Ford Thunderbird

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Ford Thunderbird Ford Thunderbird Ford Thunderbird Fabricante Ford Motor Company 1955 - 1997 2002 - 2005 Período 2012 - Segmento F Tipo El Ford Thunderbird es un automóvil de lujo del segmento F fabricado en los Estados Unidos por la Ford Motor Company. El nombre del Ford Thunderbird proviene del folklore nativo americano de Arizona y Nuevo México. Cuenta la mitología que el Thunderbird (Pájaro del trueno) gobernaba en el cielo y era el ayudante divino del hombre. Sus grandes alas batientes, invisibles para los mortales, originaban los vientos y los truenos, dando lugar a las tormentas del desierto que proporcionaban a los indios estadounidenses el agua para seguir viviendo en la sequedad en la que les había situado el destino en América del Norte. La idea era llamar al Thunderbird Fairlane, pero se consideraron muchas otras opciones; por ejemplo, aun cuando Lewis D. Crusoe se inclinó por el nombre alternativo de Savile, fue él quién convocó a un concurso entre los empleados de Ford Motor Company para sugerir un nombre. El ganador recibiría un premio de USD $250. Alden "Gib" Giberson, un estilista nativo del suroeste, sugirió el nombre de "Thunderbird". Contenido • 1 Visión general • 2 Primera generación (1955 - 1957): los "Classic Birds" o "Little Birds" • 3 Segunda generación (1958 - 1960): "Square Birds" • 4 Tercera generación (1961 - 1963): "Bullet Birds" • 5 Cuarta generación (1964 - 1966): "Flair Birds" • 6 Quinta generación (1967 - 1969): "Glamour Birds" • 7 Sexta generación (1970 - 1971): "Bunkie's Birds" • 8 Séptima generación (1972 - 1976): "Big Birds" • 9 Octava generación (1977 - 1979): "Torino Birds" • 10 Novena generación (1980 - 1982): "Box Birds" • 11 Décima generación (1983 - 1986): "Aero Birds" • 12 Undécima generación (1987 - 1988): "Bubble Birds" • 13 Duodécima generación: (1989 - 1997) "Super Birds" • 14 Decimotercera generación: "Retro Birds" (2002 - 2005) • 15 Enlaces externos Visión general [editar] La creación de este coche se atribuye a un antiguo ejecutivo de General Motors, Lewis D. Crusoe, un vicepresidente de Ford, George Walker y un diseñador de Ford, Frank Hershey. Entró en la producción para el año 1955 como un modelo de automóvil deportivo de dos plazas, pero, a diferencia del similar Chevrolet Corvette, el Thunderbird nunca fue vendido como un verdadero automóvil deportivo. Ford lo describió como un coche de lujo personal, una descripción que nombró a un nuevo segmento del mercado. En 1958, el Thunderbird adquirió una segunda fila de asientos. Las generaciones posteriores se hicieron cada vez más grandes hasta que en 1977 se presentó una generación de tamaño menor, continuándose ésa tendencia de reducción de tamaño en las generaciones de 1980, y otra vez en 1983. Las ventas fueron buenas hasta la década de 1990, cuando los grandes coupés de 2 puertas lo hicieron impopular, la producción cesó después de 1997. En 1999 en el Salón del Automóvil de Detroit se presentó un prototipo que retomó el nombre Thunderbird, este modelo se basó en una interpretación moderna del descapotable de dos plazas original de 1955. En 2002 fue lanzado nuevamente como modelo de 2 plazas, ésta vez con un diseño "retro" que recuerda a la primera generación, que estuvo disponible hasta el final del año 2005. Primera generación (1955 - 1957): los "Classic Birds" o "Little Birds" Primera generación "Classic Birds" Fabricante Ford Motor Company Período 1955 - 1957 Dearborn, Míchigan Fábricas Descapotable 2 puertas Carrocerías Hardtop 2 puertas Motores: 292 in³ Y-block V8 Configuración 312 in³ Y-block V8 Largo 4.45 Largo / ancho / alto / batalla El primer modelo del Thunderbird fue presentado en el Salón del Automóvil de Detroit en febrero de 1954, y el día 22 de octubre de 1954 se empezó a vender como un modelo de 1955. Durante los primeros 10 días, recibió 3.500 peticiones. Ford había calculado construir 10.000 unidades, pero eventualmente en 1955 las ventas fueron de 16.155. El Thunderbird incluía un techo extraible de fibra de vidrio. También de fábrica se ofrece una versión con techo descapotable, "convertible". El motor era un V8 Y-block de origen Mercury de 4,8 L (292 in³)de 198 caballos de fuerza para la versión automatica y 193 caballos de fuerza para la versión manual. Para el año 1956 las modificaciones fueron imperceptibles. El emblema del frente, sobre la parrila se cambió de un par de banderas a cuadros cruzados por un símbolo estilizado del Thunderbird de indio americano. El área de los faros ahora tenían un armazón. La insignia V-8 con el "8" dentro de la "V" apareció constantemente en la publicidad de 1955, pero el motor oficialmente era descrito como "Y-Block V-8". En 1956 la publicidad de Ford mostraba derechos reservados pra la nomenclatura "Y-8". Esto explicaba el porque la insignia V-8 desapareció. En los costados del T-Bird se agregó una compuerta de ventilación para