamberlin, John C.Ð506 Clark, Oliver E.Ð548 Conaty, JosephÐ243 Chamberlin, WendyÐ396 Clark, PatriciaÐ382 Connelly, R.J.Ð231 Chambers, Dorothy A.Ð401 Clark, RayÐ95 Connelly, Timothy G.Ð602 Chandler, George P., Jr.Ð670 Clark, Sophie A.Ð183 Conner, Roberta L.Ð670 Chang, DeborahÐ267 Clark, Willie L., Jr.Ð609 Conniff, Brian T.Ð685 Chapas, Dennis P.Ð78 Clarke, Alisone M.Ð558 Connor, C.D.Ð207 Chaplin, StephenÐ685 Clarke, Charles C.Ð511 Connor, Patricia S.Ð71 Chapman, RichardÐ403 Claussen, EileenÐ389 Connors, MichaelÐ367, 382 Charles, KeithÐ194 Claxton, GaryÐ263 Conques, TonyÐ242 Charlet, JimÐ158 Clay, Jimmie L.Ð480 Conroy, RyanÐ691 Charrow, Veda R.Ð558 Claypoole, Richard L.Ð589 Constantine, Thomas A.Ð328 Charter, Curtis A.Ð669 Clegg, Jackie M.Ð518 Constantinou, ClayÐ396 Chatterjee, Ella B.Ð578 Cleggett-Haleim, PaulaÐ582 Conte, William A.Ð483 Chavarry, Roberto G.Ð609 Clemens, Melvin F., Jr.Ð411 Conway, John T.Ð503 Chaveas, Peter R.Ð396 Clendenin, BarryÐ99 Cook, CarvinÐ367 Chavers, Kevin G.Ð300 Clevenger, Raymond C., IIIÐ73 Cook, Catherine C.Ð649 Chaves, Mary E.Ð440 Clift, A. DenisÐ237 Cook, Charles C., Sr.Ð50 Chavez, EdÐ446 Cline, Lynn F.H.Ð583 Cook, David L.Ð78 Chavez, Gilbert J.Ð331 Clinton, William J.Ð89, 96 Cook, Doyle L.Ð520 Chavez, NelbaÐ270 Clontz, Robert L.Ð472 Cook, Frances D.Ð396 Chen, SherwinÐ156 Cloutier, JohnÐ697 Cook, GaryÐ669 Cheney, David W.Ð252 Clune, Leslie L.Ð263 Cook, J.A.Ð209 Chern, BernardÐ616 Clutter, Mary E.Ð616 Cook, James D.Ð158 Cherniavsky, JohnÐ616 Clyde, Susan AnnÐ685 Cook, Michael B.Ð507 Cherrington, Stephen F.Ð602 Coale, W. Davis, Jr.Ð158 Cooke, D.O.Ð173 Cherry, C.T.Ð226 Cobert, John W.Ð717 Cooke, JacquelineÐ371 Chesemore, Ronald G.Ð266 Coburn, John G.Ð195 Cool, Donald A.Ð626 Chesser, Judy L.Ð671 Cocci, Erman J.Ð410 Cooley, ClaudiaÐ262 Cheston, Sheila C.Ð184 Cochran, ThadÐ716 Cooley, Thomas N.Ð615 Chien, Yi-TzuuÐ616 Coffey, John L.Ð71 Cooper, Benita A.Ð582 Chinni, BenjaminÐ372 Coffey, NancyÐ365 Cooper, Bradford E.Ð461 Chiodo, Donald A.Ð438 Cogswell, RonaldÐ99 Cooper, ElliottÐ669 Chiriboga, DouglasÐ696 Cohan, LawrenceÐ270 Cooper, Jerome G.Ð396 Chirwa, DawnÐ93 Cohen, Bonnie R.Ð308 Cooper, NormanÐ110 Chistolini, Paul E.Ð567 Cohen, Carolyn J.Ð308 Cooper-Smith, Jeffrey P.Ð44 Chong, Rachelle B.Ð523 Cohen, DavidÐ696 Copeland, RonaldÐ263 Chong, VernonÐ471 Cohen, Edward B.Ð307 Coppinger, PaulÐ266 Chorba, Timothy A.Ð396 Cohen, James A.Ð705 Copps, Michael J.Ð146 Chow, BarbaraÐ93 Cohen, Jay M.Ð207 Copson, Donna G.Ð367 Chow, Edward, Jr.Ð474 Cohen, MichaelÐ104 Corcoran, Karla WolfeÐ704 Christensen, CarlÐ669 Cohen, RobertÐ648 Cordes, John F.Ð625 Christensen, DonÐ662 Cohen, SteveÐ485 Corea, Alfred A.Ð162 Christensen, JamesÐ328 Cohen, Steven R.Ð635 Corell, Robert W.Ð616 Christensen, KarenÐ601 Cohen, Victor A.Ð520 Corey, BeverlyÐ267 Christensen, Michael D.Ð581 Cohen, William S.Ð96, 172, 498, 597 Corlett, Cleve E.Ð46 826 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Corley, WalterÐ443 Crews, T. MichaelÐ193 Daniels, LeGree S.Ð704 Cornelison, Joseph W.Ð641 Cribb, Troy H.Ð146 Daniels, Stephen M.Ð566 Cornelius, Catherine A.Ð93 Crider, Phillip R.Ð600 Daniels, Wilbur L.Ð401 Cornell, ThomasÐ696 Crist, Janet L.Ð102 Danilack, MichaelÐ445 Cornish, Helen K.Ð482 Cristofaro, James J.Ð668 Dann, James R.Ð401 Coronado, GilÐ659 Crocker, Chester A.Ð734 Dantone, J.J., Jr.Ð233 Coronado, Jose R.Ð486 Crocker, Ryan C.Ð396 Danvers, RebeccaÐ602 Corr, WilliamÐ262 Crockett, Delores L.Ð371 Danzig, RichardÐ207 Correll, David L.Ð717 Crosby, Karen H.Ð538 Darling, Ray H., Jr.Ð631 Corrigan, Dennis M.Ð327 Crosetti, Patricia A.Ð471 Darn, Nancy L.Ð482 Corrigan, Donald W.Ð148 Cross, Leonora S.Ð442 Darragh, SeanÐ106 Corrigan, JamesÐ268 Cross, Sarah A.Ð195 Daschle, Thomas A.Ð25 Corson, RichardÐ157 Cross, Stephen M.Ð442 Daughtrey, Martha CraigÐ71 Cortez, Miguel J., Jr.Ð73 Cross, Terry M.Ð418 Daum, Edward A.Ð669 Cortines, RayÐ243 Crouch, C. MillerÐ685 Davenjay, John H.Ð565 Cosgarea, Andrew, Jr.Ð446 Crouch, DougÐ445 Davenport, HeywardÐ159 Cosgriff, Kevin J.Ð207 Crouch, William W.Ð196 David, Irwin T.Ð110 Costa, Anthony E.Ð567 Crowe, John T.Ð195 Davidow, JeffreyÐ388 Costales, FedericoÐ516 Crowe, William J., Jr.Ð396 Davidson, Daniel J.Ð266 Costich, E. RandÐ648 Crowell, CravenÐ674 Davidson, Edward S.Ð543 Costiglio, Lawrence U.Ð538 Crowell, William P.Ð234 Davidson, MargaretÐ161 Cothen, Grady C.Ð406 Crowley, Brian P.Ð46 Davidson, William A.Ð184 Cotter, B. Paul, Jr.Ð626 Crowley, ChristopherÐ696 Davies, Glyn T.Ð96 Cotter, Michael W.Ð396 Cruse, James C.Ð518 Davies, Tudor T.Ð507 Cottle, Lisa S.Ð511 Csizmadia, DenisÐ158 Davis, Constance D.Ð682 Cotton, F. AlbertÐ615 Cuevas, Rosendo A. (Alex)Ð386 Davis, Deidre A.Ð388 Coughlin, Michael S.Ð704, 705 Culberson, RebeccaÐ99 Davis, Eugene J.Ð237 Courlander, MichaelÐ83 Cullen, Sheila M.Ð480 Davis, F. GaryÐ633 Courtney, Patrick K.Ð480 Cummings, Gregory D.Ð78 Davis, Frank L.Ð300 Courtney, William H.Ð395 Cummings, Joan E.Ð471 Davis, Gary K.Ð161 Covaleski, JackÐ634 Cummings, Walter J.Ð71 Davis, GlennÐ669 Covington, LawrenceÐ404 Cummins, FrankÐ684 Davis, LaMont P.Ð386 Cowan, JonathanÐ299 Cunningham, George W.Ð503 Davis, LannyÐ93 Cowart, MarthenaÐ684 Cunningham, James S.Ð682 Davis, Lynn E.Ð388 Cowen, Robert E.Ð70 Cunninghame, Donna H.Ð499 Davis, Marilynn A.Ð299 Cowhey, PeterÐ523 Cuomo, Andrew M.Ð299, 498, 538 Davis, Michael L.Ð193 Cowings, John S.Ð239 Curiel, CarolynÐ93 Davis, SidneyÐ684 Cowles, Ronald E.Ð474 Curl, WesleyÐ365 Davis, Thurman M.Ð565 Cox, Carl E.Ð145 Curley, Deirdre E.Ð676 Davis, W. EugeneÐ71 Cox, CourtlandÐ144 Curtin, Gary L.Ð232 Davis, WilliamÐ157 Cox, Edwin L.Ð53 Curtis, James M.Ð461 Dawson, DiannÐ265 Cox, Emmett RipleyÐ73 Cushing, David M.Ð583 Dawson-Carr, MarionÐ491 Cox, FrankÐ670 Cushing, MichaelÐ635 Day, Douglas K.Ð144 Cox, JamesÐ158 Cusick, John J.Ð173 Day, Garrett J.Ð565 Cox, Mark D.Ð459, 460 Cuthbert, Thomas R.Ð194 Day, JesseÐ378 Cox, Robert G.Ð50 Cutler, LynnÐ92 Day, Marilyn W.Ð459 Cox, ThomasÐ158 Cutler, WendyÐ107 De Carolis, Louis R.Ð427 Coy, Robert E.Ð470 Cyr, AnnÐ367 De Graaf, Adriaan M.Ð615 Coyle, Philip E., IIIÐ173 Cyr, Frank P., Jr.Ð192 de la Menardiere, RichardÐ162 Coyne, Brian D.Ð671 Cyr, Karen D.Ð625 De La Torre, DonnaÐ455 Coyne, Joseph R.Ð552, 553 Czekalski, LoniÐ405 de Leon, Rudy F.Ð183 Coyner, Kelley S.Ð410 de Leon, Sylvia A.Ð613 Cozzens, Margaret B.Ð617 D De Meo, Lawrence, Jr.Ð473 Cozzens, Susan E.Ð615 de Vos, Peter J.Ð395 Crable, Stephen E.Ð611 D'Amico, Louis J.Ð609 Deal, Larry R.Ð471, 481 Craig, Charles W.Ð527 D'Amours, Norman E.Ð599 Dean, Edwin R.Ð368 Craig, Constance E.Ð444 d'Harnoncourt, AnneÐ716 Dean, JamesÐ567 Craig, Marcia HallÐ516 Dabbs, JereÐ157 DeBroekert, Raymond J.Ð461 Craighead, KellyÐ92 Dadd, BenÐ446 DeBuck, Dean J.Ð442 Crain, OletaÐ371 Daddio, William F.Ð446 DeCarli, Raymond J.Ð401 Cramer, M.W.Ð209, 210 Dade, Elaine P.Ð565 DeCaro, JamesÐ249 Crandall, LarryÐ696 Daffron, John F., Jr.Ð733 DeCell, Hal C., IIIÐ299 Crane, Mary Lou K.Ð305 Daige, Stephen L.Ð459, 460 Decker, Hoyte B., Jr.Ð402 Crary, AlexanderÐ601 Dailey, J.R.Ð580 Decker, M.H.Ð211 Craun, JamesÐ402 Dailey, James A.Ð527 DeConcini, DinoÐ447 Crawford, Carol T.Ð699 Dakan, RobertÐ696 DeCoste, Charles R.Ð472 Crawford, Jackie R.Ð184, 191 Dake, T.R.Ð211 DeDeo, CarolÐ365 Crawford, Lonnie L., Jr.Ð580 Daley, William M.Ð143, 645 Deer, Ada E.Ð307 Crawford, R. VincentÐ486 Dalton, John H.Ð207 Dega, Thomas H.Ð446 Crawford, ToddÐ440 Dalton, Kenneth V.Ð368 DeGaetano, DennisÐ405 Creagan, James F.Ð396 Dalton, PatriciaÐ365 DeGasta, Gary M.Ð487 Crean, Thomas M.Ð236 Dame, PhilÐ99 Degenhardt, Harold F.Ð657 Creedon, Jeremiah F.Ð583 Dammon, Ronald J.Ð649 DeGeorge, FrankÐ143 Creel, Harold J., Jr.Ð545 Damus, RobertÐ99 DeGeorge-Smith, EllenÐ482 Crenshaw, L.W.Ð207 Danart, ArthurÐ696 DeGrasse, Robert W., Jr.Ð252 Crenshaw, Margaret P.Ð648 Danello, Mary AnnÐ496 DeHart, Clyde M.Ð420 Crew, SpencerÐ717 Daniel, MauriceÐ94 Deich, MichaelÐ99 NAME INDEX 827

Del Balzo, GailÐ60 Dix, DexterÐ481 Druyun, Darlene A.Ð184 del Junco, TirsoÐ704 Dix, Mary EllenÐ242 Druzgal, ThomasÐ195 Delaney, Thomas K.Ð366 Dix, PamÐ472 Dube, RoyÐ157 Deleon, RafaelÐ505 Dixon, ArringtonÐ597 DuBester, Ernest W.Ð611 Delgado, Jim W.Ð472 Dixon, GeorgeÐ516 Dubia, John A.Ð195 Deliberti, FrankÐ145 Dixon, TravisÐ385 Dubina, Joel F.Ð73 Dellinger, Walter E.Ð327 Dixson, H.L.Ð211 Dubray, Joseph J., Jr.Ð379 Delmage, MaryÐ156, 157 Dobrzykowski, WilliamÐ300 Duda, Robert J.Ð649 Delpercio, Michael, Jr.Ð409 Doctor, BobbyÐ682 Dudley, James W.Ð487 DeLuca, Anthony J.Ð183 Dodaro, Gene L.Ð46 Duff, PatriciaÐ53 DeMesme, Ruby B.Ð183 Dodaro, Joan M.Ð46 Duffey, Joseph D.Ð684, 685 DeMeter, KathleenÐ407 Dodd, Peggy J.Ð263 Duffy, DennisÐ474 Demetrion, James T.Ð717 Dodd, Thomas J.Ð396 Dufour, SharonÐ484 Demitros, Donald C.Ð529 Dodds, EricÐ565 Dugan, J.M.Ð597 Demlo, LindaÐ265 Dodson, Patricia F.Ð229 DuHart, Karen J.Ð485 Demoss, Harold R., Jr.Ð71 Doering, ZahavaÐ717 Duhe, John M., Jr.Ð71 DeNardo, John J.Ð482 Doery, RichardÐ439 Duke, Elaine C.Ð406 Denenberg, Tia SchneiderÐ542 Doggett, Leslie R.Ð146 Dulaney, TimothyÐ440 Denett, Paul A.Ð308 Doheny, Michael W.Ð543 Dulles, John FosterÐ682 DeNiro, James C.Ð480 Doherty, Daniel A.Ð195 Dumaresq, ThomasÐ661 Dennin, L.F., IIÐ424 Doherty, DeborahÐ158 Dumont, Cedric E.Ð388 Dennis, Beverly, IIIÐ263 Doherty, LindaÐ207 Dunbar, SandraÐ609 Dennis, James L.Ð71 Doherty, Thomas C.Ð481 Duncan, CharlesÐ93 Dennis, Robert A.Ð60 Dohner, Robert S.Ð440 Dunfey, Robert J., Jr.Ð575 Denniston, Scott F.Ð470 Dola, StevenÐ193 Dunn, JohnÐ385 Denny, Arthur LeeÐ716 Dolan, George B.Ð157 Dunn, JudyÐ445 Denny, DavidÐ676 Dolan, Kay FrancesÐ404 Dunn, MichaelÐ110, 609 Denton, MichelleÐ95 Dolan, Michael P.Ð445 Dunn, PrestonÐ183 Depenbrock, John F.Ð365 Dole, Randall M.Ð162 Dunn, RodneyÐ486 Derby, AdeleÐ408 Dollarhide, CeliaÐ473 Dunn, Sadye E.Ð495 DeSalme, J., Jr.Ð209 Dombeck, MikeÐ109 Dunning, Daniel D.Ð685 DeSanti, Susan S.Ð560 Dombrowski, Bruce A.Ð545 Dupcak, EdwardÐ599 DeSeve, EdwardÐ99 Dominguez, Marie TereseÐ93 Duquette, Dennis J.Ð264 Deshpande, VijayÐ530 Dominguez, OlgaÐ582 Durand, Anna L.Ð263 Dessy, Blane K.Ð243 Dominic, R.J.Ð162 Durante, Blaise J.Ð184 Deters, Larry E.Ð471, 486 Donahoe, Gerald F.Ð145 Durham, Archer L.Ð252 Devaney, Earl E.Ð506 Donahoe, James B.Ð474 Durham, BillÐ669 Devansky, Gary W.Ð485 Donahue, JamesÐ653 Durocher, Mark P.Ð473 Devenney, LucyÐ481 Donahue, William J.Ð185, 192 DuSault, PhilipÐ99 Devey, Gilbert B.Ð405 Donelan, Clare R.Ð402 DuVal, FredÐ92 DeVillars, John P.Ð511 Donelson, JimÐ445, 446 Dworin, LowellÐ441 DeVries, DaleÐ461 Donnellan, John, Jr.Ð485 Dwoskin, DorothyÐ106 Dewhurst, Stephen B.Ð110 Donnelly, Brian J.Ð396 Dwyer, John C.Ð327 Dhillon, GunditÐ455 Donnelly, GeraldineÐ696 Dyer, John R.Ð671 Dial, Joseph B.Ð493 Donnelly, Richard P.Ð613 Dyhrkopp, Einar V.Ð704 Diaz, A., Jr.Ð211 Donohue, George L.Ð405 Dyke, JacquieÐ299 Diaz, Angela PhillipsÐ105 Donovan, Paul M.Ð143 Diaz, Nils J.Ð625 Dooher, John C.Ð444 E Diaz-Soltero, HildaÐ161 Doon, DavidÐ527 DiBattiste, CarolÐ328 Dopps, DonÐ382 Eaglin, James B.Ð82 Dibrell, Charles F.Ð191 Doran, Hugh F.Ð484 Earle, Ralph, IIÐ679, 735 Dickey, EdÐ601 Dorfman, CynthiaÐ243 Earle, William T.Ð442 Dickey, J.W.Ð674 Dorn, EdwinÐ173 Early, William B., Jr.Ð566 Dickman, Martin J.Ð649 Dornbush, K. TerryÐ396 Eastburn, GordonÐ438 Dickson-Horton, ValerieÐ696 Dorskind, James A.Ð92 Easterbrook, Frank H.Ð71 Dicus, Greta JoyÐ625 Dortch, Carol A.Ð575 Easton, Mark E.Ð208 Dieguez, AntonioÐ684 Dougherty, Cynthia C.Ð507 Eates, Antoinette M.Ð511 Diehl, Philip N.Ð446 Douglass, John W.Ð208 Eaton, Gordon P.Ð307 Dietrich, Deborah Y.Ð508 Douglass, TimÐ209 Ebel, David M.Ð72 DiGiacobbe, MarilynÐ93 Dowd, Timothy K.Ð207 Ebersold, William B.Ð409 DiGialleonardo, FrankÐ162 Dowell, Tommy W.Ð669 Eccard, Walter T.Ð446 Dill, MaryÐ480 Dowley, JenniferÐ601 Echaveste, MariaÐ90 Dillon, MaryÐ679 Dowling, Shelley L.Ð67 Echols, RobertÐ715 DiMario, Michael F.Ð49 Dowling, William J.Ð705 Eckert, Sue E.Ð145 Dimmick, David G.Ð484 Downey, John F.Ð447 Edgar, William O.Ð481 Dine, Thomas A.Ð691 Downey, Mortimer L.Ð401 Edick, Thomas O.Ð406 Dingwald, IanÐ367 Downs, Frederick, Jr.Ð471 Edmonds, Albert J.Ð227 DiNunno, Joseph J.Ð503 Downs, Thomas M.Ð613 Edmonds, James TerryÐ91 Dinwiddie, CarlÐ624 Doyle, MichelleÐ242 Edmondson, J.L.Ð73 Dippo, Cathryn S.Ð368 Doyle, Patricia SolisÐ92 Edwards, Anne M.Ð92 DiResta, Anthony E.Ð564 Doyle, RobertÐ367 Edwards, ClarenceÐ567 DiRicco, DonnaÐ601 Dozier, Frank S.Ð79 Edwards, Harry T.Ð70 Dirren, F.M.Ð210 Drake, FrankÐ487 Edwards, James L.Ð616 Dishner, Jimmy G.Ð183 Drane, Marsha J.Ð516 Edwards, June W.Ð581 DiSimone, BrunoÐ382 Drayton, FrederickÐ366 Edwards, Larry W.Ð520 Ditmeyer, Steven R.Ð407 Droitsch, Roland G.Ð366 Edwards, LynnÐ140 Divelbiss, LindaÐ407 Droske, Richard S.Ð484 Edwards, Steven M.Ð592 828 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Edwards, William E.Ð192 Farland, William H.Ð508 Fischer, Dennis J.Ð566 Egan, GregoryÐ378 Farmer, Barbara AnnÐ366 Fishel, Andrew S.Ð523 Egan, Nora E.Ð474 Farnsworth, Clyde H., Jr.Ð552 Fisher, Barbara L.Ð539 Egan, Wesley W.Ð396 Farquhar, MicheleÐ523 Fisher, Mary AnnÐ480 Eggenberger, A.J.Ð503 Farr, GeorgeÐ602 Fisher, Montgomery K.Ð615 Eggers, HarmonÐ566 Farrell, Joseph T.Ð545 Fisher, Patrick J.Ð72 Ehler, Charles N.Ð161 Farrell, Lawrence P., Jr.Ð185 Fisher, Peter R.Ð553 Ehrenfeld, ElveraÐ269 Farrell, LisaÐ679 Fisher, Stanley M.Ð542 Ehrlich, Harriet J.Ð516 Farsetta, James J.Ð471, 484 Fisher, WilliamÐ662 Ehrlich, ThomasÐ498 Fatz, Raymond J.Ð193 Fishman, Paul J.Ð327 Eichenberger, JosephÐ440 Fauci, Anthony S.Ð269 Fites, JeanneÐ173 Eisenberg, John M.Ð265 Fears, John R.Ð480 Fithian, Floyd J.Ð520 Eisendrath, Edwin W.Ð305 Feaster, H. Walker, IIIÐ523 Fitzgerald, A. ErnestÐ184 Eisenman, RossÐ78 Featherstone, LynnÐ699 FitzGerald, Denis J.Ð470 Eisenstein, Robert A.Ð615 Feder, David L.Ð542 Fitzgerald, Edmond J.Ð409 Eisner, Neil R.Ð402 Federhofer, WilliamÐ669 Fitzgerald, J.R.Ð210 Eizenstat, StuartÐ146 Fee, GarnetÐ455 Fitzgerald, JamesÐ208, 480 Elcano, Mary S.Ð705 Feeney, Richard J.Ð518 Fitzmaurice, J. MichaelÐ265 Eller, Gerald L.Ð405 Feigenbaum, Edward A.Ð185 Fitzpatrick, Collins T.Ð71 Eller, Sharon D.Ð307 Feigley, J.M.Ð209 Fitzsimmons, Richard S.Ð411 Ellingstad, VernonÐ622 Feinstein, Fred L.Ð607 Flamm, Douglas M.Ð242 Elliott, Lee AnnÐ533 Feit, GaryÐ566 Flanagan, Vincent F.Ð70 Ellis, J.O., Jr.Ð209 Felder, Richard B.Ð410 Flanagan, W.J., Jr.Ð210 Ellis, RexÐ717 Feldman, Allen H.Ð366 Flanders, StevenÐ70 Elson, Edward E.Ð395 Feldman, Arlene B.Ð420 Flaum, Joel M.Ð71 Elwood, PatriciaÐ597 Feldman, EricÐ381 Fleischman, Joyce N.Ð110, 401 Elzy, NadineÐ447 Felix, Jeanne S.Ð518 Fleischut, Gerald P.Ð609 Emanuel, Rahm I.Ð91 Felkner, MarilynÐ382 Fleming, Anthony A.Ð441 Emery, DickÐ99 Felts, J. PateÐ106 Fleming, ScottÐ243 Endres, ThomasÐ498 Fennell, Richard D.Ð79 Flesh, LawrenceÐ484 Engen, Donald D.Ð717 Fenner, RobertÐ599 Fletcher, Betty B.Ð72 Engen, GunnanÐ384 Fenstermacher, JeffÐ616 Flihan, PeterÐ668 English, Edward R.Ð407 Fenton, Carol A.Ð410 Flom, Joseph H.Ð718 Enright, TomÐ427 Ferguson, Bobby V.Ð649 Flores, Francisco J.Ð516 Epley, Robert J.Ð484 Ferguson, DavidÐ184 Flynn, Cathal L.Ð404 Epps, Sandra D.Ð484 Ferguson, Ralph W.Ð408, 409 Flynn, John B.Ð696 Erb, Karl A.Ð615 Ferguson, Thomas A.Ð444 Flynn, Raymond L.Ð396 Erdreich, Benjamin L.Ð578 Ferguson, WilliamÐ648 Flynn, William E., IIIÐ635 Erichsen, Peter C.Ð93 Fern, Alan M.Ð717 Flyzik, James J.Ð441 Erickson, Gary M.Ð191 Fernandes, Jane K.Ð248 Fogel, Richard L.Ð46 Erickson, James B.Ð404 Fernandez, Ferdinand F.Ð72 Fogleman, Ronald R.Ð173, 184 Ertel, Ruth RobinsonÐ639 Ferrara, Anthony J.Ð384 Fogleman, Stephan W.Ð581 Ertwine, Dean R.Ð194 Ferrare, Kathryn C.Ð582 Foglia, JosephÐ669 Ervin, Christine A.Ð252 Ferrell, DarrylÐ485 Fois, AndrewÐ327 Ervin, Sam J., IIIÐ71 Ferren, LindaÐ70 Foley, Gary J.Ð508 Escaler, Narcisa L.Ð742 Ferrer, Wilfredo A.Ð327 Foley, PhyllisÐ635 Escudero, Stanley T.Ð396 Ferris, Michael P.Ð409 Foley, Robert T.Ð196 Espinosa, SidneyÐ327 Ferris, RichardÐ635 Foley, Thomas S.Ð53 Esquivel, PedroÐ517 Fesak, George M., Jr.Ð369 Footlik, JayÐ93 Esserman, SusanÐ106 Feussner, John R.Ð472 Forbes, David P.Ð581 Estes, Howell M., IIIÐ188 Fiala, GerriÐ366 Forbes, JeffreyÐ93 Estess, Roy S.Ð584 Ficca, Stephen A.Ð269 Ford, Dietra L.Ð565 Etters, Ronald M.Ð611 Fidler, Shelley N.Ð95 Ford, James DavidÐ25 Ettin, Edward C.Ð552 Fielding, EliotÐ445 Ford, William R.Ð491 Evanich, Peggy L.Ð582 Fields, EvelynÐ162 Ford-Roegner, PatriciaÐ273 Evans, George A.Ð577 Fields, George C.Ð402 Forgione, Pascal D., Jr.Ð243 Evans, George V., Jr.Ð597 Fields, LoisÐ455 Forsing, John T.Ð160 Evans, Lorelei S.Ð410 Fields, NathanielÐ491 Forst, AlanÐ578 Evans, RobertÐ486 Fields, Timothy, Jr.Ð507 Forsythe, Conrad O.Ð583 Evans, Terence T.Ð72 Fiely, LisaÐ445 Fortenberry, Norman L.Ð617 Evans, Williard B.Ð265 Fiers, HazelÐ244 Fortner, RogerÐ157 Ezerski, Beatrice E.Ð650 Fillman, William D., Jr.Ð483 Fortney, Jaylynn K.Ð372 Finch, Johnny C.Ð46 Fortuno, Victor M.Ð715 F Finch, L.Ð173 Forward, SusanÐ299 Finch, TomÐ243 Foss, ArdelleÐ717 Fagan, ThomasÐ244 Fincman, RonÐ601 Foss, Stuart M.Ð49 Fagg, George G.Ð72 Fine, BruceÐ406 Foster, DorothyÐ599 Fainberg, AnthonyÐ404 Fine, NealÐ49 Foster, RichardÐ267 Fairley, PaulÐ243 Fineman, S. DavidÐ704 Fouke, Janie M.Ð616 Falast, Earl F.Ð485 Fink, Thomas A.Ð558 Fowler, AndreaÐ601 Faley, Patricia A.Ð263 Finkel, AdamÐ367 Fowler, William E., Jr.Ð622 Falkner, JulieÐ307 Finley, JulieÐ53 Fowler, Wyche, Jr.Ð396 Fall, James H., IIIÐ440 Finley, M.E.Ð231 Fox, Claude E.Ð262, 268 Fallin, Allen P.Ð506 Finn, M.P.Ð210 Fox, Jeanne M.Ð511 Fallon, Julie P.Ð538 Finnerty, LynneÐ110 Fox, Richard C.Ð442 Farbman, MichaelÐ696 Fiore, Richard J.Ð372 Fox, Sarah M.Ð607 Fargo, T.B.Ð210 Fisch, Joseph E.Ð365 Fox, Susan E.Ð211 NAME INDEX 829

