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Review of International Geographical Education REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL EDUCATION ISSN: 2146-0353 ● © RIGEO ● 10(2), SPRING, 2020 www.rigeo.org Research Article The Effects of Industrial Development Transformation: A Geographical Perspective Study on Kerteh Community, Malaysia Mohd Haizam Saudi1 Shahirah Mohd Khori2 Widyatama University, Bandung, Indonesia Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin3 Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi4 Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Centre of Water Engineering Technology, Water and Energy Section, Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia Malaysia France Institute, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, 43650, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Mohd Armi Abu Samah5 Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud6 Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Earth Observation Center, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota,25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Siti Nor Aisyah Bati7 Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah8 East Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESERI), Universiti Sultan Zainal Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Malaysia Nur Zafiratul Yaacob9 Nur Ili Hasmida Mustaffa10 Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong East Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESERI), Universiti Sultan Zainal Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 3 Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected] Abstract The industrial area of Kerteh was perceived to be rapidly evolving from a fishing village to an urban area. In addition, industrial growth has led to a shift in the living standards of the population and socio-economy, which are the original inhabitants of the city. However, some of the other villages held true to the ideals and customs of the rural society, even as industrial growth was taking place. An effect of this development, the population has been increasing and growing many job opportunities in the industrial sector. From this statement, the researcher had chosen this research to identify the positive and negative impacts of industrial development at Kerteh. Apart from that, the researcher also identified the needs of the respondents according to current developments as well as analyzed the effects of industrial development transformation on Kerteh community. This research conducted using descriptive statistics. The researcher gets the database on the distribution of the questionnaire to 380 respondents around Kerteh as a sample of research. Finding from this study indicates that there has been a shift in the socioeconomic population pattern following the transition of industrial growth at Kerteh, which offers a range of job opportunities. They can also extend the service market, for example, in the business sector. Therefore, this finding will be able to contribute to urban planning such as the development of industries, especially for the Local Authority (PBT) at Kerteh in a sustainable manner. Keywords Industrial Development, Effects, Needs, Descriptive Statistic, Malaysia To cite this article: Saudi, M, H.; Khori, S, M.; Kamarudin, M, K, A.; Saudi, A, S, M.; Samah, M, A, A.; Maulud, K, N, A.; Bati, S, N, A.; Hamzah, F, M.; Yaacob, N, Z.; and Mustaffa, N, I, H. (2021) The Effects of Industrial Development Transformation: A Geographical Perspective Study on Kerteh Community, Malaysia. Review of International Geographical Education (RIGEO), 10(2), X-X. doi: 10.33403/rigeo.XXXXX Submitted: 20-01-2021 ● Revised: 15-02-2021 ● Accepted: 25-03-2021 © RIGEO ● Review of International Geographical Education 10(2), Spring 2020 Introduction Transformation in Malaysia is often associated with the impact on economic growth. The transformation mentioned through economic growth is considered a 'cure' from continuing to be trapped in poverty, especially in rural areas (Azid et al., 2015; Wahab, 2010). Through the New Economic Policy (NEP), the government has sought to advance development to rural areas to encourage progress in an area and show that the rural municipal process begins. This is implemented to overcome the problems of poverty, unemployment, and rural migration to the city. According to Losch et al. (2012), development is known as transformation into a society that involves changes from the aspect of traditional thinking and methods to more modern ways. In other words, development can improve all aspects of human life. This is what Stoner et al. (2011), says, as a multi-dimensional development. From a general point of view, the expression transformation has a definition that shows the level in improving or further improving a system or situation for the better. According to Ibrahim (2009), in the context of sociology, transformation is a process of change related to human life. This is a combination of changes from social, economic, and political aspects that explain the changes that occur in a group of people from one situation to a better situation. Although, the transformation has led to positive change at the same time it also has the opposite impact on development due to inefficiency of planning or lack of preparation of local people to accept the process of change as a result of the impact of industrial development. Therefore, according to Flint (2013), society needs to be prepared in the face of the process of change that will be accepted because industrial development will further boost economic progress beyond the ability of the physical environment to maintain the sustainability of local community life. The industry refers to a way that allows for a change in the economy from a domestic economic structure such as traditional agriculture to subsistence with a modern economy that will lead to the emergence of different cities and industrial areas (Jaafar, Toriman, Mastura, et al., 2010; Kamarudin et al., 2017). The existence of Development is closely related to the industrial process. According to Bayarcelik et al. (2012), the development process that has taken place has further developed the industrial sector and resulted in the development of the agricultural sector is declining. This industrial development has indirectly led to an increase in the population in the areas. According to Rashid et al. (2017), this is because rural workers are attracted to the opening of new urban areas after all it provides many new job opportunities. They can also expand the services sector such as business (Bayarcelik et al., 2012). The influx of people from other states into industrial areas will create internal migration to meet the needs of life. However, the existing migration will cause economic competition between the native inhabitants and the migrant population who come (Jaafar, Toriman, Idris, et al., 2010; Rashid et al., 2017). Besides, this study was conducted in all villages located in Kerteh which consists of 20 villages. The main topic of this study is the transformation of industrial development: a study on the well-being of the people of Kerteh. Based on this research the researcher is interested to explore more based on the objective, problem statement, and also finding that will be got. Literature Review The need for development for the well-being of human life and the importance of maintaining environmental integrity is a parallel demand. The well-being of human life needs to be supported to maintain environmental health. Definitions and issues on the transformation of development, community well-being, and quality of life will be explained more clearly so that research can be done correctly covering social, economic, environmental, educational, and health aspects (Portney, 2013). The literature review is obtained through journals, books, reports, etc. as a reference to determine the validity of the information. According to Morgado et al. (2017), a description of research results, recommendations, knowledge, and problems of previous studies. The industrial revolution that took place in the West in the 17th century, not only has changed the traditional way of life to modern, however, the more important thing is to be able to solve the socio-economic problems faced by society. In this context Svensson et al. (2012), in his study also explain about cities and municipality are directly and closely related to the industrial process. 2 Saudi, M, H.; Khori, S, M.; Kamarudin, M, K, A.; Saudi, A, S, M.; Samah, M, A, A.; Maulud, K, N, A.; Bati … After that, development is a process of change that covers the whole system such as social, political, economic, infrastructure, security, education and technology, constitutional and cultural development is a process of change that covers the whole system such as social, political, economic, infrastructure, security, education and technology, constitution and culture (Altbach et al., 2011; Kamarudin et al., 2015). Today, the transformation of transformation is seen in national development covering economic, social, and cultural which showcases various strategies in achieving the well-being of human life. Transformation in the economic structure can be seen through the increase of growth of productive productivity in the industrial sector to have a positive impact on national income (Schneider et al., 2011). Thus, according
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