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From the president 2 People News Serious fun 22 PIA Trivia Night 3 Cliff Willmett – A diff erent type of Social Planner recognised by peers 3 planner 25 Conference 2014 – Your guide to riding Place the next wave in planning 4 Gold Coast CBD: Open for business 26 Planning Excellence Awards launch How do world class streets occur: Lessons celebrates success 6 from an international city - 28 Letters 7 Postcard from 30 Plan Governance and planning systems in : A case of needing to be shaken and stirred 9 Golden opportunity 12 Temporary policy, permanent impact – Cover design by Zara Ali rise of the three-storey behemoth 14 www.zaraali.com.au Th e value of managing coastal erosion on Image courtesy City of Gold Coast the Gold Coast 17 Environmental off sets under the draft Gold Coast City Plan 2015: A south-east Queensland context 20

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Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 – 1 From the president

professionally and was involved in many wave in planning across our sub-themes great projects that I am pleased to see of Plan-People-Place. have come to life. Th is year we will be specifi cally Th e Wednesday Surf and BBQ with the highlighting and showcasing the Gold PLACE crew live long in my memory. Coast throughout the program including What a great way for an offi ce to embrace dedicated study tours. We have embedded its surrounds and take advantage of some study tours into the main program to of the treasures that are the Gold Coast. allow each delegate an opportunity to Defi nitely something that we should all get out and about in the conference host take on board no matter where our offi ces city. Whether it’s a Segway ride along the are! foreshore, hopping on the new light rail, a trip to see award-winning residential But the Gold Coast is so much more estates and koala relocation or a cruise than just the sun, surf and sand. It is along the extensive waterways, we have Australia’s six largest city and in its own the Gold Coast covered. right is a thriving, active contributor to our economy. Over the past ten years the Further highlights across the program are population has grown by 31%. With this included in this edition. As planners in Kate Isles MPIA comes many challenges to continue to Queensland we need to collectively face Queensland President delivery on the City’s three themes:- the next wave of planning together. So I I have fond memories of, as a child, would encourage you all to go to hƩ p:// • Th e best place to live and visit packing up each September school www.planning.org.au/qld-conference- holidays and heading to the beach. For • Prosperity built on a strong diverse home register to attend and take our family though it was all about the economy advantage of earlybird pricing. Sunshine Coast and in particular heading • People contribute to a strong My promise to you as this year’s to Maroochydore - according to my Dad, community spirit Conference Convenor is that you the Sunshine Coast had better waves for will leave a better professional having body surfi ng. For more than 10 years A number of articles in this edition attended this year’s conference. Th is we booked the same apartment for two highlight some of the key changes is your chance to get that weeks. Fond memories of family time, and catalytic projects that have really competitive edge. making new friends, a few hospital trips brought Gold Coast into its own. One of the major projects is the new Light and coming back looking that little bit See you on the GC! browner! Rail which is actively contributing to the city’s ongoing transformation. Th e However, as I have grown older I have land use strategy for the light rail is now had a lot more exposure to the rival multi-award winning including both PIA coast, the Gold Coast or as I like to State and National Awards for Planning say - the GC. Like many Queenslanders Excellence. Th e strategy breaks down the this probably started with the Schoolies barriers to see true integration of land use experience. Given what happens on and transport infrastructure. A realistic Schoolies stays on Schoolies I won’t relive and implementable strategy that will this for you. continue to help shape the Gold Coast landscape for many years to come. After Schoolies visiting the Gold Coast was a regular weekend thing whether It is this complexity combined with it was heading down for day trips or huge opportunity and drive that makes celebrating milestones with friends. In the Gold Coast the perfect location for 2006 my casual fl ing with the Gold this year’s State Conference. Planning in Coast turned into something a little Queensland is changing and we need to more serious. For the next 18 months I be ready. Th e theme of the Conference commuted from Brisbane to Southport is therefore topically named “Riding the each day to build the planning business Next Wave in Planning”. at PLACE Design Group’s Gold Coast Offi ce. We have worked hard to deliver a program that caters for all appetites by While many battled up the Pacifi c bringing a new structure to the program Highway to Brisbane and North, me and as well as diversity through topics my red rocket Corolla would make the and presentation styles. Th is is our easier trip south to Southport. I really opportunity to not only understand the enjoyed this time both personally and facts but to debate and discuss this next

2 – Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 News PIA Trivia Night Social Planner recognised by peers Alliance Hotel in Spring Hill, 11 April 2014 Andrea Young FPIA, one of Australia’s social planners in policy development Jess Carmichael MPIA (Grad) leading social planners was presented and planning scheme development with her Fellow certifi cate by increased several fold. Andrea has National President, Dy Currie at the encouraged and mentored young social Where is over 90% of the world’s fresh commencement of the Keeble Lecture planners, making their path ever much water supply located? Who gave his in March. In reading her citation to easier than had been her own. name to the month of July? the more than one hundred attendees, Dy noted that her work had helped to Andrea Young has helped to bridge If you know the answers to those pioneer the integration of social and the divide between statutory planning questions, then you probably attended cultural considerations into the nation’s and social planning in a way that no the annual trivia night on Friday urban planning in several states. other social planner in Australia has 11 April. More than 100 planners done. Combining her ‘roots’ with descended on the Alliance Hotel Andrea was nominated for her her extensive knowledge of statutory in Spring Hill for an evening full enormous contribution to progressing planning, she has remained passionate of networking, fun and of course, acceptance of the discipline of social about community and has consistently knowledge sharing. planning as a valued and respected promoted the ways in which planning part of the planning process. Andrea can protect and support the rights and Armed with their general, or sometimes was the founding convenor of the needs of people in the community. obscure, knowledge of geography, PIA Social Planning Chapter in She has succeeded in providing robust history, music and even planning Queensland. Under her guidance and and practical planning solutions legislation, the planners who attended energy, the network and discipline while empowering and strengthening the trivia night were given a chance to grew substantially and the voice of communities, no mean feat. test themselves and for the fi rst time, compete for the inaugural trivia night trophy.

For those who were willing, there was even an opportunity to sing a song of their choice to a selection of words from the Sustainable Planning Act 2009.

Th e team from the Department of State Development Infrastructure and Planning hoisted the trophy at the end of the night.

Th e event this year was run in support Kate Isles, Andrea Young and Dy Currie of the Brisbane Youth Service with over $2,900 raised throughout the evening to help Brisbane Youth Service and the valuable work that they do. Th ank you to all who donated raffl e prizes in support of this event.

Th e Queensland Young Planners Group look forward to seeing you all again next year!

Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 – 3 News #PIAWAVE14 - I CAN’T WAIT...... ͞Kur profession Į nds itself at a point in Ɵ me where its relevance is oŌ en ƋuesƟ oned. It is also a Ɵ me of signiĮ cant change for Looking forward to catching up with old friends and our industry, with new Federal and State Governments, the hearing about the waves of change in the world of development of a new planning Act for Queensland, and a State planning. State Conference provides the opportunity to transiƟ oning to new planning schemes. listen to thought provoking speakers who challenge me to think about how I am dealing with current planning dhis provides us with a uniƋue opportunity to issues and to ensure that I am applying a best pracƟ ce reimagine our legacy, to reimagine what approach to all that I do. I highly recommend your planning might be like. I am looking forward aƩ endance at state conference͖ this is an event not to to a State conference that tests these issues and keeps me current with the signiĮ cant be missed! change in our industry. Amanda Pugh MPIA,

STEWART I am looking forward to a State conference Senior Strategic Planner, that tests these issues and keeps me AMANDA Western Downs Regional Couincil current with the signiĮ cant change in our industry.”

Stewart Pentland MPIA “I’m looking forward to some thought Director - Director of Planning provoking, topical presentaƟ ons from & Development our plenary speakers with Madonna King LEO Townsville City Council taking the charge, and in parƟ cular looking forward to hearing the bloke they call the poet of our generaƟ on - Rupert McCall “I’m encouraged by the energy of the program and strut his stuī and share his observaƟ ons its dynamic theming. Ƌually I am impressed by the on The Planner. topic diversity and I especially like the idea that RACs Royal Pines oī ers a family friendly I can choose a ‘wave’ that suits me. The venue, and it’s an ideal opportunity to content reŇ ects contemporary QLD planning bring the family to relax and wind down issues and reinforces to me that more now a liƩ le before heading back to Term ϰ.” than ever, planning maƩ ers”. Leo Jensen, FPIA CPP Jo Pocock MPIA Principal, Leo Jensen ConsulƟ ng Manager - Development Assessment Ipswich City Council Qld Planner of the Year 2013 “The Gold Coast provides the perfect backdrop for the in- JO dustry to look at how ‘we’ll ride the next wave in planning’ GAIL at a Ɵ me when we are working hard to make our city a beƩ er place to live through the DraŌ City Plan 201ϱ. “I am looking forward to experience the immediate joy of landing a yawning barrel! As Australia’s largest non-capital city, we are testament to the contribuƟ on that planning provisions make to the Planning is complex and having everything sustainable growth of a city. I look forward to sharing our in one place, so close to home is one of the ideas for achieving this over the long term and learning main factors of aƩ racƟ on for me͙As an more about how we can best deliver this in our changing aspiring planner, the opportunity to hear business.” from the respected professionals about their experiences in seeking to achieve beƩ er Gail Connolly MPIA THOMAS planning outcomes (riding the best wave!) is Director - Director of Planning and Environment paramount. I will deĮ nitely be aƩ ending YPQ Gold Coast City Council an opportunity to network with fellows YPs. Bring on the GC!!

Thomas ,olmes. MPIA (Student) Planning student, Griĸ th “PIA Queensland conferences are an University MELLINI opportunity to engage with pracƟ ce, de- velop networks, and reaĸ rm my interest in planning. As an academic, parƟ cipat- So what are you waiting for? ing in PIA helps to ensure my teaching Register now to take advantage of and research Ɵ e into the diverse needs of communiƟ es, and challenges faced by earlybird rates visit planners, across the state.” www.planning.org.au/qld and follow Mellini Sloane Lecturer, Urban & Regional Planning, the links! Queensland University of Technology See you on the GC!

4 – Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 News Conference 2014 – Your guide to riding the next wave in planning

