CARNIVOROUS PLANT CARE SELECTION SUNLIGHT TEMPERATURE BEGINNER PLANTS Plants Need at Least 3–4 Hardy Carnivorous Plants Hours of Direct Sunlight Daily

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

CARNIVOROUS PLANT CARE SELECTION SUNLIGHT TEMPERATURE BEGINNER PLANTS Plants Need at Least 3–4 Hardy Carnivorous Plants Hours of Direct Sunlight Daily CARNIVOROUS PLANT CARE SELECTION SUNLIGHT TEMPERATURE BEGINNER PLANTS Plants need at least 3–4 Hardy carnivorous plants hours of direct sunlight daily. require 3–4 months of ΅ Sundews (Drosera capensis, dormancy triggered by temperatures Drosera binata) Outdoor Plants: 4–6+ hours of sun below 50°F and shorter daylight ΅ Pitcher plants (Sarracenia flava) Indoor plants: bright, sunny window hours. During dormancy, they: ΅ Butterworts (Pinguicula grandiflora, facing east, west, or south Pinguicula moranensis) ΅ Slow in growth and leaves begin to Flytraps and Sarracenia are not turn brown around the edges INTERMEDIATE PLANTS recommended for indoor growing; ΅ Must remain sitting in some standing ΅ Venus flytraps often perish from lack of sunlight. water to prevent soil from drying out ΅ Asian pitchers ΅ Can tolerate overnight frosts with ΅ Cobra lilies little protection; container plants are very vulnerable to freeze damage INDOOR GROWING WATER To avoid frost burn, protect plants ΅ Tropical sundews (Drosera Keep soil consistently moist; during extended periods below 20°F capensis, Drosera spatulata) not wet (bog-like conditions). or during freezing temps and wind. ΅ Asian pitchers (Nepenthes) ΅ Mexican butterworts (Pinguicula) ΅ High humidity is ideal ΅ Cover plants with black plastic/tarp ΅ Best grown in a container with large or move into unheated garage/shed OUTDOOR GROWING tray under the pot filled with water ΅ When temperatures go above 35°F, ΅ Venus flytraps ΅ Use water with no chlorine and low uncover plants and return outdoors ΅ Pitcher plants mineral content; for best results, use ΅ In early spring when plants start to ΅ Cold-hardy sundews (Drocera distilled/filtered water or rainwater regrow, remove old foliage filiformis), cobra lilies ΅ Some plants (cobra lilies) prefer Carnivorous plants are extremely moving water; if growing in a pond heat-tolerant, but it is best to: OTHER DECIDING FACTORS or fountain, keep water level below ΅ Avoid prolonged soil temperatures ΅ Sarracenia/pitcher plants are expert plant’s crown (halfway up the pot) above 100°F yellow-jacket catchers! ΅ Cool roots in containers during ΅ Sundews are great in bright kitchen extreme heat; water plants 1–2 windowsills to trap and eat fruit flies times daily with cool water and/or around composts and fruit bowls! FEEDING move into more mild location Carnivorous plants are sensitive to fertilizers and minerals; generally prefer to get SOIL nutrients from the bugs they eat. PESTS Use equal parts peat moss Outdoor plants: feed only if needed; Plants can be prone to: they usually catch plenty of insects and pearlite (can use pumice ΅ Aphids, scale, mealybugs or washed river sand instead). Indoor plants: occasional fertilizer ΅ Slugs (outdoor plants) ΅ Never use potting soil or garden okay; urea-free formula for orchids or ΅ Fungal diseases (mainly grey mold) dirt; sensitive to fertilizers/minerals bromeliads diluted to half strength from poor air circulation ΅ Best to repot in late winter or early Do not feed meat to plants, only Use neem oil for insects and fungus; spring with proper soil mix freshly caught insects if needed. use Slug Magic for slugs. COPYRIGHT © 2020 DENNIS’ 7 DEES. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED..
