G E O L O G Y F A N O D T N M Open-File Report O-11-05 I E N M E T R

R A

A L STATE OF OREGON Stream Channels of the Northern Willamette Valley, P

I E N Stream Channels of the Northern Willamette Valley,

D D

U DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES

N S

O Clackamas, Marion, Polk, Washington,

T

G

R

E

I VICKI S. MCCONNELL, STATE GEOLOGIST R E

S O Clackamas, Marion, Polk, Washington, and Yamhill Counties, Oregon and Yamhill Counties, Oregon by Daniel Coe 1937 2011

122°37'30"W 123°15'0"W 123°10'0"W 123°0'0"W 122°50'0"W 122°40'0"W B

Y a m h

il l

C

r

e 45°22'21"N

k k e 45°22'21"N e B e k C e e r a r k C e C d C r l t n h C e k a la h r S a e e w e h e Tualatin le r o k m C 1

R 4

1

- e R O

d d R

Sherwood y h r

r

e

F

s s

a e

n

o

o

l B e West Linn m

T u M B Washington County a E l A a o Yamhill County V t E i n R u T R O i N v YAMHILL-NEWBERG OR-2 e 40 n - T r

U y

t y

Yamhill t A t

n L n A

a u u

T

o o N i I

C N o r n C t n

h s O o s a

t

Y C R g

m - a h k 1

e n m e re a h C i 4 R k k 1

a oc h

h l c Oregon

e s

i m a

l a

l C C 45°20'0"N l r W City

45°20'0"N e e R k i v e r

E 9 9 -

R

O

T T

S

A

E

Y Y

A

W

H

G

I H

C C I

F I

C

7 A

4 P -

R

O

Y Y

E L Wilsonville L k A e ty

e y

V r n t

u C n N N

I s o

T s e C

A

H

s s L Cou

a

l l A

l

i

U Newberg m

h

T a

k

m

c

a

Bronson Creek a

Y

l

C

Creek vey Carlton Har

PACIFIC I-5 PACIFIC

Dundee Clackamas County Marion County

k e e r ounty C Yamhill C n n a nty c Marion Cou M illi Canby

Hess C 9

re 1 e 2

k - R

O M

o N N la O ll T a

R R i

E v e

V r

L

I S - k O ee Dee Cr

R r

O

B S

L Barlow

L

I H

Lafayette e r R i v a l l l a o eek M Milk Cr ree k g C N oe o p r m th a

Y h

am C h il 3 l 3 River 2 - ission C ek R M r e O 8 r -1 R e O v R i Baker e E Cr ek IV R R N olal O l M la M l Ri L i Aurora ve SA r h m a Y mhill Willamette River Ya County Marion County Donald Dayton

WILSONVILLE-HUBBARD OR-551 ver Ri ll hi m Ya D

o

h h t

u St. v o S e Paul Cree k McMinnville

G r ib ble Cr ee k

SALMON RIVER OR-18

k e e r River

C g

n

e e i

s M d

k C d i u

a l l Cree l C a P

c

k

a ek M Coz Senecal Cre m ine Creek a a r i s o n C C o o u u n n t y ty

SALEM-DAYTON OR-221

Hubbard

k

u e C So th Ya mhill River e re r am C ery r r C

e reek

m

l a

P v e r Ya R i t h m r o u h i l l S e v i R

st F Creek We ork Pa mer Lam g l be rt n S i Be l a o r u d Cree

k 45°10'0"N g

45°10'0"N h d u P

k e re C 3 e 3 t -2 t R u O B N TO Y P ddin DA u g River Y- IT AM

Woodburn

RockC r 4 WOODBURN-ESTACADA OR-211 e

5 e k

1

- R e O r Cre k Kaise

E E

T

T

E

Y

A

F

A

L

R k e o e r c k C Cre

g g ek e

o p m a h E C s t ld a ri E Amity ed C ge lac S ka l m o a u M s C g a o h r u io nt n C y ou nty

E Gervais

Pat terso o n C reek Yamhill County r ion County Salt C e Mar r v eek l BELLEVUE-HOPEWELL OR-153 i R

e t t a e m a l l i W Co eek

m Cr k

e e r

e r

C l t a H S

iver g R Puddin 45°4'56"N

i 122°37'30"W

k e Yamhill County e l r Polk County C m m

a

u q r a l M Mt. Angel B 122°40'0"W s u tte C

r

e

e

k

e

l a

w

S

h h s A ek es Cre Carn OREGON Z olln g Va er C in ll r r eyC eek p r S e ek iver Ath ing R e Creek dd y u P Clatsop Columbia County County

HILLSBORO-SILVERTON OR-214

Tillamook County Hood River Washington Multnomah County County County

e

g Clackamas A ek n biqua Cre County A a Yamhill Map A R County

Area

e t Wasco

g s County Marion n a Polk County

a o County

R C

Linn Jefferson e Lincoln Benton County County County d 13 County -2 OR a H UT SO c Y s HW DE A a

SC

r A

e C Map Symbols

C

v Lane i

ch R Dit County

h g abis L n Lake i k d ee d r County Boundary Deschutes L u C i P e tt le i Willamette River County r O i k Mclaine W a ee R r r - i C 2 l P r 1 l l Silve a l 3 City Boundary Basin m e w e Che o t mawa t Rd OR-99EB e H R Keizer Silverton i v e C Highway r l ag g e tt C 45°0'0"N 45°0'0"N r e ek e re k Street er C Walk E Douglas County Klamath A A Cross Section Coos County County o

