Wai 903, #A29 FINALDRAFf IOFFICIAL I

Whanganui Waterways Scoping Report ( .) A Report for the Waitangi Tribunal

, \

Tui Gilling November 2001 .\ . FINAL DRAFT

1. Introduction

My name is Tui Gilling and I am of Te Whanau a Apanui descent. I have been working as a contract researcher in the treaty settlement area for the past two years. In addition to historical research, I also provide treaty policy advice to government departments.

I graduated from Otago University with a BA in 1989 and a Postgraduate Diploma in New Zealand History in 1990. Over the past ten years I have worked for a variety of organisations including the Maori Affairs and Planning and Development Select Committees and as a Policy Analyst for the Ministry for the Environment. I have also ( worked in the area of environmental management in the United Kingdom.

The author would like to thank Ralph Johnson from the Waitangi Tribunal for his assistance with this project and David Young for the sharing of his knowledge of the Whanganui area.

.. ' , ., 2. Purpose of this report

In August 2001, the Waitangi Tribunal commissioned a scoping report on Whanganui inland waterways and groundwater issues. The purpose of this report is to explore:

( i

(a) The legislative measures, acts, omissions, practices and policies of the Crown that may have affected the Maori ownership, control and use of Whanganui waterways from 1840 to the present;

(b) The legislative measures, acts, omissions, practices and policies of the Crown that may have affected the Maori ownership, control and use of Whanganui groundwater;

(c) Any appeals and protests by Whanganui Maori against the acts and omissions of the Crown with respect to Whanganui waterways and groundwater.

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3. Structure of this report

The commission is to provide:

(a) A brief overview history and statement of issues;

(b) Identification of all relevant source materials;

(c) Identification of the extent and form of any further research that may be required.

There was also a specific requirement to liaise with Wai 671 claimants.!

Sections 1-4 form the background to this report and include the methodology and additional archival sources. Section 5 provides a description of the Whanganui inquiry district and the waterways contained in the area. Section 6 and 7 outline customary ownership and rights associated with waterways in the Whanganui inquiry district and a brief overview of the legal framework in New Zealand in relation to waterway ownership, use and management. Sections 8-10 discuss Treaty of Waitangi issues and Whanganui Maori claims to waterways. Sections 11 and 12 contain the conclusion and a list of suggested research topics on Whanganui waterways. Appendices 1-4 contain a list of additional archival sources found during the course of this contract. Maps outlining significant waterways in the Whanganui inquiry district are also. provided ..

4. Methodology

For the purposes of this report, a range of published and unpublished sources were consulted, including visits to Archives New Zealand in Wellington and the Waitangi Tribunal.

I Direction Commissioning Research, Document 3.2, Wai 903, Record of Documents, Waitangi Tribunal, Wellington, 28 August 2001

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An informal meeting was held with the claimant for Wai 671 Te Kenehi Mair on behalf of the hapu of Tupoho Whanganui in Wanganui on 13 September 2001. Discussions by telephone and in person were also held with technical and archival staff at the Wanganui District Council and the Manawatu Wanganui Regional Council (Horizons.MW) located in Palmerston North. A visit to the Whanganui Regional Museum was also undertaken.

Progress on the identification of issues was constrained by the tight time frame of six weeks;;and difficulty in locating all relevant sources, particularly after the restructure of local government in the late 1980s. The breadth of issues that required coverage has also meant that some issues may not have been addressed in great depth. This report therefore ( . provides a snapshot of general issues relating to Whanganui waterways that may have impacted on Whanganui Maori.

Although this commission specifically excluded issues contained in The Whanganui River Report, it was difficult to completely exclude the river because of its significance and its interconnection with other Whanganui waterways. However, this report does not seek to identify any Treaty of Waitangi issues in relation to the Whanganui River as this is being considered separately.

A further difficulty was the division of this report into separate waterways and in divorcing them from the surrounding land. In this regard this approach cannot be ( regarded as a completely holistic one; rather it was undertaken to keep the report in a manageable form.

It should be noted that waterways referred to this report consist of rivers and streams, lakes and dune lakes, wetlands (swamps) and catchment areas in general. Catchment areas in this context are defined as being wetlands, rivers, streams and lakes that are interconnected.

Any misinterpretations in or omissions from this report are mine alone.

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4.1 Additional Archival Sources

Relevant archival sources located at Archives New Zealand are contained in Appendix One. Horizons.MW and Wanganui District Council also provided additional archival material that is included in Appendix Two and Three.

It is difficult to appraise the usefulness of these files without reviewing them in their entirety. Some files such as those provided by Horizons.MW contain broad water headings that could contain administrative and technical matters' and as such, may be of limited benefit: Similarly, some Wanganui District Council files may be of only moderate use as they contain information such as contract tenders and planning information. As these files are only located in Wanganui and Palmerston North, further research will need to include visits to these locations.

The Wanganui Inquiry district includes the Waiouru military camp and defence area. Defence department files may also be of use but were not reviewed. The lists provided therefore should not be viewed as a complete list of all relevant sources.

5. Description of Whanganui inquiry district and waterways

( " The proposed Whanganui inquiry district comprisess0me 1.3,million acre,s along and north of the Whanganui River. It includes the catchment area,oftheriver:,and its major tributaries as well as some open plains to the north and east. The boundary of the inquiry district stretches from the coast at the Okehu Stream to the Whanganui River and then east to the Kaimanawa Range via Mount Ruapehu. The boundary then extends to Waiouru down the Waiouru Stream and Mangapapa River, rejoining the Whangaehu River at Mangamahu.

An early geographical description of the Whanganui area by Percy Smith suggests that at the time of the first settlement of the district by Europeans, the district was:

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... almost entirely forest-clad, with the exception of a strip along the coast some three to four miles wide, and parts of the open plains of Okahukura lying on the western slopes of Ruapehu mountain. It is, moreover, a very broken country with deep gorges, in the bottom of which flow the streams all more or less discoloured by the papa rocks of which nearly all this country is formed. The beautiful Whanganui river flows through the centre of this district, and formed a highway available for canoes for some 170 miles from the mouth. 2

The Whanganui district includes numerous rivers and streams, the most significant in terms ·of size and history being the Whanganui River. The Whanganui River is the (

,'.~, second largest river in the North Island and the third longest in New Zealand, draining a catchment area of approximately 7,OOOkm. Regarded as a taonga by Whanganui Maori, the river lies at the centre of New Zealand's only river national park. There are also a number of smaller rivers within the district including the Whangaehu River that forms the outlet river for the Mount Ruapehu crater lake, the Mangawhero, Whakapapa and Manganui-a-te-ao, Mangapapa, Retaruke, Mangaturuturu and Ohura Rivers.

The Whangaehu River has its source on the eastern side of Ruapehu's crater lake and it is particularly vulnerable to any activity on the mountain, with lahars (mudflows) occurring fairly frequently in the upper reaches. Prior to a lahar in 1861, the water of the Whangaehu was reputed to be perfectly clear and settlers reported that they could always ( catch more eels than required. After 1861, there was no longer an abundance of fish and the 1895 eruption of Mount Ruapehu turned the river into a 'mere sludge stream'. Early surveyors and geologists left records and maps of their expeditions to the Whangaehu River, including one visitor who remarked that the water was very discoloured and had the distinct smell of sulphur. Early settlers recommended bathing in the river as a cure for rheumatism and a sulphur spring is located in the Te Po hue Valley (Ruakiwi). On December 241953, ice, ash, boulders and debris from the crater lake swept down the

2 S Percy Smith, Maoris of the West Coast prior to 1840, Christchurch, Kiwi Publishers, Reprint 1999, p . 152

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Whangaehu River into the pylons of the Tangiwai railway bridge. The bridge collapsed, causing the night express train from Wellington to plunge into the flooded river, killing more than 150 people.3

In 1989 the Manganui-a-,.te-ao River had a water conservation order granted over significant reaches of it to protect its natural character, scenic values, wildlife and fisheries, including the rare Blue Duck and trout fishing.4

The inquiry district also contains a number oflakes located in the vicinity of Wanganui, including Lake Virginia, Kaitoke Lake, Coe's Hole,Lake Kohata, Lake Wiritoa, Lake / Pauri, Lake Westmere, Lake Marahau and LakeWaikato. The western coastline contained a string of dune lakes approximately 150 years ago including Lakes Virginia, Pauri and Wiritoa. Some of these lakes are particularly significant to tangata whenua for catching tuna (eel).5

A number of wetland (swamp) areas can also be found in the district including the Whangaehu River Mouth Dune Hollows, which have been identified as a significant wetland by the Department of Conservation. Wanganuialso contained a number of wetland areas including the Balgownie Swamp that was reclaimed by the county council following World War Two and turned into a dump.6

The west of the Whanganui district is adequately provided for inrainfall,'particularly in the upper Whanganui catchment. Typical of the western catchments: are 'the flood flows that have become a greater problem since deforestation. The area was once covered in

3 Margaret H Campion, The Road to Mangamahu: A history of the Whangaehu River Valley from Reid's Hill to Mt View, Wanganui, Wanganui Newspapers Ltd, 1988, pp 9-10 4 Horizons.MW, Measures ofa changing landscape: State of the Environment Report Manawatu­ Wanganui Region 1999, Horizons.MW, p 3; Ministry for the Environment, The State of New Zealand's Environment, Wellington, GP Publications, 1997, p 7.83 5 Horizons.MW, p 6 6 Ministry for the Environment, The State of New Zealand's Environment, pp 7.84-7.86; D Young, Historiesfrom the Whanganui River: Woven by Water, Wellington, Huia Publishers, 1998, pi

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6. Customary interests in Whanganui waterways

Numerous hapu inhabited the Whanganui River and were descendants of the ancestor Haunui a Paparangi from the Aotea waka. Traditionally the loose and sometimes fractious confederation of hapu known as Te Atihaunui a Paparangi (Te Atihau) controlled the Whanganui. These include Ngati Paerangi, Ngati Pamoana, Ngati Poutama and Ngati Hau in the lower Whanganui River. The lower to mid reaches contain Ngati Tupoho, Ngati Tuera, Ngati Hineoneone, Ngati Kura, Ngati Ruaka and ( Ngati Rangi interests. The upper reaches include Ngati Haua and Ngati Hikaia. The hapu of Te Atihaunui a Paparangi would come together when hapu interests were at risk, while on other occasions they would fight each other. 8

According to S Percy Smith, the Whanganui hapu were bordered on the west by Nga Rauru, Ngati Maru and Ngati Tama and to the north by Ngati Maniapoto and Ngati Tuwharetoa. In the east at the base of Ruapehu the main tribal interests were Ngati Whiti, Ngati Tamakopiri and towards the east by Ngati Apa. The boundary between the Whanganui tribes and Ngati Apa was somewhere in the vicinity of the Whangaehu River.~, Young notes that Ngati Tuwharetoa was permitted by Te Atihaunui to use the ./ Whan~.anui River as a corridor to the sea fishery. There were also suggestions that Ngati \

Tuwh~etoa traditionally ventured down the river not as guests but to raid the tribes of its lower reaches. to

Nga Rauru shared a troubled boundary with the hapu of the Whanganui River, while Ngati Apa to the south and east held mana whenua right up to the river's eastern bank, perhaps as far as Lake Rotoaira. By the time of the arrival of the first Europeans, Ngati

7 Horizons.MW, p 3 8 Young, p 16. See also Angela Ballara,lwi: The dynamics of Maori tribal organisation from c.1769 to c.1945, Wellington, Victoria University Press, 1998, p 78 9 S Percy Smith, pp 150-152

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Apa no longer enjoyed the same direct access to the river as they once had, although intermarriage assured some continuity. Ngati Apa's power is reflected in Whanganui River mythology by the taniwha Tutaeporoporo, a shark raised in a pool in the Rangitikei, eventually travelling to the Whanganui River where it was brought to heel by Te Aokehu, a Nga Rauru rangatira. This intertwining makes it difficult to separate either 1 N gati Apa or N ga Rauru from the lower Whanganui people. 1 N gati Patutokot?ko is based on the Manganui-a-te-ao River.