Th e Gold Coast is our host city this year the planning profession. People includes • Forget the sand let’s hit the dirt and the from Wednesday 24 September to Friday us as individuals and as planners, our high road! (Ballina, Mackay, Regional 26 September, coinciding with school clients, our profession, our industry and Qld, National Policy, US) holidays to the delight of your families. the communities we serve. What is the next • Making new sandcastles (Brisbane City We will ease you into the intensive wave in understanding and building the Master Plan, Main Streets, Visioning) program by taking advantage of our capacity of our communities, our industry and our profession? • Bigger than sandcastles (City Plans, destination at a world class golf course on Torres Strait) the Gold Coast. An Ambrose Golf event Andrew Hammonds MPIA CPP, founder is being organised by National President- of Placefocus, will dive into the Place Midway through Th ursday afternoon we elect Brendan Nelson on Wednesday sub-theme, with a recipe for converting will break into the traditional program afternoon. For Young Planners, urban spaces into places and ultimately with all delegates heading out on Wednesday afternoon’s interactive destinations. What is the next wave interactive study tours. You will have the seminar will further develop the skills and in creating great places that people will choice of transport & destination; knowledge required to become valuable embrace, leave a lasting legacy and become • Foreshore - Spit – Surfers Paradise via members of our profession. global sensations? segways Prior to the welcome function, the Th e ‘how-to’ of the program is the • Light rail (trip and depot), Health DSDIP’s Deputy Director-General of concurrent sessions. Th ese received huge & Knowledge Centre (hospital), Planning and Property Group, Greg interest during our Call for Papers. Th ere Southport PDA via tram are sessions to suit everyone depending Chemello, will provide his opening • Waterways cruise, aquaculture, upon which wave you opt for; remarks on ‘From Regulator to Advisor - Th e canelands, cruise terminal, marine new wave of planning in Queensland.’ Th is • Wave 1 - Body Board (7 presentations, industry via boat will set the foundations for the conference each up to 10mins) and will provide an insight into the • North Gold Coast including Coomera • Wave 2 - Short board (5 presentations, changes occurring and what’s coming next. Town Centre, Award winning each up to 15mins) residential estates and the East Coomera After an evening of re-unions, we will • Wave 3 - Malibu (4 presentations, each Koala relocation strategy via coach launch into the program with leading up to 20mins) demographer, futurist and social Th ursday evening will be spent socialising commentator Mark McCrindle. Mark • Wave 4 - Surf School (interactive/ around the resort pool, and in the spirit of regularly appears on Sunrise, Today and participatory style) the upcoming Gold Coast Commonwealth ABC News 24, and will use the latest Th e topics of each Wave are diverse and Games, the evening will be a Mini- demographic data to give a snapshot the presentations themes varied - Olympics with games and surprises. of the changes, trends, challenges and • Stuck in the rip …? Riding the new Th e Spotlight will also be placed fi rmly on the opportunities for creating better policy wave out. (developing Utopia, the Gold Coast during a panel discussion communities. the change in Strategic planning, new of notable and highly regarded Gold Mark Peters, will speak on plan-making Industrial development, Development Coasters, facilitated by Madonna King. in his role as Chief Executive of the Gold Incentives, protecting Agricultural land) We have an opportunity prior to the Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games closing of the conference on Friday • Changing Tides (Health and resilience, Corporation. What is the next wave in to hear the inspiring words of Rupert Bushfi re Hazards, Climate Change, understanding the dynamics of how we plan, McCall OAM (wordsmith and poet), Aging population) who is involved and where the industry as a who has encapsulated the essence of ‘Th e whole is heading? • State of Origin - Does the sun shine Planner’. Th e fi nal word will be given brighter in Queensland? (Planning Riding the next wave in the People to Madonna King who will provide a legislation, Impacts of rural residential, sub-theme will be addressed by Amanda summary of the conference, with the Festival State) Newbery, founder of Articulous & expert event concluding in a formal dinner on communication strategist representing • Carving success through the wave of Friday evening. community, Russell Green former DA Reform (interactive session run by To check out the full program, abstracts Councillor & founder of RG Strategic, Councils DA managers) and biographies of the plenary speakers representing elected offi cials, and Robin • New Age (IT age, Cultural Change, plus much more, check out http://www. King Cullen LFPIA CPP founder of Skateboarding, Crowd-funding, planning.org.au/qld-conference- Planning Secrets - recording lessons Oceanway, Village Bike, Pictures) home or use your QR reader on from experienced planners, representing your smartphone. Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 – 5 News Planning Excellence Awards launch celebrates success Dan Molloy

Th e 28th annual Awards for Planning Excellence program was launched at Parliament House on 12 May. More than one hundred and fi fty people attended the event, which included the presentation of the Minister’s Town Planning Prizes and PIA’s Student Academic Prizes.

Assistant Minister for Planning Reform, Rob Molhoek MP attended and with vice-president David Hansen (standing in for an ill State President, Kate Isles) presented prizes to students from PIA accredited planning courses from universities throughout Queensland.

Th e Awards program recognises individuals, companies, community Griffith Uni Winners groups and public sector agencies for Entries close on 4 August 2014. Th e Th e annual Awards for Planning their innovation, leadership, excellence Awards Dinner will be held on Friday 7 Excellence program continues to enjoy and commitment to good planning. Th ey November 2014 at Victoria Park Golf the support of a range of sponsors. Th is showcase the high quality of planning Complex. Th e nomination kit provides year PIA is pleased to acknowledge the occurring in Queensland and assist in further details including the judging criteria following sponsors and supporters. promoting why planning matters and why and required submission material. Go to it is vital to a prosperous Queensland. http://www.planning.org.au/awards/qld

Gold: Queensland Government

Silver: Brisbane City Council

Sunshine Coast Council

Toowoomba Regional Council

Bronze: Allens Linklaters Lawyers

BBS Communications

City of Ipswich

Moreton Bay Regional Council

Powerlink

Supporter: CBP Lawyers

Buckley Vann Town Planning Consultants

Rob Molhoek, Stephen Whitaker (Best Overall Course Performance QUT) & David Hansen 6 – Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 Letters

Dear Editor these were subsequently endorsed Queensland population to identify by majority vote at the Brisbane the community’s shared values and As your readers will probably know, summit where there was a majority thereby enable Th e Queensland Plan to the state government has over the past of ‘sectional interest’ delegates. truly refl ect the shared aspirations of year been preparing a 30 year vision for Queenslanders. Queensland (Th e Queensland Plan). At Th e result of these process problems was the time of writing, a working draft has that the sectional-interest dominated (A more complete discussion of this issue been released for public comment but Brisbane summit endorsed by majority is at http://wp.me/P3uKOI-E) the plan has not yet been fi nalised. vote a vision drawn from the dominant themes in the ‘non-representative’ survey Sincerely While community engagement for Th e responses. Consequently, Th e Queensland Brian Feeney Queensland Plan was very extensive and Plan December 2013 working draft Gold Coast there was a genuine eff ort to involve the cannot be claimed to refl ect the May 2014 community, these good intentions were aspirations of the broader Queensland undermined by a number of signifi cant community. problems with the engagement process. Th e Queensland Plan online survey Th e most serious of these problems was with its self-selected respondents (i.e. that participants in the online survey of sampling bias) does not provide a reliable community opinions were self-selected. foundation for a truly deliberative Th e views of such a ‘convenience sample’ and representative dialogue about are highly unlikely to represent those of Queensland’s future. Th e starting the broader Queensland community. point for such a dialogue should Th erefore it cannot be claimed that the be a statistically valid survey of the survey results represent the aspirations of Queenslanders. Other problems with the community engagement were: 1. Selection of community delegates to the ‘summits’ at Mackay and Brisbane was by MPs rather than a SPA Signs more ‘arm’s length’ method 2. A majority of Brisbane summit delegates represented sectional Public Notification interests rather than being unaligned people drawn from the broader Signage Specialist community for Notifiable Code within Brisbane City Council 3. At the Mackay summit, selection or Impact Assessable applications of the questions to be used subsequently in the online servicing any locality in Queensland community survey was by majority vote rather than a more ‘consensus- in compliance with the Sustainable Planning seeking’ process Act 2009 (SPA) 4. Th e online survey questions tended to confi ne discussion about the CONTACT: Veronica Ford, future within a particular implicit Director vision/values framework Please call or email the 5. Th e wording of the survey questions Acknowledgement Notice for a proved to be so unclear that prompt answers were added after the fee estimate submission period had started 6. Th e dominant themes from the P: 07 3862 2426 ‘non-representative’ responses to the online survey were developed E: [email protected] into ‘focus areas and enablers’ and Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 – 7 )DVWHVWJURZLQJODZÞUPLQ$XVWUDOLD IRUWKHPRQWKVWR-DQXDU\ The Australian Financial Review Lawyers

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8 – Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 Plan Governance and planning systems in Australia: A case of needing to be shaken and stirred Jude Munro AO

Jude Munro gave the Keeble Lecture in March 2014. Th e Keeble Lecture honours Professor Lewis Keeble, fi rst Professor of Regional and Town Planning at the University of Queensland, National President of the Royal Australian Planning Institute, a leading member of the Australian Institute of Urban Studies and a member of the National Capital Planning Committee. He retired from the University of Queensland in 1980 and returned to England. He continued to contribute to town planning there. He passed away in 1994. Th is is the fi rst of a two part extract from the Keeble Lecture.

In thinking about our two biggest drivers of economic growth and largest capital cities, and , the Glen Searle FPIA, Jude Munro AO and Kate Isles MPIA Grattan Institute’s work of 2013 has been instructive. Th at work focused on the planning in the capital cities of Australia. economic development agencies largely problem in south-west Sydney and outer I was a member of the taskforce and do their own thing. Melbourne of there being too few jobs we visited and interrogated the State for the willing workforces in these areas. and Territory governments and local Secondly, State Treasuries may have Only 10% of all available metropolitan government in metropolitan Australia a commitment to long term fi nancial jobs are accessible to the Melbourne’s - Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, planning but Treasury’s long term outer and Sydney’s south western Adelaide, Canberra, Hobart and Darwin. fi nancial plans rarely complement residents. Th e Melbourne 2030 work of Our report was released by COAG to and underpin long term planning for a few years ago showed that with some the Federal Government in 2012. Our infrastructure and strategic planning for transport and urban planning tweaking, recommendations were constrained metropolitan areas. Sharing fi nancial not just Melbourne or Victoria’s GDP, by our terms of reference which knowledge and being open to discussion but Australia’s National GDP could be understandably had an eye to what would about metropolitan economies and lifted by 4%. And the work done for be acceptable to each of the States and development must replace the closed door South East Queensland by Dr Peter Brain Territories. Even with the somewhat and a simple wielding of the red pencil. showed that an extra 10 minute delay in constrained terms of reference, we found Th irdly, whole of government commuter times would lead to 30,000 that the planning for our capital cities was less jobs being created in Brisbane. Saul metropolitan planning is the lesser for not less than optimal and we recommended having a Minister who has its interest as Eslake has said our productivity has a body to pursue further research and to slipped backwards in Australia, by 10% a primary responsibility within whatever encourage sharing of best practice across over the last 10 years, particularly in the portfolio they have. What I am saying the States and Territories. public sector. is that the Minister doesn’t necessarily My own personal observations and have to be the Minister for Planning and Th ese four facts add up to something. fi ndings of the planning across the indeed perhaps shouldn’t be the Minister Something’s not quite right in overall nation, are fourfold. Firstly, State and for Planning. In NSW each region planning, the nexus between land use Territory Departments of Planning has a Minister as part of their overall and infrastructure planning, what I term have never been given a chance to co- responsibilities. Th eir role is to advocate ‘never on time’ infrastructure, especially ordinate planning across what might for the region in Cabinet discussions. transport infrastructure, and NIMBYism. be called line or the service delivery I am arguing for a stronger role than that, perhaps chairing a joint local and COAG Observations agencies. Th e underlying question being: how can we have integrated and co- State Government planning body which In 2010, the Council of Australian ordinated planning when we have these produces a metropolitan plan. However, Governments set up a taskforce chaired line agencies, such as health, education, I am not arguing for the setting up of a by Brian Howe to review the system of environment, transport, industry and Metropolitan Department or Authority. Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 – 9 Plan

