Red Squirrel
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Lab 6 – Order Roden)A, Family Sciuridae
Lab 6 – Order Roden.a, Family Sciuridae Need to know Cynomys spp—ID based on skull Cynomys ludovicianus—ID based on skin, n. history C. leucurus—ID based on skin, n. history Glaucomys sabrinus—ID based on skin or skull, n. history Marmota flaviventris—ID based on skin or skull, n. history Sciurus niger—ID based on skin or skull, n. history Spermophlius spp—ID based on skull Spermophilus armatus—ID based on skin, n. history S. elegans—ID based on skin, n. history S. lateralus—ID based on skin, n. history S. tridecemlineatus—ID based on skin, n. history Tamias spp—ID based on skull Tamias amoenus—ID based on skin, n. history T. minimus—ID based on skin, n. history Tamiasciurus hudsonicus—ID based on skin and skull, n. history 1 2 Order Roden.a, Family Sciuridae—squirrels 1) Reduced infraorbital foramen 2) Postorbital processes conspicuous and pointed 3 Cynomys spp—prairie dogs 1) Anterior view of skull similar to Marmota, with postorbital processes at 90o from frontals 2) Rows of cheek teeth converge posteriorly 4 C. ludovicianus (black-tailed prairie dog) 1) Yellowish pelage 2) Relatively long, black tail Natural history --Shortgrass prairie specialist --Does not hibernate --98% range collapse between ~1900 and 2000; historically about 5 billion individuals, now about 1.5 million (i.e., 0.05% of historic numbers) --Reduce economic returns from cattle (~$14 per steer per year) --Keystone species ”hunted” by people 5 Cynomys leucurus (white-tailed prairie dog) 1) Yellowish pelage 2) Relatively short, white tail 3) Black “eyebrows” Natural history --Steppe specialist --Hibernates --Occurs in colonies smaller than C. -
Symposium on the Gray Squirrel
SYMPOSIUM ON THE GRAY SQUIRREL INTRODUCTION This symposium is an innovation in the regional meetings of professional game and fish personnel. When I was asked to serve as chairman of the Technical Game Sessions of the 13th Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners this seemed to be an excellent opportunity to collect most of the people who have done some research on the gray squirrel to exchange information and ideas and to summarize some of this work for the benefit of game managers and other biologists. Many of these people were not from the southeast and surprisingly not one of the panel mem bers is presenting a general resume of one aspect of squirrel biology with which he is most familiar. The gray squirrel is also important in Great Britain but because it causes extensive damage to forests. Much work has been done over there by Monica Shorten (Mrs. Vizoso) and a symposium on the gray squirrel would not be complete without her presence. A grant from the National Science Foundation through the American Institute of Biological Sciences made it possible to bring Mrs. Vizoso here. It is hoped that this symposium will set a precedent for other symposia at future wildlife conferences. VAGN FLYGER. THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE GRAY SQUIRREL, SCIURUS CAROLINENSIS, TO ITS NEAREST RELATIVES By DR. ]. C. MOORE INTRODUCTION It seems at least slightly more probable at this point in our knowledge of the living Sciuridae, that the northeastern American gray squirrel's oldest known ancestors came from the Old \Vorld rather than evolved in the New. -
Relational Database Systems 1
Relational Database Systems 1 Wolf-Tilo Balke Jan-Christoph Kalo Institut für Informationssysteme Technische Universität Braunschweig www.ifis.cs.tu-bs.de Summary last week • Data models define the structural constrains and possible manipulations of data – Examples of Data Models: • Relational Model, Network Model, Object Model, etc. – Instances of data models are called schemas • Careful: Often, sloppy language is used where people call a schema also a model • We have three types of schemas: – Conceptual Schemas – Logical Schemas – Physical Schemas • We can use ER modeling for conceptual and logical schemas Relational Database Systems 1 – Wolf-Tilo Balke – Institut für Informationssysteme – TU Braunschweig 2 Summary last week • Entity Type Name • Weak Entity Type Name • Attribute name • Key Attribute name • name Multi-valued Attribute name name • Composite Attribute name • Derived Attribute name • Relationship Type name • Identifying Relationship Type name EN 3.5 Relational Database Systems 1 – Wolf-Tilo Balke – Institut für Informationssysteme – TU Braunschweig 3 Summary last week • Total participation of E2 in R E1 r E2 • Cardinality – an instance of E1 may relate to multiple instances of E2 (0,*) (1,1) E1 r E2 • Specific cardinality with min and max – an instance of E1 may relate to multiple instances of E2 (0,*) (0,1) E1 r E2 EN 3.5 Relational Database Systems 1 – Wolf-Tilo Balke – Institut für Informationssysteme – TU Braunschweig 4 3 Extended Data Modeling • Alternative ER Notations • Extended ER – Inheritance – Complex Relationships -
Aberts-And-Pine-Squi
The Nature of Teller Photos and article courtesy of Mark J. Platten, CSU Extension Director, Teller County The Nature of Teller explores the various flora and fauna of Teller County, identifying common life forms you might encounter, and focusing on prevalent insects, diseases, and invasive species that may affect the wellbeing of the residents of the county. This week’s emphasis is on the two native tree squirrels you might encounter while hiking through the forest: Abert’s and pine squirrels. The Abert’s squirrel (Sciurus aberti) is associated almost solely within the montane (8,000-10,000 foot) forest ecosystem. They are quite distinct because of their tufted, or tasseled, ears and black coat. Interestingly, their ear tufts diminish in the spring and summer months, while their fur color can range from the typical black to gray. Abert’s squirrels make their home among mature ponderosa pine, appearing to use taste to select trees with the most nutritional value. They rely on the ponderosa pine for all aspects of their life including food, nesting, and cover. They are not known to defend territories, perhaps because their home range is quite large, averaging nearly 20 acres. Their preferred food is the seeds of the ponderosa cone although their summer diet contains a high proportion of fungi. You might observe them holding the cone like an ear of corn, slowly rotating it as they remove the cone scales to unveil the meaty seeds. Unlike many of their relatives, Abert’s squirrels do not store large caches of food in the nest although they occasionally bury a cone. -