7 .... Ownership, use, management and control of waterways

) This section considers concepts of customary ownership and use of inland waterways. It also addresses Crown and riparian concepts of ownership, use; management and control of inland waterways in New Zealand. Inrelation to the latter, this section should be viewed as a brief historical overview of legal aspects relating to waterways.

This section highlights that Maori had their own set of rules and customs relating to waterways and it also emphasises the legal complexity that has developed surrounding the ownership, use and management of waterways in New Zealand.

7.1 Customary ownership and use of inland waterways

Maori have their own body of rules relating to the ownership and management of waterways. Alan Ward notes that the physical and metaphysical aspects of waterways in the Maori world-view are inseparable which gives rise to the status of waterways as a taonga. For Maori this means that waterways are the physical embodiment of atua. The Maori view of ownership is that the river carries its own mauri or life force and it is guarded by taniwha who inhabit it. I2 In the Whanganui River inquiry, Te Atihaunui submitted that the Whanganui River was regarded as a taonga, having a temporal and spiritual connection to the claimants. They regarded the river as essential to their

\0 Young, p 16 11 Young, pp 16-17 12 Ibid. See also Waitangi Tribunal, Te Ika Whenua Rivers Report, Wai 212, Wellington, GP Publications, 1998, pp 84, 94

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identity, culture and spiritual well being and in a historical context Te Atihaunui had

asserted rangatiratanga and control over it. 13

According to the Waitangi Tribunal's Te Ika Whenua Rivers Report, surface water and ground water are incapable of 'being owned' , rather there were certain rights to use 14 natural water and certain rights and obligations in respect of its flOW. To Maori, rivers were passageways for shoals of tuna, lampreys, smelt and inanga. At the time of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, massive eel and lamprey weirs stood along the banks of rivers at the outlets of lakes and swamps and at the conjunctions of side steams and seabound waterways. Traps and baskets held eels, lampreys, kokopu (giant whitebait), and koaro (mountain trout). Tuna was dried on racks and smelts and inanga dried on ( rock pavements. Bartering of lake koaro was undertaken with coastal tribes. 15 The Whanganui River provided a plentiful supply of food, supporting 18 kinds of native freshwater fish and other species such as freshwater crayfish and mussels. Resource conservation was stressed. 16 Pond notes however that the Whangaehu River is frequently contaminated by volcanic acids and has a sparse fish fauna. 17

According to Ben White, it is likely that iwi considered land and water to be parts of a whole, with the rights in each being to a large extent coterminous rather than separate as has been the approach by the Crown. 18

7.2 Cr:own ownership and riparian rights of rivers (

In relation to the ownership and control of rivers and their beds, a mixture of common law and statute exists.

13 Waitangi Tribunal, The Whanganui River Report, GP Publications, Wellington, 1999, p 23 14 Waitangi Tribunal, Te Ika Whenua Rivers Report, p 83 15 Wendy Pond, The Land with aLL Woods and Water, Rangahaua Whanui National Theme D, Waitangi Tribunal, Rangahaua Whanui series, First Release, June 1997, p 79 16Waitangi Tribunal, The Whanganui River Report, p 59 17 Pond, p 85 18 Ben White, Inland Waterways:Lakes, Rangahaua Whanui National Theme Q, Waitangi Tribunal, Rangahaua Whanui series, First Release, March 1998, vii

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A legal distinction is made between those parts of the river that are navigable, those that are tidal and those that are non-navigable. Two sets of rights exist, that is riparian rights (landowners rights to adjacent waterways) ad medium filum aquae (to the mid-line) and those viewed as an extension of the Crown's prerogative rights in relation to the sea. The rights of the Crown only extend to the point that the river is tidal and beyond this it enjoys only the rights of the general public to fish. Above the point in a river where the tide ceases to ebb and flow, ownership of the bed is divided between the adjacent riparian landowners ad medium filum aquae. Therefore at common law, the beds of the rivers are privately owned but subject to the public's fishing and navigation rights. Unless excluded, the conveyance of riparian lands includes the riverbed. 19

Section 14 of the Coal Mines Amendment Act 1903 vested the beds of navigable rivers in the Crown. According to Ward, Crown and settlers assumed that ownership of non­ navigable streams at least transferred to the purchasers of the adjacent land according to common law principles. To that extent payment for land was intended to include water and this was not understood or accepted by Maori when they sold the land. Compensation therefore was not paid for loss of rights to navigable waters.20

7.3 Riparian ownership of lakes

White notes that a distinction has always been made at common law between the ownership of the bed of a lake and its waters. He records that the Crown has on numerous occasions argued that the ownership of a bed of the lake was a concept foreign to Maori customary law and that consequently lakes were incapable of being owned by Maori. Where a lake is situated within a single block of land, at common law the ownership of the lake bed resides with the owner of the surrounding land. 21

The Crown has dealt with the concept of ownership of lakes in an adhoc manner. The Crown has strenuously denied Maori ownership of lakes and negotiated settlements such

19 Ward, p 349 20 Ward, pp 348, 353

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as that with Te Arawa in 1922 were given effect in statute. Although the Crown has been reluctant to accept that the beds of navigable lakes could be customary Maori land, the Crown has taken a different approach by revesting the bed of Lake Taupo in Ngati Tuwharetoa in 1992.22

7.4 Water rights

In legal terms, water is regarded as a common property resource like air and therefore it cannot;'.be vested in owners. According to the doctrine of riparian rights, riparian landowners can take and discharge water in accordance with their own needs. Water is subject to provisions under the Resource Management Act 1991 (the RMA). Water takes ( are permitted under section 14(3) of the RMA, if they are for domestic needs or for animals, and as long as there is no adverse environmental effect. Water rights can also be extended to include the issue of the ownership and use of bore or spring water that is bottled and sold to consumers.

7.5 Ownership and control of wetlands (swamps)

White notes that title to any land acquired by settlers carried with it exclusive rights to wetlands (swamps). There were competing interests between Maori and settlers who wished to retain their customary right to access traditional fishing grounds while settlers wantedto drain wetland areas in order that their farms were not subjected to flooding ,(

every:twinter. Drainage also destroyed important fisheries habitat. 23

21 White, pp 2-3 22 Norman F Smith, Richard Boast, Andrew Erueti, Doug McPhail, Maori Land Law, Wellington, Butterworths, 1999, p 92 23 White, pp 9-10

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8. Whanganui waterways claims

Two claims mentioning Whanganui waterways have been lodged at the Waitangi Tribunal. Wai 671 was lodged on 1 April 1997 by Te Kenehi Robert Mair on behalf of the Tupoho hapu of Whanganui and relates to groundwater rights in the Whanganui area. Central to Tupoho's claim is the notion that groundwater is a taonga protected by Article 2 of the Treaty of Waitangi. According to the claimants, their hapu was guaranteed ownership of and rangatiratanga over the groundwater resource. They claim that ownership was not dependent on title· to the surface land, being based rather on a separate Treaty guarantee. The claimants also assert that ownership of the groundwater is an exclusive right to utilise the resource or to consent to its utilisation by others.

The claimants state that the Crown and its agents have failed to recognise and protect the ownership of the hapu of Tupoho and to control and manage the groundwater resource according to their own priorities. Tupoho also claim that by delegating to the District Council the power to grant resource consents and regulate the resource it has effectively breached the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi.

Ken Mair noted during discussions on 13 September 2001 that Tupoho's claim arose from the potential to commercialise and privatise the groundwater resource by local

authorities and private companies, for example the mineral water company H20, which

I, operates in the Whanganui area. The claimant's primary concern related to protecting access rights and the well being of the water that Tupoho regardasataonga. Tupoho should be involved in deciding how the resource is utilised and in fulfilling treaty obligations, Tupoho should be involved in any management of the resource itself.

In relation to the consent process under the RMA, Ken Mair noted during discussions that the consents for ground water were notified and this process provides for input from tangata whenua however, they were not consulted as a matter of course prior to the consent process. He requested that there is a need for this to be undertaken, as it is a treaty obligation.

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One other claim, Wai 151 lodged on by RMK Gray (Ngati Rangi) mentions waterways. This claim is over lands from Waiouru to Ohakune and waterways are included but only in generic terms. Other claims do not specify waterways but they may be included in land alienations.

9. Discussion of Treaty of Waitangi issues and Whanganui waterways

The following section considers Treaty of Waitangi issues relating to Whanganui waternrays given the context set by the previous sections. ( In general terms, it is difficult to separate waterways from lands and land use activities, as many human activities either directly or indirectly have an effect on waterways. This includes for example point source pollution (such as industrial discharge) and non point source pollution (such as agricultural runoff) both of which have a detrimental effect on water quality and flora and fauna and thus impact on the ability of tangata whenua to exercise their customary fishery rights.

This highlights the issue of whether waterways can be considered in isolation or as connected to the surrounding land. Moreover, waterways are also interconnected, for example rivers are fed by streams and lakes and vice versa, thus any activity that impacts on on~;'waterway may have a detrimental effect on another ,( .'/.7.:.

9.1 Waterway ownership, use, control and management

Section 8 outlines the customary ownership and legal framework in relation to New Zealand waterways. It raises a number of issues in relation to Whanganui waterways that need further consideration. These include for example identification of rivers in the Whanganui inquiry district that were considered navigable and if compensation was paid to Maori landowners when their land and adjacent waterways were sold. There is also the question of the status of dune lakes and whether they are considered as being Crown

14 FINALDRAFf owned (if they occupy the coastal marine area) or if they are owned by riparian landowners. This leads to the broader question of how customary rights were affected by the loss of rights and access to traditional waterways.

9.2 Groundwater

Groundwater provides about 80 percent of the drinking water for Wanganui City and is less vulnerable to contamination than surface water. In general in the Manawatu­ W.anganui area, there has been a decline in· ground water levels from aquifer depletion as a result of excessive irrigation or artesian water.flowing from uncontrolled bores. There has also been a decline of groundwater quality resulting from natural hydrological processes (such as iron and manganese exceeding drinking water standards) or guidelines in some part of the region as well as human impacts. Horizons.MW estimates that the number of permits and quantity of groundwater is increasing and now exceeds takes of surface water. Most of the deep confined ground waters in the Wanganui district meet the drinking water standards.24

The Tupoho hapu's claim specifically addresses the commercialisation and privatisation of the groundwater resource. It would appear from information provided by Horizons.MW that the resource is becoming depleted due to an increase in the number of consents for bore water and from certain agricultural practices. Tupoho's claim is that they have the exclusive right to the groundwater under the Treaty of Waita!lgi and therefore they are responsible for giving its consent for use, such as in the bottling of water for sale. This also raises the issue of royalties payable to the hapu from any profits obtained from the sale of the resource.

