Handout Helmholtz Space Life Sciences Research School - SpaceLife

An Interdisciplinary Doctoral Candidate Program Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany

Impressum: Description of the Helmholtz Space Life Sciences Research School (SpaceLife)

October 2008

Editor: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) in der Helmholtz‐Gemeinschaft

Editorial Office: Dr. Christine E. Hellweg

Institut für Luft‐ und Raumfahrtmedizin

Linder Höhe

51147 Köln

Germany

E‐mail: [email protected]

Design of the front page: CD Werbeagentur GmbH, Burgstraße 17, 53842 Troisdorf

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Helmholtz Space Life Sciences Research School SpaceLife

Contents

Introduction 4 Scientific Program 6 Topics and Doctoral Theses 8 Radiation Biology 8 Gravitational Biology 13 Astrobiology 19 Space Physiology and Psychology 21 Professional Training Program 25 Thesis Supervision 25 Curriculum 26 Management Structure 40 Members 42 DLR Institute of Aerospace Medicine 43 Partner Universities 44 Associated Partners 45 Faculty Member Profiles 48 Profiles of the SpaceLife Associated Partners 77 Member Group Locations 84 Application 85 Contact 86

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SpaceLife Introduction

The Helmholtz Space Life All students attend lectures in Doctoral students from Sciences Research School different subfields of space life Hamburg, Kiel, Aachen and (SpaceLife) offers excellent and sciences to attain an overview of Regensburg attend the lectures interdisciplinary training for the field: radiation and using teleconference tools, or doctoral students from different gravitational biology, block courses will be offered. fields (biology, physics, astrobiology and space Some elective courses take place psychology, veterinary medicine, physiology, including at the University of Bonn and the nutrition or sports sciences) and psychological aspects of short DSHS Cologne. The all countries. In each generation, and long term space missions. spokesperson bears up to 25 students can participate Seminars, advanced lectures, responsibility for SpaceLife. in the three‐year program. At the laboratory courses and stays at SpaceLife is organized by the DLR, up to 13 doctoral students labs at the partner institutions or coordinator and the secretary. will participate in SpaceLife. Up abroad are offered as elective The scientific members of to twelve doctoral students at course and will provide in‐depth SpaceLife form the Faculty which the partner universities can be knowledge of the chosen subfield meets annually. The Faculty admitted to SpaceLife. Students or will allow to appropriate elects a Faculty Panel who assists will learn to develop integrated innovative methods. In Journal the coordinator and the concepts to solve health issues in Clubs of the participating spokesperson in the student human spaceflight and in related working groups, doctoral selection process and in disease patterns on Earth, and to students will learn critical reading formation of the curriculum. The further explore the requirements of scientific literature, first steps doctoral students elect a for life in extreme environments, in peer review, scientific writing Doctoral Spokesperson who enabling a better understanding during preparation of their own participates in meetings of the of the ecosystem Earth and the publication, and writing of the Faculty and the Faculty Panel. search for life on other planets in thesis. The training of soft skills unmanned and manned will be offered as block course in missions. cooperation with other Thesis supervision is close Helmholtz Research Schools. The meshed by two specialist whole program encompasses 246 Supervisors from DLR and the hours and is organized in partner university, and a Mentor, semester terms. Most of the as well as annual progress reports lectures will take place in by the doctoral student in a Cologne at the Institute of Students’ Workshop. Aerospace Medicine.

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SpaceLife Scientific Program

The mission of the Helmholtz In the short term, Aurora fea‐ missions and by investigating the Space Life Sciences Research tures robotic missions while at extraordinary capability of School (SpaceLife) is to contri‐ the same time preparing for terrestrial microorganisms to bute to understanding the space future human exploration mis‐ adapt to and live under extreme frontier and the opportunities, sions. Humans bring speed, environmental conditions. capabilities, and limitations of agility, versatility and intelli‐ A key priority of European humans living and working on gence to exploration in a way human spaceflight activities that frontier and of the spread of that robots cannot. Although it is remains the effective use of the life in the universe. The true that humans will face many International Space Station (ISS) program’s objective is to dangers and obstacles operating in the next 10 years in order to investigate the complex inter‐ on other planets, mostly due to maximize the return on European actions of space environmental their physiological limitations investment. This aligns well with factors and humans or other when compared to robots, the the current German Space Life organisms. To accomplish its potential scientific returns is Sciences Program, in which three mission, SpaceLife implements a more than sufficient to justify main scientific fields have been broad range of applied and basic employing astronauts as field identified in collaboration with scientific research. Thereby it scientists on other planets. the scientific community: links theoretical and practical However, prior to manned integrative human physiology, approaches of radiation missions to Mars, appropriate biotechnological applications of dosimetry, microbiology, basic guidelines and methods need to the microgravity environment, molecular and cellular research in be developed to protect the and fundamental biology of radiation and gravitational planet from human activities that gravity and radiation responses. biology with translational and may be harmful to its In view of planning long‐duration clinical studies. This research is environment; this includes human exploration missions it is accomplished using ground‐ preventing the introduction of imperative that the ISS is used based laboratories, microgravity terrestrial biochemical com‐ for the preparation of these new environments, space‐analog pounds and microorganisms that endeavors. simulation facilities and if could interfere with the search The ISS is ideally suited for available, space flight for indigenous Martian life, to testing hardware developments, opportunities. The long‐term protect the Earth from and to perform long‐term goal is to contribute to the “safe, potentially harmful agents medical studies, related to future sustained, affordable exploration brought back from Mars or even exploration missions to Moon of the Moon, Mars, and sample return missions upon and Mars. These medical studies beyond...”. The European Space return of the explorers. Answers on humans will be focused on the Agency’s Aurora program and to these planetary protection long‐term effects of the US Vision for Space issues need to be available well microgravity, radiation biology, Exploration aim ultimately to ahead of manned missions to and the psychological effects of land people on Mars, although it Mars, e.g. by testing planetary long duration flight. seems certain that the Moon will protection protocols and be an earlier target. guidelines during precursor

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SpaceLife Scientific Program

The European Columbus labo‐ In fundamental biology, questions are adaptation ratory has been successfully questions on the understanding phenomena to a long‐term launched on February 7, 2008 and of the effects of cosmic radiation microgravity environment, the paves the way for the and of altered gravity existence of sensitive windows in implementation of a significant (microgravity and hypergravity) the development of organisms as ISS utilization program which will on living systems as well as on well as thresholds of further advance technical and the origin and distribution of life graviperception.There is scientific progress in human and its evolution, are tackled. particular interest in the long‐ spaceflight. Radiation is an acknowledged term effects of reduced gravity Space life science research em‐ primary concern for manned on the human body as well as on braces the whole range of stu‐ spaceflight and is a potentially multi‐generation experiments dies from molecular and cellular limiting factor for long term with cells and multicellular biology to whole‐organism phy‐ orbital and interplanetary systems. Of special importance is siology. In the important area of missions. Results from numerous to determine potential gravity human physiology and medi‐ space probes demonstrate thresholds for different body cine, research in the space envi‐ heightened radiation levels functions, in particular with ronment has demonstrated the compared to the Earth's surface regard to loss of muscle and bone potential to provide unique in‐ and a change in the nature of the mass, reduced cardiovascular sights into such areas as gene radiation field ‐ particularly the capacity, functioning of the expression, immunological func‐ presence of high energy heavy central nervous system, and tion, bone physiology, and ions. The biological effects of this immune system deficiencies. neurovestibular and cardio‐ extraordinary radiation quality With respect to future long‐term vascular function. These areas and the depths dose distributions human space missions to Moon are important for understanding in the human body have to be and Mars it is of utmost age‐related phenomena and a assessed for risk estimation and importance to enlarge our range of terrestrial disease countermeasure development. knowledge about life in extreme processes (e.g. osteoporosis, Of central importance is also the environments, to develop, not muscle atrophy, cardiac elucidation of the mechanisms of only adequate countermeasures impairment, and balance and co‐ gravity perception and signal to reduce the effects of low ordination defects), and as such transduction. While there is an gravity, but also to perform have potential medical increase in knowledge of the research into the effects of space applications in prevention, biological and physiological radiation on the human body. diagnosis, and therapy here on consequences of short‐term Therefore, the Institute of Earth. Moreover, research in microgravity, the biological Aerospace Medicine at the DLR space physiology provides a effects of prolonged exposure to establishes the Helmholtz Space stimulus for the development of low, but non‐zero, gravity are Life Sciences Research School innovative medical technology, largely unknown. For example, (SpaceLife) in order to provide much of which is directly more or less open training at the highest level for applicable to terrestrial medicine. excellent young scientists.

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SpaceLife Scientific Program Topics and Doctoral Theses Besides the MATROSHKA Radiation Protection and experiment, the group is in Space Radiation charge– as contractor for ESA – Measurements for the personal dosimetry of Radiation Biology In order to obtain precise data on European Astronauts. This radiation distribution throughout activity is supplemented by area the body during an Extra dose measurements at several Space Radiation Biology seeks to Vehicular Activity (EVA), locations inside the European understand the biological effects MATROSHKA ‐an ESA multi‐user COLUMBUS Module. The of cosmic radiation by applying facility ‐ was developed by the development of active radiation advanced methods of radiation German Aerospace Centre (DLR), detectors – in cooperation with dosimetry and cell biology. For Institute of Aerospace Medicine. the University of Kiel – for the proper risk assessment and The key part of the facility is a European ExoMars and the US amelioration of the effects of human phantom upper torso, MSL Mission, as well as the radiation encountered in space equipped with numerous determination of the radiation the knowledge of the radiation radiation detectors. load on aircrew (LUFTHANSA) distribution throughout the body MATROSHKA was mounted on are further fields of study. and hence on the body dose, of the exterior of the Russian All space studies are the relative biological Service Module of the accompanied by an extensive effectiveness of cosmic radiation, International Space Station (ISS) ground based intercalibration of the effects of other spaceflight in February 2004. After an program. The detection factors on the expression of exposure of about 18 month it efficiency of various passive radiation damage, and of the was brought back inside the ISS (thermoluminescence detectors, underlying biological responses and equipped with new detector nuclear track etch detectors) and are necessary. sets and is still operating. The active (silicon detectors, tissue data gathered ‐ in cooperation equivalent proportional counters) with 19 institutes worldwide ‐ are radiation detectors is used to reduce uncertainties in investigated in various heavy ion risk estimates for radiation‐ and neutron fields, in an induced cancer, and for the international program. refinement of the shielding needs for vehicles used for future long duration missions. They serve as benchmarks for space radiation models and radiation transport calculations and have important implications for ISS crew health and mission planning.

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human space missions. The In the frame of the PhD thesis radiation environment calculations for the radiation encountered in space differs in environment and the radiation nature from that on earth, load onboard the ISS should be Radiation Biology consisting mostly of high performed. The baseline should energetic ions from protons up to be the intercomparison of various iron, resulting in radiation levels input functions – as the different Radiation Protection and far exceeding the ones models for the GCR environment Space Radiation encountered on earth. The – as well as the intercomparison determination of the radiation of various radiation transport Measurements load on humans in earth orbit is codes – either based on Monte an essential task to be followed. Carlo or on the solution of the Topic of Doctoral Thesis Besides the measurements one dimensional Boltzmann Simulations of the radiation performed onboard the ISS – as equation. Based on the output of exposure for human missions in for example in the framework of this work a set of input functions Low Earth orbit and beyond – the MATROSHKA experiment – and transport codes should be correlation with measured space calculations are performed to chosen to simulate various radiation data simulate the radiation radiation experiments currently environment and the interaction performed onboard the ISS – as DLR Supervisor of radiation with matter. The MATROSHKA. The further aim of Dr. Günther Reitz measured data acts hereby as a the thesis is to develop a concise ++49 2203 601 3137 “benchmark” to verify the set of radiation simulation tools – [email protected] applied calculation codes. acting as a baseline requirement Dr. Thomas Berger for further dose calculations and ++49 2203 601 3135 risk assessment for long duration [email protected] human space flight.

University Supervisor

Prof. Dr. Robert F. Wimmer‐

Schweingruber ++49 431 880 3964 [email protected]‐kiel.de

Thesis Description Besides the effects of the microgravity environment, and the psychological and psychosocial problems encountered in confined spaces, The MATROSHKA experiment Galactic Cosmic Ray spectra as input onboard the International Space radiation is the main health functions for radiation transport Station ISS (2008) detriment for long duration codes

SpaceLife ⎪8 SpaceLife Scientific Program Doctoral Theses as having alarm functions for The system will be based on well high radiation dose levels – due established silicon detector to Solar Particle Events – passive technology and will consist in a detectors have to be downloaded baseline configuration of three Radiation Biology to ground for data evaluation. silicon detectors arranged in a X / Besides the measurement of the Y / Z assembly. Besides the radiation environment onboard construction of the system Radiation Protection and the ISS, DLR also performs various ground based Space Radiation routinely measurement flights intercalibration experiments for onboard aircraft, since also detector verifications at Heavy Measurements aircrew members are seen as Ion Accelerators as well as in occupational workers. The aim of different Neutron fields are Topic of Doctoral Thesis this PhD thesis is to develop a foreseen. The output should be a Construction and ground based miniaturized active radiation small robust, easy to handle – verification of a miniaturized detector system, capable to battery driven active detector active radiation measurement determine radiation field system for usage in aircraft as system based on silicon detector parameters as absorbed dose, well as in space dosimetry. technology LET spectra, neutron dose and the biological relevant dose DLR Supervisor equivalent. Dr. Günther Reitz

++49 2203 601 3137

[email protected] Dr. Thomas Berger ++49 2203 601 3135 [email protected]

University Supervisor

Prof. Dr. Robert F. Wimmer‐ Schweingruber +49 (0)431 880 3964 [email protected]‐kiel.de

Thesis Description The current system of radiation detectors onboard the International Space Station is based on active and passive Measured dose rate for an active silicon detector system applied The radiation environment (“Particle radiation measurement systems. onboard the International Space Shower”) in the Earth atmosphere While active radiation detectors Station ISS are capable of data storage and download in real‐time – as well

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SpaceLife Scientific Program Doctoral Theses NF‐κB also enhances the Cellular Radiation Effects expression of degradative and Bystander Effects enzymes, supporting the idea For risk assessment and that it makes a major Radiation Biology countermeasure development, contribution to tumor pathways playing important roles progression. in radiation induced At the Institute of Aerospace cancerogenesis have to be Medicine, the biological effects understood. In view of its tumor‐ of cosmic radiation are analyzed promoting capacity, Nuclear by several approaches: Different Factor κB (NF‐κB) is an radiation qualities (sparsely important factor involved in the ionizing X‐rays, densely ionizing modulation of environment‐ α‐particles and accelerated induced gene expression, heavy ions as well as neutrons) especially in the interplay of the are supposed to have different pro‐apoptotic 53 pathway and induction potencies for the NF‐ the pro‐survival NF‐κB pathway κB and the p53 pathway. Their after low and high dose radiation. effect on the biological outcome The transcription factor p53 plays (alterations in gene expression, a central role as a principal cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and regulator of the G1 cell cycle other types of cell death, DNA checkpoint in maintaining the repair) will be analyzed by integrity of genome after microarrays, real‐time exposure to DNA‐damaging quantitative Reverse agents, thereby acting as a tumor Transcriptase Polymerase Chain suppressor. p53 protein regulates Reaction (qRT‐PCR), the expression of specific genes translocation vectors with involved in growth regulation and fluorescent marker proteins and apoptosis, while NF‐κB regulates immunofluorescence (confocal the expression of specific anti‐ microscopy), pulsed field gel apoptotic genes involved in electrophoresis, inhibitor and innate and adaptive immunity RNA interference studies, and in oncogenesis. Activation of apoptosis assays and flow the NF‐κB pathway gives cytometric cell cycle analysis. transformed cells a growth and survival advantage and further renders tumor cells resistant to chemo‐ and radiation therapy.

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SpaceLife Scientific Program Doctoral Theses

Exposure of human cells to In this thesis, the contribution of ionizing radiation can provoke these pathways to different cell cycle, leading to cellular cellular outcomes (cell cycle senescence or premature arrest, survival, DNA repair, Radiation Biology differentiation, and different different types of cell death) will types of cell death: apoptosis, be analyzed by functional necrosis, mitotic catastrophe. knockout of key components of Cellular Radiation Effects Previous experiments with space the pathways using an RNA and Bystander Effects relevant radiation qualities have interference approach. Small shown that two important interfering RNA constructs Topic of Doctoral Thesis pathways are activated by (shRNA) will be transfected in fluences that can be reached human cells and their The interplay of death, survival during long‐term missions: the functionality assessed by qRT‐ and cell cycle arrest pathways in NF‐κB and the p53 pathway. PCR. radiation‐exposed human cells

DLR Supervisors Control Irradiated Dr. Christa Baumstark‐Khan ++49 2203 601 3140 2.5 % 83.6 % christa.baumstark‐[email protected] Dr. Christine E. Hellweg ++49 2203 601 3243 [email protected]

University Supervisor Activation of the p53 pathway by ionizing radiation, flow cytometric analysis Prof. F. Kreuzaler (RWTH of irradiated human lung epithelial cells carrying a p53‐responsive reporter Aachen) plasmid ++49 241 80 266 33/55 [email protected]‐Aachen.de

Thesis Description Radiation is a potentially limiting factor for long term orbital and interplanetary missions. For better risk estimation and development of appropriate countermeasures, the study of the cellular radiation response is necessary. Reproductive cell death in the cellular radiation response

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SpaceLife Scientific Program Doctoral Theses

For better risk estimation and important NF‐κB and p53 stress development of appropriate response pathways (e.g. countermeasures, the study of GADD45β, NFKBIA, p21, p53R2). the cellular radiation response is In this work, a comprehensive Radiation Biology necessary. Exposure of human study of NF‐κB and p53 target cells to ionizing radiation can gene expression after high and provoke active cellular responses low dose and dose rate exposure Cellular Radiation Effects (cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, of human cells to ionizing and Bystander Effects apoptosis or other forms of cell radiation by commercially type) which rely on gene available qRT‐PCR arrays will be Topic of Doctoral Thesis expression changes. Previous performed and correlated with high‐dose‐rate experiments have different cellular outcomes. Cellular Radiation Effects and shown up‐regulation of several Bystander Effects: Gene target genes of the expression modulation in the cellular radiation response

GADD45β NFκBIA 5 5 DLR Supervisors 2 α-particles 5 α-particles Dr. Christa Baumstark‐Khan 4 4 10 α-particles TNF-α ++49 2203 601 3140 3 3 christa.baumstark‐[email protected] 2 2 Dr. Christine E. Hellweg ++49 2203 601 3243 1 1 [email protected] 0 0 2 α-particles -1 5 α-particles -1 Relative geneexpression [2-log scale] University Supervisor Relative gene expression [2-log scale] 10 α-particles -2 TNF-α -2 Prof. F. Kreuzaler (RWTH 0 4 8 12162024 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 Aachen) Incubation time after irradiation [h] Incubation time after irradiation [h] β ++49 (0)241 80 266 33/55 Expression of the growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene GADD45 and of the inhibitor of NF‐κB gene (NFKBIA) in human embryonic kidney [email protected]‐Aachen.de cells after exposure to nucleus‐targeted α‐particles

Thesis Description Radiation is a potentially limi‐ ting factor for long term orbital and interplanetary missions. The exposure of astronauts to space radiation differs in quality and quantity compared to other occupationally exposed radiation Exposure of human cells to energetic heavy ions at the “Grand Accélérateur workers. des Ions Lourds” (GANIL) in Caen, France

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SpaceLife Scientific Program Doctoral Theses

undisturbed under this condition. rotation in a clinostat). However, a systematic approach Combination with our irradiation and multi‐generation facilities (see section Radiation experiments with animals and Biology) enables the Gravitational Biology plants in microgravity are investigation of the combined necessary as they are the key effect of functional players in life support systems weightlessness and radiation. Correspondingly, different The evolution of life on Earth which are necessary for long‐ centrifuge devices – such as occurred under the persistent term manned space missions. centrifuge microscope (NIZEMI = influence of gravity. As gravity is Space simulation Niedergeschwindigkeits‐ constant with respect to its facilities Zentrifugenmikroskop) ‐ direction and magnitude, the complete our experimental In addition to rather exclusive vectorial information of scenario. Furthermore, the gravitational acceleration is a experiments under real Institute of Aerospace Medicine most reliable reference point for microgravity conditions, different is the facility responsible centre orientation. Sensors for the ground‐based methods have for Biolab, a laboratory facility on gravity stimulus, specialized been developed to achieve either ISS. Biolab provides the organelles for gravity sensing and the status of functional possibility to investigate various mechanisms for active responses weightlessness or hypergravity cell types and small biological have been found in unicellular (artificial gravity) conditions. The systems (plants and animals) organisms as well as in DLR Institute of Aerospace under microgravity conditions. multicellular animal and plant Medicine has a long‐term systems. Recent studies support experience in developing and the hypothesis that gravity is using space simulation facilities: perceived either by intracellular so‐called clinostats enable the receptors (statocyst‐like rotation of a sample organelles), heavy cell organelles perpendicular to the gravitational (such as nucleus) and/or by field assuming that a sensing the cell mass by means continuously reoriented of ion channels located in the cell biological system does not membrane. Consequently the perceive the gravitational question arises about a general stimulus. The results of some gravisensitivity of cells including experiments also performed in mammalian cells. real microgravity conditions Though severe effects of support this hypothesis. Various microgravity on cells (e.g. clinostat devices have been lymphocytes) have been stated, constructed enabling a broad the development of complex variety of experimental organisms occurs more or less performances (e.g. microscopic DLR short arm human centrifuge observation of the sample during (SAHC); bottom EEG ActiCap®.

