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Access and Use of Information Communication Technologies by Rural Farmers in Enugu North Senatorial Zone, Enugu State

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Access and Use of Information Communication Technologies by Rural Farmers in Enugu North Senatorial Zone, Enugu State Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 3(7), pp. 264-270, July, 2013 Available online at http:// www.scholarly-journals.com/SJAS ISSN 2276-7118 © 2013 Scholarly-Journals Full Length Research Paper Access and use of information communication technologies by rural farmers in Enugu north senatorial zone, Enugu state O. I. Ogbonna and A. E. Agwu Department of Agricultural Extension University of Nigeria, Nsukka Enugu State, Nigeria Accepted 22 June, 2013 Information communication technologies have the potential to increase farmers’ access to information which is paramount in enhancing agricultural production in developing countries. The study examined access and use of information communication technologies by farmers in Enugu north senatorial zone, Enugu state, Nigeria. Structured interview schedule was used to collect data from 90 farmers randomly selected for the study. The data were analyzed using percentages, frequency counts, mean scores and standard deviation. Results indicated that radio (98.9%), television (95.5%) and mobile phones (96.7%) were the most available ICTs in the area. ICT facilities accessible to the farmers were mobile phone (M=1.83), video players (M=1.46), radio (M=1.82) and television (M=1.52) while radio (M=2.71), mobile phones (M=2.64), television (M=2.02) were mostly used. The major benefits of ICTs as perceived by the farmers included: enhanced information exchange and interaction between researchers, extension workers and farmers (M=3.71); effective storage and retrieval of information in agriculture (M=3.73); easy access to information (M=3.83); enhanced agricultural production and marketing (M=3.05); cost and time reduction in agricultural production and marketing (M=3.11) among others. However, constraints in the use of ICTs by farmers included: high cost of ICT infrastructure (M=2.77); low income (M=2.64); frequent power failure (M=2.77), lack of necessary skills and poor ICT training (M=2.57). The study concluded that farmers have limited access to agricultural information and recommends the need for providing necessary ICT facilities, training and infrastructure needed for effective communication in the rural areas. Keywords: Access, Use, Information Communication Technologies and Farmers INTRODUCTION The concept of information in general and of agricultural people around the world to contact one another, to information in particular, as a resource for development is access information instantly, and to communicate from very important in the contemporary world and cannot be remote areas. There are lots of difficulties facing rural overemphasized. The ability to easily access and share farmers which can be solved by providing them with information and stimulate the creation of new ideas is adequate access to quality information which many viewed as essential to maintaining a nation‟s economy researchers have generated. ICTs play important roles in and enhancing the quality of life of every citizen in all addressing these challenges and enhancing the standard nations of the world. Communication devices enable of living of rural farmers. ICT is a set of technologies that facilitate information processing, storage, retrieval and transmission. According to Torero and Von Braun (2005) ICTs are *Corresponding author. E-mail: veritable tools with which a network of interactions can be [email protected]; [email protected] stimulated among individuals such that they overcome Ogbonna and Agwu 265 the physical barrier of distance and social standings to computers for information and data management, most of become integrated in the global knowledge system. ICTs the computers have neither telephone nor internet can enhance the integration and efficiency of agricultural access. Consequently, a substantial number of rural systems by operating new communication pathways and farmers have no access to some ICTs including; e-mail, reducing transaction cost by enhancing accessibility of face book or twitter contacts or other forms of information information on price, transportation and production communication channels provided by internet. technologies (CTA, 2003). ICTs when available to rural The questions were: what types of ICTs are available to farmers will improve the availability and quality of rural farmers in Enugu north senatorial zone of Enugu information either indirectly through producers, State? Are they adequately accessed and utilized by the associations, extension workers and the like or directly farmers? What factors affect their usage? And what are through broadcast radio information and mobile phone the perceived benefits of their use in the study area? The messaging. ICTs facilitate the ease of communication, major objective of this work was to ascertain the level of which has many profound effects. In marketing of access and use of ICTs by farmers in Enugu