Fourthly, in most jurisdictions, local in a city and what isn’t, and what can be Graham Sansom reviewing local government is ignored when it comes to aspired to. government in NSW. We have toured and the big planning questions. As a result, consulted widely over the last 17 months. Mayors and Councillors are relegated to In global terms, , Auckland Our report has now been handed to being seen as mostly a set of nuisance and Melbourne traditionally win the Minister Don Page. In a wide ranging advocates for their local Nimbys instead accolades for the world’s most liveable report we canvassed a range of problems of being metropolitan players that have cities. Th is view is based on surveys of and reforms, including addressing the been part of developing the strategies for executives and where they would prefer lack of strategic capacity in much of the the metropolitan area and can therefore to live based on factors such as health, local government system. A primary see local concerns within that larger education, transport, and access to the question has been the importance of picture or context. arts. Other cities such a Johannesburg strategic capacity in local government with its high personal and property crime and how to address the lack of strategic Brisbane has fi ve councils within the rates, City with its corruption capacity? metropolitan area, and it would be and diffi culties of accessing food so much easier to get them round a markets, Beijing with its air pollution, Th e 2007 report from the Queensland table to participate and drive aspects of and Moscow with its corruption come Government on Local Government metropolitan planning than in Sydney lower down on the liveable city scale Reform stated: with its 38 councils; Melbourne, despite their other wonderful attributes. 28 councils; Perth, 30 councils; and Th eir reputations are tarnished by the “Th e challenges confronting Adelaide, 19 councils. Local government Maslowian dissatisfi ers. Queensland in the coming decades needs to be restructured or at least re- require governments of all levels to be organised sub-regionally in order for such So in Australia we don’t have the size high capacity organisations with the participation to be meaningful. and scale of Moscow’s corruption, requisite knowledge, creativity and Johannesburg’s violence and property innovation to enable them to manage Local government has a key role to play. crimes, Beijing’s pollution, Mexico’s complex change….Th is requires a local Local Mayors within the cities of the police corruption, but we do have government structure which responds metropolitan and indeed other areas issues of transportation and inadequate to the particular characteristics of across Australia are the voice of their transport infrastructure. I referred to the regional economies emerging local communities but I believe they these earlier in discussing Sydney’s south- over the coming decades, recognising have another signifi cant role and that is west and Melbourne’s outer suburbs. communities of interest are developing to interpret global mega trends, national Many of these issues have arisen from our rapidly and diff erently across the economic drivers and metropolitan low density cities, political indecisiveness, regions due to improved transportation, strategies in ways to make it meaningful for example on the second Sydney telecommunications and economic for local businesses and residents. For airport, and the Federal Government’s interdependencies. Th is structure needs to those same residents and members of lack of interest in things metropolitan give rise to local governments capable of their households will also be commuters, arising from the view that they’re the responding to the sometimes quite diverse students, shoppers and leisure province of the State Government. Th e demands by these communities and be of participants across the metropolitan lack of a sizeable Federal Government a suffi cient size and scale to generate cost area. It’s no good the local council being contribution to transport infrastructure, effi cient and eff ective services. (p.5)” focused on creating a fortress - but rather including public transport, has been developing a vision for their suburbs to the Australian economy’s detriment. Our NSW Independent Local within the overall vision of a permeable, It is pleasing to see the new Federal Government Review Panel was often workable and liveable metropolis. Government’s support of funding road met by a sea of blank faces in addressing Mayors have a role in educating their infrastructure although the non-funding Councillors and council management on communities and not merely being an of major public transport infrastructure this issue of strategic capacity. We defi ned unthinking mouthpiece. such as the Melbourne underground or the key elements of strategic capacity as: Brisbane cross river rail and bus tunnel is • a robust revenue base with capacity Managing Communities and cities concerning. for discretionary spending, including I use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs when In 2000, I reported on Th e Economist’s the resources to cope with complex/ thinking about planning cities, and in and Mercer’s work which basically unexpected change particular, managing communities and described Australia’s 5 major mainland • scope to undertake new functions and cities. You have to get the basics right - capital cities as being in the top 15 most major projects the safety and security, the environment, liveable cities in the world. Th is slipped transport networks (all potential quite a bit over the following 8 years and • ability to employ a wide range of dissatisfi ers), and through education and then most of these same Australian cities skilled staff health systems up to the self actualising crept up the scale slightly due to some • knowledge, creativity and innovation arts and culture. I see it in three layers - Federal investment in infrastructure. the basics, the liveability factors and the • advanced skills in strategic planning self-actualising city. It’s a very helpful I have been a member of a three person and policy development framework for analysing what’s working independent panel led by Professor 10 – Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 Plan

• eff ective regional and sub-regional cocktail of recommendations have not collaboration been digested as yet. Th ey remain to be • credibility for eff ective advocacy shaken. • capable partner for State and federal As part of the NSW review of local agencies government I was exposed to the issues facing rural and remote Australia. For • high order political and organisational instance in Wilcannia in NSW, where leadership over 100 services are provided to just Enhanced strategic capacity can be on 800 residents. Service providers trip increased both by creating larger units over each other and an individual family of local government – the approach can have up to 12 diff erent care plans. favoured in Queensland – and through Councils do not collect enough money in regional collaboration and resource rates to run proper services, and in some sharing. Th e problem with the latter is cases to exercise governance functions that if it is voluntary it either will not properly. Th is certainly requires a major happen at all or if it does happen it will shakeup. not be sustainable. Jude Munro is a former CEO of 4 local In NSW and Victoria local Councils, councils in 3 Australian States, including most Mayors are elected by their fellow Brisbane City Council where she was Councillors for a one year term. As a CEO for 10 years up until 2010. She was result they do not have a community awarded an Order of Australia in 2010 for leader who is able to articulate a vision, her work in local government. they don’t have regional leadership, and in NSW’s case they have metropolitan Th e second part of the extract (edited by Sydney Councils ranging in population Glen Searle FPIA) will be published in the size from Hunter’s Hill with 13,000 Spring edition of Queensland Planner. residents to Blacktown with 320,000 residents.

Metropolitan Sydney’s planning, local governance and infrastructure provision is frankly problematic, or in the vernacular, a basket case. NSW local Councils have been constrained by rate-pegging and in other less obvious ways. Victorian local government has at least been through review and amalgamations some 20 years ago, but the issue of directly elected mayors has and continues to be a fraught one in that State.

Th e WA Government is pursuing amalgamations in Perth. Th e SA Government has involved local government in aspects of its metropolitan planning but become a bit too introspective in the last two years.

I chaired a review of the 10 Southern Tasmanian Councils, a review initiated by them. Th e panel which consisted of Saul Eslake and myself recommended an amalgamation of the 5 Hobart Councils The Planning Academy is now under the to create a greater Hobart Council of Buckley Vann umbrella and we're excited to 165,000 residents allowing them greater continue to deliver high-quality planning strategic capacity. We did not recommend courses and professional skills training! amalgamations of the rural Councils but rather they be supported with a range of functions by the Hobart Council. Our

Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 – 11 Plan Golden opportunity City of Gold Coast

As the Gold Coast continues to grow, balancing the city’s development with preservation of its enviable lifestyle and protection of its natural assets is a challenge that the City of Gold Coast is facing head on. In case you’ve missed it, the Gold Coast’s transformation has been underway for some time as the city gears up to host the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth GamesTM. Currently home to around 550,000 residents, we need to plan for an extra 185,000 people, 75,000 more homes and 85,000 more jobs between now and 2025. When we looked at those questions, foothills – from over development. we realised we needed to do things Th e development of our City Plan last In practice, this means we need to have diff erently if the Gold Coast is going year gave the City an opportunity to the right regulations as a council to to be a thriving economic centre think about the kind of city we want to encourage growth in locations that are with sustainable infrastructure that be in the future and how our planning already serviced by, or are planned to be also protects its local neighbourhood can infl uence the right outcomes. serviced by transport, water, sewerage attributes and natural assets. Mayor Tom Tate said the new plan will and waste facilities, open spaces and be the city’s biggest economic lever and Th is means we cannot be a city that recreation areas, the day to day services will reposition the Gold Coast to take full sprawls out into protected areas. We need that we need to access easily, and the right advantage of the signifi cant opportunities to build on the assets that we already have jobs in clever locations. or are planning for, and take advantage of ahead. What’s new? the opportunities that are coming our way. "Th e plan will give confi dence to business Th e very specifi c ways in which our Several immediate opportunities will to pursue development and create jobs," planning has shifted with this City Plan provide long-term economic benefi ts. he said. to a stronger centres-based approach For example, the development of our include: "It will give certainty to residents, Central Business District (CBD) in facilitating more homes and providing Southport and launch of the Light Rail • revitalising the city’s CBD, in for better transport connections, while network in 2014, as well as our planning Southport enhancing our Gold Coast lifestyle and for a successful Commonwealth Games • creating the right policy settings to protecting our natural assets. in 2018, will be integral to the City support growth on the Light Rail As our city grows and develops, it Plan and how it can secure real legacy corridor constantly changes. Th e Strategic outcomes for the city's future. • removing restrictions on building Framework we set out in the City Plan We therefore looked at the planning heights in the right areas to maintain needs to make sure these changes are the of our city in a new way – rather than and enhance our world-famous skyline right ones – the kind of changes that can focusing development on the city’s • encouraging the creation of specialist help us achieve our vision of the Gold fringe, we want to concentrate on centres for economic clusters Coast as a world-class city. infi ll development, to retain a higher • building on the assets and Our planning in the Strategic Framework percentage of new growth within the opportunities of the Gold Coast 2018 is shaped by a number of questions: existing urban footprint and to look at Commonwealth GamesTM where we can best accommodate more • What major developments will we see • creating the Gold Coast cultural growth to take advantage of infrastructure over the next 10 or 20 years? precinct. and services. • Where will we build and what Within that context, we also undertook Th is will create urban centres and infrastructure will be needed? to plan for the future of the Gold Coast revitalise key inner-city neighbourhoods, • What areas will be protected? around six city-shaping themes: while also protecting non-urban areas • What will our city look like and how – such as the hinterland and ranges and • creating liveable places will it function? 12 – Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 Plan

• making modern centres Ignoring traffi c congestion will result context of the place, whether urban, • strengthening and diversifying the in wider problems beyond annoying suburban or rural economy traffi c jams: lower productivity, lost time, • tailoring the city’s shape, transport higher vehicle and air pollution costs • improving transport outcomes systems, community facilities, and will impact the city’s community neighbourhoods and homes to attain • living with nature health and attractive lifestyle. And we aff ordable lifestyles over the long term. • a safe, well designed city. already know that the avoidable costs of Our cultural heritage Planning around these themes means the congestion have been quantifi ed by the Gold Coast can mature into a city that Commonwealth Bureau of Transport and Th e Gold Coast Cultural Precinct is a benefi ts from the economic opportunities Regional Economics (2007) to exceed $3 new approach to creating a city heart for of being on the world stage, while also billion per annum for Brisbane and the our cultural heritage, rather than leaving retaining the elements that make it a Gold Coast by 2020. it to develop organically. A strong focus on cultural heritage and urban design great place to live. Th e Gold Coast cannot build its way excellence also forms a vital element of out of congestion. Framed by the ocean Our centres any world-class city. on one side and the hinterland on the To achieve this, the City Plan designates other, we simply do not have room to Th e City Plan thinks about cultural a hierarchy of centres – mixed use centres accommodate the forecast increase in heritage in terms of the Gold Coast’s (CBD and Principal, Major and District road use over the next 10 to 20 years. places, buildings, landscapes, artefacts, centres) as well as specialist centres and Our City Plan is founded on a suite of memorabilia or stories told by our neighbourhood centres. How these transport options that will lessen the role pioneers. Conserving important cultural centres grow and change, and how we of private cars – because unless we change heritage buildings and places will have designated them in the hierarchy, the way we use our road infrastructure, maintain our rich diversity and unique depends on their current functions and the prosperity and liveability of the Gold Gold Coast character. Heritage tourism what we want them to be in the future. Coast will be jeopardised. will in turn support our City’s economy. Th is approach removes the risk of Th e City Plan sets out a vision that A practical approach to heritage duplicating business and community involves re-prioritising safety, mobility conservation will provide greater facilities and helps to make sure our and public transport to ensure streets, opportunities for adaptive re-use of centres remain prosperous, effi cient and centres and neighbourhoods are heritage places where this retains their viable places that are still well used and designed for people, not just cars. Th is signifi cant heritage value. appropriate for the community. Th e City means getting the most out of our road Further, the Gold Coast Cultural Precinct, Plan also plans for increased creative, infrastructure and prioritising active east of Bundall Road, will be the focal point lifestyle and cultural activities in centres. transport like walking and cycling. of the city’s cultural and creative activities Focusing on our centres allows us to meet Th e City Plan focuses on every trip made, and for civic and community purposes. the clear objectives of our six themes from local travel around neighbourhoods It will be well-connected through public while also supporting these places to to city-wide options that connect our transport and walking and cycling and will mature into more vibrant and appealing centres with effi cient public transport. support strong connections to and from urban places. Public areas will be safer Surfers Paradise, Chevron Island, Bundall and more attractive, and will be better Where we live and the Gold Coast Equestrian Centre. designed for working, walking and living. A growing and maturing Gold Coast Our planning regime Greater fl exibility will support centres as must still be able to accommodate every they grow into mixed use employment resident who wishes to live here. As we In advancing these outcomes, this City areas that facilitate economic growth and grow, we need to plan for all households Plan takes a fresh approach to the role attract skilled workers and investment. so that privately owned, rental and of planning regulation. Th e plan clearly stipulates development requirements and As part of this, some urban areas will socially rented housing options are prioritises the regulatory eff ort on those be renewed and transformed thanks available in well-located centres. outcomes that matter most to the future to transport investments, while other Our planning for housing will focus economic productivity and prosperity urban areas will be protected to maintain on an aff ordable, attractive and diverse and liveability of the Gold Coast. their existing character and amenity, or housing mix, with convenient access to business function. transport, employment, community, Our planning system will support the recreation and other services. right outcomes for the city, and allow us How we move around to deliver our vision of the Gold Coast We’re already home to over half a million Th e City Plan focuses on aff ordable as a world-class city, while also ensuring residents, and we’re visited by around 12 living opportunities – where aff ordability we support sensible, appropriate and million people every year. If we’re to garner comprises the initial and ongoing costs sustainable development in the right our reputation as a world-class city and a of housing including transport and locations. As the Gold Coast matures, it’s place that can hold international events and maintenance – by: a golden opportunity. continue to provide for the visitor economy, • increasing housing choice across the city For more information, visit effi cient access and connectivity is essential. • ensuring housing is appropriate to the cityofgoldcoast.com.au/cityplan2015 Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 – 13 Plan Temporary policy, permanent impact – rise of the three-storey behemoth John Rowell, MPIA

