The Terror Challenge in South Asia and Prospect of Regional Cooperation

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Terror Challenge in South Asia and Prospect of Regional Cooperation The Terror Challenge in South Asia and Prospect of Regional Cooperation The Terror Challenge in South Asia and Prospect of Regional Cooperation Editor Anand Kumar INSTITUTE FOR DEFENCE STUDIES & ANALYSES NEW DELHI The Terror Challenge in South Asia and Prospect of Regional Cooperation Editor: Dr Anand Kumar ISBN 978-81-8274-599-5 First Published in 2012 Copyright © Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without first obtaining written permission of the copyright owner. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, or the Government of India. Published by PENTAGON SECURITY INTERNATIONAL An Imprint of PENTAGON PRESS 206, Peacock Lane, Shahpur Jat, New Delhi-110049 Phones: 011-64706243, 26491568 Telefax: 011-26490600 email: [email protected] website: www.pentagonpress.in Typeset in Garamond 11pt by The Laser Printers Printed at Syndicate Binders, Noida. Contents List of Abbreviations vii About the Contributors ix Introduction 1 Anand Kumar SECTION I Problems of Terrorism in South Asia 1. Developing a Viable Counter-terrorism Strategy for South Asia 13 V.P. Malik 2. Beyond Terrorism: Dimensions of Political Violence in South Asia 19 S.D. Muni 3. Lessons Learnt and Future Prospects in Post-war Sri Lanka 32 Jehan Perera 4. India’s Experience in Dealing with Terrorism 44 Arvind Gupta, Ashok Behuria, P.V. Ramana and Pushpita Das 5. Countering Terrorism—The Maldivian Perspective 61 Mohamed Ziad 6. The Impact of Terrorism on Sri Lanka: A Multifaceted Analysis 71 Shivaji Felix 7. Bhutan’s Approach to Combating Terrorism 82 Karma Tsering Namgyal vi The Terror Challenge in South Asia and Prospect of Regional Cooperation 8. Cycles of Violence: Conflict in ‘Post-Conflict’ Nepal 85 Deepak Thapa 9. The Role of Academics in Combating Terrorism: A Closer Look at Bangladesh 94 Imtiaz Ahmed SECTION II Regional Cooperation in Counter-terrorism 10. Opportunities for Regional Stability: The View from Pakistan 107 Shehryar Fazli 11. Assessing Counter-terror Cooperation in South Asia 118 Anand Kumar 12. Counter-terrorism and Regional Cooperation in South Asia 129 Chiran Jung Thapa Index 144 List of Abbreviations AMMAA Agreement on Monitoring the Management of Arms and Armies BIMSTEC Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation CBMs Confidence Building Measures CBRN Chemical, Biological, Radiological or Nuclear Weapons CCBLE Civilian Capacity Building for Law Enforcement in Pakistan CCIT Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism CCOMPOSA Coordination Committee of the Maoist Parties of South Asia CFA Ceasefire Agreement CPA Comprehensive Peace Accord CPN (M) Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) CRC International Committee of the Red Cross CrPC Criminal Procedure Code CTC Counter-Terrorism Centre CUFL Chittagong Urea Fertiliser Limited EPRLF Eelam Peoples’ Revolutionary Liberation Front EU European Union FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas HeI Hizb-e-Islami HPI Human Poverty Index HUJI Harkat-ul-Jihadi Islami HUJI-B Harkat-ul-Jehad-al Islami Bangladesh IED Improvised Explosive Device IIGs Indian Insurgent Groups IoM Islam-o-Muslim ISCN-IM National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Isak Muivah JATM Joint Anti-Terrorism Mechanism viii The Terror Challenge in South Asia and Prospect of Regional Cooperation JI Jamaah Islamiah JMB Jamaatul Mujahideen Bangaladesh JMJB Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh JTMM Janatantrik Tarai Mukti Morcha KIA Kachin Independent Army KLO Kamatapur Liberation Organisation KPK Khyber Pakhtunkwa LeJ Lashkar-e-Jhangvi LeT Lashkar-e-Tayyeba LLRC Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission LOAC Law of Armed Conflict LOC Line of Control LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam MCCI Maoist Communist Party of India MILF Moro Islamic Liberation Front MNDF Maldives National Defence Force MNLF Madhesi National Liberation Front NDFB National Democratic Front of Bodoland NSCN National Socialist Council of Nagaland NSI National Security Intelligence PLA People’s Liberation Army PPP Pakistan People’s Party PPW Protracted People’s War PSI Proliferation Security Initiative PWG People’s War Group RAB Rapid Action Battalion RGST Reformed General Sales Tax RIM Revolutionary International Movement SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SIMI Student Islamic Movement of India SLFP Sri Lanka Freedom Party SPA Seven-Party Alliance SSP Sipah-e-Sahaba STOMD SAARC Terrorism Monitoring Desk ULFA United Liberation Front of Asom UNLF-M United National Liberation Front-Manipur UNP United National Party UNSC United Nations Security Council VDCs Village Development Committees YCL Young Communist League About the Contributors Gen V P Malik, who was commissioned in the Indian Army on 7 June 1959, had taken over as the Chief of Army Staff from Gen Shankar Roychowdhury on 1 October 1997. He oversaw intensified anti terrorist operations in Jammu and Kashmir and north east India, management of disputed borders with China and Pakistan and security relations with other nations. He planned, coordinated and oversaw execution of Operation Vijay to successfully defeat Pakistan’s attempted intrusion in Kargil sector in 1999. Prof. Sukh Deo Muni is a Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of South Asian Studies of National University of Singapore. Prof. Muni, also a Senior Visiting Scholar, Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi, and Editor of Indian Foreign Affairs Journal, superannuated from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India in 2006 after 33 years of teaching and research service. He also served as Professor of Political Science at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India (1985-86). In 1997, he was appointed India’s Ambassador to Laos and his services were again availed by the Government of India in 2005 when he was sent as a Special Envoy to Laos PDR and Cambodia to plead India’s case for UN Security Council Reforms. Muni has held several visiting academic assignments abroad. Mr. Jehan Perera is the Executive Director of the Sri Lankan NGO National Peace Council since 2005. Before that he has worked as the Media Director for National Peace Council (1996-2005) and Director at Sarvodaya Legal Aid Services (1988-95). He is also the secretary of the People’s Action for Free and Fair Elections, a member of the Presidential Task Force on Ethnic Affairs and National Integration, and a regular political columnist on the Sri Lankan peace process for several Sri Lankan newspapers and magazines. He is the author of “From War to Peace”—a collection of articles, “Peace Process in Nagaland and Chittagong Hill Tracts: An Audit report”, Co-author of “A x The Terror Challenge in South Asia and Prospect of Regional Cooperation people’s Movement under Siege” and “A Manual of Civil and Political Rights” and editor of “A Gateway to Justice through Public Interest law: Proceedings of a seminar”. Dr. Arvind Gupta is an officer of the Indian Foreign Service (1979 batch). He presently holds the Lal Bahadur Shastri Chair in Strategic and Defence Studies at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. Prior to joining IDSA, Dr. Gupta was Joint Secretary at the National Security Council Secretariat from 1999 to 2008. During his tenure at the NSCS, he dealt with a wide spectrum of national security issues. Dr. Arvind Gupta has wide-ranging diplomatic experience gained while working in Indian missions abroad. He has handled a number of assignments in the Ministry of External Affairs in different capacities. He has several books, articles and papers to his