9.3 Wastewater and water quality

The Whanganui River Report considered in detail the sewage discharge by the Wanganui District Council into the Whanganui River. The possible discharge of wastewater and its

24 Horizons.MW, pp 59, 62

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effect on water quality and traditional fisheries in other Whanganui waterways needs further investigation.25

9.4 Gravel extraction

Gravel extraction is undertaken in the channel of the Whangaehu River and is used for

:.~ .' . construction and roading purposes. Gravel is mostly mined from rivers for use in local projects but sites did not always coincide with those locations most suited to sustainable

extraqt,~on of gravel. During the six year period from 1992 to 1998, the extraction of gravel from the Whangaehu catchment peaked in 1993 with an estimated 22925 cubic metres but by 1998 this had fallen to 2404 cubic metres. Horizons.MW has identified ( gravel extraction as being a key factor in riverbed degradation and riverbank erosion.26

Key issues to consider include whether Whanganui Maori were consulted on the extraction of gravel, whether they have been compensated and if the impact of gravel extraction has affected Whanganui Maori's use and access to waterways.

9.S Hydro electric power development

The Tongariro Power Development Project took water from three major catchment areas,

divert~pg the flow to Lake Rotoaira, which served as a storage lake. The water was passed,by tunnel to drive the turbines of the Tokaanu Power Station and from there to ( '-,/. Lake);ttupo and onto the Waikato River. A number of rivers and their tributaries were affected by this development, including the Moawhango, Whangaehu, Mangatepopo, Whakapapa and Whanganui Rivers. 27

The greatest use of surface water in the region is for hydro-electric power generation, with minimum flows protecting the instream values of the Whakapapa and Whanganui

25 Waitangi Tribunal, The Whanganui River Report, pp 323-324 26 Horizons.MW, pp 40-41 27 David Young and Bruce Foster, Faces o/the River, New Zealand's living water, Auckland, TVNZ Publishing, 1986, p 110. See also Waitangi Tribunal, The Whanganui River Report, p 233

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Rivers. The Whakapapa River has been affected by the construction of the Tongariro Power Development, although the minimum flow provisions set by the High Court and effective since September 1992 have afforded some protection. The natural flow of the river however has been changed with higher flows in summer than winter and spring. Extreme flood flows have not been affected by the Tongariro scheme.28

As this issue has been well covered in The Whanganui River Report and subject to a separate set of negotiations with tangata whenua, it has not been identified as requiring additional research. Statements of claim from the Whanganui inquiry district do not identify this as an issue.

9.6 Siting and location of tip sites

Prior to the passing of the RMA there was a lack of controls on the disposal of waste. There was little consideration of the environmental effects from waste disposal with many old tips sited in estaurine areas or on riverbanks. Often these tip sites were poorly managed and there was a lack of control on the acceptance of hazardous wastes. Such sites can have a detrimental effect on waterways from leaching as well as destroying

cultural values. 29

Post World War Two the county council reclaimed the Balgownie Swamp, located in \. Heads Road, Wanganui and turned it into a rubbish dump. Further investigation needs to be undertaken to determine the effects of such activities on groundwater quality and the pollution of other Whanganui waterways.

9.7 Wetlands (swamps)

White notes that essential to the success of colonial New Zealand was the conversion of the landscape to enable large scale agricultural production. Wetlands (swamps) and their

28 Horizons.MW, p 49

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associated waterways rendered lands useless when they could be used for agricultural production. Some swamps were reserved by Pakeha landowners because of the value of the flax that they supported, but generally landowners drained swamps upon their land.

Moreover, only 'productive' land was considered to be compensable. Unlike lake~ and rivers, wetlands were generally not viewed for their scenic values. Legislation such as the Land Drainage Act 1893 provided for the establishment of drainage districts over

which specially constituted boards were empowered to drain large areas of wetland. 3D

Possible issues that arise include: '.~:'.-- , • Consideration of compensation paid to Maori landowners for the drainage of .>~ wetlands; (' • Consultation with tangata whenua by land drainage boards; • Destruction of cultural values; • Denial of use and access to customary wetlands (swamps)

10. Protest

A review of petitions from the Appendices to the Journal of the New Zealand House of Representatives revealed protest over the Whanganui River. This included for example, the petition of Piki Kotuku and 125 others praying for compensation in respect of native rights on the Wanganui River31 and the petition of Titi Tihu and Hikaia Amohia praying that ther.title to the bed of the Wanganui River be vested in nine named Maori tribes.32 ( However, there does not appear to be specific protest over other Whanganui waterways. The issues raised in the petitions on the Whanganui River may also be applicable to other Whanganui waterways however this will require further investigation. Maori Affairs files may also assist in this regard.

29 Ministry for the Environment, The 199811999 National Landfill Census Report, Wellington, Ministry for the Environment, March 2000, p 8 30 White, pp 8-9 31 Petition No 25111927 ofPiki Kotuku and 125 others, Appendices to the Journal of the New Zealand House of Representatives, 1928, 1-3, P 10 32 Petition No 79155 of Titi Tihu and Hikaia Amohia, Appendices to the Journal of the New Zealand House of Representatives, 1980,1-3, P 3

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11. Conclusions

In conclusion, this scoping report reveals a wide range of issues that could have impacted on customary use and access rights of Whanganui Maori. The issues appear to be both historical and contemporary in nature, although the latter appears to be of greater significance.

Water rights partiCUlarly in relation to ground water are an area that has been largely unexplored. Initial discussions indicate that Whanganui Maori regard groundwater as a taonga in a similar light to surface water. The claimants expressed the need to have Maori involved in decision making in the management, use and control of groundwater.

In conclusion, as highlighted throughout the report, it is difficult to separate waterways from lands and land use or from other waterways as land and water can be regarded as inseparable. Therefore it raises the issue of whether waterways can be viewed in isolation or as Maori viewed waterways being intrinsically linked to the beds, banks and waters and the surrounding land.

12. Additional research

\ Listed below· are a number of general areas that could·benefitfrom additional. These include:

• An examination of customary use and access to Whanganui waterways. How were customary rights affected by the loss of rights and access to traditional waterways? The Maori Land Court minutes may assist in this in relation to the alienation of land blocks bordering Whanganui waterways. Oral histories may also be useful and in addition, journals from early settlers;

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• An examination of how Whanganui waterways were alienated. Maori Land Court minutes, land files from the Maori Land Court in Wanganui as well as Maori Affairs files from Archives New Zealand;

• Groundwater issues: particularly relating to how groundwater was regarded by Maori use rights in the Whanganui area and how their rights have been affected by groundwater usage and management. The Wanganui District Council Archives has information on groundwater and bores and oral histories from Whanganui Maori would be beneficial;

• The impact of swamp (wetland) reclamation and local drainage schemes by local ( authorities and how this affected cultural usage. The issue of compensation for Maori owners and consultation of Whanganui Maori on the drainage of swamp (wetland) areas needs further consideration. Horizons.MW have some sources relating to swamp drainage;

• Impact of gravel extraction and how this affected the rangatiratanga of Whanganui Maori. The issue of whether Maori were adequately compensated and consultation with Whanganui Maori needs further investigation. The Wanganui District Council has information on gravel extraction;

• Wastewater and water quality-investigation into the effect on customary usage from (. pollution of Whanganui waterways excluding the Whanganui River;

• Specific issues that may be included in the research identified above or as separate research proposals: • Identification of rivers in the Whanganui inquiry district that were considered navigable and if compensation was paid to Maori landowners when their land and adjacent waterways were sold;

20 FINALDRAFf

• Status of dune lakes and whether they are considered as being Crown owned (if they occupy the coastal marine area) or if they are owned by riparian landowners. And how this affected customary usage and access to dune lakes; • Impact of the Waiourn Military Camp and defence area on inland waterways and how this affected customary usage and access to traditional waterways.

21 FINALDRAFf

Appendix One

Archives New Zealand

( \

22 FINAL DRAFT

Archives New Zealand

Maori Affairs

MA 1190 5/5/296 Part 1 Tongariro Power Development Scheme, Crown Purchase­ Defence Training area (1971-1973) MA 11130 5/131113 Investigation of title to customary land, lake beds and rivers 1938 MA 11341 19/1111 Tongariro Power Project 1964-66 Head Office Policy file MA 100 Royal Commission on claims in respect of the Wanganui River 1950

I " AAMK 869/208a 7/61188 Part 4 Wanganui claim 1958-80 AAMK 869/209a 7/6/188 Part 5 Wanganui claim 1980-84 AAMK 869/652b 19/116 Part 6 Miscellaneous subjects Wanganui 1976-1981 AAMK 869/653b 19/117 Part 7 Miscellaneous subjects Wanganui 1982-1984 AAMK 869/657d 19/1139 Part 1 Wanganui River hydro scheme 1959-65 AAMK 869/1129c 43/1 Parts 3-7 Fishing rights general

ABJZ 869 W4644 Box 267 Iwi Development-Western Region-Ngati Apa 1991 ABJZ 869 W4644/266 96/2/8 Part I-Western Region-Nga Rauru 1992 ABJZ 869 W4644/267 96/3 Part I-Western Region-Whanganui 1989-1990

ABWN 6095 W5021 Box 364 Undersecretary public works department re washing up bill and Taumarunui Borough Council's hydro-electric works 1922-23 ABWN 6095 W50211435 15/244/9 Part 2 [Wellington Land District] Rangitikei­ Wanganui 1976-1984 ABWN 6095 W50211422 15/244/59 Part 1 [Wellington Land District] Water classification Rangitikei-Wanganui Regional Water Board 1975-1975 ABWN 6095 W50211601 22/3367/3 Part 1 Navigable Rivers 1967-1981 ABWN 6095 W5198/3 15/244/9 Rangitikei-Wanganui" Catchment Board 1945-1976

23 FINALDRAFf

ABWN 889 W50211200 92/12/8116 Part 2 Power Schemes-Moawhango Diversion­ Whangaehu Diversion-Land and Legislation 1981-1986 ABWN 7615 W50211864 LAN 12/112 Part 1 Land Allocation: General Policy and Instruction vesting of lake and river beds 1987-1989

Ministry of Works

WI 23/406/8/1 Part No 1: Waiouru Military Camp: Sewerage Treatment Septic Tank 1940..,5A WI 231406/9 Part No 1: Waiouru Military Camp: Water Supply General 1939-1943 WI 53/375 Part No 1 Wanganui County Council 1927-30 ( WI 531230 Wanganui County Part 11918-1958 WI 49/32/0 Taumarunui District 1940 (Flood Damage) W1491206 voI1112/64-212/67 Wanganui County W1491206 vol 2 12/58-26/11/5 Wanganui County

Lands and Survey

LS 115/244116 Soil Conservation and River Control Committees: Wanganui

Department of Conservation (

Unserialised accessions W3615 AANS Box 5 NRS/3/1 Wetlands Inventory: General Background 1984-86 W3546 AANS WIL 6/3/15 Box 11 Erosion: Shoreline Protection: Whakapapa River 1972-82 W3546 AANS WIL 2111110 Box 26 Environmental: Electricity Generation, Tongariro River, Wanganui and Otamangahau Dams-ownership of lakes W3546 AANS 3412114: Wildlife Refuges Waimarino Acclimatisation Society District Raetihi Borough Council Water Reserve 1937-79