In May 2011, the Brisbane City Council (the council) adopted a Temporary Local Planning Instrument (TLPI) to guide residential development over land aff ected by the January 2011 Brisbane River fl ood. In March 2013, the TLPI was eventually adopted into the Brisbane City Plan, 2000 as the ‘Brisbane Interim Flood Response’.

Th is commentary focusses on some of the residential development that was approved under the TLPI. With the aid of the photo examples provided, the commentary is intended to highlight some of the pitfalls around a hastily Hedges Av comes to Brisbane adopted and inconsistently implemented temporary policy that, despite council’s these instances, now be providing cover those that deliberately choose to locate genuine intentions at the time of for more fl oor area (ie. ‘contents’) within within low density residential areas adoption, has resulted in a permanent the fl ood zone than they previously were. with the general presumption of one impact on the character and appearance to two-storey housing being the norm of some of Brisbane’s oldest character A temporary policy with a permanent and little deviation from this. But the suburbs. impact. An impact both visual and behemoth just witnessed, viewed from at complete odds with the intended the context of those adjoining one and Th e purpose of the TLPI was to allow purpose of the policy (ie. enhance two-storey neighbours either side, would Brisbane’s fl ood aff ected residents of the fl ood resilience), which threatens to perhaps go one step beyond the emotive January 2011 fl ood to rebuild and/or spread further as future development and property-value ramblings of their raise their houses to improve resilience applications seek to utilise the adjoining inner NIMBY. Th is could be borderline for any future events. It was a policy behemoth as a precedent for approval. FANBY – fi nd a new back yard! that gave confi dence to many of these residents, applying some lenience on I clearly remember the fi rst three-storey At the time I was an advocate of the existing height restrictions to achieve a behemoth I encountered. It stopped me TLPI. It seemed to primarily cater for certain level of fl ood immunity. in my tracks while walking to Chelmer existing houses on stumps to be raised train station one steamy morning in further to improve fl ood resilience and Th e problems resulting from the TLPI February, 2012. Th ere I stood, squinting there are many examples of houses that were not due to poor intention but poor up at the towering structure erected in did just this. But surely this policy was design and application of the policy. Th is front of me:- a free-standing, three-storey not intended to give these new-build, is evidenced by the large three-storey house reaching a total height of 10metres, three-storey behemoths ‘the quick tick’. houses, which are now dotted about some with a footprint enveloping almost the of Brisbane’s oldest low density suburbs. entire small lot. It had the bulk of a Feeling defl ated, thoughts turned to what Incongruous behemoths, dwarfi ng their three-storey 1970s unit block you might some of the local planning luminaries low density compatriots either side, as see in St Lucia or Dutton Park, but it were saying about Brisbane’s fl ooded depicted in the accompanying photo was just one house. No inner dwelling suburbs at the time. Th at these areas images. density targets being hit with this single- ought to be reclaimed and fl attened to family mega home. make way for much needed areas of inner Th e cruel irony is that a lot of these urban green space. Forests regrown. houses have not improved their fl ood Walking on, thoughts racing, I had ‘City Farms’, where show-white lambs resilience at all. Rather, they have fl ashbacks to some of my planning and and urban children in designer clothing capitalised on the inconsistent policy design subjects at university, to the frolic under the shade of a fl ying fox interpretation and decision-making following years spent defending urban colony. I paused to take in the history of which can come from hastily-adopted design principles, most vociferously the community I was within. Of long- temporary policy, in a bid to maximise as a council planning offi cer. Th e established schools, churches, houses, building height and footprint. An importance of form and scale and train stations and thought, no way, sanity insurance company would, in some of managing expectations of residents, must prevail. 14 – Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 Plan

Fast forward around a year and to one particular announcement related to the Draft (New) Brisbane City Plan. Th e ‘success’ of the 9.5 metre height within the TLPI had given council cause to propose its expansion across all of Brisbane’s low density residential areas. To think, all those appeals in the P&E court over recent years. Aggrieved residents in suburbs like Paddington and Hamilton, fi ghting it out over additional 0.25 metre height off ences above the 8.5m, ‘destroying’ their city glimpses. Wait until they see the three-storey behemoth.

Th ankfully, my understanding of the latest draft City Plan is that this policy has now been refi ned to allow 9.5metres but restricted to a maximum of two- storeys. Th e additional height allowance put in place to promote interesting roof/ building design fl exibility rather than the Sky’s the limit bulk of an additional third storey. 46 timber and tin houses, will mark a behind this. But it serves as a reminder So it seems, with policy refi nements period in time and showcase the unique why the majority of planning policy along the way, we’ll be left with just a few character of some of Brisbane’s low is not adopted quickly – because good suburbs where the three-storey behemoth density suburbs. Future neighbourhood policy is scrutinised upon with the aid was briefl y allowed to thrive and leave its plans with ‘BFG precincts’ where the of public notifi cation to, amongst many permanent marking within a low density three-storey home, particularly where other things, examine the ‘workability’ residential setting. Th ese areas will be left located on a small lot to exacerbate the of a policy and help identify potential as a reminder that temporary policy can rather unique height-to-width ratio of the loopholes and inconsistencies within. lead to permanent impact. detached dwelling, will be protected. For this reason, TLPI’s should remain an exception to the rule and used In time, perhaps we will come to revere Th e TLPI was adopted quickly because with caution with appropriate the three-storey behemoth? A Big it had to be. Th ere is no disputing consideration given to any long- Friendly Giant which, like our pre- council’s genuine intent and reasoning term, permanent impact.

Onwards and upwards Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 – 15 Gold Coast on the move

Queensland’s first light rail system is going live UÊ £Îʎ“ÊÀœÕÌiʏˆ˜Žˆ˜}Ê Àœ>`Li>V ÊÜˆÌ ÊÌ iÊœ`Ê œ>ÃÌÊi>Ì Ê>˜`ʘœÜi`}iÊ*ÀiVˆ˜VÌ UÊ £ÈÊÃÌ>̈œ˜ÃÊVœ˜˜iVÌi`ÊLÞÊ£{ÊÌÀ>“Ã]ÊÀ՘˜ˆ˜}ÊiÛiÀÞÊviÜʓˆ˜ÕÌià UÊ œÕÀÊ ÊÃÌ>̈œ˜ÃÊÃiÀۈ˜}ÊLÕȘiÃÃ]ÊÀiÌ>ˆ]Êi˜ÌiÀÌ>ˆ˜“i˜ÌÊ>˜`ÊÀiÈ`i˜Ìˆ>Ê˜ii`Ã°Ê Our CBD is open for business UÊ -œÕÌ «œÀÌ]ÊÌ iÊVˆÌÞ½ÃÊ ]ʈÃʘœÜÊ>Ê+Õii˜Ã>˜`ÊœÛiÀ˜“i˜ÌÊ*ÀˆœÀˆÌÞÊ iÛiœ«“i˜ÌÊÀi> UÊ œ`Ê œ>ÃÌÊ ˆ˜>̜ܘʈÃÊÌ>Žˆ˜}Êà >«i]Êi˜ >˜Vˆ˜}ÊVՏÌÕÀ>Ê`ˆÛiÀÈÌÞʈ˜ÊÌ iÊ UÊ / iÊfÈäʓˆˆœ˜Ê Àœ>`Ü>ÌiÀÊ*>ÀŽ>˜`ÃʈÃʜ«i˜ÊvœÀÊÀiVÀi>̈œ˜]Êi˜ÌiÀÌ>ˆ˜“i˜ÌÊ>˜`ÊëœÀÌ°

The Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games™ is on the way UÊ iÜÊœ`Ê œ>ÃÌʵÕ>̈VÊ i˜ÌÀiÊÌœÊ œÃÌÊÓä£{Ê*>˜Ê*>VˆwVÊ-܈““ˆ˜}Ê >“«ˆœ˜Ã ˆ«Ã UÊ 7œÀŽÃÊvœÀÊ œ““œ˜Üi>Ì Ê>“iÃÊ6ˆ>}iÊ՘`iÀÜ>Þʜ˜Ê>Êә°{Ê iVÌ>ÀiÊ-œÕÌ «œÀÌÊÈÌi UÊ iÛiœ«“i˜ÌÊ>˜`ÊÕ«}À>`iÃʜvÊv>VˆˆÌˆiÃÊ>VÀœÃÃÊÌ iÊVˆÌÞ]Ê«ÀœÛˆ`ˆ˜}Ê>ʏ>Ã̈˜}ʏi}>VÞ°Ê $13.7 billion in major infrastructure projects are planned or underway UÊ / iʘiÜÊf£°ÇÈÊLˆˆœ˜Êœ`Ê œ>ÃÌÊ1˜ˆÛiÀÈÌÞʜëˆÌ>ÊˆÃʘœÜʜ«i˜ UÊ *>VˆwVÊ>ˆÀʈÃÊ՘`iÀ}œˆ˜}Ê>ÊfÈÇäʓˆˆœ˜ÊÀi`iÛiœ«“i˜ÌÊ>˜`ÊiÝ«>˜Ãˆœ˜Ê̜Ê{ÓäÊÃ̜Àià UÊ / iÊ܈˜˜ˆ˜}Ê`iÈ}˜Ê >ÃÊLii˜ÊÃiiVÌi`ÊvœÀÊÌ iÊœ`Ê œ>ÃÌÊ ÕÌÕÀ>Ê*ÀiVˆ˜VÌ UÊ *>˜ÃÊvœÀÊ>Êfxääʓˆˆœ˜Ê7iÃÌwi`Ê`iÛiœ«“i˜ÌÊ>ÌÊ œœ“iÀ>Ê/œÜ˜Ê i˜ÌÀiÊ>ÀiÊ՘`iÀÜ>Þ°

ˆ˜`ʜÕÌʓœÀiÊ>LœÕÌʜÕÀʍœÕÀ˜iÞÊ>ÌÊcityofgoldcoast.com.au/cityplan2015

Building our city, enhancing our lifestyle CGC10556

16 – Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 Plan The value of managing coastal erosion on the Gold Coast John McGrath and Rodger Tomlinson