Recommended publications
  • Carnivorous Plant Responses to Resource Availability
    Carnivorous plant responses to resource availability: environmental interactions, morphology and biochemistry Christopher R. Hatcher A doctoral thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University November 2019 © by Christopher R. Hatcher (2019) Abstract Understanding how organisms respond to resources available in the environment is a fundamental goal of ecology. Resource availability controls ecological processes at all levels of organisation, from molecular characteristics of individuals to community and biosphere. Climate change and other anthropogenically driven factors are altering environmental resource availability, and likely affects ecology at all levels of organisation. It is critical, therefore, to understand the ecological impact of environmental variation at a range of spatial and temporal scales. Consequently, I bring physiological, ecological, biochemical and evolutionary research together to determine how plants respond to resource availability. In this thesis I have measured the effects of resource availability on phenotypic plasticity, intraspecific trait variation and metabolic responses of carnivorous sundew plants. Carnivorous plants are interesting model systems for a range of evolutionary and ecological questions because of their specific adaptations to attaining nutrients. They can, therefore, provide interesting perspectives on existing questions, in this case trait-environment interactions, plant strategies and plant responses to predicted future environmental scenarios. In a manipulative experiment, I measured the phenotypic plasticity of naturally shaded Drosera rotundifolia in response to disturbance mediated changes in light availability over successive growing seasons. Following selective disturbance, D. rotundifolia became more carnivorous by increasing the number of trichomes and trichome density. These plants derived more N from prey and flowered earlier.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Genetic Diversity for the USA Endemic Carnivorous Plant Pinguicula Ionantha R.K. Godfrey (Lentibulariaceae)
    Conserv Genet (2017) 18:171–180 DOI 10.1007/s10592-016-0891-9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Assessing genetic diversity for the USA endemic carnivorous plant Pinguicula ionantha R.K. Godfrey (Lentibulariaceae) 1 1 2 3 David N. Zaya • Brenda Molano-Flores • Mary Ann Feist • Jason A. Koontz • Janice Coons4 Received: 10 May 2016 / Accepted: 30 September 2016 / Published online: 18 October 2016 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016 Abstract Understanding patterns of genetic diversity and data; the dominant cluster at each site corresponded to the population structure for rare, narrowly endemic plant spe- results from PCoA and Nei’s genetic distance analyses. cies, such as Pinguicula ionantha (Godfrey’s butterwort; The observed patterns of genetic diversity suggest that Lentibulariaceae), informs conservation goals and can although P. ionantha populations are isolated spatially by directly affect management decisions. Pinguicula ionantha distance and both natural and anthropogenic barriers, some is a federally listed species endemic to the Florida Pan- gene flow occurs among them or isolation has been too handle in the southeastern USA. The main goal of our recent to leave a genetic signature. The relatively low level study was to assess patterns of genetic diversity and of genetic diversity associated with this species is a con- structure in 17 P. ionantha populations, and to determine if cern as it may impair fitness and evolutionary capability in diversity is associated with geographic location or popu- a changing environment. The results of this study provide lation characteristics. We scored 240 individuals at a total the foundation for the development of management prac- of 899 AFLP markers (893 polymorphic markers).
    [Show full text]
  • Mcgraw-Hill's 500 SAT Critical Reading Questions to Know by Test
    McGraw-Hill’s 500 SAT Critical Reading Questions to know by test day Also in McGraw-Hill’s 500 Questions Series McGraw-Hill’s 500 ACT English and Reading Questions to Know by Test Day McGraw-Hill’s 500 ACT Math Questions to Know by Test Day McGraw-Hill’s 500 ACT Science Questions to Know by Test Day McGraw-Hill’s 500 American Government Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 College Algebra and Trigonometry Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 College Biology Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 College Calculus Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 College Chemistry Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 College Physics Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 Differential Equations Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 European History Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 French Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 Linear Algebra Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 Macroeconomics Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 Microeconomics Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 Organic Chemistry Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 Philosophy Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 Physical Chemistry Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 Precalculus Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 Psychology Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 SAT Math Questions to Know by Test Day McGraw-Hill’s 500 Spanish Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 Statistics Questions: Ace Your College Exams McGraw-Hill’s 500 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • LENTIBULARIACEAE Por Sergio Zamudio Ruiz Instituto De Ecología, A.C
    FLORA DEL BAJÍO Y DE REGIONES ADYACENTES Fascículo 136 noviembre de 2005 LENTIBULARIACEAE Por Sergio Zamudio Ruiz Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Centro Regional del Bajío Pátzcuaro, Michoacán Plantas herbáceas anuales o perennes; terrestres, acuáticas o paludícolas, a veces epífitas, rizomatosas o estoloníferas; hojas alternas o agrupadas en una roseta basal, con frecuencia dimórficas, simples o finamente divididas, a veces reducidas a escamas o ausentes, cubiertas con pelos glandulares, en ocasiones llevando utrículos de estructura compleja; flores escaposas, solitarias o dispuestas en racimos, hermafroditas, zigomorfas; cáliz 2 a 5-partido o lobado, persistente; corola gamopétala, bilabiada o con 5 lóbulos más o menos iguales, el labio inferior espolonado, con o sin paladar; estambres 2, anteras con una celda, dehiscentes longitudinalmente; ovario súpero, bicarpelar, unilocular, con dos a muchos óvulos de placentación libre central, estilo ausente o muy corto, estigma papiloso, desigual- mente bilabiado, el labio superior reducido o suprimido; fruto capsular, dehiscente por 2 a 4 valvas o circuncísil; semillas pequeñas con embrión pobremente diferenciado y escaso endospermo. Familia de plantas insectívoras, de amplia distribución mundial, con tres géneros y más de 300 especies. En la región de estudio sólo se presentan dos géneros. 1 Flor solitaria, terminal, pedúnculo sin brácteas ni escamas; hojas enteras, agrupadas en una roseta basal; sin utrículos; plantas terrestres, rupícolas o epífitas ......................................................................................... Pinguicula 1 Flores agrupadas en racimos, pedúnculo con brácteas o escamas; hojas caulinares presentes o ausentes, enteras o finamente partidas; utrículos presen- tes; plantas acuáticas, paludícolas o terrestres ............................... Utricularia * Trabajo realizado con apoyo económico del Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (cuenta 902-07), del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología y de la Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad.
    [Show full text]
  • (Sarracenia) Provide a 21St-Century Perspective on Infraspecific Ranks and Interspecific Hybrids: a Modest Proposal* for Appropriate Recognition and Usage
    Systematic Botany (2014), 39(3) © Copyright 2014 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists DOI 10.1600/036364414X681473 Date of publication 05/27/2014 Pitcher Plants (Sarracenia) Provide a 21st-Century Perspective on Infraspecific Ranks and Interspecific Hybrids: A Modest Proposal* for Appropriate Recognition and Usage Aaron M. Ellison,1,5 Charles C. Davis,2 Patrick J. Calie,3 and Robert F. C. Naczi4 1Harvard University, Harvard Forest, 324 North Main Street, Petersham, Massachusetts 01366, U. S. A. 2Harvard University Herbaria, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U. S. A. 3Eastern Kentucky University, Department of Biological Sciences, 521 Lancaster Avenue, Richmond, Kentucky 40475, U. S. A. 4The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York 10458, U. S. A. 5Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Chuck Bell Abstract—The taxonomic use of infraspecific ranks (subspecies, variety, subvariety, form, and subform), and the formal recognition of interspecific hybrid taxa, is permitted by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. However, considerable confusion regarding the biological and systematic merits is caused by current practice in the use of infraspecific ranks, which obscures the meaningful variability on which natural selection operates, and by the formal recognition of those interspecific hybrids that lack the potential for inter-lineage gene flow. These issues also may have pragmatic and legal consequences, especially regarding the legal delimitation and management of threatened and endangered species. A detailed comparison of three contemporary floras highlights the degree to which infraspecific and interspecific variation are treated inconsistently.