24 FINAL DRAFT

W3546 AANS 34/24/2 Box 45 Wildlife Refuges Wanganui Acc1imatisation Society District Lake Kaitoke Wanganui County 1975-86 W3546 AANS 34/24/3 Wildlife Refuges, Lake Westmere, Wanganui W3546 AANS 38/1/3 Water and Soil Conservation Catchment Authorities and Regional Water Boards 1969-86 W3546 AANS 38/5/2112 Box 50 Water Rights and Allocations: Wellington Regional Water Board W3546 AANS 38/6/7 Flood control scheme Rangitikei Catchment Board W3546 AANS 40/3/50 Box 56 Wildlife Management Reserves:. Lake Kaituna 1987 W3832 AANS 38/9/14 Water and Soil Conservation· Wildlife Scenic Rivers:Whakapapa River 1983 to 1987

MAF Research

W4143 Box 521 96/26/FD Part 1 Wanganui County Council Fordell Rural Water Supply Scheme 1987 W4143 Box 521 96/26/SH Part 1 Oroua County Council Stanway and Halcomb Rural Water Supply Scheme 1987 W4143 Box 521 96/26NU Part 1 Waitotara County Council Nukumaru Rural Water Supply Scheme 1987 W4143 Box 521 96/26/MX Part lWaitotara County Council Maxwell Rural Water \ Supply Scheme 1987

Ministry of Forestry

6906 Series New Zealand Forest Service Turangi files Box 5 8/4112 Wanganui River Power Development Investigations 1964-66 Box 58/4/13 Tongariro Power Project 1964-74 Box 5 8/4/13/1 Tongariro Power Project 1964-74 6904 New Zealand Forestry Service Wanganui Files Box 2 1/7/1 Land Utilisation Committee Reports 1981

25 FINALDRAFf

Box 2 117/5 Soil and Water Conservation

ECNZ

AANU 7740 W5159/67 21175/16 Part 1 Power Stations Tongariro Fishing Activities 1964-66 AANU 7740 W5159/67 Part 2 Power Stations Tongariro Fishing Activities 1967-72 AANU 7740 W5159/67 Part 3 Power Stations Tongariro Fishing Activities 1972-74 AANU 7740 W5159/67 Part 4 Power Stations Tongariro Fishing Activities 1975-79 AANU 7740 W5159/68 Part 5 Power Stations Tongariro Fishing Activities 1979-83 AANU 7740 W5159/67 Part 6 Power Stations Tongariro Fishing Activities 1983-85

26 FINALDRAFf

Appendix Two

Horizons.MW, Palmerston North

( !

27 17 September 2001 IS 04 03 NRW:DLS

Ms Tul GlUing 7 Regent Street Newtown WELLINGTON

DearTui

RE: YOUR WAITANGI TRIBUNAL ENQUIRY

-.:~~, :' I enclos.e, listings and general noteS on the extent of both Rangitikei catchment and Rangitikei-Wanganui catchment Boards. I trust these will help with your scoping report. ( . Should this claim go ahead I have been asked to point out to you that there will be a lot of staff time and cost involved In the research. Is there a fund set up for such research where we could recoup some of the costs?

I await your further advice.

Yours sincerely

t· Noelene R Wevelf ARCHIVIST

Encl ("

-...lollleto-.c_ .. _ M -.....-....--- U-15 VIcterIe --.. PItYlIIe _11025, ...... tGn NortIa, N_ Z..r.nd The Rangitikei Catchment' Board commenced 16/4/1945. We have all Minutes, some ratebooks, and about 50 miscellaneous files.

The Rangitikei Wanganui Catchment Board commenced April 1972 and closed off at Local Government Re-organisation October 1989

I have attached 2 index pages for W/General files. The numbers down the left side also Are used for the particular catchment areas - thus W327/270 is Rangitikei Catchment: Lakes. Or W333U1250 is Upper Wanganui Catchment: Hydro Development. Obviously not every catchment has a/l the categories i.e. W334/5 MowhsrutulKai lwi Catchment does not have Lakes or Hydro.

As far as other indexes are concemecf we have all agendas, reports and minutes; all coastal issues, including Waipipi Iron Sands, District Planning. englneers'files which at times combine with Soil Conservation (usually concerning ·flood· protection or land subsidence), Flood Reports, Shingle licences and returns, forestry, plus we also hold all Wanganui United Council files.

There are some 1695 database entries for RWCB and about 217 entries for RCB

. There is also a news-cfippin~s archive.

Are you aware that some of the above is available, in general terms, from www.nram.org.nz which is the web-site of the National Register of Archives and Manuscripts?

: \ W/GENERAL

10 Act 20 Advertising 40 Appeal Board Decisions 50 Aquatic Herbicides 60 Circulars - NWASCA 61 Circulars - ~ Replies' 70 Circulars - NZCAA 71 Circulars - NZCAA Replies 80 Circulars - Other Boards 110 Classification 115 Consulting l'brk 120 Contractors 130 Costing - Methods Anal. & water Rights 140 Courses 150 Dairies & Piggeries 160 Dams - App~ications 170 rmns - General ( 180 Discharges 190 District 199 District Settler Maps 200 Divert ·202 D:rnestic \tater 210 Factories 220 Fisheries , 230 General Authorisations 230/1 - Rangitikei-wanganui Catchment Board 230/2 - Other Boards 240 Government Departments .. 250 Hydro Development .\ 251 Information Requests 260 Irrigation 270 lakes 280 Weal Authorities 290 Metal Extraction 300 Mining 310 Mount Fuapehu Eruptions ( 320 Notifications 330 Operational Surveys 340 Prosecutions 350 Publicity & Public Relations 360 <)Jestionnaires 370 Rights - Oamputer 380 Rights - Government Departments 390 Rights - Granted 390/1 Rights - Expired 400 Rubbish Tips 401 Rural water Schemes 404 Sa'Wlllills 410 Sewage Disposal 420 Ski Fields 425 Spillages 430 Standards & Effluent Characteristics 440 Subdivisions 450 Swat'Ii> Drainage 460 Take 466 Tongariro Power Scheme 470 Underground water 480 washers 490 waste Treatment Farms 491 waste Treatment - General 500 Water Allocation Plans 510 water Management Plans 520 l-Jater OJality - Analytical Methods/Services 530 water OJality - Chernaqua 535 Water Quality - Computer Stats. Evaluation 540 water OJality - Equipment 550 water OJality - Literature & Refer,ences 551 water Quality - Telarc 555 water Quality - Rights Monitoring 559 water Resource Officers Meetill'Js 560 I-later Resources & Surveys 570 water Resource Council Special Conditions 580 Water Rights to the Board I 600 "~ild & Scenic Rivers I ,:, i

O(C..OU C\. ') .o~N ~ . CK "" ~ G- ,,~\./...... "'C' W~"J\,O~O~ KO\~' ?\--(~ /A /", -....j ef\ ~,r.\. , i I Ut\F\ ~ C. ~ ~H \J I K-~,/.O~~ 11 \.f 3:l '"'l. .. \B~ \J((~ \-.l~""'G.~~\ol , r\ .Lo\-1~ ~ ! . \J sJ~L. \.J\<:)Wt\~'" ea.\I 'V-~ ~~ I ...t~~ \ \ ~ iil~/7 FINAL DRAFT

Appendix Three

Wanganui District Council, Wanganui

(

28 Wanganui District Council

BlIilding a better COllllllllllity with the people of the Wanganlli District

1 October 2000 Our Reference: 5/26/1 d t\archivists\enquiries\Gilling-Waterways.doc If calling contact: Penny Allen

Tui Gilling 7 Regent 8t Newtown Wellington

DearTui

VVhanganuiVVaterways

.Enclosed are printouts of items held in the District Council archives, that relate to the terms you specified. Each title listed in the column "Item Title" is a specific item, ie a file, a plan, a committee agenda, etc.

These lists should cover the bulk of the relevant information we hold. There may be information contained within other documents, eg in Council minutes, but to search that out would take a lot more time and incur a research fee of $30 per hour, possibly for very little result.

Please note that a few items may have a public-access restriction on them. This is because they contain information which is personal, or commercially sensitive. These items would require authority from our CEO before being publicly released.

I hope this is useful.

Yours sincerely

Penny Allen Archivist

101 Guyton Street, P.O. Box 637, Wanganui, New Zealand Telephone (06) 3490001, Facsimile (06) 3490000 c:l r~ltIeJ.:." . SQL Listing 011101019:46:04 AM Page 1

-Series Name Agency Name Sequence Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

[own Clerks Yearly Numbered File Series Wanganui Borough/City Council Gravel shoot River Bank Road 1915-1916 71 11915/8961 aaf Harbour Engineers Files Wanganui Harbour Board Gravel Royalties 1917-1921 461131 aad Town Clerks Yearly Numbered File Series Wanganui Borough/City Council Gravel from Wanganui River 1921 7111921130271 aaf engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/<;:::ity Council Plan and sections Carson,St. gr~yel pit being pt. 1922 168 17621 aaf .. ' .' .:- ~ sections 45 and 46. Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Plan and elevation 26 yards gravel bins Hyltons Pit 1924 168/10781 aaf vtanaging Secretarys Correspondence Wanganui Harbour Board WanganuiRiver Gravel Co 1926-1928 3814091 aad [own Clerks Running Number File System Wanganui Borough/City Council 1st sequence Gravel supplies Tenders 1926-1938 721631 aaf Engineers Registered File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Gravel pit No 3 Line 1928-1933 6911031 aaf ~ngineers Registered File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Wanganui River Gravel Co 1928-1947 691191 aaf ;urvey Plans Wanganui County Council Land to be taken for gravel reserve 1934 24811521 aab Buckeridge General Managers Unregistered Files Wanganui Harbour Board Wanganui River Gravel Co Ltd 1935-1941 401671 aad .Town Clerks Running Number File System Wanganui Borough/City Council 1st sequence River Gravel Coy dredging 1936 72110341 aaf :'ngineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Detail portable gravel bin and conveyor. 1945 168/1373 1aaf :ontracts and Tenders, Registered and Unregistered Waitotara County Council Contract No. 416 Carting 680 cubic yards of 1974 2412211 aac shellrock gravel Watershed Road ~ngineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui B~rough/City Council Kai Iwi No 2 bore - gravel 1986 168161701 aaf

