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Assessment of Youths Involvement in Self-Help Community Development Projects in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State By

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Assessment of Youths Involvement in Self-Help Community Development Projects in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State By i ASSESSMENT OF YOUTHS INVOLVEMENT IN SELF-HELP COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN NSUKKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE BY EZEMA MARCILLINUS CHIJIOKE PG/M.ED/11/58977 DEPARTMENT OF ADULT EDUCATION AND EXTRA-MURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA AUGUST, 2014. 2 ASSESSMENT OF YOUTHS INVOLVEMENT IN SELF-HELP COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN NSUKKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE BY EZEMA MARCILLINUS CHIJIOKE PG/M.ED/11/58977 DEPARTMENT OF ADULT EDUCATION AND EXTRA-MURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA ASSOC. PROF (MRS.) F.O. MBAGWU (SUPERVISOR) AUGUST, 2014. 3 TITLE PAGE Assessment of Youths Involvement in Self-Help Community Development Projects in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State 4 APPROVAL PAGE This project has been approved for the Department of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies University of Nigeria, Nsukka. By _________________ _________________ Assoc. Prof (Mrs) F.O. Mbagwu Prof. P.N.C. Ngwu Supervisor Head of Department _______________ ________________ Internal Examiner External Examiner ________________________ Prof. IK. Ifelunni Dean Faculty of Education 5 CERTIFICATION Ezema M.C is a postgraduate student in the Department of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies with Registration Number PG/M.Ed/11/58977 and has satisfactorily completed the requirements for the course and research work for the degree of Masters in Adult Education and Community Development. The work embodied in this project is original and has not been submitted in part or full for any other diploma or degree of this university or any other university. ___________________ ___________________ Ezema, Marcillinus Chijioke Assoc. Prof (Mrs) F.O. Mbagwu Student Supervisor 6 DEDICATION This research work is dedicated to God Almighty for his mercy and protection to me throughout the period of writing this project. 7 ACKNOWLEDGMENT I must express my gratitude to the Almighty God, who sustained me physically and academically during the time of writing this project. My sincere gratitude also goes to my supervisor, Associate Prof. (Mrs.) F.O. Mbagwu for her motherly advice to me while supervising this work. I am also grateful to my parents, Mr. and Mrs. David Ezema for their financial support to me. I want to use this opportunity thank Mr. Ezema Theophilous and Mrs. Dorathy Fakae for their financial support to me during the period of writing this research work. My gratitude also goes to the Head of Department of Adult Education and Extra-mural Studies of University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Prof. P.N.C. Ngwu and every other Academic and Non-Academic Staff of the Department. I also want to thank Odo Nnenna and Odo Blessing for typing this work. Finally, my appreciation goes to the Ministry of Youths and Community Development of Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State for giving me the list of registered youth’s organization members available in the Local Government Area which I used in my work. 8 TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page i Approval Page ii Certification iii Dedication iv Acknowledgment v Table of Content vi Abstract x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 Background of the Study 1 Statement of the Problem 12 Purpose of the Study 14 Significance of the Study 15 Research Questions 18 Hypotheses 18 Scope of the Study 19 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 20 Conceptual Framework 20 Concept of Assessment 21 Concept of Youth 24 Concept of Involvement 27 Concept of Self-Help 31 Concept of Community Development 33 Self-help Community Development Projects Involved by Communities 39 9 Youths Involvement in the Planning of Self-Help Community Development Projects 43 Youths Involvement in the Implementation of Self-Help Community Development Projects 47 Youths Involvement in the Monitoring and Evaluation of Self-Help Community Development Projects 49 Constraints to Youths Involvement in Self-help Community Development Projects 51 Theoretical Framework 56 Democratic Theory 57 Conscientization Theory 58 Systems Theory 60 Review of Empirical Studies 61 Summary of the Literature Review 64 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD 67 Design of the Study 67 Area of the Study 68 Population of the Study 69 Sample and Sampling Techniques 69 Instrument for Data Collection 70 Validation of the Instrument 72 Reliability of the Instrument 73 Procedure for Data Collection 73 Method of Data Analysis 74 10 CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA 75 Personal Characteristics of the Respondents 75 Research Question One 77 Research Question Two 80 Research Question