DOCSLIB.ORG

David Cleary Source: Latin American Research Review, Vol

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
David Cleary Source: Latin American Research Review, Vol Towards an Environmental History of the Amazon: From Prehistory to the Nineteenth Century Author(s): David Cleary Source: Latin American Research Review, Vol. 36, No. 2 (2001), pp. 64-96 Published by: The Latin American Studies Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2692088 Accessed: 11-07-2015 18:27 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Latin American Studies Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Latin American Research Review. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.227.207.181 on Sat, 11 Jul 2015 18:27:36 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 4~~~~~~~~~~ h Orinoco Essequio Figur1.TMinRvegr St f h AMarajm 'unsII Tocentn lanosde hMojosf I I Figure 1. The Main River Systems of "the Amazon" 64 This content downloaded from 128.227.207.181 on Sat, 11 Jul 2015 18:27:36 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions TOWARDS AN ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF THE AMAZON: FromPrehistory to the NineteenthCentury* David Cleary TheNature Conservancy Abstract:This article reviews the environmental history ofthe Amazon basin from earlyprehistory tothe 1850s, concluding atthe start of the rubber boom. It argues thatthe Amazon's past can be understood interms of a transitionfrom wilderness tolandscape, ina broadlysimilar way to the environmental history ofEurope and NorthAmerica. A detailedoverview of the archaeological record suggests that bothfloodplain and upland environments were heavily influenced byhuman in- terventionduring prehistory. The colonial and early republican periods also saw dramaticenvironmental changes. Interpretations ofthe Amazon that stress envi- ronmentalconstraints onhuman agency or portray itas largelyvirginal or un- settledprior to the modern period are at bestan oversimplification. On bothsides of this river we passedthe most beautifull countrie thatever mine eies beheld; and whereasall thatwe had seenbefore was nothingbut woods, prickles, bushesand thornes,heere we beheld plainesof twenty miles in length, thegrass short and greene, and in diversparts groves of trees bythemselves, as ifthey had been byall theart and labour in theworld so madeof purpose; and stilas we rowedthe Deere camedowne feeding by the waters side, as ifthey had beenused to a keeperscall SirWalter Raleigh, 1596 TheDiscoverie of the Large, Rich andBewtiful Empyre of Guiana *The author would like to thankBill Woods forthe map and help with the archaeology, threeanonymous LARR reviewersfor their help in refiningthe text,and JohnWomack and the Departmentof Historyat Harvard forproviding the new institutionalcontext that gave birthto it. Views expressed are personal and unrelatedto The Nature Conservancy. LatinAmerican Research Review volume 36 number2 ? 2001 65 This content downloaded from 128.227.207.181 on Sat, 11 Jul 2015 18:27:36 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions LatinAmerican Research Review To begin at thebeginning: where is theAmazon, and what is meant by it? This is not as strangea question as it mightseem. The riverthe En- glishlanguage calls theAmazon has threenames in Portugueseand Span- ish. The Amazonas applies only fromthe estuaryto the junctionwith the Rio Negro. Thereafterthe riverbecomes the Solim6es untilit entersPeru, whereit is called theMarafo6n. Scholars typically take refuge in theillusory certaintiesof physicalgeography and use the termAmazon as a synonym forthe Amazon basin,the area drainedby themain channelof the Amazon and its tributaries.But thisapproach is also problematic,since in thispart ofthe world theboundary between land and waterfluctuates. The seasonal rhythmsof climateand rainfallflood large plains on the edges of theAma- zon basin: the grasslands and forestislands of Llanos de Mojos in north- easternBolivia, the Rupununi savanna in the Guyanese interior,and the Pantanalmarshlands in Mato Grosso.These annual floodsextend the capil- larynetwork of Amazonian riversto communicatewith adjoining river sys- temsthat are not partof the Amazon basin: theRupununi to theEssequibo and theMojos to theGuapore and thencevia thePantanal to theheadwaters of the Paraguai. In addition,a permanentwaterway, the Casiquiare Canal, linksthe southern headwaters of the Orinoco with the northern headwaters of the Rio Negro. In theory,with good timingand patience,a small canoe could travelfrom the Orinoco estuaryto the mouthof the Rio de la Plata, one ofthe few journeys apparently never made by some crazed adventurer. These connectionsare not mere geographicalcuriosities. They formedthe basis of an extensivesystem of trade routesprior to the sixteenthcentury thatlinked the Amazon to the Orinoco,the Caribbean,and theAndes.' As ifthese fuzzy boundaries were not enough, definitions of the Ama- zon based on physicalgeography are vulnerableto reductioad absurdum. A numberof river systems in