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Molalla River Watershed Analysis Focuses on the Upper Portion of This Large, Diverse, and Important Watershed

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Molalla River Watershed Analysis Focuses on the Upper Portion of This Large, Diverse, and Important Watershed Molalla Watershed Analysis Table of Contents Executive Summary .............................................................. 2 Chapter 1 Introduction .......................................................... 33 Chapter 2 Characterization ....................................................... 38 Chapter 3 Issues and Key Questions ............................................... 48 Chapter 4 Historical Conditions ................................................... 51 Chapter 5 Current Conditions ..................................................... 66 Chapter 6 Potential Conditions and Trends ......................................... 165 Chapter 7 Management Recommendations ......................................... 191 Chapter 8 Data Gaps, Inventory, Monitoring ........................................ 207 Appendices ................................................................... 210 Executive Summary Executive Summary The executive summary provides an overview of the entire document. It summarizes key components and findings of the analysis. It also addresses the relationship of the watershed analysis to other management authorities, plans, and prescriptions. Watershed Analysis Area, Process, and Purpose The Molalla River Watershed Analysis focuses on the upper portion of this large, diverse, and important watershed. This watershed is a significant resource within the region. It provides drinking water for the communities of Molalla and Canby, forest products for local mills, important recreation opportunities for Willamette Valley residents, and considerable amount of viable habitat for fish, wildlife, and botanical resources. This analysis deals with the upper reaches of the Molalla River southeast of the town of Molalla and upstream from the Dickey Prairie and Glen Avon areas. Only about one third of this forested 129,000-acre (202 square miles) watershed is under federal management and jurisdiction. General management direction for federal lands has been determined through the Northwest Forest Plan process, defining and restricting the types and range of activities allowed on most acres of Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) lands within the watershed. Most of the federal lands within the watershed are designated as either Wilderness, Late-Successional Reserve (LSR), or Connectivity (CONN) lands which restrict the types and levels of forest management and timber harvest activities. This analysis presents an overall view -- a general landscape perspective on the physical, social, and environmental conditions and trends within the watershed. Primarily it is a tool to assess the health and condition of the watershed and evaluate the effects of landscape level disturbances both natural and human caused. It provides general guidance and direction for management for BLM and USFS lands. It develops specific recommendations for future BLM and USFS resource management actions including: < Establishes restoration and monitoring priorities that will help move watershed areas from existing to desired conditions for hydrological and water quality considerations. < Identifies fisheries and wildlife habitat restoration opportunities and recommends Riparian Reserve widths and other scarce or unique resource protection considerations. < Identifies opportunities for commodity outputs and general forest management actions and strategies. < Identifies recreation and other social management actions, strategies, and developments. 2 Executive Summary The overall health of a watershed depends on the cooperation of all landowners. However, this analysis is designed only as a tool for federal agencies to decide sustainable and ecologically sound management direction and to prioritize actions for federally owned lands. Watershed analysis is an ongoing and dynamic process. It is intended to be revised and updated as conditions, assumptions, or resource plans change and new information becomes available. This document summarizes a large quantity of information and detailed analysis of complex issues and interrelationships. It is important to note that watershed analysis is not a decision- making process, but rather a stage-setting analytical process that offers constraints and provides guidance for future management decisions. Molalla River Watershed Key Issues and Goals In the beginning of the watershed analysis process, the interdisciplinary team (IDT), with comment from the public, identified and distilled basic issues and goals on which to focus the analysis. The following describes the primary resources and issues that directed the analysis process. The watershed analysis recommendations reflect an effort to achieve the goals for federally managed lands. Resource Issue Goal Native Fish and The Molalla River has native runs of anadromous fish Maintain and improve native anadromous and resident Habitat whose numbers are low and/or declining. fish habitat in the watershed. Water Quality Significant portions of the Molalla River and its Maintain and enhance water quality of the rivers within tributaries do not meet state water quality standards. the watershed to meet or exceed state water quality Future land uses may further degrade water quality for standards. this municipal water source. Natural Resources and Much of the public land in the watershed is to be Protect and conserve natural areas associated with Wildlife Habitat managed for Late Successional Reserve species and river, stream and forest habitats, while seeking ways to to improve wildlife habitat and conditions for other restore habitats, reduce noxious weeds and accelerate forest species. old growth forest conditions. Recreation The Molalla River area is heavily used for recreation Provide high quality recreation opportunities while Opportunities and demand for recreation opportunities found in the protecting resources from overuse and abuse. watershed continues to grow as population increases. Illegal Activities Dumping, litter, man-caused fire and other resource Curb and reduce illegal activities and increase management problems affect this urban interface management presence and resource protection watershed. effectiveness. Timber Supply The local economy is reliant on a predictable supply Provide a sustainable and predictable supply of forest of forest products from the watershed. products from the watershed. How the Analysis was Conducted Any watershed is equal to the cumulative condition of the sum of its parts. For our analysis, it was assumed that distinct sub-watersheds would have a range of conditions that would likely require somewhat different approaches and prescriptions for management. By analyzing individual sub-watersheds, we could also prioritize restoration efforts and develop strategies for more effective use of limited funds or resources. The Molalla River watershed was divided into 3 Executive Summary five main tributary areas called Key Tributary Analysis Areas. These include the North Fork Molalla, Table Rock Fork, Copper Creek, Upper mainstem Molalla, and Lower mainstem Molalla drainage areas. These tributary areas were further broken down into 24 sub-watersheds for analysis purposes. This enabled the IDT team to target specific sub-watersheds with critical conditions or trends for prioritizing and implementing management strategies and restoration actions. Molalla Watershed Condition and Trends The story of the Molalla is one of a long history of human use and influence on the watershed. Fire, timber harvest, roads, and even recreation uses have played a role in changing the landscape. It is also a story of dynamic geomorphology with a topography of steep slopes, gorges, cliffs, and canyons combined with areas of unstable soils in a region of heavy precipitation. This has resulted in naturally caused but significant and occasionally catastrophic landslides, floods, and mass movements. These events can and have been exacerbated by human use and land management actions and activities. Despite all these naturally existing resource considerations and a high level of human influence, the basic integrity of the watershed is still intact. The watershed continues to function in providing certain limited levels of habitat, forest products, municipal water, and recreation opportunities. However, the Molalla watershed generally is in poor to fair condition. The long- term forecast ranges from stable to slightly declining resource condition trends if past and current management practices continue. The existing conditions and trends vary widely from sub- watershed to sub-watershed. For the most part, upper reaches and headwaters of the North Fork Molalla, Table Rock Fork, and Copper Creek drainages are in better condition and show improving trends, while the lower and middle areas of the watershed analysis area are in poorer condition with varying trends. The overall findings for watershed resource conditions and trends include: # From a water quality perspective, high water temperatures and event-related turbidity are significant problems throughout the watershed. Road densities and open areas that create increased runoff and potential for erosion and sediments are at moderate to high levels in all areas of the watershed. # From a wildlife and botanical perspective, the watershed is highly fragmented but offers significant areas of good habitat. There is potential to improve extensive areas for wildlife habitat in the long term, especially in LSR and upper watershed areas. # Fisheries and riparian habitat conditions throughout the
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