Value of Gold Coast Beaches Sensationalist Media Coverage Gold Coast beaches support a signifi cant Th e impact of the 1967 erosion was component of the regional economy dramatised in the press and exaggerated on and have earned the city an enviable television. Th e media message was that the reputation as a premier tourist destination Gold Coast was ruined. It took until 1971 and the best place to live. Th e extent of for natural recovery of healthy beaches. beachfront development is a testament Because of slow recovery and sensationalist to the value of our ocean beaches. Th e media coverage, tourists stayed away and environmental, social and economic it took three years to restore the rate of benefi ts and services provided by Gold growth for the economy. Coast beaches highlight the importance of proactive erosion management. Economic Impact of Erosion Shoreline Processes Th e economic impact experienced due Palm Beach erosion in 2009 to past storm events was assessed and Th e Gold Coast is a high-energy translated into today’s economy. A 1 in shoreline that experiences erosion from Interdecadal Pattern of Severe 25 year event cost the Gold Coast 13% large storm events. Th e maximum wave Storms of tourism dollars ($423 million in 2014 height recorded by off shore buoys is 17 dollars). A minor event, of say 1 in 5 m. Sand moves both north and south Th e pattern of severe storms experienced years Average Recurrence Interval (ARI), along beaches in response to incoming on the Gold Coast includes series of is estimated to cost $65 million. wave energy. In an average year, there is successive storm events occurring over a net northwards sand transport rate of interdecadal periods (10-15 years) 500,000 m3 per year, which is amongst intermixed with periods of mostly calmer the largest littoral transports on earth. weather. Th is clustered pattern of severe Th ere are also cross-shore movements storms results in periods of frequent of sand, with sand moving off shore into beach erosion intermixed with calmer storm bars during major storm events periods of wide and stable beaches. and returning onshore during periods of calmer weather between storms. Despite Erosion History the dynamic nature of sand movements, A series of major storm events between the underlying Gold Coast shoreline 1933 and 1936 cut through the position has been relatively stable since Southport Spit near the Southport SLSC Coastal Erosion at Broadbeach in 1967 the end of the last major period of sea and early protective timber seawalls Erosion Prone Areas level rise 3,000 years ago. were constructed to protect beaches from erosion at Coolangatta, Kirra, Some Gold Coast buildings have been Narrowneck and Currumbin. After built upon land that is at risk of coastal further erosion in the 1950’s, Gold Coast erosion. Beachfront property owner beaches experienced very severe erosion response to 1967 storms was to take in 1967 when fi ve cyclones and multiple piecemeal action to protect their property east coast low pressure systems hit the using car tyres, rocks, concrete blocks and Gold Coast in one year removing most of old car bodies. the sand from Gold Coast beaches. Th e wide sandy beaches of previous decades “vanished” from the visible beach, with Tropical Cyclone Dinah (January 1967 category 4) causing severe erosion. Further erosion in 1974 reminded the community of the value of managing coastal erosion. Recent severe years for beach erosion include 2009, 2012 and Nobby's Beach following erosion caused by Ex tropical Cyclone Oswald in 2013 2013. Ad-hoc coastal protection at Surfers Paradise in 1967 Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 – 17 Plan

Delft Report Th e Queensland Government fi nalised the Delft Report in 1970, which outlined a program of shoreline protection works for Gold Coast beaches including a whole of coastline seawall, groynes and other coastal control structures, the training and bypassing of the Nerang River Entrance and extensive beach nourishment. Major Coastal Works

Major Coastal Works completed since the Gold Coast Seawall 1970 Delft Report for the Gold Coast required to complete seawall construction of stakeholders. Key actions include the include for their property before commencing drafting of plans for surf management • stabilisation of the Gold Coast Seaway other development. Th e City constructs and commercial activity. Th e Strategy including a sand bypass, sections of seawall that protect public land. includes four strategic outcomes: • a sand bypass for the Tweed River, Gold Coast Shoreline 1. Everyone can enjoy a beach experience • entrance stabilisation works and Management Plan 2. Our beaches are healthy and clean dredging for Tallebudgera and 3. Our infrastructure is protected from Currumbin creeks, As an extension of the Delft Report coastal hazards recommendations, the Griffi th Centre • groynes for Kirra Point, Miles Street 4. Th ere is joint stewardship of the ocean for Coastal Management (GCCM) was and Palm Beach, beaches. engaged by City of Gold Coast (City) • beach nourishment for both northern to prepare the Gold Coast Shoreline Three Point Plan for Coastal and southern beaches, Management Plan (GCSMP). Council Protection • an artifi cial reef at narrowneck and endorsed the GCSMP in November A series of storm events eroded beaches • sections of the Gold Coast seawall. 2010. Th e GCSMP identifi es a total of during the early months of 2013. In 77 recommendations to improve the Gold Coast Seawall response, the City endorsed a 'Th ree health of Gold Coast beaches including Point Plan for Coastal Protection' Th e Gold Coast Seawall, 16m across policy, major capital works, operational to bring forward 30 years of beach and 6m high with a 1:1.5 front slope, is works, design and management protection projects. Th e City has constructed along urban sections of the guidelines, natural asset management, recently extended Kirra Point Groyne coastline and costs around $4,500 per community engagement, resourcing, and and is continuing to work with the metre to construct. Th e seawall alignment future studies. State Government to support the plan's (known as the A-Line in the City’s implementation including planning codes) was selected to pick up Ocean Beaches Strategy as many of the older seawalls as possible. In 2012 Council adopted the Ocean 1. completion of the Gold Coast Th e seawall consists of three layers, armour Beaches Strategy 2013-23 as an seawall, boulders up to 4 tonnes, secondary armour overarching transformational strategy that 2. Burleigh to Kurrawa shoreline up to 360 kg and a clay shale foundation makes clear the need to manage beaches protection and layer. Beachfront property owners are in consultation with a complex group 3. Northern beaches shoreline protection. Th e northern beaches shoreline will be maintained through a sand backpassing pipeline from the Gold Coast Seaway to Narrowneck and stabilised through a top-up campaign to place additional mega-sized geotextile containers onto Narrowneck Reef. Th e three point plan also lists shoreline protection works for Palm Beach. Crowd Sourcing Coastal Innovation for New York In response to Hurricane Sandy (2013),

Gold Coast Shoreline OceOceanean Beaches ThreeThree Point Plan for a grassroots committee of young Management Plan Strategy CoastalCtlPtti Protection emerging architects from Long Island 18 – Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 Plan and New York City sought to “Crowd- Source” creative and innovative designs to increase the resilience of beachfront neighbourhoods. Reputation of Beach Nourishment Investment Nourishment often has a poor reputation as an eff ective method for increasing the resilience to erosion. Th e incorrect perception of some investors is that there is a high risk that sand pumped onto an eroded beach will just wash away and hence be a waste of money. Th e range of reputations for beach nourishment is illustrated by the following documents 3C Competition New York from New York and the :

1/ New York City Department of Planning has published a draft “Urban Waterfront Adaptive Strategies” document that indicates that beach nourishment makes no contribution towards erosion protection (nourishment is temporary cosmetic value and the priority for erosion investment is seawalls).

2/ Th e Dutch have branded their coastal expertise manual “Building with Nature” which celebrates their view of beach nourishment as the preferred investment for erosion protection. Beaches Future NYC Planning - Urban Waterfront Adaptive Strategies Gold Coast beaches need to be maintained, protected and where necessary, actively managed to ensure future generations are able to enjoy them. Beach nourishment is a proven method for increasing the resilience of Gold Coast beaches to erosion and is a desirable method to ensure healthy sandy beaches along the Gold Coast seawall. Th e reputation of beach nourishment’s ability to reduce erosion impact will infl uence whether beach nourishment receives support. It is desirable that investors and other key stakeholders trust the advice of coastal experts that beach nourishment is a cost eff ective method of increasing the resilience of Gold Coast beaches to storm Dutch Building with Nature erosion. Links Ocean Beaches Strategy www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/oceanbeachesstrategy John McGrath is Executive Coordinator, Delft Report for Gold Coast Beaches http://www.goldcoast. Three Point Plan for Coastal Protection http://www.goldcoast. Drainage and Foreshore, Engineering qld.gov.au/the-delft-reports-delft-hydraulics-laboratory- qld.gov.au/three-point-plan-for-coastal-protection-17451.html netherlands-11014.html Comprehensive Coastal Communities Competition http:// Services, City of Gold Coast and Rodger Gold Coast Seawall http://www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/ www.3ccompetition.org/ Tomlinson is Professor and Director, documents/bf/fs-A-line-Seawall.pdf NYC Department of City Planning – Urban Waterfront Griffi th Centre for Coastal Gold Coast Shoreline Management Plan http://www.goldcoast. Adaptive Strategies http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/ qld.gov.au/gold-coast-shoreline-management-plan-executive- sustainable_communities/sustain_com7.shtml Management, Griffi th University, summary-11110.html Dutch Building with Nature http://www.ecoshape.nl/ Gold Coast Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 – 19 Plan Environmental offsets under the draft Gold Coast City Plan 2015: A south-east Queensland context Samantha Ward

Gold Coast City Council has publicly the draft City Plan, Gold Coast City within the Queensland Government released the draft Gold Coast City Council joins a number of other Local Environmental Off sets Policy (QGEOP), Plan 2015 - the city’s new version Government Areas (LGAs) within the Koala Conservation State Planning of the planning scheme, which has south-east Queensland, including Logan, Regulatory Provisions, and the Council been prepared in accordance with the Brisbane, Sunshine Coast, Toowoomba, of Mayors SEQ Interim South East Queensland Planning Provisions (QPP). and Redland. Queensland Regional Environmental In addition to the changes resulting from Off sets Framework. the QPP format, the draft City Plan Th e off set policies developed by also includes a formalised requirement Local Governments within south- Th e relevance of environmental off sets to for environmental off sets. Th rough the east Queensland (SEQ) are generally land owners, developers and development inclusion of off set provisions within consistent with the approaches outlined professionals is particularly signifi cant following the elevation of overlay provisions over zoning under the QPP. As a result of this hierarchical change, areas previously designated for urban uses may now be constrained by values which could require environmental off sets to enable a development to proceed.

Under the Environmental Off sets Policy within the draft Gold Coast City Plan 2015, environmental off sets will be used to “counterbalance unavoidable negative impacts on environmental values resulting from development or an activity”. Th is objective has been developed to facilitate the overarching goal of achieving a net gain in native vegetation within the city by 2040. Th e off set policy has been designed to address the off set of values signifi cant at a Local Government level and is not intended to duplicate off sets required by either the State or Federal Government.

Off sets under the Environmental Off sets Policy are governed by eight principles relating to key matters such as regulatory compliance, impact avoidance, off set results, off set locations, timing, additionality, tenure and off set responsibility. All environmental off set proposals under the Gold Coast City Plan 2015 will need to demonstrate how they conform to these principles in the fi rst instance.

Similar principles have been articulated in other SEQ planning scheme off set policies, which refl ect the overarching off set principles established within the QGEOP. Th is consistent approach in stipulating the key requirements for the provision of off sets has created a 20 – Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 Plan standardised expectation regarding the appropriate use and implementation of off sets at a Local and State Government level. Th is unifi ed approach is expected to be particularly benefi cial to those applicants working between various LGAs and/or levels of government. However, despite the consistency exhibited in off set principles, there are a number of key concepts relating to assessment and implementation in which off set policies vary between SEQ planning schemes.