:--...." .-~ ;{!l.oo d SQL Listing 01110/01 9:48:06 AM Page 2

~. Series Name Agency Name Sequence Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Mr. C.D. Cox No. 12 Ashton Terrace flooding 1963 168/25341 aaf investigation Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Gonville Avenue 27" flood relief sewer to river 1964 168/26311 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Puriri Street - sewer flooding investigation . 1965 168/2785 1aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Wainui Beach Road - Waitotara River Bridge flood 1965 168/75591 aaf damage (ex Wai 592) Town Clerks Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council 3rd sequence Complaints: re flooding of properties 1965-1969 73 162/2 1aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Ikitara Road & Turoa Road - flood investigation plan 1966 168 13018/ aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Anzac Parade - Kowhai Park':' details of flood prevention 1966 168130311 aaf in Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Victoria Avenue & Guyton Street - Victoria A venue to 1966 168 130741 aaf Guyton Street intersection - flooding investigation Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Prince Street & Heads Road - Farmer Wool store- 1967 168130761 aaf flooding investigation Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Dublin Street - Wanganui intermediate School- flooding 1967 168130811 aaf investigation Engineers Multiple Number Subject Files Wanganui Borough/City Council Flooding - miscellaneous 1967-1969 70 1 19/1c 1aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Ikitara Road & Matarawa Stream - stormwater drainage 1968 168 132291 aaf for flood relief Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Heads Road nO.209 - atlas freighters depot re: flooding 1968 168133311 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Konini Street No. 7,9,& 11 - flood protection 1970 168 135571 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Somme Parade - George to Gibson - flood relief W 1970 168 135621 aaf Loaders property Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Oakland Avenue - Linwood & Hatrick property - plan of 1970 16813593 1aaf road & service location for flood Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Gt North Road & SH3 - Virginia Lake - Higginbottom 1970-1971 168140701 aaf Fountain details of pontoon, copper work, plumbing, flood lamps etc (9 sheets) General Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Flooding 1970-1974 7412/51 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Parsons Street - Jones to Springvale - flooding 1971 168141461 aaf investigation G.J. Shaw Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Floodlamp brackets 1973 16814253 1aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Trailer for spate 4 - c flood pump 1975 168145951 aaf General Multiple Number Subject File Systcm Wanganui Borough/City Council Flooding 1975-1978 7412/51 aaf Inwards Correspondence (registered) Wanganui County Council 3rd sequence Roads - maintenance (includes flood damage) (file has 1975-1987 31 R6111 aab bad water damage) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Turoa Road - Ikitara to City boundary - flood 1976 168150921 aaf investigations Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Wanganui River - flood levels 13/11/78 1978 168153941 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Ruapehu Street - No.20 Ruapehu - flooding investigation 1978 168154081 aaf to property alteration to berm & crossing Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Ceuncil Wanganui River flood levels 13111/78 1978 168161661 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Motor Boat Club-Georgetti flood control scheme 1978 16815295/ aaf SQL Listing 01110/01 9:48:05 AM Page 1

Series Name Agency Name Sequence Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

Unregistered Maps, Plans and Drawings (flat) Wanganui Harbour Board Graph of flood in cusecs 2511921 aad Photographs Wanganui Harbour Board Untitled. Shows Wanganui River in flood. n.d., possibly 0000 581231 aad 1891 (framed, 5 images) Photographs Wanganui Harbour Board Wanganui River in flood, 13 February 1891 (framed) 1891 581221 aad Maps, Plans and Drawings, Registered (flat) Wanganui Harbour Board Wanganui River 1904 showing longitudinal sections, 1904 57 112/1115 I aad flood levels of both banks of river (10 sheets) (WCC 7355) Maps, Plans and Drawings, Registered (flat) Wanganui Harbour Board Plan of river from entrance showing levels of flood and 1904 57 1 1211116 1aad positions of cross-sections taken Sept. 1904 (WCC 7355) Photographs Wanganui Harbour Board Wanganui River in flood, 26 May 1904. Photograher = 1904 581131 aad Denton (framed, 2 images) Maps, Plans and Drawings, Registered (flat) Wanganui Harbour Board Cross-sections in basin taken from soundings before and 1926 57114/1141 aad after floods (WCC 7371) Town Clerks Running Number File System Wanganui Borough/City Council 1st sequence Wanganui East flooding etc 1926-1928 7212311 aaf Engineers Registered File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Flooding Miscellaneous 1929-1955 6911081 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Plan and cross-sections Kai Iwi Stream showing flood 1936 168114041 aaf levels Town Clerks Running Number File System Wanganui Borough/City Council 1st sequence Complaints re flooding 1936-1945 721971 aaf Town Clerks Running Number File System Wanganui Borough/City Council 1st sequence Flooding Brunswick creeks 1938 72111041 aaf Films Wanganui Borough/City Council Wanganui flood 1941 (1 min); Liberty Loan Campaign 1939-1955 275111 aaf 1942 (4 min), US Marine Corps Band 1943 (3 min), Works Unit Rescue Sqad & Emergency Fire Protection 1940s (4 min); Laying foundation stone City Council building 1967 (2 min); Port Bowen & St Johns Hill 1939 (2 min); Rubbish collection c.1955 (8 min); Virginia Lake Reserve and Centennial Winter Gardens (1 min, 1 frame only). Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council SH4 to Wanganui - right bank Wanganui River - flood 1950 168175141 aaf damage (ex Wai 278) Registered File Series Waitotara County Council 1st sequence Flood damage (formerly 14/2) 1952-1972 211 FI51 aac Engineers Registered Files Wanganui County Council No 3 Line (includes flood deviation) 1952-1972 1313/11 aab Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Plan and section ofRimu St sewer extension (flood 1953 168116781 aaf relief) Engineers Registered File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Flooding Brunswick Road area and Matarawa Stream 1954 691108111 aaf Town Clerks Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council 1st sequence Matarawa Stream flooding - scheme for prevention of 1954-1959 731811 aaf Engineers Registered File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Flooding Churton Creek Area 1955 69 1 108/2 1aaf Inwards Correspondence (registered) Wanganui County Council 1st sequence Ministry of Works and Development flood damage 1955-1961 31 M21 aab claims Engineers Multiple Number Subject Files Wanganui Borough/City Council Flooding - miscellaneous 1956-1966 70 1 19/1b 1aaf Registered File Series Waitotara County Council 1st sequence Flood damage 1956-1976 211 F/51 aac Town Clerks Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council 2nd sequence Complaints: re flooding of properties 1959-1964 73 162/2 1aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Layout plan Wanganui East showgrounds showing flood 1960 168121781 aaf light location ~--..., ·.I'.~ ..... 1-;:.")l.l:lh 01110/019:48:07 AM Page 3 • Series Name Agency Name Sequence Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

Engineers Registered Maps and Plans W anganui Borough/City Council Hackett Street - Hackett to Matarawa Stream - flood 1979 16815453 1aaf control flap valves General Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Flooding 1979-1981 7412/51 aaf General Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Flooding; 1982-1985 7412/51 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Wanganui River flood levels 1985 168161121 aaf General MUltiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Flooding 1986-1989 7412/51 aaf Registered File Series Wanganui County Council Roads - Flood Damage 1988-1989 297 1R8/2 1abj Town Planning Registered Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Licence to occupy 1 Glandwr Crescent Mr A D Flood 1991 316169091 aaf (A4) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council SH4 & Burrells Road RP 188/8.70 flood damage (3 1993 168168981 aby sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Gilberd Street flood control details (2) 1993 168168581 aby Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Makirikiri Valley Road stream flooding 1994 168180001 aby Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Pauri Road flood damage repairs & culvert No.2 1995 168180791 aby Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Whanganui River Paetawa to Pipiriki cross sections flood1995 168181241 aby flow estimates (2 sheets) ti£!trIi/-Sn SQL Listing 011101019:53:17 AM Page 1

Series Name Agency Name Sequence Item Title Date Range - Reference to Quote

\-faps, Plans and Drawings, Registered (flat) Wanganui Harbour Board Plan showing progressive erosion of coastline adjacent to 5717/8/31 aad Airport (WCC 7233) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Plan and section erosion Okehu pipe track 1928 168 110691 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Plan sections erosion Riverbank, Taylorville also details 1928 168110881 aaf proposed retain- ing wall rown Clerks Running Number File System Wanganui Borough/City Council 1st sequence Somme Parade erosion 1936 72 11069 1aaf rown Clerks Running Number File System Wanganui Borough/City Council 2nd sequence River erosion Somme Parade 1938-1942 7212291 aaf \1aps, Plans and Drawings, Registered (flat) Wanganui Harbour Board Airport beach erosion surveyed 1947-1952 (WCC 7233) 1951 5717/8111 aad :::ngineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Maxwell- W Matthews property control of gully erosion 1954 168175151 aaf (ex Wai 299) \1aps, Plans and Drawings, Registered (flat) Wanganui Harbour Board Proposed protection work for erosion control (WCC 1955 5717/8/21 aad 7233) \1aps, Plans and Drawings, Registered (flat) Wanganui Harbour Board Protection and erosion control South Spit (WCC 7420) 1958 57120114/3 1aad Registered File Series Waitotara County Council 1st sequence River erosion and soil conservation (formerly Rl12) 1959-1972 211 W/41 aac engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Plan showing progressive erosion of coastline - 1965 168 12928 1aaf Wanganui Airport Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Anzac Parade - Kiwi Street vicinity - X-sections of 1969 168135061 aaf riverbank erosion Wanganui River Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Longacre Valley Road bridge No.45 removal of half 1995 168180841 aby bridge & erosion work

,~-...... /.;.--.. ~. I. ,0_11 oA. +, '/JV'- :QL Listing 01110/019:59:46 AM Page 1

:eries Name Agency Name Sequence Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

'own Clerks Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council I st sequence Water and drainage: river pollution 1956 73 148/3/3 1aaf 'own Clerks Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council 2nd sequence Water and drainage: Wanganui River pollution 1960-1963 73 148/3/3 1aaf tegistered File Series Waitotara County Council 2nd sequence Wanganui River Pollution 1965-1966 211 WI7I aac rown Clerks Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council 3rd sequence Water and drainage: Wanganui River pollution 1965-1969 73 148/3/3 1aaf 3uckeridge General Managers Unregistered riles Wanganui Harbour Board Water Pollution 1969-1971 401601 aad ::Jeneral Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Drainage Wanganui River pollution 1970-1975 7412/4/11 1aaf Jeneral MUltiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Inspectoral air pollution 1973-1974 741216/171 aaf Jeneral Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Inspectoral air pollution 1975-1978 7412/6/171 aaf Jeneral Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Drainage Wanganui River pollution 1976-1977 7412/4/11a 1aaf ;;tagpooles Papers Wanganui Harbour Board 8/6 Pollution 1978-1986 521951 aad :Jeneral Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Inspectoral air pollution 1979-1981 7412/6/171 aaf :Jeneral Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Drainage Wanganui River pollution 1980-1981 7412/4/11 1aaf Jeneral Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Inspectoral air pollution 1982-1987 7412/6/171 aaf Jeneral Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Inspectoral air pollution 1986-1989 7412/6/171 aaf Jeneral Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Drainage Wanganui River pollution 1987-1988 7412/4/111 aaf Jeneral Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Drainage Wanganui River pollution 1988-1989 74 I 2/4111 1aaf d,'1/ e.r $ ,'-/9 0"1 .QL Listing 01110/01 10:04:26 AM Page 1

'eries Name Agency Name Sequence Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

)urvey Plans Wanganui County Council Creek diversion & filling at boundary between sectionsOOOO 2481611 aab 3 & 2 Mangamahu Creek Road ngineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Plan of Temporary Diversion of College St. Sewer into 1952 168116891 aaf Churton St. Sewer ~ngineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Plans and photographs of proposed diversion of 1955 168116071 aaf Matarawa Stream (23 sheets) egistered Contracts Wanganui Borough/City Council 1st Matarawa Stream diversion earthworks 1956 7511191 aaf \.egistered Contracts Wanganui Borough/City Council 1st Matarawa Stream diversion bridges 1956 7511201 aaf ::ngineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Details of Matarawa Stream diversion, Highway 1956 168116201 aaf bridge no. 3 line ngineers MUltiple Number Subject Files Wanganui Borough/City Council Drainage - Matarawa Stream Diversion 1956-1958 70 1 19/2a 1aaf ::ngineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Details of Matarawa Stream diversion footbridge 1957 168 116521 aaf :ngineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Plan of Matarawa Stream diversion showing spoil 1957 168118001 aaf dumping and spot levels ...,ngineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Plan and section of Matarawa Streem diversion, head 1959 168118521 aaf . works :ngineers Multiple Number Subject Files Wanganui Borough/City Council Drainage - Matarawa Stream diversion 1959-1960 70 1 19/2b 1aaf :ngineers Multiple Number Subject Files Wanganui Borough/City Council Drainage - Matarawa Stream Diversion 1960-1969 70 1 19/2c 1aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Tutahikeka Stream diversion - Hyltons Pit 1962 168 124391 aaf Registered File Series Waitotara County Council 2nd sequence Wanganui River Diversion (M.O.W. Scheme) 1963 211 W171 aac :ngineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Churton Creek culvert - proposed diversion of flow 1972 168142311 aaf and manhole access (6 sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Kaikokopu Road - Savage to City Bridge - proposed 1975 168150051 aaf diversion channel for open drain ~ngineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Heads Road & Gilberd Street - Heads & Gilberd 1976 168 15099 1aaf intersection - proposed diversion of 450mm outfall ( 2 sheets ) ~ngineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Materawa Stream diversion assessment 1984 168160271 aaf