credit. Dr. Ashok Behuria obtained his PhD from School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University in 1995. For his Ph.D. he worked on Ethno- communal violence as a factor in India-Pakistan relations during the Eighties using the linkage theory framework. He joined International Centre for Peace Studies (ICPS) in 1996 and worked as Assistant Director, Associate Editor of Weekly Kashmir Trends, Assistant Editor of Journal of Peace Studies. He joined IDSA in 2003 and has been working as Research Fellow on issues relating to South Asia in general and Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Nepal in particular. He has written a number of research articles, monographs and commentaries on various regional and international issues. Dr. P V Ramana is a Research Fellow at the Terrorism and Internal Security Cluster of the IDSA. He is an expert on South Asian Studies, Regional Security of South Asia, Military Research and Development, Internal Security, Maoist Movements in South Asia. Dr Ramana was student of South Asian security studies. His MPhil dissertation “Role of the Navy in India’s Security” (1996) and his Doctoral dissertation was entitled Military R&D in India: Programmes and Processes (2000). Dr. Pushpita Das is a Associate Fellow in the Terrorism and Internal Security Cluster of the IDSA. As Research Executive in Security and Political Risk Analysis (SAPRA) between April and December 2004, she prepared a database based on various international and national newspapers, organised seminars and workshops, wrote daily reports, briefs and articles for the monthly bulletin. She has also written articles for various journals and edited books. Lieutenant Colonel Mohamed Ziad assumed the duties of Principal Director of Operations at the
Recommended publications
  • Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia List of Commanders of the LTTE
    4/29/2016 List of commanders of the LTTE ­ Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia List of commanders of the LTTE From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The following is a list of commanders of theLiberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), also known as the Tamil Tigers, a separatist militant Tamil nationalist organisation, which operated in northern and eastern Sri Lanka from late 1970s to May 2009, until it was defeated by the Sri Lankan Military.[1][2] Date & Place Date & Place Nom de Guerre Real Name Position(s) Notes of Birth of Death Thambi (used only by Velupillai 26 November 1954 19 May Leader of the LTTE Prabhakaran was the supreme closest associates) and Prabhakaran † Velvettithurai 2009(aged 54)[3][4][5] leader of LTTE, which waged a Anna (elder brother) Vellamullivaikkal 25­year violent secessionist campaign in Sri Lanka. His death in Nanthikadal lagoon,Vellamullivaikkal,Mullaitivu, brought an immediate end to the Sri Lankan Civil War. Pottu Amman alias Shanmugalingam 1962 18 May 2009 Leader of Tiger Pottu Amman was the second­in­ Papa Oscar alias Sivashankar † Nayanmarkaddu[6] (aged 47) Organization Security command of LTTE. His death was Sobhigemoorthyalias Kailan Vellamullivaikkal Intelligence Service initially disputed because the dead (TOSIS) and Black body was not found. But in Tigers October 2010,TADA court judge K. Dakshinamurthy dropped charges against Amman, on the Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, accepting the CBI's report on his demise.[7][8] Selvarasa Shanmugam 6 April 1955 Leader of LTTE since As the chief arms procurer since Pathmanathan (POW) Kumaran Kankesanthurai the death of the origin of the organisation, alias Kumaran Tharmalingam Prabhakaran.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAP 9 Sri Lanka