C rowley Creek l

a tt Creek gge Cla 122°50'0"W Scale 1:36,000

0 2 4 Miles H

F r uitland C ree Silverton Rd OR- k 0 3 6 Kilometers i 213

y l y t t n

n u

u o

o

C

C

n n k k

l o l i

o r P a This map depicts the Willamette River as it flows from the south through Salem toward Oregon City in the northeast. To emphasize the fluvial features present in the Willamette Valley, a blue gradient was applied to the Willamette,

M s This region, known as the northern Willamette Basin, is bounded to the north by the Chehalem Mountains, to the east Yamhill (North and South), Pudding, Molalla, and Tualatin rivers to represent the relative elevation of the floodplain SALEM OR-99EB by the Cascade Range foothills, to the south by the Waldo Hills and Salem Hills, and to the west by the Eola Hills and above the adjacent river. This enhanced view shows the complex history of channel migration that occurred in the Baskett Slough Lancaster DrOR-213 the Coast Range. Urban centers in this region include the state capitol, Salem, as well as McMinnville, Newberg, northern Willamette Basin after the floods came to an end. This gradient is especially revealing in the Willamette River

Glenn Creek Wilsonville, and Oregon City. This area encompasses fertile farmlands in the lowlands and productive vineyards in the floodplain from Salem north to the confluence with the Yamhill River, where the gradient highlights lateral and h anc western hills. Much of this region’s fertility is a result of sediments left behind by Pleistocene age floods, known as the y Br seasonal channels, oxbow lakes, and the pattern of movement the river has taken over the past twelve millennia. Nar Mc Missoula Floods, which occurred between 15,000 and 12,700 years before present (O’Connor and others, 2001). Outside of the major floodplains, colors represent a standard elevation gradient fading from cool greens in the lowland Evidence of the Missoula floods is seen in many places in the northeast corner of the map (Allison, 1978). The coulee- valley areas to warm oranges in the uplands. This gradient emphasizes smaller stream drainages in the valley while like gap that connects Sherwood and Wilsonville was scoured by overflowing flood waters as they rapidly filled the also showing the hills and mountains that divide sub-basins. Tualatin Basin. Flood evidence is also apparent between Oregon City and Canby, where flood waters reversed the flow of the Willamette and left visible fluvial scarring while washing across the plain at present-day Canby. These events Color gradients were applied to digital elevation models (DEMs) that were created using three-foot resolution bare-

also left a visible channel across the plain between Oregon City and Salem that is now partially occupied by the earth lidar data. Transparent shaded relief and shaded slope layers derived from lidar were also draped on top of the PACIFIC I-5OR-99E PACIFIC Pudding River. DEMs. Separate lidar data were applied to areas that fell within city limits in order to show man-made development 3 WILLAMINA-SALEM OR-22 -22 patterns in relation to the natural landscape. First–return lidar data, also known as highest-hit lidar data, were used to OR L Salem AL W create DEM, shaded relief, and shaded slope layers that were applied to the city limits. The same color gradients were E 9

R 9

K - IC R R S- applied to city limit layers as were applied to the rest of the map. This technique allows the viewer to see man-made A O LL

T T R DA ickrea S l l C structures as well as vegetation patterns within the city limits. Two elevation cross-sections represented by labeled E re

W ek S

Y Y letters and arrows on the map are located below the main map. These cross sections are vertically and horizontally AL A EM L W OR ittle H - exaggerated in order to better visually represent physical features of the landscape. 22

G

I O P R ud H - 99 din EB g C C R I

F i v

I e

C r

A P NORTH SANTIAM OR-22 References: er iv R ek te re et C m lla n Allison, I. S., 1978, Late Pleistocene sediments and floods in the Willamette Valley: Portland, Oregon: Oregon i sa W oi r MillC C r e Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Ore Bin, v. 40, no. 12, p. 193-202. e k O’Connor, J. E., Sarna-Wojcicki, A., Wozniak, K. C., Polette, D. J., and Fleck, R. J., 2001, Origin, extent, and thickness of Quaternary geologic units in the Willamette Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1620, 51 p. 1 5 - R O E C EN D N F E ru EP it D lan N d I C r e e N k or th F o rk A sh C

r e e k Software: Esri ArcMap and ArcGlobe 10, Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop Creative Suite 5.

Projection: North American Datum 1983, Lambert Conformal Conic. Grid ticks displayed in latitude and longitude. S a l e m l l s H i Source data: Lidar-derived elevation data from Oregon Lidar Consortium, 2008, 2009. Digital elevation model (DEM) consists of a 3-foot square elevation grid that was also converted into slope and shaded relief images. Infrastructure and political boundary

44°52'47"N vector layers from Oregon Department of Transportation. Stream layer from Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri). 44°52'45"N 123°10'0"W 123°0'0"W 122°53'7"W Three-dimensional oblique view of the map looking northwest from above Salem towards Woodburn. B 123°15'0"W

NOTICE This map cannot serve as a substitute for site-specific investigations by qualified practitioners. Site-specific data may give results that differ from those shown on the map. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. government.

For copies of this publication contact: Nature of the Northwest Information Center 800 NE Oregon Street, #28, Ste. 965 Portland, Oregon 97232 telephone (971) 673-2331 http://www.NatureNW.org