north agricultural products deals can be made through emails senatorial zone of Enugu State. Specifically the study and mobile phone technology. Cheap and high-quality sought to: internet access can unlock more of the potentials of rural areas and make them more viable places for people to 1. Ascertain the ICTs available for use by the farmers in live. ICTs can help existing rural business to perform the study area; tasks more effectively and efficiently and respond to their 2. Ascertain the level of access of the available ICTs by demand for rapid access to diverse kinds of information. farmers in the area; The traditional media has been very successful in 3. Ascertain the level of use of the available ICTs by the developing countries and rural radio in particular has farmers; played a major role in delivering agricultural messages. 4. Examine the perceived constraints to the use of Rural farmers can tune in to radio stations even when available ICTs by farmers in the study area and they are working at their farms. Telephones, video, 5. Ascertain the perceived benefits of the available ICTs television, films, news papers and pictures have also to farmers in the area. been used to speed up the flow of information to rural people. Despite the international spread of ICTs, the impacts METHODOLOGY have been geographically uneven. They have exacerbated pre-existing disparities between developed The study was carried out in Enugu North Senatorial countries which can afford to produce and consume the zone of Enugu state, which is located in the northern part latest technologies, and developing countries, which of Enugu state and is made up of 6 local government cannot (Wilkin, 2001). In developing countries there are areas: Nsukka, Igbo-Eze North, Igbo-Eze South, Igbo various problems, which create barriers to people owning Etiti, Uzo Uwani and Udenu. The zone has its and using ICTs. According to Obijiofor, Inayatuallah and headquarters in Nsukka. All farmers in the zone Stevenson (2009) preliminary research on ICT adoption constituted the population for the study. Three local in Africa and the Asia-Pacific suggests that there are government areas (Nsukka, Udenu and Igbo-Eze South) obvious barriers to their use in educational and socio- were randomly selected from the six local government economic development. The diffusion of ICTs within areas in the zone. A community was selected from each societies is varied. Prakash (2000) posited that it is often local government, giving a total of 3 communities (Edem- said that modern technology tends to bypass local ani, Orba and Ovoko). Thirty farmers were selected from communities found in remote regions. However some each community giving a total of 90 farmers for the study. recent technological advancement in communications Data were collected through the use of interview has began to blur geographical distances and schedule infrastructural bottlenecks. Developed countries like To determine the ICT tools available in the study area a Europe and America have a highly developed ICT list of audio visual/broadcast technologies, print infrastructure that influences its agricultural research technologies and computer/telecommunication through the sharing of information and knowledge, and technologies were provided for the respondents to check the creation of new collaboration and partnership each item‟s availability or unavailability. research. At the moment, African and Asian countries are To ascertain respondents‟ level of access to available still developing ICT use in agricultural research and ICT tools, a list of some ICTs were provided for the development. While the use of computers in research is respondents to check their level of access to them. A developing, the ability to connect to the internet is still three point Likert type scale of “full access =2”; “limited extremely poor, affecting access to information and the access =1”; and “no access=0”; was used to measure ability to create partnership and connect to farmers. their responses. A cut off mark of 1.0 was used to select Although some extension agents and farmers now have ICT tools accessible to farmers in the study area from Scholarly J. Agric. Sci. 266 Table 1: Percentage distribution of respondents by ICT facilities available in the area (n=90) ICT Facilities Percentage % Radio set 98.9* Video player 93.3* Television 95.6* Landline telephone 12.2 Mobile phone 96.7* Computers 77.8* E-mail 20.0 Internet 23.3 Compact disk 46.7 Printer 34.4 CDROM 51.1* Scanner 11.1 Video recorder 26.7 DVD 36.7 Diskette 36.7 Flash drive 22.2 Digital camera 20.0 Photocopy machine 40.0 Facebook 12.0 Twitter 9.0 * available ICTs the list of ICTs that was provided. mobile phone (96.7%) were the most available ICT in the To determine the level of use of the ICT tools available area. This is in line with the findings of Arokoyo (2003) in the study area the respondents were asked to check who reported that the major ICTs used in agricultural their level of use of the ICTs. A four point Likert type extension delivery in Nigeria have been radio and scale of “very often = 3”, “often = 2”; sometimes = 1”; and television.
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