/---...... I1t~ SQL Listing 01/10101 10:54:00 AM Page 1

Series Name Agency Name Sequence Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

Registered File Series Waitotara County Council 1st sequence Atene Dam (Wanganui River Hydro Project) (Formerly 1964 21 I RIll I aac Al10) Town Clerks Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council 2nd sequence Atene Dam 1964 731881 aaf SQL Listing .., 0...(.. /" /' ~ ...... "0 r· f:i::J;.vt·;:;o, f 01110101 10:57:31 AM Page 1

Series Name Agency Name Sequence Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

Town Clerks Running Number File System Wanganui Borough/City Council 1st sequence Tourist and Development League - various 1936-1938 7211291 aaf matters Town Clerks Running Number File System Wanganui Borough/City Council 2nd sequence Tourist and Publicity Development Committee 1936-1941 72179a I aaf Committee Agendas Reports and Recommendations to Wanganui Borough/City Council Reports of the Tourist Publicity Development 1941-1966 261116a I aaf Council Committee and PI~t.~!J!~l}ase Sub-Committee Engineers Multiple Number Subject Files Wanganui Borough/City Council Tourist and Publidty-"Follow the Golden 1956-1964 701391 aaf Arrow" Information Centre Unregistered Files Hospitality Wanganui Tourism Means You Seminar 1978 791121 aan Inwards Correspondence (registered) Wanganui County Council 3rd sequence Government departments - Tourism (loose 1985 3 I G2/20 I aab papers) Miscellaneous Planning Records Wanganui Borough/City Council Proposed tourist facility Pipiriki Incorporation - 1987 324111 AAF Wanganui United Council correspondence and photographs. Unregistered Files Naturally Wanganui Regional Tourism 1987-1988 218161 abq Unregistered Files Hospitality Wanganui Rangitikei Tourism Correspondence 1988 791481 aan Registered File Series Wanganui County Council Tourism 1988-1989 2971 G2/15 I abj General Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Tourism Wanganui General and Newsletters 1989 74 13/421 aaf Unregistered Files Hospitality Wanganui Minutes of Tourism Wanganui 1990-1991 791511 aan Unregistered Files Hospitality Wanganui ManawatulWanganui Tourism Committee 1991 791531 aan

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Series Name Agency Name Sequence Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Wastewater collection & disposal scheme stage 1 - 168164241 aaf Tregenna Street pumping station and overflow structure (34 sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Wastewater collection & disposal scheme stage 1 - Beach 1959-1979 168 16478 1aaf Road pumping statio n - 36T Comminutor; 20"/22" volute pump; 16"/16" V.S. M.F. pump (6 sheets) Engineers Unregistered Files Waitotara County Council Otamatea Wastewater Scheme 1972-1976 238171 aac Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Wastewater collection & disposal scheme stage 1 - Beach 1977 168164461 aaf Road pumping statio n overflow outfall (7 sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Wastewater collection & disposal scheme stage 1 - supply 1977 168 164471 aaf of pipes (8 sheets) Maps, Plans and Drawings, Registered (flat) Wanganui Harbour Board Wastewater disposal scheme stage 1 land requirements 1977 57 115/71 aad affecting Board land (WCC 7381) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Wastewater collection & disposal scheme stage 1 Beach 1977-1981 168 164491 aaf Road pumping station (156 sheets) Registered Contracts Wanganui Borough/City Council 2nd Supply of pipes for Caslecliffinterceptor sewer - 1978-1979 751811 aaf wastewater collection and disposal scheme stage 1 (correspondence file only, no contract document Registered Contracts Wanganui Borough/City Council 2nd Wastewater collection and disposal scheme construction 1979 751801 aaf of Castlecliff inter ceptor (contract plus 2 correspondence files 80/1 and 80/2) Registered Contracts Wanganui Borough/City Council 2nd Supply of reinforced concrete and ducted pipes - 1979 75181A 1aaf wastewater collection and disposal scheme (contract plus correspondence file) Registered Contracts Wanganui Borough/City Council 2nd Supply of concrete-lined steel pipes - wastewater 1979 75181B 1aaf collection and disposal scheme (contract plus correspondence file) Registered Contracts Wanganui Borough/City Council 2nd Supply of grit traps - wastewater collection and disposal 1979 75189A 1aaf scheme (contract plus correspondence file) Registered Contracts Wanganui Borough/City Council 2nd Supply of communitors - wastewater collection and 1979 75 189B 1aaf disposal scheme (contract plus correspondence file) Registered Contracts Wanganui Borough/City Council 2nd Preparation of site for marine outfall construction - 1979 7511001 aaf wastewater collection and disposal scheme (contract, correspondence file, plus 30 sheets of plans stored separately) Registered Contracts Wanganui Borough/City Council 2nd Supply of pipes for river crossing pumping main - 1980-1985 75181Claaf wastewater collection and disposal scheme (two correspondence files 81C and 8IC/I, plus specification and schedule of quantities including plans, no contract document) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Wastewater collection & disposal scheme stage I - Ocean 1981 168164481 aaf Outfall (58 sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Wastewater collection & disposal scheme stage I - ocean 1984 168160171 aaf SQL Listing 01110/01 11:02:18 AM Page 2

Series Name Agency Name Sequence Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

outfall (53 sheets) Registered Contracts Wanganui Borough/City Council 2nd Ocean outfall and cathodic protection - wastewater 1984 75188A 1aaf collection and disposal scheme (contract plus 2 corresponedence files 88A and 88A/l) General Multiple Number SUbject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Drainage Beach Rd Tregenna St Waste Water Pumping 1985 74 12/4/13 1aaf Station General Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Drainage Beach Rd Tregenna St Waste Water Pumping 1986-1987 74 12/4/13 1aaf Station General Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Drainage Beach Rd Tregenna St Waste Water Pumping 1987-1989 74 12/4/13 a 1aaf Station Town Planning Registered Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Waste Water options Wanganui District (A3) 1989 316167871 aaf Agendas and Reports Wanganui District Council Wastewater Mar 1991-Sep 1992. *RESTRICTED* 1991-1992 3291291 aby Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Wanganui wastewater Beach Road pump station (9 1992 168181861 aby sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Wanganui wastewater interceptor stage 1 (38 sheets) 1992 168181871 aby Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Wanganui wastewater interceptor stage 1 (21 sheets) 1992 168181881 aby Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Wanganui wastewater SH3 / Putiki cobham bridge rising 1992 168182511 aby main (4 sheets) Town Planning Registered Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Wastewater Wanganui River (A3) 1993 316170421 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Wanganui wastewater interceptor stage 3 & 4 (17 sheets) 1993 168181891 aby Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Wanganui wastewater interceptor stage 2 (25 sheets) 1993 168181901 aby Town Planning Registered Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Wastewater diagramatic of interceptor system (A4) 1994 316171441 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Okoia Road / Township Glendalla Trust wastewater 1994 168182421 aby disposal (2 sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Wanganui wastewater interceptor part 5 (29 sheets) 1994 168181921 aby Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Wanganui wastewater interceptor part 3 (36 sheets) 1995 16818193 1aby Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Wanganui wastewater separation section 1 (6 sheets) 1996 16818191 1aby Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Wanganui wastewater Churton culvert link (3 sheets) 1996 168182011 aby Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Somme Parade Wanganui wastewater telemetry ductline 1997 168182781 aby Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Wanganui Wastewater pipe reticulation (11 sheets) 1997 168 182471 aby Agendas and Reports Wanganui District Council Wastewater Project Control Group May 1997-JuI1998. 1997-1998 32911011 aby *RESTRICTED*

.1'--...... gllt.-4 ..,.,d-Lr .1J./ 5 r"D -at .-.--«7 V" ;)~L Listing ,r 01110/01 11:09:46 AM Page I Series Name Agency Name Sequence Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

Town Clerks Running Number File System Wanganui Borough/City Council 1st sequence Proposed camping ground Waterworks 1929 7213541 aaf Engineers Multiple Number Subject Files Wanganui Borough/City Council Water Supply - Underground Wat~r Authority 1965-1969 70 116/191 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Karaka Street - Rangiora to Taupata - groundwater 1975 168 145971 aaf investigation (5 sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Karewa Street & Karaka Street ~. drainage 1972 168156361 aaf investigation positions of bores for groundwater ~~L Llsllng C~~"""f·:~t/i{/ i" OiI10/011l:07:15 AM Page 1

Series Name Agency Name Sequence Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

Unregistered Maps, Plans and Drawings (flat) Wanganui Harbour Board Wanganui Harbour Board Proposed Development 251 11061 aad Test Bores (2298/A) Unregistered Maps, Plans and Drawings (flat) Wanganui Harbour Board Wanganui Harbour Board Proposed Development 25111071 aad Test Bores (2298a) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iw:i No.1 bore - screen 16814442/ aaf .1, -:'::._'. details ' " " Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council No 1 bore Kai lwi - rising main & cable dimensions 168162911 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Harrison SW sewer - contract 190 location of bore 168163761 aaf logs ( 2 sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Kai Iwi No 1 bore redevelopment (3 sheets) 168163891 aaf Engineers MUltiple Number Subject Files Wanganui Borough/City Council Water supply - private swimming pools and water 70 1 16/18a 1aaf bores Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Sections oftest bore in borrow pit for runway base 1960 168 120221 aaf course Engineers MUltiple Number Subject Files Wanganui Borough/City Council Water Supply - Castlecliff Artesian Bore 1960-1969 701161111 aaf Engineers Multiple Number Subject Files Wanganui Borough/City Council Water supply - 1964 Water Works Loan site 1964 70116/121101 aaf development and hydraulic installation at bore site Kai Iwi Engineers Multiple Number Subject Files Wanganui Borough/City Council Water Supply - Contract no 203 Construction of 1964-1965 70 1 16/12/8a 1aaf Artesian Bores and Pumping Plant Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Wanganui City Council building site (test bores) 1965 168127921 aaf comer Guyton and St. Hill Street Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Kai Iwi stream - plan of area near bore site showing 1965 168128721 aaf features land scape Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council London Street - Carlton A venue bores 1965 168129221 aaf Town Clerks Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council 3rd sequence Water and drainage: water supply - Kai Iwi bores 1965-1969 73 148/5 1aaf Contracts and Tenders, Registered and Unregistered Waitotara County Council Contract No. 326 Mowhanau Water Supply (Casing 1966 2411311aac the Artesian Bore) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Bore log No.1 production well Kai Iwi 1966 168129731 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi no 1 & 2 bores - 1966 168 13030 1aaf water main & cable position between bores 1 Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi nos 1,2 & 3 bores - 1966 168130341 aaf thrust block detail Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi no.2 bore - proposed 1966 168132411 aaf no.2 production bore site (3 sheets) Engineers Multiple Number Subject Files Wanganui Borough/City Council Water Supply - Contract no 203 Construction of 1966 70 1 16112/8b 1aaf Artesian Bores and Pumping Plant Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau & waters headway - survey plan Kai Iwi 1966-1973 168153211 aaf 5E water works operators house & No.1 & 2 bores (4 sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Wilson Street - Lucas building - test bores 1967 168131261 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi no.2 bore - wiring 1967 16813211 1aaf diagram of remote control system pump 2 (2 sheets)