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SpaceLife Scientific Program Doctoral Theses OMEGAHAB is an aquatic life Thesis Description support system developed by the Few is known about the effects of universities of Erlangen and long‐term altered gravity Hohenheim. It is dedicated for Gravitational Biology conditions on the development testing various physiological and the physiology of organisms. parameters and the interaction In particular, it has never been of unicellular algae (E. gracilis, a Space simulation analyzed if altered gravity such phytoflagellate) and developing facilities as hypergravity may affect cichlid fish (O. mosambicus). It interactive processes among has been successfully flown in the Topic of Doctoral Thesis plant and animal species housed FOTON M‐3 space/satellite within a closed bioregenerative mission. Within this system, the Physiology and interaction of life support system. Such devices algae profit from the fish waste organisms under altered gravity are favored in numerous products and the fish profit from conditions using a conceptual studies and the oxygen of the algae. bioregenerative life support comparatively simple entities system Aim of the thesis is to study the have already been developed due influence of increased DLR Supervisors to the following reasons: Such acceleration (hypergravity up to systems are regarded to be of 3g) on different physiological Prof. Dr. Ralf Anken high value in analyzing trophic, parameters of the organisms. ++49 2203 601 3420 ecophysiological parameters Thus, the life support system has [email protected] eventually leading to solutions to be adapted to the short arm PD Dr. Ruth Hemmersbach concerning the provision of human centrifuge (SAHC) at ++49 2203 601 3094 animal protein, oxygen and DLR. Then, the system will be [email protected] further consumables for long‐ exposed to hypergravity University Supervisor term manned space missions, conditions under the variation of and these systems are useful time and amount of acceleration. PD Dr. Markus Braun platforms to maintain Experiment analyses will cover ++49 228 732686 experimental animals and plants computer analysis of videos mbraun@uni‐bonn.de under altered gravity conditions. (behavior and morphometric Further partners parameters of the organisms) up to morphological investigations Institute of Plant Ecophysiology, including light (laser‐scan, University of Erlangen‐Nürnberg fluorescence) as well as & Institute of Zoology, University biochemical/molecular analyses. of Hohenheim

OMEGAHAB (Oreochromis mossambicus Euglena gracilis

Aquatic Habitat) – Flight module Oreochromis mossambicus Euglena gracilis

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SpaceLife Scientific Program Doctoral Theses spatial identification and ana‐ Thesis Description lysis of brain cortical activity via Studies of the last decade have traditional EEG recordings and well documented influences of has recently been established to Gravitational Biology changes in gravitational forces on show gravity induced changes cardiovascular, muscle and bone (weightlessness & hyper‐g). physiology. Beyond these topics, Aims of this doctoral thesis are to Space simulation there has been an increased correlate central and peripheral facilities focus on the interactions parameters of artificial gravity as between central nervous activity well as the impact of artificial Topic of Doctoral Thesis and changing gravity conditions. gravity on mood and sleep Recent studies have related The effects of artificial gravity on regulation. Subjects will be hypergravity (hyper‐g) to brain cortical function. exposed to various gravity levels, decreases in both sensorimotor Localization of electro cortical as 0,38 Gz (Martian acceleration) and cognitive abilities. Due to activity using EEG tomography and 1 Gz as both proposed to be technical and organizational and its impact on performance, used in countermeasures limits, it has not been possible to stress/ arousal and sleep protocols, as well as higher levels apply imaging methods to study regulation. as two and three times terrestrial brain metabolism in a hyper‐g gravity (Gz) while wearing an DLR Supervisor environment. Therefore, it active electrode cap (ActiCAp®, remains unclear whether these Brain Products, Munich). Apart Dr. Sven Baerwalde alterations in sensorimotor and from the electroencephalogram ++49 2203 601 3130 cognitive function are the (EEG) a wide variety of peripheral [email protected] primary physiological effects of physiological parameters (e.g. University Supervisor changed gravity conditions, or heart rate, blood pressure, whether they are secondary electromyogram (EMG), motor Prof. Heiko Strüder effects associated with performance) and psychological Institute of Motor Control and environmental and physiological parameters (mood) will be Movement Technique (German factors such as for example recorded in order to correlate Sport University Cologne) workload or hemodynamic central and peripheral aspects of ++49 221 4982 4190 changes. The use of the DLR hyper‐g and its influence on strueder@dshs‐koeln.de short arm human centrifuge performance and wellbeing. (SAHC) in combination with These extensive experiments electromyography offers a seem to be of fundamental unique research platform to interest as the SAHC is planned explore possible effects of to be used during manned space changed gravity conditions on flight to act as a countermeasure human physiology and to weightlessness induced psychology. Standardized low deficits in physiological and resolution brain electromagnetic performance parameters. tomography (sLORETA) enables

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SpaceLife Scientific Program Doctoral Theses For human melanocytes, it has Thus, cGMP appears to be been shown that signaling via the important in the adaptation second messenger cyclic process of human melanocytes guanosine 3’:5’‐monophosphate to gravitational stress and Gravitational Biology (cGMP) plays an important role in important for malignant melanocyte biology, e.g., the transformation. The scientific nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylyl goal is therefore to investigate Human cells cyclase (sGC)/cGMP pathway is the role of NO and cGMP‐ involved in UVB‐induced modulated gene expression Gravity alteration (micro‐ and melanogenesis and melanocyte‐ which is involved in hypergravity) is known to extracellular matrix component (patho)physiological processes influence cell functions. Space interactions, which may such as the regulation of experiments with different cell contribute to loss of melanocytes melanocyte and melanoma cell systems have shown altered or melanoma metastasis. In proliferation and apoptosis, gene expression and signal addition, we found that different melanogenesis, cell‐cell and cell‐ transduction, chromosomal guanylyl cyclase isoforms are extracellular matrix interactions, abnormalities as well as changes responsible for cGMP synthesis in or metastasis under the in energy metabolism, cell melanocytic cells. Furthermore, conditions of simulated and/or proliferation, and the we could demonstrate that the real microgravity (s. Space cytoskeleton. We are especially cGMP turnover is altered under simulation facilities) with or interested in the regulation of variable gravity conditions without an irradiation. signaling activities in normal and (hypergravity): normal transformed cells under altered melanocytes and nonmetastatic, gravity conditions, e.g. how but not highly metastatic cells normal and transformed human responded with an increase in melanocytes respond to changed cGMP efflux under conditions of environmental factors. These reduced cGMP hydrolysis or studies are essential with respect accelerated cGMP synthesis, to the minimization of the cancer which was related to an risk for astronauts during long‐ enhanced expression of the term spaceflight. multidrug resistance proteins 4/5 as selective cGMP exporters as shown on mRNA and protein levels using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analysis.

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SpaceLife Scientific Program Doctoral Theses

For human melanocytic cells, it nocytic cells to hypergravity. The has been shown that signaling via aim of the thesis will be to the nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic investigate whether the guanosine 3’:5’‐monophosphate NO/cGMP‐pathway is involved in Gravitational Biology (cGMP) plays an important role in the regulation of melanocyte and the melanocyte biology, e.g., the melanoma cell growth, NO/soluble guanylyl cyclase melanogenesis, and cell‐ECM Human Cells (sGC)/cGMP pathway is involved interactions under the conditions in UVB‐induced melanogenesis, of simulated microgravity with or Topic of Doctoral Thesis melanocyte‐extracellular matrix without an irradiation. These Gravity effects on human cells ‐ (ECM) component interactions, studies could be essential with Role of nitric oxide and cyclic which may contribute to loss of respect to the minimization of GMP signaling in the melanocyte melanocytes (e.g., vitiligo) or the skin disease risk, especially response to simulated melanoma metastasis and in the melanoma for astronauts during microgravity response of human mela‐ long‐term spaceflight.

DLR Supervisor

Dr. Krassimira Ivanova ++49 2203 601 3074 [email protected] NO/NO Donors ANP/BNP G ua BAY Compounds n Gu yly a l n C y y UV-B University Supervisor ly c l las GTP C y e cla s Prof. Dr. Rupert Gerzer (RWTH e Fe2+ Aachen) sGC α β ++49 2203 601 3115 Efflux pGC CNG Channels [email protected] cGMP MRP4/5 cGMP

PDE PKG KT5823 TQ Thesis Description Hyper- GMP Protein- P PDE Gravity alteration (micro‐ and g IBMX hypergravity) is known to influence cell functions. In spite of the growing interest in the NO‐cGMP signaling in melanocytes. regulation of signaling activities cGMP: cyclic guanosine 3’:5’‐monophosphate; sGC: soluble guanylyl cyclase in normal and transformed cells [modulators: NO (nitric oxide)/NO donors, BAY Compounds and UV‐B); pGC: under altered gravity conditions, particulate guanylyl cyclase [modulators: ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)/BNP (brain little is known how normal natriuretic peptide)]; PDE: phosphodiesterase; IBMX: non‐selective inhibitor of PDE; PKG: cGMP‐dependet protein kinase; KT5823: selective inhibitor of PKG; MRP4/5: human melanocytes and multidrug resistance proteins 4 and 5; TQ (trequinsin): selective inhibitor of cGMP‐ melanoma cells respond to such binding cGMP‐specific PDE (PDE5) and MRP4/5; CNG channels (cyclic nucleotide‐ environmental factors. gated channels); hyper‐g: hypergravity.

SpaceLife ⎪17 SpaceLife Scientific Program Doctoral Theses physiological processes in the Finally, we were able to show, skin including erythema, that NHMs and non‐metastatic inflammation, and MCs, but not highly MCs respond cancerogenesis. The soluble to long‐term hyper‐g exposure Gravitational Biology guanylyl cyclase (sGC), a key with an extrusion of cGMP under transducer in the NO signaling, conditions of reduced cGMP catalyzes the formation of hydrolysis or accelerated cGMP Human Cells guanosine 3´,5´‐cyclic synthesis (e.g., by NO). The monophosphate (cGMP). For elevated cGMP efflux was related Topic of Doctoral Thesis human melanocytic cells, we and to hyper‐g‐induced increase in Melanoma‐endothelial cell others have shown that signaling the expression of the selective interactions in gravitational via the NO‐cGMP play an cGMP exporters the multidrug stress: role of nitric oxide, important role in melanocyte resistance proteins 4 and 5. The natriuretic peptides, and cGMP (patho)biology, e.g., the effects of extracellular cGMP in NO/sGC/cGMP pathway is the cell‐cell communications DLR Supervisor involved in UVB‐induced particularly in the interplay of Dr. Krassimira Ivanova melanogenesis and melanocyte‐ MCs with other cell types of the ++49 2203 601 3074 extracellular matrix (ECM) tumor microenvironment [email protected] interactions, which may including endothelial cells are contribute to loss of melanocytes however not well investigated. In University Supervisor (e.g., vitiligo) or melanoma the frame of the current space Prof. Dr. Rupert Gerzer (RWTH metastasis. Melanoma is a deadly exploration, studies on the Aachen) skin cancer that arises from influence of altered gravity on ++49 2203 601 3115 transformed melanocytes and is melanocyte (patho)physiology [email protected] characterized by a resistance to are of special interest. The aim of chemotherapy. Moreover, we the thesis will be to investigate found differential expression of the role of NO, natriuretic Thesis Description guanylyl cyclase (GC) in peptides and cGMP in Nitric oxide (NO) has a melanocytic cells. Normal human melanoma‐endothelial cell prominent role in many (patho) melanocytes (NHMs) and non‐ interactions (important for metastatic melanoma cells (MCs) metastasis) using centrifuges predominantly express the sGC, and/or clinostats. These studies which appears to be associated could be essential with respect to with melanogenesis, whereas the the minimization of the risk absences of NO‐sensitive sGC, and/or treatment of skin disease but up‐regulated activities of the particularly of melanoma that natriuretic peptide‐sensitive contain high levels of Expression of NOS in melanocytes. membrane isoforms were found vascularization for astronauts Immunocytochemical analysis of in highly metastatic phenotypes. during long‐term spaceflight. neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) expression in normal human melanocytes by indirect immunostaining of adherent cells.

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SpaceLife Scientific Program Doctoral Theses such as impacts or by robotic The Research School provides spacecraft, but they most the unique opportunity to join certainly will accompany human the biological resources of the missions. Life forms will be Regensburg Archaea Centre with Astrobiology challenged by extremes in the equipment and expertise of temperature, pressure, radiation the DLR research group 'Photo‐ and the availability of nutrients. and Exobiology', where Astrobiology is the Studies of adaptation and laboratory and space interdisciplinary study of life in survival will indicate not only experiments concerning research the universe, focused primarily whether microbial life can on viability and adaptability to on investigations to the origin, expand its evolutionary space as well as to simulated distribution and evolution of life. trajectories beyond Earth but Martian conditions are One major astrobiological also how it can play key accomplished. The molecular and research topic encompasses the supporting roles in human cellular mechanisms for the question of what kind of exploration. adaptation to extreme environments can life tolerate. In The Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie environmental conditions and the last decades the number of and the Archaea Centre of the the capability to repair different organisms discovered at University of Regensburg have a kinds of damages will be locations, which would have been long‐lasting expertise in investigated in several microbial classified still recently as 'life‐ isolating, growing and model organisms. The response hostile', has increased characterizing extremophilic of cells exposed to vacuum and immensely. Examples of such Bacteria and Archaea. These ionizing radiation will be tested, extremophilic terrestrial microorganisms are able to thrive and the cellular content of small organisms are microorganisms under physicochemical and large molecules which are from hot springs, hydrothermal conditions which are extreme known to help microorganisms to vents, deserts, permafrost, salt and hostile for most life forms sustain extreme conditions, like crystals, and very acid or basic known on this planet. They are a compatible solutes and protein water. The increasing knowledge rich resource of model organisms complexes called chaperonins of the microbial adaptability and also for studying the effect of will be analyzed. Both molecules its fundamental molecular conditions in outer space or on have been described to mechanisms enable the other planets of our solar system, accumulate to great extent in the estimation of their hypothetical concerning radiation of various cytosol upon exposure to stress viability on other planets in our kinds (UV, ionizing), and extreme conditions. solar system, e.g. on Mars. The draught, i.e. low water pressure. The results of these ongoing ability of life to move beyond While the Archaea Centre in investigations are also important Earth will depend upon the Regensburg has tested the for the development of ESA potential for microorganisms to microorganisms under several planetary protection guidelines utilize resources, and to adapt kinds of extreme conditions, for the future exploration of our and evolve in extraterrestrial further astrobiological solar system. environments. Viable experiments cannot be microorganisms might be performed in Regensburg. transported by natural events

SpaceLife ⎪19

SpaceLife Scientific Program Doctoral Theses kGy, which induce 150 to 200 shorter wavelengths may DNA double‐strand breaks per become more prevailing in the chromosome. Regarding its future due to the loss of ozone in polyextremophile features, D. the stratosphere. Therefore, it is Astrobiology radiodurans has been considered crucial to gain a better a model for astrobiological understanding of the damaging studies concerning the survival effects of polychromatic Topic of Doctoral Thesis under space or Mars conditions. environmental UV radiation as Comparison of UV and Recently, a novel thermophilic, well as the mechanisms for repair desiccation resistance of the hydrogen‐oxidizing bacterium, of this damage. In previous thermophilic, hydrogen‐oxidizing called Hydrogenothermus mari‐ studies of the DLR Exobiology bacterium Hydrogenothermus nus has been isolated from a workgroup, the induction and marinus to the polyextremophilic, marine hydrothermal area of repair of UV‐induced highly radiation‐resistant Vulcano Island, Italy. First experi‐ photoproducts in various bacterium Deinococcus ments could show that cells of microorganisms was examined, radiodurans: DNA damage this microaerophile microorga‐ but other kinds of damage induction and repair nism are very resistant to desic‐ remain to be elucidated. In this cation, even under aerobic con‐ thesis, new methods will be used DLR Supervisor ditions. While very few is known to study in detail the survivability Dr. Petra Rettberg about the radiation and desic‐ and DNA damage profiles ++49 2203 601 4637 cation resistance of thermophilic induced by different qualities of [email protected] bacteria, a direct comparison of UV radiation, as well as the repair H. marinus with one of most kinetics in D. radiodurans and H. University Supervisor radiation‐resistant microbe on marinus to determine effect‐ PD Dr. Reinhard Rachel Earth will give insights in the UV tiveness of selected DNA repair (Universität Regensburg) photobiology and desiccation pathways in both species. Further ++49 941 943 2837 resistance of these bacteria. The on, oxidative protein damage by [email protected]‐ terrestrial UV spectrum extends radiation‐ or desiccation‐induced Regensburg.de from about 290 to 400 nm, but radicals will also be of great interest, since this is considered Thesis Description to be one of the factors of cellular Deinococcus radiodurans is a red‐ ageing processes. pigmented, non‐sporulating, heterotrophic bacterium that is characterized by an extraordinary ability to withstand the lethal effects of DNA‐damaging agents, including ionizing and UV DNA damage induced by UV radiation, desiccation, and D. radiodurans cells covered with radiation and repair pathways. oxidants. The organism can (below) & without (above) soil survive up to 15 particles (SEM)

SpaceLife ⎪20

SpaceLife Scientific Program Doctoral Theses or chronic diseases of the neuro‐ We therefore intend to verify and musculo‐skeletal system. Insofar, apply a Sensodrive‐leg press as the foreseen projects will aim at an upgrade and technological astronauts, ageing people and progress of the current flywheel Space Physiology patients. Under consideration are device. Robotic controlled special training measurements Sensodrives have originally been and nutraceuticals with a developed for ultra light weight postulated positive effect on robotic arms on the ISS. This Bone and muscle loss in muscle and/or bone mass and novel technology combined with space function. To conduct research in a leg press allows the application Microgravity is a challenging this field on Earth, methods using of various patterns of force and environment for the human 6° head‐down tilt bed rest velocity at any angle of the hips, organism. In particular, the (HDTBR) as a simulation model the knees, or the ankles during mechanical loading of muscles for muscle and bone unloading leg movement. During training and bones in the back, the hip (immobilization) are utilized. the subject must not adapt to the area, and the legs is severely The adequate stimulus for physical properties of the device, reduced in microgravity muscle growth keeping or but like a physiotherapist the compared to earthbound increasing muscle trophy and device with its one intelligent conditions. This leads to strength is a given by a robotic motor control also adapts sarcopenia and osteoporosis. For combination of high intense to the needs of the subject. Time long‐term spaceflight, the muscle contraction and passive optimized and variable training deconditioning of the musculo‐ stretches. These stimuli are e.g. stimuli and protocols can be skeletal system belongs to the provided by concentric‐eccentric developed, that provide most risky physiological changes resistive exercise or by jumps and optimum intense and maximum observed in response to landings. Bone growth is locally save stimuli for all groups of leg microgravity. To obtain health triggered by strain and the best muscles and bones. The and effectiveness of astronauts strain pattern in a bone is simulation of naturally earth especially for planned long‐ naturally generated by high bound situations like hopping or duration space flights, it is intense muscle work or by trampoline jumping will mandatory to develop efficient impacts like the heel impact on potentially also keep up motor countermeasures. Current ground during running. control and balance. Little is countermeasures are either less A most time efficient training of known about the interrelations effective or too time‐consuming all leg muscles is given by a leg between muscle fatigue and the for application during long‐term press like apparatus. In growth stimulus of training. The mission. New developments are microgravity, heavy weights combination of the Sensodrive mandatory in order to keep cannot provide counter forces for leg press and a lower body muscle and bone function during muscle training. Existing, even negative pressure device will be the astronauts’ long‐term flight. newly developed training devices built to study the effects of However, the observed changes do not fulfill the required alterations in muscle perfusion by are comparable to processes efficiency of a training method gravity independent simulation observed during ageing or in for microgravity. of various levels of orthostasis. handicapped people with inborn

SpaceLife ⎪21 SpaceLife Scientific Program Doctoral Theses

Thesis Description The adequate stimulus keeping or increasing muscle volume and Space Physiology strength is given by a combination of high intense Leg cross section (thigh) muscle contraction and passive

Bone and muscle loss in stretches. These stimuli are e.g. provided by concentric‐eccentric space resistive exercise. A most time Using this instrument a set of efficient training of all leg short and motivating exercise Topic of Doctoral Thesis muscles is given by a leg press profiles shall be developed and Development and verification of a like apparatus. In microgravity, verified for their efficiency in time efficient training for lower heavy weights cannot provide increasing muscle volume and and upper leg muscles using a counter forces for muscle strength in sedentary subjects robotic controlled Sensodrive leg training. We propose the during ambulant training or press verification and application of a preventing leg muscle from robotic controlled Sensodrive leg disuse atrophy during simulated DLR Supervisor press which allows the microgravity conditions like bed application of various patterns of PD Dr. Jochen Zange rest or unilateral leg suspension. ++49 2203 601 3456 force and velocity at any angle of [email protected] the hips, the knees, or the ankles during leg movement. University Supervisor Prof. Dr. Joachim Mester DSHS Köln ++49 221 4982 4830 mester@dshs‐koeln.de