    79o 00' 79o 30' 80o 00' 80o 30' 81o 00' 81o 30' 82o 00' Kankesanturai Point Pedro A I Karaitivu I. Jana D Peninsula N Kayts Jana SRI LANKA I Palk Strait National capital Ja na Elephant Pass Punkudutivu I. Lag Provincial capital oon Devipattinam Delft I. Town, village Palk Bay Kilinochchi Provincial boundary - Puthukkudiyiruppu Nanthi Kadal Main road Rameswaram Iranaitivu Is. Mullaittivu Secondary road Pamban I. Ferry Vellankulam Dhanushkodi Talaimannar Manjulam Nayaru Lagoon Railroad A da m' Airport s Bridge NORTHERN Nedunkeni 9o 00' Kokkilai Lagoon Mannar I. Mannar Puliyankulam Pulmoddai Madhu Road Bay of Bengal Gulf of Mannar Silavatturai Vavuniya Nilaveli Pankulam Kebitigollewa Trincomalee Horuwupotana r Bay Medawachchiya diya A d o o o 8 30' ru 8 30' v K i A Karaitivu I. ru Hamillewa n a Mutur Y Pomparippu Anuradhapura Kantalai n o NORTH CENTRAL Kalpitiya o g Maragahewa a Kathiraveli L Kal m a Oy a a l a t t Puttalam Kekirawa Habarane u 8o 00' P Galgamuwa 8o 00' NORTH Polonnaruwa Dambula Valachchenai Anamaduwa a y O Mundal Maho a Chenkaladi Lake r u WESTERN d Batticaloa Naula a M uru ed D Ganewatta a EASTERN g n Madura Oya a G Reservoir Chilaw i l Maha Oya o Kurunegala e o 7 30' w 7 30' Matale a Paddiruppu h Kuliyapitiya a CENTRAL M Kehelula Kalmunai Pannala Kandy Mahiyangana Uhana Randenigale ya Amparai a O a Mah Reservoir y Negombo Kegalla O Gal Tirrukkovil Negombo Victoria Falls Reservoir Bibile Senanayake Lagoon Gampaha Samudra Ja-Ela o a Nuwara Badulla o 7 00' ng 7 00' Kelan a Avissawella Eliya Colombo i G Sri Jayewardenepura
    [Show full text]
  • Signatory ID Name CIN Company Name 02700003 RAM TIKA
    Signatory ID Name CIN Company Name 02700003 RAM TIKA U55101DL1998PTC094457 RVS HOTELS AND RESORTS 02700032 BANSAL SHYAM SUNDER U70102AP2005PTC047718 SHREEMUKH PROPERTIES PRIVATE 02700065 CHHIBA SAVITA U01100MH2004PTC150274 DEJA VU FARMS PRIVATE LIMITED 02700070 PARATE VIJAYKUMAR U45200MH1993PTC072352 PARATE DEVELOPERS P LTD 02700076 BHARATI GHOSH U85110WB2007PTC118976 ACCURATE MEDICARE & 02700087 JAIN MANISH RAJMAL U45202MH1950PTC008342 LEO ESTATES PRIVATE LIMITED 02700109 NATESAN RAMACHANDRAN U51505TN2002PTC049271 RESHMA ELECTRIC PRIVATE 02700110 JEGADEESAN MAHENDRAN U51505TN2002PTC049271 RESHMA ELECTRIC PRIVATE 02700126 GUPTA JAGDISH PRASAD U74210MP2003PTC015880 GOPAL SEVA PRIVATE LIMITED 02700155 KRISHNAKUMARAN NAIR U45201GJ1994PTC021976 SHARVIL HOUSING PVT LTD 02700157 DHIREN OZA VASANTLAL U45201GJ1994PTC021976 SHARVIL HOUSING PVT LTD 02700183 GUPTA KEDAR NATH U72200AP2004PTC044434 TRAVASH SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS 02700187 KUMARASWAMY KUNIGAL U93090KA2006PLC039899 EMERALD AIRLINES LIMITED 02700216 JAIN MANOJ U15400MP2007PTC020151 CHAMBAL VALLEY AGRO 02700222 BHAIYA SHARAD U45402TN1996PTC036292 NORTHERN TANCHEM PRIVATE 02700226 HENDIN URI ZIPORI U55101HP2008PTC030910 INNER WELLSPRING HOSPITALITY 02700266 KUMARI POLURU VIJAYA U60221PY2001PLC001594 REGENCY TRANSPORT CARRIERS 02700285 DEVADASON NALLATHAMPI U72200TN2006PTC059044 ZENTERE SOLUTIONS PRIVATE 02700322 GOPAL KAKA RAM U01400UP2007PTC033194 KESHRI AGRI GENETICS PRIVATE 02700342 ASHISH OBERAI U74120DL2008PTC184837 ASTHA LAND SCAPE PRIVATE 02700354 MADHUSUDHANA REDDY U70200KA2005PTC036400
    [Show full text]
  • Terrorist Tactics and Strategies Compiled and Selected by Judith Tinnes
    PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 12, Issue 5 Bibliography: Terrorist Tactics and Strategies Compiled and selected by Judith Tinnes [Bibliographic Series of Perspectives on Terrorism - BSPT-JT-2018-6] Abstract This bibliography contains journal articles, book chapters, books, edited volumes, theses, grey literature, bibliographies and other resources on terrorist tactics and strategies (such as the planning of attacks, targeting, decision making, and successful or failed plots). Though focusing on recent literature, the bibliography is not restricted to a particular time period and covers publications up to September 2018. The literature has been retrieved by manually browsing more than 200 core and periphery sources in the field of