theGuiana Shield,most notably the Essequibo but also includingthe Corantijn,the Maroni,and the Oiapoque, drain into theAtlantic rather than into the Amazon. The mostextreme example is the Brazilianstate of Amapa', on thenorthern shore of the Amazon estuary,rid- dled by riversystems draining into eitherthe Amazon or theAtlantic and thereforesimultaneously part and not part of theAmazon basin. It would be a brave academic or politicianwho argued thatGuyana, Surinam,and FrenchGuiana are notAmazonian countries,even thoughregional hydrog- raphyclearly shows thatamong themthey cannot muster a singleriver that drainsinto the Amazon.2 Anthropological convention likewise dictates that 1. The most detailed work on ancienttrade networks concerns links among theCaribbean, the Andes, the Orinoco, and northernAmazonia. See A. Boomert,"Gifts of the Amazons: GreenstonePendants and Beads as Items of Ceremonial Exchange,"Antropologica 67 (1987): 33-54; and Neil Whitehead,"The Mazaruni Pectoral:A Golden ArtefactDiscovered in Guyana and the Historical Sources ConcerningNative Metallurgyin the Caribbean, Orinoco, and NorthernAmazonia," Archaeologyand Anthropology7 (1990):19-36. 2. One could quibble thatFrench Guiana is not a countrybut an overseas departmentof 66 This content downloaded from 128.227.207.181 on Sat, 11 Jul 2015 18:27:36 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF THE AMAZON themany indigenous peoples of the Guianas are unambiguouslyAmazon- ian, while maps ofthe distribution of "Amazonian language families"take in the southernCaribbean and much of the Orinoco.3Virtually no one ac- tuallymeans the Amazon when saying it,and this articleis no exception. The area is vaguelydefined, taking in mostof the northern and centraltropi- cal lowlands of South America,and is not restrictedto theAmazon basin. Sometimesit stretches as faras thesouthern Caribbean coast or theOrinoco or Paraguay,sometimes it does not. But howeverscholars choose not to defineit, the Amazon is, trueto stereotype,the mostbiodiverse place in the world. The listsof numbersof species become steadilymore meaningless with repetition-how can scien- tistsknow how manyspecies are unknown?What is clear is thatno taxon- omy,indigenous or scientific,adequately captures the full variety of habitats and ecosystemsthat the region contains. Beyond thegeneral distinction be- tween varzeafloodplain and upland terrafirme, no standardtaxonomy ex- istsof regional environments, although several attemptshave been made.4 Classificationbecomes an exercisein fractalgeometry: the closer one comes, themore underlying patterns of complexity reveal themselves. It is an enor- mous ironythat this complexity, taken for granted and enthusiasticallycat- alogued forover three centuries in specialistcircles, coexists with a tradition oferudite and popular representationof tropical nature in theAmazon that stressesits uniformityand monotony.Not the least of the complicationsof writingabout theAmazon is the persistenceof these stubbornrepresenta- tionalconventions, which have conditionedperceptions of the region from thecolonial period to thepresent. Forests, however classified, are portrayed as virginaland primeval.The regionitself is seen as impenetrable,when a simple glance at a map shows thatno place on earthoffers more avenues of penetration.The mere notion of an environmentalhistory of the Amazon thereforeimmediately leads to a paradox: eitherit will be the historyof a naturaldomain thatcan have no historyexcept for the tale ofits destruction, France,but the inclusionof Surinam and Guyana in theAmazon Pact clearlyshows thatthe Guianas are regardedinternationally as Amazonian. One ofthe many interesting things about themis theinterstice they occupy between theAmazon and theCaribbean. For example,they were regarded as part of the Caribbean world by theircolonial masters,and cricketis the national sport of Guyana. They exemplifythe fuzziness of regional boundaries discussed here. 3. See, forexample, Peter Riviere's setting of Guiana Amerindiansin a broaderAmazonian contextin Individualand Societyin Guiana:A ComparativeStudy of Amerindian Social Organiza- tion(Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress, 1984); and the foundationalmap ofAmazon-
Load more

Recommended publications
  • In Search of the Amazon: Brazil, the United States, and the Nature of A