reducir el calentamiento en el interior del auto. Con el mismo objetivo se agregaron aletas de ventilación laterales en el marco del parabrisas. El cambio más obvio fue el kit de llanta continental que se colocó en la parte trasera del auto y era incluido como accesorio estándar. Se añade más espacio al portaequipajes. Se añaden "air wind" para mejorar la ventilación. Para mejorar la visión posterior de la versión de techo extraíble se añaden unas pequeñas ventanas "Port Window" en los laterales. Un motor V8 Y-block de 5,1 L (312 in³) se deja como opción única al final de 1956. En 1957 solo se hacen grandes cambios externos pero pequeños mecánicamente, se le coloca una parrila más grande para mejorar el sistema de enfriamiento, la forma frontal fue modificada y se incorpora el nombre de "Thunderbird" cromado justo al frente. La carrocería de 1957 se alargó 15 cm respecto a años anteriores, porque la llanta de refacción pasó de estar en el exterior a la cajuela; esto hizo que su almacenamiento fuera más fácil, Ford explicó que esa medida también mejoró el manejo del auto debido a una distribución más uniforme del peso. Una nueva idea en las radios del Thunderbird estaba disponible. Tenia un receptor sensible a la velocidad. Era un dispositivo electrónico construido entre la radio y el distribuidor. Este dispositivo aumentaba el volumen del radio conforme el auto aceleraba. Al incrementarse la velocidad del motor, un condensador conectado en serie con el distribuidor generaba una señal para incrementar el volumen. Esto mantenía el nivel de recepción de audio balanceado con el ruido generado por la conducción. Como medida de seguridad se agregó en el Thunderbird 1957 una franja reflectora en la parte inferior interna de la puerta. Cuando la puerta se abría de noche , las luces de lo autos que se aproximaban por la parte porterior del auto se reflejaban en la franja. El 1957 se considera el modelo más popular de los "Little Bird". Las opciones del motor y la trasmisión también aumentaron al montarle un V-8 estándar 292 & 312, que va de 212 a 340 caballos de potencia. Las ventas fueron de 31.380, incluyendo 3 meses extra porque los modelos de 1958 sufrieron un retraso. El último "Little Bird" sale de la línea de ensamble el 13 de diciembre de 1957. Este será el último Thunderbird de 2 asientos que fabrica hasta el modelo compacto deportivo Ford EXP de 1982. Segunda generación (1958 - 1960): "Square Birds" Segunda generación "Square Birds" Fabricante Ford Motor Company Período 1958 - 1960 Wixom, Míchigan Fábricas Cupé hardtop 2 puertas Carrocerías Descapotable 2 puertas Configuración Motores: 352 in³ FE V8 430 in³ MEL V8 El Square Bird de cuatro pasajeros aparece por primera vez en 1958, en una fiesta de Año Nuevo celebrada en el exclusivo Thunderbird Golf Club de Palm Springs, California. Los directivos de Ford se vieron obligados a tomar una difícil decisión respecto al futuro que le darían a la línea del Thunderbird. Ciertamente los Little Bird habían tenido buenas ventas, pero los distribuidores Ford estaban recibiendo quejas relevantes de los dueños, quienes protestaban por el limitado espacio para el conductor y la falta del asiento trasero. Asimismo, aunque el Thunderbird de dos plazas había vendido más unidades que sus competidores directos, Ford no había logrado llegar a los niveles de ganancia que ambicionaba. El mercado de los autos de dos plazas, que había experimentado un fuerte crecimiento a principios de los años cincuenta, ya no crecía más. Por si fuera poco el Thunderbird no era considerado por los expertos como un verdadero deportivo. Nunca fue capaz de satisfacer las exigencias de los entusiastas de este nicho de mercado. En este punto, después de tres años en el mercado el Thunderbird de dos plazas no estaba generando adecuadas utilidades. Ford desarrolló la idea de un auto de cuatro asientos, en sustitución del querido biplaza. Inicialmente, el diseñador del producto, Tom Case, pretendió seguir ofreciendo el modelo de dos plazas con un nuevo sistema de fuerza en la capota, adicional al modelo de 4 plazas, pero el nuevo gerente general de la división, Robert S. McNamara se negó y ordenó enérgicamente a Case que se olvidara del modelo de dos plazas. La producción del Thunderbird de cuatro plazas se inició el 13 de enero de 1958. Se había planeado su producción en una planta totalmente nueva en Wixon, Michigan, junto con el Lincoln Continental Mark III. La introducción a los distribuidores del nuevo Thunderbird tuvo lugar el 13 de febrero de 1958. Este ha sido uno de los cambios más completos que ha sufrido un auto en su historia. Era más largo, su construcción era en un chasis de una sola pieza y tenía varias innovaciones tecnológicas. Inicialmente sólo estuvo disponible el Thunderbird como Hardtop. El convertible salió hasta junio de 1958. Este modelo tuvo la primera capota automática en un Thunderbird.
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