Terrorism Studies. Additionally, full-text and reference retrieval systems have been employed to broaden the search. Keywords: bibliography; resources; literature; terrorism; tactics, strategies, planning, plots, attacks, targeting, decision making NB: All websites were last visited on 16.09.2018. - See also Note for the Reader at the end of this literature list. Bibliographies and other Resources Al-Khalidi, Ashraf; Renahan, Thomas (Eds.) (2015, May-): Daesh Daily: An Update On ISIS Activities. URL: http://www.daeshdaily.com Atkins, Stephen E. (2011): Annotated Bibliography. In: Stephen E. Atkins (Ed.): The 9/11 Encyclopedia. (Vol. 1). (2nd ed.). Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 481-508. Bergen, Peter et al. (2016-): Terrorism in America after 9/11. (New America In-Depth Report). URL: https:// www.newamerica.org/in-depth/terrorism-in-america Bowie, Neil G. (2017, August): Terrorism Events Data: An Inventory of Databases and Data Sets, 1968-2017. Perspectives on Terrorism, 11(4), 50-72. URL: https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/binaries/content/assets/ customsites/perspectives-on-terrorism/2017/issue-4/0620174-terrorism-events-data-an-inventory-of- databases-and-data-sets-1968-2017-by-neil-g.-bowie.pdf Bowie, Neil G.; Schmid, Alex P.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lessons of Mumbai
    THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as a public CHILD POLICY service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and effective PUBLIC SAFETY solutions that address the challenges facing the public SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Support RAND Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Learn more about the RAND Corporation View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation occasional paper series. RAND occasional papers may include an informed perspective on a timely policy issue, a discussion of new research methodologies, essays, a paper presented at a conference, a conference summary, or a summary of work in progress. All RAND occasional papers undergo rigorous peer review to ensure that they meet high standards for research quality and objectivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Endgame in Sri Lanka Ajit Kumar Singh*
    Endgame in Sri Lanka Ajit Kumar Singh* If we do not end war – war will end us. Everybody says that, millions of people believe it, and nobody does anything. – H.G. Wells 1 The Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapakse finally ended the Eelam War2 in May 2009 – though, perhaps, not in the manner many would desire. So determined was the President that he had told Roland Buerk of the BBC in an interview published on February 21, 2007, “I don't want to pass this problem on to the next generation.”3 Though the final phase of open war4 began on January 16, 2008, following the January 2 unilateral withdrawal of the Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) from the Norway-brokered * Ajit Kumar Singh, Research Fellow, Institute for Conflict Management 1 Things to Come (The film story), Part III, adapted from his 1933 novel The Shape of Things to Come, spoken by the character John Cabal. 2 The civil war in Sri Lanka can be divided into four phases: Eelam War I between 1983 and 1987, Eelam War II between 1990-1994, Eelam War III between 1995-2001, and Eelam War IV between 2006-2009. See Muttukrishna Sarvananthaa in “Economy of the Conflict Region in Sri Lanka: From Embargo to Repression”, Policy Studies 44, East-West Centre, http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/ps044.pdf. 3 “No end in sight to Sri Lanka conflict”, February 21, 2007, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6382787.stm. 4 Amantha Perera, “Sri Lanka: Open War”, South Asia Intelligence Review, Volume 6, No.28, http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/sair/Archives/6_28.htm#assessment1.