Frame, Bruce C.Ð408 Gaither, JolindaÐ262 Geisel, Harold W.Ð395, 396 Frame, Nancy D.Ð676 Galante, Anthony J.Ð626 Geiss, DavidÐ542 Francis, Robert T., IIÐ621 Galbraith, Peter W.Ð395 Geithner, TimothyÐ440 Franco, Adolfo A.Ð577 Galey, William TedÐ485 Gelacak, Michael S.Ð83 Frank, DavidÐ242 Galindo, MariaÐ157, 158 Gelbard, Robert S.Ð389 Frankel, Diane B.Ð602 Galis, Paul L.Ð404 Geller, JackÐ382 Frankel, Jeffrey A.Ð94 Gall, Mary SheilaÐ495 Gellman, David L.Ð78 Frankle, Edward A.Ð581 Gallagher, ChristopherÐ498 Gendell, David S.Ð423 Franklin, Barbara B.Ð542 Gallay, Joel S.Ð565 Gentling, Steve J.Ð485 Franklin, JerryÐ410 Galligan, HughÐ276 Gentry, PamelaÐ267 Franklin, LeoÐ650 Gallin, John I.Ð269 George, Gerald W.Ð589 Franson, William C.Ð382 Gallo, GilbertÐ484 George, Robert P.Ð681 Fraser, IreneÐ265 Gallogly, JamesÐ669 Gerace, Carmine P.Ð409 Fraser, John R.Ð367 Galpin, Robert A.Ð144 Geraths, Nathan L.Ð487 Frass, CharlotteÐ243 Galvin, John M.Ð368 Gerber, CarlÐ486 Frazier, Johnnie E.Ð143 Galyean, Pamela E.Ð470 Gerchick, Mark L.Ð402 Frazier, Marvin C.Ð517 Gamache, EdwardÐ483 Gerley, SandraÐ158 Frazier, Robert E.Ð552 Gans, Michael EllisÐ72 Gerratt, Bradley S.Ð591 Fread, Danny L.Ð160 Gantt, Harvey B.Ð597 Gersic, John J.Ð699 Frechette, Myles R.R.Ð395 Ganz, DavidÐ378 Gerstner, Louis V., Jr.Ð716 Frederick, K.F.Ð210 Garamendi, John R.Ð307 Gevirtz, Don L.Ð395, 396 Fredericks, Barbara S.Ð143 Garamendi, PatriciaÐ643 Ghiorsi, FrankÐ624 Fredericks, K.L.Ð157 Garaufis, NicholasÐ404 Giacomelli, GiorgioÐ744 Freedman, ThomasÐ93, 104 Garcia, DavidÐ482 Giannasi, Robert A.Ð607 Freeh, Louis J.Ð328 Garcia, FrancesÐ46 Gianni, Gaston L., Jr.Ð530 Freeman, CharlesÐ486 Garcia, MarkÐ624 Giattina, JamesÐ506 Freeman, DaneÐ484 Garcia, T.J.Ð441 Gibbons, David D.Ð443 Freeman, Darlene M.Ð404 Garcia, Terry D.Ð147 Gibbons, John H.Ð105 Freimuth, VickiÐ265, 266 Garczynski, LindaÐ507 Gibert, Patricia M.Ð705 French, Judson C.Ð148 Gardett, P. CampbellÐ263 Gibert, Paul C., Jr.Ð471 Frey, HenryÐ161 Gardiner, DavidÐ506 Gibson, Davey L.Ð305 Fri, Robert W.Ð717 Gardner, Guy S.Ð404 Gibson, Gayle A.Ð386 Frick, R.E.Ð209 Gardner, Jonathan H.Ð480 Gibson, Marian P.Ð649 Friday, Elbert W., Jr.Ð147, 160 Gardner, Leland L.Ð411 Gibson, VentrisÐ473 Fried, Arthur J.Ð671 Gardner, Patricia R.Ð49 Gideon, Francis, Jr.Ð185, 192 Friedman, Michael A.Ð266 Gardner, Richard N.Ð396 Gigante, CorradoÐ517 Fries, KennethÐ676 Gardner, Robert W.Ð473 Gilbert, PamelaÐ495 Frist, WilliamÐ716 Garfinkel, StevenÐ589 Gillers, William H.Ð441 Fritts, Janice E.Ð578 Garfunkel, Sanford M.Ð481 Gillespie, H. AldridgeÐ410 Fritzman, Eva JaneÐ684 Garland, Merrick B.Ð327 Gillespie, Jacob P.Ð685 Froechlich, MaryannÐ506 Garmon, Steven E.Ð144 Gillespie, Thomas J., Jr.Ð613 Froman, MichaelÐ438 Garms, DavidÐ697 Gilligan, John M.Ð184 Frost, S. DavidÐ552 Garner, Jay M.Ð195 Gilligan, Peggy M.Ð404 Fruchter, Susan B.Ð147 Garner, Richard L.Ð453 Gilliland, JamesÐ110 Frye, Robert E.Ð495 Garofolo, LeonardÐ378 Gillingham, Robert F.Ð439 Fuentes, EdwardÐ243 Garretson, Jeremiah F.Ð194 Gillis, CharlesÐ669 Fuerth, Leon S.Ð94 Garrison, David F.Ð263 Gillum, Gary P.Ð553 Fujii, SharonÐ276 Garsson, Robert M., Jr.Ð530 Gilman, John L.Ð670 Fulbruge, Charles R., IIIÐ71 Garst, Ronald D.Ð237 Gilman, Stuart C.Ð634 Fuller, Glenn C.Ð583 Garthwaite, ThomasÐ470 Gilson, Sherry D.Ð409 Fuller, Patricia B.Ð516 Gartland, Patrick J.Ð473 Gingrich, NewtÐ25 Fulton, KimÐ385 Garvey, Jane F.Ð405 Ginman, RichardÐ209 Fulton, Philip N.Ð410 Garvey, Raymond J.Ð49 Ginnetti, Neil R.Ð193 Fulton, Robert BarryÐ685 Garvin, Ronald H.Ð470 Ginsberg, Marc C.Ð396 Fulton, ScottÐ506 Garwood, Griffith L.Ð552 Ginsburg, Alan L.Ð242 Fultz, Keith O.Ð46 Garza, Carlos R.Ð733 Ginsburg, Douglas H.Ð70 Fulwider, William E.Ð447 Garza, Emilio M.Ð71 Ginsburg, Ruth BaderÐ67, 70 Funches, Jessie L.Ð626 Gasserud, JanÐ440 Gips, DonaldÐ94 Furey, Frank J.Ð242 Gaston, Charles J.Ð669 Glaser, Gerard R.Ð617 Furia, KarenÐ371 Gaston, Marilyn H.Ð268 Glaser, Howard B.Ð299 Furman, Lynn L.Ð635 Gati, Toby TristerÐ389, 735 Glaser, Ronald A.Ð441 Fygi, Eric J.Ð252 Gaudin, Carol A.Ð379 Glassman, StuartÐ382 Gauldin, MichaelÐ307 Glauthier, T.J.Ð99 G Gaviria, CeÂsarÐ743 Gleasman, Chris JohnÐ382 Gayle, HeleneÐ266 Gleason, Jack A.Ð148 Gabel, Roberta D.Ð401 Gaylord, Charles A.Ð266 Gleichman, Norman M.Ð549 Gabriel, CliffordÐ105 Gaylord, Clarice E.Ð506 Gleiman, Edward J.Ð648 Gabriel, M. ChristinaÐ616 Gaylord, Robert E.Ð195 Glenn, DellaÐ676 Gabris, Edward A.Ð581 Gearan, Mark D.Ð498, 643 Glenn, PatriciaÐ331 Gaffney, Paul G., IIÐ209, 210 Gebbie, Katherine B.Ð148 Glickman, DanÐ109, 498 Gaffney, Susan M.Ð300 Gebhart, Ronald J.Ð471 Glover, Jere W.Ð661 Gaillard, BernardÐ402 Gee, Dolly M.Ð542 Glynn, MarilynÐ634 Gaillard, Mary K.Ð615 Gee, King W.Ð405 Gnehm, Edward, Jr.Ð389 Gainer, William J.Ð631 Geer, Dennis F.Ð529 Gober, HershelÐ470 Gaines, Michael J.Ð83, 328 Gehman, H.W., Jr.Ð209 Goddie, Robert A.Ð384 Gaines, Robert A.Ð597 Geier, Paul M.Ð401 Godley, Patricia FryÐ252 Gainey, Barbara T.Ð607 Geiger, ThomasÐ696 Goelz, PeterÐ622 830 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Goerl, VincetteÐ443 Gray, Walter A.Ð486 H Goetz, Jeffrey T.Ð473 Graykowski, John E.Ð408 Goff, James A.Ð481 Greaux, Robert B.Ð367 Haas, LarryÐ99 Goffney, Lawrence J., Jr.Ð148 Green, DanaleeÐ582 Haase, HeleneÐ379 Goglia, John J.Ð622 Green, Ernest G.Ð491 Hack, Ronald P.Ð144 Goines, SandiÐ265 Green, LeonardÐ71 Hackman, Larry J.Ð591 Gold, MartinÐ669 Green, Lorraine A.Ð613 Hackney, JamesÐ407 Goldberg, AdamÐ93 Green, ParniceÐ143 Hackney, SheldonÐ602 Goldberg, Donald F.Ð93 Greenbaugh, JohnÐ194 Haddock, JosephÐ209 Goldberg, GilbertÐ669 Greenberg, Frances T.Ð401 Hadeen, Kenneth D.Ð161 Goldberg, Lawrence S.Ð616 Greenberg, Morton I.Ð70 Hadfield, Thomas P.Ð516 Golden, MyronÐ696 Greenberg, RonaldÐ696 Haffner, Marlene E.Ð267 Golden, Olivia A.Ð264 Greenberg, Sanford D.Ð615 Hagans, Bennie L.Ð645 Golden, Samuel P.Ð443 Greene, Allison E.Ð273 Hagedorn, Jim L.Ð444 Goldfarb, Oscar A.Ð184 Greene, Elizabeth B.Ð25 Hagemeyer, Richard H.Ð160 Goldin, Daniel S.Ð580 Greene, Janet L.Ð648 Haggerty, BertÐ668 Goldman, Lynn R.Ð507 Greene, Richard L.Ð388 Haglund, R.B.Ð231 Goldschmidt, JohnÐ472 Haikes, Edward A., Jr.Ð682 Greenfield, Michael A.Ð582 Goldsmith, MichaelÐ83 Hakes, Jay E.Ð252 Greenfield, Richard S.Ð616 Goldstone, DonaldÐ270 Hakola, DavidÐ242 Greenlees, John S.Ð368 Golightly, Steven J.Ð276 Hale, David M.Ð388 Gomez, GloriaÐ481 Greenspan, AlanÐ552, 553 Hale, Robert F.Ð183, 191 Gomez, Vernon R.Ð369 Greenwood, M.R.C.Ð615 Haley, EarlÐ516 Gomperts, John S.Ð498 Greeves, John T.Ð626 Haley, George W.Ð648 Gonzales, ClaireÐ512 Gregg, Richard L.Ð446 Haley, Maria L.Ð518 Gonzalez, EduardoÐ328 Gregory, Ernest J.Ð193 Haley, Michael T.Ð406 Gonzalez, JustoÐ659 Gregory, Frederick D.Ð582 Hall, AdeleÐ53 Goode, Harold M.Ð472 Gregory, LindaÐ696 Hall, Betty J.Ð365 Goode, WilsonÐ242 Gregson, W.C., Jr.Ð211 Hall, Cynthia HolcombÐ72 Goodman, Alice C.Ð530 Greigg, Stanley L.Ð60 Hall, J. MichaelÐ147 Goodman, John B.Ð172 Gresham, Henry W.Ð482 Hall, James E.Ð621 Goodman, MargaretÐ643 Gretch, PaulÐ402 Hall, Kenneth A.Ð444 Goodman, Maurice F.Ð534 Gribbin, Robert E., IIIÐ396 Hall, Kenneth K.Ð71 Goodman, Sherri W.Ð172 Griever, William L.Ð439 Hall, MargareteÐ248 Goodwin, DanielÐ718 Griffin, Richard J.Ð447 Hall, Oceola S.Ð583 Goodwin, LarryÐ366 Griffith, Jeanne E.Ð617 Hall, Ray W.Ð481 Goosby, EricÐ262 Griffith, Maxine F.Ð305 Hall, Robert B.Ð172 Goplerud, EricÐ270 Griffith, Reginald W.Ð597 Hall, T.F.Ð210 Gorden, PhillipÐ269 Griffith, Ronald H.Ð195 Hall, W. RobertÐ599 Gordis, EnochÐ269 Grimes, J. RobertÐ455 Hall, Walter A.Ð470 Gordon, Bruce A.Ð483 Grimm, John F.Ð406 Hall, Zach W.Ð270 Gordon, D. LynnÐ455 Grippen, Glen W.Ð483 Hallin, William P.Ð185 Gordon, Judith J.Ð143 Grisby, William H.Ð527 Hallinan, PatrickÐ484 Gordon, Nancy M.Ð145 Grob, George F.Ð264 Hallion, Richard P.Ð185 Gore, Albert, Jr.Ð25, 90, 96, 716 Grohs, Alan E.Ð386 Hallmark, ShelbyÐ367 Gore, DarylÐ193 Gross, AllanÐ483 Halman, Edward L.Ð627 Gorelick, Jamie S.Ð327 Gross, Arthur A.Ð445 Halpern, CherylÐ685 Gorman, MatthewÐ440 Gross, DonaldÐ679 Halpin, Peter G.Ð402 Gormley, William N.Ð566 Gross, Leroy P.Ð471 Halsted, David C.Ð395 Gorospe, KathyÐ507 Gross, MarleneÐ445 Halter, WilliamÐ99 Goss, Allen S.Ð483 Gross, Roberta L.Ð583 Hambor, John C.Ð439 Goss, KayÐ535 Hamby, SuellenÐ441 Grossman, MarcÐ396 Gotbaum, JoshuaÐ439 Hamerschlag, Arthur S.Ð472 Gruber, JonathanÐ439 Gottesman, Michael M.Ð269 Hamill, James C.Ð559 Grubiak, James F.Ð705 Gould, W. ScottÐ441 Hamilton, Arthur E.Ð423 Grysavage, PatriciaÐ473 Gould, William B., IVÐ607 Hamilton, Clyde H.Ð71 Guay, JonÐ385 Grabon, Walter S.Ð516 Hamilton, Michael E.Ð483 Gracey, Harold F., Jr.Ð470 Gubin, Kenneth B.Ð446 Hamlett, KennethÐ381 Grady, Patricia A.Ð270 Guenther, Anne C.Ð582 Hammerschmidt, John A.Ð622 Graham, Michael D.Ð386 Guenther, Otto J.Ð194 Hammes, Michael C.Ð209 Graham, Thomas, Jr.Ð679 Guerra, RodolfoÐ159 Hammond, DonaldÐ438 Graham, William W.Ð470 Guerra-Mondragon, GabrielÐ395 Hammond, MargaretÐ471 Grams, Dennis D.Ð511 Guerrero, Omar V.Ð263 Hamory, Eugene RossÐ420 Grams, W. ToddÐ472 Guerrina, Allan B.Ð443 Hampton, Leon H.Ð505 GrandMaison, J. JosephÐ676 Guess, StevenÐ385 Hampton, Philip G.Ð148 Grant, DianneÐ445 Gurka, Ronald E.Ð372 Hampton, Tommy L.Ð266 Grant, Joseph H.Ð645 Gustafson, ElisabethÐ565 Hamre, John J.Ð173 Grant, William F., IIIÐ442 Gute, WilliamÐ433 Hancock, W.J.Ð209 Gravatt, CaryÐ148 Gutierrez, LinoÐ396 Hankinson, John H., Jr.Ð511 Gravely, Jack W.Ð523 Gutierrez, TonyÐ141 Hankinson, Richard J.Ð442 Gray, George, Jr.Ð480 Gutowski, James R.Ð385 Hanlein, Raymond J.Ð566 Gray, Hanna HolbornÐ716 Guttentag, Joseph H.Ð439, 441 Hanrahan, EileenÐ243 Gray, James H.Ð538 Guttman, DanielÐ631 Hansen, Charles E.Ð243 Gray, JoeÐ471 Guy, William M.Ð49 Hansen, David R.Ð72 Gray, JohnÐ145 Guyer, James P.Ð670 Hansen, EdÐ402 Gray, Joseph R.Ð625 Guynn, JackÐ553 Hansen, Fred J.Ð505 Gray, Theron A.Ð405 Gwin, RoseÐ635 Hansen, Kenneth W.Ð518 NAME INDEX 831

Hansen, SilkeÐ331 Hawkins, Michael D.Ð72 Herrera, H.F.Ð210 Hanson, John T.Ð474 Hawkins, Wilbur F.Ð145 Herting, Robert W.Ð646 Hantman, Alan M.Ð43, 44 Hawley, Bryan G.Ð185 Hertz, Harry S.Ð148 Hardamon, Homer D.Ð487 Hawley, Richard E.Ð188 Herway, MichaelÐ473 Harder, B.A.Ð211 Hawley, Wesley L.Ð441 Hesburgh, Theodore M.Ð735 Hardesty, RobertÐ382 Haworth, Charles D.Ð438 Hess, Charles E.Ð615 Hardin, Lon J.Ð156 Hayashi, DennisÐ263 Hess, James K.Ð518 Harding, JamesÐ743 Hayden, Michael V.Ð192 Hess, T.G.Ð211 Hardy, ClarenceÐ505 Hayes, Johnny H.Ð674 Hesse, NeilÐ157 Hardy, Robert B.Ð617 Hayes, RitaÐ106 Hesser, JefferyÐ444 Hardy, ThomasÐ455 Hayes, Toussaint L.Ð377 Hetzel, MaureenÐ141 Harkenrider, Mary FrancesÐ83 Haynes, Richard S.Ð208 Heumann, Judith E.Ð243 Harlan, AnneÐ420 Haynes, Richard W.Ð453 Heup, Ellen L.Ð409 Harlan, William R.Ð269 Hays, Dennis K.Ð396 Hewitt, Emily ClarkÐ566 Harlow, RobertÐ440 Hazel, Mary AnnÐ410 Heydemann, Peter L.M.Ð148 Harman, JohnÐ46 Hazlewood, LeoÐ233 Heyman, I. MichaelÐ716 Harman, MichaelÐ97 Headley, MichaelÐ717 Hickam, GordonÐ458 Harper, Robert T.Ð441 Heagy, GillianÐ602 Hickman, J. GaryÐ481 Harper, SallyanneÐ506 Heanue, Kevin E.Ð405 Hickmott, RobertÐ505 Harrelson, Thomas W.Ð409 Heath, Karen S.Ð208 Hicks, Elizabeth M.Ð244 Harrington, JudyÐ643 Hebert, TomÐ109 Hicks, John F., Sr.Ð395, 491 Harrington, KathleenÐ685 Hebner, Robert E.Ð148 Hicks, PrestonÐ624 Harrington, LaurenceÐ566 Hecht, Alan D.Ð506 Higginbotham, A. Leon, Jr.Ð681 Harrington, Paul M.Ð459 Heckert, BrianÐ486 Higginbotham, G.B.Ð231 Harris, Jeffrey R.Ð265, 266 Hedetniemi, JanyceÐ269 Higginbotham, Patrick E.Ð71 Harris, Nada D.Ð474 Hedlin, Ethel W.Ð718 Higgins, James A.Ð71 Harris, Richard W.Ð270 Hedlund, JamesÐ408 Higgins, John E., Jr.Ð607 Harris, Robert F.Ð705 Heffernan, Donald P.Ð565 Higgins, John P., Jr.Ð242 Harris, Scott A.Ð172 Heftel, CeceliaÐ268 Higgins, John R.Ð471 Harris, SethÐ366 Hegy, Jason S.Ð511 Higgins, KittyÐ90 Harris, SharronÐ110 Hehir, ThomasÐ243 Higgins, Mary AnnÐ276 Harris, SidneyÐ699 Hehman, John P.Ð78 Higgins, MichaelÐ157 Harris, William T.Ð49 Heifetz, Alan W.Ð299 High, DwightÐ276 Harrison, George B.Ð192 Heilman, ChandraÐ716 High, LoisÐ486 Harrison, MonikaÐ661 Heinemann, Robert B.Ð144 High, Richard G., Jr.Ð369 Harrison, Thomas W.Ð446 Heinrich, JohnÐ455 Hightower, HermaÐ459 Harriss, Robert C.Ð581 Helfer, RickiÐ529 Hildebrandt, Arthur H.Ð207 Harrod, Delores F.Ð147 Hellwig, HelmutÐ184 Hildner, ErnestÐ161 Harry, Robert H.Ð268 Hellwig, James K.Ð158 Hill, Barry E.Ð308 Harshaw, Connie M.Ð597 Hembra, Richard L.Ð46 Hill, Daniel O.Ð662 Harshman, RayÐ669 Hemming, Val G.Ð240 Hill, Darrell H.Ð385 Hart, Christopher A.Ð404 Hemminghaus, Roger R.Ð552 Hill, DratinÐ669 Hart, Frances M.Ð512 Hempel, Fred J.Ð405 Hill, EleanorÐ173 Harter, Danny G.Ð516 Henderson, James E.Ð566 Hill, IreneÐ511 Harter, VirginiaÐ444 Henderson, Karen LeCraftÐ70 Hill, Lawrence J.Ð472 Hartfield, Edward F.Ð542 Henderson, RobertÐ159 Hill, Vern W.Ð545 Hartman, AndrewÐ249 Henderson, William J.Ð705 Hilley, JohnÐ91 Hartman, James H.Ð385 Henderson, William M.Ð506 Hillman, K.W.Ð211 Hartman, Joseph H.Ð580 Hendry, NancyÐ643 Hinch, Gerald K.Ð474 Hartman, Ronald J.Ð613 Hendy, Joyce A.Ð517 Hinchman, James F.Ð46 Hartmanis, JurisÐ616 Henegan, Sharon O.Ð83 Hines, DebraÐ446 Hartwig, John E.Ð264 Henigson, StephenÐ276 Hinton, Henry L., Jr.Ð46 Hartzog, William W.Ð196 Henke, Ronald J.Ð483 Hinz, RichardÐ367 Harvey, Mariam G.Ð441 Hennemuth, Jeffrey A.Ð79 Hipp, Kenneth B.Ð611 Harvil, MichaelÐ381 Hennesey, MatthewÐ440 Hirsch, EdwardÐ236 Harwood, Charles A.Ð564 Hennessy, NellÐ645 Hirsch, John L.Ð396 Harwood, NormaÐ140 Henninger, Lynn W.Ð581 Hirsch, Michael B.Ð534 Hassel, Harry S.Ð160 Henrichsen, Arthur L.Ð518 Hitchcock, Ralph J.Ð407 Hasty, Joyce S.Ð148 Henry, James D.Ð365 Hite, Ronald V.Ð194 Hasvold, Laurence A.Ð425 Henry, Jo-AnnÐ530 Hitt, DavidÐ141 Hatamiya, LonÐ110 Henry, KayÐ307 Hively, Harlan R.Ð486 Hatchett, Joseph WoodrowÐ73 Henry, Peter P.Ð486 Hnatowski, Thomas C.Ð79 Hathaway, D.L.Ð207 Henry, Robert H.Ð72 Hoar, Gay S.Ð440 Hathaway, Jeffrey J.Ð403 Henry, SherryeÐ662 Hoban, John G.Ð409 Hattoy, Robert K.Ð307 Henson, Hobart M.Ð444 Hobbins, James M.Ð716 Hauenstein, W.H.Ð209 Hentges, HarrietÐ735 Hobbs, Ira L.Ð110 Haughton, RondalynÐ267 Herberger, Albert J.Ð408 Hobson, James L., Jr.Ð188 Haulsey, James R.Ð441 Herbert, JamesÐ602 Hochman, Jill L.Ð406 Hauser, Timothy J.Ð146 Herlihy, Thomas W.Ð401 Hochuli, JurgÐ97 Havas, AlexanderÐ473 Herman, Alexis M.Ð365, 498, 645 Hodes, Richard J.Ð269 Haverkamp, JenniferÐ107 Herman, L.G.Ð211 Hodges, M. WayneÐ626 Hawk, Kathleen M.Ð328 Herman, Steven A.Ð506 Hoecker, Robert L.Ð72 Hawke, John D., Jr.Ð438 Hernandez, Anthony J.Ð305 Hoenig, Thomas M.Ð553 Hawkins, Carl W.Ð487 Hernandez, IdaÐ441 Hoey, Anne W.Ð613 Hawkins, James C.Ð527 Hernreich, NancyÐ91 Hoffman, PaulÐ472 Hawkins, Jerry A.Ð406 Herr, Richard D.Ð403 Hoffman, Peter B.Ð610 Hawkins, Joseph A.Ð404 Herrell, Ileana C.Ð268 Hoffmann, Myron L.Ð685 832 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Hofman, DaveÐ162 Huber, CarolynÐ92 Inderfurth, Karl F.Ð389 Hogan, John M.Ð327 Huber, Dean M.Ð183 Indyk, Martin S.Ð396 Hogan, John P.Ð643 Huber, DeidkeÐ566 Ingold, David A.Ð444 Hogan, Thomas J.Ð472 Huber, June V.Ð567 Ingold, MegÐ366 Hogeboom, Charles E.Ð470 Huchting, G.A.Ð209 Ingolia, Joseph N.Ð403 Hoinkes, Mary ElizabethÐ679 Huckins, Earle K.Ð581 Ingram, Sarah HallÐ445 Holaday, DuncanÐ208 Huddleston, Vicki J.Ð396 Inman, Robert B.Ð386 Holahan, Gary M.Ð626 Hudnall, SandraÐ505 Irving, LarryÐ147 Holbrook, Robert B.Ð473 Hudson, Barry K.Ð441 Isacco, CarrieÐ684 Holcomb, Lee B.Ð582 Hudson, Joel B.Ð194 Isler, FrederickÐ682 Holden, Ollice C.Ð458 Hudson, MelindaÐ499 Israel, Kenneth D., Jr.Ð657 Holden, StephenÐ445 Hudson, Philip H.Ð140 Itoh, William H.Ð396 Holen, ArleneÐ60 Huebner, Emily Z.Ð82 Itteilag, Anthony L.Ð269 Holian, Brian E.Ð625 Huerta, John E.Ð716 Itzkoff, Donald M.Ð406 Holland, David F.Ð553 Huerta, Michael P.Ð401 Iwry, J. MarkÐ439, 441 Holleman, Frank S.Ð242 Huff, Herbert J.Ð460 Holley, James H.Ð474 Huff, Richard L.Ð328 J Holliman, HalcolmÐ379 Hug, Procter, Jr.Ð72 Hollis, Walter W.Ð195 Huger, Gregory F.Ð696 Jabara, Cathy L.Ð699 Hollister, Clay G.Ð535 Huggett, Robert J.Ð508 Jackovich, VictorÐ396 Holmes, Genta HawkinsÐ395 Hughes, James M.Ð266 Jackson, Alfonso C.Ð159 Holmes, H. AllenÐ172 Hughes, JesseÐ432 Jackson, Arthur C.Ð265, 266 Holmes, K. DavidÐ447 Hughes, KentÐ143 Jackson, B. JeromeÐ145 Holohan, ThomasÐ471 Hughes, MichaelÐ470 Jackson, Barry S.Ð485 Holstein, Robert B.Ð49 Hughes, Morris N., Jr.Ð395 Jackson, C. AnthonyÐ685 Holston, Sharon SmithÐ266 Hughes, Patrick M.Ð228 Jackson, Gary M.Ð662 Holt, Daniel D.Ð591 Hughes, Thomas L.Ð49 Jackson, GeoffreyÐ676 Holum, Barbara P.Ð493 Hughes, William J.Ð396 Jackson, JeanaÐ382 Holum, John D.Ð679 Hugler, Edward C.Ð368 Jackson, JoyceÐ599 Holz, Arnold G.Ð580 Hulihan, Terrence J.Ð518 Jackson, Julius H.Ð616 Homan, Paul N.Ð307 Hull, ThomasÐ685 Jackson, M. YvonneÐ264 Honeycutt, David F.Ð192 Hum, CarolynÐ676 Jackson, NorwoodÐ99 Honigman, Steven S.Ð207 Humphrey, G. Watts, Jr.Ð552 Jackson, Richard J.Ð266 Hoobler, James F.Ð661 Hundt, Reed E.Ð523 Jackson, SharonÐ580 Hood, Roger A.Ð529 Hung, Stephen C.Ð410 Jackson, Shirley AnnÐ625 Hood, William H.Ð377 Hunger, Frank W.Ð327 Jacksteit, Mary E.Ð542 Hooks, CraigÐ506 Hunnicutt, Charles A.Ð402 Jacobs, David E.Ð300 Hopcroft, John E.Ð615 Hunt, Isaac C., Jr.Ð652 Jacobs, Dennis G.Ð70 Hopewell, Luz A.Ð401 Hunt, John B.Ð615 Jacobs, Marilynne E.Ð407 Hopkins, JohnÐ107 Hunt, Mark A.Ð591 Jacobs, Penny G.Ð78 Hopkins, NatÐ140 Hunt, Swanee G.Ð395 Jacobsen, CarlÐ157 Hopkins, Wallace M.Ð486 Hunter, Kenneth J.Ð705 Jacobsen, Magdalena G.Ð611 Hopper, Paul J.Ð172 Hunter, Robert E.Ð396 Jacobsen, Mark P.Ð442 Horbaly, JanÐ73 Hunter, Thomas C.Ð382 Jacobson, PaulÐ669 Horn, Clinton V.Ð183 Huntoon, IvanÐ433 Jacoby, PeterÐ93 Horn, Donald H.Ð401 Huntress, Wesley T., Jr.Ð581 Jaedicke, Ann F.Ð442 Horn, FloydÐ109 Hunziker, CeciliaÐ420 Jain, MayankÐ409 Horn, Peter B.Ð194 Hurd, Elmer J.Ð308 Jajko, WalterÐ173 Hornak, John P.Ð472 Hurdle, LanaÐ643 James, Elizabeth M.Ð262 Horner, ConstanceÐ681 Hurley, Carol-LeeÐ682 James-Hunter, DeLorisÐ270 Horowitz, SylviaÐ365 Hurt, ReedesÐ485 Janes, BillÐ377 Horsley, John C.Ð402 Husnay, Joseph P.Ð527 Janis, Michael B.Ð299 Hortiz, JosephÐ386 Hussey, W. JohnÐ161 Jarmon, GloriaÐ244 Horvath, Thomas B.Ð471 Husson, GeraldÐ487 Jarratt, Albert S.Ð527 Hostage, BarbaraÐ507 Hutcheon, Richard J.Ð160 Jaskolski, Stanley V.Ð615 Hough, GilbertÐ385 Hutchinson, Carole A.Ð566 Jaye, RobertÐ263 Hough, Michael A.Ð209 Hutchinson, SondraÐ444 Jayne, WilliamÐ473 Houle, DavidÐ385 Huther, Bradford R.Ð145 Jeanotte, Duane L.Ð268 Houry, EdwardÐ110 Hutson, John D.Ð208, 210 Jee, Delora NgÐ442 House, R.W.Ð195 Hutt, Donald J.Ð385 Jeff, Gloria J.Ð405 Housh, Tedrick A., Jr.Ð372 Hutton, WallyÐ459, 460 Jefferson, BobbyÐ159 Hove, Andrew C., Jr.Ð529 Hybl, WilliamÐ684 Jefferson, MaxineÐ601 Howard, Gene R.Ð705 Hyde, Jeanette W.Ð395, 396 Jenkins, BarbaraÐ445 Howard, Henry, Jr.Ð685 Hyman, Steven E.Ð270 Jenkins, Brenda L.Ð471 Howard, Kenneth T.Ð369 Hynes, Patrick D.Ð442 Jenkins, CalvinÐ662 Howard, WilliamÐ382 Jenkins, Issie L.Ð516 Howell, D.S.Ð211 I Jenkins, JoAnnÐ53 Howell, John E.Ð79 Jenkins, Melvin L.Ð682 Hoyle, John C.Ð625 IbanÄez, Manuel L.Ð716 Jenkins, Smith, Jr.Ð471, 483 Hoyle, KarlÐ599 Ibarra, MickeyÐ90 Jenks, NicholasÐ696 Hricko, AndreaÐ368 Igaski, Paul M.Ð511 Jennings, A. DrueÐ553 Hrinak, Donna J.Ð395 Iglesias, Enrique V.Ð740 Jennings, Christopher C.Ð92, 104 Hsieh, Sallie T.Ð512 Iida, AkiraÐ742 Jennings, Clifford H.Ð439 Hsing, Helen H.Ð46 Iman, DeborahÐ243 Jennings, Everett P.Ð380 Hsu, Ming C.Ð545 Imber, George H.Ð145 Jennings, Mary L.Ð578 Hubbard, Edward J.Ð484 Imbroscio, MichaelÐ93 Jensen, Steven A.Ð459 Hubbard, ThomasÐ396 Imparato, Andrew J.Ð511 Jensen, ThomasÐ95 NAME INDEX 833