Sensodrive® Muscle action potentials (Electromyogramm, EMG)

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SpaceLife Scientific Program Doctoral Theses

Thesis Description The adequate stimulus for The combination of a robotic muscle growth keeping or controlled Sensodrive leg press Space Physiology increasing muscle volume and and a lower body negative strength is given by a pressure device will be used for a combination of high intense well controlled application of Bone and muscle loss in muscle contractions and passive various types of work and loading stretches. These stimuli are e.g. space in combination with alterations in provided by concentric‐eccentric muscle perfusion by various resistive exercise. It is generally levels of simulated orthostasis. Topic of Doctoral Thesis assumed that muscle work and Immediately after training and Peripheral perfusion, peripheral passive loading determined during recovery from training the fatigue, and their interaction in growth and strength whereas the interstitial and systemic activity the control of muscle growth and processes of fatigue determined of hormones controlling protein fiber type composition during muscle endurance parameters. synthesis, proteolysis, and strength training using a robotic However, little is known about angiogenesis will be analyzed in controlled device the mechanistic interrelations between muscle perfusion and samples generated by DLR Supervisor the processes of peripheral microdialysis in muscle and in blood. PD Dr. Jochen Zange fatigue and the growth stimulus ++49 2203 601 3456 of training. [email protected]

University Supervisor Prof. Dr. Joachim Mester ++49 221 4982 4830 mester@dshs‐koeln.de

Robotic controlled training under lower body negative pressure (LBNP) Muscle and bone visualization orthostasis (A. Hoff)

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SpaceLife Scientific Program Doctoral Theses

Methods and measurement indicator of “physiological costs”. equipment were developed and The statistical methodology of tested in numerous terrestrial integrating the measured corre‐ and space experiments using a lates of physiological processes Space Physiology simulation of a spacecraft into a “strain scale” is based on docking on a space station. An the assumption that all physio‐ integral problem in the interpre‐ logical measurements have a Psychophysiological tation of any physiological mea‐ “normal working range” which Performance surement as a strain indicator is can be approximately described the individuality of human phy‐ by a linear function. Once linea‐ Topic of Doctoral Thesis siological reactions. In our rity is demonstrated, one can use approach we differentiated indi‐ statistical methods for detecting Psychophysiological Strain vidual systemic psychophysio‐ independent linear information Assessment logical responses to mental load (factor analysis), subsequently DLR Supervisor into Autonomic Outlet Types integrating the found vector (AOT). The AOT was defined as room by a standard vector sum Dr. Bernd W. Johannes the individual systemic outcome (root of the sum of factor weight ++49 40 513096 36 pattern of the common activa‐ squares) as Psychophysiological [email protected] tion reaction of the autonomic Arousal Vector (PAV). The ela‐ nervous system to psychological boration of the mathematical University Supervisor stressors, which is assessable by functions will be based on the NN non‐invasive physiological mea‐ data of the classification proce‐ surements. The AOT is charac‐ dure for the AOT. We will consi‐ Thesis Description terized by the physiological mea‐ der the statistical approach (or During space missions, psycho‐ surement with the largest chan‐ model) of the PAV to be verified, logical problems in the crew can ges over a protocol including a if the individual differences in the challenge the mission success. series of changes between rest single physiological parameters The Space Division of the Avia‐ and mental load. Studies of pulse between the AOT groups found tion and Space Psychology De‐ or heart rate (HR) and heart rate during the mentally loading partment of the DLR Institute of variability (HRV) and of voice protocol are also found in the Aerospace Medicine selects and frequency parameters as indica‐ data obtained during the FST ‐ trains the operational personnel tors of emotional stress have but without indication of (scientific astronauts) for space proven the applicability, feasi‐ differences between the AOT missions. For the evaluation of a bility, and usefulness of psycho‐ groups in the calculated PAV‐ certain skill reliability (e.g. ma‐ physiological measurements data during the FST. nual docking of a spacecraft on a under field conditions. For prac‐ Furthermore we will demonstrate space station), indicators of work tical applications physiological that these deindividualized strain quality as well as indicators that correlates of different functional indices still provide the possibility characterize the psychophysio‐ body subsystems have to be of grouping and differentiation logical state during the work integrated into one common e.g. by means of cluster analysis. have to be considered.

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SpaceLife Professional Training Program Thesis Supervision

The three‐year program reflects The TAC consists of three faculty Following the submission of a the increasing importance of members. First and second project proposal after one month, interdisciplinarity in life science Supervisors are chosen on the and an initial report meeting after research and provides basis of their research specialty in 3 to 6 months, TAC meetings are comprehensive training for order to provide as far as possible scheduled on an annual basis. scientific, methodological and the complete scientific expertise TAC meetings include a written "soft" skills. The program will required to realize the proposed report and an oral presentation provide training and thesis project. which covers the theoretical translational research towards a The DLR Supervisor is a scientist at background, research progress, career in life sciences and space the Institute of Aerospace results obtained so far and research. The SpaceLife Medicine working at the experiments to be done in the program consists of a three‐year laboratory where the research is future. The Initial Report focuses research project as well as being performed. At least one on the detailed outline of the introductory and advanced member of each TAC must be a thesis project and planning for lectures, student workshops, university professor. future experiments. The 3rd journal clubs, the active The Mentor is a scientist from a Annual Report meeting defines attendance of congresses, different scientific field and gives the work to be done prior to participation in laboratory and general advise to the doctoral writing and submitting the thesis, transferable skill courses. student, e.g. for career planning. and the time frame for obtaining the doctorate. TAC meetings can The TAC will help to design and Thesis supervision be integrated in the Students’ monitor the trainee’s thesis work Expert supervision throughout Workshop or organized and will help the trainee to the research activities leading separately. towards a doctoral degree establish contacts inside and within 3 years is regarded of the outside the institution. utmost importance. In addition to the day‐to‐day supervision, each doctoral student has a Thesis Advisory Committee (TAC). The main task of the TAC is to guide the doctoral students throughout their thesis work and to monitor and evaluate the progress of the research project and the individual development of the doctoral student.

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SpaceLife Professional Training Program Curriculum

The three‐year doctoral pro‐ subsequently present the topic in gram is divided into six semesters Students’ Workshop a succinct and critical way. st (half‐years). In addition to the In the 1 semester, each student Doctoral students will familiarize laboratory‐based experimental is given a valuable opportunity to with critical reading, preparation thesis work, doctoral students present his/her research project of manuscripts and scientific participate in a structured including the hypothesis, figures, and designing of a training program, which consists methods to be applied and the doctoral thesis and a research th of 246 hours of practical courses, work schedule. During the 4 proposal in the Journal Clubs. workshops, lectures, seminars, Semester, students are once and journal clubs. again given the opportunity to Internal Seminars The curriculum of training is present the current findings of Doctoral students participate at composed of mandatory and their research projects in front of the Internal Seminars organized elective modules: the class and TAC, giving the by the Institute of Aerospace student valuable feedback on Medicine. International Introductory Lectures during how they are progressing. This renowned scientists are invited the 1st and 2nd semester enables the student not only to to present their scientific work in (mandatory) develop his/her presentation Cologne. At least once during the Advanced Lectures during the rd skills but to critically analyze doctoral thesis work, each 3 semester (elective) their own findings and those of doctoral student will have the Students’ Workshop during the others. During the last term, the opportunity to present the own st th th 1 , 4 and 6 semester students present the final report scientific work to a large (mandatory) on their thesis. audience. Seminars, Workshops and Experimental Courses (elective, Journal Clubs Conferences/Symposia 30 h during the program) Journal Clubs are held during the Participation in national as well Journal Club during the 2nd, 3rd, second, third, fifth and sixth as international conferences will 5th and 6th semester semester in the working groups be encouraged. The trainee will (mandatory) of the Institute of Aerospace have to present her/his work at Medicine and the Partner least during one conference 2 ½ days soft skill training per Universities. They offer the either by a poster or an oral year (mandatory) opportunity to read papers presentation, which will be Additional soft skill training together and to discuss them financially supported. based on individual needs (DLR with members of the working education program), e.g. group. Each student is required project management (optional) to present an original paper and Active participation in a review. The topic of the original Workshop or Conference paper is always related to the (mandatory) general field of the student’s Internal Seminars (optional) research project, requiring the student to research and

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SpaceLife Professional Training Program Curriculum

encouraged on an individual a specialized laboratory to Career Day basis, especially if complement her/his skills or to During the third year of the the graduate training is carry out work that cannot be program, the doctoral students conducted in a research area done within the partnering attend or organize and chair a different from the institutions. This might also be Career Day, for example during undergraduate studies abroad. The trainees can apply the Space Life Science Congress the thesis work is for support through SpaceLife. (“Medicine and Mobility”) interdisciplinary organized by members of the Final examination Institute of Aerospace Medicine, the thesis requires methods The doctoral examination can during which invited speakers which are not established in comprise a public presentation of from academia, industry, the hosting lab. the trainee in which she/he will scientific journals and funding External work of trainees present the results of her/his bodies present career paths to doctoral work which will If appropriate, the trainees will the students. subsequently be discussed with have the opportunity of a short‐ the auditorium, depending on term stay in a partner institute or Optional lab rotations the regulations of the university.

Optional lab rotations will be organization, in industry, or in

SpaceLife ⎪27

SpaceLife Professional Training Program Curriculum

Introductory Lectures Space Medicine Radiation Biology As the doctoral program is open Semester Semester to candidates from diverse 1st 1st backgrounds, the 1st semester, as well as part of the 2nd, Duration Duration concentrates on the basics of 6 h 6 h Space Life Sciences. Doctoral Subjects Subjects students participate in a History of Space Medicine, Interplanetary radiation field mandatory lecture covering the Atmosphere, Radiation, Space (Heber) topics space medicine, Weather Radiation Environments on radiobiology, astrobiology and Space Transport Systems, Space Planets & other Celestial Bodies gravitational biology. The Station (Wimmer‐Schweingruber) lectures introduce the space life sciences research program and Human Physiology in Space I: Earth Radiation Environment and the theoretical background of the Short an mid‐term adaptation Space Radiation ‐ Quantities and topic and provide the scientific Human Physiology in Space II: Measurements (Berger) background of the applied Longterm adaptation, Radiation Exposure during Space methods. The learning success is Countermeasure Development Missions (Reitz, Berger) controlled by a written exam. Astronaut Selection, Training, Biological Effects of Space Work Schedule in Space, EVA, Radiation (Hellweg), Acute & Medical Problems Chronic Radiation Effects in Space Life Sciences Future Plans for Human Humans (Baumstark‐Khan) Semester Spaceflight Learning Objectives st 1 (Gerzer) Overview of the space radiation Duration Learning Objectives environment, with emphasis on 2 h Basic Information on Space energetic particle environment in Physiology and Medicine ‐ interplanetary space & planetary Subjects medical problems during short‐ magnetospheres; Introduction to Introduction to Space Life term and long‐term manned dose quantities for radiation Sciences (Gerzer, Anken) space missions and their protection in space, Space Life Sciences Research solutions available currently. comprehensive survey of space Program (Hemmersbach, radiation measurements with Ruyters) Prerequisites for the Course view to future human mission to Participation in SpaceLife Learning Objectives Mars, radiation exposure during space missions & biological risks Getting a glimpse of the fasci‐ for humans. nation of human spaceflight and the unsolved questions for long‐ Prerequisites for the Course term manned missions None

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SpaceLife Professional Training Program Curriculum

Introductory Lectures

Astrobiology Gravitational Biology Semester Learning Objectives (continued) Semester 2nd ad 3. Understanding the 2nd Duration adaptation of specialized Duration extremophiles to high and low 6 h 6 h temperatures, to high salinity, to Subjects high pressure, to low water Subjects 1. Steps to Life (Horneck tbc) activity. Theoretical Background in 2. History of Life on Earth ad 4. Understanding the Gravitational Biology: (Rabbow) prerequisites of habitability, the 1. Methods on ground and in 3. Life under Extreme Conditions habitable zone of our solar space (flight opportunities) (Huber) system; learning astrobiological 2. Graviperzeption in unicellular 4. Looking for Life, Searching the aspects of Mars, its history of systems Inner Solar System (Rettberg) water, results from past and 3. Gravity related signal ongoing missions to Mars, 5. Interplanetary Transfer of Life transduction pathways planned missions to Mars. (Panitz) 4. Graviperception in ad 5. Learning the hypothesis of 6. Astrobiological Space multicellular systems (plants, "Panspermia" and Experiments ‐ Past and Present animals) "Lithopanspermia", experimental (Rabbow) 5. Life Support Systems, tests of those and conclusions Exploration Learning Objectives from the results. ad 1. Understanding the ad 6. Knowing the ongoing and Learning Objectives definitions of life, definition and planned astrobiological space Fundamental aspects and aim of astrobiology, formation of experiments experimental approaches in the precursors of life (atoms, gravitational biology. Prerequisites for the Course molecules of life), how and Prerequisites for the Course where. Basic knowledge in natural sciences, i.e. physics, chemistry, None ad 2. Learning the records of life, biology the sources of prebiotic organic molecules, the fossil records, the molecular biology record; understanding general strategies of life for adaptation to extreme environments, metabolism, growth & survival.

SpaceLife ⎪29 SpaceLife Professional Training Program Curriculum

Advanced Lectures Space Physiology rd During the 3 semester, doctoral Semester Learning Objectives students participate in an 3rd Detailed Insight into Space advanced lecture in a topic of Duration Physiology, including ground their interest. They elect at least based research, space analogs 10 h one advanced lecture from one of (bed rest etc.), and development the following topics: Subjects of countermeasures. Refreshing Space Physiology Cardiovascular System, Fluid & of knowledge from introductory Radiation Biology Salt balance (Guest Speaker) cours. Gravitational Biology Skeletal System & Muscles Prerequisites for the Course (Zange) Astrobiology Introductory Lectures "Space Life Aerospace Dosimetry Neurosensory & Vestibular Sciences", "Space Medicine" Extraterrestrial Physics System (Balance & Motion The Interplanetary Medium Sickness) (Guest speaker) Immunological & Hormonal Response (Guest speaker) Medical Research aboard the ISS (Ruyters) Current Countermeasure Developments (Zange) Psycho‐Sociological Aspects (Johannes) Human Health Concerns for Lunar & Martian Exploration (Gerzer)

SpaceLife ⎪30 SpaceLife Professional Training Program Curriculum

Advanced Lectures Subjects (continued) Subjects (continued) Characteristics of cell survival gastrointestinal and curves ‐ interpretive models haematopoietic syndromes; Radiation Biology based on target theory or repair Mean lethal doses; Treatments theory; Radiosensitivity of for whole body exposure. Semester various tissues. Role of oxygen in (Baumstark‐Khan) rd 3 modifying the chemistry of Lessons from Hiroshima, Duration radiation damage and cellular Nagasaki and Chernobyl: Acute & 30 h radio sensitivity; Mammalian cell chronic health effects on those radio sensitivity: Interphase, exposed; Assessment of Subjects reproductive and apoptotic cell exposure doses; Assessment of Natural and man‐made sources death; Cellular factors that present day risks, & radiation of radiation; Types of ionizing modify radiation response: The protection standards radiation; Radiation interaction role of the cell cycle in (Baumstark‐Khan) with matter; Radiation influencing radiation response Learning Objectives quantities, Physics of radiation (Baumstark‐Khan) The course RADIATION absorption; Radiation dosimetry Use of radiation for cancer BIOLOGY will focus on the and dosimeters (Berger) therapy: Deficient biological changes which follow Interactions of radiation with vascularisation, high interstitial the interaction of ionizing and matter: Chemistry of radiation pressure and hypoxia in solid non‐ionizing radiation with living absorption in solutions & living tumors; Significance of tumor matter from molecular systems. Radiation protectors: physiology for radiation interactions to whole body Chemistry of radiation treatment; Tumor regrowth and responses. Particular emphasis scavenging (Baumstark‐Khan) tumor cure assays. (Baumstark‐ will be placed on the role of DNA damage: DNA as the Khan) ionizing radiation in the principle target of radiation Low dose effects on humans: The treatment of cancer, killing; Single and double strand mechanisms of radiation‐induced mechanisms of radiation‐induced DNA breaks; Mechanisms of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis; carcinogenesis, and changes in DNA repair (Hellweg); Oncogenes and suppressor normal and tumor cells at the Chromosomal aberrations & their genes; Susceptibility of various molecular, cellular and tissue use as 'radiation dosimeters' organs; Risks of developing level. The course includes the (Baumstark‐Khan) cancers from present‐day biological aspects of Cytosol and radiation response: sources; The hereditary effects of environmental radiation Mechanisms of signal radiation; Effects on the embryo exposure. transduction from the cytosol to and fetus (Baumstark‐Khan) the nucleus, or vice versa, factors Whole body irradiation ‐ acute Prerequisites for the Course influencing radiation response of effects of high doses: Prodromal Introductory Lecture "Radiation mammalian cells; Important syndromes; Cerebro‐vascular, Biology" gene products (Hellweg)

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SpaceLife Professional Training Program Curriculum

Advanced Lectures

Gravitational Biology Astrobiology Semester Semester Learning Objectives (continued) 3rd 3rd ad 3. Understanding the aim of Duration Duration PP, learning the regulations and related methods, their 4 x 1,5 h 6 x 1 h advantages and disadvantage. Subjects Subjects ad 4. Understanding the 1. Gravity Effects on Cells 1. Bacillus subtilis ‐ a Model specialization of extremophiles 2. Gravity Effects on Animals Organism for Space Research drawing the example of 3. Space Biological Experiment (Möller) hyperthermophiles: metabolism, Design. Graviperzeption in 2. Pitfalls of Detecting Life adaptation strategies Unicellular Systems (Rabbow) ad 5. Knowing the robotic space 4. Graviperception in 3. Planetary Protection missions connected to Multicellular Systems (Plants, (Rettberg) Astrobiology, past, present and Animals) 4. Hyperthermophile Archaea tbc future, understanding their 5. Life Support Systems, (Huber) rationale Exploration 5. Robotic Solar System ad 6. Understanding the complexity and constrains of Learning Objectives Exploration ‐ Europa, Titan, Enceladus (Panitz) human missions in general and to Enhanced aspects and 6. Human Missions (Horneck tbc) Mars in particular, their experimental approaches in opportunities and the gravitational biology; dedicated Learning Objectives consequences for the target examples from experiments ad 1. Understanding the planet under altered space conditions microorganisms B. subtilis, spore Prerequisites for the Course Prerequisites for the Course formation, adaptation strategies Introductory Lecture Introductory Lecture to extreme environmental "Astrobiology" "Gravitational Biology" conditions, knowing space experiments with B. subtilis, understanding results. ad 2. Understanding the obstacles for detecting life, implications for past and present experiments for detecting life.