    [Show full text]
  • Carnivorous Plant Newsletter V44 N4 December 2015
    Technical Refereed Contribution Photoperiod regulates Cape Sundew (Drosera capensis) gland secretion and leaf development Wang Dong-Hui • College of Life Science • Peking University • Haidian • Beijing 100871 • PRC Wang Dong-Qi • Cui Yi-Wei • Yang Lu • Gu Xiao-Di • Song Wen-Fei • Li Feng • The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China • Haidian • Beijing 100080 • PRC • lifeng2004@pku. edu.cn Keywords: carnivorous plant, photoperiod, plant development, Drosera capensis. Abstract: Cape Sundew (Drosera capensis), a carnivorous plant that catches flies with sticky mu- cus, has attracted great interest among botanists and horticulture hobbyists since the Darwin era. But little is known about how this carnivorous plant regulates morphogenesis and organ formation to accommodate environmental changes. In this article we present the relationship between gland secretion of Cape Sundew and photoperiod utilizing various physiological and morphological meth- ods. We show that Cape Sundew grows faster and secretes more mucus under long days than under short days. Under long days leaf length and the blade\petiole ratio increases, leading to increased fly catching capacities. More importantly, in the short term, the rhythm of photoperiod causes Cape Sundew to secrete mucus independent of photo intensity. Introduction As one of the most special plant groups, carnivorous plants perform photosynthesis and feed on insects and some large carnivorous plants even prey on birds and small mammals. Darwin believed that a carnivorous plant was one of the most astonishing phenomena in the world (Dar- win 1875; Ellison & Gotelli 2009). Carnivorous plants are represented by more than 600 species belonging to 20 genera (Ellison & Gotelli 2001; McPherson 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • The Cost of Carnivory for Darlingtonia Californica (Sarraceniaceae): Evidence from Relationships Among Leaf Traits1
    American Journal of Botany 92(7): 1085±1093. 2005. THE COST OF CARNIVORY FOR DARLINGTONIA CALIFORNICA (SARRACENIACEAE): EVIDENCE FROM RELATIONSHIPS AMONG LEAF TRAITS1 AARON M. ELLISON2,4 AND ELIZABETH J. FARNSWORTH3 2Harvard University, Harvard Forest, P.O. Box 68, Petersham, Massachusetts 01366 USA; and 3New England Wild Flower Society, 180 Hemenway Road, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701 USA Scaling relationships among photosynthetic rate, foliar nutrient concentration, and leaf mass per unit area (LMA) have been observed for a broad range of plants. Leaf traits of the carnivorous pitcher plant Darlingtonia californica, endemic to southern Oregon and northern California, USA, differ substantially from the predictions of these general scaling relationships; net photosynthetic rates of Darlingtonia are much lower than predicted by general scaling relationships given observed foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and LMA. At ®ve sites in the center of its range, leaf traits of Darlingtonia were strongly correlated with elevation and differed with soil calcium availability and bedrock type. The mean foliar N : P of 25.2 6 15.4 of Darlingtonia suggested that these plants were P-limited, although N concentration in the substrate also was extremely low and prey capture was uncommon. Foliar N : P stoichiometry and the observed deviation of Darlingtonia leaf traits from predictions of general scaling relationships permit an initial assessment of the ``cost of carnivory'' in this species. Carnivory in plants is thought to have evolved in response to N limitation, but for Darlingtonia, carnivory is an evolutionary last resort when both N and P are severely limiting and photosynthesis is greatly reduced. Key words: carnivorous plants; Darlingtonia californica; fens; leaf mass area; leaf traits; photosynthesis; nitrogen; serpentine.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetics of Sarracenia Leaf and Flower Color PHIL SHERIDAN