Jensen, Thomas R.Ð486 Jones, Thomas D.Ð144 Kaufman, Edward E.Ð685 Jenson, William G.Ð110 Jones, WandaÐ266 Kaufmann, LindaÐ470 Jett, Dennis C.Ð396 Joost, Robert H.Ð402 Kauzlarich, Richard D.Ð395 Jewell, LindaÐ685 Jordan, Edward L.Ð626 Kavanaugh, GaryÐ267 Jewell, TommyÐ733 Jordan, I. KingÐ248 Kay, Arlene G.Ð459 Jin, LesÐ684 Jordan, Jerry L.Ð553 Kea, Arleas UptonÐ530 Joffe, PaulÐ143 Jordan, JonÐ566 Keane, Michael A.Ð143 Jogan, RobertÐ378 Jordan, Jon L.Ð404 Kearney, Barry J.Ð607 John, Richard R.Ð410 Jordan, Kenneth U.Ð622 Kearney, Janis F.Ð92 Johns, EdÐ601 Jordan, Larry R.Ð195 Kearse, Amalya LyleÐ70 Johns, JeffÐ403 Jordan, Luise S.Ð499 Keaveny, MichaelÐ157 Johnsen, DawnÐ327 Jordan, Mary LuÐ549 Kedar, RaphaelÐ406 Johnson, Barry L.Ð265 Jordan, Mosina H.Ð395 Keefe, MaryÐ657 Johnson, BrianÐ95 Jordan, Walter L.Ð444 Keefer, Stephen E.Ð195 Johnson, Christine M.Ð405 Jorgensen, SteveÐ481 Keeffe, Mary AnnÐ109 Johnson, Donald R.Ð148 Joseph, ArthurÐ580 Keeley, John B.Ð648 Johnson, GaryÐ534 Joseph, Gloria J.Ð607 Keenan, JamesÐ242 Johnson, GloriaÐ643 Joseph, James A.Ð396 Keener, Mary LouÐ470 Johnson, GrantlandÐ273 Josephson, Diana H.Ð147 Keeney, John C.Ð328 Johnson, Howard N.Ð46 Josiah, Timothy W.Ð418 Keeney, ReginaÐ523 Johnson, J.L.Ð173, 209 Jospin, DeborahÐ498 Keesor, Noel E.Ð446 Johnson, JacobÐ208 Joyner, FrederickÐ433 Keevey, Richard F.Ð226 Johnson, James A.Ð718 Juarez, JosephÐ377 Keightley, James J.Ð645 Johnson, James E.Ð438 Juba, BruceÐ440 Keilty, Bryan T.Ð366 Johnson, James W.Ð625 Judycki, Dennis C.Ð405 Keith, KentonÐ686 Johnson, Jennifer J.Ð552 Julyan, DavidÐ597 Keith, RobertÐ263 Johnson, Joyce M.Ð403 Jumper, John P.Ð185 Kelleher, John J.Ð447 Johnson, JudithÐ244 Junkins, DaveÐ446 Keller, RobertÐ460 Johnson, L.S.Ð231 Jurado, Kathy ElenaÐ474 Keller, Steven L.Ð470 Johnson, LajuanÐ144 Kelley, David J.Ð227 Johnson, LarryÐ208 K Kelley, E.Ð212 Johnson, LindaÐ472 Kelley, EdwardÐ538 Johnson, Martha N.Ð565 Kaas, L. MichaelÐ308 Kelley, Edward W., Jr.Ð552, 553 Johnson, Mary L.Ð611 Kabbaj, OmarÐ739 Kelley, JohnÐ639 Johnson, Norman S.Ð652 Kacena, Neil G.Ð184 Kelley, Thomas E.Ð506 Johnson, Patricia CornwellÐ512 Kadunc, EdwardÐ696 Kelley, Wayne P.Ð50 Johnson, Paul W.Ð109, 193 Kadus, RichardÐ381 Kellogg, Alvin N.Ð548 Johnson, Ralph E.Ð622 Kagan, ElenaÐ92, 104 Kelly, Eamon M.Ð615 Johnson, Ralph R.Ð396 Kage, GordonÐ183 Kelly, HenryÐ105 Johnson, RickÐ717 Kahl, James A.Ð639 Kelly, JerryÐ471 Johnson, Robert B.Ð92 Kajunski, Vincent F.Ð527 Kelly, John F.Ð705 Johnson, Robert T.Ð459 Kaler, Herbert C.Ð209 Kelly, L.J.Ð211 Johnson, SamuelÐ716 Kaleta, Judith S.Ð410 Kelly, PaulÐ248 Johnson, Stanley Q.Ð487 Kalicki, Jan H.Ð146 Kelly, Paul J., Jr.Ð72 Johnson, Theodore A.Ð144 Kamarck, Elaine C.Ð94 Kelly, Raymond W.Ð438 Johnston, Francis X.Ð409 Kamerow, Douglas B.Ð265 Kelly, WilliamÐ185 Joiner, UlrikeÐ507 Kamihachi, James D.Ð443 Kelman, StevenÐ99 Jolin, Michele M.Ð94 Kaminski, Paul G.Ð172 Kemble, PennÐ684 Jolly, E. GradyÐ71 Kamman, Curt W.Ð395 Kemp, Rose A.Ð371 Jones, A. ElizabethÐ396 Kammer, Mauna V.Ð496 Kendall, GlennÐ267 Jones, AlthierÐ669 Kammer, Raymond G., Jr.Ð144 Kendricks, TonyÐ268 Jones, Anita K.Ð172 Kammerer, Andrew J.Ð161 Kenealy, Stephen J.Ð46 Jones, Ann I.Ð564 Kammerer, Joseph T.Ð147, 162 Kennard, William E.Ð523 Jones, BeatriceÐ566 Kammerer, Kelly C.Ð691 Kennedy, Anthony M.Ð67, 73 Jones, Bradley W.Ð625 Kamosa, Robert E.Ð684 Kennedy, BarbaraÐ696 Jones, CarolynÐ717 Kampelman, Max M.Ð734 Kennedy, Claudia J.Ð195 Jones, DavidÐ327 Kane, Allen R.Ð705 Kennedy, Cornelia G.Ð71 Jones, DennisÐ624 Kane, Anthony R.Ð405 Kennedy, David M.Ð161 Jones, Edith H.Ð71 Kanianthra, Joseph N.Ð407 Kennedy, Donald J.Ð553 Jones, Eunice HoltÐ78 Kanitz, BudÐ442 Kennedy, James S.Ð157 Jones, George E.Ð696 Kanne, Michael S.Ð72 Kennedy, Joe N.Ð367 Jones, HerbertÐ438 Kapla, RobertÐ95 Kennedy, Patrick F.Ð388 Jones, James R.Ð396 Kappler, Holm J.Ð443 Kennel, Charles F.Ð581 Jones, James S.Ð482 Karaer, Arma JaneÐ396 Kennelly, Mary EstelleÐ602 Jones, John C.Ð506 Karman, MyronÐ625 Kennoy, William H.Ð674 Jones, Kerri-AnnÐ105 Karp, GeneÐ367 Kensey, Mark A.Ð300 Jones, Lana KayÐ53 Karp, NaomiÐ243 Kent, Allen (Gunner)Ð470 Jones, MeredithÐ523 Karrh, Thomas M.Ð385 Kent, Bruce W.Ð669, 670 Jones, Mickey J.Ð385 Kartman, CharlesÐ388 Kentov, RochelleÐ609 Jones, Paul L.Ð46 Kask, Stanley S., Jr.Ð583 Kenyon, Douglas M.Ð485 Jones, PhyllisÐ106 Kassel, DonaldÐ439 Kenyon, RobertÐ366 Jones, Reginald E.Ð511 Katz, JoeÐ156 Kernan, Charles K.Ð706 Jones, Richard H.Ð396 Katz, Jonathan G.Ð652 Kerr, T. MichaelÐ365 Jones, Robb M.Ð82 Katz, Steven I.Ð269 Kerrick, Donald L.Ð92, 96 Jones, Robert L.Ð471 Katz, Steven L.Ð578 Kerwin, Mary D.Ð581 Jones, RoxieÐ143 Katzen, SallyÐ99 Kessler, Harold D.Ð542 Jones, Taylor E., IIÐ408 Katzenelson, SusanÐ83 Ketcha, Nicholas J., Jr.Ð530 834 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Ketcham, Charles O., Jr.Ð381, 382 Kohn, Donald L.Ð552, 553 Labenski, Maureen E.Ð549 Kever, Jerome F.Ð649 Kojima, Kenn N.Ð575 LaBlanc, HenryÐ158 Keys, Ronald E.Ð192 Kolb, IngridÐ242 LaBounty, Randall J.Ð157 Kharfen, MichaelÐ265 Kolodner, RobertÐ473 LaCampagne, Carole B.Ð243 Kicklighter, Claude M.Ð195 Kominoth, Tony P.Ð545 Lacey, Daniel J.Ð368 Kidd, A. PaulÐ484 Konschnik, David M.Ð411 Ladd, Donald L.Ð50 Kidwell, Carla F.Ð444 Konz, Kenneth A.Ð506 Ladwig, Alan M.Ð581 Kieburtz, Richard B.Ð616 Kopanda, RichardÐ270 LaFevor, KennethÐ486 Kieffer, CharlesÐ99 Kornbluh, KarenÐ523 LaForest, Bernard H.Ð453 Kiel, Alan B.Ð705 Kornblum, JohnÐ388 Lago, MarisaÐ652 Kielly, Archibald J.Ð659 Kornegay, Marjorie R.Ð442 Lagos, EnriqueÐ743 Kies, RobertÐ141 Korologos, Tom C.Ð685 Laine, Mitchell L.Ð244 Kilbane, GraceÐ366 Korsvik, William J.Ð553 Lakshmanan, T.R.Ð410 Kilcoyne, John A.Ð438 Koskinen, JohnÐ99 Lamar, Henry O., Jr.Ð459 Killen, John E.Ð192 Kotch, JohnÐ366 Lamb, Robert J.Ð308 Killorin, John C.Ð453 Kouroupas, Marie PapageorgeÐ685 Lamb, Robert, Jr.Ð331 Kouts, Herbert J.C.Ð503 Kimble, Gary N.Ð264 Lambert, Ronald J.Ð459, 460 Kovalick, Walter W., Jr.Ð507 Kimpel, JamesÐ162 Lamkin, Fletcher M.Ð203 Kowalczyk, GaryÐ499 King, Carolyn DineenÐ71 Lammon, Robert E.Ð634 Kowalski, Kenneth C.Ð549 King, Dan G.Ð411 Lamp, DavidÐ141 Kozak, Michael G.Ð395 King, James B.Ð635 Lancaster, H. MartinÐ193 Kozinski, AlexÐ72 King, James C.Ð173 Lance, LindaÐ95 Kraemer, Sylvia K.Ð581 King, JuneÐ611 Land, E. WaverlyÐ263 Kraft, William H.Ð226 King, Reatha ClarkÐ498 Land, Robert C.Ð406 Krakora, Nicole L.Ð717 King, SusanÐ299 Kramek, Robert E.Ð403 Landefeld, J. StephenÐ145 King, Thomas M.Ð270 Kramer, Bruce M.Ð616 Landers, Jack J.Ð565 Kingsley, Oliver D., Jr.Ð674 Kramer, Franklin D.Ð172 Landers, ReneeÐ263 Kinney, ElizabethÐ609 Kramer, John H.Ð83 Landrum, PeterÐ162 Kinney, Shirl G.Ð147 Kramer, Judith E.Ð365 Lane, Brian J.Ð652 Kinsey, Carrol H.Ð444 Kramer, Ronald E.Ð157 Lane, DavidÐ143 Kinsey, Jean D.Ð553 Krasik, Sophie A.Ð207 Lane, Neal F.Ð615 Kinsley, CarolÐ498 Kratzke, Steven R.Ð407 Lang, JeffreyÐ106 Kirchner, Mary FranÐ147 Kraus, JanetÐ402 Lange, George, IIIÐ70 Kirklighter, Fritz W.Ð194 Krause, RobertÐ705 Langer, Mark J.Ð70 Kirschstein, Ruth L.Ð268 Krause, Susan F.Ð443 Langhammer, Frank L.Ð692 Kiser, MichaelÐ669 Krauth, ElizabethÐ156 Langley, Jerry L.Ð529 Kizer, Kenneth W.Ð470 Kravitz, JoyceÐ684 Langston, A.N., IIIÐ209 Kjaer-Schade, LisaÐ158 Krebs, Martha A.Ð252 Langston, MarvinÐ209 Klain, Ronald A.Ð94 Kreklau, Robert J.Ð405 Lannon, GeorgeÐ542 Klaits, Joseph L.Ð735 Kress, Jack M.Ð263 Lanphear, Thomas J.Ð580 Klass, Arthur A.Ð446 Kring, ThomasÐ262 Lapera, PeterÐ696 Klassen, LarsÐ696 Krislov, MarvinÐ365 Lapine, Lewis A.Ð161 Klassen, RobertÐ243, 602 Kritz, Neil J.Ð735 Lapp, DouglasÐ718 Klausner, RichardÐ269 Kroener, William F., IIIÐ529 Larkin, BarbaraÐ388 Kleeschulte, DorothyÐ669 Kross, WalterÐ188 Larned, Robert E.Ð184 Klein, Anne K.Ð46 Krueger, RobertÐ395 Larrabee, Richard M., IIIÐ418 Klein, Deborah P.Ð368 Kruesi, Frank E.Ð402 Larsen, Douglas P., Jr.Ð208 Klein, JenniferÐ104 Krulak, Charles C.Ð173, 210 Larson, Leon N.Ð423 Klein, Joel I.Ð327 Krull, GaryÐ602 Larson, Peter A.Ð649 Klein, Joyce M.Ð611 Krump, Gary J.Ð474 LaRussa, Robert S.Ð146 Kleinberg, David K.Ð402 Krupsky, KennethÐ441 Lash, Terry R.Ð252 Kleinberg, RochelleÐ373 Kuehl, David E.Ð592 Lassiter, Mildred A.Ð506 Kleinfeld, Andrew J.Ð72 Kuenning, Thomas E., Jr.Ð234 Laster, GailÐ715 Klimp, J.W.Ð212 Kugelman, Robert F.Ð145 Lastowka, Thomas M.Ð473, 485 Kline, Norman D.Ð545 Kuhlmeier, DavidÐ158 LaTray-Holmes, H. PollyÐ385 Klose, KevinÐ684 Kukla, Charlene T.Ð650 Lattimore, NeelÐ92 Kluge, JohnÐ53 Kula, ThomasÐ193 Lattimore, Patricia W.Ð366 Klugh, KayÐ516 Kulik, BernardÐ661 Latuperissa, FredÐ156 Klurfeld, Jeffrey A.Ð564 Kull, Joseph L.Ð617 Lau, ValerieÐ439 Knapp, EdwardÐ645 Kunin, Madeleine M.Ð396 Lauffer, Susan B.Ð405 Knapp, Malcolm R.Ð626 Kupfer, CarlÐ269 Laughlin, KeithÐ95 Knapp, Rosalind A.Ð401 Kurin, RichardÐ718 Laughton, K.S.Ð210 Knickerbocker, Frederick T.Ð145 Kurland, Susan L.Ð404 Lautenbacher, C.C., Jr.Ð207 Knight, Edward S.Ð439 Kurtweg, Jerry A.Ð507 Lavid, George D.Ð157 Knipling, Edward B.Ð109 Kurtz, Michael J.Ð589 Lawler, Mary AnnÐ308 Knipmeyer, Mary C.Ð270 Kurz, LindaÐ482 Lawlor, Conrad E.Ð669 Knisely, Robert A.Ð410 Kusek, Jody Z.Ð308 Lawrence, Carmen J.Ð657 Knouss, RobertÐ262 Kushnir, AnatolijÐ472 Lawrence, CathleenÐ679 Knowlton, JamesÐ193 Kussy, Edward V.A.Ð405 Lawrence, JeffreyÐ581 Knox, Hugh W.Ð145 Kusumoto, Sandra L.Ð545 Lawrence, Jonathan A.Ð382 Knox, StevenÐ455 Kwas, EdwardÐ443 Lawshe, Robert W.Ð578 Kobell, GeraldÐ609 Kyle, RobertÐ104 Lawson, James W.Ð472 Koch, Kathleen DayÐ639 Kyloh, NanceÐ697 Lawson, Joseph A.Ð439 Koehnke, Donna R.Ð699 Lawson, MichaelÐ483 Koenig, H.M.Ð209, 210 L Lawson, Neal C.Ð470 Koerber, Thomas J.Ð704 Lawson, PatriciaÐ652 Kohlmoos, JamesÐ244 LaBelle, JimÐ624 Lax, Mitchell D.Ð409 NAME INDEX 835