Seasonal Movements and Nest Site Selection of the Western Gray Squirrel (Sciurus Griseus) in the Methow River Watershed
Seasonal Movements and Nest Site Selection of the Western Gray Squirrel (Sciurus griseus) in the Methow River Watershed Sara Caroline Gregory Master of Science College of Forest Resources University of Washington December 2005 Sue Misao/Methow Valley news 2004 Seasonal Movements and Nest Site Selection of the Western Gray Squirrel (Sciurus griseus) in the Methow River Watershed Sara Caroline Gregory A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science University of Washington 2005 Program Authorized to Offer Degree: College of Forest Resources In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at the University of Washington, I agree that the library shall make its copies freely available for inspection. I further agree that extensive copying of this thesis is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Any other reproduction for any purposes or by any means shall not be allowed without my written permission. Signature________________________________________ Date________________________________________ University of Washington Abstract Seasonal movements and nest site selection of the western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus) in the Methow River watershed Sara Caroline Gregory Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Stephen D. West College of Forest Resources Listed as a state threatened species, the distribution of the western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus) in Washington is limited to three disjunct areas. Little is known about the North Cascades population, which is the northernmost population for the species. Here, squirrels exist without oaks that provide winter forage and cavities for maternal nests elsewhere in its range. -
Lesson Plan: Squirrel Study - Nests
LESSON PLAN: SQUIRREL STUDY - NESTS Date: Class: Unit: LESSON TOPIC: Squirrel Study with Smack Dab in the Middle of Maybe AIM: In Smack Dab in the Middle of Maybe, the main character Cricket discovers squirrels in a nest above the treehouse. Students can use the novel as a starting point for learning more about squirrels. OBJECTIVES: Students will be able to: 1. Identify grey squirrels. 2. Provide information about a squirrel’s nesting behavior. 3. Recognize the behavior of grey squirrels in Smack Dab in the Middle of Maybe. GET STARTED/ DO-NOW: In the novel, Cricket notices a squirrel nest above her treehouse. The nest was made by eastern grey squirrels. Have the students read the article by National Geographic about grey squirrels. Instruct them to write down five facts. https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/eastern-gray- squirrel/#eastern-gray-squirrel-tree.jpg If personal computers are not available, read the article aloud. After you have finished, instruct the students to write down facts they remember. Have the students share the facts with the class. MINI-LESSON: 1. There are several species of squirrels found in North America. Eastern grey squirrels are one of them. Other species include American red squirrels and fox squirrels. Introduce these other two species by showing the class images like the ones found on these webpages: Fox Squirrel: https://www.arkive.org/eastern-fox-squirrel/sciurus-niger/ American Red Squirrel: http://www.arkive.org/american-red- squirrel/tamiasciurus-hudsonicus/ 2. Provide each student with a blank map of the United States. Together as a class, color in the areas where grey squirrels are commonly found. -
Mammal Watching in the Pacific Northwest, Summer 2019 with Notes on Birding, Locations, Sounds, and Chasing Chipmunks
Mammal watching in the Pacific Northwest, summer 2019 With notes on birding, locations, sounds, and chasing chipmunks Keywords: Sciuridae, trip report, mammals, birds, summer, July Daan Drukker 1 How to use this report For this report I’ve chosen not to do the classic chronological order, but instead, I’ve treated every mammal species I’ve seen in individual headers and added some charismatic species that I’ve missed. Further down I’ve made a list of hotspot birding areas that I’ve visited where the most interesting bird species that I’ve seen are treated. If you are visiting the Pacific Northwest, you’ll find information on where to look for mammals in this report and some additional info on taxonomy and identification. I’ve written it with a European perspective, but that shouldn’t be an issue. Birds are treated in detail for Mount Rainier and the Monterey area, including the California Condors of Big Sur. For other areas, I’ve mentioned the birds, but there must be other reports for more details. I did a non-hardcore type of birding, just looking at everything I came across and learning the North American species a bit, but not twitching everything that was remotely possible. That will be for another time. Every observation I made can be found on Observation.org, where the exact date, location and in some cases evidence photos and sound recordings are combined. These observations are revised by local admins, and if you see an alleged mistake, you can let the observer and admin know by clicking on one of the “Contact” options in the upper right panel. -
Modelling the Population Dynamics of the Mt. Graham Red Squirrel: Can We Predict Its Future in a Changing Environment with Multiple Threats?
