DOCSLIB.ORG

FACTORS INFLUENCING COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOUR in PAKISTANI ORGANISATIONS * Iram Tahir, Akhtar Baloch & Sobia Shujaat Abstract

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
FACTORS INFLUENCING COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOUR in PAKISTANI ORGANISATIONS * Iram Tahir, Akhtar Baloch & Sobia Shujaat Abstract FACTORS INFLUENCING COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOUR IN PAKISTANI ORGANISATIONS * Iram Tahir, Akhtar Baloch & Sobia Shujaat Abstract This paper attempts to investigate the prevalence of interpersonal workplace aggression (IWA), organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) and counterproductive work behaviours (CWBs) among employees in Pakistani organisations. Interpersonal workplace aggression, organisational citizenship behaviours and counterproductive work behaviours were measured through adopted instruments, after establishing the validity of measures. The population of the study included private sector organisations in Pakistan. Data was collected by administering close-ended questionnaires to a sample of 123 respondents, selected through convenience sampling design. Data were analysed, using descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regressions statistical tools. The results indicated significant positive relationship between IWA and counterproductive work behaviours, whereas, significant negative relationship was found between organisational citizenship behaviours and counterproductive work behaviours. The study’s implications, limitations and directions for future studies are discussed. Key Words: Interpersonal Workplace Aggression, Counterproductive Work Behaviours, Organisational Citizenship Behaviours. Introduction nterpersonal workplace aggression (IWA) has been identified as a major I negative organisational occurrence that has the potential to create a verbally and physically abusive environment for employees in an organisation, either through direct or indirect aggressive behaviours. Studies have looked at IWAs in the context of personality trait1 as well as organisational predictors2, and even gender.3 However, notwithstanding the causes of aggressive behaviour in organisations, it has been found to result *Ms Iram Tahir is a PhD Scholar, Department of Public Administration University of Karachi. Dr Akhtar Baloch is Vice Chancellor Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University, Karachi. Ms Sobia Shujaat is Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad. ISSRA Papers Volume-X, Issue-I, 2018 140 IRAM TAHIR, AKHTAR BALOCH & SOBIA SHUJAAT in emotional and mental damage for the targets as well as aggressors. It has also been found to be a major cause of several negative outcomes for organisations, when targets look to escape the aggression, and when that is not possible, to retaliate in like manner.4 One outcome of interpersonal workplace aggression is the manifestation of counterproductive work behaviours (CWBs) directed at the organisation and the individuals within the organisation, and these have been found to have important sociological, emotional, psychological and economical outcomes for the organisations and its employees.5 Rather, CWBs are dysfunctional behaviours having consequences for the individuals as well as the organisation, where they work. Dysfunctional behaviours not only violate organisational norms, but also affect its productivity and profitability via the adverse effects experienced by employees.6 Counterproductive work behaviours is one such individual dysfunctional behavioural outcome, having costly consequences for organisations. This also creates a stressful environment for employees, directly and indirectly, leading to poor job outcomes and poor workplace relationships. Moreover, low self-esteem, lack of confidence and physical disease are also outcomes of CWBs.7 While considering the psychological capital within the context of organisational life, organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) are another critically important element, and are likely to have a strong effect on the manner in which employees display their organisational and occupational loyalty. Organisational citizenship behaviours are discretionary behaviours exhibited by employees in response to enhanced job experiences, strong interpersonal workplace relationships and attachment to the job and the organisation. These OCBs are diametrically opposed to CWBs, and when employees engage in one, they withhold the other. Seen in the context of aggression in the workplace, when employees engage in CWBs, they are likely to withhold their OCBs as a retaliatory response as well. ISSRA Papers Volume-X, Issue-I, 2018 FACTORS INFLUENCING COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK 141 The present study aims to develop an understanding of the