Laxton, William G.Ð506 Lewis, Wilma A.Ð307 Lopez, JorgeÐ485 Laydom, Terry M.Ð161 Ley, Jane S.Ð633 Lopez, T.J.Ð210 Layne, R. DavisÐ382 Leyland, Mary F.Ð483 Lopez-Otin, Maria E.Ð625 Layron, Laura D.Ð582 Leyser, Catherine A.Ð649 Lorber, John G.Ð189 Layton, John C.Ð252 Liberta, AnthonyÐ455 Lord, Bette BaoÐ685 Le Gette, James E.Ð566 Libertucci, Arthur J.Ð442 Lorentz, Norman E.Ð705 Leach, Barbara M.Ð402 Lidz, Theodore J.Ð78 Lorigo, SebastianÐ445 Leaf, Howard W.Ð185 Lieber, Joseph F.Ð402 Los Mansmann, CarolÐ70 Leahy, Daniel F.Ð699 Lieber, RichardÐ403 Lott, TrentÐ25 LeaMond, Nancy A.Ð106, 143 Lieberman, Evelyn S.Ð684 Lotz, Robert D.Ð381 Leavy, EdwardÐ72 Lieberman, JamesÐ626 Loughridge, Michael S.Ð161 LeBlanc, DianeÐ592 Liebman, Wilma B.Ð548 Louizou, TomÐ427 LeBlanc, W.H., IIIÐ648 Liff, Diane R.Ð401 Lourie, Alan D.Ð73 Lebowitz, Alan D.Ð367 Liff, Stewart F.Ð481 Love, Laurence J.Ð264 Lebryk, DavidÐ441 Lih, Marshall M.Ð616 Love, Margaret C.Ð328 Ledbetter, KennethÐ581 Limon, LaviniaÐ264, 265 Love, Phyllis A.Ð581 Ledogar, StephenÐ679 Lincoln, Michel E.Ð268 Lovejoy, Thomas E.Ð716 Lee, Clarence A. (Pete), Jr.Ð78 Lindbaek, JannikÐ740 Lovelace, Gail T.Ð565 Lee, Deborah R.Ð173 Lindberg, Donald A.B.Ð269 Lovell, EllenÐ91 Lee, Deidre A.Ð582 Lindburg, John A.Ð685 Lowe, Carl J.Ð368 Lee, Duane RexÐ78 Lindholm, Mary LouÐ635 Lowery, MaryÐ208 Lee, Janice DunnÐ625 Lindrew, GeraldÐ367 Lowey, JacquelineÐ401 Lee, L.G.Ð210 Lindsay, MarkÐ97 Lowrance, SylviaÐ506 Lee, Leamon M.Ð269 Lindsey, BruceÐ90 Lowrey, Barbara R.Ð552 Lee, NancyÐ439 Lindsey, David E.Ð552 Loy, James M.Ð403 Lee, P.M.Ð211 Lindsey, Richard R.Ð652 Lubchenco, JaneÐ615 Lee, Robert E.Ð481 Lindsey, S. MarkÐ406 Lubick, Donald C.Ð441 Lee, Yvonne Y.Ð681 Lindstrom, KurtÐ583 Lucas, Gerald R.Ð162 Leeds, John G.Ð407 Lineberger, Joe G.Ð192 Lucas, Stephen M.Ð485 Legrand, C.M.Ð208, 210 Lingebach, JamesÐ441 Lucero, Carlos F.Ð72 Lehman, Bruce A.Ð148 Linnertz, Anne M.Ð613 Luciano, George A.Ð427 Lehman, Dayton, Jr.Ð402 Lino, Marisa R.Ð395 Lucke, Lewis W.Ð696 Lehman, RonaldÐ381 Linton, Gordon J.Ð408 Luckern, Paul J.Ð699 Lehman, William J.Ð78 Lipp, Ronald F.Ð484 Ludenia, KristaÐ485 Leik, Charles A.Ð518 Lippold, K.S.Ð207 Ludwig, BillÐ109 Leino, Jeanette M.Ð517 Lipset, Seymour MartinÐ735 Ludwig, Eugene A.Ð442, 529 Lem, Howard C.Ð470 Lipton, DavidÐ439 Luedtke, Thomas S.Ð582 Lemons, Stephen L.Ð473 Liss, SusanÐ94 Luftig, Stephen D.Ð507 Lenfant, Claude J.M.Ð270 Lister, James M.Ð440 Lujan, KennethÐ669 Lenkowsky, LeslieÐ498 Lister, Sara E.Ð193 Luken, BonnieÐ110 Lennon, JohnÐ684 Litman, David J.Ð402 Lukins, Scott B.Ð558 Leonard, CarlÐ696 Litt, David C.Ð396 Lundsager, MargretheÐ440 Lerner, CharlesÐ367 Little, DavidÐ735 Luther, Michael R.Ð581 Lerner, PatriciaÐ696 Little, FrancineÐ269 Luttig, J. MichaelÐ71 Lesher, R. SchuylerÐ308 Little, Irene P.Ð627 Luttner, Mark A.Ð507 Leshner, Alan I.Ð269 Littles, J. WayneÐ583 Lyles, LesterÐ224 Leshy, John D.Ð307 Litton, PaulÐ157 Lyman, PrincetonÐ389 LeTendre, Mary JeanÐ244 Livingood, Wilson L.Ð25 Lynch, Joseph G.Ð207 Letourneau, Darla J.Ð366 Livingston, George E.Ð552 Lynch, LowellÐ696 Lett, DavidÐ276 Livingston, RobertÐ716 Lynch, PeterÐ53 Leval, Pierre N.Ð70 Lloyd, James D.Ð582 Lynch, Sandra L.Ð70 Leverenz, Ruth A.Ð404 Lockard, J.A.Ð210 Lynch, Thomas F.Ð193 Levin, EdwardÐ146 Locken, Carl M., Jr.Ð446 Lynn, LarryÐ224 Levin, NaomiÐ512 Lockhart, Annabelle T.Ð366 Lynn, William J., IIIÐ173 Levine, LynnÐ699 Lockhart, JosephÐ93 Lyon, GeorgeÐ263 Levine, Mitchell A.Ð444 Lodal, Jan M.Ð172 Lyons, JamesÐ109 Levins, B. MichaelÐ622 Loddo, JosephÐ668 Lyons, John T.Ð445 Levitsky, MelvynÐ395 Loeb, Bernard S.Ð622 Levitt, ArthurÐ652 Loftus, Jill VinesÐ208 M Levitt, Michael A.Ð143 Loftus, Robert E.Ð599 Lew, GingerÐ661 Loftus, Thomas A.Ð396 Mabry, Earl W., IIIÐ191 Lew, Jacob J.Ð99 Logan, MarkÐ453 Mabry, JudithÐ472 Lew, WallaceÐ512 Loiello, John P.Ð685 MacDonald, Alexander E.Ð161 Lewis, AnnÐ90 Loken, James B.Ð72 MacDonald, JeffÐ611 Lewis, AnneÐ104 Lombardi, JoanÐ264 MacDonald, Kathleen M.Ð368 Lewis, CathyÐ243 London, Paul A.Ð145 MacFarlane, Randall H.Ð538 Lewis, Charlene R.Ð485 Long, BruceÐ99 MacGregor, Ian D.Ð616 Lewis, Clarence E., Jr.Ð705 Long, Oliver K.Ð527 Machiz, Marc I.Ð365 Lewis, Donald J.Ð616 Long, Ronald C.Ð657 Machmer, FrederickÐ696 Lewis, Eleanor RobertsÐ143 Long, Timothy W.Ð442 MacIntyre, Kerry J.Ð193 Lewis, GeorgeÐ696 Long-Thompson, JillÐ109 MacKenzie, Donald R.Ð696 Lewis, J. Christopher, Jr.Ð442 Longanecker, David A.Ð244 Mackey, Peter B.Ð558 Lewis, LorraineÐ635 Longest, Henry L., IIÐ508 Mackie, Bert H.Ð704 Lewis, Robert J.Ð409 Longuemare, Noel, Jr.Ð172 MacKinlay, W.A.Ð231 Lewis, Spencer H., Jr.Ð517 Looney, William R., IIIÐ239 MacNab, RonaldÐ140 Lewis, TerryÐ264 Lopatkiewicz, TedÐ622 Maco, Paul S.Ð653 Lewis, Timothy K.Ð70 Lopez, Arthur A.Ð408 Mactas, David J.Ð270 836 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Maddox, BarbaraÐ147 Marshall, Andrew W.Ð172 McCarthy, Robert E.Ð685 Maddox, Charles C.Ð643 Marshall, EraÐ717 McCartney, JohnÐ158 Mader, David A.Ð445 Marshall, Sheryl R.Ð558 McCaskill, AlexiaÐ578 Magaw, John W.Ð442 Marshall, Thurgood, Jr.Ð94 McClain, Gretchen W.Ð582 Magaziner, IraÐ91, 104 Marshall, William P.Ð93 McCleary, Richard L.Ð459, 460 Magby, Clinton O.Ð406 Marti-Volkoff, SergeÐ527 McCloud, David J.Ð174 Magill, Frank J.Ð72 Martin, Boyce F., Jr.Ð71 McCluskey, Susan D.Ð542 Magnus, R.Ð211 Martin, JohnÐ382 McCoch, Paul J.Ð484 Maguire, Michael A.Ð581 Martin, Marsha PyleÐ520 McConnell, James M.Ð652 Maguire, ThomasÐ157 Martin, Paul K.Ð83 McCool, Paul J.Ð484 Maguire, Yvonne D.Ð705 Martin, RodneyÐ669 McCormick, Richard M.Ð184 Mahley, DonaldÐ679 Martin, Thomas T.Ð626 McCowan, LeonÐ276 Mahon, Joseph J., Jr.Ð705 Martin, William E.Ð147 McCown, Thomas A., Jr.Ð439 Mahoney, James A.Ð518 Martinez, CharlesÐ386 McCoy, Helen T.Ð193 Mahsetky, MichaelÐ268 Martinez, Eluid L.Ð307 McCoy, R.E.Ð229 Maillett, Louise E.Ð404 Martinez, GeorgeÐ157 McCracken, Alfred P.Ð191 Maisto, John F.Ð396 Martinez, RicardoÐ407 McCready, SheilaÐ195 Maizel, RoyÐ581 Martinez, RodolfoÐ516 McCree, Victor M.Ð625 Makris, James L.Ð507 Martz, Lester D.Ð453 McCurry, MichaelÐ91 Malcom, Shirley M.Ð615 Marwell, EmilyÐ443 McDermott, Frank V.Ð372 Maldon, AlphonsoÐ92 Marx, Robert W.Ð145 McDermott, James J.Ð610 Malia, ShirleyÐ366 Mason, BillÐ94 McDevitt, Michael A.Ð238 Malishenko, Timothy P.Ð184 Mason, Gregory L.Ð484 McDonald, Danny L.Ð533 Mallery, Gilbert O.Ð613 Mason, Walter B.Ð447, 529 McDonald, Gail C.Ð409 Malloy, Eileen A.Ð396 Massaro, Linda P.Ð617 McDonald, HenryÐ583 Malone, Claudine B.Ð553 Masten, Charles C.Ð365 McDonald, WayneÐ659 Malone, Jerry L.Ð405 Master, WarrenÐ567 McDonnell, BrianÐ367 Malone, Michael D.Ð92 Masters, Beth A.Ð583 McDonnell, ErinÐ639 Maloney, Frank W.Ð161 Mastroianni, TheodoreÐ366 McDonnell, John F.Ð553 Malott, John L.Ð396 Mata, AdolfoÐ270 McDonnell, PatrickÐ404 Malphrus, Stephen R.Ð552 Matarazzo, PatrickÐ517 McDonnell, Richard J.Ð409 Malphurs, Frederick L.Ð470 Mather, Susan H.Ð472 McDonough, Francis A.Ð567 Manasse, GabrielÐ471 Matheson, Michael J.Ð388 McDonough, William J.Ð553 Mande, Jerold R.Ð266 Mathews, Sylvia M.Ð90 McDuffie, Susan L.Ð517 Mandel, StevenÐ365 Mathiasen, KarenÐ440 McDuffy, PatÐ696 Mangano, Michael F.Ð263 Matsui, Doris O.Ð92 McFadden, Nancy E.Ð401 Manilow, LewisÐ684 Matter, Robert W.Ð226 McFarland, Lynne A.Ð533 Manion, Daniel A.Ð72 Matteson, Thomas T.Ð409 McFarland, Patrick E.Ð635 Manley, Joseph M.Ð487 Matthews, Cynthia C.Ð512 McFarlane, Carolyn S.Ð442 Mann, John L., Jr.Ð408 Mattingly, J. Virgil, Jr.Ð552, 553 McGaffigan, Edward, Jr.Ð625 Mann, Michael B.Ð581 Mattis, James N.Ð172 McGarry, John WarrenÐ533 Mannix, John G.Ð582 Mattos, Abel J.Ð78 McGhee, WillieÐ602 Mansanares, Robert J.Ð381 Mattson, MarieÐ716 McGinty, Kathleen A.Ð95 Manser, Marilyn E.Ð368 Maurer, Alan T.Ð471 McGinty, Mark A.Ð385 Mansfield, R.E.Ð231 Maurer, Roy J.Ð402 McGinty, Michael D.Ð185 Manuel, HildaÐ308 Maviglio, StevenÐ676 McGinty, ThomasÐ158 Manuel-Alexander, BrendaÐ583 Mavridis, Lydia B.Ð472 McGowan, John F.Ð418 Manza, EdithÐ602 May, KerryÐ185 McGowan, Patrick K.Ð668, 670 Marabeti, HeatherÐ94 May, Laurie J.Ð507 McGrath, Elizabeth A.Ð83 Marachi, DenisÐ580 Maye, James A.Ð487 McGrath, JohnÐ242 Marcalus, VincentÐ716 Mayer, Charles N.Ð79 McGrath, Timothy B.Ð83 Marcelino, Juan MarcelÐ657 Mayer, Haldane RobertÐ73 McGraw, Jack W.Ð511 Marchick, DavidÐ146 Mayer, Jeffrey L.Ð145 McGrew, WesleyÐ440 Marchman, KevinÐ299 Mayhall, Jerry E.Ð482 McGuire, Anne E.Ð93 Marcuss, RosemaryÐ60 Maynard, Mark E.Ð483, 486 McGuire, KeithÐ624 Margeson, Diane V.Ð78 Maynes, BarryÐ602 McGuire, PaddyÐ307 Margolis, AndrewÐ548 Mayor, MaraÐ718 McGuire-Rivera, Bernadette A.Ð148 Margolis, DavidÐ327 Mazer, Roslyn A.Ð327 McHale, StephenÐ442 Margosian, EdwardÐ410 McAdams, JamesÐ328 McIntosh, Robert A.Ð185, 188 Mariano, James C.Ð157 McAleney, MaryÐ668 McKalip, H. DiehlÐ231 Maring, Gary E.Ð405 McAllister, Singleton B.Ð692 McKay, NancyÐ696 Markinson, MarleneÐ408 McAteer, J. DavittÐ365, 368 McKee, Alan R.Ð396 Markland, Kirk B.Ð441 McBride, EdwardÐ685 McKee, Theodore A.Ð70 Marks, James S.Ð266 McBride, FredÐ78 McKeever, Lester H., Jr.Ð552 Marks, Mark L.Ð549 McBride, PatrickÐ273 McKenzie, Thomas G.Ð520 Marks, MarvinÐ601 McCabe, Peter G.Ð79 McKeon, Mark H.Ð424 Markus, FeliciaÐ511 McCabe, William M.Ð511 McKeon, RobertÐ409 Markus, Kent R.Ð327 McCaffrey, Barry R.Ð102 McKinney, Philip L.Ð78 Marnell, GeorgeÐ487 McCall, Gene H.Ð185 McKinney, Robert C.Ð527 Maroni, Alice C.Ð173 McCall, Jerry C.Ð160 McKinny, JohnÐ385 Marquez, Awilda R.Ð146 McCall, Richard L., Jr.Ð691 McKlem, Patricia A.Ð480 Marquis, David M.Ð599 McCall, Thomas W.L., Jr.Ð183 McKoy, HenryÐ491 Marrero, FranciscoÐ668 McCann, Susan M.Ð669, 670 McLain, Celeste P.Ð613 Marrero, VictorÐ389 McCann, Vonya B.Ð389 McLarty, Thomas F., IIIÐ91 Marsh, DanielÐ473, 486 McCarthy, Cathy A.Ð78 McLaughlin, Daniel J.Ð146 Marsh, Elbert L.Ð616 McCarthy, J.D.Ð207 McLaughlin, Joseph M.Ð70 Marsh, HowardÐ378 McCarthy, John F.Ð264 McLaughlin, MaureenÐ244 NAME INDEX 837

McLaughlin, StephenÐ699 Mied, JamesÐ157 Montez, PhilipÐ682 McLaughlin, Susan G.Ð408 Mihelcic, RichardÐ445 Montgomery, Cheryl L.Ð327 McLaurin, John P., IIIÐ194 Milam, William B.Ð396 Montgomery, Edward B.Ð365 McLennan, NormanÐ699 Milanese, SylviaÐ369 Montgomery, FredÐ106 McLucas, William R.Ð652 Milbrandt, Charles A.Ð483 Montgomery, JohnÐ485 McMahon, Eileen M.Ð520 Milefich, Charles A.Ð238 Montoya, LubenÐ578 McManus, Charles J.Ð207 Miles, JohnÐ367 Montoya, PatriciaÐ273 McManus, James E.Ð471 Miles, Theodore A.Ð615 Moody, Corliss S.Ð252 McMichael, Guy H., IIIÐ470 Miller, Albert M.Ð299 Mooers, DonÐ643 McMillian, TheodoreÐ72 Miller, Denise L.Ð578 Moore, Alma BoydÐ193 McMullen, RichardÐ455 Miller, Franklin C.Ð172 Moore, Barbara S.P.Ð162 McMurray, RoseÐ406 Miller, Jeffrey L.Ð518 Moore, CorneliaÐ371 McNamara, Donald J.Ð427 Miller, Judith A.Ð173, 229 Moore, Dale E.Ð582 McNamara, KeithÐ733 Miller, Karen A.Ð305 Moore, George M., Jr.Ð486 McNamara, Robert M., Jr.Ð439 Miller, Laura J.Ð471 Moore, George S., Jr.Ð406 McNamara, StevenÐ242 Miller, Lorraine C.Ð559 Moore, Joseph L.Ð482 McNamara, Thomas E.Ð389 Miller, Marcia E.Ð699 Moore, JudyÐ267 McNamee, JamesÐ144 Miller, MeredithÐ367 Moore, Julia A.Ð615 McNeil, Patricia W.Ð244 Miller, MichaelÐ157 Moore, Karen NelsonÐ71 McNeill, MikeÐ567 Miller, Norman W.Ð659 Moore, Linda L.Ð93 McNulty, DavidÐ385 Miller, Patrick J.Ð717 Moore, Margaret M.Ð453 McPherson, Ronald D.Ð160 Miller, Paul StevenÐ511 Moore, MelindaÐ265 McPhillips, ReginaÐ267 Miller, R.J.Ð444 Moore, MinyonÐ92 McQueen, James T.Ð407 Miller, Richard P.Ð483 Moore, Stephanie Y.Ð682 McRae, Jerry G.Ð485 Miller, Richard S.Ð447 Moore, Thomas H.Ð495 McReynolds, JackÐ473 Miller, Robert H.Ð609 Moorman, Thomas S., Jr.Ð184 McSwain, Robert G.Ð268 Miller, WayneÐ442 Moose, GeorgeÐ388, 491 McSweeney, Thomas E.Ð404 Miller, William G.Ð396 Mora, Alberto J.Ð685 McTaggart, JohnÐ382 Mills, CherylÐ91 Morales, Jeffrey P.Ð401 McTeer, Robert D., Jr.Ð553 Mills, John A.Ð641 Morales, Pedro J.Ð270 McWherter, Ned R.Ð704 Milton, A. FennerÐ194 Moran, JohnÐ367 Mead, PatriciaÐ566 Mims, BradleyÐ404 Moran, Richard F.Ð459 Meadows, A. DavidÐ529 Min, Nancy-AnnÐ99 Moran, Thomas E.Ð518 Meadows, Bessie L.Ð327 Minarik, JosephÐ99 Morandini, WilliamÐ455 Means, Robert P.Ð471 Minehan, Cathy E.Ð553 Moravec, Jule D.Ð470 Mecham, Leonidas RalphÐ78 Miner, Douglas D.Ð486 Moravitz, CarlÐ441 Medford, Ronald L.Ð496 Minerva, Dana D.Ð506 More, Robert S.Ð307 Medina, Monica P.Ð147 Minihan, Kenneth A.Ð234 Moreland, Richard W.Ð146 Medina, RubensÐ53 Minor, Laura C.Ð78 Moreno, Gilberto MarioÐ242 Medley, TerryÐ110 Miraglia, Frank J., Jr.Ð626 Morey, Dennis E.Ð79 Meerbach, RaimondÐ158 Misciasci, FrankÐ192 Morford, ThomasÐ268 Megary, John F.Ð425 Mitchell, DennisÐ441 Morgan, Linda J.Ð411 Mehle, Roger W.Ð558 Mitchell, Graham R.Ð148 Morgan, PatÐ299 Mehuron, William O.Ð147 Mitchell, Howard J.Ð184 Morgan, Ronald E.Ð404 Meilstrup, Ronald V.Ð659 Mitchell, James P.Ð207 Morgan, Thomas K.Ð381 Meissner, DorisÐ328 Mitchell, John H.Ð266 Morgante, RichÐ445 Melander, EvertÐ472 Mitchell, John P.Ð446 Moritz, M. ClayÐ410 Mele, NicholasÐ685 Mitchell, R.M., Jr.Ð210 Morrell, David F.Ð717 Melton, SaraÐ157 Mitchell, RobertÐ382, 443 Morrell, RobertÐ482 Melzer, Thomas C.Ð553 Mitchell, Robert W.Ð648 Morris, Bill M.Ð626 Mendelowitz, Allan I.Ð518 Mitchell-Kernan, Claudia I.Ð615 Morris, Edward W., Jr.Ð405 Mendenhall, John M.Ð564 Mitnick, MonaÐ661 Morris, Hartwell H.Ð385 Mendoza, CarlosÐ669 Mize, D.M.Ð211 Morris, Russell D.Ð444 Menez, JosephÐ378 Mizrach, KennethÐ484 Morris, Stanley E.Ð438 Menger, Eve L.Ð615 Moakley, Robert F.Ð485 Morrison, BillyÐ445 Menoken, CassandraÐ512 Moberly, Candace E.Ð452 Morrison, Bruce A.Ð538 Mentz, Paul B.Ð408 Mocko, MadelineÐ264 Morrison, David L.Ð626 Menzel, Joerg H.Ð234, 679 Modzeleski, WilliamÐ244 Morse, J. Kenneth L.Ð511 Meredith, Robert P.Ð670 Moffitt, George M.Ð527 Morse, Linda E.Ð696 Merkowitz, JeffreyÐ263 Moffitt, Kristine A.Ð473 Morse, Phoebe D.Ð564 Merletti, Lewis C.Ð447 Moffitt, Robert J.Ð662 Mortl, Douglas F.Ð270 Merlin, PaulÐ549 Mojica, AngelÐ385 Moscato, Anthony C.Ð328 Merrill, David N.Ð395 Moler, Elizabeth AnneÐ252 Moser, DonÐ718 Merriman, William T.Ð470 Molitoris, Jolene M.Ð406 Moses, Alfred H.Ð396 Merriner, Robert L.Ð381 Molldrem, Vivikka M.Ð696 Moses, Donald G.Ð471 Merritt, Gilbert S.Ð71 Molzahn, William P.Ð207 Moses, Howard R.Ð243 Mesenbourg, Thomas L.Ð145 Monahan, JohnÐ262 Mosier, OliveÐ601 Mestas, JuanÐ602 Moneck, Michael A.Ð548 Moskow, Michael H.Ð553 Mesterharm, D. DeanÐ671 Money, Arthur L.Ð184 Mosley, CarolynÐ95 Metcalfe, Daniel J.Ð328 Mongini, ArrigoÐ407 Mosley, Raymond A.Ð589 Metzenbaum, Shelley H.Ð505 Monie, Russell D.Ð527 Mospan, Jo AliceÐ669 Meyer, John G., Jr.Ð195 Monk, MichaelÐ407 Moss, William C.Ð692 Meyer, Laurence H.Ð552, 553 Monks, LeeÐ445 Moton, Bobby A.Ð482 Michael, M. BlaneÐ71 Montague, WilliamÐ484 Mott, Michael I.Ð580 Michel, James H.Ð697 Montasser, Ali S.Ð582 Mott, RobertÐ264 Michel, Paul R.Ð73 Montero, Mario F., Jr.Ð196 Mottur, Ellis R.Ð146 Middleton, Harry J.Ð591 Montes, HenryÐ268 Motz, Diana GribbonÐ71 838 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Mouat, James W.Ð592 Natalicio, DianaÐ615 Novak, Patricia K.Ð487 Mount, DayÐ396 Nathanson, Marc B.Ð685 Novak, Vicki A.Ð583 Mowry, Patrick J.Ð367 Natter, RaymondÐ443 Novelli, CathyÐ107 Moxam, AndrewÐ162 Navarette, JohnÐ102 Novelli, MichaelÐ661 Moy, KirstenÐ438 Neal, BookerÐ331 Novick, RobertÐ106 Moynihan, Daniel PatrickÐ716 Neal, Homer A.Ð716 Nowell, Mary AnnÐ97 Mucho, GaryÐ624 Neal, R.I.Ð210 Nugent, Gary N.Ð485 Muchow, D.K.Ð209 Neal, Robert L., Jr.Ð172 Nunnally, JoeÐ486 Muellner, George K.Ð184 Nebhut, David H.Ð443 Nussel, Gregory A.Ð71 Mugford, Robin F.Ð157 Necessary, SandraÐ157 Nye, J. Benjamin H.Ð438 Muhlbauer, Albert A.Ð617 Neel, Roy M.Ð613 Nygaard, Richard LowellÐ70 Mularie, William M.Ð233 Neely, James R., Jr.Ð516 Nystrom, DavidÐ597 Muldoon, Thomas J.Ð49 Neely, Joseph H.Ð529 Mulhollan, DanielÐ53 Nelson, Arvada J.Ð268 O Mulholland, Kenneth L., Jr.Ð486 Nelson, CarolynÐ141 Mullen-Roth, Barbara A.Ð634 Nelson, Charles E.Ð735 O'Brian, David A.Ð365 Muller, Edward G.Ð685 Nelson, David A.Ð71 O'Brien, Daniel A.Ð439 Mulville, Daniel R.Ð580 Nelson, Eugene V.Ð517 O'Brien, JaneÐ446 Munk, Russell L.Ð439 Nelson, RichardÐ385 O'Brien, Michael F.Ð583 Munnell, Alicia H.Ð94 Nelson, Thomas G.Ð72 O'Brien, Thomas M.Ð549 Munsell, Elsie L.Ð208 Nemmers, Charles J.Ð405 O'Connell, Dennis M.Ð439 Munson, Margaret R.Ð228 Ness, SusanÐ523 O'Connor, David J.Ð506 Munson, SteveÐ684 Netherton, Charles R.Ð385 O'Connor, Frank J.Ð157 MunÄoz, GeorgeÐ440 Netherton, Darrell L.Ð578 O'Connor, J. DennisÐ717 Murden, WilliamÐ440 Nethery, John J.Ð184 O'Connor, Sandra A.Ð733 Murguia, JanetÐ92 Neufeld, JacobÐ191 O'Connor, Sandra DayÐ67, 72 Murnaghan, Francis D., Jr.Ð71 Neumann, Ronald E.Ð395 O'Hara, James E., IIIÐ266 Muro, SteveÐ483 Neusch, Michael W.Ð487 O'Laughlin, Margaret M.Ð699 Murphree, MaryÐ371 Neuschatz, AlanÐ146 O'Meara, John J.Ð558 Murphy, Billy D.Ð485 Newbold, G.S.Ð211 O'Neill, J. TimothyÐ538 Murphy, Daniel L.Ð600 Newburger, BethÐ565 O'Neill, JosephÐ268 Murphy, Darren L.Ð401 Newcomb, R. RichardÐ438 O'Neill, Joseph F.Ð268 Murphy, Diana E.Ð72 Newell, John D.Ð144 O'Neill, June E.Ð60 Murphy, Fran M.Ð472 Newell, Rex A.Ð386 O'Neill, StephaniaÐ270 Murphy, GeraldÐ438 Newell, StephenÐ367 O'Scannlain, Diarmuid F.Ð72 Murphy, JohnÐ441 Newman, ConstanceÐ716 O'Toole, Tara J.Ð252 Murphy, Kathryn B.Ð406 Newman, Jon O.Ð70 Oakley, Phyllis E.Ð388 Murphy, LeonÐ482 Newman, PaulineÐ73 Ochi, RoseÐ328 Murphy, Michael R.Ð72 Newquist, Don E.Ð699 Odgers, Everett G.Ð183 Murphy, Michael W.Ð482, 484 Newsome, StevenÐ717 Offen, Neil H.Ð577 Murphy, Patrick V., Jr.Ð402 Newton, David G.Ð396 Offutt, Susan E.Ð109 Murphy, Peter M.Ð207, 211 Newton, Lloyd W.Ð188 Ogden, David W.Ð327 Murphy, Robert J.Ð639 Newton, Michael A.Ð194 Ogden, John E.Ð472 Murphy, Robert P.Ð46 Newton, Verne W.Ð591 Oge, Margo T.Ð507 Murr, James C.Ð99 Ng, VincentÐ481 Ogilvie, Lloyd J.Ð25 Murr, Thomas W., Jr.Ð495, 496 Ng, William H.Ð70 Ohlson, BrooksÐ157 Murray, Brenda P.Ð652 Nichols, JamesÐ408 Ohman, Earl R., Jr.Ð631 Murray, Florence R.Ð733 Nichols, Marvin W., Jr.Ð368 Ohring, GeorgeÐ161 Murton, Arthur J.Ð529 Nichols, Mary D.Ð507 Okay, JohnÐ566 Muscatine, AlisonÐ92 Nicogossian, Arnauld E.Ð581 Okin, Carol J.Ð635 Muse, Debra A.Ð194 Niemeyer, Paul V.Ð71 Okubo, SumiyeÐ145 Musick, TonyÐ445 Nightingale, Stuart L.Ð266 Okun, Steven R.Ð401 Musumeci, MaryAnnÐ484 Niles, Thomas M.T.Ð395 Olden, KennethÐ269 Muth, Christine C.Ð207 Nionakis, DimitriÐ93 Oldham, JamesÐ388 Mutter, C.A.Ð211 Nishan, Mark A.Ð442 Olds, SuzanneÐ696 Myers, David R.Ð424 Nissen, SpencerÐ505 Olin, DouglasÐ146 Myers, James PierceÐ648 Nitze, William A.Ð506 Oliver, AndreÐ643 Myrick, BismarckÐ396 Nixon, Frank P.Ð460 Oliver, D.T.Ð209, 210 Noble, Ann M.Ð372 Olivere, PeteÐ162 N Noble, Douglas G.Ð495 Olsen, David L.Ð183 Noble, Lawrence M.Ð533 Olsen, Margaret A.Ð207 Naccara, George N.Ð403 Noble, MikeÐ445 Olson, C. AllenÐ566 Nacht, MichaelÐ679 Nocks, James J.Ð471 Olson, Michael D.Ð483 Nackman, LeeÐ481 Noonan, JeanÐ520 Ondak, EdwardÐ433 Nagle, Robert K.Ð242 Nora, Audrey H.Ð268 Onodera, DonnaÐ381 Nagy, David A.Ð184 Norman, Alline L.Ð481 Opfer, GeorgeÐ534 Nagy, Tibor P., Jr.Ð395 Norred, C. FayeÐ481 Oppelt, Timothy E.Ð508 Nakano, StanÐ669 Norris, Alan E.Ð71 Orenstein, Walter A.Ð266 Nangle, John C.Ð373 Norris, GenieÐ388 Orr, Ann S. YoungÐ602 Nanos, G.P., Jr.Ð209, 210 Norry, Patricia G.Ð627 Orr, LoisÐ368 Naparstek, ArthurÐ498 North, Robert C.Ð403 Orsini, Eric A.Ð193 Napper, Larry C.Ð396 North, WalterÐ696 Orski, Barbara K.Ð405 Nappi, PatrickÐ473 Norton, Amanda BryceÐ266 Ortenberg, ArthurÐ53 Nash, BobÐ90 Norton, Douglas R.Ð581 Oscar, Kenneth J.Ð194 Nash, D.J.Ð210 Norton, Gary W.Ð443 Osman, H.P.Ð211 Nash, Patricia A.Ð581 Norton, GeorgeÐ156 Ostensen, A. GeorgeÐ405 Nassen, Regina HartÐ327 Norwood, Robert L.Ð583 Oster, J.W.Ð211 NAME INDEX 839