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SpaceLife Professional Training Program Curriculum

Advanced Lectures The Interplanetary Medium (CAU Kiel) Semester Aerospace Dosimetry Extraterrestrial Physics nd th th 2 or 4 or 6 (CAU Kiel 060374) (CAU Kiel 060346) Duration Semester Semester 30 h 3rd or 5th 1st or 3rd Subjects Duration Duration The interplanetary medium 30 h 30 h (Heliosphere) fills the space Subjects Subjects between the planets. It has its Radiation environment, including The course gives a solid origin in the solar wind the origin and composition of introduction to the Earth’s space emanating from the Sun and primary particles, interaction of environment starting with the interacting with the interstellar these primaries with matter (e.g. atmosphere, ionosphere, medium. Several properties of ionization, electromagnetic and magnetosphere, and continuing the interplanetary medium are hadronic interactions, secondary with the origin of the solar wind, important for our understanding particle production) its interaction with planetary of radiation exposure of astronauts and, in some cases, of Methods for measurements bodies and the overall structure aircraft crews. The interplanetary Characterization and analysis of of the heliosphere. medium and its boundary region radiation in space (Heber, Wimmer‐Schweingruber) with the interstellar medium Physical and medical parameters Learning Objectives modulate galactic cosmic rays; it in dosimetry like LET; dose; Understanding of the Earth’s is also the medium through effective dose and quality factor space environment which solar energetic particles (Heber) Understanding of particle propagate (Heber, Wimmer‐ Learning Objectives propagation and acceleration Schweingruber) The students learn the basic Prerequisites for the Course Learning Objectives principles and applications of Introductory Lecture "Radiation Understanding of the large‐scale experimental measurements and Biology" structure & origins of the interaction of radiation with heliosphere; Capability to matter as well as properties of interpret real‐time space weather different radiation environments data & knowledge of data important to humans in space sources Prerequisites for the Course Prerequisites for the Course Introductory Lecture "Radiation Introductory Lecture "Radiation Biology" Biology"

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SpaceLife Professional Training Program Curriculum

Seminars, Workshops Seminars and Experimental Courses Elective Seminars, Workshops Role of Nutraceutics as Structure and function of and Experimental Courses are Countermeasures in adaptation processes; offered in the first, third and fifth Prevention of Organ Performance and ageing; semester of the program. During Degradation (RFWU Performance diagnostics the three year period, Doctoral Bonn) (DSHS Köln) students should participate in 30 hours of electives courses. The Semester Semester participation in each course must 3rd 2nd or 4th or 6th be discussed with the primary Duration Duration Supervisor. 30 h 15 x 1 h The workshop “Biomathematics” combines lectures and exercises, Subjects Subjects and provides skills towards the Basics of nutrient related organ General physiological quantitative analysis of functions: Role of glutamine, mechanisms of adaptation experimental data and omega3 fatty acids, secondary Definition of metabolic and experiment configuration and plant products (polyphenols), mechanical stimuli between study design. Experimental vitamins (D, E) and mineral/trace micro‐ and ultra‐loading Courses cover different methods elements (calcium, selenium, Biological response to stimuli at in space life science research. A zinc) on gut integrity, organ‐ and cell‐level series of laboratory courses that bone/muscle metabolism and Age depending adaptation have already been installed by immune response Empirical approaches to the partner institutions will offer Presentation of actual research adaptation (time course) the trainees a special training in work (journal club) (Mester) specific areas including (Stehle) laboratory as well as theoretical Learning Objectives Learning Objectives work Establish an understanding of Evaluation of the effects of adaptation between stimulus and dietetic measures on organ molecular mechanisms integrity and function Tuning of stimuli under various Formulation and implementation conditions (from microgravity to of dietetic measures in practice bedrest to ultrahigh loads) Planning of clinical studies Prerequisites for the Course Prerequisites for the Course Introductory Lecture "Space Introductory Lecture "Space Medicine" Medicine"

SpaceLife ⎪34 SpaceLife Professional Training Program Curriculum

Seminars

Gravitational Biology Heliospherical (RFWU Bonn) Astroparticle Physics &

Semester Dosimetry (CAU Kiel) nd rd 2 or 3 Semester Learning Objectives rd th Duration 3 or 5 Students learn how to work out 15 h Duration and present fundamental and recent research topics in 30 h Subjects heliospheric astroparticle Enhanced Background in Subjects physics, with emphasis on Gravitational Biology: During the seminar student will acceleration and transport of 1. Methods on ground and in present recent research in the energetic particles and galactic space (flight opportunities) following topics: Structure of the cosmic rays in the heliosphere, 2. Graviperzeption in unicellular heliosphere, planetary magneto‐ planetary magneto‐ and systems and atmospheres; processes and atmospheres, as well as basic 3. Graviperception in stability. The composition, principles and methods in space multicellular systems (plants, acceleration and propagation of dosimetry. animals) charged particles in magnetized Prerequisites for the Course plasmas including scattering, 5. Life Support Systems, Introductory Lectures "Radiation drifts, magnetospheric Exploration Biology" transmission and secondary (Hemmersbach, Braun) particle production in matter; Aerospace Dosimetry (CAU Kiel Learning Objectives dependence on solar activity. 060374) or Enhanced aspects and Spectral measurements of The Interplanetary Medium or experimental approaches in particle radiation and standards Extraterrestrial Physics (CAU Kiel gravitational biology; dedicated for space dosimetry 060346) examples from experiments measurements (e.g. LET, under altered space conditions (effective) dose). Prerequisites for the Course (Heber, Burmeister, Wimmer‐ Schweingruber) None

SpaceLife ⎪35 SpaceLife Professional Training Program Curriculum

Seminars Workshop

Current Topics in Space Biomathematics Physics (CAU Kiel) (Universität zu Köln) Semester Semester 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th or 6th 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th or 6th Duration Duration 30 h 30 h Subjects Subjects The students read and present Theory of Probabilities two papers from the recent space Descriptive and Inferring physics literature. During the Statistics course of the seminar, a broad Confidence Intervals range of current space physics is Significance Tests covered. Thus, the students are Non‐parametric Tests exposed to current problems in the subject as well as a real‐life Correlation, Regression presentation atmosphere (Heber, Epidemiology Wimmer‐Schweingruber). Clinical Study and Experimental Learning Objectives Design Presentation skills Variance Analysis, Crossover Use of presentation software (Lehmacher). Overview of current topics in Learning Objectives space physics Acquire statistical tools for data Prerequisites for the Course interpretation in doctoral thesis Introductory Lecture "Radiation Prerequisites for the Course Biology" None Extraterrestrial Physics (CAU Kiel 060346)

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Practical Training

Microgravity Simulation Microscopic and Analytic Cell Culture Techniques and Hyper‐g Stimulation Techniques Semester st nd rd th th th Semester Semester 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 or 6 st nd rd th th th st nd rd th th th 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 or 6 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 or 6 Duration Duration Duration 10 h 10 h 10 h Subjects Subjects Subjects Preparation of Buffer and Media Types of Klinostats Light Microscopy, Phase Sterile Working Techniques Centrifuges Contrast Microscopy Routine Culturing (Medium Experiment Preparation and (Baumstark‐Khan) Change, Passages, Phase Implementation (Hemmersbach, Fluorescence Microscopy Contrast Microscopy, Freezing Ivanova) (Hellweg) and Thawing of Cells, Counting of Cells) Learning Objectives Digital Photography and Image Analysis (Axiovision) (Hellweg) Preparation of Cells for Overview of Altered Gravity Experiments Experimental Methods (for Confocal Microscopy Mycoplasma Detection Beginners) (Hemmersbach) Genetically Altered Cell Lines Safe and Efficient Working with Fluorescence and (Baumstark‐Khan, Hellweg, the Microgravity Simulation und Radioimmunoassays (Ivanova) Ivanova) Centrifuges Facilities at the Learning Objectives Institute of Aerospace Medicine Safe and Efficient Working with Learning Objectives (for Advanced Students) the Microscopes at the Institute Safe and Efficient Working with Prerequisites for the Course of Aerospace Medicine for Cell Cultures without Contaminations For Beginners: None Documentation and Analysis of Living or Fixed Cells with or Working with Genetically Altered For Advanced Students (Planning without Immunochemical or Organisms According to German to use the Experimental Facilities Immunofluorescent Staining Laws in their Thesis): Knowledge About Mammalian Cells and Cell Prerequisites for the Course Prerequisites for the Course Culture Techniques Basic Microscopy Experience Basic Laboratory Experience

SpaceLife ⎪37 SpaceLife Professional Training Program Curriculum

Practical Training

Flow Cytometry Thermoluminescence Semester Dosimetry and Nuclear 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th or 6th Track Etch Detectors Duration Semester Learning Objectives 10 h 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th or 6th The course focuses on the principle of passive radiation Subjects Duration dosimetry, introduces Parameters, Probes and Labels 10 h thermoluminescence and nuclear (Hellweg) Subjects track etch detectors, gives an Data Analysis (Hellweg) Introduction to passive radiation overview of their application for Troubleshooting (Hellweg) detectors space radiation dosimetry and DNA Content / Cell Cycle Thermoluminescence detectors ‐ will enable the students to work Analysis (Baumstark‐Khan) Principles and Data evaluation on laboratory data evaluation Reporter Protein Analysis procedures systems, including evaluation of detectors exposed in space. (Hellweg) Nuclear Track Etch Detectors ‐ Antibody Staining: Cell Surface Principles and Data evaluation Prerequisites for the Course and Intracellular Antigens procedures Introductory Lectures "Radiation (Ivanova) Thermoluminescence detectors Biology" Learning Objectives for space applications ‐ practical Safe and Efficient Working with examples of detector evaluation the Fluorescent Activated Cell based on experiments performed Scanner (FACScan) at the in space and at heavy ion medical Institute of Aerospace Medicine accelerators. for Analysis of Mammalian Cells Nuclear Track Etch Detectors ‐ practical examples of detector Prerequisites for the Course evaluation based on experiments Basic Knowledge of the performed in space and at heavy Principles of Flow Cytometry ion medical accelerators (Berger)

SpaceLife ⎪38 SpaceLife Professional Training Program Curriculum

Practical Training Research in Non‐invasive & Invasive Extraterrestrial Physics Practical Exercises in Methods in Physiology Semester Instrument 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th or 6th Semester Development st nd rd th th th 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 or 6 Duration Semester 30 h nd th th Duration 2 , 4 , or 6 10 h Subjects Duration Methods for the characterization Subjects 30 h and analysis of radiation in space: Muscle: Performance tests, MRI Basic principles of the measure‐ Subjects and ultrasound, EMG, MRS, ments by particle detectors using The course begins with a sum‐ blood parameter and different methods (e.g. dEx/dx‐E‐ mary of nuclear physics & elec‐ microdialysis, taking, conserving method, dE/dx‐dE/dx‐method, tronics which is required to un‐ and analysing biopsies dE/dx‐v‐method) including the derstand the operating principles Cardio‐vascular system: Test determination of important of particle or radiation detection scenarious: tilt table, LBNP, radiation parameters & variation instruments. Various types of ergometer, centrifuge; of these parameters with the detection techniques are intro‐ measurements: ECG, porta press, solar cycle and the position in duced, as are relevant electronics impedance, rebreathing (Zange) space (Heber, Wimmer‐ concepts such as pulse shaping Learning Objectives Schweingruber, Boettcher, etc. Additional topics are Monte‐ Carlo & other numerical techni‐ Measurement of physical and Burmeister) ques (Wimmer‐Schweingruber, chemical parameters and their Learning Objectives Boettcher, and Steigies). validity in interpretation as Basic principles & applications of physiological variables experimental & analysis methods Learning Objectives Statistical reliability of measure for characterization of the Understanding of the underlying outcomes radiation and its modulation in nuclear physics and relevant Phenomena and their precise the heliosphere, planetary electronics recording in quantity and time magnetosphere and Knowledge of key detection course. atmospheres. technologies How to analyze the mechanism Prerequisites for the Course Capability to interpret “raw” behind a phenomenon? Introductory Lectures "Radiation radiation measurements Prerequisites for the Course Biology" Prerequisites for the Course Lectures “Space Medicine” and “Aerospace Dosimetry” or “The Introductory Lectures "Radiation “Space Physiology” Interplanetary Medium” or Biology", Introductory Physics & “Extraterrestrial Physics” Electronics Classes

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SpaceLife Management Structure

The Spokesperson of SpaceLife A Secretary assists the The thesis Supervisors at the is Prof. Dr. R. Gerzer, director of coordinator in all administrative DLR and the partner universities the DLR Institute of Aerospace processes of SpaceLife, including and scientists who conduct Medicine (Figure). The setup of the Research School courses in the Research School Coordinator Dr. C. Hellweg, webpage, organization of the form the SpaceLife Faculty. All scientist in the Radiobiology curriculum, and support for the faculty members will be invited department of the Institute, doctoral students (visa for a kick‐off meeting before coordinates the activities of application, living space). start of the Research School and SpaceLife (applicants’ selection, for subsequent annual meetings. curriculum, evaluation, public relations).

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SpaceLife Management Structure

During the kick‐off meeting, a The TAC will be formed as SpaceLife can make use of the Faculty Panel of five members described above. The doctoral infrastructure of the Institute of will be elected, and the students invite the TAC for their Aerospace Medicine, including curriculum of SpaceLife will be thesis presentations in the the laboratories and meeting determined. The Faculty Panel Students’ Workshop (1st, 4th and rooms of different sizes for the will form the Selection 6th semester) and arrange an lectures and workshops. The Committee during the interview independent meeting with the internal communication will be week and will assist the TAC during the first month of the facilitated by means of an Spokesperson and the thesis to discuss the subject and intranet teamsite accessible to Coordinator in the selection approach. all members of SpaceLife, which process. The doctoral students elect a will be operated by the The doctoral candidates in Doctoral Spokesperson during Coordinator and the Secretary. SpaceLife will have an the first Students’ Workshop. The lectures and workshops will employment contract with the The Doctoral Spokesperson be transmitted online to the DLR or the partner universities or participates in meetings of the partners in Hamburg, a scholarship contract with Faculty Panel or the full Regensburg, Kiel and Aachen, SpaceLife. Furthermore, a SpaceLife Faculty. In conflict using teleconference tools to be Doctorate Contract between the situations, the Mentor and the installed (webcam, microphone DLR and the doctoral student Doctoral Spokesperson develop a and loudspeaker). At the DLR, keeps records of the rights and solution together with the the video conference software duties of the doctoral student, doctoral student and the Adobe Connect Professional is the DLR and the Supervisors, and Supervisors. provided by T‐Systems‐SFR. the doctorate regulations of the Doctoral students from the university. A synopsis of the universities of Bonn and Cologne doctoral thesis containing the can attend the courses name of the student, the names personally. and institutions of the SpaceLife will be evaluated Supervisors and of the Mentor, annually by questionnaires to the title and description of the thesis, doctoral students, the start of the thesis, and a work Supervisors and the lecturers. plan including milestones, risk Results of the evaluation will be assessment and alternatives will discussed in the annual SpaceLife be attached to the Doctorate Faculty meeting and the Contract. The approval of the curriculum will be adapted University Supervisor to accept accordingly. the candidate as doctoral student is also part of the Doctorate Contract.

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SpaceLife Members

Deutsches Zentrum Christian‐Albrechts‐ Rheinisch‐Westfälische für Luft‐ und Universität (CAU) zu Kiel Technische Hochschule Raumfahrt (RWTH) Aachen Institut für Institut für Luft‐ und Experimentelle und Botanik und Institut für Raumfahrtmedizin Angewandte Physik Biologie I Prof. Dr. Rupert Gerzer Prof. Dr. Fritz Kreuzaler Extraterrestrische Physik Strahlenbiologie Prof. Robert F. Wimmer‐ Institut für Flugmedizin, Zentrum Dr. Christa Baumstark‐Khan Schweingruber für Medizin & Mobilität Prof. Dr. med. Rupert Gerzer Dr. Thomas Berger Heliosphärische Dr. rer. nat. Corinna Panitz Dr. Christine Hellweg Astroteilchenphysik

Dr. Ralf Möller Prof. Bernd Heber

Dr. Elke Rabbow Rheinische Friedrich‐ Dr. Petra Rettberg Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn Dr. Günther Reitz Universität Regensburg Institut für Molekulare Weltraumphysiologie Lehrstuhl für Physiologie und Dr. Krassimira Ivanova Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen PD Dr. Jochen Zange Archaeenzentrum (IMBIO) BSSC Dr. Harald Huber Prof. Dr. Ralf H. Anken PD Dr. Reinhard Rachel Gravitationsbiologie Dr. Sven Baerwalde Prof. Dr. Michael Thomm PD Dr. Markus Braun PD Dr. Ruth Hemmersbach Prof. Dr. Reinhard Wirth Institut für Ernährungs‐ und Psychologie Lebensmittelwissenschaften Dr. Bernd‐W. Johannes Fachgebiet Humanernährung Universität Hamburg Prof. Dr. Peter Stehle Deutsche Fakultät für Sporthochschule Erziehungswissenschaft, (DSHS), Köln Psychologie und The German Research Bewegungswissenschaft Center of Elite Sport NN Prof. Dr. paed. Dr. h.c. mult. Joachim Mester Prof. Heiko Strüder

SpaceLife ⎪42 SpaceLife Members Institute for Aerospace Medicine The Institute's research activities At the same time, when are focused on the central task of conducting research under providing for the health and microgravity conditions basic performance of the persons functions of the human body are involved (pilot, crew, passenger, examined by eliminating the astronaut, motorist, resident interfering influence of gravity in Within the German Aerospace etc.). a system‐physiological approach. Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Furthermore, from a medical In the field of psychology the Luft‐ und Raumfahrt e.V., DLR), point of view the development of selection of qualified personnel the Institute of Aerospace countermeasures to protect (pilots, astronauts, air traffic Medicine is the only research humans from the effects of controllers) and the development institution that primarily deals weightlessness, like the loss of of suitable scientific instruments with life science problems bone and muscle mass is one of for the selection procedure are another main task of the concerning traffic, aviation, and our main tasks to enable long‐ Institute. Finally, we also deal space flight. term stays of humans in space for example. with the problem of adaptation of life to extreme environments

and take part in projects that are concerned with the search for life in space.

Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany

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SpaceLife Members Partner Universities

The Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics at the CAU in Kiel has a long‐lasting experience in extraterrestrial physics and heliospherical astroparticle physics.

Since many years, a main focus at the Institute for Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO) at the University of Bonn, Germany, is gravitational biology. The Department of Nutrition and Food Science (IEL) ‐ Nutritional Physiology at the University of Bonn investigates nutrient utilization and demands in microgravity, the relationship of Vitamin D, calcium and bone health and nutrition in the elderly.

The Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie and the Archaea Centre of the University of Regensburg stand for excellent expertise in isolating, growing and characterizing extremophilic Bacteria and Archaea into the Astrobiology field of SpaceLife.

Expertise in Astrobiology and in Space Physiology is contributed by the Institute of Aerospace Medicine at the RWTH Aachen. The Institute of Botany at the RWTH has established expertise in cell biology, microbiology and plant biology, combined with experience in space life sciences, particularly by participation in the Space Research Group – Project Mars, a students’ working group at the RWTH Aachen.

The Institute for Training Science and Sports Informatics of the DSHS Köln, Germany, contributes excellent expertise in the development and evaluation of efficient countermeasures to muscle and bone degradation during space missions. The Institute of Motor Control and Movement Technique of the DSHS Köln has excellent professional competence in exercise neuroscience and investigates the effects of artificial gravity on the brain.

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SpaceLife Members National Associated Partners PD Dr. Franz Rödel Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Onkologie Strahlenbiologie Universitätsklinikum Theodor‐Stern‐Kai 7 60590 Frankfurt Germany

Prof. Michael F.G. Schmidt Prof. Leo Brunnberg Institut für Immunologie und Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin Molekularbiologie Klinik und Poliklinik für kleine Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin Haustiere (WE20) FU Berlin FU Berlin Luisenstraße 56 Oertzenweg 19b

10117 Berlin 14163 Berlin Germany Germany

Prof. Dr. Reinhard Hilbig Universität Hohenheim Institut für Zoologie (220) Garbenstr. 30 – BIO II 70599 Stuttgart Germany

Prof. Klaus Palme Institute of Biology II Molecular Plant Physiology Schänzlestr. 1 79104 Freiburg Germany

SpaceLife ⎪45 SpaceLife Members National Associated Partners Prof. Dr. Hanns‐Christian Gunga Zentrum für Weltraummedizin Berlin (ZWMB) Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany

Priv.‐Doz. Dr. Michael Lebert Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Institut für Botanik und Pharmazeutische Biologie Lehrstuhl für Botanik I Staudststr. 5 91058 Erlangen Germany

Prof. Dr. Dr. Oliver Ullrich Institut für Immunologie Medizinische Fakultät Otto‐von‐Guericke‐Universität Leipziger Str. 44 39120 Magdeburg Germany

SpaceLife ⎪46

SpaceLife Members International Associated Partners Prof. Dr. Fengyuan Zhuang BeiHang University (Bejing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics) XueYuan Road No. 37 HaiDian District BeiJing China

Prof. Dr. Dr. Oliver Ullrich Full Professor and Chair Institute of Anatomy

Faculty of Medicine University Zurich Winterthurer Str. 190 CH‐8057 Zurich Switzerland

Dr. Isabelle Testard Laboratoire d'Accueil en Radiobiologie avec les Ions Accélérés (LARIA) CIMAP – GANIL Bd Henri Becquerel BP 5133 F‐14070 CAEN Cedex 5 France

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SpaceLife Profiles of the Members

SpaceLife ⎪48

German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Prof. Dr. Ralf H. Anken Institute of Aerospace Medicine Biomedical Science Support Center (BSSC)

Linder Höhe 51147 Cologne Germany

Phone: ++49 2203 601 3420 E‐mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dlr.de/me/

Scientific Career Space Related Activities: 1991 Diploma in Biology Experiments flown on STS‐55 (2nd Anken R (2006) On the role of the 1995 PhD in Natural Sciences German Spacelab Mission D2, central nervous system in regulating (Zoology) 1993), STS‐89 (1998), STS 90 the mineralisation of inner‐ear 1999 Habilitation (Zoology) (1998), NEUROLAB (1998), STS‐107 otoliths of fish. Protoplasma 229: (2003), FOTON M‐3 (2007), TEXUS 205‐208. 2008 Professorship (apl) 45 (2008), Parabolic Aircraft and Hilbig R, Anken R, Rahmann H Professional Experience Drop‐Tower Flights, experiments at (2003) On the origin of susceptibility simulated microgravity (clinostat) 1992 Scientific Employee, to kinetotic swimming behaviour in and hypergravity (centrifuge) 2008 Zoological Institute, fish. A parabolic aircraft flight study. University of Hohenheim, Selected Publications J vest Res 12: 185‐189. Germany Anken R, Rahmann H (2002) Since Scientific Employee, 2008 German Aerospace Center, Gravitational Zoology: How animals

Cologne, Institute of use and cope with gravity. Aerospace Medicine, BSSC, Astrobiology, The Quest for the Germany Conditions of Life, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, G. Horneck Research Topics and C. Baumstark‐Khan eds., Biology, inner ear otolith Springer: Heidelberg, 315‐336. calcification in fish, fish as model Anken R (2003) Neurophysiology of system in understanding motion Developing Fish at Altered Gravity: sickness susceptibility, Background – Facts – Perspectives. neuroscience, neurovestibular In: Advances in Space Biology and behaviour, sensorimotoric Medicine – Developmental Biology disorders, aquatic life support Vol. 9, H.‐J. Marthy ed., Elsevier, systems. Amsterdam: 173‐200. Gravisensor of vertebrates

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German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Dr. Sven Baerwalde Institute of Aerospace Medicine BSSC

Linder Höhe 51147 Cologne Germany Phone: ++49 2203 601 3130 E‐mail: [email protected] Website:http://www.dlr.de/me/

Scientific career Awards: Selected Publications 1994 state exam in biology, sports Letter of Appreciation from the U.S. Chudalla R; Baerwalde S; Schneider sciences, pedagogy, Embassador Daniel R. Coats G; Maassen N (2006) Local and psychology systemic effects on blood lactate Letter of Appreciation by the 2001 PhD in zoology concentration during exercise with University Corporation for small and large muscle groups. Professional Experience Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Pflügers Archiv European Journal of 1995 Research associate, Research Topics Physiology: 452 (6). 1997 Medical High School Hannover, Department of Exercise physiology Baerwalde S; Müller K; Zange J; Physiology Maassen N (2000) Alterations in Space related activities 1997 Research associate, skeletal muscle energy metabolism 2000 DLR, Institute of Aerospace Countermeasure development for under LBNP are independent from Medicine, Microgravity User astronauts using a short‐arm human blood flow. 21st Annual Support Center centrifuge as method. In this International Gravitational 2000 GLOBE project manager, context, special focus refers to Physiology Meeting,: 127 ‐, 21st 2003 DLR, Institute of Space cardio‐vascular, bone and muscle Annual International Gravitational Operations and Astronaut research. Physiology Meeting: Nagoya. Training Baerwalde S; Maassen N; Stifft F; 2004 Cosmos Cologne Project Schneide G (1999) Hypoxia 2008 Coordinator, Institute of influences lactate elimination and Aerospace Medicine, not lactate production during Biomedical Science Support exercise of medium intensity. Center, BSSC International Journal of Sports th Since Head Biomedical Medicine, :8 ‐ 8, 36 German 2007 Information Technology, Congress of Sports Medicine and Institute of Aerospace Prevention. Medicine, BSSC Baerwalde S; Zange J; Müller K; Since Team leader of the short‐ Maassen N (1999) High‐energy‐ 2007 arm human centrifuge phosphates measured by 31P‐MRS operations and clinical trial during LBNP in exercising human team leg muscle. Journal of Gravitational Physiology, 6 (1): :37 – 38, Orlando.