    [Show full text]
  • In This Issue... Plus
    Volume 18 No. 2 February 2009 12 in this issue... 6 Vibrant Gujarat 8 India Inc. at Davos 12 15th Partnership Summit 22 3rd Sustainability Summit 8 31 Defence Industry Seminar plus... n India Rubber Expo 2009 n The Power of Cause & Effect n India’s Tryst with Corporate Governance 22 n India & the World n Regional Round Up n And all our regular features We welcome your feedback and suggestions. Do write to us at 31 [email protected] Edited, printed and published by Director General, CII on behalf of Confederation of Indian Industry from The Mantosh Sondhi Centre, 23, Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110003 Tel: 91-11-24629994-7 Fax: 91-11-24626149 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cii.in Printed at Aegean Offset Printers F-17 Mayapuri Industrial Area, Phase II, New Delhi-110064 Registration No. 34541/79 JOURNAL OF THE Confederation OF INDIAN INDUSTRY 2 | February 2009 Communiqué Padma Vibhushan award winner Ashok S Ganguly Member, Prime Minister’s Council on Trade & Industry, Member India USA CEO Council, Member, Investment Commission, and Member, National Knowledge Commission Padma Bhushan award winners Shekhar Gupta A M Naik Sam Pitroda C K Prahalad Editor-in-Chief, Indian Chairman and Chairman, National Paul and Ruth McCracken Express Newspapers Managing Director, Knowledge Commission Distinguished University (Mumbai) Ltd. Larsen & Toubro Professor of Strategy Padma Shri award winner R K Krishnakumar Director, Tata Sons, Chairman, Tata Coffee & Asian Coffee, and Vice-Chairman, Tata Tea & Indian Hotels Communiqué February 2009 | 5 newsmaker event 4th Biennial Global Narendra Modi, Chief Minister, Gujarat, Mukesh Ambani, Chairman, Investors’ Summit 2009 Reliance Industries, Ratan Tata, Chairman, Tata Group, K V Kamath, President, CII, and Raila Amolo Odinga, Prime Minister, Kenya ibrant Gujarat, the 4th biennial Global Investors’ and Mr Ajit Gulabchand, Chairman & Managing Director, Summit 2009 brought together business leaders, Hindustan Construction Company Ltd, among several investors, corporations, thought leaders, policy other dignitaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix-H-27 MADURAI KAMARAJ UNIVERSITY (University with Potential for Excellence)
    Placed at the meeting of Academic Council held on 12.12.2019 Appendix-H-27 MADURAI KAMARAJ UNIVERSITY (University with Potential for Excellence) Directorate of Distance Education Syllabus for M.A. History (Semester Pattern) (With effect from the academic year 2019-2020 onwards) Regulations, Scheme of Examinations and Syllabus Name of the Program : Master of Arts in History (M.A.) I. About the Department : The Department of History in the Directorate of Distance Education of Madurai Kamaraj University is one of the oldest departments started in 1971. The Department currently offers both UG & PG programs in History. II. Program Overview : The Master of Arts in History program at the Directorate is a conventional program focusing on ancient, medieval, modern and contemporary history, human life, socio-economic and political conditions, foreign relations, war strategies and administration. III.Objectives of the Program : 1. To know the glory of the past. 2. To study the socio-economic and political condition of the nations. 3. To make the students to understand the past history. 4. To facilitate the students for getting job opportunities. 5. Students are expected to advance in knowledge thereby contributing the society through the application of their academic training. IV.Program Target Group : The program is offered to the students of rural, semi-urban and urban background who aspire to acquire knowledge in the respective fields but could not continue the education through regular mode owing to various constraints. The Program may be structured in a way to attract the aspirants of Union Public Service Commission Examinations and State Public Service Commission Examinations.
    [Show full text]
  • India's Sri Lanka Policy
    APRIL 2008 IPCS Research Papers IInnddiiaa ’’ss SSrrii LLaannkkaa PPoolliiccyy Towards Economic Engagement BBrriiaann Orllaanndd IInnssttiittuuttee ooff PPeeaaccee aanndd CCoonnflliicctt SSttuuddiieess NNeww DDeellhh1 ii,, IINNDDIIAA @ 2008, Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies (IPCS) The Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies is not responsible for the facts, views or opinion expressed by the author. The Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies (IPCS), established in August 1996, is an independent think tank devoted to research on peace and security from a South Asian perspective. Its aim is to develop a comprehensive and alternative framework for peace and security in the region catering to the changing demands of national, regional and global security. Address: B 7/3 Lower Ground Floor Safdarjung Enclave New Delhi 110029 INDIA Tel: 91-11-4100 1900, 4165 2556, 4165 2557, 4165 2558, 4165 2559 Fax: (91-11) 4165 2560 Email: [email protected] Web: www.ipcs.org CONTENTS Executive Summary............................................................................................................. 4 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 3 India’s Strategic Interests in Sri Lanka............................................................................... 6 India’s Sri Lanka Policy: An Assessment............................................................................ 9 The Road Ahead.................................................................................................................22
    [Show full text]
  • Social Inequality and Class Consciousness in the Canadian Sikh Diaspora Harmeet S
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Scholarship@Western Western University Scholarship@Western MA Research Paper Sociology Department October 2016 Beyond the Land of Five Rivers: Social Inequality and Class Consciousness in the Canadian Sikh Diaspora Harmeet S. Sandhu [email protected], [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/sociology_masrp Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Sandhu, Harmeet S., "Beyond the Land of Five Rivers: Social Inequality and Class Consciousness in the Canadian Sikh Diaspora" (2016). MA Research Paper. 9. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/sociology_masrp/9 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology Department at Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in MA Research Paper by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. BEYOND THE LAND OF FIVE RIVERS: SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE CANADIAN SIKH DIASPORA by Harmeet Singh Sandhu A research paper accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Sociology The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada Supervisor: Dr. Anton Allahar 2016 ABSTRACT Romanticized visions of Khalistan became emotively embedded in the hearts and minds of Sikh-Canadians following the execution of Operation Blue Star. Today, insurgents residing within the contested homeland continue to draw support from Sikh immigrants and their Canadian-born descendants. Perplexingly, while a sizable proportion of second and third-generation Sikh youth advocate for the creation of the theocratic state of Khalistan, many selectively disregard the righteous way of life envisioned by the founders of the Khalsa Panth.
