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Linux Installation and Getting Started Linux Installation and Getting Started 1992–1998 Matt Welsh Phil Hughes David Bandel Boris Beletsky Sean Dreilinger Robert Kiesling Evan Liebovitch Henry Pierce Version 3.2, 20 February 1998. This book is meant for UNIX novices and gurus alike. It contains information on how to obtain Linux, software installation, a tutorial for new Linux users, and an introduction to system administration. It is meant to be general enough to be appli- cable to any distribution of Linux. You may freely copy and redistribute this book under certain conditions. Please see the copyright and distribution statement. Names of all products herein are used for identification purposes only and are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc., makes no claim of ownership or corporate association with the products or companies that own them. Copyright ­c 1992-1996 Matt Welsh Copyright ­c 1998 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc (SSC) P.O. Box 55549 Seattle, WA 98155-0549 USA Phone: +1-206-782-7733 Fax: +1-206-782-7191 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.ssc.com/ Linux Installation and Getting Started is a free document; you may reproduce and/or modify it under the terms of version 2 (or, at your option, any later version) of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation. This book is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; with- out even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PUR- POSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details, in Appendix C. The authors encourage wide distribution of this book for personal or commercial use, provided the above copyright notice remains intact and the method adheres to the provisions of the GNU General Public License (see Appendix C). In summary, you may copy and distribute this book free of charge or for a profit. No explicit permission is required from the author for reproduction of this book in any medium, physical or electronic. Note, derivative works and translations of this document must be placed under the GNU General Public License, and the original copyright notice must remain intact. If you have contributed new material to this book, you must make the source code (e.g., LATEX source) available for your revi- sions. Please make revisions and updates available directly to the document maintainers, Specialized Systems Consultants. This will allow for the merging of updates and provide consistent revisions to the Linux community. If you plan to publish and distribute this book commercially, donations, royalties, and/or printed copies are greatly appreciated by the authors and the Linux Documentation Project. Contributing in this way shows your support for free software and the Linux Documentation Project. If you have questions or comments, please contact SSC. Contents Preface ix Hints for UNIX novices. x Hints for UNIX gurus. xi Audience. xii Organization. xii Acknowledgments. xiii Cedits and legalese. xiv Conventions. xv 1 Introduction to Linux 1 1.1 About this book. 2 1.2 A brief history of Linux. 3 1.3 System features. 5 1.4 Software features. 6 1.4.1 Text processing and word processing. 8 1.4.2 Programming languages and utilities. 11 1.4.3 Introduction to the X Window System. 12 1.4.4 Introduction to Networking. 13 1.4.5 Telecommunications and BBS software. 14 1.4.6 World Wide Web. 15 1.4.7 Interfacing and MS-DOS. 16 1.4.8 Other applications. 17 1.5 Copyright issues. 18 1.6 The design and philosophy of Linux. 19 1.7 Differences between Linux and other operating systems. 21 1.8 Hardware requirements. 25 i ii CONTENTS 1.9 Sources of Linux information. 29 1.9.1 Online documents. 29 1.9.2 Linux on the World Wide Web. 30 1.9.3 Books and other published works. 30 1.9.4 Usenet newsgroups. 31 1.9.5 Internet mailing lists. 33 1.10 Getting Help with Linux. 33 2 Obtaining and Installing Linux 36 2.1 Generic installation. 36 2.1.1 Major Linux distributions. 37 2.1.2 Common concerns. 37 2.1.3 Hardware. 38 2.1.4 Planning. 39 2.1.5 System planning worksheet. 39 2.1.6 Mice. 40 2.1.7 Considering Hard drives and CD-ROMs. 41 2.1.8 Disk drives under Linux. 42 2.1.9 Installing The X Window System . 42 2.1.10 Networking hardware. 43 2.1.11 Planning, Part 2. 44 2.1.12 Partitioning strategies. 44 2.1.13 The swap partition. 47 2.1.14 Repartitioning. 47 2.1.15 Backing up your old system. 48 2.1.16 FIPS.EXE .............................. 49 2.1.17 Preparing to boot Linux. 50 2.1.18 Creating a Linux boot disk under DOS. 50 2.1.19 Creating a Linux boot disk under Linux. 50 2.1.20 Partitioning the hard disk: fdisk and cfdisk. .......... 51 2.2 Linux distributions. 53 2.3 Debian GNU/Linux. 54 2.3.1 Debian GNU/Linux installation features. 54 2.3.2 Getting floppy images. 54 2.3.3 Downloading the packages. 56 2.3.4 Booting from floppies and installing Debian GNU/Linux. 56 CONTENTS iii 2.3.5 Running Debian GNU/Linux. 64 2.3.6 dselect. .............................. 67 2.3.7 dpkg.................................. 69 2.3.8 About Debian GNU/Linux. 71 2.3.9 Mailing lists. 71 2.3.10 Bug tracking system. 72 2.3.11 Debian Acknowledgments. 72 2.3.12 Last note. 73 2.4 Red Hat Linux. 73 2.4.1 Red Hat Linux installation features. 73 2.4.2 The RPM package management system. 73 2.4.3 A note about upgrading Red Hat Linux. 74 2.4.4 Creating the installation floppies. 75 2.4.5 Installation media. 76 2.4.6 Customizing your NFS or hard drive installation. 77 2.4.7 Recommended minimal installation. 79 2.4.8 How much space do you really need? . 80 2.4.9 Installation. 80 2.4.10 Installation media revisited. 80 2.4.11 Walking through the rest of the installation. 82 2.4.12 After installation. 84 2.5 Caldera OpenLinux . 85 2.5.1 Obtaining Caldera OpenLinux. 85 2.5.2 Preparing to install Caldera OpenLinux. 86 2.5.3 Creating boot/modules floppies. 86 2.5.4 Preparing the hard disks. 87 2.6 Slackware . 87 2.6.1 Slackware is not for you. (Or maybe it is.) . 88 2.6.2 A quick history. 88 2.6.3 Why, then? . 89 2.6.4 Upgrade? Think twice! . 89 2.6.5 Select an installation method. 90 2.6.6 Boot disks: always a good thing. 92 2.6.7 Slackware setup worksheet. 92 2.6.8 Making Slackware happen. 102 2.6.9 Build some boot disks. 103 iv CONTENTS 2.6.10 Boot into action. 103 2.6.11 The Slackware setup program. 103 2.6.12 Is that all? . 104 2.6.13 Troubleshooting difficult deliveries. 105 2.6.14 Basking in the afterglow. 106 2.6.15 Consider reinstalling! . 106 2.6.16 Secure the system. 107 2.7 S.u.S.E. 109 2.7.1 Beginning the installation. 109 2.7.2 S.u.S.E Post-installation. 110 2.7.3 Getting X up and running. 111 2.7.4 Later upgrades. 112 2.8 Post-installation procedures. 112 2.9 Running into trouble. 113 2.9.1 Problems with booting the installation media . 113 2.9.2 Hardware problems. 116 2.9.3 Problems installing the software. 120 2.9.4 Problems after installing Linux. 122 3 Linux Tutorial 131 3.1 Introduction. ..
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