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German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Dr. Christa Baumstark‐ Institute of Aerospace Medicine Khan Radiation Biology, Cellular Biodiagnostics

Linder Höhe 51147 Cologne Germany

Phone: ++49 2203 601 3140 E‐mail: Christa.baumstark‐ [email protected] Website: http://www.dlr.de/me/

Scientific Career Research Topics Selected Publications 1978 Diploma in Biology Biological effects of different Baumstark‐Khan C, Horneck G 1985 PhD in Radiobiology environmental stressors at the (2007) Results from the “Technical 2004 Lecturer at University of cellular & molecular level (radiation, workshop on genotoxicity Applied Sciences Bonn‐ esp. heavy & light ion exposure, Biosensing” on the micro‐scale Rhein‐Sieg nanoparticles, mechanical stress) ‐ fluorometric assay of Gene expression & signal deoxyribonucleic acid unwinding. Professional Experience transduction in mammalian cells, Anal Chim Acta. 593(1): 75‐81. 1982 Research scientist, Apoptosis and cell cycle control 1991 Experimental Radiology & Baumstark‐Khan C, Rosendahl IM, Radiation Biology, Bacterial cyto‐ & genotoxicity Rink H (2006) On the quality of Radiologic University Clinics, assays mutations in mammalian cells induced by high LET radiations. Adv Medical Faculty, University Molecular bone metabolism under Space Res.. 40: 474‐482. of Bonn, Germany conditions of space flight 1991 Project scientist, Baumstark‐Khan C, Hellweg CE, Space related activities 1993 Preparation of KINETICS Arenz A, and Meier M M (2005) experiment, NASA Spacelab Co‐Investigator: Cellular Monitoring of the Nuclear mission IML‐2 Factor κB Pathway for the IML‐2: Cellular Repair of Radiation 1995 Research scientist, DLR, Assessment of Space Damage, KINETICS; TRIPLE‐LUX. 1998 Institute of Aerospace Environmental Radiation. Radiation Medicine, Radiation Biology Principal Investigator: Research 164: 527‐30. 1998 Group Leader of the ‘Cellular Responses to Radiation in 2000 Project Group Human Space (CERASP): The effects of Radiation Risk, Aerospace single and combined space flight Medicine, University Clinics, conditions on mammalian cells’ ‐ to RWTH Aachen be flown. Since Group Leader, DLR 2000 Institute of Aerospace ‘Modifications of Cellular Signalling Medicine, Cellular Pathways and DNA damage Biodiagnostics Processing by Radiation in Space (CELLPATH)’ ‐ to be flown Heavy Ion exposure of human cells at GANIL, Caen, France

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German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Dr. Thomas Berger Institute of Aerospace Medicine Radiobiology

Linder Höhe 51147 Cologne Germany

Phone: ++49 2203 601 3135 E‐mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dlr.de/me/

Scientific Career Space Related Activities 1998 Diploma in Physics Co‐Investigator in the space Berger T, Meier MM, Reitz G, 2003 PhD in Radiation Physics experiments: Schridde M (2008) Long term dose measurements applying a human Professional Experience MATROSHKA, DOSIS, ExoMARS, anthropomorphic phantom onboard 2003‐ Postdoc, Institute of ALTEINO, BRADOS – Space an aircraft, Radiation Aerospace Medicine, DLR, ICCHIBAN. Measurements 43: 580‐584. Cologne, Germany Ground‐based radiation detector Reitz G, Berger T (2006) The Since Scientific Employee, studies at the Heavy Ion Medical MATROSHKA Facility – Dose 2003 Institute of Aerospace Accelerator HIMAC, Chiba, Japan; determination during an EVA. Medicine, DLR, Cologne, the CERF High Energy Neutron Radiation Protection Dosimetry Germany Field, CERN, Switzerland, the 120: 442‐445. Research Topics iThemba Neutron Field, Capetown, South Africa Radiation protection and dosimetry for human space flight and for Selected Publications aircrew Berger T (2008) Radiation dosimetry Development and investigation of onboard the International Space the radiation detection properties of Station ISS. Zeitschrift für active and passive radiation Medizinische Physik, doi detectors 10.1016/j.zemedi.2008.06.014. Organization of ground based Berger T, Hajek M (2008), TL‐ radiation intercalibration campaigns efficiency‐Overview and experimental results over the years. Radiation Measurements, 43(2‐6): 146‐156. MATROSHKA on the International Space Station (ISS)

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Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn

PD Dr. Markus Braun Institute of Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology IMBIO, Gravitational Biology Group Kirschallee 1 53115 Bonn Germany

Phone: ++49 228 73 2686 E‐mail: mbraun@uni‐bonn.de

Website: http://spacebio.uni‐ bonn.de

Scientific Career Research Topics 1991 Diploma in Biology Biology, Plant signal transduction, Limbach C, Hauslage J, Schaefer C, 1994 PhD in Natural Sciences tip growth, gravity perception, plant Braun M (2005) How to activate a (Botany) cytoskeleton, biosensors, plant gravireceptor ‐ early 1999 Habilitation (Botany) experimentation microgravity mechanisms of gravity sensing studied in characean rhizoids during Professional Experience Space Related Activities parabolic flights. Plant Physiol 139: 1995‐ DFG Fellowship, University Experiments flown on Space‐ 1‐11. Canberra, Australia Shuttles: Braun M (2007) Primary responses 1999‐ Professor (C3), University of gravity sensing in plants. In: 2001 Bonn, Germany STS‐55 (2nd German Spacelab Mission D2, 1993) Brinckmann E, (eds.). Biology in 2001‐ Senior Scientist, University Space and Life on Earth. Wiley 2003 Erlangen, Germany STS‐65 (1994) Verlag, Weinheim: 33‐52. Since‐ Project Coordinator, STS‐81 (1997) 2003 IMBIO, University of Bonn, Germany TEXUS Sounding rockets: 21, 25, 28,

Since‐ Project Manager at DLR 29, 30, 37, 43

2006 Space Agency, Germany MAXUS 3 & 5

Awards Parabolic Plane Flight Campaigns 1991 Heinrich‐Hörlein Award, (7) Univ. Bonn Selected Publications 2002 Thora Halstead Young Investigator Award, Braun M, Hauslage J, Czogalla A, American Society of Limbach C (2004) Tip‐localized actin Gravitational & Space polymerization and remodeling, Biology (ASGSB) reflected by the localization of ADF, profilin and villin, are fundamental for gravitropic tip growth in characeen rhizoids. Planta 219: 379‐ 388.

Gravitropic responses of plant organs

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German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Prof. Dr. Rupert Gerzer Institute of Aerospace Medicine Head

Linder Höhe 51147 Cologne Germany

Phone: ++49 2203 601 3115 E‐mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dlr.de/me/

Scientific Career Research Topics 1977 Dr. med., Univ. of Munich Signal transduction pathways, esp. Belyavin A, Reitz G, Baumstark‐ 1987 Habilitation, University of cyclic GMP, Space Physiology, Khan C, Gerzer R (2003) HUMEX: a Munich Telemedicine study on the survivability and Since Head, Institute of adaptation of humans to long‐ Space Related Activities 1992 Aerospace Medicine, DLR duration exploratory missions. Part Cologne and Head, Institute Participation in many space I, Lunar Missions, Adv Space Res 31: of Aerospace Medicine, missions as a scientist and in the 2389‐2401. RWTH Aachen present function; member, Board of Gerzer R, Hemmersbach R, Horneck Trustees, International Academy of Professional Experience G (2005) Life Sciences: Utilization of Astronautics since 1999; President, Space eds: Feuerbacher B, Stoewer 1978‐ DFG Fellow, University of German Society for Aerospace H; Springer Verlag: 341‐373. 1980 Heidelberg, Germany Medicine, 1999‐2001; Editor‐in‐ 1980‐ DFG Fellow abroad, Chief, Acta Astronautica since 2008 Gerzer R, Heer M (2005) Regulation 1983 Vanderbilt University, of body fluid and salt homeostasis – Nashville, TN, USA Selected Publications from observations in space to new 1984‐ Resident Internal Stasch JP, Becker EM, Alonso‐Alija concepts on earth. Curr. 1998 Medicine, University of C, Apeler H, Dembowsky K, Feurer Pharmaceut. Biotechnol. 6: 299‐ Munich, Germany A, Gerzer R, Minuth T, Perzborn E, 304. 1992‐ DFG Heisenberg Pleiß U, Schröder H, Schröder W, Horneck G, Facius R, Reichert M, 1998 Fellowship Stahl E, Steinke W, Straub A, Rettberg P, Seboldt W, Manzey D, 1992‐ Founder, DFG Clinical Schramm M (2001) NO‐ Comet B, Maillet A, Preiss H, Research Group, University independent regulatory site on Schauer L, Dussap CG, Poughon L, of Munich, Germany soluble guanylate cyclase. Nature Belyavin A, Reitz G, Baumstark‐ 410: 212‐215. 2005‐ Space Life Sciences Award, Khan C, Gerzer R (2006) HUMEX: a International Academy of Horneck G, Facius R, Reichert M, Study on the Survivability and Astronautics Rettberg P, Seboldt W, Manzey D, Adaptation of Humans to Long‐ Duration Exploratory Missions, Part Since‐ Head, University Council, Comet B, Maillet A, Presii H, Schauer L, Dussap CG, Poughon L, II: Missions to Mars. Adv Space Res. 2007 University of Applied 38: 752‐759. Sciences Bonn

SpaceLife ⎪54

Christian‐Albrechts‐Universität (CAU) zu Kiel

Prof. Dr. Bernd Heber Mathematisch‐ Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik (IEAP)

Leibnizstr. 11 24098 Kiel

Phone: +49 (0)431 880 3964 E‐mail: [email protected]‐ kiel.de Website: http://www.ieap.uni‐ kiel.de/et/ag‐heber/

Scientific Career Awards 1991 Diploma in Physics Christian‐ 1992 Group Achievement Award Heber B, Wibberenz G, Potgieter Albrechts‐Universität Kiel, “Ulysses Jupiter Flyby” MS, Burger RA, Ferreira SES, Germany Müller‐Mellon R, Kunow H, Research Topics 1997 Dr. rer. nat./PhD, Christian‐ Ferrando P, Raviart A, Paizis C, Albrechts‐Universität Kiel, Sun and heliosphere Lopate C, McDonald FB, Cane HV Germany (2002) Ulysses Cosmic Ray and Cosmic radiation Solar Particle Investigation/Kiel 2004 Habilitation, Universität Electron Telescope observations: Osnabrück, Germany Interaction of cosmic radiation with the atmosphere Charge sign dependence and spatial Professional Experience gradients during the 1990‐2000 A 0 Space Related Activities 1991‐ Research Associate, solar magnetic cycle. Journal of 1997 Christian‐Albrechts‐ Since Co‐I: Ulysses/ Kiel Electron Geophysical Research (Space Universität Kiel, Germany 1997 Telescope Physics) 107: 1274. Since P‐I: Ulysses/ Kiel Electron 1998‐ Research Associate, Heber B, Clem JM, Müller‐Mellin R, 2006 Telescope Centre Etude Atomique, Kunow H, Ferreira SES, Potgieter Saclay, France Since P‐I: Proton Helium MS (2003) Evolution of the galactic 1999‐ Research Scientist, Max‐ 2006 Instrument cosmic ray electron to proton ratio: 2000 Planck‐Institute for Since Co‐I: STEREO/ Electron Ulysses COSPIN/KET observations. Aeronomie, Katlenburg‐ 2006 Proton Telescope Geophys Res Lett 30: 6‐1. Lindau, Germany Selected Publications 2001 Assistant, Universität 2005 Osnabrück, Germany Heber B, and Potgieter MS (2006) Cosmic Rays at High Heliolatitudes. 2005 Assistent: Universität Space Science Reviews 127: 117‐194. Stuttgart, Germany Since Full Professor, Christian‐ Heber B, Fichtner H, Scherer K 2005 Albrechts‐Universität Kiel, (2006) Solar and Heliospheric Germany, Institute for Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Experimental and Applied Rays. Space Science Reviews 125: Physics 81‐93.

Rover for the US Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Mission

SpaceLife ⎪55

German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Dr. Christine Hellweg Institute of Aerospace Medicine Radiation Biology, Cellular Biodiagnostics

Linder Höhe 51147 Cologne Germany Phone: ++49 2203 601 3243 E‐mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dlr.de/me/

Scientific Career Space Related Activities 1996 Approbation as Veterinarian Co‐Investigator in the space Hellweg CE, Arenz A, Bogner SC, 2001 PhD in Veterinary Medicine experiments CERASP and Schmitz C, Baumstark‐Khan C CELLPATH (2006) Activation of Nuclear Factor Professional Experience κB by different agents – influence of 2001‐ Postdoc, Dermatology, Ground‐based radiobiological culture conditions in a cell‐based University of Cologne, studies at the heavy ion accelerators assay. Annals of the New York Germany GANIL (Caen, France) and GSI Academy of Sciences 1091: 191‐204. 2001‐ Postdoc, Institute of (Darmstadt, Germany), at the Hellweg CE, Baumstark‐Khan C, 2004 Aerospace Medicine, DLR, neutron reactor FRMII (Garching, Horneck G (2003) Generation of Cologne, Germany Germany) and the PTB microbeam Stably Transfected Mammalian Cell Since‐ Scientific Employee, (Braunschweig, Germany) Lines as Fluorescent NF‐κB 2004 Institute of Aerospace Selected Publications Activation Reporter Assay. J Biomol Medicine, DLR, Screen 8(5): 511‐521. aircraft flight Cologne, Germany Hellweg CE, Spitta, L, Arenz A, Bogner SC, Ruscher R, Baumstark‐ study. J. vest. Res. 12: 185‐189. Research Topics Khan C, Greif K‐D, Giesen U (2007) Biological effects of different Transcriptional response of human environmental stressors at the cells to microbeam irradiation with cellular and molecular level 2.1 MeV α‐particles. Adv Space Res (radiation, especially heavy and 39(6): 1056‐1065. light ion exposure, nanoparticles, Hellweg CE, and Baumstark‐Khan C mechanical stress) ‐ Gene (2007) Getting Ready for the expression and signal transduction Manned Mission to Mars: The in mammalian cells, Apoptosis and Astronauts’ Risk from Space cell cycle control Molecular bone Radiation. Naturwissenschaften 94: metabolism under conditions of 517‐526. space flight Heavy ion exposure campaign at GANIL, Caen, France

SpaceLife ⎪56

German Aerospace Center

Priv.‐Doz. Dr. Ruth Hemmersbach German Aerospace Center Institute of Aerospace Medicine Biomedical Science Support Center (BSSC)

Linder Höhe 51147 Cologne Germany

Phone: ++49 2203 601 3094 E‐mail: [email protected]

Scientific Career Research Topics 1985 Diploma in Biology Gravitational biology; perception of Hemmersbach R, Braun M (2006): 1988 PhD in Natural Sciences gravity on the cellular level; Gravity‐sensing and gravity‐related (Zoology) gravisensors in unicellular systems; signaling pathways in unicellular 1998 Habilitation (Zoology) experiments under altered model systems of protists and gravitational stimulation; simulation plants. Signal Transduction 6: 432‐ Professional Experience of functional weightlessness; 442. 1985‐ Doctorial grant, PostDoc scientific user support Hemmersbach R, Krause M, 1992 at the Institute of Bräucker R, Ivanova K (2005) Aerospace Medicine, DLR, Space Related Activities Graviperception in ciliates: steps in Cologne, Germany TEXUS 27 (1990); TEXUS 28 (1991) the transduction chain. Adv Space 1992‐ Scientific Employee at the Res 35: 296‐299. 2005 Institute of Aerospace Spacelab‐Mission IML‐2 (1994) Medicine, DLR, Cologne, MAXUS 2 (1995) Krause M, Bräucker R, Germany Hemmersbach R (2006) Shuttle‐Mission SMM06 (1997) Since‐ Head of the group Graviresponses of Paramecium 2005 Interdisciplinary Gravity TEXUS 39 (2001) biaurelia during parabolic flights. Research at the BSSC, Protoplasma 229: 109‐116. 5. DLR Parabolic Flight Campaign Institute of Aerospace (2003) Medicine, DLR, Cologne, Germany Selected Publications Awards Häder DP, Hemmersbach R, Lebert 1991 Junior Scientist Award of the M (2005) Gravity and the behaviour DLR of unicellular organisms. Cambridge 1992 Zeldovich Award of the University Press, Cambridge. Cospar Life Sciences Hemmersbach R, von der Wiesche behaviour, sensorimotoric M, Seibt D (2006) Experimental disorders, aquatic life platforms in gravitational biology. support systems. Signal Transduction 6: 381‐387.