    IN SEARCH OF THE AMAZON AMERICAN ENCOUNTERS/GLOBAL INTERACTIONS A series edited by Gilbert M. Joseph and Emily S. Rosenberg This series aims to stimulate critical perspectives and fresh interpretive frameworks for scholarship on the history of the imposing global pres- ence of the United States. Its primary concerns include the deployment and contestation of power, the construction and deconstruction of cul- tural and political borders, the fluid meanings of intercultural encoun- ters, and the complex interplay between the global and the local. American Encounters seeks to strengthen dialogue and collaboration between histo- rians of U.S. international relations and area studies specialists. The series encourages scholarship based on multiarchival historical research. At the same time, it supports a recognition of the represen- tational character of all stories about the past and promotes critical in- quiry into issues of subjectivity and narrative. In the process, American Encounters strives to understand the context in which meanings related to nations, cultures, and political economy are continually produced, chal- lenged, and reshaped. IN SEARCH OF THE AMAzon BRAZIL, THE UNITED STATES, AND THE NATURE OF A REGION SETH GARFIELD Duke University Press Durham and London 2013 © 2013 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ♾ Designed by Heather Hensley Typeset in Scala by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in - Publication Data Garfield, Seth. In search of the Amazon : Brazil, the United States, and the nature of a region / Seth Garfield. pages cm—(American encounters/global interactions) Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]
  • Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) in the Orinoco River Basin
    14 1 101 NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 14 (1): 101–106 https://doi.org/10.15560/14.1.101 First record of the miniature catfishMalacoglanis gelatinosus Myers & Weitzman, 1966 (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) in the Orinoco river basin Diana C. Montoya-Ospina,1 Juan G. Albornoz-Garzón,1 Jorge E. García-Melo,1, 2 Francisco A. Villa-Navarro,1 Carlos DoNascimiento3 1 Universidad del Tolima, Departamento de Biología, Grupo de Investigación en Zoología, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia. 2 Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Ictiología, Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática, Bogotá, Colombia. 3 Colecciones Biológicas, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia. Corresponding author: Diana C. Montoya-Ospina, [email protected] Abstract Malacoglanis gelatinosus, a species of miniature catfish of the family Trichomycteridae, is only known from 4 speci- mens from the Amazon basin. Recently, we collected 3 specimens from the upper basin of the Meta River, a tributary of the Orinoco. This is the first record of M. gelatinosus from the Orinoco river basin, which significantly expands the known geographic distribution of this species, making it one of the most broadly distributed species within the subfamily Sarcoglanidinae. High-resolution photographs of specimens, remarks on character variation, and an updated distribution in Colombia are provided. Key words Meta River; Neotropical region; Sarcoglanidinae; South America. Academic editor: Gabriela Echevarría | Received 1 November 2017 | Accepted 28 November 2017 | Published 12 January 2018 Citation: Montoya-Ospina DC, Albornoz-Garzón JG, García-Melo JE, Villa-Navarro FA, DoNascimiento C (2018) First record of the miniature catfish Malacoglanis gelatinosus Myers & Weitzman, 1966 (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) in the Orinoco river basin, Venezuela.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Assemblages of the Casiquiare River, a Corridor And
    Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2008) 35, 1551–1563 ORIGINAL Fish assemblages of the Casiquiare River, ARTICLE a corridor and zoogeographical filter for dispersal between the Orinoco and Amazon basins Kirk O. Winemiller1*, Herna´nLo´pez-Ferna´ndez1 , Donald C. Taphorn2, Leo G. Nico3 and Aniello Barbarino Duque4 1Section of Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and ABSTRACT Systematics, Department of Wildlife and Aim The aim of this study was to determine whether the Casiquiare River Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, 2Museo de Ciencias functions as a free dispersal corridor or as a partial barrier (i.e. filter) for the Naturales, UNELLEZ, BioCentro, Guanare, interchange of fish species of the Orinoco and Negro/Amazon basins using species Portuguesa, Venezuela, 3Florida Integrated assemblage patterns according to geographical location and environmental Science Center, United States Geological features. 4 Survey, Gainesville, FL, USA and Instituto Location The Casiquiare, Upper Orinoco and Upper Negro rivers in southern Nacional de Investigaciones Agrı´colas, Estacio´n Venezuela, South America. Experimental Apure, San Fernando de Apure, Apure, Venezuela Methods Our study was based on an analysis of species presence/absence data and environmental information (11 habitat characteristics) collected by the authors and colleagues between the years 1984 and 1999. The data set consisted of 269 sampled sites and 452 fish species (> 50,000 specimens). A wide range of habitat types was included in the samples, and the collection sites were located at various points along the entire length of the Casiquiare main channel, at multiple sites on its tributary streams, as well as at various nearby sites outside the Casiquiare drainage, within the Upper Orinoco and Upper Rio Negro river systems.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CARTOGRAPHY of ALEXANDER Von HUMBOLDT