presence of IWA in corporate sector organisations of Pakistan and the effects that the presence and frequency of aggression has on CWBs that employees engage in. Furthermore, within this scheme, the study also aims to examine the relationship between CWBs and OCBs in the presence of IWA. Literature Review IWAs (Interpersonal Workplace Aggression) are elements of organisational behaviour that are perpetuated and tolerated either due to the cultural acceptance of elements, or due to fear of retribution from powers that be, or both.8 Research suggests that aggression in workplaces and the consequences include a wide range of behaviours that are mainly intended to harm another person, and includes verbal aggression, rumour mongering, making obscene gestures, making open verbal and physical threats, withholding information necessary for a person to do their jobs effectively, etc.9 This has resulted in the phenomenon becoming a major point of concern for individuals and managers both.10 Interpersonal Workplace Aggression can be attributed a number of terminologies, including abusive supervision, such as display of hostile verbal and non- verbal behaviours by supervisors, though it does not include physical aggression.11 It also includes workplace bullying, such as subjecting a defenceless victim to sustained negative acts in a workplace;12 and incivility, including rude and discourteous behaviours aimed at a disregard of mutual respect.13 Social undermining including behaviours that are intended to retard the development of positive relationships, success and reputation at the workplace are also included within this context.14 These behaviours inevitably lead to the development and exercise of deviant behaviours within organisations, aimed at other employees as well as the organisation. Other such behaviors include rude behaviours, decreased productivity, increased absenteeism, presenteeism, turnover intentions, etc. Research has established that experiencing high levels of workplace aggression leads to certain undesirable behavioural outcomes in ISSRA Papers Volume-X, Issue-I, 2018 142 IRAM TAHIR, AKHTAR BALOCH & SOBIA SHUJAAT retaliation, including Counterproductive Work Behaviours (CWBs) and Organisational Citizenship Behaviours (OCBs). Counterproductive work behaviours refer to any actions taken by employees that are intended to harm individuals in the organisation or bring harm to the organisation itself. Also included in this is any harmful effect to the work that these employees are entrusted with.15 Organisational citizenship behaviours are affected in the sense that victims of aggression may withdraw courteous, discretionary or cooperative behaviours that are not necessarily a part of their job description, but are critical to the development of a cordial and healthy workplace environment. In extreme cases of workplace aggression, victims of aggression also engage in job search behaviours, by actively looking for alternative opportunities to escape the aggression they experience at the workplace. These outcomes are further intensified, if a person of authority is undertaking the perpetuation of aggression within an organisation, such as a manager or supervisor. Also, in such cases, there is a tendency for the target of aggression to release his/her frustration in other ways than through direct retaliation, which could be damaging to others in the organisation, the reputation of the organisation, and the quality of work being performed by the victim.16 For most targets of interpersonal aggression in general, and aggressive supervision in particular, the final, or even at times, the only response is to leave the organisation and look for another job elsewhere, but for this behaviour to manifest itself in victims of aggression, it is essential that they experience aggression on a regular basis. Turnover is an effective behaviour for escaping interpersonal aggression, but if these aggressive episodes occur infrequently, most people would not engage in job search behaviours.17 Emotions occupy a central position in such deviant behaviours in response to emotional stressors such as workplace aggression.18 Employees perceive and appraise situations at their workplaces and develop responses accordingly. Behaviours and situations that generate a negative emotion ISSRA Papers Volume-X, Issue-I, 2018 FACTORS INFLUENCING COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK 143 within employees ultimately generate undesirable responses, such as CWBs. The degree and frequency of these deviant workplace behaviours are directly influenced by the degree of control that employees perceive they have on the situation, and those who perceive that they have a fair degree of control are less likely to view these situations as stressors and engage in deviant behaviours. Another important factor here is the personality of the victim; people develop their responses to aggression based on the strength of their personalities and their ability to manage stressful situations as well.19 CWBs cost organisations, employees and productivity, high turnover and increased work stress, and a generally negative workplace environment that creates