Gravitaxis of cells

SpaceLife ⎪57

Universität Regensburg

Dr. Harald Huber Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie und Archaeenzentrum Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg, Germany

Phone.: ++49 941 943 3185 E‐mail: harald.huber@biologie. uni‐r.de Website: http://www.biologie. uni‐regensburg.de/Mikrobio/ Thomm/Arbeitsgruppen/huber.h tm

Scientific Career Space Related Activities 1982 Diploma in Biology Ground‐based studies on the Huber H, Gallenberger M, Jahn U, 1987 PhD in natural sciences resistance of extremophilic Eylert E, Berg I, Kockelkorn D, (Microbiology) microorganisms to radiation, Eisenreich W, Fuchs G (2008) A dicarboxylate/4‐hydroxybutyrate Professional Experience desiccation and high vacuum conditions (collaboration with the autotrophic carbon assimilation 1987‐ PostDoc at the Institute DLR in Cologne, Germany, group of cycle in the hyperthermophilic 1990 for Microbiology, Dr. Petra Rettberg). Archaeum Ignicoccus hospitalis. University of Regensburg, PNAS 105: 7851‐7856. Germany Selected Publications Since‐ Permanent position (Akad. Huber H, Hohn MJ, Rachel R, Fuchs 1990 Oberrat) at the Institute T, Wimmer VC Stetter KO (2002) A

for Microbiology, New Phylum of Archaea University of Regensburg, represented by a nano‐sized Germany; Work group hyperthermophilic symbiont. leader for microbial Nature 417: 63‐67. research projects Paper W, Jahn U, Hohn MJ, Kronner Research Topics M, Näther DJ, Burghardt T, Rachel

Isolation and characterization of R, Stetter KO, Huber H (2007): novel hyperthermophilic Archaea Ignicoccus hospitalis sp. nov., the and Bacteria; host of Nanoarchaeum equitans. Physiology and molecular biology of Int. J. System. Evol. Microbiol. 57: extremophilic microorganisms; 803‐808. Optimization of fermentation Etzel K, Huber H, Rachel R, Schmalz processes in biogas plants. G, Thomm M, Depmeier W (2007) Pyrite surface alteration of synthetic Bacterial leaching of sulfidic ores by single crystals as effect of microbial Archaea and Bacteria. activity and crystallographic orientation. Adv. Mat. Res. 20‐21: Electron micrographs and 350‐353. fluorescence image of the Nanoarchaeum equitans‐Ignicoccus hospitalis Co‐culture

SpaceLife ⎪58

German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Dr. Krassimira Ivanova Institute of Aerospace Medicine Space Physiology

Linder Höhe 51147 Cologne Germany

Phone: ++49 2203 601 3074 E‐mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dlr.de/me/

Scientific Career 1971 Diploma in Chemistry Since Adjunct Research Scientist Ivanova K, van den Wijngaard R, (Thesis in Spectroscopy), TU 2000 Department of Gerzer R, Lamers WH, Das PK Dresden Pathology, Academic (2005) Non‐lesional vitiliginous 1984 PhD (Biology), Med. of Amsterdam, Netherlands melanocytes are not characterized Academy (MA), Sofia by an increased proneness to nitric Research Topics and Space oxide‐induced apoptosis. Exp 1985 Diploma in Theoretical Related Activities Medical Chemistry, MA, Dermatol 14: 445‐453. Role of cGMP signalling in the Sofia melanocyte response to hyper‐g Ivanova K, Das P K, van den 1990 Habilitation (Biochemisty), (DLR‐IBMP). Wijngaard R, Lenz W, Ivanova K, MA, Sofia Zadeh NH Block, I, Das P K, Gerzer 1988 PhD, Medical Faculty, Selected Publications: R (2004) Stimulation of cyclic GMP Amsterdam University Ivanova K., Lambers B, van den efflux in human melanocytes by hypergravity generated by Professional Experience Wijngaard R, Le Poole I C, Grigorieva G, Gerzer R, Das PK centrifugal acceleration. Pigment 1972‐ Assistant & Associated (2008) Immortalization of human Cell Res 17: 471‐479. 1990 Professor, Departments of melanocytes does not alter the de Pharmacology, Medical Ivanova K, Das P K, van den novo properties of nitric oxide to Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wijngaard R, Lenz W, Klockenbring induce cell detachment from Medical University, Varna T, Malcharzyk V, Drummer C, extracellular matrix components via Gerzer R (2001) Differential 1991‐ Research Scientist, Division cGMP. In Vitro Cellular & expression of functional guanylyl 1993 of Clinical Pharmacology, Developmental Biology – Animal cyclases in melanocytes: absence of Medizinische Klinik 44(8‐9): 385‐395. nitric‐oxide‐sensitive isoform in Innenstadt, University of metastatic cells. J Invest Dermatol Munich, Germany Ivanova K, Block I, Das PK, Gerzer R 116: 409‐416 Since‐ Research Scientist, Head (2006) Role of cyclic GMP signaling 1993 of Cell‐ & Molecular in the melanocyte response to Biology Subdivision, hypergravity. Signal Transduction 6: Division of Space 406‐413. Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, DLR

SpaceLife ⎪59

German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Dr. Bernd Wolfgang Institute of Aerospace Medicine Johannes Aviation and Space Psychology

Sportallee 54a D‐22335 Hamburg Germany

Phone: +49 40 513096 36 E‐mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dlr.de/me/

Scientific Career 1981 Diploma in Psychology 2008 HealthLab on International Johannes BW, Salnitski VP, 1991 PhD in Psychology Space Station Polyakov VV, Kirsch KA (2003) Changes in the automatic reactivity Selected Publications: Professional Experience pattern to psyhological load under 1987‐ Scientific Assistant, Johannes BW, Wittels P, Enne R, long‐term microgravity ‐ twelve 1991 Central Institute of Eisinger G, Castro C, Thomas J, men during 6‐month spaceflight. Cardiovascular Research, Adler A, Gerzer R (2007) Non‐linear Aviakosmicheskaya i Academy of Sciences function model of voice pitch Ekologicheskaya Meditsina, 37(3): 6‐ (AdW), Berlin, Germany dependency on physical and mental 16. load. Eur J Appl Physiol 101: 267‐ 1991‐ Scientific Assistant, Max‐ Johannes BW, Salnitski VP, Gunga 276. 1993 Delbrück Center for HC, Kirsch K (2000) Voice stress Molecular Medicine (MDC), Johannes BW, Salnitski V, Rauch M, monitoring in space‐ possibilities Berlin‐Buch, Germany Goeters K‐M, Maschke P, Stelling D, and limits. Workshop Human 1995‐ Scientific Assistant, Dept. Eißfeldt H (2007) Performance factors in space, Tokyo, 7.‐9.7.1999. 2002 Physiology, Free University assessment in flight simulator test ‐ Aviat Space Environ Med 71(9,II): Berlin, Germany Validation of a space psychology A58‐A65. Since Scientific Employee, DLR, methodology. Acta Astronautica 60:

2002 Institute of Aerospace 379‐382. Medicine, Hamburg, Johannes BW, Salnitski VP (2004) Germany Integration of different autonomic Research Topics measures into common indicators of "Psychological Costs". In: Human factors in extreme Goeters K‐M (ed.) Aviation environments Psychology: Practice and Research, Performance‐Strain research Ashgate, pp. 327‐342. Space Related Activities: Johannes BW, Salnitski VP, Thieme 1996‐ Neurolab‐B on space K, Kirsch KA (2003) Differences in 2000 station MIR the automatic pattern to psycho‐ logical load in patients with hyper‐ 1999 Participant 110‐day‐ Isolation study SFINCCS, tension and rheumatic diseases. Equipment for Neurolab IBMP, Moscow Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologi‐ cheskaya Meditsina 37(1): 28‐42.

SpaceLife ⎪60

Rheinisch‐Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen

Prof. Dr. Fritz Kreuzaler Botanik & Institut für Biologie I, Gebäude Sammelbau Biologie

Worringer Weg 1 52056 Aachen, Germany

Phone: +49 241 80266 33/55 E‐mail: [email protected]‐ Aachen.de Website: http://www.bio1. rwth‐ aachen.de/MolGenetic/ Molgenetic_frame.htm

Scientific Career Selected Publications: 1971 Diploma in Biology Niessen M, Thiruveedhi K, Peschen D, Li HP, Fischer R, 1974 PhD in Natural Sciences Rosenkranz R, Kebeish R, Hirsch HJ, Kreuzaler F, Liao YC (2004) Fusion 1986 Habilitation Kreuzaler F, Peterhänsel C (2007) proteins comprising a Fusarium‐ Mitochondrial glycolate oxidation specific antibody linked to Professional Experience contributes to photorespiration in antifungal peptides protect plants 1981‐ Assistant, Max‐Planck‐ higher plants. Journal of against a fungal pathogen. Nature 1986 Institute for Breeding Experimental Botany 58: 2709‐2715. Biotechnology 22: 732‐738. Research Kebeish R, Niessen M, Thiruveedhi Since‐ Professor for Botany, K, Bari R, Hirsch HJ, Rosenkranz R, 1986 RWTH Aachen Stabler N, Schonfeld B, Kreuzaler F, Awards: Peterhansel C (2007) Chloroplastic 1974 Godecke Forschungspreis photorespiratory bypass increases photosynthesis and biomass Research Topics production in Arabidopsis thaliana. Photorespiration Nature Biotechnology 25: 593‐599. Gene Technology Cavalar M, Phlippen Y, Kreuzaler F, Peterhansel C (2007) A drastic Chromatin reduction in DOF1 transcript levels Maize Mutants does not affect C4‐specific gene expression in maize. Journal of Plant White Biotechnology Physiology 164: 1665‐1674. Space Related Activities: Bari R, Kebeish RM, Kalamajka R, Member of the Space Research Rademacher T, Kreuzaler F,

Group – Project Mars Peterhansel C (2004) A glycolate WT GDH GT-GDH dehydrogenase in the mitochondria of Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany 397: 623‐630.

Enhanced growth of transgenic plants with modified photosynthesis.

SpaceLife ⎪61

Deutsche Sporthochschule (DSHS)

Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Institute for Training Science and Joachim Mester Sports Informatics

Am Müngersdorfer Sportpark 6 50933 Köln Germany

Phone: +49 221 4982 4830 E‐mail: mester@dshs‐koeln.de Website: http://www.dshs‐ koeln.de/train/index.htm

Scientific Career Research Topics 1974 State examination in Sports Analysis of human adaptation to Koehler K, Parr MK, Geyer H, Science, University of training Mester J, Schänzer W (2007) Serum Bochum Scientific support in top testosterone and urinary excretion 1978 PhD (Motoric Learning, performance sport: national teams of steroid hormone metabolites Movement Coordination) in alpine skiing, tennis, ski‐jumping, after administration of a high‐dose 1984 Habilitation (Diagnostics of fencing, rowing, track and field zinc supplement. Eur J Clin Nutr doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602899. Sense Organs, Motor Space Related Activities: Learning, Training Empirical Modeling of human Suhr F, Brixius K, de Marées M, Professional Experience performance and adaptation under Bölck B, Kleinöder H, Achtzehn S, Bloch W, Mester J (2007) Effects of 1974‐ Scientific Assistant at the normal conditions and µg Research cooperation with DLR short‐term vibration and hypoxia 1985 Institute of Sports during high‐intensity cycling Medicine, Ruhr University Selected Publications: exercise on circulating levels of Bochum Mester J, Kleinöder H, Yue Z (2006) angiogenic regulators in humans. J 1986 Appointment as Professor at Vibration training: benefits and Appl Physiol 103(2): 474‐483. the DSHS, Head of the risks. J Biomech 39(6): 1056‐1065. Institute of Training Science and Mechanics Kolb JC, Farran P, Norris SR, Smith D, Mester J (2004) Validation of Awards pulse oximetry during progressive 1984 Carl‐Diem‐Plakette normobaric hypoxia utilizing a (Deutscher Sportbund) for portable chamber. Can J Appl the Habilitation thesis Physiol 29(1): 3‐15. 1984 Carl‐Diem‐Plakette Yue Z, Mester J (2002) A model (Deutscher Sportbund) for analysis of internal loads, the Habilitation thesis energetics, and effects of wobbling 1994 Dr. h.c. Sportuniversität mass during the whole‐body Budapest vibration. J Biomech 35(5): 639‐647. 2004 Dr. h.c. Universität Jyväskylä, Finnland

SpaceLife ⎪62

German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Dr. Ralf Möller Institute of Aerospace Medicine Radiation Biology

Linder Höhe 51147 Cologne Germany http://www.dshs‐ koeln.de/train/index.htm

Phone: ++49 2203 601 3145 E‐mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dlr.de/me/

Scientific Career Research Topics 2003 Diploma in Biology Microbiology, Astrobiology, Moeller et al., (2007) Role of DNA 2007 PhD in Natural Sciences Radiation biology, DNA repair, DNA repair by non‐homologous end (Microbiology, Biochemistry) protection, Gene expression joining (NHEJ) in Bacillus subtilis spore resistance to extreme Professional Experience analyses, Regulation networks on microbial model systems dryness, mono‐ and polychromatic 2003‐ PhD student, German 2007 UV and ionizing radiation. J Collection of Microor‐ Space Related Activities Bacteriol 189: 3306‐3311. ganisms and Cell Cultures Visiting scientist at NASA KSC, (DSMZ), Braunschweig, Moeller et al., (2007) DNA USA; ISRL NIRS, Japan; MPI‐IB, Germany and German bipyrimidine photoproduct repair Germany; Co‐investigator of DFG‐ Aerospace Center, and transcriptional response of UV‐ "Meteorite ejection and life", Cologne, Germany C irradiated Bacillus subtilis. Arch ESA/DLR‐"ADAPT" und "PROTECT" Microbiol 188: 421‐431. Since Scientific Employee, 2007 German Aerospace Selected Publications: Moeller et al., (2006) A method for Center, Cologne, Moeller et al., (2008) Role of the extracting RNA from dormant and Germany major small, acid‐soluble spore germinating Bacillus subtilis strain proteins, spore specific and 168 endospores. Curr Microbiol 53: universal DNA repair mechanisms in 227‐231. the resistance of Bacillus subtilis Moeller et al., (2005) Role of spores to ionizing radiation from X‐ pigmentation in protecting Bacillus rays and high energy charged (HZE) sp. endospores against particle bombardment. J Bacteriol environmental UV radiation. FEMS 190: 1134‐1140. Microbiol Ecol 51: 231‐236. Moeller et al., (2007) UV radiation induced formation of DNA bipyrimidine photoproducts in Bacillus subtilis endospores and their repair during germination. Int Microbiol 10: 39‐46.

SpaceLife ⎪63

Rheinisch‐Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen

Dr. Corinna Panitz Universitätsklinikum Aachen Institut für Flugmedizin, Zentrum für Medizin & Mobilität

Kullenhofstr. 52 52074 Aachen Germany

Phone: +49 241 80 88 723 E‐mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.ukaachen. de /content/institution/4125624

Scientific Career 1989 Diploma in Biology ADAPT and PROTECT on EXPOSE‐ Rabbow E, Rettberg P, Panitz C., 1993 PhD in Biology E Drescher J, Horneck G (2005), SSIOUX – Space Simulation for TRIPLE‐LUX in Biolab, Columbus on Professional Experience Investigating Organics, Evolution ISS 1994‐ Educational work ‐ two and Exobiology. Adv Space Res 36: 2000 children Coordinator for Ground Simulation 297‐302 2000‐ Scientific employee at the of all EXPOSE‐R space experiments Rabbow E, Rettberg P, Baumstark‐ 2005 German Aerospace Center, Coordinator for of Rose Consortium Khan C, Horneck G (2003) SOS‐ Cologne, Germany and EVT and EST Program for LUX‐LAC‐FLUORO‐Toxicity‐test on 2005‐ Scientific employee at the EXPOSE‐R space experiments the International Space Station present RWTH Aachen SPORES on EXPOSE‐R (ISS). Adv Space Res 31: 1513‐1524 Research Topics Selected Publications: Exo/Astrobiology, Photobiology, Microbiology, Genetics, space De la Torre Noetzel R, Sancho LG, Pintado A, Rettberg P, Rabbow E, experiments. Panitz C, Deutschmann U, Reina M, Space Related Activities: Horneck G (2007) BIOPAN PI for ESA Ground experiment experiment LICHENS on the Foton SSIOUX Candy M2 mission Pre‐flight verification tests of the ‐granite ecosystem. Adv Co‐Investigator of Space Space Res 40: 1665‐1671 experiments: Cockell Ch S, Schuerger A C, Billi D, MARSTOX I and II on BIOPAN IV, V Friedmann EI, Panitz C (2005) and VI Effects of Simulated Martian UV Flux on the Cyanobacterium, Chroococcidiopsis sp. 029, Astrobiology, Vol. 5, Number 2 Biological samples accommodated

for EXPOSE‐R EST

SpaceLife ⎪64

German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Dr. Elke Rabbow Institute of Aerospace Medicine Radiation Biology, Astro‐/ Exobiology

Linder Höhe 51147 Cologne Germany

Phone: ++49 2203 6013243 E‐mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dlr.de/me/

Scientific Career 1993 Diploma in Biology TARDIS on BIOPAN VI Rabbow E, Rettberg P, Panitz C, Drescher J, Horneck G (2005) 2000 PhD in Biology ADAPT and PROTECT on EXPOSE‐ SSIOUX – Space Simulation for Professional Experience E Investigating Organics, Evolution 1999‐ Scientific employee at the TRIPLE‐LUX in Biolab, Columbus on and Exobiology. Adv Space Res 36: 2000 Project Management at DLR ISS 297‐302. 2000‐ Scientific employee at the Coordinator for ESA Ground Rabbow E, Rettberg P, Baumstark‐ 2005 RWTH Aachen experiment SSIOUX Khan C, Horneck G (2003) SOS‐ 2005‐ Scientific employee at the LUX‐LAC‐FLUORO‐Toxicity‐test on Present German Aerospace Center Coordinator for Ground Simulation the International Space Station Cologne, Germany of all above space experiments (ISS). Adv Space Res 31: 1513‐1524. Research Topics DFG‐Project UV radiation and Deinococcus radiodurans Exo/Astrobiology, Photobiology, Microbiology, Genetics, space Coordinator for DLR‐EnviHab experiments. Selected Publications: Space Related Activities: De la Torre Noetzel R, Sancho LG, ESA Point of Contact/coordination Pintado A, Rettberg P, Rabbow E, Panitz C, Deutschmann U, Reina M., of EXPOSE on ISS Horneck G (2007) BIOPAN STS 122 lift off on February 7th, PI for DFG‐Project Impact II experiment LICHENS on the Foton 2008 Co‐Investigator of Space M2 mission Pre‐flight verification experiments: tests of the granite ecosystem. Adv Space Res 40: 1665‐1671. SURVIVAL I on BIOPAN III Rabbow E, Stojicic N, Walrafen D, MARSTOX I and II on BIOPAN IV, V Baumstark‐Khan C, Rettberg P, and VI Schulze‐Varnholt D, Franz M, Reitz SPORES on EXPOSE‐R G (2006) SOS‐LUX‐Toxicity‐Test on the International Space Station. Research in Microbiology 157: 30‐36. External payloads EuTEF and SOLAR in the cargo bay of STS 122

SpaceLife ⎪65

University of Regensburg

Prof. Dr. Reinhard Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie und Rachel Archaeenzentrum

Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg, Germany

Phone: +49 941 943 2837 Fax: +49 941 943 2403 E‐mail: [email protected]‐ r.de Website: http://www.biologie.uni‐ regensburg.de/Mikrobio/Thomm/ Scientific Career Selected Publications: 1982 Diploma in Biology, Rachel R, Wyschkony, Riehl S, Prangishvili D, Vestergaard G, University of Düsseldorf Huber H (2002) The ultrastructure of Häring M, Aramayo R, Basta T, 1987 PhD at the Technical Ignicoccus: evidence for a novel Rachel R, Garrett RA (2006) University of Munich outer membrane and for Structural and genomic properties of the hyperthermophilic archaeal Professional Experience intracellular vesicle budding in an archaeon. Archaea 1: 9‐18. virus ATV with an extracellular stage 1987‐ PostDoc at the MPI for of the reproductive cycle. J Mol Biol 1988 Biochemistry, Munich Näther DJ, Rachel R, Wanner G, 359: 1203‐1216. 1988‐ PostDoc at the MRC‐LMB Wirth R (2006) The flagella of Pyrococcus furiosus are Paper W, Jahn U, Hohn MJ, Brandl 1990 in Cambridge, England multifunctional organelles, also M, Näther DJ, Burghardt T, Rachel since‐ Permanent position at the serving for surface adhesion and R, Stetter KO, Huber H (2007) 1990 Institute for Microbiology, cell‐cell contacts. J. Bacteriol. 188: Ignicoccus hospitalis sp. nov., the University of Regensburg, 6915‐6923. host of Nanoarchaeum equitans. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57: 803‐808. Germany; group leader for Burghardt T, Näther DJ, Junglas B, Ultrastructure and Electron Huber H, Rachel R (2007) The Microscopy in Microbiology dominating outer membrane since‐ Head of the Centre of protein of the hyperthermophilic 2004 Electron Microscopy Archaeum Ignicoccus hospitalis: a novel pore‐forming complex. Mol. Research Topics Microbiol. 63: 166‐176. Structural characterization of Häring M, Vestergaard G, Rachel R, hyperthermophilic Archaea and Chen L, Garrett RA, Prangishvili D Bacteria (2005) Independent virus Cell surface, membrane proteins development outside a host. Nature and Surface layer of extremophilic 436: 1101‐1102. microorganisms Cell‐cell and cell‐surface interaction of Archaea Electron micrograph of an ultrathin section of Ignicoccus hospitalis

SpaceLife ⎪66

German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Dr. Günther Reitz Institute of Aerospace Medicine Radiation Biology

Linder Höhe 51147 Cologne Germany

Phone: ++49 2203 601 3137 E‐mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dlr.de/me/

Scientific Career ESA‐Multiuser‐Facility 1972 Diploma in Physics Reitz G (2006) Past and future MATROSHKA application of solid‐state detectors 1990 PhD in Biophysics Principal Investigator: in manned spaceflight. Radiat Prot Professional Experience Dosim 120: 387‐396. 1975‐ Scientific Employee, Dosimetric Mapping Experiments on EURECA I, D2, IML 1 & 2, Beaujean R, Burmeister S, Petersen 2004 Institute of Aerospace Biocosmos 9 & 10 missions, BIOPAN F, Reitz G (2005) Radiation exposure Medicine, DLR, Cologne flights, MIR92, EUROMIR94 & measurement onboard civil aircraft. Since‐ Head of the Radiation EUROMIR 95 & on BIORACK Radiat Prot Dosim 116: 312‐315. 2004 Biology Section Missions on STS 76, 81 and 84 Dachev TP, Spurny F, Reitz G, Awards: Biostack Experiments on IML2 and Tomov BT, Dimitrov PG, Matvii‐ D2 and BIOPAN chuk YN (2005) Simultaneous Scientific Award of DGLRM investigation of galactic cosmic rays Co‐investigator: Research Topics on aircrafts and on International Biostack Experiments I, II, & III, in Space Station. Adv Space Res 36: Radiation Protection and Dosimetry "Advanced Biostack" Experiment on 1665‐1670. for human space flight and for SL1 & IML1 & in "Free Flyer aircrew. Development and Reitz G, Facius R, Bilski P, Olko P Biostack" on EURECA; SL1 & D2 investigation of the radiation (2002) Investigation of Radiation Experiments "Microorganisms"; detection properties of active and Doses in Open Space using TLD Dosimetric Mapping" & "Carausius" passive radiation detectors. Detectors. Radiat Prot Dosim 100: in BIORACK in SL‐D1, IML1 Organization of ground based 533‐536. radiation intercalibration Selected Publications: Reitz G (2001) Neutron dosimetric campaigns. Reitz G, Berger T (2006) The measurements in shuttle and MIR. Space Related Activities: MATROSHKA Facility – Dose Radiat Meas 33: 341‐346. determination during an EVA. Project manager: Radiat Prot Dosim 120: 442‐445. SL1 experiment Microorganisms Reitz G, Beaujean R, Benton E, Free Flyer Biostack on LDEF Burmeister S, Dachev T, Deme S et al. (2005) Space Radiation Payload element Radiation on D2 Measurements onboard ISS – The Dosimetry Mapping in US Lab Dosmap Experiment. Radiat Prot

