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Heritage Inventory 364 Tikitiki

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Heritage Inventory 364 Tikitiki Built Heritage Inventory Tikitiki (Dwelling) Register Item Number: 364 Building Type: Residential Commercial Industrial Recreation Institutional Agriculture Other Significance: Archaeological Architectural Historic Scientific Technological Location: 14 Wikitoria Road, Putiki, Heritage NZ Pouhere Taonga Cultural Whanganui List Number: Thematic Context Physical Description: This two storied timber framed house has a ‘T’ form and Early Settlement with steeply pitched gabled roofs, characteristic of the Carpenter Gothic style. Residential Unusually there are simple finials and no decorative bargeboards. The house has a dormer on the south and north sides of the main roof, and, probable, later Industry additions have introduced a lean-to roofed east back entry and a shallow Agricultural pitched hipped roofed front entry in the north internal corner. A verandah wraps Commerce around the west and north elevations of the house which has fretwork brackets Transport and simple posts. The west gable wall has a facetted bay window on the Civic/Admin ground floor and a single window with hood above it. The south wall has several Health windows, each with a hood over. Education Religion Other known names: Recreation Current Use: House Community Former Uses: House Memorials Heritage Status: District Plan Class: Class A Military Architectural Style: Carpenter Gothic Date of Construction: 1867-68 Tikitiki zxy357 Built Heritage Inventory Materials: painted timber shiplap and rusticated weatherboards, cornerboards and joinery, corrugated steel roofing, brick chimney Registered owner: Legal Description: LOT 2 DP 14518 History: A glimpse into the complex history of Tikitiki, is outlined in the conference paper ‘European Fruit: “Tikitiki” – A Treaty Signatory’s House’, by Mark Southcombe and Wendy Pettigrew. This paper was presented at the 22nd Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians, Australia & New Zealand, in 2005.1 Other sources used, or where the Southcombe & Pettigrew source has been revisited for this study, are referenced in the footnotes. Tikitiki was built in 1867-68 for Hori Kerei Paipai, and it remained in the ownership of this family until 1934. It is noted as one of the oldest houses in Putiki - and its name (‘Tikitiki’) was identified in the obituary of his daughter, Harete (Charlotte) Forsythe, who died in 1922.2 Following the land purchase at Whanganui in 1848, the colonial government was keen to see an improvement in the living conditions for Maori at Putiki. In July 1849, Donald McLean, the Inspector of Police, wrote to the Colonial Secretary advising that he had employed a surveyor, Mr (Robert) Park, to lay out a “Native Village at Putiki.” He stated that with one or two exceptions, the Putiki people had “willingly acceded to the breaking down of large portions of their fortified pa to make way for wide healthy streets, instead of the muddy contracted cross paths they hitherto used.” McLean then described one new house built of “native materials by George King” (Hori Kingi Te Anaua), the chief of Putiki, and advised that four similar houses were in the course of construction on the new town allotments. He added that: “It is quite pleasing to witness the burning down by some of the Natives of some of their filthy old huts which generated so much disease, and to witness the preparations making to replace those huts by comfortable buildings constructed in the style of neat verandah cottages.”3 1 Mark Southcombe & Wendy Pettigrew, ‘European Fruit: “Tikitiki” – A Treaty Signatory’s House’, in Andrew Leach & Gill Matthewson (eds.), Celebration: XXII Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians, Australia & New Zealand, Napier, New Zealand, 24-27 September 2005. http://www.sahanz.net/conferences/index.html 2 Southcombe & Pettigrew: citing Harete’s obituary in the Wanganui Chronicle, 27 May 1922. 3 NZ Spectator & Cook’s Strait Guardian, 11 August 1849, p. 4 Tikitiki zxy357 Built Heritage Inventory By 1850, there were 700 Europeans living in Whanganui, although 300 of them were soldiers. Subsequent years saw considerable turmoil in the region due to the King movement and the Pai Marire (Hauhau) movement. The Putiki people cast their lot with Whanganui’s European population, with notable battles against their up-river relatives occurring in 1864 (the Battle of Moutoa) and 1865 (the battle at Ohoutahi). Hori Kerei Paipai was born in 1926 and it is thought that he probably took his baptismal name (George Grey translates to Hori Kerei) after George Grey, who was then in his first term as Governor of New Zealand, and who attended a hui involving all the local chiefs at Wanganui in 1946. His father had selected the baptismal name of Kawana Pitiroi (‘Governor Fitzroy’) Paipai, indicating that he was probably baptised in 1843 in