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 131 (2006) 121– 131 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Modelling the population dynamics of the Mt. Graham red squirrel: Can we predict its future in a changing environment with multiple threats? S.P. Rushtona, D.J.A. Woodb, P.W.W. Lurza,*, J.L. Koprowskib aIRES, School of Biology, Devonshire Building, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK bWildlife Conservation and Management, School of Natural Resources, 325 Biological Sciences East, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The Mt. Graham red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis; MGRS) is among the Received 25 April 2005 most critically endangered mammals in the United States and is isolated on the periphery Received in revised form of the species’ range, potentially increasing its conservation priority. To investigate poten- 31 January 2006 tial threats to the population and provide a tool for land managers, we developed a spatially Accepted 24 February 2006 explicit population dynamics model. We tested model predictions using available range- Available online 17 April 2006 wide data from the literature and field work specific to the MGRS. A general model input data set using mean life history values overpredicted MGRS abundance. However, we found Keywords: significant correlation with known squirrel abundance using a general data set with cur- Conservation tailed fecundity and survival. A model with MGRS-specific data provided the best fit to SEPM observed population size. We investigated potential impacts of two major threats to the Endangered species MGRS: competition from introduced Abert’s squirrels (Sciurus aberti) and increased levels Introduced species of predation. -
(Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus) from Nova Scotia
Notes Records of Melanistic American Red Squirrels ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ) from Nova Scotia HOWARD M. H UYNH 1,2 *, B ERNARD L. B URKE 3, and DONALD F. M CALPINE 2 1 Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6 Canada 2 New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas Avenue, Saint John, New Brunswick E2K 1E5 Canada 3 21 Micmac Boulevard, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B3A 4N3 Canada *Corresponding author: email: [email protected] Huynh, H. M., B. L. Burke, and D. F. McAlpine. 2011. Records of melanistic American Red Squirrels ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ) from Nova Scotia. Canadian Field-Naturalist 125(2): 15 4–157. Though melanism has been observed in several species of North American sciurids, the occurrence of this phenotype is rel - atively rare in American Red Squirrels ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ). We provide the first detailed accounts of melanistic Red Squirrels observed in Nova Scotia, Canada. Key Words: American Red Squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus , Melanism, Nova Scotia . Melanism in mammals refers to black or very dark of a typical adult Gray Squirrel. The presence of other brown pelage (Caro 2005), and is a relatively uncom - external characters – i.e., hair tufts protruding from the mon phenotype observed in most species of mammals top of the pinnae (more accentuated in winter pelage; (Guthrie 1967). While most populations exhibit grad - Steele 1998; Whitaker and Hamilton 1998) and small - ual intraspecific colour variation across their geo - er, flatter tail (Steele 1998) – also confirmed that this graphic range, there are some populations that show animal was a Red Squirrel. discontinuous variation (Caro 2005), with melanistic On March 22, 2010, the second author observed and (melanic) individuals occurring at high frequency photographed a young adult melanistic Red Squirrel (Guthrie 1967). -
Search for Polyoma-, Herpes-, and Bornaviruses in Squirrels of the Family Sciuridae Vanessa Schulze1, Peter W
Schulze et al. Virology Journal (2020) 17:42 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-020-01310-4 RESEARCH Open Access Search for polyoma-, herpes-, and bornaviruses in squirrels of the family Sciuridae Vanessa Schulze1, Peter W. W. Lurz2, Nicola Ferrari3, Claudia Romeo3, Michael A. Steele4, Shealyn Marino4, Maria Vittoria Mazzamuto5, Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer6, Kore Schlottau7, Martin Beer7, Rainer G. Ulrich1,8* and Bernhard Ehlers9* Abstract Background: Squirrels (family Sciuridae) are globally distributed members of the order Rodentia with wildlife occurrence in indigenous and non-indigenous regions (as invasive species) and frequent presence in zoological gardens and other holdings. Multiple species