Under the draft Gold Coast City Plan 2015 four nature conservation overlay maps associated with environmental values have been provided, including Biodiversity Areas, Vegetation Management, Priority Species, and Wetlands and Watercourses. It is important to note that environmental off sets are not available for all values It is important to note that the approach to recognise the complexity of the mapped on these overlays. Only certain to identifying values to be off set and communities and values to be off set. specifi c values shown on the Vegetation off set calculations used by Gold Coast For example, Logan City Council has Management and Priority Species overlay City Council is specifi c to the draft Gold developed an off set formula that includes maps may be off set – medium value Coast City Plan 2015. Each Council an ‘Ecological Index’ to evaluate the vegetation and koala feed and shelter trees has developed their own method for condition of clearing and off set sites, respectively. However, the availability of determining which values should be whilst Brisbane City Council utilises a off sets for these values is further restricted off set and how off set obligations are to be decision tree approach to determine the to where they occur outside of mapped calculated. off set ratio based on the values present. Biodiversity Areas. All other values identifi ed on the nature conservation Although all SEQ planning scheme off set Th e variation in off set policies between overlay maps cannot be off set under the policies contemplate off sets for the loss diff erent planning schemes has the Environmental Off sets Policy. of signifi cant environmental values, the potential to lead to confusion in methodology and data inputs that have the development of off set strategies, As a result of the limited application of been used to determine signifi cance vary particularly where working across the off set policy, there are large areas between LGAs. Consequently, there multiple LGAs. Off set obligations of the city in which the policy does is no consistency between mapping of have the ability to signifi cantly impact not apply to potential impacts. Th ese signifi cant values within the region, development feasibility and planning, predominantly include vegetated areas with overlay maps diff ering between hence it will be essential that applicants associated with the city’s hinterland spine, each planning scheme. Furthermore, and development professionals have an urban fringes and critical corridors (which the emphasis placed on mapped versus early awareness of the environmental connect the coast to the hinterland). ground-truthed environmental values also constraints that apply to their sites. A While most of these areas are located varies between schemes (for example, the detailed understanding of the diff erences outside of the urban footprint, there are wording of the draft Gold Coast City Plan in how these constraints must be also areas within the urban footprint to 2015 expressly refers to off setting mapped managed and/or off set in a particular which the off set policy will not apply. values, whilst other planning schemes LGA will also be crucial to ensure that Potential signifi cant confl icts between the include more defi nitive provision for off set requirements can be accurately zoned land use and environmental values ground-truthing their overlay mapping). factored into development planning as exist in these locations. early as possible so as to avoid potentially In addition to a divergence in the In areas where off sets are permitted, signifi cant unplanned costs or project methods used to identify signifi cant delays. Gold Coast City Council has adopted values, the approaches used to calculate a straightforward ratio-based approach off set obligations also varies between Samantha Ward is a Principal at Element to off set calculations. Medium Value Local Governments. While Gold Ecology Pty Ltd with 13 years experience 2 vegetation is to be off set at a ratio of 3m Coast City Council has elected to use a in ecology and environmental planning 2 for every 1m of mapped Medium Value simplifi ed ratio-based calculation derived within the public and private sectors. vegetation impacted, while Koala feed solely from the extent of impact, other and shelter trees are to be off set at a ratio Councils within SEQ have implemented samantha.ward@elementecology. of 5 trees for every 1 tree impacted. alternative approaches in an attempt com.au

Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 – 21 People Serious fun City of Gold Coast

Around the world, cities are looking To realise that vision, during 2013 Outdoors, the design depicts dignifi ed to cultural development projects to the city challenged the world’s civic spaces including a terrace and drive economic and social change. And designers through an international amphitheatre, and a magnifi cent curated little wonder. Success stories, such as design competition, informed by a Artscape, making good use of the city’s Bilbao in , home to Frank Gehry’s comprehensive design brief. Th e fi rst acclaimed sub-tropical climate. A planned Guggenheim Museum, have become stage saw seventy-fi ve multi-disciplinary green bridge will provide a pedestrian and beacons for the transformational powers design teams respond with submissions. cycle connection between the precinct of art and culture. Th ree were shortlisted for the design- and Chevron Island, which, in turn, links intensive second stage. Evandale with Surfers Paradise and the Closer to home, Hobart’s Museum of soon-to-open Light Rail system. A water Announced at ‘Th e Reveal’ exhibition Old and New Art (MONA) last year ferry terminal is also proposed for the site. helped propel Australia’s least-populous of entries on 21 November 2013, the State capital into the Lonely Planet winning concept, by ARM Architecture Possibly most surprising are the Guide’s Top 10 Cities. Hobart’s ranking + Topotek1, has been described by Gold inclusion of a skate park, sports arena, at number seven – among giants like San Coast Mayor, Tom Tate, as ‘breathtaking’. enhancements to the existing Evandale Francisco, Amsterdam and Beijing – is But the design also builds on the city’s lake, children’s playgrounds and a bungy testament to the ability of the arts and widely-acknowledged reputation for fun. jump from the Art Tower. culture to harness creative energy and “While the core visual and performing arts draw worldwide attention. “Colourful, playful and inclusive, the design draws its inspiration from the city spaces are essential to the city, and to the But such signifi cant investments itself,” Mayor Tate said, adding that it design, it is the fact that the precinct will in cultural infrastructure do not in should be regarded as ‘serious, but fun’. off er something for everyone which will be key to its success,” Mayor Tate said. themselves guarantee benefi cial change. With a nominal price tag of $305 Th ere are many secrets to success, million, the concept incorporates a “It has the potential to put out the and often many years of research and colourful art tower, ranking among only welcome mat to everyone to come and planning - something which is clearly a handful of other vertical exhibition enjoy the precinct and engage with the understood by the team behind one buildings throughout the world, full diversity of Gold Coast creativity.” of Australia’s most eye-catching and including the Eiff el Tower, Anish Mayor Tate said he expected the project ambitious cultural projects. Kapoor’s Olympic Tower in London, and would transform and enrich the Gold the New Museum of Contemporary Art City of Gold Coast has a vision for a Coast and contribute to the City Plan and Guggenheim Museum in New York. landmark cultural precinct on almost 17 vision of the Gold Coast as a world-class hectares of land at Evandale – currently Rejuvenated and expanded performing city. It will also promote the city as a home to the City’s civic chambers, arts facilities are also envisaged, including ‘must-visit’ cultural tourism destination, administration, and a much-loved but theatres, cinemas, rehearsal, production supporting its broader cultural economy bursting-at-the-seams arts centre. and meeting places. and creative industries and providing new arts and creative job opportunities. “Th e project is vital to the development of arts and culture on the Gold Coast,” Mayor Tate said. “But it is also about creating a civic heart where people can come together to engage with arts, culture and each other.” To support the Gold Coast’s artistic talent, creative spirit and cultural networks, the City also has a new Gold Coast Culture Strategy 2013 – 2023 to guide the approach to cultural investment and activity over the next 10 years, promising during that time that the city will ‘challenge perceptions and uncover a depth and richness of creativity Photo image by ARM Architecture on the Gold Coast.’ 22 – Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 People

Th rough four strategic outcomes the Strategy envisages a city where: • culture is distinctly Gold Coast • culture is ‘everyday’ • the community values its cultural heritage • creativity creates opportunity. Coordinated planning led by the City, throughout the Gold Coast, has brought greater clarity of purpose and focus to where funding and eff ort should be invested to build cultural life and economy.

First, the City of Gold Coast is Photo image by ARM Architecture identifying early works that can be fast tracked so that Evandale can play And, it seems, that yearning has a pivotal role for cultural, ceremonial prompted action from a youthful city and celebratory activities when the which is not afraid of big ideas. Gold Coast hosts the Gold Coast 2018 Australian demographer Bernard Salt Commonwealth Games™. once acknowledged the Gold Coast’s uniqueness and determination, observing And to maximise the Games’ legacy, the that the city emerged in the latter city has assembled a single team for arts decades of the 20th Century ‘because the and cultural development to provide Australian people willed it into existence’. leadership, curatorial vision and strategic direction. Internationally-acclaimed It was, perhaps, this distinctly-Gold artist Robyn Archer AO, fresh from her Coast entrepreneurial and egalitarian fi ve-year role as Creative Director for the nature which led members of the Centenary of Canberra (2013) and former competition Jury to unanimously select Artistic Director of the National Festival the winning concept for the Gold Coast’s of Australian Th eatre, the Adelaide and future cultural precinct. Melbourne International Arts Festivals, and Tasmania’s Ten Days on the Island, Th e Jury Report describes the submission Photo image by ARM Architecture by ARM Architecture + Topotek1 as: has been appointed as the City’s new to basketball playing to opera going, to “A bold and inclusive reimagining Strategic Advisor for Arts and Culture. the theatre, to a wonderful vertical art of what a cultural precinct might be, gallery,” Professor Sorkin said. Th is bundling of cultural direction, seeking to engage the widest possible energy and activity led this year to the demographic… this submission embraces “I think it is a gift to the Gold Coast.” creation of the fi rst GLOW festival, the full diversity of Gold Coast and based at Evandale. Th is niche festival – a Queensland culture.” Competition Jury Chair and Head of celebration of light under the stars – the School of Architecture at Griffi th attracted around 5,000 people to the site “Both aesthetically and pragmatically this University Gold Coast, Professor Gordon of the future cultural precinct. submission’s core proposition assumes a Holden, believes the precinct has the high level of interaction, considered yet potential to make a ‘signifi cant impact on And, in what must surely prove the Gold playful, between the precinct’s creative Australia’s and the world’s imagination, Coast has its own take on creativity, in early program and a wide mix of outdoor and could become ‘an exemplar for May Opera Australia, in partnership with recreational activities. In this way it will artistic and cultural diversity’. the city’s Bleach Festival, turned popular become both a striking new landmark Greenmount Beach into a stage to host Th e and a growing and evolving precinct that Mayor Tate agrees: “Delivering a world- Magic Flute in Opera on the Beach. welcomes all.” class cultural precinct on the Gold coast fulfi ls a moral obligation to give the city’s Juror and internationally respected Th ese sample events support a 2012 spirit a place to live and thrive,” Mayor architectural academic and author cultural audit which found that while there Tate said. Professor Michael Sorkin describes the was no shortage of culture and creative scheme as ‘compulsive’. “It will be the biggest and most enduring activity on the Gold Coast, there was a legacy this generation will give to the next.” compelling need and community yearning “It takes in the whole site. It is incredibly for a cultural precinct as a centre for artistic energetic. It is very complex and For more information, visit engagement and creative production. embraces activities from skateboarding goldcoastculturalprecinct.info Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 – 23 24 – Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 People Cliff Willmett – A different type of planner Peter Shilton

