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Water Supply US Army Corps of Engineers Kansas City District Leaders in Customer Care • WATER • •FLOOD SUPPLY • • • • • CONTROL •• • • • • • • • STUDY AREA • MINERAL • • • • ••BANK STABILIZATION Kansas and Osage Rivers, Kansas Draft April 1 988 APPENDIX D WATER SUPPLY TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page No. INTRODUCTION D-l EXISTING CONDITIONS D-2 INSTITUTIONS D-l5 FUTURE CONDITIONS D-20 PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITES D-25 CONSTRAINTS D-27 ALTERNATIVE WATER SUPPLY PLANS D-28 BIBLIOGRAPHY TABLES No. Title Page No. D-l Historic and Current Population D-3 D-2 Water Use in 1980 D-4 D-3 Authorized Federal Lake Storage Allocations D-7 D-4 Corps of Engineers Lake Project Data D-9 D-5 Kansas Water Agencies D-16 D-6 Local Water Supply Authorities D-18 D-7 Public Wholesale Water Supply Districts D - 19 D-8 Counties in Study Areas 1, 2, and 3 D-20 D-9 Area 1 Population and Water Use Forecasts D-21 D - 10 Area 1 Water Needs for All Purposes D-22 D-ll Area 2 Population and Water Use Forecasts D-23 D-12 Area 2 Expected 2035 Yield of Existing Sources D-23 D-l 3 Area 2 Water Needs for All Purposes D-24 D - 14 Area 1 Conceptual Plan Facilities and Improvements D-30 D-15 Area 1 Conceptual Plans Water Sources and Destinations D-31 D-16 Area 1 Conceptual Plan Cost Summary D-34 D - 17 Water Supply Sources and Users - Area 2 (Destinations for Central Kansas Users) D-36 D-18 Source Use for Kansas River Users for 2035 - Area 2 D-38 D - 19 Area 2 Conceptual Plan Cost Summary D-41 i TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.) FIGURES No. Title Page No D-l Average Annual Runoff D-5 D-2 Estimated Volume of Available Ground Water D-12 D-3 Areas Underlain with Ground Water and Generalized Well Yields D-13 PLATES No. Title D-l Water Supply Study Area D-2 Area 1 Baseline Condition D-3 Area 2 Baseline Condition D-4 Area 1 Without Condition D-5 Area 2 Without Condition D-6 Area 1 Plan A, Reallocation with Maximum Use of Distribution Systems D-7 Area 1 Plan B, Reallocation with Release to the Marais des Cygnes River D-8 Area 1 Plan C, No Reallocation Use of Small Lakes D-9 Area 1 Plan D, Minimum Reallocation with Distribution Systems D-10 Area 1 Plan E, Maximum Reallocation with Release to the Marais des Cygnes River D-ll Area 2 Plan A, Source Utilization D-12 Area 2 Plan A, Maximum Use of Tuttle Creek Lake D-13 Area 2 Plan B, Maximum Use of Tuttle Creek Lake D- 14 Area 2 Plan C, Source Utilization D-15 Area 2 Plan C, Moderate Use of Tuttle Creek Lake D-16 Area 2 Plan D, Source Utilization D-17 Area 2 Plan D, Maximum Use of Kanopolis and Tuttle Creek Lakes D-18 Area 2 Plan E, Source Utilization D-19 Area 2 Plan E, Moderate Use of Kanopolis and Tuttle Creek Lakes D-20 Area 2 Plan F, Source Utilization D-21 Area 2 Plan F, Moderate Use of Kanopolis and Corbin Lakes D-22 Area 2 Plan G, Source Utilization D-23 Area 2 Plan G, No Use of Tuttle Creek and Kanopolis Lakes, Maximum Use of Corbin Lake D-24 Area 2 Plan H, Source Utilization D-25 Area 2 Plan H, Moderate Use of Milford and Kanopolis Lakes ii INTRODUCTION This appendix serves to document the formulation of muncipal and industrial water supply plans, which was a major aspect of the Kansas and Osage Rivers, Kansas study. Water supply planning in this study was conducted along two paths. One path was to develop and assess alternative water supply plans, regardless of Federal interest, for areas of need. The other path was to evaluate Federal projects which have a potential water supply purpose. At a late stage in the study, Corps guidance was adopted which restricts the scope and degree of involvement of Corps studies, such that the Corps will not generally perform single-purpose water supply studies. Therefore, this report primarily documents the studies related to Federal projects. The Reallocation Report, which is a companion volume in the Kansas and Osage Rivers, Kansas Report, discusses reallocation of storage in detail D-l EXISTING CONDITIONS The area under study for municipal and industrial water supply is depicted on Plate D-l. It involves 39 Kansas counties, including six counties predominantly in the Osage River basin, 29 counties in the Kansas River basin, and 4 counties which are predominantly in the Arkansas River basin. The inclusion of the four Arkansas River basin counties is because of consideration of Kansas River basin sources of water supply in those counties. The 1980 population within the 39-county area was 1,512,487. This is 64 percent of the total population in the State of Kansas, (2,363,208) although the study area comprises about one-third of the State land area. Table D-l shows the population of each county for years 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1980. In addition, percent changes in population between 1950 and 1980, and 1970 and 1980 are provided. The