    e a 2 inch top margin. THE CARTOGRAPHY OF ALEXANDER von HUMBOLDT: IMAGES OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN AMERICA by ROBERT M. SHERWOOD III Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON MAY 2008 Copyright © by Robert M. Sherwood III 2008 All Rights Reserved (This page can be included in your document whether or not you choose to register your document and pay the copyright fee.) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Alexander von Humboldt's maps and images are from Atlas géographique et physique du royaume de la Nouvelle-Espagne, 1808, courtesy of the David Rumsey Map Collection. David graciously allowed me full access to his magnificent library in San Francisco, and librarian Philip Hoehn was an invaluable source of information during my four days of research there. Humboldt's sketch of General Chart of the Kingdom of New Spain and Zebulon M. Pike's Map of the Internal Provinces of New Spain are from The Virginia Garrett Cartographic Collection, courtesy of The University of Texas at Arlington Libraries. A study of Southwest cartographic history cannot be complete until one visits the Virginia Garrett Cartographic History Library at the University of Texas at Arlington. Similarly, the works of UTA professors Richard Francaviglia, David Buisseret, Dennis Reinhartz, and Gerald Saxon are required reading. It has been my good fortune to work under the tutelage of these distinguished cartographic historians for the past several years. I am grateful to my colleagues who made important contributions to this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Hin XXI, 41 (2020): Alexander Von Humboldt's
    Internationale Zeitschrift für Humboldt-Studien International Review for Humboldt Studies Revista internacional de estudios humboldtianos Revue internationale d’études humboldtiennes HiN ISSN (online) 1617-5239 HiN XXI, 41 (2020) ISSN (print) 2568-3543 Beiträge Jörn Seemann Alexander von Humboldt’s Search for the Casiquiare Canal: Movements, Measurements, Maps ABSTracT ren, die zur Entwicklung spezifischer Praktiken des Though Humboldt’s travels to the Americas have „Wissenschaffens“ in Bewegung führte. Humboldts been analyzed from a wide range of viewpoints, Suche nach den Verbindungen zwischen den Was- there are specific aspects that still await further sereinzugsgebieten des Orinoco und des Amazo- investigation. Little is written about Humboldt in nasflusses sowie die daraus resultierenden Karten the field, specifically how he moved between dif- und Zeichnungen dienen als Beispiel, um seinen ferent locations and simultaneously measured and kartografischen Impuls bei seinem Bestreben, die mapped places and phenomena. The aim of this physische Welt zu verstehen und zu erklären, her- article is to discuss the triad movement-measure- vorzuheben. ment-map that led to the development of spe- cific practices of knowledge building on the move. RESUMEN Humboldt’s search for the connections between Aunque los viajes de Humboldt a las Américas han the watersheds of the Orinoco and the Amazon sido analizados desde una amplia gama de puntos rivers and the resulting maps and drawings are de vista, hay aspectos específicos que aún espe- used as an example to point out his cartographic ran una mayor investigación. Poco se escribe sobre impulse in his quest to understand and explain the Humboldt en el campo, específicamente cómo se physical world.
    [Show full text]
  • The Journeys of Humboldt: a Guide to Efrain Oscher's Composition For
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2015 The ourJ neys of Humboldt: A Guide to Efrain Oscher’s Composition for Orchestra Bernardo Virgilio Miethe Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Music Commons Recommended Citation Miethe, Bernardo Virgilio, "The ourJ neys of Humboldt: A Guide to Efrain Oscher’s Composition for Orchestra" (2015). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 3713. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3713 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. THE JOURNEYS OF HUMBOLDT: A GUIDE TO EFRAIN OSCHER’S COMPOSITION FOR ORCHESTRA A Monograph Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts in The School of Music by Bernardo Virgilio Miethe Flores B.M., The University of Southern Mississippi, 2010 M.M., The University of Southern Mississippi, 2012 May 2015 Acknowledgements After being a student of music for eighteen years, there are many mentors and kind-hearted people who have helped me through my journey. First, I want to thank my parents Sara and Federico Miethe for their relentless support through my life. Their sacrifices of buying me a flute when our family didn’t have the means, their commitment on driving me two hours to Caracas every Saturday so that I could learn from the best teachers, their patience as I blasted classical music in the middle of the night from my room, and their words, which I constantly hear, were to always strive for perfection even if perfection was unattainable.