Rev. Richard Taylor’s first year at Whanganui, and around the time Governor Fitzroy took office. In April 1865, Hori Kerei accompanied Sir George Grey (now knighted and in his second Governorship) to Hawkes Bay on the H.M.S.S. Esk, to attend a meeting of Maori chiefs at the Napier Council Chambers. Not many chiefs were present and the meeting lasted only about 30 minutes, but they were very impressed by: “Hori Kerei, a young chief from Wanganui, (who) accompanied His Excellency, and gave the few natives who were in town a full account of the defeat of the Hau hau natives at Wanganui, to which they listened with great attention. Hori Kerei distinguished himself upon the occasion referred to.”4 Hori Kerei was appointed Native Orderly to Sir George Grey in April 1865, with a payment of 7s per diem. His services in due course were “dispensed with” on 4 February 1867, by which time his pay had increased to 7s 6d per diem.5 This was twelve months before Sir George Grey ceased to be Governor.6 4 Hawkes Bay Herald, 11 April 1865, reprinted in the NZ Spectator & Cook’s Strait Guardian, 19 April 1865, p. 2. Note that Hori Kerei is probably also referred to in this article as “Major Grey”, aide-de-camp to Sir George Grey. 5 Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives (AJHR), 1865 D-No. 14, p. 1; and 1868 D-No. 8, p. 3 6 Keith Sinclair, ‘George Grey, 1812-1898’ in The Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, Vol. 1, 1769-1869 (Wellington, 1990), p. 161 Tikitiki zxy357 Built Heritage Inventory In January and July 1867, Hori Kerei appeared in the Native Land Court to claim Ngongohau and other sections in the Putiki Native Reserve. However, his claim was adjourned twice for want of a better survey.7 Tikitiki is believed to have been built in 1867 after Hori Kerei returned from working for Sir George Grey. Certainly Mr and Mrs Hori Grey and Miss C. Grey arrived at Whanganui from Wellington, aboard the SS Wanganui, on 30th November 1867 – meanwhile on the same day Governor Grey left Wellington aboard the SS Sturt for his private residence on Kawau Island.8 The house was duly built on the section then known as ‘Ngongohau No. 1, at Putikiwharanui’. Possibly the house is the subject of an advertisement published in the Wanganui Herald in December 1867 that reads: “To Carpenters. Tenders will be received by the undersigned, up to Saturday, the 21st inst., for the erection of a cottage at Putiki. For further particulars, apply to Edwin Woon, Licenced Interpreter, December 7, 1867.”9 Certainly, the house is the one referred to soon afterwards, in an advertisement in the Wanganui Chronicle that ran daily over two months: “To be Let. For one or seven years. That commodious newly-erected two story Dwelling-house, situate (sic) at Putiki, the property of Hori Kerei, together with one acre of ground securely fenced. The house contains eight large rooms, lined with wood and papered throughout. There are four fire-places (two upstairs), fitted with grates, &c,; and having every other convenience, it is a most desirable family residence. The situation is healthy, and within easy distance of town. For terms, apply to G.W. Woon, Native Lands Agent, March 16, 1868.”10 Southcombe & Pettigrew state that Tikitiki was one of three houses built at Putiki at around the same time, and these houses appear in an early photograph along with the newly completed Putiki mission house, which in turn was completed by 7 Southcombe & Pettigrew, citing: Aotea Maori Land Court Minute Books: Wh1, 24 January 1867, pp. 143- 147 and Wh1A, 23 July 1867, pp. 32-41 8 Wanganui Herald, 30 November 1867, p. 2 (cols 1-2) 9 eg. Wanganui Herald, 7 December 1867, p. 3 10 eg. Wanganui Herald, 18 April 1868, p. 3. However, the advert continued to be run until at least the end of May 1968. Tikitiki zxy357 Built Heritage Inventory December 1870.11 One of these other houses was ‘Matapihi’, which was built for Paetahi Metekingi MP, in 1868, and the other for Hakaraia Korako, brother-in- law of Major Kemp. Both of these houses remain, but their upper floors have been removed and they have been substantially remodelled. Another new house traced during this study (perhaps one of the aforementioned other two houses) was built shortly after Tikitiki will have been completed. Tenders were called to build it at Putiki in April 1868, with the contact being Aperaniko (probably a local “native constable” of that name, who was wounded at Moutoa), care of Edwin Woon.12 The completed Tikitiki consisted of four main rooms on each floor, linked by a central hallway on the lower floor and a central lobby space upstairs. These were supplemented by lean-tos’ over the front entry and stair, over the washhouse and rear entry, and by a verandah to the north of the lounge.13 The house’s original piles were large diameter totara tree trunks, which supported flat 6”x4” bearers, 6”x2” joists and wide tongue & groove kauri floors.
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