    Genetics of Sarracenia leaf and flower color PHIL SHERIDAN Virginia Commonwealth Meadowview Biological Research University Station 8390 Fredericksburg Turnpike Department of Biology Woodford, VA 22580 816 Park Avenue Keywords: genetics: pigmentation-genetics: Sarracenia. Abstract Sarracenia is a genus of insectivorous plants confined to wetlands of eastern U.S. and Canada. Eight species are generally recognized with flower and leaf color ranging from yellow to red. Fertile hybrids occur in the wild under disturbed conditions and can be artificially produced in the greenhouse. Thus genetic barriers between species are weak. Normally when crosses occur or are induced between species or between different color types the progeny exhibit a blending of parental phenotypes called incomplete or partial dominance. In most species all-green mutants have been found which lack any red pigment in leaves, flowers or growth point. Controlled crosses were performed on all-green mutants from S. purpurea and two subspecies of the S. rubra complex. Self pollinated all-green plants Figure 1: A pink flowered hybrid in cultivation. This result in all-green offspring specimen was collected by Fred Case and is the cross S. and self pollinated wild-type rubra subsp. wherry) x S. alata. red plants result in red offspring. Crosses between red and all-green plants produce wild-type colored red progeny. These results suggest that the red alleles are "dominant" to the "recessive" all green mutant alleles in the three independent all-green variants tested. Since partial dominance is the usual genetic pattern in the genus, dominant/recessive characteristics are an unusual phenomenon. 1 Introduction The Sarraceniaceae (American pitcher plants) is a family of insectivorous pitcher plants restricted to wet, sunny, generally acid, nutrient poor habitats of the southeastern United States, Canada, northern California, southern Oregon, Venezuela, British Guiana (Lloyd, 1942), and Brazil (Maguire, 1978).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Carnivorous Plant Family Droseraceae with Representative Drosera Species From
    F1000Research 2017, 6:1454 Last updated: 10 AUG 2021 RESEARCH ARTICLE Phylogeny and biogeography of the carnivorous plant family Droseraceae with representative Drosera species from Northeast India [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 not approved] Devendra Kumar Biswal 1, Sureni Yanthan2, Ruchishree Konhar 1, Manish Debnath 1, Suman Kumaria 2, Pramod Tandon2,3 1Bioinformatics Centre, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India 2Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India 3Biotech Park, Jankipuram, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India v1 First published: 14 Aug 2017, 6:1454 Open Peer Review https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12049.1 Latest published: 14 Aug 2017, 6:1454 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12049.1 Reviewer Status Invited Reviewers Abstract Background: Botanical carnivory is spread across four major 1 2 angiosperm lineages and five orders: Poales, Caryophyllales, Oxalidales, Ericales and Lamiales. The carnivorous plant family version 1 Droseraceae is well known for its wide range of representatives in the 14 Aug 2017 report report temperate zone. Taxonomically, it is regarded as one of the most problematic and unresolved carnivorous plant families. In the present 1. Andreas Fleischmann, Ludwig-Maximilians- study, the phylogenetic position and biogeographic analysis of the genus Drosera is revisited by taking two species from the genus Universität München, Munich, Germany Drosera (D. burmanii and D. Peltata) found in Meghalaya (Northeast 2. Lingaraj Sahoo, Indian Institute of India). Methods: The purposes of this study were to investigate the Technology Guwahati (IIT Guwahati) , monophyly, reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and ancestral area Guwahati, India of the genus Drosera, and to infer its origin and dispersal using molecular markers from the whole ITS (18S, 28S, ITS1, ITS2) region Any reports and responses or comments on the and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) sequences.
    [Show full text]
  • UPSTATE NATIVE NURSERY SPRING 2021 SALE PLANT PRICING & OPENING INVENTORY As of 26Mar21 Scientific Name Common Name Size Price
    South Carolina Native Plant Society THE UPSTATE NATIVE NURSERY SPRING 2021 SALE PLANT PRICING & OPENING INVENTORY as of 26Mar21 Scientific Name Common Name Size Price CARNIVOROUS PLANTS Size Price Dionaca muscipula Venus Flytrap 3” 10.00 Drosera binata Sundew 4” 12.00 Mixed variety plants Mixed variety in Large PlanterLgPot 50.00 Premixed soil for carnivorous plants Premixed soil (Gallon Bag) 1g 3.00 Sarracenia flava Yellow Pitcher Plant 4” 25.00 Sarracenia flava rugeli Yellow Pitcher Plant 4” 20.00 Sarracenia ‘Judith Hindle’ Pitcher Plant ‘Judith Hindle’ 4” 20.00 Sarracenia leucophylla White Pitcher Plant 4” 25.00 Sarracenia leucophylla tarnok White Pitcher Plant 4” 25.00 Sarracenia minor Hooded Pitcher Plant 4” 18.00 Sarracenia oreophila Green