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''---"'" Series Name Agency Name Sequence Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

Engineers Multiple Number Subject Files Wanganui Borough/City Council Water Supply - Contract no 203 Construction of 1967 70 1 16/12/8c 1aaf Artesian Bores and Pumping Plant Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Puma Street - Puma stream - retaining wall bore log 1968 16813271 1aaf information Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi no. 1 & 2 bores - 1968 16813303 1aaf transformer pads Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi no. 1 & 2 bore - 1968 168133321 aaf wiring diagram Engineers Multiple Number Subject Files Wanganui Borough/City Council Water Supply - Contract no 203 Construction of 1968 70 1 16/12/8d 1aaf Artesian Bores and Pumping Plant Engineers Multiple Number Subject Files Wanganui Borough/City Council Water supply - private swimming pools and water 1968-1969 70 1 16/18a 1aaf bores Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Field Street - Hylton Reserve - aerial mosaic graph of1969 168135131 aaf test bores No. 1,2,3,4,5, 7 topographical contours specification (7 sheets) Maps, Plans and Drawings, Registered (flat) Wanganui Harbour Board Test bores (WCC 7325) 1970 57 11115 1aad General Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Water supply private swimming pools and bores 1970-1974 7412/21110 1aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi No.1 Bore - plan of 1971 168140941 aaf area & environment Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi No.1 & 2 bore - pipe 1971 168141301 aaf work details (2 sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi No.1 bore proposed 1972 16814225 1aaf site for operators house Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Karewa Street & Karaka Street - drainage 1972 168156361 aar investigation positions of bores for groundwater Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Karoro Road - beach to east end - test bore log 1973 168142921 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Wakefield Street -lkitara-No.3 line - test bore log 1973 168142931 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Heads Road - Balgownie industrial development - 1973 168143081 aaf subsoil test bores Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi No.2 bore - screen 1973 168143411 aaf details Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi No.1 bore­ 1973-1974 168 143341 aaf custodian's house (3 sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Wakefield Street - site investigations bore hole logs 21974 168144201 aaf - 5 Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi No.1, 2, & 3 bores - 1974 168144571 aaf new control panel circuit diagram (2 sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Kai Iwi no. 1 & 2 bore pump and motor drawdown 1974 168143641 aaf . characteristics (4) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi No.1, 2, & 3 bores - 1975 168145091 aaf Pleuger submersible pump (2 sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi water supply - record 1975 168145661 aaf metering & control equipment for bore & works SQL Listing 01110101 11:07:17 AM Page 3

Series Name Agency Name Sequence Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Tennyson Street & Carson Street - Lundon Park - 1975 168145841 aaf water bore sch~matic circuit diagram wiring diagram & switchboard layouut ( 2 sheets ) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Tennyson & Carson - Lundon Park - water bore to 1975 168150021 aaf location underground cable Town Planning Registered Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Water supply No 1 bore & residence (A4) 1975 316146581 aaf Town Planning Registered Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Water supply No 2 bore (A4) 1975 316146591 aaf General Multiple Number Subject File System Wanganui Borough/City Council Water supply private swimming pools and bores 1975-1978 7412/211101 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Karaka Street - Karewa to Seafront - bore log of fill 1976 16815021 1aaf in Wicksteed holdings Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi No.3 bore - probe 1976 168150881 aaf hole bore log ground detail plans (3 sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Springvale Road - Parsons to Peakes - drainage .1976 168151581 aaf investigation and test bores ( 5 sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui ,Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi No.1 bore­ 1977 168151691 aaf waterworks custodian house proposed garage site Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Portal Street - reconstruction test bores 1977 168152241 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi No.3 bore - probe 1978 168153261 aaf hole bore log & elevation well head Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi No.3 bore - 1978 168153371 aaf electrical control system (5 sheets) Registered Contracts Wanganui Borough/City Council 2nd Kai Iwi no 3 bore electrical controls (correspondence 1978-1979 7511081 aaf file only, no contrac t document) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Portal Street - Webb to Stark - test boreholes T.P. 1980 168155071 aaf 685 to 900 Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Portal Street - Durie Vale to Webb - reconstruction 1980 168155441 aaf to test bores Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Somme Parade - Bates to Guyton - bore logs (2 1980 168156381 aaf sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Kai Iwi no.3 bore pump and motor characteristics (3) 1980 168155311 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Portal Street - Webb to Stark - test bore holes at T.P. 1981 168156671 aaf 685 - 900 Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi bores - submersible 1981 168156721 aaf pump packing crate Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi No 2 bore - site plans 1981 168157201 aaf (2 sheets·) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi No 1 bore - plan of 1981 168157291 aaf bore & custodians reside nce & cross over DET 250 - 300 1250 - 400 mains & details of 416 D.D. extension & specials ( 3 sheets ) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi No 3 bore & pump 1982 168157791 aaf station - new 200mm valve Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Bor(~'1ICity Council Rangitatau East Road.----,~ai Iwi No 1,2,& 3 bores - 1982 168158221 aaf SQi. Listing /- " 01110/01 11:07:18 AM Page 4

Series Name Agency Name Sequence Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

350mm diameter water main orifice plate Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi No 3 bore & pump 1982 168158311 aaf station - 350mm main contro 1 valve 350mm pipe specials 350mm main turbidity control control valve on 381mm main 381 main location of oriface plate tapping ( 5 sheets ) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Purnell Street - Selwyn to Carlton - carriageway 1982 168159251 aaf subsurface investigations boreholes ( 2 sheets ) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi No 12& 3 bores - (61983 16815890 1aaf sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi No 1 2 & 3 bores - 1983 168159141 aaf KSB pump information spare parts list (10 sheets) Town Planning Registered Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Licence to occupy 180 Ridgway Street municipal 1983 316162041 aaf small bore rifle club (A4) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Kai lwi No 2 bore - gravel 1986 168161701 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/CitY Council Kai Iwi water supply bore electrical diagrams (11) 1988 168163571 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Kai Iwi water supply No 2 bore (8) 1989 168163741 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road No 2 bore 1989 168164151 aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Turoa pit - bore holes to investigation holes 1 & 2 1991 168165441 aby K~' lWI' SQL Listing 01110/015:09:08 PM Page 1

Series Name Agency Name Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Survey plan ofKai lwi Stream watershed area 168/1638/ aaf Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Details of pipe bridge across Kai Iwi Stream 168/431/ aaf Legal and Survey Plans Waitotara County Council Plan of parts ofKai lwi Valley, Lower Kai lwi Valley and 1880-1892 . 247/52/ aac Beach Rds Block XIV and XV Nukumaru SD (CiWCC 52). Shows lake, Okehu and Kai lwi Streams; Okehu, JJ, Mowhanau and Mt Alexander trig points; names Moore and Currie; surveyor John Annabell; copy ofPW 245. Legal and Survey Plans Waitotara County Council Plan ofKai lwi Valley Rd Block XV Nukumaru SD (B/WCC 1885 247/43 / aac 43). Shows also Great North Western Road; railway line; Kai Iwi Stream; Mt Smith, Wicksteed and Blockhouse trig points; pah; names Alexander, Moore and Currie, J Tawse; surveyor John Annabell. Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Plan and sections of proposed auxiliary water supply from Kai 1931 168/1146a,b, / aaf Iwi Stream Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Plan and cross-sections Kai lwi Stream showing flood levels 1936 168/1404/ aaf Registered Correspondence Nukumaru Domain Board Kai Iwi 6Al (across Kai Iwi Stream) (NDBIlO) 1954-1988 153/14/ aai Engineers Unregistered Files Waitotara County Council Plans etc of proposed rehabilitation of Otakina Bridge - Kai lwi 1955-1974 238/10 / aac Stream Brunswick Road B689 Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Plan Kai lwi stream above bumping station (compiled from 1960 168/2177/ aaf aerial photographs Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Kai lwi stream - plan of area near bore site showing features 1965 168/2872/ aaf land scape Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Kai lwi stream plan showing contours downstream of pumping 1965 168/2878/ aaf station Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Brunswick Road - Kai lwi stream pipe bridge - elevation of 1972 168/4162/ aaf existing bridge and site plans (6 sheets) Registered Contracts Wanganui Borough/City Council Fabrication ofKai lwi Stream pipe bridge (contract plus 1972 75/24/ aaf correspondence file) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai Iwi Stream - proposed regrading (3 1973 168/4252/ aaf sheets) Engineers Unr~gistered Files Waitotara County Council Kai Iwi Stream Bridge Handley Road B689 - plans as built 1974 238/11/ aac 1974 Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Rangitatau East Road - Kai lwi stream pipe bridge - proposed 1979 168/5473 / aaf realignment of bridge & realignment of 380 & 345 mm watermain onto bridge (2 sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Tokomaru West Road - Bridge No 10 to Kai lwi Stream (2 1993 168/6909/ aby sheets)

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SQL Listing /- ',,------...... 01110101 5:16:12 PM Page 1

~ Series Name Agency Name Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Coastal resources to Waitotara River to Himitangi beach to 168160651 aaf Castlecliffto Wanganui river mouth to Kaitoke Stream to Bluff Trig to WhangaehuNorth to Whangaehu River mouth - (29 sheets) , Legal and Survey Plans Waitotara County Council Survey District plan 99/5 PtPerekamaRd XlII Wairoa 1882-1930 2471351 aac surveyed by John Annabe1l1882;WD 2116 Pt Karaka A no 1C surveyed by CW Reardon 1906; WD 4209 Pt Perekama Rd surveyed by Annabell and Marchant 1930 (CIWCC 35, 3 sheets). Show Waitotara River, Koheroa and Ohie Streams, Kaipo Block, great NorthWestern Road, Kells trig point. Legal and Survey Plans Waitotara County Council Proposed deviations Waitotara Valley Road Blocks V and IX 1906-191 0 247133a 1aac Nukumaru SD Rangitatu 1B Nos 2 and 2D (CIWCC 33). Shows Te Auroa Native Reserve, Waitotara River, trig points Karewarewa, Mango, Roimata and Puketarata. Surveyors CW Reardon' 1906 and RP Greville 1910. Legal and Survey Plans Waitotara County Council Pt ofWaitotara Valley Road through Rangitatau ID No 2B 1910 2471331 aac Block proposed deviations Waitotara Valley Rd (CIWCC 33). Shows Waitotara River, Manganui Opo Stream, surveyor RP Greville 1910. Legal and Survey Plans Waitotara County Council Plan of land to be taken for site for workers dwelling tieing 1921 2471291 aac part of Rangitatau 1D No 2B Block - Block V Nukumani SD (CIWCC 29). Shows Lower Waitotara Valley Road; Waitotara River; Auroa Block; name G McGregor, surveyor ThomasDix. Legal and Survey Plans Waitotara County Council Auckland Wellington via Taranaki Highway (25 sheets). 1928-1934 24711561 aac SH3 Virginia Lake-W aitotara River road recoilstruction. Includes longsections, cross-sections, curves, angles, elevations, etc. Shows some buildings; names Ritchie, Armstrong, Bruntlett, Stockman, Windle Styers & Co, Hayes Handley & Co, McAllistair & Co, Birch, Moye; most signed by Thomas Dix, County Engineer. Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Wainui Beach Road - Waitotara River Bridge flood damage 1965 168175591 aaf (ex Wai 592) , ' Registered File Series Waitotara County Council Waitotara River Control Works 1971-1984 211 W/41 aac ~::.;;: .",,~-~ "V~~ ·~A.,. J~ SQLListing 02110/019:20:10 AM Page 1