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Effects of Workplace Loneliness on Work Engagement and Organizational Commitment: Moderating Roles of Leader-Member Exchange and Coworker Exchange
    sustainability Article The Effects of Workplace Loneliness on Work Engagement and Organizational Commitment: Moderating Roles of Leader-Member Exchange and Coworker Exchange Hyo Sun Jung 1 , Min Kyung Song 2 and Hye Hyun Yoon 2,* 1 Center for Converging Humanities Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; [email protected] 2 Department of Culinary Arts and Food Service Management, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This study aims to examine the effect of workplace loneliness on work engagement and organizational commitment and the moderating role of social relationships between an employee and his or her superior and coworkers in such mechanisms. Workplace loneliness decreased employees’ engagement with their jobs and, as such, decreased engagement had a positive relationship with organizational commitment. Also, the negative influence of workplace loneliness on work engage- ment was found to be moderated by coworker exchange, and employees’ maintenance of positive social exchange relationships with their coworkers was verified to be a major factor for relieving the negative influence of workplace loneliness. Keywords: workplace loneliness; work engagement; organizational commitment; leader-member exchange; coworker exchange; deluxe hotel Citation: Jung, H.S.; Song, M.K.; Yoon, H.H. The Effects of Workplace 1. Introduction Loneliness on Work Engagement and Organizational Commitment: Workplace loneliness does harm to an organization as well as its employees [1]. In an Moderating Roles of Leader-Member organization, employees perform their jobs amid diverse and complex interpersonal rela- Exchange and Coworker Exchange. tionships, and if they fail to bear such relationships in a basic social dimension, they will be Sustainability 2021, 13, 948.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Role of Workplace Equality in Preventing Men's
    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts 2013 Genders at Work: Exploring the Role of Workplace Equality in Preventing Men’s Violence Against Women Scott olmesH Michael G. Flood University of Wollongong, [email protected] Publication Details Holmes, S. & Flood, M. G. 2013, Genders at Work: Exploring the Role of Workplace Equality in Preventing Men’s Violence Against Women, White Ribbon Foundation, Sydney. Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Genders at Work: Exploring the Role of Workplace Equality in Preventing Men’s Violence Against Women Abstract This report examines the role of workplaces, and men in workplaces in particular, in preventing men’s violence against women. The er port begins by noting that men’s violence against women is a widespread social problem which requires urgent action. It highlights the need for preventative measures oriented to changing the social and structural conditions at the root of this violence, including through settings such as workplaces. Men’s violence against women is a workplace issue. As well as being a blunt infringement of women’s rights, this violence imposes very substantial health and economic costs on workplaces and organisations. Keywords work, genders, exploring, women, role, workplace, equality, preventing, men, violence, against Disciplines Arts and Humanities | Law Publication Details Holmes, S. & Flood, M. G. 2013, Genders at Work: Exploring the Role of Workplace Equality in Preventing Men’s Violence Against Women, White Ribbon Foundation, Sydney.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender, Emotion and Power in Work Relationships☆
    Human Resource Management Review 21 (2011) 377–393 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Human Resource Management Review journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/humres Gender, emotion and power in work relationships☆ Belle Rose Ragins a,⁎, Doan E. Winkel b,1 a University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Sheldon B. Lubar School of Business, Milwaukee, WI 53201, United States b Illinois State University, College of Business, Normal, IL 61790, United States article info abstract Keywords: We offer a theoretical account of how gender and emotion combine to influence the Gender in the workplace development of power in work relationships. We document the profound impact gender has on Gender and emotion at work the display, perception and evaluation of emotion in the workplace. We illustrate the reciprocal Gender and discrimination at work relationship between emotion and power, and identify cycles of powerlessness that prevent Gender and power at work women from developing and leveraging power in their work relationships. By exploring the nexus of gender, emotion and power in work relationships, we offer new insights into how the gendering of emotion creates and perpetuates gender differences in power in organizations. Implications for research and practice are offered. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc. “If you get too emotional, that undercuts you. A man can cry; we know that. Lots of our leaders have cried. But a woman, it's a different kind of dynamic.” Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton (Dowd, 2008) Despite women's increasing workforce participation, the gender gap in power in organizations has not changed appreciably over the past twenty years (Catalyst, 2010; Eagly & Carli, 2007a; Ryan & Haslam, 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • THE ULTIMATE GUIDE to EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT 2 Table of Contents
    1 THE ULTIMATE GUIDE TO EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT 2 Table of contents: The Curious Case of Employee Engagement 5 • Best Buy - 1-Point Increase That Resulted in Millions in Revenue 7 What EXACTLY is Employee Engagement? 10 • Why Are Engaged Employees - Engaged? 13 Employee Engagement Statistics That Matter 14 7 Pillars of Employee Engagement (& What You Can Do to Build Them Up) 15 • Company-Employee Value Alignment 16 • Professional & Personal Growth Opportunities 17 • Employee Health & Wellbeing 19 • Employee Advocacy 20 • Relationship With Managers 22 • Recognition and Rewards 24 • Workplace Relationships & Friendships 26 Connection Between Internal Comms & Employee Engagement 29 How to Measure Employee Engagement 32 Start Working On Employee Engagement Today 35 4 TANGRAM 5 The Curious Case of Employee Engagement Working on employee engagement inside any organization is a lot like working on a really big jigsaw puzzle. Imagine it now: a. hundreds of interlocking pieces that need to fit together b. but they change shape depending on the angle you’re looking at them from c. and it’s difficult to start because the edges of the picture are cut out. If you’ve ever worked on any jigsaw puzzle, you know exactly what we’re talking about. Just when you think you’ve nailed it, you realize that all the pieces that make up the sky are blue and virtually the same! Employee engagement is a lot like that - there’s a lot that goes into it, and it’s an ongoing process and not an event. So your work is never done. Which brings us to the question: “If it’s so complicated, why bother with engagement at all?” A good question that deserves a good answer: High employee engagement is what separates great companies from those that are merely good at what they do.
    [Show full text]
  • How Does Workplace Romance Influence Employee Performance in the Hospitality Industry?
    sustainability Article How Does Workplace Romance Influence Employee Performance in the Hospitality Industry? Hyo Sun Jung 1 and Hye Hyun Yoon 2,* 1 Center for Converging Humanities, KyungHee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; [email protected] 2 Department of Culinary Arts and Food Service Management, KyungHee University, Seoul 02447, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 25 May 2020; Accepted: 6 July 2020; Published: 7 July 2020 Abstract: With the aim of providing insights to scholars, administrators, and managers on how an employee’s romantic involvement influences job engagement and performance, this study examined workplace romance as a psychological mechanism for determining job performance. A total of 224 deluxe hotel employees in South Korea participated in the research. The results indicate that workplace romance significantly affects employees’ job engagement and performance. Employees who sustain a favorable and positive relationship with others in their organization eventually exhibit increased work effectiveness, which then exerts a constructive effect on hotel services and performance. Moreover, workplace romance experience can significantly improve the effect of workplace romance on job engagement. The paper also discusses limitations and future research directions. Keywords: workplace romance; job engagement; job performance; deluxe hotel 1. Introduction Many people meet and socialize in the workplace [1], which increases the potential for romantic involvement [2,3]. Workplace romance occurs when two people within an organization acknowledge romantic and sexual attraction to each other and act upon these emotions [4]. Sharing romantic feelings and forming a positive relationship with someone in such a setting can pave the way for employees’ satisfaction within the organization [5].