Osteryoung, Janet G.Ð615 Patrick, ErlineÐ661 Phillips, A. MartinÐ404 Oswald, Stephen S.Ð582 Patterson, Anne W.Ð395 Phillips, ChristopherÐ735 Otero, MariaÐ577 Patton, Dorothy E.Ð508 Phillips, DonaldÐ107 Ottero-Cesario, RaisaÐ439 Patton, Larry T.Ð265 Phillips, John F.Ð172 Ouseley, Jill K.Ð438 Patton, Nancy LinnÐ146 Phillips, John J.Ð484 Ouzts, Phillip A.Ð158 Patton, Robert J., Jr.Ð408 Phillips, John T.Ð382 Overstreet, Cornele A.Ð609 Paugh, JonÐ148 Phillips, Samuel W.Ð71 Overton, Glen W.Ð575 Paul, Billy M.Ð669, 670 Phillips, Susan M.Ð552, 553 Owen, Gus A.Ð411 Paul, William E.Ð269 Phillips, William K.Ð668 Owen, JonathanÐ686 Pauls, Lloyd A.Ð53 Pianalto, AntonellaÐ661 Owen, MarcÐ409 Paulsen, Linda L.Ð244 Picard, HelenÐ685 Owens, Franklin C.Ð583 Paxton, J.J.Ð207 Piche, Gordon G.Ð403 Paxton, SallyÐ93 Pickens, DavidÐ446 P Payne, YvonneÐ480 Pierce, Raymond C.Ð243 Payton, Gary E.Ð582, 583 Pierce-Shields, DeborahÐ372 Pace, PeterÐ173 Peach, J. DexterÐ46 Pilgrim, DianneÐ717 Pachter, MarcÐ716 Peak, Gary D.Ð482, 483 Pincus, Ann T.Ð684 Packwood, James D., Jr.Ð517 Pearce, Norma J.Ð183 Pine, David J.Ð581 Padilla, AlbertÐ379 Pearson, L. JayÐ575 Pineda, RobertoÐ385 Padilla, Jose D.Ð443 Pearson, WilliardÐ696, 697 Pinn, Vivian W.Ð269 Padua, MilaÐ602 Pease, Don J.Ð613 Pinson, Tracey L.Ð195 Pahmeyer, John A.Ð517 Pease, K.Ð207, 210 Pinzler, Isabelle K.Ð328 Paige, Emmett, Jr.Ð173 Peasley, CarolÐ691 Pipkin, James H.Ð307 Paisner, Alan M.Ð384 Peck, Robert A.Ð567 Pippen, Harvey G.Ð506 Palank, Joseph A.Ð49 Peddicord, Charlotte G.Ð78 Pirie, Robert B., Jr.Ð208 Palast, Geri D.Ð366 Pedigo, KeithÐ473 Pirnie, AbbyÐ567 Palguta, JohnÐ578 Pelegrin, LydiaÐ78 Pirotte, Steve J.Ð442 Palm, L.M.Ð211 Pell, Richard, Jr.Ð487 Pisani, John M.Ð409 Palman, Glen K.Ð78 Pelovitz, StevenÐ267 Pitofsky, RobertÐ559 Palmer, David B.Ð459 Pemberton, Ronald R.Ð481 Pittack, Cyril J.Ð648 Palmer, H. BernardÐ472 Pendarvis, Jessalyn L.Ð691 Pitts, Nathaniel G.Ð615 Palmer, JamieÐ486 Pendergast, MaryÐ266 Plager, S. JayÐ73 Palmer, RobertÐ679 Pendergrast, DellÐ685 Plaisted, Joan M.Ð396 Palmer, Steven O.Ð402 Pennoyer, StevenÐ161 Planty, Donald J.Ð395 Palmer, Thomas E.Ð459, 460 PenÄa, FedericoÐ252 Planzer, Neil R.Ð404 Palmer, VictorÐ110 Pepper, Robert M.Ð523 Player, George C., IIIÐ162 Palmieri, JenniferÐ92 Perciasepe, BobÐ506 Plecinski, BruceÐ471 Pamerleau, Susan L.Ð191 Perdue, CharlotteÐ446 Pless, Richard J.Ð482 Panaro, Julie J.Ð518 Perez, Shirley A.Ð583 Plowden, William C., Jr.Ð385 Pane, GreggÐ471 Perian, George D.Ð472 Pluta, Paul J.Ð401 Panebianco, ThomasÐ545 Perlmutter, SandraÐ262 Podberesky, SamuelÐ402 Pang, Frederick F.Y.Ð173 Pernick, IrwinÐ474 Podesta, John D.Ð90 Pankey, Henry A.Ð705 Peroff, KathyÐ99 Poe, Patrick N.Ð420 Paone, Gabriele J.Ð308 Perry, Alan S.Ð485 Poe, RobertÐ483 Paone, Martin P.Ð25 Perry, Alfred H.Ð380 Poehlein, GaryÐ616 Papaj, Kenneth R.Ð446 Perry, GlennÐ244 PoePoe, AndrewÐ670 Paperiello, Carl J.Ð626 Perry, Leroy G.Ð668 Pohlman, RobinÐ483 Papovich, JosephÐ106 Perry, Loyd P.Ð527 Politz, Henry A.Ð71 Paprocki, B.J.Ð669 Pesachowitz, AlvinÐ506 Polking, Joseph C.Ð545 Paquin, NancyÐ268 Pete, Alfred S.Ð482 Poll, Wayne RobertÐ645 Park, MarilynÐ578 Peters, F. WhittenÐ229 Pollack, Gerald A.Ð145 Park, Peggy S.Ð184 Peters, Franklin G.Ð252 Pollitz, Karen L.Ð262 Park, Thomas E.Ð696 Peters, Gayle P.Ð592 Pollock, MamieÐ455 Parker, David B.Ð607 Peters, MarybethÐ53 Polly, Brian K.Ð567 Parker, Fred I.Ð70 Peterson, Charles W.Ð460 Pomeroy, Paul W.Ð625 Parker, GloriaÐ242 Peterson, David F.Ð589 Pompa, DeliaÐ244 Parker, KarenÐ158 Peterson, Don R.Ð267 Pompa, RobertÐ599 Parker, Lewis F.Ð560 Peterson, EugeneÐ427 Pope, Carol W.Ð542 Parker, Robert M.Ð71 Peterson, Gail E.Ð440 Pope, IrvinÐ385 Parker, Robert P.Ð145 Peterson, Malcolm L.Ð580 Popp, KarenÐ93 Parker, Robert W.Ð566 Peterson, MichelleÐ93 Porfilio, John C.Ð72 Parks, SamuelÐ385 Petkewich, John A.Ð567 Porras, M. RichardÐ705 Parle, James V.Ð634 Petrasic, KevinÐ447 Porter, Daniel E.Ð209 Parlow, Richard D.Ð147 Petree, David L.Ð592 Porter, DarrahÐ705 Parmenter, LesterÐ385 Petrick, James B.Ð558 Porter, Dorothy J.Ð516 Parnes, Lydia B.Ð559 Petrucci, JamesÐ543 Porter, JeffreyÐ157 Parris, Y.C.Ð480 Petschek, EvelynÐ445 Porter, Margaret J.Ð263, 266 Parrish, PatriciaÐ402 Petska, Thomas J.Ð244 Porter, Sue J.Ð266 Parrott-Fonseca, JoanÐ147 Pettis, DebbieÐ445 Porter, Terence L.Ð617 Parry, Robert T.Ð553 Petzel, Robert A.Ð471 Posey, Ada L.Ð97 Pascal, ChristopherÐ262 Pfeiffer, W. DeanÐ208 Posner, Richard A.Ð71 Pascarell, William A.Ð609 Phaup, MichaelÐ485 Poteet, AlÐ480 Pasden, Andrew J.Ð439 Phelan, John J., IIIÐ144 Potok, Nancy A.Ð145 Passero, Ronald P.Ð443 Phelan, Mitchell E.Ð50 Potter, Thomas D.Ð160 Patch, AllenÐ157 Phelps, Fred A.Ð207 Potts, Stephen D.Ð633 Patchan, JosephÐ328 Phelps, MarianneÐ244 Pouland, JohnÐ575 Patrick, Connie L.Ð444 Pheto, BeverlyÐ402 Poulos, William G.Ð650 840 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Powell, Earl A., IIIÐ718 Randolph, A. RaymondÐ70 Rhoads, LindaÐ402 Powell, Edward B., IIIÐ441 Rankin, Janet S.Ð384 Rhodes, Frank H.T.Ð615 Powell, Eileen T.Ð402 Rankin, Pamela E.Ð144 Rhodes, Rebecca R.Ð568 Powell, James L.Ð615 Ransom, David M.Ð395 Rhodes, Ronald S.Ð445 Powell, Lura J.Ð148 Raphel, Robin L.Ð389 Rhodes, WilliamÐ696 Powell, PatriceÐ601 Rapp, Roger R.Ð473 Rhome, Robert C.Ð581 Powell, Stephen J.Ð143 Rappaport, DonaldÐ244 Rhyne, Robert R.Ð481 Powers, David R.Ð193 Rascon, AlfredÐ659 Rice, CynthiaÐ93, 104 Powers, StephanieÐ366 Rase, Glen R.Ð395 Rice, Ray M.Ð444 Pregerson, HarryÐ72 Rasmussen, Gary J.Ð242 Rich, Giles S.Ð73 Prell, Michael J.Ð552, 553 Rasmussen, James L.Ð161 Richard, Joel C.Ð408 Prellezo, JorgeÐ624 Raspolic, ElizabethÐ395, 396 Richard, R. PaulÐ511 Presley, John M.Ð487 Ratchford, William R.Ð565 Richards, CharlesÐ366 Preuss, Peter W.Ð508 Rathbun, Dennis K.Ð625 Richards, Lori A.Ð652 Price, CarlÐ385 Ratliff, Gerri L.Ð327 Richards, T.R.Ð210 Price, James LeeÐ145 Raub, WilliamÐ263 Richardson, AngeliaÐ601 Prieto, BarbaraÐ157 Rauschkolb, RichardÐ191 Richardson, BillÐ96, 389, 396 Prieto, Claudio R.Ð244 Rawson, David P.Ð396 Richardson, DavidÐ715 Prince, JonathanÐ104 Ray, Frank D.Ð669 Richardson, Margaret MilnerÐ445 Prince, Norman E., Jr.Ð270 Raymond, Charles D.Ð365 Richardson, Mary AnnÐ366 Privett, Lee A.Ð402 Raynsford, RobertÐ193 Richardson, SallyÐ267 Privratsky, K.L.Ð231 Reagle, George L.Ð405 Riche, Martha FarnsworthÐ145 Proctor, AlanÐ559 Reardon, Francis E.Ð195 Richmond, Jonathan Y.Ð266 Proctor, H.L.Ð231 Reba, MariaÐ455 Richter, JohnÐ676 Promisel, Larry J.Ð552 Reback, Richard N.Ð307 Richwine, D.A.Ð211 Prosperi, PatriciaÐ403 Recht, Philip R.Ð407 Ricker, Nancy L.Ð381 Prunella, Warren J.Ð496 Redd, John S.Ð173 Riddell, R.A.Ð209 Ptak, Thomas J.Ð405 Redder, Thomas J.Ð669, 670 Rider, Robert F.Ð704 Pucciarelli, G.W.Ð211 Reddy, A.Ð486 Ridgway, Delissa A.Ð328 Pugh, Elizabeth A.Ð589 Redenbaugh, Russell G.Ð681 Rieff, Susan K.Ð307 Pugh, William H.Ð439 Redman, BruceÐ385 Riera, Timothy A.Ð517 Pugliese, Frank P., Jr.Ð566 Redway, William W.Ð518 Rigassio, JamesÐ157 Pugsley, Ronald S.Ð244 Reed, Bruce N.Ð91, 104 Riggin, PhilipÐ474 Pulitzer, CecilleÐ53 Reed, James S.Ð669 Riley, James C.Ð549 Purcell, James N., Jr.Ð742 Reed, Pearlie S.Ð110 Riley, Michael J.Ð705 Purdy, Donald A., Jr.Ð83 Reed, William H.Ð226 Riley, Richard P.Ð441 Purdy, G. MichaelÐ616 Reeder, Joseph R.Ð193 Riley, Richard W.Ð242, 498 Pusateri, Kenneth M.Ð503 Reese, George E.Ð583 Riley, Sandra R.Ð194 Puskin, DenaÐ268 Reeves, Edmond M.Ð581 Riley, William F.Ð443 Pye, RosemaryÐ608 Pyke, Thomas N., Jr.Ð147 Reeves, Richard A.Ð582 Rind, JoanÐ366 Pytel, ChristineÐ110 Reevey, Ramon J.Ð484 Ringler, MikeÐ685 Regan, Lynnda M.Ð270 Rinker, Lewis D.Ð583 Register, Ron H.Ð224 Rinkevich, Charles F.Ð444 Q Regula, Randolph L.Ð382 Riordan, Daniel W.Ð692 Rehnquist, William H.Ð67, 70, 73, 716 Ripetta, LindaÐ441 Quainton, Anthony C.E.Ð388 Reilly, Patrick W.Ð408 Rippe, Stephen T.Ð173 Quarterman, Cynthia L.Ð308 Reilly, Susan B.Ð517 Ripple, Kenneth F.Ð72 Quast, P.M.Ð210 Reimer, Dennis J.Ð173, 195 Riseberg, RichardÐ263 Quatrevaux, EdouardÐ715 Reinhardt, StephanÐ72 Risso, WilliamÐ269 Quello, James H.Ð523 Reinsch, William A.Ð145 Ritch, John B., IIIÐ396 Quick, George B.Ð407 Reis, Victor H.Ð252 Ritchie, Richard E.Ð385 Quick, H. Edward, Jr.Ð648 Reisner, Robert A.F.Ð705 Ritz, LindyÐ420 Quigley, Anne M.Ð566 Reitan, Tamzen C.Ð518 Riutta, Ernest R.Ð403 Quinn, Kenneth M.Ð395 Reiter, Berwyn A.Ð184 Riveles, StanleyÐ679 Quinn, MarkÐ670 Reiter, Lawrence W.Ð508 Rivera, CharlesÐ682 Quinton, NewellÐ473 Rell, Peter E.Ð377 Rivera, FannyÐ404 Quiroz, ArmandoÐ377 Remer, StewartÐ162 Rivers, StanleyÐ404 Quist, Edward E.Ð496 Remez, Shereen G.Ð565 Rivlin, Alice M.Ð552, 553 Rempt, R.P.Ð209 Roadman, Charles H., IIÐ185 R Render, ArleneÐ396 Roadway, Sharon L.Ð592 Reneau, DawnÐ443 Roark, Timothy P.Ð409 Rabb, Harriet S.Ð263 Renneckar, Victoria J.Ð453 Robbins, EdÐ472 Rabiej, John K.Ð79 Reno, JanetÐ327, 498 Roberts, Alan I.Ð410 Racine, KarlÐ93 Rensbarger, John W.Ð53 Roberts, LindaÐ242 Radd, VictoriaÐ90 Rentz, Henry H.Ð423 Roberts, MatthewÐ442 Rader, Randall R.Ð73 Reres, MattÐ194 Roberts, Thomas D.Ð470 Raff, Barry G.Ð482 Retsinas, Nicolas P.Ð299, 447, 529, Robertson, Linda L.Ð440 Raggio, Robert F.Ð184 538 Robilotti, Richard V.Ð382 Rahtes, JohnÐ527 Reukauf, William E.Ð639 Robin, Nancy R.Ð470 Raines, Franklin D.Ð99 Reut, Katrina W.Ð368 Robinson, Bobby H.Ð109 Raines, Marvin D.Ð145 Rey, Nicholas A.Ð396 Robinson, Brenda M.Ð543 Raiser, Molly M.Ð388 Reyes, Luana L.Ð268 Robinson, David L.Ð552 Ralston, Joseph W.Ð173 Reynolds, DwightÐ669 Robinson, Dwight P.Ð299 Ramos, Joe A.Ð486 Reynolds, Richard V.Ð184 Robinson, JohnÐ366 Ramsay, William C.Ð395 Reynoso, CruzÐ681 Robinson, June M.Ð365 Randa, NancyÐ141 Rhame, Thomas G.Ð231 Robinson, LaurieÐ328 Randall, J. MalcomÐ481 Rhinesmith, AlanÐ99 Robinson, MichaelÐ717 NAME INDEX 841

Robinson, PercyÐ143 Rothwell, GregÐ445 Sapp, John W.Ð50 Robinson, R. TownsendÐ78 Rough, RichardÐ407 Sargeant, Douglas H.Ð160 Robinson, ReginaldÐ327 Roussel, Judith A.Ð662 Sargent, David P.Ð209 Robinson, Richard F.Ð480 Rovner, Ilana DiamondÐ72 Sartori, Jane L.Ð529 Robinson, Robert G.Ð265 Rowe, John P.Ð516 Sasser, JimÐ395 Robinson, RonaldÐ624 Rowney, ClydeÐ486 Satcher, DavidÐ265 Robinson, SandraÐ265 Roy, J. StapletonÐ396 Satin, Lewis AnthonyÐ327 Robinson, William A.Ð268 Roy, Manik RatanÐ505 Sato, MitsuoÐ739 Robles, AlfonsoÐ455 Rozell, CynthiaÐ696 Saul, Elward L.Ð208 Robyn, DorothyÐ104 Rubin, Robert E.Ð53, 96, 438, 645 Saunders, MichaelÐ407 Rock, C. RussellÐ381 Rubin, Vera C.Ð615 Saunders, Norman T.Ð418 Rodenhausen, Patricia M.Ð372 Rubinoff, IraÐ717 Savage, Joyce E.Ð518 Rodgers, John M.Ð404 Rubinoff, RobertaÐ717 Savoy, Marie S.Ð406 Rodgers, Patricia M.Ð46 Rudmann, CynthiaÐ141 Sawyer, David A.Ð173 Rodman, GeorgeÐ483 Rudo, Dianne S.Ð518 Sawyer, Kenneth J.Ð459, 460 Rodriguez, AlexÐ441 Rudolph, LawrenceÐ615 Scalia, AntoninÐ67, 71 Rodriguez, DavidÐ516 Rueger, James S.Ð195 Scanlon, JohnÐ378 Rodriguez, LulaÐ685 Rufe, Roger T.Ð418 Scardino, JenniferÐ652 Rodriguez, Rita M.Ð518 Ruff, Charles F.Ð91 Scates, SusanÐ446 Rodriguez, RogelioÐ659 Ruffin, JohnÐ269 Scavia, DonaldÐ147 Roe, Jack W.Ð626 Runolfson, Beverly J.Ð208 Schaefer, MarkÐ307 Roeder, Douglas W.Ð442 Runstad, Judith M.Ð553 Schaefer, William J., Jr.Ð209 Roehm, Jeffrey R.Ð453 Runyon, MarvinÐ704, 705 Schaeffer, Eric V.Ð506 Roehmer, JohnÐ566 Rush, Henri F.Ð411 Schaeffer, Teresita C.Ð388 Rogers, Aubrey A.Ð668 Rush, Jeffrey, Jr.Ð692 Schafer, George H.Ð78 Rogers, BobÐ498 Rushmore, RichardÐ191 Schafer, Robert F.Ð599 Rogers, James E., Jr.Ð445 Rushton, E. WayneÐ442 Schagh, CatherineÐ244 Rogers, Judith W.Ð70 Russell, Catherine M.Ð327 Schall, Alvin A.Ð73 Rogers, KennethÐ145 Russell, Donald S.Ð71 Schambra, Philip E.Ð269 Rogers, Kenneth C.Ð625 Russell, ReeÐ158 Schaub, William C., Jr.Ð609 Rogers, KennithÐ624 Russomano, Gerard A.Ð244 Schechter, Claudia P.Ð308 Rogers, Leonard M.Ð691 Russoniello, Andrew A.Ð566 Schecter, DanÐ102 Rogers, NancyÐ602 Ruter, Philip E.Ð183 Scheinman, LawrenceÐ679 Rogers, RayÐ406 Rutledge, Peter J.Ð582 Schellenberg, CarlÐ404 Rogner, James S.Ð229 Ruud, BruceÐ378 Scher, PeterÐ106 Rogowsky, RobertÐ699 Ryan, James L.Ð71 Schewe, Donald B.Ð591 Rojas, Victor A.Ð440 Ryan, Mary A.Ð388 Schiffer, Lois J.Ð328 Rokke, Ervin J.Ð237, 735 Ryan, Michael E.Ð189 Schiffer, RobertÐ685 Rolston, HowardÐ264 Ryan, Norbert R., Jr.Ð207, 210 Schiffer, Robert L.Ð692 Rolufs, Larry E.Ð444 Ryan, RichardÐ385 Schimansky, H. JosephÐ542 Rom, Joanne E.Ð617 Rybicki, Stephen J.Ð409 Schimler, Edwin B.Ð409 Rominger, RichardÐ109 Ryder, Kenneth F.Ð447 Schimmoller, Vincent F.Ð423 Ronald T. SconyersÐ184 Rymer, Pamela A.Ð72 Schindel, Dennis S.Ð439 Rones, Phillip L.Ð368 Schleede, RonaldÐ622 Rooker, LeRoyÐ242 S Schlesinger, JoelÐ696 Roop, James M.Ð527 Schlesinger, Steven R.Ð79 Rosen, AmyÐ613 Sabin, Robert H.Ð483 Schlitt, LynÐ699 Rosen, RoslynÐ248 Sabine, YvonneÐ601 Schloss, Howard M.Ð441 Rosenbaum, JonÐ106 Sabulsky, Mary M.Ð470 Schlueter, RogerÐ378 Rosenberg, AndrewÐ161 Sachtleben, Paul L.Ð529 Schmalzbach, Kenneth R.Ð439 Rosenberg, Mark L.Ð266 Sack, Ronald L.Ð616 Schmeltzer, DavidÐ496 Rosengarden, Eugene A.Ð699 Saddler, DavidÐ208 Schmitt, AustinÐ545 Rosengren, TomÐ157 Saddler, JeanneÐ661 Schmitt, Rolf R.Ð410 Rosenstock, LindaÐ266 Sadowski, Christopher P.Ð453 Schmitten, Rolland A.Ð147, 161 Rosenthal, Dan K.Ð91 Saginaw, Jane N.Ð511 Schmitz, DianeÐ242 Rosenthal, HannahÐ273 Sahaj, Janet L.Ð408 Schmitz, Robert E.Ð617 Rosenthal, Neale H.Ð368 Salerno, Judith A.Ð471 Schmoll, KathrynÐ506 Rosewater, AnnÐ263 Salinas, EliazarÐ516 Schneeweis, Warren G.Ð403 Roslewicz, Thomas D.Ð263 Sallet, Susan LewisÐ523 Schneider, Andrea E.Ð645 Ross, Christopher W.S.Ð396 Salus, Naomi P.Ð538 Schneider, MarkÐ577, 691 Ross, Denwood F., Jr.Ð626 Samet, Andrew J.Ð366 Schneider, Paula J.Ð145 Ross, George E.Ð143 Sampas, Dorothy M.Ð396 Schoenauer, GeraldÐ406 Ross, Ian M.Ð615 Sampson, NeilÐ268 Schoenberg, MarkÐ567 Ross, Phillip J.Ð485 Samuel, WilliamÐ365 Schoenberger, James E.Ð299 Ross, Stephen M.Ð602 Samway, H. TerrenceÐ447 Schoettle, PeterÐ735 Rossides, Gale D.Ð442 San Roman, HerminioÐ684 Schofield, KennethÐ696 Rossio, GaryÐ481 Sanchez, Viola J.Ð242 Scholz, John KarlÐ441 Rostker, Bernard S.Ð208 Sandalow, DavidÐ95 Schoomaker, Peter J.Ð196 Rostow, VictoriaÐ440 Sander, Larry J.Ð482 Schooner, StevenÐ100 Roswell, Robert H.Ð471 Sanders, David G.Ð409 Schrage, BillÐ158 Rotar, KurtÐ483 Sanders, Robert L.Ð516 Schreiber, JayneÐ327 Roth, Jane R.Ð70 Sanders, Wade R.Ð208 Schroeder, Fredric K.Ð243 Roth, Stanley O.Ð735 Sanders, WilliamÐ507 Schroeder, JamesÐ109 Rothenberg, Joseph H.Ð583 Sanderson, Richard E.Ð506 Schroeder, Mary M.Ð72 Rothenberg, MarcÐ717 Sandoval, CatherineÐ523 Schroeder, Robert W.Ð93 Rothlisberger, ShirleyÐ143 Sanford, DeborahÐ381 Schub, JudyÐ645 Rothman, HelenÐ581 Santos, Robert N.Ð305 Schuerch, WilliamÐ440 842 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Schultz, Earl R.Ð385 Shalala, Donna E.Ð262, 498 Silvia, KennethÐ668 Schultz, James T.Ð425 Shalikashvili, John M.Ð96, 173 Simhan, NaraÐ483 Schultz, Robert W.Ð474 Shamwell, UlondaÐ270 Simms, Herman L.Ð408 Schultz, William B.Ð267 Shank, Fred R.Ð267 Simon, CherieÐ601 Schulz, William H.Ð402 Shanklin-Peterson, ScottÐ601 Simone, Albert J.Ð249 Schumacher, GusÐ109 Shannon, David L.Ð552 Simons, Thomas W., Jr.Ð396 Schutte, LoisÐ50 Shao, Lawrence C.Ð626 Simpson, Clay E.Ð262 Schwab, Paul M.Ð270 Shapiro, IraÐ106 Simpson, Daniel H.Ð395 Schwamberger, FrankÐ369 Shapiro, Irwin I.Ð717 Simpson, John P.Ð438 Schwartz, JimÐ484 Shapiro, MichaelÐ602 Simpson, KyleÐ252 Schwartz, Jonathan D.Ð327 Shapiro, Michael H.Ð507 Simpson, LisaÐ265 Schwartz, KennethÐ99 Shapiro, Robert A.Ð365 Simpson, M. Vern, Jr.Ð699 Schwartz, Lyle H.Ð148 Shapiro, Sandra H.Ð597 Sims, John H., Jr.Ð483 Schwartz, Rochelle K.Ð159 Sharfman, Stephen L.Ð648 Sinclair, John R.Ð307 Schwartz, SheldonÐ446 Sharma, D.K.Ð410 Sinclair, Stanley R.Ð473 Schwartz, Teresa M.Ð559 Sharp, F. RozierÐ609 Sinclair, StephenÐ685 Schwedt, MervynÐ367 Sharp, Ronald M.Ð609 Sindelar, JohnÐ567 Schwetz, Bernard A.Ð266, 267 Sharpe, Ralph E.Ð442 Singerman, Phillip A.Ð145 Sciortino, Franklin J.Ð668 Sharratt, Bryan E.Ð183 Sinks, John D.Ð368 Scirica, Anthony J.Ð70 Shattuck, JohnÐ388 Sirkin, Stuart A.Ð645 Sclafani, Joseph A.Ð144 Shaw, DennisÐ148 Sirri, Eric R.Ð652 Sclater, JeanneÐ661 Shaw, Leonard E., Jr.Ð385 Sisario, Kelly A.Ð589 Scott, Bettina M.Ð270 Shaw, Mary BethÐ441 Sisco, GaryÐ25 Scott, Bobby E.Ð460 Shea, Daniel F.Ð657 Sisk, P. DouglasÐ70 Scott, Donald L.Ð53 Shea, Donald W.Ð195 Sissenwine, MichaelÐ161 Scott, Edward P.Ð474 Shea, Marilyn K.Ð377 Sisson, H. MilesÐ385 Scott, Gerald W.Ð395 Shea, RajÐ156 Sivertsen, Sharon PowersÐ530 Scott, James S.Ð610 Shea, ThomasÐ93 Skelly, Thomas P.Ð242 Scott, JohnÐ670 Sheaks, O.J.Ð679 Skelton, KarenÐ92 Scott, MarshaÐ91 Shearer, DerekÐ395 Skidmore, HarryÐ382 Scotton, FrankÐ685 Shedletsky, JackÐ527 Skirboll, Lana R.Ð269 Scragg, Keith A.Ð659 Sheehan, Daniel F.Ð418 Skolfield, MelissaÐ263 Scroggins, Joe, Jr.Ð545 Sheketoff, EmilyÐ367 Slater, Rodney E.Ð401, 613 Seal, JohnÐ645 Shelton, L. RobertÐ407 Slavet, Beth S.Ð578 Seale, Robert L.Ð626 Shelton, SallyÐ691 Slavkin, Harold C.Ð269 Searing, MarjoryÐ146 Shepard, VickiÐ264 Slawsky, Toby D.Ð70 Seaux, J. GilbertÐ635 Sheppard, AudreyÐ267 Sloan, R. Stedman, Jr.Ð486 Seelman, Katherine D.Ð243 Sher, Linda R.Ð607 Sloane, Ann BrownellÐ577 Segal, EliÐ498 Sherman, BruceÐ685 Slocombe, Walter B.Ð172, 735 Segal, Phyllis N.Ð542 Sheron, BrianÐ626 Slosson, Marylee M.Ð626 Seidel, Milton J.Ð444 Shields, Anne H.Ð307 Sloviter, Dolores KormanÐ70 Seidel, StanleyÐ385 Shields, Robert A.Ð481 Small, MichaelÐ327 Seidel, StuartÐ443 Shinn, David H.Ð395 Smedley, Elizabeth E.Ð252 Seidman, EllenÐ104 Shinseki, Eric K.Ð195 Smialek, AnthonyÐ432 Seiler, Edward H.Ð486 Shiplett, Myra HowzeÐ78 Smith, ArtÐ481 Seipler, RussÐ624 Shipley, DavidÐ93 Smith, BarbaraÐ717 Seitz, John S.Ð507 Shire, Donald S.Ð365 Smith, Carol A.Ð193 Seitz, PatriciaÐ102 Shocas, Elaine K.Ð388 Smith, Carolyn J.Ð661 Self, CharlesÐ566 Shoob, MarkÐ243 Smith, Catherine L.Ð481 Sellers, David A.Ð78 Shores, Janie L.Ð733 Smith, Craig T.Ð90 Sellschopp, VavieÐ158 Short, ThomasÐ669 Smith, Curtis J.Ð635 Seltzer, ElizabethÐ699 Shriber, Donald E.Ð265 Smith, DallasÐ109 Seltzer, HowardÐ263 Shrontz, Frank A.Ð716 Smith, Dane Farnsworth, Jr.Ð396 Selves, MichaelÐ194 Shulte, Harry E.Ð184 Smith, Daniel C.Ð406 Selya, Bruce M.Ð70 Shumacher, John D.Ð583 Smith, David M.Ð542 Semerjian, Hratch G.Ð148 Shutler, P.F.Ð211 Smith, David N.Ð674 Semler, Robert J.Ð377 Siebert, DennisÐ267 Smith, DennisÐ483 Senatore, Charles V.Ð657 Siebert, Thomas L.Ð396 Smith, Douglas W., Sr.Ð483 Sendejo, JesseÐ669 Siegel, Judith S.Ð685 Smith, Eleanor H.Ð367 Senich, DonaldÐ616 Siegel, Karen K.Ð78 Smith, Harold P., Jr.Ð172 Sentelle, David BryanÐ70 Siegel, Lloyd H.Ð472 Smith, HenryÐ242 Sergek, Stephen M.Ð447 Siegel, RichardÐ607 Smith, Janet A.Ð645 Serino, Robert B.Ð443 Siegman, Charles J.Ð552 Smith, Jean K.Ð396 Service, Robert E.Ð396 Sielen, Alan B.Ð506 Smith, JeanneÐ401 Settle, Norval D.Ð262 Siewert, JakeÐ104 Smith, Jerome F., Jr.Ð240 Seward, G. DaleÐ441 Sigman, Charles L.Ð97 Smith, Jerry EdwinÐ71 Seward, Julia W.Ð553 Sigmund, Anne M.Ð684 Smith, JimmyÐ446 Seymour, Edward E.Ð405 Silber, Jacqueline E.Ð625 Smith, John L.Ð669 Seymour, Stephanie K.Ð72 Silberman, Deborah F.Ð538 Smith, John W.Ð483 Seymour, ThomasÐ367 Silberman, Laurence H.Ð70 Smith, KarlaÐ625 Sgro, Charles J.Ð327 Siler, Eugene E., Jr.Ð71 Smith, Kermit C.Ð268 Shadburn, JanÐ109 Sills, JoeÐ744 Smith, KimberlyÐ194 Shaffer, Jay C.Ð559 Silver, Richard A.Ð481 Smith, Marilyn W.Ð498 Shaffer, Lisa R.Ð583 Silverman, DanielÐ608 Smith, Marshall S.Ð242 Shaffer, Richard L.Ð207 Silverman, Stanley M.Ð685 Smith, MartinÐ699 Shaffer, Stephen M.Ð684 Silverman, Stephen B.Ð91 Smith, Mary LouiseÐ735 Shaheen, Michael E., Jr.Ð328 Silvey, Patricia W.Ð369 Smith, MichelleÐ441 NAME INDEX 843