Series Name Agency Name Sequence .. Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

Survey Plans Wanganui County Council Upper Whangaehu tracing of Block Ngamatea S. D. 24812111 aab Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Coastal resources to Waitotara River to Himitangi 168160651 aaf beach to Castlecliffto Wanganui river mouth to Kaitoke Stream to Bluff Trig to Whangaehu North to ;!! Whangaehu River moiitli i (2!hheets) Survey Plans Wanganui County Council Whangaehu River Road Paparoa (3 sheets) 2481831 aab Survey Plans Wanganui County Council Auckland - Wellington highway (Wanganui - 248 1124 1aab Whangaehu) contract 123 Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Off Mangamahu Road bridge plans (3) bridge no. 49 168166691 aaf Whangaehu River (ex Wang 6) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Bridge plans off Mangamahu Road (1) bridge no. 49 . 168167021 aaf Whangaehu River (ex Wang 227) Unregistered Maps and Plans Wanganui County Council Wangaehu (Whangaehu). Cadastral map annotated to 3411471 aab show Mangawhero Road District, reserves, education and school lands. Umegistered Maps and Plans Wanganui County Council Suspension bridge over Wangaehu (Whangaehu) 3411401 aab River at Kauangaroa (old bridge, now demolished, shared between Wanganui and Rangitikei Counties, inchides copy of Rangitikei contract no 614; 4 sheets). Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Mangamahu Road bridge plans (4) bridge no 48 ? 0000 168166811 aaf Whangaehu River (ex Wang 35) Unregistered Maps and Plans Wanganui County Council Plan of the Upper Whangaehu Road District (spelt 0000 3411361 aab Wangaehu on item) (outsize plan kept in box) Survey Plans Wanganui County Council Culvert & embankment at Waipakura in the 1875 248 1223 1aab Whangaehu District Survey Plans Wanganui County Council Plan and section of the proposed Makirikiri Road in 1876-1881 248 1209 1aab the Whangaehu Highway District. HE Field, 1876; certified legalised by John Annabell1881. Shows names: Henry Sarjeant, Christopher Parker, Donald Smith, James Brownlee, Brownlee schoolhouse, Messrs Anderson, Browns house, Thomas Brown, Alex McLosky, George Small, George McDonald, Daniel Thurston, D Thurston house, E Thurston house, J Jackson, Messrs Montgomerie, AlIens house, H Montgomery, James AlIens house, J Kennedy; Waipakura Native Reserve; No 2 Line extension, Whangaehu River, Makirikiri Stream, Upokongaro Stream, Riverbank Road, Wanganui River. (See phys char/cond) Survey Plans WanganUi G01!Q.ty Council Whangaehu Highway Board,Paori Lake Road 1877 2481781 aab Survey Plans Wanganui County €ouncil Whangaehu Highway Board trial plans & sections 1877 248 1224 1aab

.~. River Bank Road (4.sl!eets) · ... lsLmg 02110/01 9:20:12 AM Page 3

Series Name AgencyNam Sequence Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

Licensing Documents Makirikiri Licensing Committee John Brownlie, Henry Waller, Red Lion Hotel, 1889 263181 abw Campbelltown,; John McDonald, Bridge Hotel, Whangaehu; Thomas Rowe, Kennedys Hotel, Upokongaro; John Ruscoe, Fordell Railway Hotel. Licensing Documents Makirikiri Licensing Committee Maria Anna Brownlie, Red Lion Hotel, 1890 263191 abw Campbelltown; John McDonald, Bridge Hotel, Whangaehu; Thomas Rowe, Kennedys Hotel, Upokongaro; John Ruscoe, Fordell Railway Hotel. Licensing Documents Makirikiri Licensing Committee Angus McDonald, Whangaehu Hotel, Warrengate 1891 2631101 abw Racecourse, 15 January 1891. Licensing Documents Makirikiri Licensing Committee Maria Anna Brownlie, Thomas James Bennett, 1892 2631111 abw Railway Hotel, Fordell; John Kennedy, Red Lion Hotel, Taylorville; Angus McDonald, Bridge Hotel, Whangaehu; Thomas Rowe, Kennedys Hotel, Upokongaro. Unregistered Maps and Plans Wanganui County Council Plan by George Frederic Allen showing Upper 1898 3411371 aab Whangaehu ( Wangaehu ) Road Board District, parts ofMangawhero, Maungakaretu, Karioi and Moawhango Survey Districts. "Includes details of land use - native land occupaton, crown land occupation, education and other public reserves. Also private, public, dray and horse roads, tracks, waterways, areas of forest, bush and scrub. (Outsize roll plan) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Off Whangaehu Valley Road bridge plans (2) bridge 1904 168166701 aaf no. 54 Whangaehu River (ex Wang 11) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Bridge plans off Mangamahu Road (4) bridge no. 49 1909 168166851 aaf Whangaehu River (ex wang 55) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borough/City Council Off Whangaehu Valley Road bridge plans (7) bridge 1910 16816671 1aaf no. 56 Whangaehu River (ex Wang 13) Survey Plans Wanganui County Council Whangaehu River Road (8 sheets) 1912 2481691 aab Survey Plans Wanganui County Council Whangaehu Road (5 sheets) 1913 2481771 aab Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui ~orough/City Council Whangaehu Valley Road bridge plans (2) near 1913 16816673 1aaf Pungatawa (ex Wang 15) Survey Plans Wanganui County Council Sketch plan showing proposed protection works 1918 248131 aab Whangaehu River Mangamahu Survey Plans Wanganui County Council Plan of Cross Road Fields Track to Whangaehu 1919 2481981 aab Valley Road Unregistered Maps and Plans Wanganui County Council Map ofWanganui County, annotated to show ridings 1920 3411411 aab and Whangaehu Valley bridges (large roll plan on batten, fragile) Survey Plans Wanganui County Council Plans (14) Wanganui County Whangaehu 1921-1924 24811421 aab ValleylRoadmans Reserve .... mg 02/10/019:20:14 AM Page 5

Series Name Agency Name Sequence Item Title Date Range Reference to Quote

SD Engineers Registered Files Wanganui County Council Whangaehu Hotel Road 1960 13 /1113 / aab Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui Borougb/City Council Whangaehu River Bridge Fields track to Rangiwaea 1962 168/2455/ aaf Road Inwards Correspondence (registered) Wanganui County Council 2nd sequence Separate rate - Whangaehu Valley Road 1964-1973 3/ R45/ aab Bridge Contracts and Specifications Wanganui County Council PoIsons Bridge Renewal Whangaehu River 1966-1969 12/32/ aab Bridge Contracts and Specifications Wanganui CountY Council Specification for Mangamahu Creek Bridge 1968-1969 12/38/ aab Whangaehu Valley Road and tenders for Mangamahu Truss Bridge Inwards Correspondence (registered) Wanganui County Council 2nd sequence Upper Whangaehu Valley Road 1970-1974 3/R21/ aab Unregistered Maps and Plans Wanganui County Council Plan ofPts Lot 1 DP 22647, Pts river bed, Pts 1978 341/19/ aab Kauangaroa 3010, 3F & road to be closed Block V Whangaehu SD Unregistered Maps and Plans Wanganui County Council Cadastral maps NZMS 261 with mesh block overlays, 1985 341/42/ aab Wanganui County and Harbour District outlined (4 sheets: R21 Ngatamapouri; R23/823 Marton; 821 Kakatahi; 822 Whangaehu). Appears that may have included R22 originally, now missing. Drawn 1976177, revised 1985. Town Planning Registered Plans Wanganui Borougb/City Council Licence to occupy Whangaehu Valley Road M L 1990 316/6887/ aaf Farrelly (A4) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Whangaehu Valley Road - Bridge 54 to Harris - 1992 168/6881/ aby gabion wall proposed bridge reconstruction (2 sheets) Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Whangaehu Valley Road - Bridge 84 to Harris 1993 168/6867/ aby Engineers Registered Maps and Plans Wanganui District Council Whangaehu Valley Road shape correction 1993 168/6878/ aby

.~. /,.--.., FINALDRAFf

Appendix Four

Other sources

Newspapers

Wanganui Chronicle . Online Coverage: January 1874 to December 1900 http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz

Wanganui Herald Online Coverage: January 1876 to December 1900 http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz

Published

New Zealand Gazette New Zealand Parliamenta.ry Debates

29 FINALDRAFf

Bibliography

PRIMARY SOURCES

Published

Rangahaua Whanui Reports

CrossitSusan and Bargh, Brian, The Whanganui District, Waitangi Tribunal Rangahaua Whanui Series, District 9, Working Paper, First Release, Wellington, April 1996'· (

Pond, Wendy, The Land With All Woods and Water, Waitangi Tribunal Rangahaua Whanui Series, National Theme U, First Release, Wellington, June 1997

Ward, Alan, 'National Overview', Waitangi Tribunal National Overview Series, vol 2, 1997

White, Ben, Inland Waterways: Lakes, Waitangi Tribunal Rangahaua Whanui Series, National Theme Q, First Release March 1998

Waitangi Tribunal Reports (

r.: . Waitangi Tribunal, The Whanganui River Report, Wai 167, OP Publications, Waitangi Tribunal 1999

____---',Te Ika Whenua Rivers Report, Wai 212, OP Publications, Waitangi Tribunal 1998

Appendices for the Journal of the House of Representatives, 1870-1980

30 FINALDRAFf

SECONDARY SOURCES

Books

BaHara, Angela [wi: The dynamics of Maori tribal organisation from c.1769 to c.1945, Wellington, Victoria University Press, 1998

Campion, Margaret The Road to Mangamahu: A history of the Whangaehu River Valley from Reid's Hill to Mt View, Wanganui, Wanganui Newspapers Ltd, 1988

,) Percy-Smith, S, Maoris of the West Coast, Christchurch, Kiwi Publishers, Reprint 1999

Smith, Norman F, Boast, Richard, Erueti, Andrew and McPhail, Doug, Maori Land Law, Wellington, Butterworths, 1999

Young, David, Woven by Water: Historiesfrom the Whanganui River, Wellington, Huia Publishers, 1998

Young, David and Foster, Bruce, Faces of the River: New Zealand's living water, Auckland, TVNZ Publishing, 1986

Reports

Horizons.MW, 'Measures of a Changing Landscape: State of the Environment Report', Manawatu-Wanganui Region 1999

Ministry for the Environment, 'The 1998/99 National Landfill Census Report', Ministry for the Environment, March 2000, Wellington

______, 'The State of New Zealand's Environment', GP Publications, 1997, Wellington

31 FINALDRAFr

Maps

Reed, New Zealand Atlas, Auckland, Reed Publishing, 1995

Department of Survey and Land Information Infomap 260-R22 Wanganui ______" Infomap 260-S21 Kakatahi ______, Infomap 260-S22 Whangaehu

Website (

Waitangi Tribunal, www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz/claims/whang.htmI

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