    [Show full text]
  • Greater Bangladesh
    Annexure 3 Plan to Create Greater Bangla Desh including Assam in it Greater Bangladesh From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Greater Bangladesh (translated variously as Bengali : , Brihat Bangladesh ;[1] Bengali : Brihad Bangladesh ;[2] Bengali : , Maha Bangladesh ;[3] and Bengali : , Bishal Bangla [4] ) is a political theory circulated by a number of Indian politicians and writers that People's Republic of Bangladesh is trying for the territorial expansion to include the Indian states of West Bengal , Assam and others in northeastern India. [5] The theory is principally based on fact that a large number of Bangladeshi illegal immigrants reside in Indian territory. [6] Contents [hide ] 1 History o 1.1 United Bengal o 1.2 Militant organizations 2 Illegal immigration o 2.1 Lebensraum theory o 2.2 Nellie massacre o 2.3 The Sinha Report 3 References [edit ]History The ethno-linguistic region of Bengal encompasses the territory of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal , as well as parts of Assam and Tripura . During the rule of the Hindu Sena dynasty in Bengal the notion of a Greater Bangladesh first emerged with the idea of uniting Bengali-speaking people in the areas now known as Orissa , Bihar and Indian North East (Assam, Tripura, and Meghalaya ) along with the Bengal .[7] These areas formed the Bengal Presidency , a province of British India formed in 1765, though Assam including Meghalaya and Sylhet District was severed from the Presidency in 1874, which became the Province of Assam together with Lushai Hills in 1912. This province was partitioned in 1947 into Hindu -majority West Bengal and Muslim - majority East Bengal (now Bangladesh) to facilitate the creation of the separate Muslim state of Pakistan , of which East Bengal became a province.
    [Show full text]
  • The Creation of Indian Integrated Commands
    Draft for FLASCO-ISA Conference: NOT FOR CITATION Defense Reforms in a Rising India: An Organizational and Normative Shift towards Power Projection?1 Dr. Patrick Keo Clifton Bratton Hawai‘i Pacific University For the past decade, pundits and commentators have showcased India as another rising Asian power like China. India’s growing economy, larger international profile, and particularly its increased military spending, are seen as proof of India rising from being a regional power to perhaps a new Asian or even global power. Will India correspondingly move its military posture away from internal security and territorial defense, to emphasize power projection? Many commentators have pointed to India’s large military purchases as evidence that India is moving toward power projection and rivalry with China. Whether this is really happening is hotly debated in India. This paper will look at the debate over defense and security reform in India and the establishment of India’s first joint theatre command (for the Andaman and Nicobar Islands) as a test case. India took an unprecedented step ten years ago by setting up a joint regional command for the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The establishment of the Andaman and Nicobar Command (ANC) was perceived as evidence that India is starting to balance against a larger China by reforming its defence organization (Posen, The Sources of Military Doctrine; Rynning, Changing Military Doctrine). Although the ANC is a strategic location, India has historically avoided building up forces there and it has resisted building up power projection capabilities. Moreover, India has been reluctant to build jointness and joint operational commands, even though India’s development of hard power capabilities are receiving increased attention.
    [Show full text]