Smith, Nancy M.Ð653 Spriggs, EdwardÐ696 Stocker, John C.Ð459, 460 Smith, Pamela H.Ð685 Spruill, EugeneÐ403 Stockton, David J.Ð552 Smith, Patrick F.Ð144 St.Clair, Beverly M.Ð495 Stoehr, Eldon W.Ð520 Smith, Patti GraceÐ404 St. Louis, NoreenÐ676 Stoiber, Carlton R.Ð625 Smith, Paul R.Ð685 St. Onge, Robert J., Jr.Ð203 Stoiber, Susanne A.Ð263 Smith, R. GrantÐ396 Staarman, WilliamÐ382 Stoll, Louise FrankelÐ402 Smith, Richard M.Ð523 Staats, KarenÐ382 Stolpman, PaulÐ507 Smith, Richard NortonÐ591 Stachnik, WalterÐ653 Stone, GoldialuÐ482 Smith, Robert H.Ð718 Stackhouse, Nancy D.Ð470 Stordahl, Dean R.Ð481 Smith, Roland E.Ð520 Stadnik, Andrew G.Ð496 Story, BettyeÐ485 Smith, Stephanie A.Ð299 Stafford, Russell G.Ð191 Stott, Robert F.Ð486 Smith, TerryÐ403 Stahl, Michael M.Ð506 Stout, Donald E.Ð481 Smith, TomÐ445 Stahl, Norman H.Ð70 Stout, Larry D.Ð444 Smith, TyraÐ162 Stai, James L.Ð669 Strader, George H.Ð262 Smith, VirginiaÐ378 Stajduhar, PeterÐ485 Straight, RosemarieÐ559 Smith, W. DavidÐ481 Stamps, Quanah C.Ð662 Stram, KennethÐ661 Smith, W. DouglasÐ233 Standefer, Richard B.Ð470 Strange, A. KeithÐ705 Smith, WilliamÐ224 Stanley, C.L.Ð211 Strasfeld, IvanÐ367 Smock, David R.Ð735 Stanley, Elaine G.Ð506 Strasheim, FrankÐ382 Smokovich, Michael T.Ð444 Stanley, Richard J.Ð484 Straub, Chester J., Jr.Ð146 Smoot, Stephen P.Ð158 Staples, JohnÐ445 Straub, EileenÐ484 Smuland, DonaldÐ140 Stapleton, Walter K.Ð70 Strauss, David M.Ð94 Smulkstys, IngaÐ109 Starek, Roscoe B., IIIÐ559 Strauss, ThomasÐ158 Snabel, Paul M.Ð453 Starkey, J.R. (Bob)Ð460 Strawn, George O.Ð616 Snider, DixieÐ265 Starkey, Norman B.Ð582 Streaker, RebaÐ611 Snow, James B., Jr.Ð269 Starks, OraÐ440 Streb, Paul G.Ð578 Snyder, MichelleÐ267 Starr, BarbaraÐ679 Streett, StephanieÐ90 Sobel, Sylvan A.Ð82 Stavern, Thomas N.Ð527 Streitfeld, Victoria A.Ð559 Socarides, RichardÐ92 Steele, Ana M.Ð601 Stricker, Jerome A.Ð558 Sofer, EugeneÐ499 Steele, JonÐ705 Stringer, George T.Ð183 Sokolik, FrankÐ267 Steele, KathleenÐ273 Strong, B.D.Ð209 Solomon, Richard H.Ð735 Steele, M.R.Ð211 Strong, Edwin G.Ð377 Solow, Robert M.Ð615 Steele, William M.Ð196 Stroud, Elizabeth W.Ð144 Somerville, Walter R.Ð403 Steenland, Peter R., Jr.Ð327 Strubbe, Thomas F.Ð71 Sommer, IrvingÐ631 Steer, John R.Ð83 Struble, Russell E.Ð487 Sondik, Edward J.Ð266 Stegman, Michael A.Ð299 Stuart, RodÐ157 Sonnenberg, Gail G.Ð705 Steidle, Craig E.Ð184, 209 Stuart, Sandra K.Ð173 Sopper, Dale W.Ð671 Steiger, Janet D.Ð559 Stubblefield, William L.Ð147, 162 Sorensen, GretchenÐ670 Stein, Daniel D.Ð676 Stubbs, Jerald D.Ð191 Sosnik, Douglas B.Ð91 Stein, JosephÐ185 Studemeister, MargaritaÐ735 Soteros, GeorgeÐ157 Stein, Paul E.Ð192 Studley, Jamienne S.Ð243 Sottile, SueÐ445 Stein, Thomas F.Ð495 Stussie, William A.Ð208 Souleyret, MargaretÐ183 Steinberg, Donald K.Ð395 Stutsman, Jane T.Ð617 Soulsburg, Marilyn A.Ð459 Steinberg, James B.Ð92, 96, 388 Suarez, RodolfoÐ159 Soulsby, Gary P.Ð527 Steiner, StevenÐ679 Suazo, PeterÐ518 Souter, David H.Ð67, 70 Stelle, William W., Jr.Ð161 Suda, Robert E.Ð566 Southwick, E. MichaelÐ396 Stellingworth, RobertÐ453 Suhrheinrich, Richard F.Ð71 Spade, J. DavidÐ418 Stephens, Robert M.Ð582 Suiter, Lacy E.Ð535 Spalatin, IvoÐ679 Stephenson, AllenÐ669 Sullivan, AlanÐ92 Spann, DavidÐ157 Stephenson, Stanley P.Ð384 Sullivan, Carmen J.Ð529 Sparks, Cathlynn B.Ð183 Stern, Gary H.Ð553 Sullivan, Cornelius W.Ð615 Sparks, Phillip L.Ð145 Stern, ToddÐ91 Sullivan, Frank W.Ð473 Spaulding, SandraÐ244 Sterner, G.R.Ð210 Sullivan, Jane L.Ð441 Spayd, PhilipÐ455 Stevens, David P.Ð472 Sullivan, M.P.Ð208 Speakes, Larry M.Ð705 Stevens, John PaulÐ67, 71 Sullivan, MargaretÐ299 Speakman, V.M., Jr.Ð649 Stevens, T.F.Ð210 Sullivan, Michael J.Ð484 Spear, Bruce D.Ð410 Stevens, William E.Ð183 Sullivan, RobertÐ471 Spears, David D.Ð493 Stevenson, Todd A.Ð495 Sullivan, Robert M.Ð382 Spedden, PaulÐ446 Stewart, C. GregoryÐ512 Suloff, DonaldÐ162 Speigel, John M.Ð185 Stewart, Carl E.Ð71 Sumaya, CiroÐ262 Speight, Nancy A.Ð542 Stewart, J.D.Ð211 Summers, Francis, Jr.Ð226 Spellman, A.B.Ð601 Stewart, JanitaÐ669 Summers, Lawrence H.Ð438 Spencer, John W.Ð408 Stewart, John T.Ð396 Sundlof, Stephen F.Ð267 Sperberg, Robert J.Ð193 Stewart, Lawrence C.Ð481 Sundro, Linda G.Ð615 Sperling, GeneÐ91, 96, 104 Stewart, LeliaÐ567 Sunley, Judith S.Ð615 Spero, DeborahÐ443 Stewart, Roy J.Ð523 Sunoo, Jan Jung-MinÐ549 Spero, Joan E.Ð388 Stewart, Sonya G.Ð144 Sunshine, Philip L.Ð615 Spetrini, Joseph A.Ð146 Stice, AbeÐ485 Surina, John C.Ð533 Spicer, RoyÐ470 Stillman, Neil J.Ð263 Suter, William K.Ð67 Spiegel, Jayson L.Ð194 Stillman, Robert D.Ð692 Sutton, DavidÐ507 Spiegelberg, FrankÐ446 Stinger, William D.Ð481 Sutton, Jeffrey E.Ð582 Spielvogel, CarlÐ685 Stirmer, JosephÐ523 Sutton, Michael H.Ð652 Spillenkothen, Melissa J.Ð402 Stith, E. MelodeeÐ308 Sutton, OzellÐ331 Spillenkothen, RichardÐ552 Stitt, Judith A.Ð626 Sutton, SandraÐ670 Spitler, WilliamÐ157 Stock, AnnÐ93 Sutton, Steven V.Ð192 Spons, GunarsÐ407 Stockdale, Earl H., Jr.Ð194 Suyat, Stanley D.Ð643 Spotila, John T.Ð661 Stockdale, EllenÐ442 Suzuki, Bob H.Ð615 844 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Svartz, Steven H.Ð542 Thomas, Bruce R.Ð459 Tochen, David K.Ð401 Svenningsen, RobertÐ592 Thomas, ChristopherÐ743 Toiga, Theresa A.Ð267 Swanson, RussellÐ367 Thomas, ClarenceÐ67, 72 Toiv, Barry J.Ð93 Swart, DanÐ157 Thomas, David F.Ð404 Tomaso, JudithÐ445 Swatzell, RoyÐ473 Thomas, Donald J.Ð191 Tomasso, Marie M.Ð517 Swedin, KrisÐ661 Thomas, Edward L.Ð408 Tomb, MarkÐ209 Sweedler, Barry M.Ð622 Thomas, Gordon B.Ð158 Tomchek, DebraÐ441 Sweeney, JamesÐ679 Thomas, H. FrankÐ599 Tompkins, Charles L.Ð208 Swerdzewski, JosephÐ542 Thomas, JamesÐ433 Tomsen, PeterÐ395 Swihart, James W., Jr.Ð396 Thomas, John C.Ð565 Toner, John J.Ð607 Swing, William L.Ð396 Thomas, John D., Jr.Ð196 Toole, Joseph S.Ð405 Switzer, James R.Ð453 Thomas, PhillipÐ485 Toomey, TerryÐ141 Swope, Richard T.Ð184 Thomas, R. AnneÐ269 Topolewski, William J.Ð566 Swygert, H. PatrickÐ249 Thomas, Ralph C., IIIÐ582 Torkelson, Jodie R.Ð91 Syah, Raphael G.Ð229 Thomas, Richard O.Ð208 Torres, Esteban E.Ð716 Sykes, DonaldÐ264 Thomas, Scott E.Ð533 Torruella, Juan R.Ð70 Sykes, James E.Ð380 Thomas, Sidney R.Ð72 Toscano, J.Ð499 Szalai, Kenneth J.Ð584 Thomas, Solly J., Jr.Ð542 Toulson, Clifton, Jr.Ð669 Szczebak, Francis F.Ð79 Thomas, William M.Ð53 Townsend, William F.Ð581 Thomasson, Patsy L.Ð91 Toy, Charles D.Ð692 T Thome, Lilian T.Ð485 Tozzi, John T.Ð403 Thompson, David R.Ð72 Trabucco, Thomas J.Ð558 Tabb, WinstonÐ53 Thompson, Diane V.Ð266 Tracey, Patricia A.Ð209, 210 Tacha, Deanell ReeceÐ72, 83 Thompson, FredÐ597 Trafton, Wilbur C.Ð582 Tackett, NancyÐ474 Thompson, Harold P.Ð262 Tramontina, Michael L.Ð305 Talbott, StrobeÐ388 Thompson, Henry R.Ð645 Trandahl, JeffÐ25 Tambakis, PaulÐ157 Thompson, Hugh L., Jr.Ð626 Trapanotto, GingerÐ327 Tant, Hugh B., IIIÐ193 Thompson, Joe M.Ð565 Trapp, Kenneth R.Ð717 Tapia, Richard A.Ð615 Thompson, John C.Ð739 Trapp, Lansford E., Jr.Ð184 Taplin, MarkÐ685 Thompson, John H.Ð470 Travers, EleanorÐ485 Tarnoff, PeterÐ388 Thompson, JosephÐ485 Travis, DanielÐ385 Tarplin, Richard J.Ð262 Thompson, Lawrence L.Ð299 Treat, Charles F.Ð144 Tarullo, Daniel K.Ð91, 104, 389 Thompson, Marjorie K.Ð543 Treichel, James A.Ð409 Tashima, A. WallaceÐ72 Thompson, Moya BenoitÐ264 Tremain, Ralph R.Ð609 Tate, DanielÐ93 Thompson, Mozelle W.Ð438 Trentacoste, Michael F.Ð405 Tate, Glenda M.Ð402 Thompson, NormanÐ264 Tretler, David A.Ð238 Tatel, David S.Ð70 Thompson, Patricia J.Ð401 Trietsch, Veronica D.Ð242 Taub, Joel C.Ð404 Thompson, Roger G.Ð193 Trilling, Donald R.Ð402 Taylor, Donald E.Ð527 Thompson, SteveÐ157 Triplett, Jack E.Ð145 Taylor, Francis X.Ð191 Thompson, W. ScottÐ735 Triplett, Richard D.Ð583 Taylor, FrankÐ487 Thomson, Charles R.Ð453 Tropea, Joseph S.Ð659 Taylor, HelenÐ264 Thomson, JamesÐ669 Trott, Stephen S.Ð72 Taylor, James M.Ð565 Thomson, MikeÐ439, 441 Trotter, RobertÐ443, 455 Taylor, Jane A.Ð270 Thomson Reed, Anne F.Ð110 Trovato, E. RamonaÐ507 Taylor, JesseÐ331 Thoresdale, John L.Ð649 Trower, WilliamÐ480 Taylor, Lawrence P.Ð395 Thornton, D. McCartyÐ263 Troy, Samuel P.Ð157 Taylor, LewÐ141 Thornton, Elizabeth M.Ð512 Trujillo, Michael H.Ð268 Taylor, LucretiaÐ696 Thornton, StephanieÐ161 Trujillo, Thomas A.Ð471 Taylor, Preston M., Jr.Ð366 Thornton, TraceyÐ93 Truman, Edwin M.Ð552, 553 Taylor, Quentin S.Ð404 Thorsland, Edgar, Jr.Ð481 Tsuya, Stephen Y.Ð527 Taylor, Robert E.Ð578 Thrasher, Richard C.Ð470 Tucker, DanielÐ473 Taylor, T.W.Ð194 Threlkeld, Billy R.Ð385 Tucker, Edgar L.Ð482 Taylor, ThelmaÐ516 Thurm, KevinÐ262 Tull, AnnÐ157, 158 Taylor, Thomas B.Ð418 Thurman, SandraÐ104 Tull, JohnÐ715 Taylor, Willie R.Ð308 Thurmond, StromÐ25 Tull, John E., Jr.Ð493 Teas, JeffreyÐ482, 483 Thurston, Jeffrey W.Ð566 Turbov, MindyÐ538 Teehan, Daniel W.Ð373 Tidmore, James L.Ð267 Turnbo, BeverlyÐ276 Teeson, Douglas H.Ð418 Tighe, Kathleen S.Ð566 Turner, James R.Ð379 Telesetsky, WalterÐ160 Tighe, ThomasÐ643 Turner, John E.Ð420 Ten Eyck, Elizabeth Q.Ð626 Tilley, Kimberly H.Ð94 Turnquist, C. JohnÐ207 Tendick, Donald L.Ð493 Tilling, D.L.Ð209 Turpin, FrankÐ407 Tenet, George J.Ð96, 492 Tillman, MichaelÐ161 Tvardek, StephenÐ440 Tennant, John A.Ð696 Tilma, Teddy G.Ð191 Twining, Charles H.Ð395 Ternes, AnneÐ577 Timberlake, HarveyÐ158 Tychan, Terrance J.Ð262 Terrell, MichaelÐ95 Timmons, Richard F.Ð196 Tynes, Victor H., Jr.Ð653 Terrill, RichardÐ382 Timoney, Joan M.Ð643 Tyson, CarolÐ696 Terry, JoyceÐ382 Tinsley, Nikki L.Ð506 Tevelin, David I.Ð734 Tinsley, TuckÐ247 U Thacker, P. GeraldÐ78 Tippets, WayneÐ482 Thacker, Stephen B.Ð266 Tirone, AnthonyÐ267 Uccellini, Louis W.Ð160 Theimer, John L.Ð527 Tirozzi, Gerald N.Ð244 Ucelli, LorettaÐ505 Theros, Patrick N.Ð396 Tisch, LaurenceÐ53 Uhalde, Raymond J.Ð366 Thibault, Michael J.Ð226 Tischler, BonniÐ443 Uhlig, Marylouise M.Ð507 Thomas, Adrienne C.Ð589 Tisone, A. AnthonyÐ208 Ullrich, George W.Ð232 Thomas, Alan R.Ð147, 161 Tisor, Darrell J.Ð425 Ulmer, Dorothy J.Ð402 Thomas, Arthur S.Ð185 Tjoflat, Gerald B.Ð73 Ulrich, PeterÐ581 Thomas, BrendaÐ685 Tobin, P.E., Jr.Ð209 Ulsamer, Andrew G.Ð496 NAME INDEX 845