introductions, strong inter-species competition as well as the recent discovery of a novel zoonotic bornavirus resulted in increased research interest on squirrel pathogens. Therefore we aimed to test a variety of squirrel species for representatives of three virus families. Methods: Several species of the squirrel subfamilies Sciurinae, Callosciurinae and Xerinae were tested for the presence of polyomaviruses (PyVs; family Polyomaviridae) and herpesviruses (HVs; family Herpesviridae), using generic nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specificity for the PyV VP1 gene and the HV DNA polymerase (DPOL) gene, respectively. Selected animals were tested for the presence of bornaviruses (family Bornaviridae), using both a broad-range orthobornavirus- and a variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1)-specific reverse transcription- quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: In addition to previously detected bornavirus RNA-positive squirrels no more animals tested positive in this study, but four novel PyVs, four novel betaherpesviruses (BHVs) and six novel gammaherpesviruses (GHVs) were identified. For three PyVs, complete genomes could be amplified with long-distance PCR (LD-PCR). -
KLMN Featured Creature Douglas's Squirrel
National Park Service Featured Creature U.S. Department of the Interior January 2021 Klamath Network Inventory & Monitoring Division Natural Resources Stewardship & Science Douglas’s Squirrel Tamiasciurus douglasii General Description that preserve the seed’s nutrition, for later In his 1894 natural history classic, The access. These storage areas, or middens, are Mountains of California, John Muir devotes often covered in the residue of cone scales an entire chapter to the Douglas’s squirrel, below a favorite eating perch. Not a few tree writing, seedlings have sprouted thanks to forgotten © FRANK LOSPALLUTO seed caches, and early foresters used to raid Douglas’s squirrel “He is, without exception, the wildest animal I these middens for their valuable conifer seeds. ever saw,—a fiery, sputtering little bolt of life, luxuriating in quick oxygen and the woods’ Douglas’s squirrels also eat bird eggs, flow- while in bluff, audacious noisiness he is a very best juices.” ering plant (angiosperm) parts like berries, jay.” seeds, flowers, and leaf buds, the cambium Native to the Pacific Northwest, the Douglas’s of small branch shoots, and importantly, Reproduction squirrel (Tamiasciurus douglasii) is a small fungi. Like many squirrels, they feed on the In late winter and early spring, courtship tree squirrel in the family Sciuridae. It’s also reproductive structures of fungi, like mush- begins with a vocal mating chase between called a chickaree or pine squirrel. Distinctly rooms and truffles, sometimes hanging them male and female that forms their monoga- smaller than the western gray squirrel in twig crotches to dry and store for later mous pair bond. -
TREE SQUIRRELS in WISCONSIN: Benefits and Problems
G3522 TREE SQUIRRELS IN WISCONSIN: Benefits and Problems Five species of tree squirrels live in Wisconsin: the gray squirrel, fox squirrel, red squirrel, and two species of flying squirrel. All five are popular with people who enjoy watching wildlife, although flying squirrels, because of their nocturnal habits, are rarely seen. As abundant animals low in the food chain, squirrels are important prey species for many mammalian and avian predators. Gray and fox squirrels are popular small-game animals. Squirrels also raid gardens, fields and birdfeeders, FOX SQUIRREL invade houses and other buildings, cause power (Sciurus niger) outages and create other mischief. The fox squirrel is the largest tree squirrel in This bulletin will introduce Wisconsin’s tree squirrels Wisconsin. It is 20 to 22 inches long, including the and describe various management techniques. tail, and weighs 24 to 32 ounces. It gets its name from its rusty brown coat, which is very similar to the GRAY SQUIRREL hair color of a fox. The underside is pale yellow or (Sciurus carolinensis) orange-brown. Color variations are common and may even occur within the same woodlot. The fox The gray squirrel is 18 to 21 inches long, including its squirrel’s “grizzled” rusty brown appearance and size 8- to 10-inch tail, and weighs from 16 to 28 ounces. makes it easy to distinguish from a gray squirrel. Its The gray squirrel derives its name from its grayish brown and gray tail is very fluffy and lacks white- coat, which may vary from black to white. The black tipped hairs. The ears of a fox squirrel are rounded color phase or a golden-yellow “Lady Isabella” gray and shorter and wider than those of a gray squirrel.