Dosim 116: 374‐379. MATROSHKA

SpaceLife ⎪67 German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Dr. Petra Rettberg Institute of Aerospace Medicine Radiation Biology

Linder Höhe 51147 Cologne Germany

Phone: ++49 2203 601 4637 E‐mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dlr.de/me/

Scientific Career Principal Investigator of the 1977‐ Study of Chemistry, Ruhr‐ 1999 Poster award, symposium following international space 1983 Universität Bochum, Biosensors for Environ‐ experiments: Germany mental Monitoring: Response to New Analytical 1983‐ Dissertation (Dr. rer. nat.), MARSTOX I of the mission FOTON Demands, Paris 1988 Ruhr‐Universität Bochum, M‐2, MARSTOX II on the FOTON M‐ 3 mission, ADAPT since 2008 on the Germany Research Topics ISS Professional Experience Exo/Astrobiology, Photobiology, Microbiology, Genetics, space TRIPLELUX (2009 on the ISS) 1988 Scholar of the Max Planck‐ experiments. Society Selected Publications: 1988‐ Head of the research group Space Related Activities: Rettberg P, Fritze D, Verbarg S, 1992 ‘Radiation Biology’, Max‐ Co‐Investigator of the following Nellen J, Horneck G, Stackebrandt Planck‐Institute for international space experiments: E, Kminek G (2006) Determination Radiation Chemistry, of the microbial diversity of SURVIVAL II on BIOPAN I and II Mülheim, Germany spacecraft assembly, testing & 1993‐ Junior research scientist, SURVIVAL I on BIOPAN III, UVRAD launch facilities: First results of the ESA project MiDiv. Adv Space Res 1995 ‘Radiation Biology’, of the mission D‐2 38: 1260‐1265. DLR, Institute of Aerospace REPAIR of the mission IML‐2 Medicine, Radiation Biology, Rettberg P, Rabbow E, Panitz C, KINETICS of the mission IML‐2 Köln, Germany Horneck G (2004) Biological space 1996 Head of the research group UVE of the mission Mir’97 experiments for the simulation of Martian conditions: UV radiation present ‘Photo‐ & Exobiology’, EXOBIOLOGIE of the mission and Martian soil analogues. Adv DLR, Institute of Aerospace PERSEUS, HighRad of the FOTON Space Res 33(8): 1294‐1301. Medicine, Radiation Biology, M‐3 mission), Lithopanspermia of Köln, Germany the FOTON M‐3 mission, PROTECT Pogoda de la Vega U, Rettberg P, since 2008 on the ISS, SPORES Douki T, Cadet J, Horneck G (2005) Awards: (2008 on the ISS), UREY (2013, Sensitivity to polychromatic UV‐ 2001 DLR‐Competition of Visions, ExoMars) radiation of strains of Deinococcus 2. Place radiodurans differing in their DNA repair capacity. Int J Radiat Biol 81: 601‐611.

SpaceLife ⎪68

Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn

Prof. Dr. Peter Stehle Institut für Ernährungs‐ und Lebensmittelwissenschaften (IEL) ‐ Ernährungsphysiologie Endenicher Allee 11‐13 53115 Bonn, Germany

Phone: ++49 228 73 3680 E‐mail: p.stehle@uni‐bonn.de Website: www.nutrition.uni‐ bonn.de

Scientific Career Selected Publications: 1981 Diploma in Nutrition 2004 Arnold‐Durig‐ Gedächtnisvorlesung, Volkert D, Kreuel K, Heseker H, Sciences, University Stehle P (2004) Energy and nutrient Hohenheim‐Stuttgart, Österreichische Gesellschaft für Ernährung (ÖGE) intake of young old, old‐old and Germany very old elderly in Germany. Eur J 1984 PhD in Nutrition Sciences Research Topics Clin Nutr 58: 1190‐1200. 2001 Habilitation in Nutritional Vitamin D, calcium and bone health; Schleithoff SS, Zittermann A, Biochemistry nutrient utilization and demands in Tenderich G, Berthold HK, Stehle P, Professional Experience microgravity; amino acid, peptide, Koerfer R (2006) Vitamin D 1984‐ Postdoc, Department of phospholipid metabolism; nutrient supplementation improves cytokine 1991 Biological Chemistry & bioavailability (experimental profiles in patients with congestive Nutrition Science, models, human studies); nutrition in heart failure: a double‐blind, University Hohenheim‐ the elderly randomized, placebo‐controlled Stuttgart, Germany Space Related Activities: trial. Am J Clin Nutr; 83: 754‐759. 1992‐ Associate Professor, Metabolic ward in space – calcium Beale RJ, Sherry T, Lei K, Campbell‐ 1994 Department of Biological and bone metabolism: Zittermann Stephen L, McCook J, Smith J, Chemistry & Nutrition A et al, Eur J (2000) Clin Invest 30: Venetz W, Alteheld B, Stehle P, Science, University 1036‐1043 Schneider H (2008) Early enteral Hohenheim‐Stuttgart, supplementation with key Germany Nitrogen metabolism during pharmaconutrients improves since‐ University Professor in immobilisation: Scheld K et al. Sequential Organ Failure 1994 Nutritional Physiology, (2001) Clin Chem 47:1688‐1695 Assessment score in critically ill University Bonn, Germany patients with sepsis: Outcome of a randomized, controlled, double‐ Awards: blind trial. Crit Care Med 36: 131‐ 1994 Konrad‐Lang‐Preis, 144. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin (DGEM)

SpaceLife ⎪69

German Sport University Cologne (DSHS)

Univ.‐Prof. Dr. Heiko Strüder Institute of Motor Control and Movement Technique

Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6 50933 Köln Germany

Phone: +49 221 4982 4190 E‐mail: strueder@dshs‐koeln.de Website: http://www.dshs‐ koeln.de/IMB

Scientific career Space related activities docrine stress parameters and elec‐ trocortical activity. Stress: in press 1993 PhD in Exercise Science Participation in the ESAs MARS500 2001 Professorship (C3) for Sports and ANTARCTICA program Schneider S, Brummer V, Gobel S, Medicine, TU Chemnitz Carnahan H, Dubrowski A, Strüder Parabolic flights 2002 Professorship (C4) for HK (2007) Parabolic flight Exercise Science, German Human centrifuge experience is related to increased Sport University (DSHS) release of stress hormones. Eur J Selected Publications Cologne Appl Physiol 100: 301‐308 Schneider S, Brummer V, Carnahan Professional Experience Rojas Vega S, Strüder HK, Vera H, Dubrowski A, Askew CD, Strüder Wahrmann B, Schmidt A, Bloch W, Since Director of the Institute HK (2008) What happens to the Hollmann W (2006) Acute BDNF 2002 of Motor Control and brain in weightlessness? A first and cortisol response to low Movement Technique at the approach by EEG tomography. intensity exercise and following DSHS Cologne Neuroimage 42: 1316‐1323 Since Vice President for ramp incremental exercise to 2006 Research at the German Schneider S, Brummer V, Mierau A, exhaustion in humans. Brain Res Sport University Cologne Carnahan H, Dubrowski A, Strüder 1121: 59‐65 HK (2008) Increased brain cortical Strüder HK, Weicker H (2001) Awards activity during parabolic flights has Physiology and pathophysiology of 1993 Arno Arnold Award of the no influence on a motor tracking the serotonergic system and its German Federation of Sport task. Exp Brain Res 185: 571‐579 implications on mental and physical Physicians Schneider S, Guardiera S, Kleinert J, performance. Part I. Int J Sports 1993/94 Toyota Award at the Steinbacher A, Abel T, Carnahan H, Med 22: 467‐481 German Sport University Strüder HK (2008) Centrifugal Strüder HK, Weicker H (2001) Cologne acceleration to 3Gz is related to Physiology and pathophysiology of 1993/94 Compliments at the "Carl‐ increased release of stress hormo‐ the serotonergic system and its Diem" competition of the nes and decreased mood in men implications on mental and physical German Sport Federation and women. Stress 11: 339‐347 performance. Part II. Int J Sports Research Topics Schneider S, Kleinert J, Steinbacher Med 22: 482‐497 Exercise Neuroscience A, Brümmer V, Strüder HK (2008) The effect of parabolic flight on Serotonergic system perceived physical, motivational Artificial gravity and the brain and psychological state in men and women: correlation with neuroen‐

SpaceLife ⎪70

University of Regensburg

Prof. Dr. Michael Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie und Thomm Archaeenzentrum Institut für Biochemie, Genetik und Mikrobiologie

Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg, Germany

Phone: +49 941 943 3160 E‐mail: Michael.Thomm@ biologie.uni‐r.de

Website:www.biologie.uni‐ Regensburg.de/Mikrobio/Thomm/ Scientific Career Research Topics 1980 Dipl.‐Biol. (Master of Mechanism of transcription in Pyrococcus furiosus. Mol Microbiol Science), Univ. of Munich Archaea; 64(6): 1499‐1505. 1983 Dr. rer. nat. (Ph.D.), Univ. of Etzel K, Huber H, Rachel R, Schmalz Regensburg (Microbiology) Regulation of transcription in Archaea and Eukarya; G, Thomm M, Depmeier W (2007) 1988 Dr. rer. nat. habil., Univ. of Pyrite surface alteration of synthetic Regensburg (Microbiology) Microbiology of methanogenes and single crystals as effect of microbial of hyperthermophiles; Professional Experience activity and crystallographic orientation. Advanced Materials 1983 Postdoctoral fellow at the Head of fermentation facility (11 Research, 20‐21: 350‐353. 1988 University of Regensburg fermenters ‐ Archaecenter (Prof. Dr. Karl O. Stetter) Regensburg) Lee SJ, Surma M, Seitz S, Hausner 1988 Research assistant at the Space Related Activities: W, Thomm M, Boos W (2007) Characterization of the TrmB‐like 1991 University of Regensburg Cultivation of chemolithotrophic protein, PF0124, a TGM‐recognizing Department of Microbiology microorganisms which are only global transcriptional regulator of 1991‐ Christian‐Albrechts‐ dependent upon the presence of the hyperthermophilic archaeon 2002 University of Kiel: Full water and volcanic gases like Pyrococcus furiosus. Mol Microbiol professor of Microbiology, hydrogen, CO2 and H2S 65(2): 305‐318. Head of the Institute of Selected Publications: General Microbiology Grünberg S, Bartlett MS, Naji S, Liu W, Vierke G, Wenke A‐K, Thomm M (2007) Transcription 2002‐ University of Regensburg, Thomm M, Ladenstein R (2007) factor E is a part of transcription present Germany: Full professor of Crystal structure of the archaeal elongation complexes. J Biol Chem Microbiology, Head of the heat shock regulator from 282(49): 35482‐35490. Department of Microbiology Pyrococcus furiosus: A molecular & Archaeencenter Micorescu M, Grünberg S, Franke A, chimera representing eukaryal and Cramer P, Thomm M, Bartlett M bacterial features. J Mol Bio. 369: (2008) Archaeal transcription: 474‐488. function of an alternative Lee SJ, Surma M, Seitz S, Hausner transcription factor B from W, Thomm M, Boos W (2007) Pyrococcus furiosus. J Bacteriol Differential signal transduction via 190(1): 157‐167. TrmB, a sugar sensing transcriptional repressor of

SpaceLife ⎪71

Christian‐Albrechts‐Universität (CAU) zu Kiel

Prof. Dr. Robert F. Mathematisch‐ Wimmer‐Schweingruber Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik (IEAP) Leibnizstr. 11 24098 Kiel

Phone: +49 431 880 3964 E‐mail: [email protected]‐ kiel.de Website: http://www.ieap.uni‐ kiel.de/et/ag‐wimmer/index.php

Scientific Career Research Topics 1983 Studies in Physics, Solar and heliospheric physics, Wimmer‐Schweingruber RF, 1991 University of Bern, planetology, radiation detection Crooker NU, Balogh A, Bothmer V, Switzerland Forsyth RJ, Gazis P, Gosling JT, Space Related Activities 1991 Diploma in Theoretical Horbury T, Kilchenmann A, Physics Co‐Investigator of instruments on Richardson I, Richardson J, Riley P, 1994 PhD in Experimental Physics numerous space missions Rodriguez L, von Steiger R, Wurz P, Zurbuchen TH (2006) 2001 Habilitation in Experimental Co‐Principal Investigator for Solar Understanding Interplanetary Physics Orbiter / EPD Coronal Mass Ejections Signatures. Professional Experience Principal Investigator for Space Sci Rev 123: 177‐216. 1995‐ Postdoc, University of LEO/RadMo 1996 Maryland, College Park, Selected Publications MD, USA 1996‐ Research Fellow, University Wimmer‐Schweingruber RF (2005) 2001 of Bern, Switzerland Interplanetary Disturbances. In Space Weather: The Physics Behind 2001‐ Senior Scientist (Oberas‐ a Slogan. Scherer K et al. (eds), 2002 sistent), University of Bern, Springer, Berlin, Lect Notes Phys Switzerland, teaching at 656: 71‐129. university level Since University professor at Bochsler P, Moebius E, Wimmer‐ 2002 the IEAP, University of Schweingruber R F (2006), On the Kiel, Germany velocity distributions of dust‐related 2004‐ 2‐year term as executive inner‐source pickup ions , Geophys. 2006 director of the IEAP Res. Lett., 33, L06102, doi:10.1029/2005GL025178.

Wimmer‐Schweingruber RF (2006) Coronal Mass Ejections. Space Sci Rev 123: 471‐480.

DOSTEL on EuTEFF in STS‐122 Cargo Bay

SpaceLife ⎪72

University of Regensburg

Prof. Dr. Reinhard Wirth Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie und Archaeenzentrum

Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg, Germany

Phone: ++49 941 943 1825 E‐mail: [email protected]‐ Regensburg.de Website: http://www.biologie.uni‐ regensburg.de/Mikrobio/Thomm/ Arbeitsgruppen/wirth.htm

Scientific Career Space Related Activities Thoma C, Frank M, Rachel R, Schmid S, Näther D, Wanner G, 1976 Dipl.‐Biol., University of ESA project „Communities of Wirth R (2008) Fimbriae of Regensburg archeae and specific bacterial Methanothermobacter 1980 Dr. rer. nat., University of communities on spacecrafts and in thermoautotrophicus are encoded by Regensburg their clean room environment” mth60: first characterization of an 1989 Dr. rer. nat. habil., University Selected Publications archaeal fimbrium. Mol Microbiol of Munich submitted. Francia MV, Haas W, Wirth R, Professional Experience Samberger E, Muscholl‐Silberhorn 1980‐ Postdoctoral fellow at the A, Gilmore MS, Ike Y, Weaver KE,

1983 University of Munich, An FY, Clewell DB (2001) Germany Completion of the Nucleotide 1983‐ Postdoctoral fellow at the Sequence of the Enterococcus

1985 University of Michigan, Ann faecalis Conjugative Virulence Arbor, USA, Prof. Don Plasmid pAD1 and Identification of a Clewell Second Transfer Origin. Plasmid 46: 1985‐ Research assistant at the 112‐117. 1994 University of Munich, Siebert K, Busl M, Asmus I, Freund J, Germany Muscholl‐Silberhorn A, Wirth R Since‐ Professor (C3) at the (2004) Evaluation of Methods for 1994 University of Regensburg, Storage of Marine Macroorganisms Germany with Optimal Recovery of Bacteria. Research Topics Appl Environ Microbiol 70: 5912‐ 5915. Cell surface appendages (flagellae, fimbriae and pili) of Archeae and Schopf S, Wanner G, Rachel R, their role in adhesion, motility, Wirth R (2008) An Archaeal Bi‐ biofilm formation, etc. species Biofilm Formed by Pyrococcus furiosus and Pyrococcus furiosus binds by flagella Methanopyrus kandleri. Arch to grains of sand in its biotop Microbiol submitted.

SpaceLife ⎪73

German Aerospace Center (DLR)

PD Dr. Jochen Zange Institute of Aerospace Medicine Space Physiology

Linder Höhe 51147 Cologne Germany

Phone: ++49 2203 601 3456 E‐mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dlr.de/me/

Scientific Career 1985 Diploma in Biology Development of non invasive Vorgerd M, Zange J (2002) 1990 PhD in Natural Sciences methods for research in applied Carbohydrate oxidation disorders of (Biology) human physiology and for diagnosis skeletal muscle. Curr. Opin. Clin. 2006 Habilitation in Human of muscle diseases. Nutr Metab Care 5 (6): 611‐617. Physiology Space Related Activities Zange J, Kornblum C, Müller K, Professional Experience PI: EuroMir '94, '95, ´95E, and MIR Kurtscheid S, Heck H, Schröder R, 1988‐ Postdoc, Max‐Planck‐ ’97, ‘97E. Grehl T, Vorgerd M (2002). Creatine 1990 Institute for System CoI ESA‐MAP‐Med30 supplementation results in elevated Physiology, Dortmund, ESA Topical Team Member: phosphocreatine /adenosine Germany “Skeletal Muscle” and “Artificial triphosphate (ATP) ratios in the calf 1990‐ Postdoc, Institute of Gravity” muscle of athletes but not in patients with myopathies. Ann 1991 Animal Physiology, Selected Publications Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Neurol 52 (1): 126‐127. Düsseldorf, Germany Zange J, Beisteiner M, Müller K, Zange J, Müller K, Schuber M, Since Researcher at the Institute Shushakov V, Maassen N (2008) Wackerhage H, Hoffmann U, 1991 of Aerospace Medicine, Energy metabolism in intensively Günther RW, Adam G, Neuerburg Cologne, current position: exercising calf muscle under a JM, Sinitsyn VE, Bacharev AO, Head of subdivision simulated orthostasis. Pflügers Belichenko OI (1997) Changes in calf ‘Integrative Muscle Arch. 455(6): 1153‐1163. muscle performance, energy Physiology’ Zange J, Grehl T, Disselhorst‐Klug metabolism, and muscle volume caused by long term stay on space Research Topics C, Rau G, Müller K, Schröder R, Tegenthoff M, Malin JP, Vorgerd M station Mir. Int J Sports Med 18: Physiology and pathophysiology of (2003) Breakdown of adenine S308‐S309. human skeletal muscle. nucleotide pool in fatiguing skeletal Development and testing of muscle in McArdle’s disease: a non‐ countermeasures and therapies invasive 31P MRS and EMG study. against muscle weakness. Muscle Nerve 27(6): 728‐736.

SpaceLife ⎪74

SpaceLife Profiles of the Associated Partners

SpaceLife ⎪75

Freie Universität Berlin

Univ.‐Prof. Dr. Leo Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin Klinik und Poliklinik für Kleine Brunnberg Haustiere

Oertzenweg 19 b 14163 Berlin Germany Phone: ++49 30 838 62356 E‐mail: [email protected]‐ berlin.de Website: http://www.vetmed. fu‐berlin.de/einrichtungen/ kliniken/we20/index.html

Research Topics Selected Publications Pathogenesis and Therapy of Nordhoff M, Rühe B, Kellermeier C, Forterre F, Fritsch G, Kaiser S, Osteoarthritis in Dogs Moter A, Schmitz R, Brunnberg L, Matiasek K, Brunnberg L (2006) Wieler LH (2008) Association of Surgical approach for tentorial Experimental Surgery Treponema spp. with canine meningiomas in cats: a review of six Neurosurgery: Herniated Vertebral periodontitis. Veterinary cases. Journal of feline medicine Disc Microbiology 127(3‐4): 334‐342. and surgery 8 (4): 227 – 233. Orthopedics: New methods of Ottenjann M, Lübke‐Becker A, Forterre F, Kaiser S, Garner M, fracture care Linzmann H, Brunnberg L, Kohn B Stadie B, Matiasek K, Schmahl W, (2008) Pyothorax bei 26 Katzen Brunnberg L (2006)Synovial cysts Klinik, Labordiagnostik und associated with cauda equina Therapie (2000‐2007) Berliner und syndrome in two dogs. Veterinary Münchener Tierärztliche Surgery 35(1): 30‐33. Wochenschrift 121 (9/10): 365‐373. Forterre S, Raila J, Forterre F, Walther B, Wieler LH, Friedrich AW, Brunnberg L, Schweigert FJ (2006) Hanssen AM, Kohn B, Brunnberg L, Characterisation of transthyretin Lübke‐Becker A (2008), Methicillin‐ and retinol‐binding protein in resistant Staphylococcus aureus plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of (MRSA) isolated from small and dogs. Veterinary Journal 171 (3) : exotic animals at a university 451‐455. hospital during routine Forterre S, Raila J, Kohn B, microbiological examinations. Brunnberg L, Schweigert FJ Veterinary Microbiology 127(1‐2): (2006)Protein profiling of organic 171‐178. stone matrix and urine from dogs Brunnberg L (2007), Experimentelle with urolithiasis. Journal of Animal interdisziplinäre Chirurgie in der Physiology and Animal Nutrition 90: klinischen Forschung für Tier und 192‐199. Mensch. Nova Acta Leopoldina NF 95 (353): 183‐191.