Umansky, David J.Ð716 Villalobos, RickÐ157 Walters, Gregory B.Ð72 Umhofer, PeterÐ95 Villareal, Manuel J.Ð380 Walters, JaneÐ600 Umminger, Bruce L.Ð616 Vincent, Geoffrey H.Ð582 Walters, Tome H., Jr.Ð184 Umscheid, Rudolph K.Ð705 Vincent, William E.Ð410 Walthall, SusanÐ661 Underkofler, Joseph M.Ð484 Viola, BethÐ95 Walton, James C.Ð705 Underwood, CandiceÐ485 Virgilio, MartinÐ625 Walton, Michael W.Ð485 Underwood, Gloria L.Ð517 Vita, Andrew L.Ð442 Walz, Richard E.Ð517 Upschulte, Phillip P.Ð183 Vitela, Gerald T.Ð482, 484, 486 Ward, George F., Jr.Ð396 Urbik, L.W.Ð233 Vittone, JohnÐ365 Ward, John H.Ð705 Urrutia, Jorge R.Ð148 Vladeck, Bruce C.Ð267 Ward, MikeÐ643 Ustad, Ida M.Ð567 Vogel, John L.Ð160 Ward, PamelaÐ158 Vogel, Linda A.Ð262 Warden, Janice L.Ð671 V Vogel, R. JohnÐ473, 486 Ware, LouiseÐ473 Vogel, Ralph H.Ð685 Ware, Thaddeus V.Ð401 Vagner, Charles W.Ð79 Vogelgesang, Sandra L.Ð396 Wargo, John R.Ð705 Vaitukaitis, Judith L.Ð269 Vogt, BarbaraÐ566 Warnat, Winifred I.Ð244 Valakis, Strat D.Ð558 Voles, Lorraine A.Ð94 Warner, Edward L., IIIÐ172 Valdez, AntonioÐ669 Vollrath, Frederick E.Ð195 Warren, AtkinsÐ331 Valentine, Barry L.Ð403, 404 Von Seggern, John L.Ð447 Warren, RosemaryÐ145 Valentine, BillyÐ485 Voultsides, Basil E.Ð382 Warren, WayneÐ472 Valentine, Nancy M.Ð472 Voytko, Leo, Jr.Ð388 Warren, WesleyÐ95 Valenzuela, DavidÐ577 Vuich, GingerÐ409 Warrington, George D.Ð613 Valenzuela, Marco A.Ð385 Warthin, T. WhittierÐ440 Valiulis, Henry M.Ð650 W Washington, Leonard, Jr.Ð485 Van Arsdale, GeneÐ669 Washington, Miles S., Jr.Ð406 Van de Water, Paul N.Ð60 Wachtenheim, GeorgeÐ696 Washington, Warren M.Ð615 Van Duizend, RichardÐ734 Waddell, HowardÐ365 Washington, William E.Ð543 Van Helden, RonaldÐ366 Wade, Barbara B.Ð578 Wasserman, Donald S.Ð542 Van Heuvelen, Robert I.Ð506 Wade, Craig G.Ð706 Watchman, GregoryÐ367 Van Horn, Hugh M.Ð616 Wadsworth, Douglas B.Ð486 Waters, Jacqueline A.Ð699 Van Riper, DianneÐ242 Wager, Robert J.Ð495 Watkins, DaytonÐ109 Van Riper, P.K.Ð212 Wagner, C. ElizabethÐ445 Watkins, RolandÐ611 Van Sprang, Robert P.Ð484 Wagner, Frank D.Ð67 Watkins, ShirleyÐ110 Van Woerkom, RichardÐ622 Wagner, G. MartinÐ567 Watson, DaveÐ624 Van Zelst, LambertusÐ717 Wagner, G.F.A.Ð210 Watson, Fred L.Ð473 VanBrakle, Bryant L.Ð545 Wagner, Thomas R.Ð486 Watson, Montgomery D.Ð482 Vandenberg, Linda F.Ð566 Wainwright, Joan E.Ð671 Watson, RonÐ446 VanderClute, Robert C.Ð613 Waitzkin, MichaelÐ93 Watson, SharonÐ367 Vanderhye, Margaret G.Ð597 Wakid, ShukriÐ148 Watson, William R.Ð529 VanVechten, JoAnnÐ668 Walch, Timothy G.Ð591 Wattenmaker, RichardÐ717 Varanasi, UshaÐ161 Walcoff, MichaelÐ487 Watts, AnnÐ158 Varga, Steven A.Ð626 Wald, Patricia M.Ð70 Watts, Donald E.Ð263 Vargo, Franklin J.Ð146 Waldman, Daniel R.Ð493 Watts, NickiÐ184 Vargo, ReginaÐ146 Waldman, Michael A.Ð91 Wax, Diane S.Ð269 Vargyas, Ellen J.Ð512 Waldron, Alan E.Ð567 Wayland, Robert H., IIIÐ507 Varholy, Stephen J.Ð581 Walker, Ann F.Ð92 Wayland, Susan H.Ð507 Varmus, Harold E.Ð268 Walker, E. MartinÐ382 Wayne, ChristopherÐ93 Varney, Christine A.Ð559 Walker, Edward S.Ð395 Weatherford, Stephen R.Ð305 Vassar, Lori Y.Ð439 Walker, Edwin L.Ð264 Weaver, D. VanessaÐ92 Vatis, Michael A.Ð327 Walker, HiramÐ408 Weaver, Kimberly A.Ð542 Vaughan, G.D.Ð209 Walker, Jenonne R.Ð395 Weaver, ThomasÐ481 Vaughn, GeraldÐ157 Walker, John M., Jr.Ð70 Webb, HaroldÐ668 Vaughn, JacquelineÐ267 Walker, LannonÐ395 Webber, Paul R., IVÐ147 Vecchietti, Michael J.Ð406 Walker, Richard H.Ð652 Weber, MarkÐ270 Veeder, RobertÐ445 Walker, Richard L.Ð409 Weber, RandyÐ109 Vega, DavidÐ159 Walker, Robert M.Ð193 Weber, Thomas A.Ð616 Vega, KristineÐ643 Walker, RonaldÐ718 Wedekind, Jeffrey D.Ð607 Vega, Louis A.Ð639 Walker, RoseÐ193 Weech, PaulÐ661 Veghts, NicholasÐ600 Walker, Roslyn A.Ð717 Weeker, J.T.Ð705 Vela, SylviaÐ264 Walker, Suzanne W.Ð193 Weeks, Linda L.Ð46 Veneman, Wayne E.Ð369 Walker, William G.Ð237 Wehrum, John, Jr.Ð378 Venneberg, Donald L.Ð565 Wall, Robert H.Ð453 Weiler, Todd A.Ð194 Venneri, Samuel R.Ð580 Wallace, DavidÐ602 Weiner, RobertÐ93 Verburg, Edwin A.Ð404 Wallace, JamesÐ486 Weinstein, AllenÐ735 Verburg, Harriet D.Ð646 Wallace, James H., Jr.Ð717 Weinstein, JayÐ446 Verheggen, Theodore F.Ð549 Wallace, Lewis S., Jr.Ð237 Weinstein, KennethÐ407 Vermut, Robert S.Ð406 Wallace, Sondra S.Ð263 Weinstein, Paul, Jr.Ð104 Verner, DougÐ599 Wallman, Kathleen M.Ð92, 104 Weintrob, Lawrence H.Ð401 Vernikos, JoanÐ581 Wallman, Steven M.H.Ð652 Weirich, Richard D.Ð705 Verveer, MelanneÐ90 Walls, David W.Ð480 Weis, John R.Ð552 Vesely, David L.Ð185 Walsh, Edward PatrickÐ545 Weisberg, Stuart E.Ð631 Viadero, Roger C.Ð110 Walsh, James J.Ð460 Weise, GeorgeÐ443 Viccellio, Henry, Jr.Ð188 Walsh, Martin A.Ð331 Weiss, RitaÐ408 Vickers, PhebeÐ99 Walsh, Michael J.Ð365 Weiss, Steven J.Ð443 Viglione, David A.Ð527 Walsh, William H., Jr.Ð407 Weissenbach, KarlÐ591 Vigotsky, Timothy G.Ð444 Walter, Judith A.Ð443 Welch, Betty S.Ð208 Vilella, J. EnriqueÐ158 Walters, DavidÐ106 Welch, Brian D.Ð582 846 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Welch, DavidÐ389 Wilimzig, FrankÐ487 Wiseman, Donald L.Ð401 Welch, Robert A.Ð441 Wilk, RobertÐ473 Wisner, Frank G.Ð396 Wellbery, BarbaraÐ147 Wilken, Dale E.Ð423 Wisniewski, Richard J.Ð582 Welles, JudithÐ645 Wilker, Lawrence J.Ð718 Withrow, Mary EllenÐ441 Wells, Curtis A.Ð609 Wilkins, William W., Jr.Ð71 Withycombe, William C.Ð420 Wells, James D.Ð527 Wilkinson, Gary L.Ð482 Witt, James LeeÐ534 Wells, John CalhounÐ548 Wilkinson, James Harvie, IIIÐ71 Witt, Steven F.Ð367 Wells, Linton, IIÐ172 Wilkinson, John F., Jr.Ð617 Witters, John W.Ð558 Wells, PeterÐ486 Wilkinson, Sharon P.Ð395 Wofford, HarrisÐ498 Wells, SamuelÐ718 Willette, W. GailÐ648 Wohlleben, PaulÐ506 Wells, WinsomeÐ577 Williams, AaronÐ696 Wolf, Marjorie SueÐ471 Welsh, MurrayÐ601 Williams, AnneÐ696 Wolfe, JaniceÐ669 Wendling, FredÐ617 Williams, BobÐ264 Wolfe, LarryÐ567 Werking, George S., Jr.Ð368 Williams, CarlaÐ481 Wolfensohn, James D.Ð740, 742 Wertenberger, Virgil M.Ð483 Williams, Carol W.Ð264 Wolff, Eliza M.Ð472 Wesolowksi, Robert J.Ð583 Williams, Christine G.Ð265 Wolin, NealÐ439 Wessel, Richard P.Ð657 Williams, CindyÐ60 Wollman, Roger L.Ð72 West, Donald L.Ð611 Williams, DaleÐ645 Womack, JohnÐ407 West, GordonÐ696 Williams, David C.Ð671 Won, Delmond J.H.Ð545 West, John C.Ð270 Williams, Deborah L.Ð307 Wong, Mark W.Ð511 West, R.L.Ð211 Williams, Dennis P.Ð262 Wong, MarshallÐ718 West, RichardÐ224 Williams, Floyd L., IIIÐ446 Wood, Alice L.Ð482 West, Togo D., Jr.Ð193 Williams, Gerald L.Ð485 Wood, Bryan H.Ð207 West, W. Richard, Jr.Ð717 Williams, Henry N.Ð659 Wood, Diane P.Ð72 Westbrooks, James A.Ð583 Williams, HomerÐ443 Wood, Helen M.Ð161 Westerback, Lisa A.Ð144 Williams, JosephÐ485 Woodcock, JanetÐ267 Westley, JohnÐ696 Williams, Julie L.Ð443 Woodruff, DickÐ601 Wexler, DanielÐ93 Williams, Karen J.Ð71 Woodruff, Elizabeth S.Ð558 Wharton, L. CaroleÐ716 Williams, Kaye F.Ð653 Woods, FrankÐ156 Whatley, DavidÐ481 Williams, LarryÐ482 Woods, Robert J.Ð566 Whatley, GrahamÐ146 Williams, Lester L., Jr.Ð385 Woodward, Joseph M.Ð365 Woolever, Gerald F.Ð403 Wheat, Yolanda TownsendÐ599 Williams, Louis J.Ð582 Woolford, James E.Ð507 Wheeler, BrianÐ147 Williams, Luther S.Ð617 Woolley, Leslie A.Ð529 Wheeler, Donald J.Ð46 Williams, MichaelÐ473 Wooten, JimmyÐ453 Wheeler, Michael K.Ð483 Williams, P.D.Ð212 Woteki, CatherineÐ109 Wheeler, Russell R.Ð82 Williams, Patricia HillÐ577 Wright, D.L.Ð231 Whitaker, R. ReedÐ592 Williams, PaulaÐ268 Wright, Frederick G.Ð406 White, BarryÐ99 Williams, Robert J.Ð307 Wright, Julian (Skip), Jr.Ð161 White, Bayla F.Ð244 Williams, Roger P.Ð401 Wright, L. ChristopherÐ53 White, Bettie L.Ð583 Williams, SidneyÐ395 Wright, Lloyd E.Ð110 White, EvelynÐ262 Williams, StanleyÐ386 Wright, Ora T.Ð382 White, James E.Ð372 Williams, Stephen F.Ð70 Wright, Richard N.Ð148 White, James K.Ð145 Williams, Susan L.Ð578 Wright, William G.Ð487 White, John A., Jr.Ð615 Williams, TimothyÐ487 Wroblewski, Jonathan J.Ð83 White, John P.Ð172 Williams, Vernon A.Ð411 Wueste, Edward A.Ð423 White, Maurice E.Ð78 Williams, Wesley Samuel, Jr.Ð716 Wurschmidt, Leo C.Ð473 White, Pamela B.Ð79 Williams, William H.Ð229 Wyant, Dennis R.Ð482 White, PaulÐ697 Williams-Bridger, Jacqueline L.Ð388 Wyman, LuciaÐ93 White, PaulaÐ367 Williams-Kimbrough, BerniceÐ516 Wytkind, Lorraine McHughÐ91 Whitehead, A. FrankÐ227 Wilson, AndyÐ458 Whitehead, John C.Ð553 Wilson, Jimmy H.Ð191 Whitehead, Robert E.Ð582 Wilson, John E.Ð299 Y Whitener, Mark D.Ð559 Wilson, Johnnie E.Ð195 Whitfield, Gary R.Ð484 Wilson, LarryÐ661 Yalowitz, Kenneth S.Ð395 Whiting, Ronald G.Ð365 Wilson, MiltonÐ669 Yarborough, Margaret S.Ð485, 487 Whitman, Leon J., Jr.Ð423 Wilson, Nancy J.Ð471 Yarbrough, C.V.Ð472 Whitsett, Linda A.Ð631 Wilson, Richard D.Ð507 Yarowsky, JonathanÐ93 Whitson, James A.Ð483 Wilson, Ronald E.Ð597 Yates, John M.Ð395 Whitten, J. DavidÐ685 Wilson, Ronald L.Ð158 Yeager, Brooks B.Ð308 Whittington, Gary L.Ð439 Wilson, W. StanleyÐ147, 161 Yeakel, LynnÐ273 Whitworth, MyrnaÐ684 Winans, DennisÐ599 Yellen, Janet L.Ð94 Whyte, William E., Jr.Ð566 Winarsky, SusanÐ83 Yoest, Gerard P.Ð403 Wichlacz, C.R.Ð472 Windel, MarleneÐ527 York, Ralph D.Ð372 Widder, Joel M.Ð615 Winkler, Daniela R.Ð613 Yoshida, Phyllis GentherÐ148 Widener, H. Emory, Jr.Ð71 Winkler, Nina C.Ð244 Young, DorothyÐ542 Widnall, Sheila E.Ð183 Winn, Donald J.Ð552 Young, James D.Ð50 Wiebe, RobertÐ670 Winnick, Steven Y.Ð243 Young, JohnnyÐ396 Wielobob, KirstenÐ445 Winokur, Robert S.Ð147, 161 Young, Raymond L. (Buddy)Ð534 Wiemeyer, NormÐ624 Winston, Curtis A.Ð427 Young, Robert W.Ð193 Wiener, Jacques L., Jr.Ð71 Winston, Judith A.Ð243 Yozell, Sally J.Ð147 Wieting, JohnÐ384 Winter, Kenneth J.Ð581 Yturria, Frank D.Ð577 Wiker, Charles M.Ð225 Winter, Ralph K., Jr.Ð70 Wilcher, Shirley J.Ð367 Winters, SamÐ704 Z Wilcox, U. Vincent, IIIÐ718 Winwood, CharlesÐ443 Wildensteiner, Otto M.Ð401 Winzer, P.J.Ð580 Zaffos, GeraldÐ567 Wiles, William W.Ð552 Wirth, Timothy E.Ð388 Zagami, Anthony J.Ð49 Wiley, William B.Ð578 Wise, Pamela K.Ð408 Zaidman, StevenÐ405 NAME INDEX 847

Zak, MarilynÐ696 Ziegler, JayÐ106 Zok, James J.Ð409 Zallman, EricÐ696 Zieschang, Kimberly D.Ð368 Zoller, Norman E.Ð73 Zamora, CarolynÐ659 Zigrossi, Norman A.Ð674 Zonana, VictorÐ263 Zanfagna, P.E.Ð211 Zimble, James A.Ð240 Zook, Robert W.Ð183 Zare, Richard N.Ð615 Zimmerman, Dale G.Ð649 Zarnetske, Robert C.Ð410 Zimmerman, HarrietÐ735 Zoon, Kathryn C.Ð267 Zeck, VanÐ446 Zimmerman, Matthew A.Ð471 Zoulek, James R.Ð527 Zeidel, Diana L.Ð406 Zimmerman, Roy P.Ð626 Zsalman, Robert D.Ð208 Zeigler, David C.Ð367 Zimmerman, StanleyÐ453 Zubieta, Alberto AlemanÐ641 Zeigler, PriscillaÐ611 Zimney, Alexander J.Ð527 Zucker, Phyllis M.Ð265 Zelikow, Daniel M.Ð440 Zinser, Todd J.Ð401 ZunÄiga, LeonelÐ743 Zellweger, AndresÐ405 Zipp, Glenn A.Ð610 Zvinakis, DennisÐ696 Zemke, Thomas E.Ð442, 529 Zirkel, Frederick J.Ð560 Zetty, Thomas W.Ð144 Zirschky, John H.Ð193 Zwicker, DianeÐ455 Zia, Hoyt H.Ð143 Zlatoper, R.J.Ð210 Zwolenik, James J.Ð615 Ziegenhorn, Donald L.Ð484 Zobel, Rya W.Ð82 Zytcer, Sam Z.Ð518

AGENCY/SUBJECT INDEX

NOTE: This index does not include material appearing in Appendices A±C.

A Armed forcesÐ75, 172, 183, 193, 207, 659 Armed Forces Staff CollegeÐ239 Access board. See Architectural and Transportation Barriers Arms and munitionsÐ172, 183, 193, 207, 224, 232, 257, Compliance Board 258, 394, 452, 454, 503, 535, 679 AccountingÐ46, 153, 182, 226, 457, 461 Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, U.S.Ð679 Actuaries, Joint Board for the Enrollment ofÐ713 Army, Department of theÐ193 Administration. See other part of subject Army Corps of EngineersÐ203 Administrative. See other part of subject Army StaffÐ198 Advisory boards, committees, etc. See other part of subject Art, National Museum of AmericanÐ722 Advisory Council, FederalÐ557 Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NationalÐ580 Institute ofÐ286 African Art, National Museum ofÐ722 Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Interagency Coordinating African Development BankÐ739 CommitteeÐ711 African Development FoundationÐ491 Arts, National Endowment for theÐ602 AgedÐ126, 168, 273, 281, 286, 293, 377, 428, 502, 514, Arts and humanitiesÐ54, 57, 601, 689, 712, 713, 716 646, 650, 671 Arts and the Humanities, National Foundation on theÐ601 Agency. See other part of subject Asian Development BankÐ739 Aging, Administration onÐ273 Attorney GeneralÐ330 Aging, National Institute onÐ286 Audiovisual Center, NationalÐ168 Aging Information Center, NationalÐ293 AuditsÐ48, 189, 226, 312, 547 Agricultural Library, NationalÐ132 Automatic data processing. See Computer technology Agricultural Marketing ServiceÐ118 Automobiles. See Motor vehicles Agricultural Mortgage Corporation, FederalÐ522 Aviation. See Air transportation Agricultural Research ServiceÐ132 Aviation Administration, FederalÐ418 Agricultural Statistics Service, NationalÐ134 Agriculture, Department ofÐ109 B Agriculture and agricultural commoditiesÐ109, 522, 703 Agriculture Graduate School, Department ofÐ140 Baldrige National Quality Award, MalcolmÐ166 Air and Space Museum, NationalÐ721 Ballistic Missile Defense OrganizationÐ224 Air Force, Department of theÐ183 Bank. See other part of subject Air Force Academy, U.S.Ð192 BankruptcyÐ81 Air quality. See Environmental protection Banks and bankingÐ449, 450, 453, 457, 464, 518, 520, Air StaffÐ187 529, 538, 552, 599, 712, 714, 739, 740 Air transportationÐ183, 217, 413, 418, 419, 573, 580, 622, Battle Monuments Commission, AmericanÐ711 721 Bilingual educationÐ246 Airport developmentÐ418, 419 BiologicsÐ121, 279 Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute ofÐ286 BlindÐ59, 247, 673, 712 Alcohol and alcohol abuse. See Drugs and drug abuse Blind or Severely Disabled, Committee for Purchase From Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, Bureau ofÐ452 People Who areÐ712 Aliens. See Immigration; Refugees Board. See other part of subject Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute ofÐ287 Book, Center for theÐ58 Alternative Agricultural Research and Commercialization Botanic Garden, U.S.Ð44 CenterÐ118 Boundary rights and demarcationÐ747 Ambassadors to foreign countries. See Foreign service Bridges (See also Highways and roads)Ð416 American. See other part of subject Broadcasting. See Communications AmeriCorpsÐ499 Broadcasting Bureau, InternationalÐ686 AmeriCorps*National Civilian Community CorpsÐ501 Budget, FederalÐ60, 99 AmeriCorps*State and NationalÐ501 Buildings and facilities, FederalÐ43, 182, 203, 217, 565, AmeriCorps*VISTAÐ501 597 Ames Research CenterÐ586 Bureau. See other part of subject Amtrak. See Railroad Passenger Corporation, National Buses. See Common carriers Anacostia MuseumÐ720 Business and industry (See also Small businesses; Animal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceÐ121 Trade)Ð112, 113, 118, 124, 143, 158, 170, 255, 334, AntitrustÐ119, 123, 156, 334, 560, 563, 564, 653, 703 493, 568, 577, 611, 631, 653, 697, 701 Antitrust DivisionÐ334 Appalachian Regional CommissionÐ711 C Architect of the CapitolÐ43 Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance CabinetÐ89 BoardÐ711 Cable Services BureauÐ526 Archives and Records Administration, NationalÐ588 California Institute of TechnologyÐ588 Archives of American ArtÐ720 Campaign fundsÐ533 Archives Trust Fund Board, NationalÐ593 Canada, International Joint CommissionÐUnited States Arctic Research CommissionÐ711 andÐ747 849 850 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Canada, Permanent Joint Board on DefenseÐUnited States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, U.S.Ð69 andÐ747 Court of Federal Claims, U.S.Ð75 Canada International Boundary Commission, United States Court of International Trade, U.S.Ð74 andÐ747 Court of Veterans Appeals, U.S.Ð77 Cancer Institute, NationalÐ286 Courts (See also specific court; Law enforcement)Ð67, 68, Capital Planning Commission, NationalÐ597 75, 78, 357, 733, 745 Cemeteries. See Monuments and memorials Courts, Administrative Office of the U.S.Ð78 Cemetery System, NationalÐ478 Courts of appeals, U.S.Ð68 CensusÐ151, 169 CreditÐ128, 129, 457, 464, 519, 520, 554, 557, 599 Census, Bureau of theÐ151 Credit Union Administration, NationalÐ599 Center. See other part of subject Crime. See Law enforcement Central Intelligence AgencyÐ492 Criminal DivisionÐ340 Central Security ServiceÐ234 Criminal Police Organization, International. See INTERPOL Child Health and Human Development, National Institute Crops. See Agriculture and agricultural commodities ofÐ287 Cultural exchange programsÐ602, 643, 686, 689, 720, 744, Children. See Infants and children 745 Children and Families, Administration forÐ274 CurrencyÐ453, 455, 460, 461, 554, 557 Children, Youth, and Families, Administration onÐ274 Customs duties and inspectionÐ74, 107, 452, 454, 545, Citizens' Stamp Advisory CommitteeÐ712 701 Citizenship and naturalization. See Immigration Customs Service, U.S.Ð454 Civil defense. See Defense, national Civil DivisionÐ335 D Civil rightsÐ126, 246, 273, 293, 337, 378, 379, 413, 512, 681 Dairy productsÐ119 Civil Rights, U.S. Commission onÐ681 Dams. See Waterways Civil Rights DivisionÐ337 Deaf. See Hearing impaired ClaimsÐ75, 190, 335, 361, 475, 514 Deaf, Model Secondary School for theÐ248 Clinical CenterÐ289 Deaf, National Technical Institute for theÐ250 Coast Guard, U.S.Ð415 Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Coins. See Currency Institute onÐ287 Collective bargaining. See Labor-management relations Declaration of IndependenceÐ1 Colleges and universitiesÐ247, 502, 619 Defense, Department ofÐ172 Commerce. See Business and industry; Trade Defense, nationalÐ96, 128, 172, 183, 193, 207, 231, 257, Commerce, Department ofÐ143 341, 342, 350, 390, 394, 414, 417, 492, 503, 535, 571, Commercial space transportationÐ419 659, 679, 714, 739, 747 Commission. See other part of subject Defense Acquisition UniversityÐ236 Committee. See other part of subject Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyÐ224 Commodity Credit CorporationÐ127, 128 Defense Commissary AgencyÐ225 Commodity Futures Trading CommissionÐ493 Defense Contract Audit AgencyÐ226 Common Carrier BureauÐ524 Defense Finance and Accounting ServiceÐ226 Common carriersÐ401, 421±423, 425, 427, 435, 524, 547 Defense Information Systems AgencyÐ227 CommunicationsÐ176, 178±180, 190, 192, 205, 222, 227, Defense Intelligence AgencyÐ228 234, 295, 393, 437, 523, 576, 593, 684 Defense Investigative ServiceÐ228 Communications Commission, FederalÐ523 Defense Legal Services AgencyÐ229 Community developmentÐ112±116, 134, 135, 181, 256, Defense Logistics AgencyÐ229 273, 275, 300, 302, 303, 317, 360, 498, 577, 674 Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety BoardÐ255, 503 Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)Ð360 Defense policyÐ176, 198 Community Service, Corporation for National andÐ498 Defense Security Assistance AgencyÐ231 Comptroller of the Currency, Office of theÐ453 Defense Special Weapons AgencyÐ232 Computer technology (See also Sources of Information Defense Systems Management CollegeÐ236 section for specific agency)Ð166, 168, 189, 219, 341, Defense University, NationalÐ237 572, 688 Delaware River Basin CommissionÐ712 Conduct standards. See Government employees Dental healthÐ287 CongressÐ25 Dental Research, National Institute ofÐ287 Congressional Budget OfficeÐ60 Department. See other part of subject Congressional Research ServiceÐ56 Deposit Insurance Corporation, FederalÐ529 ConservationÐ128, 135, 137, 140, 159, 252, 256, 307, Developing countriesÐ129, 131, 390, 491, 577, 643, 676, 674, 712, 713, 720, 723 691, 739, 740, 742, 743 Conservation Analytical LaboratoryÐ720 Development, Agency for InternationalÐ692 Constitution of the United StatesÐ5 Development Association, InternationalÐ740 Constitutional amendmentsÐ31 Development Cooperation Agency, U.S. InternationalÐ691 Consular affairsÐ394 Developmental Disabilities, Administration onÐ274 Consumer Advisory CouncilÐ557 Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institute Consumer Product Safety CommissionÐ495 ofÐ287 Consumer protectionÐ119, 123, 125, 278, 337, 495, 530, Disability, National Council onÐ713 557, 562, 563, 564 Disabled. See Individuals with disabilities Contracts. See Government contracts Disaster assistanceÐ117, 139, 159, 203, 510, 535, 537, Cooper-Hewitt, National Design MuseumÐ721 664, 695 Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Discrimination. See Civil rights ServiceÐ133 Disease Control and Prevention, Centers forÐ278 CooperativesÐ112, 114, 133, 522, 606 DiseasesÐ121, 122, 277, 278, 286 Coordinating boards, committees, etc. See other part of District courts, U.S.Ð73 subject District of Columbia Court of AppealsÐ77 COPS. See Community Oriented Policing Services District of Columbia Superior CourtÐ77 CopyrightsÐ54, 59, 341 Domestic Policy CouncilÐ104, 105 Corporation. See other part of subject Drug Abuse, National Institute onÐ286 Correctional facilitiesÐ349, 355, 358 Drug Control Policy, Office of NationalÐ102 Council. See other part of subject Drug Enforcement AdministrationÐ352 Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, U.S.Ð75 Drug Enforcement Task Force, Organized CrimeÐ344 AGENCY/SUBJECT INDEX 851

Drugs and drug abuseÐ102, 278, 279, 286, 290, 291, 342, Firearms. See Arms and munitions 344, 349, 352, 357, 358, 362, 393, 414, 452, 454, 492 Fiscal policy. See Economic policy Dryden Flight Research CenterÐ587 Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S.Ð313 FisheriesÐ159, 310, 313 E Flood controlÐ136, 139, 320, 535, 674 Fogarty International CenterÐ289 Economic Advisers, Council ofÐ94 Folklife Center, AmericanÐ57 Economic Analysis, Bureau ofÐ153 Folklife programsÐ57, 725 Economic Council, NationalÐ104, 105 Food and Consumer ServiceÐ125 Economic Development AdministrationÐ154 Food and Drug AdministrationÐ278 Economic policyÐ61, 94, 104, 105, 151, 153, 154, 156, Food assistance programs. See Public assistance programs 169, 390, 392, 438, 449, 493, 547, 554, 564 Food grades and standardsÐ119±122, 124, 280 Economic Research ServiceÐ133 Food inspection. See Food grades and standards Economic statistics. See Statistics Food labeling. See Consumer protection Economics and Statistics AdministrationÐ151 Food Safety and Inspection ServiceÐ124 Education (See also Manpower training; Vocational Food Stamp ProgramÐ125 rehabilitation)Ð117, 131, 132, 180, 188, 206, 220, 221, Foods. See Agriculture and agricultural commodities; 242, 338, 433, 467, 477, 499, 593, 602, 603, 675, 689, Nutrition 712, 720, 730 Foreign Agricultural ServiceÐ129 Education, Department ofÐ242 Foreign assistanceÐ129, 491, 577, 643, 691, 692 Education, Federal Interagency Committee onÐ712 Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United Educational facilities (See also Colleges and universities; StatesÐ361 Schools)Ð192, 203, 221, 236±239, 392, 535, 588 Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, President'sÐ714 Election Commission, FederalÐ533 Foreign Investment in the United States, Committee onÐ Electric powerÐ116, 259, 674, 713 712 Elisofon Photographic Archives, EliotÐ722 Foreign relationsÐ130, 153, 341, 388, 413, 449, 451, 547, Emergency, nationalÐ128, 191, 198, 205, 434, 534 676, 686, 691, 713, 735, 736, 739, 740, 742±744, 747 Emergency assistance. See Disaster assistance Foreign serviceÐ392, 395, 543, 690, 695 Emergency Management Agency, FederalÐ534 Foreign Service InstituteÐ392 Emerging economies. See Developing countries Foreign Service Labor Relations BoardÐ543 Employee's Compensation Appeals BoardÐ369 Forest ServiceÐ135 Employment (See also Sources of Information section for Forests and forest productsÐ135, 139, 319 specific agency)Ð365, 373, 374, 511, 578, 607, 635, Fossil fuelsÐ256, 319 713, 714 Foundation. See other part of subject Employment and Training AdministrationÐ373 FraudÐ335, 341, 436, 464, 576 Employment of People With Disabilities, President's Freedom of Information. See Sources of Information section Committee onÐ714 for specific agency Employment Standards AdministrationÐ378 Freer Gallery of ArtÐ721 Empowerment zonesÐ112, 302 Fuel. See specific resource Endangered Species CommitteeÐ712 Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board, J. WilliamÐ713 Endowment. See other part of subject Energy (See also specific resource)Ð134, 252 G Energy, Department ofÐ252 Energy Regulatory Commission, FederalÐ258 Gallaudet UniversityÐ248 EngineeringÐ189, 190, 199, 203, 418, 526, 711 Gallery of Art, NationalÐ728 Engraving and Printing, Bureau ofÐ455 Gas. See Natural gas Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute onÐ286 General Accounting OfficeÐ46 Environmental protectionÐ95, 121, 132, 135, 140, 142, General Medical Sciences, National Institute ofÐ286 159, 169, 189, 203, 204, 222, 255, 257, 277, 286, 296, General Services AdministrationÐ565 307, 313, 314, 345, 346, 432, 436, 505, 627, 675, 695, Generalized System of PreferencesÐ701 727 Genome Research Institute, National HumanÐ289 Environmental Protection AgencyÐ505 Geological Survey, U.S.Ð315 Environmental Quality, Council onÐ95 Gifts to Government. See Government property Equal Employment Opportunity CommissionÐ511 management Ethical conduct. See Government employees Goddard Space Flight CenterÐ587 Executive Boards, FederalÐ638 Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Export Administration, Bureau ofÐ153 Foundation, Barry M.Ð712 Export Administration Review BoardÐ712 Government contracts (See also Sources of Information Export-Import Bank of the United StatesÐ518 section for specific agency)Ð75, 226, 230, 336, 379, 413, Exports. See Trade 475, 568, 664 Eye Institute, NationalÐ286 Government employeesÐ180, 190, 199, 204, 215, 218, 371, 378, 380, 515, 542, 559, 578, 599, 633, 635, 639, F 714 Government Ethics, Office ofÐ633 Farm Credit AdministrationÐ520 Government National Mortgage AssociationÐ303 Farm Service AgencyÐ127, 129 Government Printing OfficeÐ49 Farming. See Agriculture and agricultural commodities Government property managementÐ190, 230, 305, 565, Federal. See other part of subject 573, 574, 714 Fellowships. See Scholarships and fellowships Grain Inspection, Packers, and Stockyards AdministrationÐ Film Preservation Board, NationalÐ58 122 Finance. See Banks and banking Grains. See Agriculture and agricultural commodities Finance Corporation, InternationalÐ740 GrantsÐ113±117, 154, 163, 273±275, 290, 294, 297, 303, Financial Institutions Examination Council, FederalÐ712 304, 323, 355, 360, 426, 428, 429, 491, 501, 503, 577, Financial Management ServiceÐ457 593, 602, 603, 605, 606, 619, 620, 720, 725, 735 Financing Bank, FederalÐ712 Financing CorporationÐ541 H Fine Arts, Commission ofÐ712 Fire Administration, U.S.Ð535 Handicapped. See Individuals with disabilities Fire preventionÐ535, 537, 574 Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United StatesÐ703 852 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Hazardous substancesÐ277, 280, 281, 303, 432, 508, 510, Integrity and Efficiency, President's Council onÐ714 535, 622, 627 IntelligenceÐ167, 176, 191, 199, 202, 219, 228, 233, 234, Hazardous wasteÐ117, 257, 320, 510, 714 237, 332, 349, 393, 414, 492, 714 Health, National Institutes ofÐ285 Interagency Committee on Employment of People with Health and health care (See also Dental health; DisabilitiesÐ713 Occupational safety and health)Ð126, 180, 181, 190, Interagency relationsÐ100, 712, 713 200, 202, 205, 218, 240, 255, 262, 393, 475, 637, 650, Interagency Savings Bond CommitteeÐ713 673, 675, 692, 711, 713 Inter-American Defense BoardÐ739 Health and Human Services, Department ofÐ262 Inter-American Development BankÐ740 Health Care, Bureau of PrimaryÐ282 Inter-American FoundationÐ577 Health care facilitiesÐ278, 291, 479, 480, 488 Interior, Department of theÐ307 Health Care Financing AdministrationÐ281 Internal Revenue ServiceÐ458 Health Care Policy and Research, Agency forÐ276 International. See other part of subject Health Professionals, Bureau ofÐ283 International affairs. See Foreign relations Health Resources and Services AdministrationÐ282 International organizations, U.S. participationÐ350, 393, Health Resources Development, Bureau ofÐ283 737, 747 Hearing impairedÐ248, 250, 287, 571, 652 INTERPOLÐ350 Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NationalÐ286 Inventions and patentsÐ69, 163, 171, 335 Hebert School of Medicine, F. EdwardÐ240 Investigation, Federal Bureau ofÐ348 Highway Administration, FederalÐ420 InvestigationsÐ46, 189, 190, 202, 215, 228, 312, 327, 340, Highway Traffic Safety Administration, NationalÐ425 342, 343, 348, 351, 527, 547, 622 Highways and roadsÐ420, 425, 597, 622 InvestmentsÐ461, 496, 522, 530, 558, 575, 593, 652, 664, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture GardenÐ721 697, 712, 713, 741, 742 Historic preservationÐ43, 54, 57, 58, 189, 201, 588, 603, 605, 711, 720, 726 J Historic Preservation, Advisory Council onÐ711 Historical Publications and Records Commission, NationalÐ Japan-U.S. Friendship CommissionÐ713 593 Jet Propulsion LaboratoryÐ588 History, National Museum of AmericanÐ722 Job Corps ProgramsÐ376 Holmes Devise, Permanent Committee for the Oliver Johnson Space Center, Lyndon B.Ð587 WendellÐ713 Joint boards, committees, etc. See other part of subject Holocaust Memorial Museum, U.S.Ð714 Joint Chiefs of StaffÐ177 Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, FederalÐ303 Joint StaffÐ178 HomelessÐ115 JudgesÐ67, 81, 300, 312, 371 Hospitals. See Health care facilities Judicial Center, FederalÐ82 House of RepresentativesÐ25, 34 Judicial Conference of the United StatesÐ69 HousingÐ114, 115, 299, 302, 338, 362, 538 Judicial Panel on Multidistrict LitigationÐ74 Housing and Urban Development, Department ofÐ299 Justice. See Courts; Law enforcement Housing Finance Board, FederalÐ302, 538 Justice, Department ofÐ327 Howard UniversityÐ249 Justice, National Institute ofÐ355 Human rightsÐ744 Justice Statistics, Bureau ofÐ354 Humanities. See Arts and humanities Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Coordinating Humanities, National Endowment for theÐ603 Council onÐ712