Three 82 Research Question Four 84 Research Question Five 87 Hypothesis One 89 Hypothesis Two 90 CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUMMARY 96 Discussion of the Findings 96 Conclusion 100 Implications of the Study 101 Recommendations 103 Limitations of the Study 104 Suggestions for Further Studies 105 Summary 106 REFERENCES 108 APPENDIXES 115 Appendix A: Questionnaire 115 Appendix B: Population Distribution of Members of Registered 121 Youth Organizations in Nsukka by Communities. Appendix C: Sample Distribution of Registered Youth Organizations in Nsukka 122 Appendix D: Focus Group Discussion Schedule 123 11 Appendix E: Reliability Statistics 126 Appendix F: Analysis Printout 129 12 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 4.1: Frequency and Percentage of Respondents Personal Characteristics75 4.2: Mean and Standard Deviation Responses of Youths and 77 Community Leaders on the Self-help Community Development Projects Embarked upon by Communities in Nsukka L.G.A. 4.3: Mean and Standard Deviation Responses showing Extent of Youths Involvement in the Planning of Self-help Community Development Projects in Nsukka L.G.A 80 4.4: Mean and Standard Deviation showing Various Ways Youths are Involved in the Implementation of Self-help Community Development Projects 82 4.5: Mean and Standard Deviation showing how Youth are involved in the Monitoring and Evaluation of Self-help Community Development Projects. 85 4.6: Mean and Standard Deviation showing Constraints to Youths Involvement in Self-help Community Development Projects 87 4.7: T-test of Independent showing Mean and Standard Deviation Ratings of Male and Female Respondents on the Self-help Community Development Projects Involved in by Communities. 89 4.8: T-test of Independent showing Mean and Standard Deviation Responses of Community Leaders and Youths on the Constraints to Youth’s Involvement in Self-help Community Development Projects. 90 13 ABSTRACT This study assessed the involvement of youths in self-help community development projects in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State. Five research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The research questions were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, while the t-test statistics was used in testing the hypotheses. The population for the study was 4, 012 respondents, comprising 4, 004 registered members of community based youth organizations and 8 community leaders. The sample size for the study was 408 respondents, comprising 400 registered members of community based youth organizations and 8 community leaders. The instrument used was a well structured questionnaire. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was also used in the study. Simple Random sampling technique through balloting was used to draw the sample size. The following major findings emerged: Rural electrification, construction of community health centre, construction of community market among others were some of the self-help projects embarked upon by communities in Nsukka, Local Government Area. Extent of youth’s involvement in the planning of self-help community development projects was low. Youths were not effectively involved in the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of self-help community development projects in Nsukka, L.G.A. A number of constraints prevented youths from effectively involving in self-help community development projects, poor educational background of majority of the youths, incompetent community youth organizations among others. Gender was not significant in youth’s involvement in community self-help projects. There was no significant difference between the mean rating of community leaders and youths on the constraints to youth’s involvement in self-help community development projects. Discussion of the findings, major recommendations and conclusion were also stated. 14 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The concept of community development was first mentioned internationally in 1948 at the Cambridge Conference on African Administration at which community development was viewed as a movement designed to promote better living for the entire community. Community development is viewed as a process whereby community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to their common problems. Frank (2004) opined that community development is a process of allowing the community members to identify their problems and also work towards solving the identified problems to improve the living conditions of the people. Community development is a coordinated approach whereby the community members undertake projects and programmes to better the living condition of the people residing in that community (Shaw, 2007). In Nigeria, community development is not new either. Available records show 15 that before the advent of colonial administration various communities designed development oriented activities on their own in order to improve themselves. In the past and even in contemporary society of ours, people in different communities articulate and sought different
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