SpaceLife ⎪76

Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin

Prof. Hanns‐Christian Campus Benjamin Franklin Institut für Physiologie Gunga Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany

Phone: ++49 30 8445 1656 E‐mail: Hanns‐ [email protected] Website: http://www.zwmb.de/

Scientific Career Research Topics 1980 Diploma in Geology‐ Space medicine, blood physiology, Boldt LH, Fraszl W, Röcker L, Palaeontology cardiovascular physiology, renal Steinach M, Noack T, Gunga HC 1987 State examen in Medicine physiology, comparative physiology (2008) Changes in the haemostatic 1989 Dissertation Dr. med. in extreme environments system during after thermoneutral (Berlin) and hyperthermic water. Eur J Appl Space Related Activities Physiol 102: 547‐554. 1997 Habilitation/PhD PI: (Physiology), Free University Gunga HC, Suthau T, Bellman A, EUROMIR’94 (Principal Investigator, Berlin, Berlin Stoinski S, Friedrich A,Trippel T, CVP‐Erythropoietin) Kirsch K, Hellwich O (2008) A new 2004 Professorship, Charité ESA‐CNES L‐TBR’94 (Principal body mass estimation of University Medicine Berlin, Investigator, Erythropoietin) Brachiosaurus brancai Janensch, Berlin MIR’97 (Principal Investigator, 1914 mounted and exhibited at the Erythropoietin‐Serum Transferrin Professional Experience Museum of Natural History (Berlin, Receptor) 1980 Scientific Assistant, Germany). Fossil Record 11: 28‐33. 1987 Department of Physiology, Neurolab 2000 (Principal Free University Berlin Investigator, Psycho‐Physiology) Gunga HC, Kirsch KA, Roecker L, Germany Co‐I: ISEMSI’90, EXEMSI’92, Kohlberg E, Tiedemann J, Steinach MIR’92, D‐2, ALTAIR, EUROMIR’94, M, Schobersberger W (2007): 1996 Visiting Researcher, HUBES’94 Erythropoietin regulations in Santiago de Chile humans under different Several Parabolic Flight Campaigns 2000 Speaker of the Center of environmental and experimental and Bed Rest Studies Space Medicine conditions. Respir Physiol Since Vice Director of the Selected Publications Neurobiol158: 287‐297. 2008 Department of Physiology, Charite University Medicine Gunga HC, Sandsund M, Reinertsen Gunga HC, Suthaus T, Bellmann A, Berlin, Campus Benjamin RE, Sattler F, K Koch KJ (2008) A Friedrich A, Schwanebeck T, Franklin non‐invasive device to continuously Stoinski S, Trippel T, Kirsch K, determine heat strain in humans. J Hellwich O (2007) Body Mass 1995 Group Leader, Therm Biol 33: 297‐307. estimations for Plateosaurus 2002 Max‐Delbrück‐Laboratory, engelhardti using laser scanning and Cologne, Germany 3D reconstruction methods. Since Group Leader, Naturwissenschaften 94: 623‐630. 2002 Professor, Institute for Biology II, University of Freiburg, Germany

SpaceLife ⎪77

Universität Hohenheim

Prof. Reinhard Hilbig Institute for Zoology (220) Faculty of Natural Sciences

Garbenstr. 30 – BIO II D‐70599 Stuttgart Germany

Phone: ++49 711 459-23349 E‐mail: [email protected] Website: https://www.uni‐ hohenheim.de/

Research Topics Selected Publications Basic neurobiological adaptation Shcherbakov D, Winklhofer, M, mechanisms of fish to altered Petersen N, Steidle J, Hilbig R, Blum gravity conditions M (2005) Magnetosensation in zebrafish. Current Biology 15(5): Artificial ecosystems 161‐162. Space biology Hilbig, R, Anken, R, Rahmann H, (2003): On the origin of susceptibility to kinetotic swimming behaviour in fish: A parabolic aircraft flight study. J Vest Res 12: 185‐189.

SpaceLife ⎪78

Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg

PD Dr. Michael Lebert Ökophysiologie der Pflanzen

Staudtstraße 5 D‐91058 Erlangen Germany

Phone: ++49 9131 85 28217 E‐mail: [email protected]‐ erlangen.de Website: http://www.biologie.uni‐

erlangen.de/botanik1/html/deu/l ebert.htm

Scientific Career Selected Publications 1987 Diploma in Biology Richter, PR, Schuste, M, Meyer I, Streb C, Richter, P, Ntefidou M, 1991 PhD in Natural Sciences Lebert M, Häder, D‐P (2006) Lebert M, Häder D‐P (2002) (Biochemistry) Indications for acceleration‐ EXOTOX‐biomonitoring based on 1999 Habilitation (Botany) dependent changes of membrane real time movement analysis of potential in the flagellate Euglena unicellular organisms. J Gravit Professional Experience gracilis. Protoplasma 229: 101‐108. Physiol 9: 345‐346. Reprint of ESA 1991 Postdoc, Pullman, Wa., SP‐501. 1993 USA Häder D‐P, Richter P, Lebert M (2006) Signal transduction in Richter P, Ntefidou M, Streb C, Since Senior scientist, Lebert M, Häder D‐P (2002) 1993 University of Erlangen, gravisensing of flagellates. Signal Transduct. 6: 422‐431. Physiological characterization of Germany gravitaxis in Euglena gracilis. J Gravit Research Topics Häder D‐P, Lebert M (2006) Physiol. 9: 279‐280 Reprint of ESA ELDONET – European Light SP‐501. Euglena gracilis ('beast') DOsimeter NETwork. Sinha RP, Barbieri ES, Lebert M, Environmentally controlled signal Environmental UV radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health Helbling EW, Häder D‐P (2003) perception and signal transduction Effects of solar radiation on in microorganisms and Predictive Models. NATO Science Series, IV. Earth and phycobiliproteins of marine red Artificial ecosystems Environmental Sciences, Vol. 57, algae. Trends Photochem. Photobiol 10: 149‐157. Space biology Ghetti, F., Checcucci, G., Bornman, J.F. (Eds.), Springer, The Ntefidou M, Richter PR, Streb C, Netherlands, pp. 95‐10. Lebert M, Häder D‐P (2002) High light exposure leads to a sign Häder D‐P, Richter P, Ntefidou M, Lebert M (2005) Gravitational change in gravitaxis of the flagellate sensory transduction chain in Euglena gracilis. J Gravit Physiol 9: flagellates. Adv Space Res 36: 1182‐ 277‐278. 1188.

SpaceLife ⎪79

Universität Freiburg

Prof. Klaus Palme Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Biology II Molecular Plant Physiology

Schänzlestr. 1 79104 Freiburg Germany

Phone: ++49 761 203 2954 E‐mail: Klaus.palme@biologie. uni‐freiburg.de Website: http://www.sfb592.uni‐ freiburg.de/b8/#publikation

Scientific Career Research Topics 1977 Diploma in Chemistry Physiology, genetics and Willemsen V, Frim, J, Grebe, M, Van 1981 PhD in Natural Sciences metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana Den Toorn, A, Palme, K, Scheres B (Chemistry) (2003) The Arabidopsis ORC/Sterol Awards 1993 Habilitation (Botany), methyltransferase1 gene is required University of Cologne 1995 G‐Prize (for "longterm for cell polarity, and correct application oriented localization of putative auxin efflux 2001 Professorship, University of research; Intospace, Paris) carriers. Plant Cell 15: 612‐625. Freiburg 2002 Max‐Planck‐Forschungspreis Ottenschläger I, Wolff P, Wolverton Professional Experience für internationale C, Bhalerao R, Sandberg G, Ishikawa 1978 Scientific Employee, Kooperation H, Evans M, Palme K (2003) Gravity 1981 Biochemistry Institute, Selected Publications induced auxin transport from University of Ulm, Germany Arabidopsis columella to lateral root 1982 Visiting Researcher, Vandenbussche F, Smalle J, Le J, cap cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983 Salk Institute for Biological Saibo NJM, De Paepe A, Chaerle L, 100: 2987‐2991. Studies in San Diego (USA) Tietz O, Smet A, Laarhove LJ, Frim lJ, Benkova E, Mayer U, Palme 1984 SFB Scholarship, Harren FJM, Verbelen H‐P, Van K, Muster G (2003) Automated 1985 Cologne, Germany Onckelen H, Palme K, Van Der Straeten D (2002) The Arabidopsis whole mount localisation 1986 Scientific Employee, thaliana mutant mar1 illustrates a techniques for plant seedlings. Plant 1995 Max‐Planck‐Institut für cross‐talk between ethylene and J 34: 115‐124 Züchtungsforschung, auxin. Plant Physiol 131:1228‐1238. Cologne, Germany Hejátko J, Pernisová M, Eneva T, 1995 Group Leader, Palme K, Brzobohaty B (2003) The 2002 Max‐Delbrück‐Laboratory, putative sensor histidine kinase Cologne, Germany CKI1 is involved in Arabidopsis female gametophyte development. Since Group Leader, Mol Gen Genet 269: 443‐453. 2002 Professor, Institute for Biology II, University of Freiburg, Germany

SpaceLife ⎪80

Johann Wolfgang Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt am Main

PD Dr. Franz Rödel Universitätsklinikum Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Onkologie Strahlenbiologie

Theodor‐Stern‐Kai 7 60590 Frankfurt Germany Phone: ++49 69 6301 6637 E‐mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.strahlentherapie.kgu .de/Ueber‐Uns

Scientific Career Research Topics inflammatory diseases of low‐dose radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Biol, 1991 Diploma in Biology Molecular radiation biology: key 83: 57‐66. 1995 PhD in Natural Sciences, processes and molecules in radia‐ University of Erlangen‐ tion‐induced cell inactivation Capalbo G, Rödel C, Stauber RH, Nürnberg andtheir modulation in Knauer SK, Bache M, Kappler M, 2004 Habilitation (Molecular radiotherapy. Development of novel Rödel F (2007). The role of survivin Radiation Biology) therapeutic targets for cancer for radiation therapy: prognostic treatment. Mechanisms of the anti‐ and predictive factor and Professional Experience inflammatory properties of low‐ therapeutic target. Strahlenther 1991 Scientific Employee, dose X‐irradiation. Onkol, 183: 593‐599. 1995 Institute for Microbiology, University of Erlangen‐ Development of new vectors with Rödel F, Keilholz L, Herrmann M.; Nürnberg, Germany Selected Publications Sauer R, Hildebrandt G (2007). Radiobiological mechanisms in 1995 Scientific Project Leader, Rödel F, Frey B, Leitmann W, inflammatory diseases of low dose 1996 Medicon Publisher, Munich, Capalbo G, Weiss C, Rödel C (2008). radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Biol, Germany Survivin antisense oligonucleotides 83: 357‐66 1997 Seminar Project effectively radio sensitize colorectal Management, Grundig cancer cells in both tissue culture Knauer S, Krämer O, Knösel T, Academy and murine xenograft models. Int J Engels K, Rödel F, Kovács A, Brieger Nürnberg, Germany Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 71: 247‐55. J, Habtemichael N, Hambeck M, Klein‐Hitpass L, Rödel C, Mann W, 1997 Scientific Employee, Rödel F, Hofmann D, Auer J, Knecht R, Petersen I, Heinzel T, 2007 Radiotherapy Clinic , Keilholz L, Herrmann M, Röllinghoff Stauber R (2007). Nuclear export is University of Erlangen‐ M, Sauer R, Beuscher HU (2008). essential for the biological activity Nürnberg, Germany The anti‐inflammatory effect of low of survivin – novel aspects to target Since Group Leader, dose radiation therapy involves a the survivin pathway in cancer. 2007 Radiotherapy Clinic , diminished CCL20 chemokine FASEB Journal, 21: 207‐216. University of Frankfurt, expression and granulocyte/ Germany endothelial cell adhesion. Rödel F, Hoffmann J, Distel L, Herr‐ Awards Strahlenther Onkol 184: 41‐47. mann M, Noisternig T, Papado‐ poulos T, Sauer R, Rödel C (2005). 2000 Günther‐von‐Pannewitz‐ Rödel F, Keilholz L, Herrmann M, Survivin As a Radio‐Resistance Fac‐ Award Sauer R, Hildebrandt G (2007). tor, and Prognostic and Therapeutic 2004 Hermann‐Holthusen‐Award Radiobiological mechanisms in Target for Radiotherapy in Rectal

Cancer. Cancer Res, 65: 4881‐4887.

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Freie Universität Berlin

Univ.‐Prof. Dr. Michael Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin F.G. Schmidt Institut für Immunologie und Molekularbiologie

Philippstr. 13 10115 Berlin Germany Phone: ++49 30 2093 6468 E‐mail: schmidt.mfg@vetmed. fu‐berlin.de Website: http://www.vetmed. fu‐berlin.de/einrichtungen/ institute/we06/index.html Scientific Career 1973 Diploma in Biology 1990 Full Professor, Dept. of proteins. Methods Mol Biol 446: 1993 Virology, Faculty of Vet. 1975 Dr. rer. nat. in Biochemistry, 163‐182. Med., FU Berlin, Germany Virology, Genetics Since Full Professor and Rai MF, Rachakonda PS, Manning K, 1987 Habilitation (Biochemistry Chairman Vorwerk B, Brunnberg L, Kohn B, and Virology) 1993 Dept. of Immunology and Schmidt MFG (2008) Quantification 1986 Professorship Molecular Biology, Faculty of of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in a three‐dimensional Professional Experience Veterinary Medicine, FU Berlin, Germany model of inflammatory arthritis. 1972 Teaching Assistant, Cytokine 42: 8‐17. 1973 Faculty of Vet. Med., Research Topics Giessen, Germany Scharek L, Guth J, Filter M, Schmidt Enveloped viruses (emphasis 1973 Research Assistant, Faculty MFG (2007) Impact of the probiotic influenza virus); membrane 1974 of Vet. Med., Giessen bacteria Enterococcus faecium biochemistry (vesicular transport, University, Germany NCIMB 10415 (SF68) and Bacillus secretion); protein modifications cereus var. toyoi NCIMB 40112 on 1974 Post Doc, Faculty of (glyosylation, fatty acylation); the development of serum IgG and 1977 Vet. Med., Giessen intestinal immunity; osteoarthritis, faecal IgA of sows and their piglets. University gene therapy; inflammation Arch Anim Nutr 61: 223‐234. 1977 Research Fellow, Dept. of 1980 Microbiology & Selected Publications Schierack P, Wieler LH, Taras D, Immunology, Washington Rachakonda PS, Rai MF, Manning K, Herwig V, Tachu B, Hlinak A, University, School of Schmidt MFG (2008) Expression of Schmidt MFG, Scharek L (2007) Medicine, USA canine interleukin‐4 in canine Bacillus cereus var. toyoi enhanced 1980 Senior Researcher, chondrocytes inhibits inflammatory systemic immune response in 1982 Faculty of Vet. Med., cascade through STAT6. Cytokine piglets. Vet Immunol Immunopathol Giessen University 44: 179‐184. 118: 1‐11. 1982 Research Assosiate (C1), Rachakonda PS, Rai MF, Schmidt Rachakonda PS, Veit M, Korte T, 1986 Virology Department, Facul‐ MFG (2008) Application of Ludwig K, Böttcher C, Huang Q, ty of Vet. Med., Giessen inflammation‐responsive promoter Schmidt MFG, Herrmann A (2007) 1986 Associate Professor, Dept. for an in vitro arthritis model. The relevance of salt bridges for the 1990 of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arthritis Rheum 58: 2088‐2097. stability of the influenza virus Medicine, Kuwait University hemagglutinin. FASEB J 21(4): 995‐ Veit M, Ponimaskin E, Schmidt MFG 1002. (2008) Analysis of S‐acylation of

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BeiHang University ‐ Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Prof. Fengyuan Zhuang School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering

XueYuan Road No. 37 HaiDian District Beijing 100191 China

Phone: ++86‐10‐82339670 E‐mail: [email protected], [email protected] Website: http://www.buaa.edu.cn

Scientific Career Research Topics 1962 Diploma in Physics Effects of gravity on the cardio‐ Professional Experience vascular system, remoldeling of 1962 Teaching Assistant cardiovescular vessels. 1980 Lecturer, Physics Dept. Effects of microgravity on immune Beijing University cells and endothelial cells. 1980 Visiting Scholar, Mechanobiology studies on 1983 Applied Mechanics & gravisensing of mammalian cells Engineering/Bioengineering, Biomachanics, University of Cell biomechanics California, San Diego, USA Space Related Activities Selected Publications 1983 Lecturer Physics Dept., th 1984 Beijing University General Secretary for the 16 IAA Wang C, Sang C, Higashibata A, 1984 Associate Prof. Humans in Space Symposium, May Ishioka N, Rong L, Yang C, Sun Y, Yi ZC, Zhuang FY (2008) Changes 2001 Prof. Director, Dept. of 21‐24, 2007 Beijing of muscle‐related genes and Biomechanics & Co‐Chair of 2nd Sino‐German proteins after spaceflight in Biorheology, Research Symposium on Space Life Sciences, Caenorhabditis elegans. Progress Institute, China‐Japan Oct. 13‐18, 2008, Beijing in Biochemistry and Biophysics Friendship Hospital Principle investigator ‐ muscle 35(10): 1195‐1201. 1985 Director of Hemorheology atrophy of C. elegance ‐ on Chinese 1989 Dept. Beijing Heart Lung, & Gao ZY, Liu F, Yu ZQ, Bai X, Yang Biosatellite SHIJIAN 8 (2006) Blood Vascular Center C, Zhuang FY, Ruan CG (2008) th 2001 Director, Founder of Bioen‐ Co‐investigator ‐ 10 DLR parabolic Effects of von Willebrand Factor 2005 gineering Dept., (now School flight campaign (effects of Concentration and Platelet of Biological Science & Medi‐ microgravity on migration‐ and Collision on Shear‐induced Platelet cal Engineering), Beijing adhesion‐regulating signal Activation, Thrombosis and University of Aeronautics & pathways in cells of the immune Haemostasis, 100: 60‐68. system, Cologne, Germany (2007) Astronautics (BUAA) Yang C, Wei D, Zhuang FY (2008) 2001 Director of Bioscience The force induced by organelles’ 2008 & Bioengineering Institute gravity in the microfilament is in Since Prof. School of Biological the range of 0.1‐1pN, Acta 2001 Science and Medical Astronautica, 63: 923‐928. Engineering, BUAA

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SpaceLife Member Group Locations

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SpaceLife Application

SpaceLife is open to highly Applicants are invited to send Applications of candidates which qualified and motivated their curriculum vitae, meet the requirements of applicants from all countries, and list of publications, SpaceLife are recommended for it is committed to an equal further assessment by the faculty copy of their diploma/master opportunity policy. Applicants members, who jointly short‐list theses, should hold a Master’s or other the candidates to be invited for past and present research degree with excellent grades the interview days in Cologne. interests, comparable to a German Invitations are sent University Diploma in copies of masters/diploma approximately six weeks in psychology, biology, physics, and certificates (with translation if advance. not in German, English or nutrition or sports sciences. During the interview days, each French) and SpaceLife gives the opportunity candidate conducts several to carry out a full‐time doctoral contact addresses of two interviews with faculty members thesis at the end of which the referees. to discuss research experience, doctoral students will receive a The two referees will be asked by motivation and interests. The Dr. rer. nat., Dr. hum. biol., Dr. the SpaceLife coordinator to interviews with group leaders oec. troph., Dr. med. vet. Dr. rer. submit confidential letters of result in a first assessment of medic. or Dr. Sports Sciences. recommendation. Linguistic candidates. All applicants Per age‐group, up to 13 doctoral proficiency in English can be proceed to a final interview with students at the DLR and up to 12 demonstrated by taking a a Selection Committee, which from the partner universities can standardized test (e.g., the consists of five faculty members. participate in the program. TOEFL). Selected applicants will Taking the assessment of the Furthermore, doctoral students be invited for an interview with interviewing faculty members who have already started their faculty members. The partners of into account, the Selection thesis at the DLR or the partner SpaceLife jointly conduct the Committee evaluates the overall universities can apply for central selection procedure. The qualification of the candidate, admission to SpaceLife and are applications will be subjected to a and recommends to the also subjected to the selection competitive multi‐step spokesperson and the process described below. evaluation procedure. coordinator of SpaceLife whom Evaluation of applications to admit to the program. The first evaluation takes into Offers of admission account the applicants’ national Offers of admission to SpaceLife education system, and is carried are made by the end of the out by experts on the respective selection week. The offers educational system. Applicants include in general the affiliation will be contacted by phone for to the SpaceLife program and to assessment of proficiency in a research group. The individual English. starting date will be agreed with the primary Supervisor.

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SpaceLife Contact

German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Aerospace Medicine SpaceLife Linder Höhe 51147 Cologne Germany

Spokesperson Coordinator Secretary

Prof. Dr. Rupert Gerzer Dr. Christine Hellweg Anna‐Maria Trautmann

Institute of Aerospace Medicine Institute of Aerospace Medicine Institute of Aerospace Medicine Head Radiation Biology Radiation Biology Cellular Biodiagnostics

Phone: ++49 2203 601 3115 Phone: ++49 2203 601 3243 Phone: ++49 2203 601 3011 E‐mail: [email protected] E‐mail: [email protected] E‐mail: [email protected]

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