GJMM Volume 4, Number 1
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Volume 4, Number 1 Print ISSN: 2574-044X Online ISSN: 2574-0458 GLOBAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING Editor (Management): Alan Hamlin Southern Utah University Editor (Marketing): Ruiliang Yan Texas A&M University, Commerce Associate Editor: Murat Arik Middle Tennessee State University The Global Journal of Management and Marketing is owned and published by the Institute for Global Business Research. Editorial content is under the control of the Institute for Global Business Research, which is dedicated to the advancement of learning and scholarly research in all areas of business. Global Journal of Management and Marketing Volume 4, Number 1, 2020 Authors execute a publication permission agreement and assume all liabilities. Institute for Global Business Research is not responsible for the content of the individual manuscripts. Any omissions or errors are the sole responsibility of the authors. The Editorial Board is responsible for the selection of manuscripts for publication from among those submitted for consideration. The Publishers accept final manuscripts in digital form and make adjustments solely for the purposes of pagination and organization. The Global Journal of Management and Marketing is owned and published by the Institute for Global Business Research, 1 University Park Drive, Nashville, TN 37204-3951 USA. Those interested in communicating with the Journal, should contact the Executive Director of the Institute for Global Business Research at [email protected]. Copyright 2020 by Institute for Global Research, Nashville, TN, USA 2 Global Journal of Management and Marketing Volume 4, Number 1, 2020 EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD (Management) Nagendra Kumar Sharma Adrian James Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India Park University Noora Kutty Amye Melton Calicut University Austin Peay State University Olga Matveieva Daniel Morrell Dnipropetrovsk Regional Institute of Public Middle Tennessee State University Administration of the National Academy of Public Administration, Ukraine Irma Setyawati University of Bhayangkara Patrick Geho Middle Tennessee State University John T. Finley Columbus State University Sanjeev Arora BML Munjai University Joseph Thornton Bellarmine University Sharon Thach Tennessee State University Kristie Abston Middle Tennessee State University T.J. Gabriel University of North Georgia Lin Zhao Purdue University Northwest Terry Damron Austin Peay State University Mike Shurden Lander University Terry A. Nelson University of Alaska Anchorage Millicent Nelson Middle Tennessee State Wei He Purdue University NorthwestJohn Cicala (Marketing) Texas A&M University – Kingsville Chuanlan Liu Martin Bressler Louisiana State University Southeastern Oklahoma State University Cynthia Hanson Martin S. Meyers High Point University University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point 3 Global Journal of Management and Marketing Volume 4, Number 1, 2020 Cynthia Rodriguez Cano Mary K. Askim-Lovseth McNeese State University University of North Dakota Demetra Andrews Michael Pass Kelley School of Business, Indianapolis Sam Houston State University Gary J. Brunswick Nur Suhaili Binti Ramli Northern Michigan University University of York, United Kingdom Glen Browdowski Paul Richardson California State University at San Marco Niagara University Ismet Anitsal Paul Sauer Missouri State University Canisius College Jeff Totten Peggy Choong McNeese State University Niagara University Jim DeConinck Saubhagya Bhalla Western Carolina University Panjab University Chandigarh John Cicala Susan Kowalewski Texas A&M University – Kingsville D’Youville College Kathryn Woods Thomas Tanner Austin Peay State University, TN Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania Lewis Hershey Tim Aurand Eastern Michigan University Northern Illinois University M. Meral Anitsal William C. Martin Tennessee Tech University Eastern Washington University Mark Parker William W. Hill, II Niagara College, Canada Mississippi State University Marlene Kahla Stephen F. Austin State University 4 Global Journal of Management and Marketing Volume 4, Number 1, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS E-EXCHANGE, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND VIRTUAL ORGANIZATIONS: FROM C2C SYSTEMS TO SOCIAL NETWORKS ................................................................................. 7 Zinaida Taran, Delta State University ................................................................................ 7 Stephen C. Betts, William Paterson University .................................................................. 7 AN EXAMINATION OF MARKETING PERFORMANCE BY RETAIL CHAIN SIZE AND BRAND ORIGIN IN THE KUWAIT COFFEE SHOP MARKET ............................................. 22 Larry P. Pleshko, Kuwait University ................................................................................ 