latter comparison reveals 26 counties increased and 13 declined. The total increase between 1970 and 1980 was 111,118 persons, or about 8 percent. In many rural counties, even though the county population may have decreased, the population in communities with public water supply systems has increased, reflecting a migration from rural to urban or suburban settings. This puts an increased load on many systems which were already approaching the limits of their capacities. Therefore, even though it is important to examine county totals to distinguish long range trends in total water use, it is also important to recognize that problems in supply occur on a more localized basis. Existing conditions of water use for the study area were prepared from data compiled by the Kansas Water Office and used in the "1975 National Water Assessment." Water use is given in Table D-2 for the categories of livestock, mining, power generation, manufacturing, urban, and rural domestic. The units are in million gallons per year (mgy). All of these use categories could potentially be competing for the same supplies. The availability of surface flow varies with precipitation and runoff. The average annual precipitation for Kansas totals 26.5 inches, and ranges from more than 40 inches in the southeastern section of the state, to 35 inches in the northeast, gradually decreasing westward to the Colorado boundary where the average is less than 16 inches per year. The State’s greatest annual precipitation, for any location, 65.87 inches, was recorded in 1951 at Mound City. The least was at Colby in 1910, with a reported 6.62 inches. The monthly distribution of rainfall is generally favorable for crop production since most of the moisture occurs during the months of April through September. However, wide variations occur from month to month and year to year. The average annual runoff across the state varies much more than does precipitation. The average runoff ranges from 10 inches in southeast Kansas (25 percent of the precipitation) to 0.1 inches in the west (less than 1 percent of precipitation). Figure D-l displays average annual runoff in Kansas. The major streams and rivers within the study area are the Kansas River and its tributaries: Stranger Creek, Wakarusa River, Delaware River, Soldier Creek, Vermillion Creek, Big Blue River, Black Vermillion River, Little Blue River, Republican River, White Rock Creek, Smoky Hill River, D-2 TABLE D-l HISTORIC AND CURRENT POPULATION X Change X Change County 1950 1960 1970 1980 1950-1980 1970-1980 Anderson 10,267 9,035 8,501 8,749 -14.8 +2.9 Atchison 21,496 20,898 19,165 18,397 -14.4 -4.0 Bourbon 19,153 16,090 15,215 15,969 -16.6 +5.0 Brovn 14,651 13,229 11,685 11,955 -18.4 +2.3 Clay 11,697 10,675 9,890 9,802 -16.2 -0.9 Cloud 16,104 14,407 13,466 12,494 -22.4 -7.2 Dickinson 21,190 21,572 19,993 20,175 -4.8 +0.9 Doniphan 10,499 9,574 9,107 9,268 -11.7 + 1.8 Douglas 34,086 43,720 57,932 67,640 +98.4 + 16.8 Bills 19,043 21,270 24,730 26,098 +37.0 +5.5 Ellsvorth 8,465 7,677 6,146 6,640 -21.6 +8.0 Franklin 19,928 19,548 20,007 22,062 + 10.7 + 10.3 Geary 21,671 28,779 28,111 29,852 +37.8 +6.2 Harvey 21,698 25,865 27,236 30,531 +40.7 + 12.1 Jackson 11,098 10,309 10,342 11,644 +4.9 + 12.6 Jefferson 11,084 11,252 11,945 15,207 +37.2 +27.3 Jevell 9,698 7,217 6,099 5,241 -46.0 -14.1 Johnson 62,783 143,792 217,662 270,269 +330.5 +24.2 Leavenvorth 42,361 48,524 53,340 54,809 +29.4 +2.8 Lincoln 6,643 5,556 4,582 4,145 -37.6 -9.5 Linn 10,053 8,274 7,770 8,234 -18.1 +6.0 Marshall 17,926 15,598 13,139 12,787 -29.0 -2.7 McPherson 23,670 24,285 24,778 26,855 + 13.5 +8.4 Miami 19,698 19,884 19,254 21,618 +9.7 + 12.3 Mitchell 10,320 8,866 8,010 8,117 -21.3 + 1.3 Nemaha 14,341 12,897 11,825 11,211 -21.8 -5.2 Osage 12,811 12,886 13,352 15,319 + 19.6 + 14.7 Osborne 8,558 7,506 6,416 5,959 -30.4 -7.1 Ottava 7,265 6,779 6,183 5,971 -17.8 -3.4 Pottawatomie 12,344 11,957 11,755 14,782 +20.0 +25.8 Reno 54,058 59,055 60,765 64,983 +20.2 +6.9 Republic 11,478 9,768 8,498 7,569 -34.1 -10.9 Riley 33,405 41,914 56,788 63,505 +90.1 + 11.8 Russell 13,406 11,348 9,428 8,868 -33.9 -5.9 Saline 33,409 54,715 46,592 48,905 +46.4 +5.0 Sedgwick 222,290 343,231 350,694 366,531 +64.9 +4.5 Shawnee 105,418 141,286 155,322 154,916 +47.0 -0.3 Wabaunsee 7,212 6,648 6,397 6,867 -4.8 +7.3 Washington 12,977 10,739 9,249 8,543 -34.2 -7.6 TOTAL 1,024,254 1,296,625 1,401,369 1,512,487 +47.7 +7.9 Source: Bureau of Census D-3 TABLE D-2 WATER USE IN 1980 (Million Gallons Per Year) Power Urban Rural County Livestock Mining Generation Manufacturing Domestic Domestic Total Anderson 423 89 5 59 182 95 853 Atchison 322 183 0 910 720 181 2,316 Bourbon 396 67 0 209 467 129 1,268 Brown 603 0 4 136 294 119 1,156 Clay 515 86 94 45 378 112 1,230 Cloud 296 50 27 91 522 106 1,092 Dickinson 705 633 4,939 104 752 193 7,325 Doniphan 303 33
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