Pitcher Plant 4” 18.00 Sarracenia purpurea Purple Pitcher Plant 4” 10.00 Sarracenia purpurea Montana Purple Pitcher Plant 4” 15.00 Sarracenia rubra Sweet Pitcher Plant 3” 12.00 Sarracenia rubra Sweet Pitcher Plant 4” 12.00 Sarracenia rubra in Planter Sweet Pitcher Plant in Planter 6” 20.00 FERNS SizePrice Adiantum pedatum Fern, Northern Maidenhair Fern 3” 4.00 Asplenium platyneuron Fern, Ebony Spleenwort 1g 10.00 Athyrium filix-femina v. Asplenoides Fern, Southern Lady Fern 3” 4.00 Athyrium filix-femina v. Asplenoides Fern, Southern Lady Fern 1g 10.00 Diplazium pycnocarpon Fern, Narrow Leaf Glade Fern 1g 10.00 Dryopteris celsa Fern, Log Fern 3” 4.00 Dryopteris celsa Fern, Log Fern 1g 10.00 Dryopteris celsa Fern, Log Fern 3g 20.00 Dryopteris goldiana Fern, Goldies Giant Wood Fern 3” 4.00 Dryopteris
    [Show full text]
  • Pinguicula Vulgaris L. Butterwortbutterwort, Page 
    Pinguicula vulgaris L. butterwortbutterwort, Page 1 State Distribution Photo by Susan R. Crispin Best Survey Period Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Status: State special concern Recognition: Pinguicula vulgaris is a small, herbaceous, insectivorous perennial with rosettes of 3-6 Global and state rank: G5/S3 distinctly yellowish-green leaves. The blunt, oblong- ovate to elliptic leaves, which narrow to the base, range Other common names: common butterwort, bog- to ca. 8 cm in length, curling slightly inward along violet, violet butterwort their upper margins. The upper leaf surface is covered with numerous enzyme-secreting glands that aid in Family: Lentibulariaceae (bladderwort family) the breakdown and digestion of small insects, and give the leaves a sticky-greasy feel when touched. This Range: Butterwort is a circumpolar species ranging slimy, watery surface also serves to attract and capture around the world in temperate and boreal regions. It is insect prey. The spurred purple flowers are solitary of widespread occurrence from Europe through Siberia. on 1.5-12 cm long, leafless peduncles (stalks) and Elsewhere this species occurs in the Arctic from Alaska have a white spot at the mouth. In addition to a well to Canada and East Greenland, extending southward developed basal spur, the flowers have a 3-lobed upper in North America to northeast Minnesota, northwest lip and 2-lobed lower lip, thus superficially resembling a Wisconsin, and through the Lake Superior region east violet. A single rosette may have produce up to three or to New York and New England. It is considered rare more flowering stalks.
    [Show full text]
  • TC MF Working Document
    Tokai Cecilia Management Framework: 1 INTRODUCTION . .2 1.1 Management ...................................................................... .2 1.2 Alien plant control . .2 1.3 Preparation after harvesting . .3 1.4 Fire management . .3 1.5 Restoration in terrestrial areas .................................................................................................... 5 1.6 Restoration in wetland and riparian areas ........................................................................... .6 1.7 Long-term planning for a restored vegetation network in Tokai . .7 1.8 Replanting . .8 TABLE 1. LIST OF INAPPROPRIATE ALIEN SPECIES AND SUGGESTED METHODS O F CONTROL. .9 TABLE 2. LIST OF LOCAL INDIGENOUS HIGHER PLANT SPECIES FOR TERRESTRIAL (SANDPLAIN & FOOTHILL) AND WETLAND/ RIPARIAN HABITATS IN T HE TOKAI AREA. .1 1 1 Tokai Cecilia Management Framework: 1 Introduction The following guidelines are applicable to restoration and rehabilitation initiatives of the sand-plain Fynbos in the lower Tokai area. The guidelines are based on: 1) Dr. Patricia M. Holmes, 2003. Management and Restoration Plan for an Area of Tokai Plantation East of Orpen Road and between the Two Car Park Areas. 2) Dr. Patricia M. Holmes, 2004. Management Plan for the Extension of the Core Cape Flats Flora Conservation Site in the Lower Tokai Forest. 3) De Villiers et al, 2005. Ecosystem Guidelines for Environmental Assessment in the Western Cape, 4) Forestry Industry Environmental Committee, 2002. Environmental Guidelines for Commercial Forestry Plantations in South Africa. 5) Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act (Act No. 43 of 1983). 6) National Water Act (Act No. 36 of 1998). 1.1 Management It should be appreciated that restoration is a process that does not happen in one step, but rather in several steps of recovery along a course of natural repair, with occasional interventions being required to redirect this trajectory along the desired path.
    [Show full text]