22 Ahmed Abdulrahman, GUST University (retired) ........................................................... 22 THE INCONGRUENT INFLUENCE OF CONTEXTUAL FACTORS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPOWERING LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEE CREATIVITY............................................................................................................................... 39 Bumpei Sunaguchi, Sugiyama Jogakuen University ........................................................ 39 Masato Fujii, Nagasaki University ................................................................................... 39 MANUFACTURING COMPLEXITY – HOW EXTERNAL COMPLEXITY INFLUENCES THE EFFECTS OF INTERNAL COMPLEXITY ....................................................................... 51 T. J. Gabriel, University of North Georgia ....................................................................... 51 MOTIVES MATTER: THE DEVELOPMENT AND CONSEQUENCES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AUTHENTICITY......................................................................... 69 Mariah Yates, Western Kentucky University ................................................................... 69 MANAGERIAL PERCEPTIONS OF STEM WORKFORCE SUPPLY AND DEMAND ISSUES ......................................................................................................................................... 94 Kristie Abston, Middle Tennessee State University ......................................................... 94 Sam Zaza, Middle Tennessee State University................................................................. 94 Murat Arik, Middle Tennessee State University .............................................................. 94 Patrick Geho, Middle Tennessee State University ........................................................... 94 ANTECEDENTS OF MARKET ORIENTATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION: EMPIRICAL RESULTS FROM FOUR KEY INFORMANT PERSPECTIVES ............................................ 113 Kevin L. Hammond, The University of Tennessee at Martin ......................................... 113 Robert L. Webster, Ouachita Baptist University ............................................................ 113 Nathan L. Hammond, Mississippi State University........................................................ 113 5 Global Journal of Management and Marketing Volume 4, Number 1, 2020 PROJECT MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP AND INTERPERSONAL SKILLS: THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE ........................................................................................................ 135 Valerie P. Denney, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University ........................................... 135 Gordon R. Haley, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University ............................................. 135 Edward Rivera, Columbia University ............................................................................. 135 Daryl V. Watkins, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University ............................................ 135 6 Global Journal of Management and Marketing Volume 4, Number 1, 2020 E-EXCHANGE, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND VIRTUAL ORGANIZATIONS: FROM C2C SYSTEMS TO SOCIAL NETWORKS Zinaida Taran, Delta State University Stephen C. Betts, William Paterson University ABSTRACT The internet revolution gave rise to a number of new business models such as electronically enabled B2C (Business to Consumer), B2B (Business to Business), C2C (Consumer to Consumer) and P2P (Peer to Peer). These new ‘e-exchange’ models were essentially virtual organizations. They were without the legal entities and hierarchical governance structures associated with traditional organizations, but are they exempt from the social responsibilities? These forms developed rapidly and enormous strides were made in information exchange and social media, creating more new forms of virtual organization. The structure and governance of internet-facilitated virtual organizations have grown to be ever more complex. Expectations and mechanisms of meeting social responsibilities have also evolved, however they did so in a fragmented way. In this paper we use stakeholder and path dependence theories as lenses to track the progress and examine the current state of economic, legal, ethical and discretionary social responsibility efforts across the user-participation e- exchange spectrum. Keywords: Social Responsibility, Social Networks, E-Exchange, Virtual Organizations, Path Dependency, Social Identity INTRODUCTION We define ‘e-exchange’ as any of a number of forms of electronically enabled internet based marketplaces for the exchange of products, services, information and ideas. C2C and P2P e-exchanges came first and took place among individuals either selling/buying their goods and services to other individuals or sharing/receiving some resources