Th e death in March of Cliff Willmett waterside storage and trans-shipment Cliff left the Council in 1997, and was represented the loss of one of business was quarantined from the head-hunted by the Department of Queensland’s most experienced planners obvious corruption and attendant high Natural Resources for his skills in the new and a great friend to many. costs of a monopoly market. Integrated Planning Act (IPA). Cliff ’s knowledge and experience of IPA during Born in South Australia in 1947, Cliff By 1980 Cliff completed a Bachelor of its development, implementation and worked for the Woodville City Council Arts in Planning degree from the South revision was extraordinarily detailed and in the late 1960s. In 1972, a year after Australian Institute of Technology. insightful, and he became the source of his marriage, Lynn and Cliff moved to From 1983 , he worked as a senior town advice for many regional offi cers in the Gladstone where, as a council planning planner in the Brisbane City Council department. offi cer, he developed an abiding interest where he undertook ground-breaking in industrial land use planning. work in attracting industrial development Cliff proved to be a dogged and to Brisbane and developing town successful advocate for the department In 1974, the family moved to planning guidelines for industrial land in achieving changes to IPA to better Brisbane. Cliff studied for a Diploma uses – guidelines that remain the basis refl ect it and the department’s interests in Social Planning at the University for Council’s industrial land use planning and intents. However, his sense of of Queensland. In 1975 he took up a approach. humour always shone through as when position at Townsville City Council, he presented the head of DNR’s Land funded by the Australian Assistance Plan, Projects included the Gateway Ports and Regional Planning Unit with a real to help local communities have a say Strategy and the development of the hammer inscribed with the words “IPA in their region. When the funding was intermodal transportation facilities at Implementation Kit, apply as required” – withdrawn in 1977, the family moved to Parkinson. Parkinson highlights the to crack the IPA nut. Darwin. planners’ foresight in identifying the area’s industrial potential based on future Cliff was also briefed the Minister on the Cliff was one of the fi rst planners to work upgrades of the motorway and the land resource implications of the closure in Darwin following Cyclone Tracey. extension of nearby railway connections. of the Moreton sugar mill in Nambour; Land use planning was still subject to the seconded to the regional planning team Darwin Reconstruction Act, there was no Cliff developed the reputation of a that prepared the South East Queensland statutory town plan, and aside from Cliff planning sleuth (‘secret agent Willmett’ plan; and, awarded the Fenwick Prize for there were few experienced planners. displaying his genius for networking, overall state-wide excellence for his role developing productive and trusting in the team that fi nalised the Noosa River Cliff was principally involved in the relationships with stakeholders, and Plan. Darwin East Free Trade Zone industrial generally being extremely knowledgeable estate layout and in legislation. In about industrial land development. As President of the Samford Progress drafting the Northern Territory’s fi rst and Protection Association, Cliff planning Act , Cliff fi rst prepared a Cliff wanted to know how things worked. worked to develop and manage the Viva list of questions for the then planning In planning he sought out the main Samford Group to retain the locality’s minister, Marshall Perron, to respond stakeholders and took time to understand village atmosphere including preventing to regarding appeals, assessment levels, their agendas and expectations and build Woolworths from locating in the area. responsibility for planning decisions, and trusting relationships. Cliff intuitively other matters relevant to a new planning saw how the people that mattered fi tted Cliff served the Planning Institute for act. Th is approach acknowledged the into a particular planning puzzle; in many years as Treasurer and never missed Minister’s decision-making responsibility, particular, that planning is mainly about a meeting. In 2009 Cliff was elected a provided clear direction and minimised people and politics. While an excellent Life Fellow. any inadvertent prejudice and bias by the project planner, his modus operandi was as drafter. a network planner, gathering intelligence Th rough a mixture of sound knowledge and information from various sources to of the discipline; an ability to relate Th e planning environment in the NT progress a range of projects. to everybody in his casual, colloquial was not particularly inviting initially. As a way; an approach to live a life full of result of the approach by Cliff , Marshall Th e legislative and regulatory basis undaunted self-confi dence and a belief Perron became a convert to town of town planning was one of Cliff ’s that he had a solution to every problem, planning. Th e Darwin East Free Trade strengths. He had an encyclopaedic Cliff was an inspiration. Th e Zone gave the NT the tool to attract knowledge of the Brisbane Town Plan profession is poorer for the economic activity in a climate where the and its underpinning legislation. passing of Cliff Willmett.

Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 – 25 Place Gold Coast CBD: Open for business City of Gold Coast

One of the cornerstones of our planning for the future of the Gold Coast is our focus on Southport as the city’s CBD. It’s been identifi ed as a Priority Development Area (PDA) by the Queensland Government, and we’ve been working with the State to signifi cantly revitalise the CBD.

What this means in practice is that the area defi ned as the Southport PDA will be a world-class centre for employment, community services, commerce and retail. Like any successful CBD the world over, it will be more than a place of work: it will also off er a diverse range of housing options and a highly desirable CBD Southport Central lifestyle amenity.

Th e CBD will be the defi nitive centre for Why Southport? Games™ facilities – Gold Coast Aquatic Centre commerce on the Gold Coast, and we will • Southport is the historic commercial work to attract national and international and administrative centre of the Gold • public space improvements. investment through a streamlined and Coast, ready to mature from its early Our eff orts in Southport will take facilitated approach to development. We beginnings into a CBD fi t for the full advantage of past and future will also ensure the highest-quality urban future. infrastructure investments in the CBD design engages residents and visitors and • Th e identifi cation of Southport PDA including Chinatown, Light Rail, the enhances the city’s reputation as a world- proactively positions the CBD as a Aquatic Centre for the Gold Coast class city and an ideal place for people to world-class and globally-competitive 2018 Commonwealth Games™ and the live, work and play. business location. Southport Broadwater Parklands. Th e CBD will be connected to local • Southport has the highest amount However, these eff orts also follow a and regional centres as a multi-modal of commercial fl oor space and diffi cult recent history for Southport. public transport hub and it will celebrate employment in the city. It is the focus Although the historic centre of the Southport’s unique natural setting and for regionally-signifi cant education, Gold Coast, Southport fell into decline vibrant waterfront by continuing to provide government services, legal, health and during the 1960s and 70s. Its railway attractive and functional public places. medical industries. station connecting to Brisbane closed in 1964, and the construction of large, What infrastructure? What is the Southport PDA? covered shopping centres took their • Public and private infrastructure toll on Southport’s position as a retail • An area of 195.7 hectares with four investment is spearheading the destination. precincts: revitalisation of the CBD. Investments More recently, many of Southport’s • the CBD that will deliver the Gold to date include: government offi ces relocated to the new Coast’s centre of commerce • Gold Coast light rail, with four stations business centre at Robina in the early • the PDA Residential neighbourhood servicing the PDA core and providing 2000s and local businesses were impacted that will support the CBD with a connections to the wider transport by the onset of the Global Financial cluster of higher residential densities network Crisis and construction along the Light Rail corridor. • the PDA Garden Residential • Development of Southport Mall as a Faced with this decaying centre and neighbourhood that, while also multifunctional community space providing residential uses, will deliver looking at what is required for the Gold • Chinatown greater amenity and garden character Coast as it matures, Southport was declared a PDA and our focus is now on using this • Broadwater Parklands • the PDA Open Space that will provide status as key mechanism to re-establish the high quality outdoor areas. • Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth CBD as the heart of the Gold Coast. 26 – Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 Place

and private sectors will drive the delivery Importantly, Chinatown builds on our of the Southport PDA, supported by investment in the Light Rail network and the creation of investment attraction will provide a home away from home programs, events and activation strategies, for our growing international student a retail strategy and the establishment population. and ongoing monitoring of performance Southport Mall measures for the CBD. Another key initiative in Southport will A range of exempted uses means that in be its Mall, which will be redeveloped as a certain instances development can occur gathering place ready for the Gold Coast as-of-right. 2018 Commonwealth Games™. In the instances where applications are Th e Mall has had a controversial required, City offi cers encourage applicants background – it was originally closed to participate in facilitation meetings to traffi c in 1988 as part of a drive to where offi cers and the applicant’s design revitalise the ailing business district, yet team review and discuss development was returned to a road in 1998. proposals prior to lodgement, to allow for any major issues or potential impediments Now, it will be returned to the Southport PDA Boundary and Precinct Map to development to be resolved early in the community as a shared space that is expected will see 10,000 people passing What is the vision? process. Where applicants participate in these facilitation meetings, the City has through it up to four times a day during Southport will be revitalised as the committed to a streamlined application the Commonwealth Games, moving Gold Coast’s CBD: a world-class process which has substantially cut between public transport and the Aquatic centre for commerce, entrepreneurship, assessment periods and turnaround times. Centre located on the edge of the employment, tourism and diverse Broadwater. Activity will spill out onto And our approach is working: work and lifestyle opportunities. A the streets, with people eating, drinking deregulation of land use planning within development scheme will achieve and bringing vitality to the Mall. the boundaries resulted in four major this vision for Southport PDA by development applications being lodged streamlining the land use planning the day after the PDA was declared, process and delivering infrastructure and has since attracted a wide range of for future development and economic other proposals representing signifi cant growth opportunities. investment within the PDA boundary. Th e CBD will: Chinatown • become the Gold Coast’s defi nitive Th e Gold Coast’s new Chinatown will centre for commerce play a key role in the revitalisation of • have the capacity and commitment to Southport. Th e project will create a attract foreign investment and facilitate vibrant and diverse destination on the development Light Rail system, and will also: The core • provide a high quality, dynamic, • provide an opportunity for cultural A ‘big city’ feel will be achieved in the well-connected and unique urban exchange between Australia and Asia CBD; a dense and intense pulsating place environment Pacifi c with dead areas activated, made safe and • be home to a revitalised Chinatown, comfortable. People will want to linger to • build trade and investment a Light Rail network, and the Gold soak up the atmosphere created, enjoy the relationships for local Gold Coast Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games™ alfresco dining, making for a truly urban companies • be recognised for local and and social experience. Buildings and uses international commerce, investment • encourage the redevelopment of will be encouraged that help to create this and ideas Southport feel. • be a hub of innovative business, • enhance the city’s cultural diversity and While our planning has just started, it is economic activity, employment, tourism product envisioned that the Gold Coast’s CBD entertainment and leisure. • generate a new night-time economy. will play a key role in promoting the city as an international destination. And while Paifang (Chinese arches) will act as the Implementation the project will be completed in time for gateways to Chinatown and streets will Th e PDA presents a golden opportunity the Commonwealth Games, it will be one be embellished with unique furniture, to deregulate land use planning and of the many elements that will remain as distinctive surface treatments and planting. facilitate development to create a vibrant a legacy for future residents and visitors. An existing nucleus of Asian commerce place for people to live, work and play. will grow and bring with it the sights and For more information, visit A collaborative eff ort between the public sounds of an authentic experience. cityofgoldcoast.com.au/southportcbd Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 – 27 Place How do world class streets occur: Lessons from an international city - Hong Kong Thomas Holmes

In early 2014, I was chosen to undertake an individual research exchange to Hong Kong as part of my studies in Urban and Environmental Planning at Griffi th University. Th e research focused on learning how Hong Kong and other cities around the world have worked to achieve ‘world class streets’ potentially providing insight for Southport’s ‘world class street’ character outcome. SouthportSource: Modified from (http://www.robmolhoek.com.au/our-community/our-southport/) Southport aims to be a defi nitive centre for commerce (Southport PDA Interim Learning from Hong Kong use outcomes through pedestrian oriented Land Use Plan, 2013). To do this, a precincts for specifi c site studies. Th e Hong Kong’s transport legislation guides change of the urban form within the studies aimed to design appropriate areas all types of transport within Hong Kong. current land use will be undertaken. through eff ective public consultation and Over the past 30 years, the majority of Key outcomes for the heart (the Central traffi c assessments proposing full-time, legislation and guidelines have valued Business District (CBD), and the lungs part-time and traffi c calming streets. On vehicular use over pedestrians. In (residential neighbourhoods and open ground research revealed that pedestrian most cases, this has created a severely space) are to deliver diverse districts environments were seen to be improved inadequate pedestrian environment that that bring people together to enhance in the focus areas. creates above ground pedestrian crossings. Southport’s economic and development However, since the implementation of growth (Southport PDA Interim Land In the 1980’s legislation focused this strategy, policies have skewed to value Use Plan, 2013). on creating pedestrian oriented vehicular use on ground level, creating developments. Th is was shown through One goal suggests delivering economic undesirable urban streets, which were a comprehensive and effi cient pedestrian growth through world class streets observed to not be world class. network development for the Central (Southport PDA Interim Land Use to Mid-levels districts. Th is was a Case Studies from around the Plan 2013). To do so, the Interim Land government initiative to reduce the world – New York’s Sustainable Use Plan (ILUP) suggests ‘market led strain on public transport, and personal redevelopment and to facilitate targeted Transport Strategy vehicular use to and from the Mid- redevelopment of key sites’. To achieve a levels and the CBD of Hong Kong. To understand and provide examples world class city, with world class streets, It was opened in 1993 and is used by of world class streets, case studies from that enhances the image and economic approximately 80,000 people each day other parts of the world are used. growth of a CBD, this research proposes (Transport, 2009). Th e Sustainable Transport Strategy to learn from other cities around the acknowledged that the best cities in the world, focusing on Hong Kong. It In 1999 the ‘Hong Kong Moving Ahead: world approach world class streets as assesses the legislation, the community, A transport Strategy for the Future’ and the built form attributes that guide (Transport and Housing Bureau, 1999) world class streets. aimed to provide better services and land Th e project was undertaken in a number of stages: • A literature review of world class streets • A review of legislation, governing/soon to govern these areas (Southport, Hong Kong and international case studies) • Observation techniques in Hong Kong, guided by the literature review • Finally, proposals for alternative approaches to achieve Southport’s aim. Hong Kong pedestrian environment Mid-Levels Escalator 28 – Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 Place