I K Illinois and Michigan Canal National Heritage Corridor Kendall Demonstration Elementary SchoolÐ248 CommissionÐ713 Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, John F.Ð728 Imagery and Mapping Agency, NationalÐ233 Kennedy Space Center, John F.Ð587 ImmigrationÐ283, 337, 338, 351, 358, 359, 363, 394, 742 Immigration and Naturalization ServiceÐ351 L Immigration Appeals, Board ofÐ358 Imports. See Trade Labor. See Employment Indemnity payments. See Claims Labor, Department ofÐ365 Indian, National Museum of the AmericanÐ723 Labor-management relationsÐ378, 380, 542, 548, 607, Indian Affairs, Bureau ofÐ317 611, 637 Indian Arts and Crafts BoardÐ713 Labor Relations Authority, FederalÐ542 Indian Health ServiceÐ285 Labor Relations Board, NationalÐ607 Indians, American. See Native Americans Labor Statistics, Bureau ofÐ383 Individuals with disabilities (See also Blind; Hearing Labor unions. See Labor-management relations impaired)Ð59, 247, 274, 281, 338, 362, 378, 379, 428, LaboratoriesÐ119, 588, 712, 720 513, 514, 671, 712±714 Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer, FederalÐ Industrial College of the Armed ForcesÐ239 712 Industry. See Business and industry Land Management, Bureau ofÐ319 Infants and childrenÐ125, 126, 137, 246, 248, 274, 275, Langley Research CenterÐ587 282, 284, 287, 293, 302, 340, 355, 376, 398, 502, 692, Langley TheaterÐ721 712 Law, internationalÐ343, 350, 393 Information, Bureau ofÐ688 Law enforcementÐ67, 82, 123, 200, 202, 215, 275, 322, Information Agency, U.S.Ð684 327, 348, 350, 356, 393, 449, 456, 461, 496, 513, 527, Information Center, FederalÐ571 533, 551, 562, 574, 655, 657, 712 Information Relay Service, FederalÐ571 Law Enforcement Training Center, FederalÐ456 Information Resources Management CollegeÐ240 LawyersÐ67, 81, 205, 327, 372, 562 Information Service, National TechnicalÐ166 Lead poisoningÐ303 Insecticides. See Pesticides and pests Learn and Serve AmericaÐ501 Institute. See other part of subject Legal servicesÐ48, 67, 190, 200, 214, 219, 229, 310, 327, InsuranceÐ129, 281, 374, 380, 381, 475, 477, 478, 479, 372, 393, 715 519, 522, 529, 535, 600, 601, 638, 646, 650, 671, 673, Legal Services CorporationÐ715 697, 713 Legislative procedureÐ31, 56 Insurance Administration, FederalÐ535 Lewis Research CenterÐ587 AGENCY/SUBJECT INDEX 853

Libraries (See also Sources of Information section for Mortgage Association, Federal NationalÐ303 specific agency)Ð52, 53, 132, 286, 589, 606, 712, 713, MortgagesÐ303, 522, 539 716, 727, 736 Motor vehiclesÐ425, 435, 573 Libraries, PresidentialÐ589 Multilateral Investment Guarantee AgencyÐ742 Libraries and Information Science, National Commission Museum. See other part of subject onÐ713 Museum and Library Services, Institute ofÐ606 Library and Information Center Committee, FederalÐ712 MuseumsÐ321, 595, 606, 714, 716 Library of CongressÐ53 Library of Medicine, NationalÐ286 N LicensingÐ153, 413, 417, 524, 547, 622, 627 Literacy, National Institute forÐ249 Narcotics. See Drugs and drug abuse Livestock. See Meat and meat products National. See other part of subject LoansÐ112±117, 127±129, 477, 491, 519, 522, 539, 554, Native AmericansÐ126, 273, 274, 282, 285, 304, 310, 311, 559, 600, 664, 697, 739, 740 317, 346, 713, 723 Native Americans, Administration forÐ274 M Natural gasÐ319 Natural History, National Museum ofÐ723 Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation, JamesÐ713 Natural resources. See Conservation; Environmental Mail. See Postal Rate Commission; Postal Service, U.S. protection Management and Budget, Office ofÐ99 Natural Resources Conservation ServiceÐ137 Manpower trainingÐ82, 136, 178, 188, 201, 205, 220, 222, Natural Resources InventoryÐ138 343, 345, 360, 373±376, 384, 392, 417, 428, 429, 456, Naturalization. See Immigration 537, 637, 644 Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation CommissionÐ713 Maps and mappingÐ159, 171, 199, 218, 221, 233, 315, Naval Academy, U.S.Ð221 323, 419, 597, 674, 726 Naval Observatory, U.S.Ð221 Marine Corps, U.S.Ð220 Navigation. See Maps and mapping Marine lifeÐ310, 313, 346, 713 Navy, Department of theÐ207 Marine Mammal CommissionÐ713 Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute ofÐ Maritime activitiesÐ159, 207, 217, 415, 430, 545, 622, 641 286 Maritime AdministrationÐ430 North American Free Trade AgreementÐ375, 702 Maritime Commission, FederalÐ545 Northwest Power Planning CouncilÐ713 MarketingÐ118, 120, 122, 130, 156, 259 Nuclear energyÐ232, 255, 258, 503, 625, 714 Marshall Space Flight Center, George C.Ð587 Nuclear Regulatory CommissionÐ625 Marshals Service, U.S.Ð350 Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board, U.S.Ð714 Mass Media BureauÐ524 Nuclear weapons. See Arms and munitions Maternal and Child Health BureauÐ284 NutritionÐ124±126, 280 Measurement standardsÐ123, 165, 170, 426 Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Center forÐ126 Meat and meat productsÐ119, 123, 124 Mediation and Conciliation Service, FederalÐ548 O Mediation Board, NationalÐ611 MedicaidÐ281 Occupational Information Coordinating Committee, Medical and dental schools. See Colleges and universities NationalÐ713 Medical care. See Health and health care Occupational safety and healthÐ277, 278, 382, 549, 631 MedicareÐ281, 673 Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationÐ382 Memorials. See Monuments and memorials Occupational Safety and Health Review CommissionÐ631 Mental health. See Health and health care Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NationalÐ159 Mental Health, National Institute ofÐ289 Oceans. See Waterways Mental Health Services, Center forÐ292 Office. See other part of subject Merchant marineÐ415, 430 Oil. See Petroleum Merit Systems Protection BoardÐ578 On-Site Inspection AgencyÐ234 Meteorology. See Weather Organization. See other part of subject Mexican-U.S. Defense Commission, JointÐ747 Overseas Private Investment CorporationÐ697 Mexico International Boundary and Water Commission, United States andÐ747 P MIA's. See Missing personnel Migration, International Organization forÐ742 Pacific Islanders. See Native Americans Migratory Bird Conservation CommissionÐ713 Panama Canal CommissionÐ641 Military. See specific military department or agency; Armed Park Foundation, NationalÐ713 Forces Park Service, NationalÐ314 Military Academy, U.S.Ð203, 206 Parks. See Recreation and recreation areas Military Intelligence College, JointÐ237 Parole. See Probation and parole Mine safety and health. See Mining and minerals Parole Commission, U.S.Ð359 Mine Safety and Health AdministrationÐ383 Passports and visasÐ394, 397, 398, 400 Mine Safety and Health Review Commission, FederalÐ549 Patent and Trademark OfficeÐ163 Minerals Management ServiceÐ318 Patents. See Inventions and patents Mining and mineralsÐ139, 310, 316, 318, 319, 383, 549 Peace, U.S. Institute ofÐ734 MinoritiesÐ149, 158, 170, 171, 249, 378, 637, 665 Peace CorpsÐ643 Minority Business Development AgencyÐ158 Pension and Welfare Benefits AdministrationÐ378 Mint, U.S.Ð460 Pension Benefit Guaranty CorporationÐ645 Missing and Exploited Children, National Center forÐ356 PensionsÐ378, 464, 477, 557, 638, 645, 649 Missing Children's ProgramÐ356 Permanent boards, committees, etc. See other part of Missing in action. See Missing personnel subject Missing personnelÐ181 Personnel Management, Office ofÐ635 Mission to Planet EarthÐ584 Pesticides and pestsÐ119, 510 Mississippi River CommissionÐ713 PetroleumÐ319 Monetary Fund, InternationalÐ740 Physician Payment Review CommissionÐ713 Money. See Currency PipelinesÐ432, 622 Monuments and memorialsÐ204, 314, 478, 480, 711±714, PlantsÐ44, 119±122, 138, 319 728 Police. See Law enforcement 854 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

Policy Development, Office ofÐ104 Rural Utilities ServiceÐ116 Pollution. See Environmental protection; Water pollution control S Portrait Gallery, NationalÐ724 Postal Inspection ServiceÐ706 Sackler Gallery, Arthur M.Ð726 Postal Museum, NationalÐ724 SafetyÐ119, 124, 255, 303, 416, 417, 419, 421, 424±427, Postal Rate CommissionÐ648 429, 433, 496, 503, 535, 621, 627 Postal Service, U.S.Ð704 Saint Lawrence Seaway Development CorporationÐ431 Poultry. See Agriculture and agricultural commodities Savings and loan associations. See Banks and banking Power administrationsÐ259 Savings bondsÐ469, 713 POW's. See Prisoners of war Scholarships and fellowshipsÐ289, 593, 594, 603, 619, President of the United StatesÐ89, 90, 96 620, 712±714, 725, 729, 735 Presidential. See other part of subject School breakfast and lunch programs. See Infants and President's. See other part of subject children; Nutrition Price support programsÐ127, 128 Schools (See also Colleges and universities; Educational Printing (See also Sources of Information section for facilities)Ð126, 140, 242, 502, 644 specific agency)Ð30, 49, 53, 247, 455, 592 Science and technologyÐ60, 105, 113, 114, 117±120, 131± Printing House for the Blind, AmericanÐ247 133, 136, 137, 165±167, 170, 176, 181, 188, 191, 199, Prison Industries, FederalÐ349 203, 205, 215, 224, 246, 250, 258, 261, 276, 279, 285± Prisoners of warÐ181 287, 289, 290, 303, 304, 393, 419, 422, 424, 425, 429, Prisons. See Correctional facilities 433, 510, 526, 584, 586, 615, 667, 675, 711, 712, 727, Prisons, Bureau ofÐ349 730 Probation and paroleÐ81, 83, 359 Science and Technology Policy, Office ofÐ105 Procurement. See Government contracts Science Board, NationalÐ619 Prospective Payment Assessment CommissionÐ714 Science Foundation, NationalÐ615 Protective servicesÐ182, 190, 202, 390, 461, 574 Secret Service, U.S.Ð461 Public affairs. See Sources of Information section for Securities. See Investments specific agency Securities and Exchange CommissionÐ652 Public assistance programsÐ125, 273±276, 282, 302±304, Security, internationalÐ390, 414, 744, 745 331, 426 Security, national. See Defense, national Public Buildings ServiceÐ573 Security Agency, NationalÐ234 Public Debt, Bureau of theÐ461 Security Council, NationalÐ96 Public defenders. See Lawyers Selective Service SystemÐ659 Public healthÐ273, 297 SenateÐ25, 32 Public Health Service Commissioned Officer ProgramÐ297 Senior Community Service Employment ProgramÐ377 Public landsÐ136, 307, 310, 314, 319, 346, 421, 422, 599, Senior Service Corps, NationalÐ502 674 Sentencing Commission, U.S.Ð83 Publications. See Sources of Information section for specific Ships and shipping. See Maritime activities agency; Printing Small Business AdministrationÐ661 Small Business CentersÐ568 R Small Business Development CentersÐ668 Small businesses (See also Sources of Information section RacketeeringÐ340, 343 for specific agency)Ð142, 149, 302, 371, 414, 568, 661 Radiation protectionÐ258, 280, 508, 535 Smithsonian Astrophysical ObservatoryÐ726 Radio Free AsiaÐ688 Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterÐ727 Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Inc.Ð688 Smithsonian InstitutionÐ716 Radio MartiÐ688 Smithsonian Institution ArchivesÐ726 Railroad Adjustment Board, NationalÐ611 Smithsonian Institution LibrariesÐ727 Railroad Administration, FederalÐ423 Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition ServiceÐ727 Railroad Passenger Corporation, NationalÐ613 Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteÐ727 Railroad Retirement BoardÐ649 Social Security AdministrationÐ671 RailroadsÐ423, 435, 611, 613, 622, 649 Space programs. See Space transportation and exploration Randolph Program for International Peace, JenningsÐ735 Space shuttleÐ586 Rankin Library Program, JeannetteÐ736 Space transportation and explorationÐ159, 188, 217, 219, Real property. See Government property management 419, 580, 721 Reclamation, Bureau ofÐ320 Special Counsel, Office ofÐ639 Reconstruction and Development, International Bank forÐ Standards and Technology, National Institute ofÐ165 740 State, Department ofÐ388 Records managementÐ97, 182, 199, 216, 588, 591 State Justice InstituteÐ733 Recreation and recreation areasÐ135, 310, 314, 319, 320, States, Organization of AmericanÐ743 416, 674, 713 StatisticsÐ134, 138, 151, 354, 383, 426, 434, 703 Refugees (See also Immigration)Ð275, 742 Stennis Space Center, John C.Ð588 Register, Administrative Committee of the FederalÐ711 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Register, Office of the FederalÐ592 AdministrationÐ290 Renwick GalleryÐ722 Substance Abuse Prevention, Center forÐ291 Research and development. See Science and technology Substance Abuse Treatment, Center forÐ291 Research Resources, National Center forÐ289 Supply Service, FederalÐ572 Reserve Banks, FederalÐ556 Supreme Court of the United StatesÐ67 Reserve System, FederalÐ552 Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, Office ofÐ Retirement. See Pensions 316 Retirement Thrift Investment Board, FederalÐ558 Surface Transportation BoardÐ435 Risk Management AgencyÐ129 Surplus property and commoditiesÐ131, 230, 572, 574 Rivers. See Waterways Susquehanna River Basin CommissionÐ714 Rochester Institute of TechnologyÐ250 Roosevelt Memorial Commission, Franklin DelanoÐ712 T Rural areasÐ112±114, 299, 428 Rural Business-Cooperative ServiceÐ112 Tariffs. See Customs duties and inspection Rural developmentÐ112±114 Tax Court, U.S.Ð76 Rural Housing ServiceÐ114 Tax DivisionÐ347 AGENCY/SUBJECT INDEX 855

TaxesÐ76, 347, 438, 451, 452, 454, 457, 458, 465, 468 V Technology. See Science and technology Technology AdministrationÐ165 Vessels. See Maritime activities Telecommunications (See also Communications)Ð58, 116, VeteransÐ77, 378, 379, 384, 470, 637, 667, 714 162, 168, 171, 189, 219, 296, 297, 363, 436, 488, 524, Veterans Affairs, Department ofÐ470 570, 684 Veterans Appeals, Board ofÐ475 Telecommunications and Information Administration, Veterans Benefits AdministrationÐ477 NationalÐ162 Veterans Day National CommitteeÐ714 Telecommunications Service, FederalÐ570 Veterans' Employment and Training ServiceÐ384 Tennessee Valley AuthorityÐ674 Veterans Health AdministrationÐ475 Territorial courtsÐ73 Veterinary servicesÐ121, 122, 280 TerrorismÐ344, 349, 392, 535 Vice President of the United StatesÐ25, 28, 90, 94, 96 Textile Agreements, Committee for the Implementation ofÐ Violence Against Women ProgramÐ357 712 Visas. See Passports and visas Textile Trade Policy GroupÐ714 Vocational rehabilitationÐ247, 477 TextilesÐ712, 714 Voice of AmericaÐ688 Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight BoardÐ714 Volpe National Transportation Systems CenterÐ434 Thrift Institutions Advisory CouncilÐ557 Volunteer programsÐ137, 498, 596, 644, 720, 733 Thrift Savings PlanÐ559 Thrift Supervision, Office ofÐ464 W Timber. See Forests and forest products Wage and Hour DivisionÐ380 TobaccoÐ119, 452 WagesÐ371, 378, 380, 457, 611 Toxic substances. See Hazardous materials War College, NationalÐ238 Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Agency forÐ277 Waste treatment and disposal. See Hazardous waste TradeÐ74, 106, 123, 130, 143, 153, 155, 156, 170, 334, Water pollution controlÐ117, 416, 508 335, 373, 375, 493, 519, 547, 559, 641, 667, 676, 699, Water supplyÐ117, 138, 139, 315, 675, 747 712, 714, 741, 743 Waterman Science Award, Alan T.Ð620 Trade Administration, InternationalÐ155 WaterwaysÐ138, 159, 203, 218, 310, 319, 320, 416, 417, Trade and Development AgencyÐ676 431, 641, 675, 712±714 Trade Commission, FederalÐ559 Weapons. See Arms and munitions Trade Commission, U.S.Ð699 WeatherÐ159, 171, 191, 219, 586 Trade Policy CommitteeÐ714 Weights and measures. See Measurement standards Trade Representative, Office of the U.S.Ð106 WetlandsÐ139 TrademarksÐ69, 163 Whistleblowing (See also Sources of Information section for Training. See Manpower training; Vocational rehabilitation specific agency)Ð142, 261, 641 Trains. See Railroads White House Commission on Presidential ScholarsÐ714 Transit Administration, FederalÐ427 White House OfficeÐ90 Transportation (See also Air transportation)Ð120, 202, 204, White House Office of AdministrationÐ97 217, 401, 611, 613, 621, 641, 711 WildlifeÐ114, 121, 122, 136, 139, 280, 310, 313, 319, 320, Transportation, Department ofÐ401 322, 346, 712, 713, 723, 724 Transportation policyÐ415 Wildlife Refuges, NationalÐ322 Transportation Safety Board, NationalÐ621 Wilson International Center for Scholars, WoodrowÐ729 Transportation Safety InstituteÐ433 Wireless Telecommunications BureauÐ524 Transportation Statistics, Bureau ofÐ434 Witness Security Program, FederalÐ342 TravelÐ399, 613 WomenÐ125, 126, 149, 205, 282, 284, 357, 371, 378, 666, Treasury, Department of theÐ438 692 Trucks. See Motor vehicles Women's BureauÐ371 Truman Scholarship Foundation, Harry S.Ð712 Workers' compensation. See Insurance Trusts and trusteesÐ334, 593 World BankÐ740, 742 TV MartiÐ688 World Wise SchoolsÐ644 WORLDNET Television and Film ServiceÐ688 U Y Unemployment. See Employment Unemployment benefits. See Insurance Youth. See Infants and children UNICOR. See Prison Industries, Federal YouthBuild ProgramÐ302 Uniformed services. See Armed Forces Youth Conservation CorpsÐ137 Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesÐ240 United NationsÐ389, 737±739, 744 Z United States. See other part of subject Urban areasÐ299, 429 ZoningÐ597 UtilitiesÐ115, 259, 656, 674, 713 Zoological Park, NationalÐ724

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U.S. Courts of Appeals 71 U.S. Circuit Judge for the Sixth Circuit Eric L. Clay confirmed July 31. 73 U.S. Circuit Judge for the Federal Cir- Arthur Gajarsa confirmed July 31. cuit White House Office 90 Assistant to the President Sidney Blumenthal appointed July 1. 90 Assistant to the President and Coun- Paul Begala appointed July 1. selor to the President 90 Special Counselor to the President Jason S. Berman appointed July 24. 91 Assistant to the President and Direc- Donald Baer resigned (effective August 2). tor of Strategic Planning 91 Assistant to the President for Manage- Jodie R. Torkelson resigned (effective August 2). ment and Administration Agriculture Department 109 Under Secretary for Farm and Foreign August Schumacher, Jr., confirmed July 31. Agricultural Services 109 Under Secretary for Food, Nutrition, Shirley R. Watkins confirmed July 31. and Consumer Services 109 Under Secretary for Food Safety Catherine E. Woteki confirmed July 31. 109 Under Secretary for Research, Edu- I. Miley Gonzalez confirmed July 31. cation, and Economics Commerce Department 146 Under Secretary for International Stuart Eizenstat resigned (effective June 6). Trade 146 Assistant Secretary for Import Admin- Robert S. LaRussa confirmed July 31. istration 147 Assistant Administrator for Weather Elbert W. Friday, Jr., resigned (effective June 25). Services, National Oceanic and At- mospheric Administration Defense Department 172 Deputy Secretary John J. Hamre confirmed July 24, vice John P. White. 173 Under Secretary for Personnel and Rudy F. de Leon confirmed July 31, vice Edwin Dorn. Readiness Air Force Department 183 Under Secretary Rudy F. de Leon resigned (effective August 5). 184 Chief of Staff Ronald R. Fogleman resigned (effective September 1). Energy Department 252 Deputy Secretary Elizabeth Anne Moler confirmed June 5. 252 Chair, Federal Energy Regulatory James J. Hoecker appointed (effective June 16), vice Commission Elizabeth Anne Moler. Health and Human Services Department 267 Administrator, Health Care Financing Bruce C. Vladeck resigned (effective September 13). Administration Interior Department 307 Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- Jamie R. Clark confirmed July 31. ice 307 Director, National Park Service Robert G. Stanton confirmed July 31. 308 Director, Bureau of Land Management Patrick A. Shea confirmed July 31. 857 858 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL

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308 Director, Office of Surface Mining Kathleen M. Karpan confirmed July 31. Reclamation and Enforcement Justice Department 327 Deputy Attorney General Eric H. Holder, Jr., confirmed July 17, vice Jamie S. Gorelick. 327 Solicitor General Walter E. Dellinger resigned (effective August 31). 327 Assistant Attorney General Joel I. Klein confirmed July 17. State Department 388 Chief of Protocol Molly M. Raiser resigned (effective July 24). 388 Under Secretary for Political Affairs Thomas R. Pickering confirmed May 23, vice Peter Tarnoff. 388 Under Secretary for Economic, Busi- Stuart Eizenstat confirmed May 23, vice Joan E. Spero. ness, and Agricultural Affairs 388 Under Secretary for Management Bonnie R. Cohen confirmed July 31. 388 Director General of the Foreign Serv- Edward Gnehm, Jr. confirmed July 31. ice 388 Legal Advisor David Andrews confirmed July 31. 388 Assistant Secretary for East Asian Stanley O. Roth confirmed July 31. and Pacific Affairs 388 Assistant Secretary for European and Marc Grossman confirmed July 31. Canadian Affairs 389 Assistant Secretary for South Asian Karl F. Inderfurth confirmed July 31. Affairs 389 Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs James P. Rubin confirmed July 31. 389 Deputy U.S. Representative to the A. Peter Burleigh confirmed July 31. United Nations 389 U.S. Representative for U.N. Manage- Richard Sklar confirmed July 31. ment and Reform 395 U.S. Ambassador to Bangladesh John C. Holzman confirmed July 31. 395 U.S. Ambassador to Belarus Daniel V. Speckhard confirmed July 31. 395 U.S. Ambassador to Bosnia and Richard D. Kauzlarich confirmed July 31. Herzegovina 395 U.S. Ambassador to Canada Gordon D. Giffin confirmed July 31. 395 U.S. Ambassador to France Felix G. Rohatyn confirmed July 31. 395 U.S. Ambassador to Germany John C. Kornblum confirmed July 31. 396 U.S. Ambassador to Guyana James F. Mack confirmed July 31. 396 U.S. Ambassador to the Kyrgyz Re- Anne Marie Sigmund confirmed July 31. public 396 U.S. Ambassador to Lithuania Keith C. Smith confirmed July 31. 396 U.S. Ambassador to Nepal Ralph Frank confirmed July 31. 396 U.S. Ambassador to Paraguay Maura Harty confirmed July 31. 396 U.S. Ambassador to the Russian Fed- James F. Collins confirmed July 31. eration 396 U.S. Ambassador to the United King- Philip Lader confirmed July 31. dom Transportation Department 403 Administrator, Federal Aviation Admin- Jane Garvey confirmed July 31. istration Veterans Affairs Department 470 Secretary Jesse Brown resigned (effective July 1). Central Intelligence Agency 492 Director George J. Tenet confirmed July 10. Corporation for National and Community Service 498 Member, Board of Directors Louis Caldera confirmed July 31. Export-Import Bank of the United States 518 Chairman and President James A. Harmon confirmed June 12 (sworn in June 17). RECENT CHANGES 859

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518 Vice Chairman and First Vice Presi- Jackie M. Clegg confirmed June 12 (sworn in June 17). dent Office of Personnel Management 635 Deputy Director Janice R. Lachance confirmed July 31. Postal Rate Commission 648 Commissioner George A. Omas confirmed July 31. U.S. International Development Cooperation Agency 692 President, Overseas Private Invest- George MunÄoz confirmed July 31. ment Corporation