    [Show full text]
  • For People Who Love Maps Journal Advertising
    16 0 INTERNATIONAL MAP COLLECTORS’ SOCIETY MARCH 2020 No. 16 0 Fine & Rare Antique Maps, Sea Charts, Town Views & Atlases R areMaps.com 7407 La Jolla Blvd. | La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] | 858.551.8500 FOR PEOPLE WHO LOVE MAPS JOURNAL ADVERTISING 4 issues per year Colour BW Index of Advertisers Full page (same copy) £1050 - Half page (same copy) £700 - Altea Gallery 58 Quarter page (same copy) £405 - Antiquariaat Sanderus 47 For a single issue Full page £425 - Barry Lawrence Ruderman outside back cover Half page £285 - Carta Historica 4 Quarter page £165 - Cartographic Associates 4 Advertisement formats for print Clive A. Burden Ltd 59 We can accept advertisements as print ready CMYK 52 artwork saved as tiff, high quality jpegs or pdf files. Collecting Old Maps It is important to be aware that artwork and files Daniel Crouch Rare Books 48 that have been prepared for the web are not of sufficient quality for print. Full artwork specifications are available Dominic Winter Book Auctioneers 42 on request. Doyle 32 2 Advertisement sizes Forum Auctions Please note recommended image dimensions below: Frame 64 Full page advertisements should be 216 mm high x 158 mm wide and 300–400 ppi at this size. Jonathan Potter 20 Half page advertisements are landscape and 105 mm Le Bail-Weissert 64 high x 158 mm wide and 300–400 ppi at this size. Quarter page advertisements are portrait and are Loeb-Larocque 62 105 mm high x 76 mm wide and 300–400 ppi. The Map House inside front cover IMCoS website Web banner Martayan Lan 61 Those who advertise in our Journal have priority in taking Moleiro 56 a web banner also.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander Von Humboldt
    EVOLUTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL THOUGHT PAPER-601 SEM-VI Alexander von Humboldt Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14September 1769 – 6 May 1859) was a Prussian polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher, and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835). Humboldt's quantitative work on botanical geography laid the foundation for the field of biogeography. Humboldt's advocacy of long-term systematic geophysical measurement laid the foundation for modern geomagnetic and meteorological monitoring. Between 1799 and 1804, Humboldt travelled extensively in the Americas, exploring and describing them for the first time from a modern scientific point of view. His description of the journey was written up and published in an enormous set of volumes over 21 years. Humboldt was one of the first people to propose that the lands bordering the Atlantic Ocean were once joined (South America and Africa in particular). Humboldt resurrected the use of the word cosmos from the ancient Greek and assigned it to his multivolume treatise, Cosmos, in which he sought to unify diverse branches of scientific knowledge and culture. This important work also motivated a holistic perception of the universe as one interacting entity. He was the first person to describe the phenomenon and cause of human-induced climate change, in 1800 and again in 1831, based on observations generated during his travels. Early life and education Alexander von Humboldt was born in Berlin in Prussia on 14 September 1769. He was baptized as a baby in the Lutheran faith, with the Duke of Brunswick serving as godfather.
    [Show full text]
  • The Forest Pulse” Revista De Biología Tropical, Vol
    Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Olivero, Jesús; Ferri, Francisco; Acevedo, Pelayo; Lobo, Jorge M.; Fa, John E.; Farfán, Miguel Á.; Romero, David; The Amazonian communities of Cascaradura, Niñal, Curimacare, Chapazón, Solano and Guzmán Blanco; Real, Raimundo Using indigenous knowledge to link hyper-temporal land cover mapping with land use in the Venezuelan Amazon: “The Forest Pulse” Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 64, núm. 4, 2016, pp. 1661-1682 Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44947539024 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Using indigenous knowledge to link hyper-temporal land cover mapping with land use in the Venezuelan Amazon: “The Forest Pulse” Jesús Olivero1*, Francisco Ferri2,3, Pelayo Acevedo4, Jorge M. Lobo2, John E. Fa1,5,6, Miguel Á. Farfán1, David Romero1, the Amazonian communities of Cascaradura, Niñal, Curimacare, Chapazón, Solano and Guzmán Blanco7 & Raimundo Real1 1. Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2. Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC & Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global CSIC-PUC (LINCGlobal), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 3.