encouraging connection and better land use outcomes. If there is limited communication through legislation/governance to achieve the aim, the approach is left to the developer. As shown in Hong Kong, this does not always lead to the best outcome for the public space. I suggest that planning outcomes alone cannot facilitate world class streets. In association with a high priority walking environment, this paper proposes to Times-Square Re-development Source: https://pricetags.wordpress.com/2012/07/17/best-pics-of-times-square-ever/ encourage appropriate development vital public spaces that foster social and • Th e expansion of pedestrian space through alternative fi nance options economic activity (DOT 2008, p.19). reduced overspill onto the road, as such such as levied contributions from local Th e policies refl ected this outcome by injuries related to pedestrians reduced businesses. Th ese contributions will be aiming to provide: by 35% assessed via rental rates and land values to ensure that the funds are being used in • Streets that are designed to As a result of the design action in the the most appropriate way e.g. Th e New accommodate all users; Transport plan, these fi gures were not York case study. • New public plazas in every community limited to Times Square. Th e strategy Overall, an integrated system that has an boards; also helped re-invigorate places by adaptable design to encourage interaction • Increased standards for urban design; providing the fi rst protected bike lane in the US (DOT, 2009). In the areas via walkability, active and public • Enjoyment of the city, and adjoining, retail sales increased by 49% transport shows clear economic, social • security and place making. (DOT, 2009). In Pearl Street, Brooklyn, and environmental gains which One action of this strategy was to design a partner agreement was made with local work towards the goal of a world a space that re-invigorated Times-Square businesses to create a pedestrian plaza class street. (Figure 4). Th e key to achieving this (DOT, 2009). As a result retail sales outcome was creating a design manual increased by 172% (DOT, 2009). References City of Gold Coast, 2013. Gold Coast City Transport Strategy in a dense environment to guide action In this instance, a world class street has (NYCDOT Design Manual, 2009). As 2031, available online: http://www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/gold- been led by government intervention, coast-city-transport-strategy-2031-14869.html (31/03/2014). shown, the before picture was fi lled with but also working with others, including City of Gold Coast, 2013. Southport Priority Development Area Interim Land Use Plan, available online: http://www.goldcoast. traffi c and had limited public space for businesses, to value pedestrian oriented people to sit and walk. In late 2009, an qld.gov.au/southport-interim-land-use-plan-ilup-19374.html environments. Spaces are inviting and (31/03/2014). almost overnight project guided by the attract people to it. Not only is this Hong Kong Transport and Housing Bureau, 1999. Hong Kong design manual created the after picture. gaining economically, but also socially Moving Ahead: A transport Strategy for the Future, available It used cheap materials, moveable seating online: http://www.thb.gov.hk/eng/psp/publications/transport/ and environmentally. publications/publication.htm (31/03/2014). and paint to re-invigorate the space. Not Hong Kong Transport Department, 2009. Transport in Hong only did this action create more public The proposal Kong, available online: http://www.td.gov.hk/en/transport_in_ space, it also was good for business. hong_kong/index.html (23/02/2014). To achieve a world class street, the New York City Department of Transport, 2008 According to ‘Living Streets: Making research found that the separate study New York City Department of Transportation, 2009. Progress the Case for Investment in the Walking locations in Hong Kong all with similar Report, available online: http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/ Environment’ (Sinnett et al., 2011), this characteristics (connection, density, about/ssi.shtml (31/03/2014). etc.) occurs when there is government New York City Department of Transportation, 2009. Street investment produced many benefi ts, Design Manual, available online: www.nyc.gov/dot including: intervention, not only through plans New York City Department of Transportation, 2012. Measuring • 84% more people are staying in Times but through design. Th ese designs are the Street: New Metrics for 21st Century Streets, available underpinned by best practice outcomes, online: http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/2012-10- Square measuring-the-street.pdf (23/02/2014). while also understanding the community’s • 42% of New York City residents surveyed Ng, S., Lau, W., Brown, F., Tam, E., Lao, M., and Booth, V., needs, values and culture of the area. 2012.Walkable City, Living Streets, available online: www. in Times Square say they shop in the civic-exchange.org (23/02/2014). neighbourhood more often since changes To achieve the goal of a world class street Sinnett, D., Williams, K., Chaterjee, K., and Cavill N., 2011. • 26% of Times Square employees report in Southport, this research proposes to Making the case for investment in the walking environment: integrate planning outcomes in the Gold A review of the evidence. Technical Report. Living Streets, leaving their offi ces for lunch more London, available online: http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/15502/1/ frequently Coast Transport Strategy with Southport’s Making_the_Case_Full_Report.pdf (31/03/2014). character outcomes. In doing so, • 74% of New Yorkers surveyed by the Tolley R., 2011. Good for Busine$$, The Benefi ts of making walkability will be articulated as a high streets more walking and cycling friendly (discussion paper) Times Square Alliance agree that Times priority in both plans. Th is will allow prepared for Heart Foundation, available online http://www. Square has improved dramatically as a heartfoundation.org.au/active-living/Documents/Good-for- for both strategies to work in unison, business.pdf (31/03/2014). result of the project Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 – 29 Place Postcard from Japan Liam Kavanagh MPIA

I recently went on holiday to Japan to visit friends, family, and to attend a traditional Shinto wedding. Th e trip included time spent in the Kansai Region, Hiroshima and Tokyo. Kobe/Osaka/Kyoto Th e Kansai region is located centrally on Honshu (Japan’s largest island) and consists of the main cities Kobe, Kyoto, and Osaka and is the second most populous region of Japan after Tokyo- Yokohama. One of the fi rst things you notice about Kobe and Osaka is intense coastal development. Steep hills reach almost to the foreshore leaving limited developable land. A lot of land reclamation has been undertaken throughout the area to increase the availability of developable land. However these reclaimed areas are very susceptible to liquefaction during earthquakes, as was experienced in 1995 in Kobe. Most buildings in the area are new due to two factors: WWII bombing campaign destroyed much of the Kobe/Osaka area and earthquakes. A large earthquake Hiroshima - Peace Park struck the city early in the morning, of January 17 1995, destroying much of the city and infrastructure, killing 6,434 people. Many people were killed due to building collapse however huge fi res erupted in the wake of the quake and killed many of those trapped in collapsed buildings. Th e quick spread of the fi res was attributed to the large amount of small lot housing (<100m2 lots) mainly of timber construction that provided ample fuel for the fi res to spread. After the earthquake and recovery, construction methods and building standards were signifi cantly changed to improve the resilience of structure in the area. Th e changes include cross-bracing construction and deep piled foundations for construction on reclaimed lands.

Th e other major city in the Kansai region is Kyoto. Kyoto is formerly the Imperial Capital of Japan. Unlike other major cities of Japan, Kyoto was spared any major bombing during World War II. Kobe - small lot apartments Kyoto - Machiya lane way 30 – Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 Place

Th erefore Kyoto is one of the few places where historical buildings, temples and palaces remain, many listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Areas of traditional townhouses, machiya, remain in Kyoto however many of them have been demolished and rebuilt in the traditional style with modern materials. Th ese pastiches do not detract from the streetscape of the small laneways of the north-eastern part of the city and provide Tokyo - avante garde house next to demolition site what looks and feels like an authentic experience. Planning Structure Housing in Japan Hiroshima Japan has a very similar planning An interesting aspect of housing in Japan structure to Australia and Queensland is that housing depreciates in value over Hiroshima feels and looks like any other with state/national level policies time with most housing losing all their modern city. A short tram ride from the trickling down to regional, city and value within 30 years and about 40 years Shinkansen takes you to Peace Memorial then local planning schemes. Th ese for apartments. Th is creates a huge Park. Th is is a stark reminder of the policies and regulation result in similar demand for new housing. Half of all devastation of WWII. Th e A-Bomb land use systems as Australia with areas homes are demolished in Japan within Dome and the park are a beautiful piece restricting urban development to protect 38 years and 60% of all homes were built of urban design with cherry blooms environmental values or agricultural land, after 1980. Th is is in opposition to much lining the river and the Flame of Peace urban development areas that contain the of the developed world where housing and other memorials providing a calm industrial development zones, residential appreciates in value overtime. Examples and refl ective atmosphere. At the far development zones, commercial of the demolishing and reconstruction end of the park is the Peace Memorial development zones etc. A main were seen in all towns including in Museum that provides a thought diff erence is that in each of these zones the most historic parts of Kyoto. An provoking narrative of the destruction there is a greater number of permissible interesting counter-point to housings’ loss and reconstruction of Hiroshima. uses, for example medium density of value is that land does hold its value, Tokyo residential areas allow for commercial, however the equity required to construct hotels, shops and other non-residential a home is lost as there is virtually no Th e greater Tokyo area is one of the uses to be permissible as compared to market for sale of pre-owned homes. most populous metropolitan areas in Queensland where many of these uses the world with an estimated population would be impact assessable or prohibited Another symptom of this demand for of 37 million people and is the capital development. I think it is interesting that new housing is that there are about of Japan. Over its history modern a similar system can be used to produce 4-5 times as many architects in Japan Tokyo has been devastated by several markedly diff erent urban forms. than Australia, US or UK per capita. large earthquakes and fi res and most building were destroyed during the WWII bombing campaign. By the 1964 Olympics a world class city had been rebuilt. In the 1980’s real estate prices sky-rocketed with the bubble bursting in the early 1990’s causing a recession that has stagnated the Japanese economy for the last two decades. Th is economic stagnation has been compounded by the shrinking population of Japan which is expected to decline from approximately Kyoto Shrine Garden 128 million in 2010 to 116 million by 2030 and to 86 million by 2060 based on medium population projections (hƩ p:// www.ipss.go.jp/site-ad/index_english/ esuikei/ppł 2012.pdf). Despite these factors there is a lot of fun to be had such as the intensity of the retail shopping in Shibuya and the amazing architecture in Harejuku. However, this does not make up for the loss of culture experienced in Kobe and Kyoto. Kyoto - Golden Temple Queensland Planner – Winter 2014 – Vol 54 No 2 – 31 Place

Th ere are more registered architects in building into such small spaces with you feel like you are in a Monkey Magic Japan than any other country (hƩ p:// every bit of available land being used for episode. If you get the opportunity to www.uia-architectes.org/en/exercer/ something. We saw locations with fi ve travel in late March or early April you exercer-dans-le-monde/commission-uia#. storey buildings on lots no bigger than will get the amazing experience of the UxUr24Uud3u). Not sure if that‘s a good 100sqm. cherry blossoms in full bloom which or a bad thing. Th is combination of much of the urban design and gardens are desire for new housing and limited resale Another interesting experience in Japan centred upon. value of existing housing has resulted was how people use bicycles. Bikes are in a lot of very individual and avant- used by all types of people for all diff erent Japan is an intense mix of the ancient, the garde housing being created to meet the activities. Th e biggest diff erence to natural, and the modern stacked on top individual needs of the client as resale how Australian’s cycle (other than the of each other. Although the urban form value of the property is not a priority. number of cyclists) is that most people is not amazing, the way the people and tend to cycle on the crowded footpaths, the built environment interact creates a Best bits slowly weaving their way through the unique experience that I greatly enjoyed. pedestrians as opposed to taking on Th e best bits of Japan are the transport, the traffi c on the roads. Th ere was no the safety and security, the aff ordability obvious confl ict between the pedestrians of the food, the gardens, and the people. and cyclists with everyone showing For the most part the urban form of courtesy to others on the footpath. Japan was underwhelming with many of the buildings in disrepair, lacking any Th e historic parts of Kyoto are a must design responsive to their environment see for all travellers heading to Japan as and essentially the same as any modern it provides the authentic experience most city around the world. Th e amazing travellers seek. Th e tiny laneways lined things were how they could fi t so much with machiya (townhouses) will make

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