    [Show full text]
  • The Archaeology of the Caribbean
    International Library of Archaeology http://www.historiayarqueologia.com/group/library P1:FCW 0521623339pre CUFX124/Wilson 052162333 2 June 11, 2007 14:23 This page intentionally left blank International Library of Archaeology i http://www.historiayarqueologia.com/group/library P1:FCW 0521623339pre CUFX124/Wilson 052162333 2 June 11, 2007 14:23 THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE CARIBBEAN The Archaeology of the Caribbean is a comprehensive synthesis of Carib- bean prehistory from the earliest settlement by humans more than 6,000 years ago to the time of European conquest of the islands, from the fifteenth through seventeenth centuries. Samuel Wilson reviews the evidence for migration and cultural change throughout the archipelago, dealing in particular with periods of cultural interaction when groups with different cultures and histories were in contact. He also examines the evolving relationship of the Caribbean people with their environ- ment, as they developed increasingly productive economic systems over time, as well as the emergence of increasingly complex social and polit- ical systems, particularly in the Greater Antilles in the centuries before the European conquest. The Archaeology of the Caribbean also provides a review of the history of Caribbean archaeology and the individual scholars and ideas that have shaped the field. International Library of Archaeology Samuel M. Wilson is professor and chairman of the department of anthropology at the University of Texas, Austin. He is the author of several books, including most recently The Prehistory
    [Show full text]
  • Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
    Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. 7407 La Jolla Boulevard www.raremaps.com (858) 551-8500 La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] Provincia Quitensis. Societatis Iesu in America Topographica exhibita nec non A.R.P. Ignatio Vicecomiti In Comitus Generalibus Ao. 1751 Stock#: 33865hs Map Maker: Petroschi / Brentano Date: 1751 Place: Rome Color: Outline Color Condition: VG Size: 36.5 x 25.5 inches Price: SOLD Description: Fine example of the rare Giovanni Petroschi - Carolo Brentano map of the Northern part of South America, compiled by the Jesuit Society in America from Jesuit and other contemporary sources. The Petroschi - Brentano map embraces all of the northern part of South America and part of the isthmus of Central America, within the equatorial regions between 16 degrees North and 16 degrees South of latitude, including the entire region drained by the Amazon River. Its stated purpose was to depict the Jesuit ecclesiastical Province of Quito, which included all of modern Ecuador, northern Peru, Colombia, much of Venezuela, and the Pacific coast of Panama. In effect, however, it is a fantastically detailed and highly sophisticated general map of the Northern part of Latin America, depicting the region's innumerable rivers and their tributaries, along with dozens of towns and missions. The map depicts in red the Jesuit provincial boundary line and the locations of various ecclesiastical institutions. The title cartouche is surmounted by the three graces, in a magnificent expression of the Baroque splendor that typified the Jesuit style. The roundel near the center features the portrait of the Superior General of the Jesuit Order, Ignacio Visconti.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Narratives
    Historical Narratives Volume 14 | 2017-2018 The Undergraduate History Journal of Wesleyan University Historical Narratives Volume 14 | 2017-2018 Editors-in-Chief: Steven Chen Ilana Newman Hai Lun Tan Editorial Staff: Allegra Ayida Christopher Cepil Azher Jaweed Sophie Martin Faculty Advisors: Demetrius Eudell Gary Shaw A Note from the Editors Historical Narratives is the undergraduate history journal of Wesleyan University. In this fourteenth volume of the publication, we continue in the tradition of celebrating student work while providing a platform for academic discourse. The pages that follow feature a wide variety of papers, reflecting the multifarious interests of the student body. This collection of essays consists of environmental, to economic, and social histories while exploring topics of the Amazon, gender, and religious rhetoric. History, as a profession and discipline, allows us to grapple with and make sense of the past. History also sheds light on and preserves the lives, cultures, and stories of the past. The study of history engages us in a mode of historical thinking that allows us to critique moments of historical immorality and constructed narratives. Furthermore, assessing our shared histories can inform our present and guide us into the future. Now, more than ever, historical inquiry urges us to contemplate and evaluate the dimensions of our current socio-economic and political moment. This journal would not have been possible without the enthusiastic contributions from the student body and the support from the History Department. Thank you to the various professors who believe in the possibilities of undergraduate research. Your knowledge and guidance fostered our transformation from students of history to historians-in- training.
    [Show full text]