    [Show full text]
  • Theoretical Framework Based on Key Propositions
    Journal of Organizational Culture Communications and Conflict Volume 24, Issue 3, 2020 WORKPLACE RELATIONSHIPS: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK BASED ON KEY PROPOSITIONS Masud Khawaja, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, Canada ABSTRACT Relationships are important for true success in one’s life. Without relationships in our increasingly connected world, one may fall behind. Organizations that do not recognize the need for deep, trust-based relationships are doomed. This study collected primary data using unstructured interviews of senior executives. They were asked questions about how relationships played an important role in their professional lives. From that data, themes were generated, and secondary data was gathered to fit a framework to each of those themes. The first theme relates to the need for successful relationships to share benefits. Mutual dependence in a relationship can translate into beneficial outcomes for an organization. The next theme describes how one must invest in relationships to keep them strong. Theme three may act as a warning, since it indicates that, if no better alternatives exist, relationships may be formed even to the detriment of the suitor. Theme four and five center around trust. Trust is essential for a relationship to survive and when parties trust each other they are sure of the other’s motivation. It is vitally important for organizations to consider the relationships around them. Relationships between employees can boost productivity if beneficial and decrease it if toxic. Strong relationships at an interorganizational level can yield positive benefits for all parties. Organizations and management that show employees they are cared for will find those individuals more committed.
    [Show full text]
  • Getting Closer at the Company Party: Integration Experiences, Racial Dissimilarity, and Workplace Relationships
    Organization Science Vol. 24, No. 5, September–October 2013, pp. 1377–1401 ISSN 1047-7039 (print) ISSN 1526-5455 (online) http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1120.0808 © 2013 INFORMS Getting Closer at the Company Party: Integration Experiences, Racial Dissimilarity, and Workplace Relationships Tracy L. Dumas Fisher College of Business, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, tldumas@fisher.osu.edu Katherine W. Phillips Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, [email protected] Nancy P. Rothbard Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, [email protected] sing survey data from two distinct samples, we found that reported integration behaviors (e.g., attending company Uparties, discussing nonwork matters with colleagues) were associated with closer relationships among coworkers but that this effect was qualified by an interaction effect. Racial dissimilarity moderated the relationship between integration and closeness such that integration was positively associated with relationship closeness for those who were demographically similar to their coworkers, but not for those who were demographically dissimilar from their coworkers. Additionally, this moderation effect was mediated by the extent to which respondents experienced comfort and enjoyment when integrating. These findings highlight the importance of creating the right kind of interactions for building closer relationships between employees, particularly relationships that span racial boundaries. Key words: diversity; boundary theory; racial dissimilarity; high-quality relationships; integration; segmentation History: Published online in Articles in Advance February 28, 2013. Introduction and Rosa 2003, Roberson 2006). These behaviors are Relationships between coworkers are increasingly im- addressed from a number of research perspectives, all portant in today’s organizations, particularly given the with the expectation that they will improve relation- collaborative nature of service and knowledge-based ships.
    [Show full text]
  • Workplace Bullying.Indd
    Workplace bullying A guide to assist members Create change in your workplace. www.nswnma.asn.au About this guide The aim of this guide is to provide information that will assist members to clearly understand: • what does and does not constitute workplace bullying • what you can do if you experience bullying or if allegations of bullying are made against you • the legal obligations of employers to prevent and manage the risks of workplace bullying like any other hazard at the workplace • the obligations of workers. References 1. Work Health and Safety Act 2011 4. Safe Work Australia – dealing with Workplace Bullying – 2. Work Health and Safety Regulations 2017 A Workers’ Guide (November 2013) 3. Safe Work Australia – Guide for Preventing and Responding 5. The Fair Work Ombudsman website fairwork.gov.au to Workplace Bullying (November 2013) 6. The Fair Work Commission website fwc.gov.au What is workplace bullying? Workplace bullying is a psychological hazard and a risk to health and safety. Examples of indirect bullying include: • changing work rosters and leave, to deliberately It is characterised by repeated and unreasonable inconvenience a particular employee(s) behaviour directed at an employee or employees that deliberately excluding someone from workplace creates a risk to health and safety. • activities Bullying is a significant issue within the nursing and • excessive scrutiny at work, unjustified criticism midwifery professions. Bullying behaviour should not be or vexatious complaints tolerated in any workplace. • setting unreasonable timelines or constantly Everyone has a responsibility to ensure that bullying changing deadlines does not occur. Efforts should be made to create a • setting tasks that are unreasonably above or work environment where there are good management beyond a person’s skill level practices, effective communication and where everyone withholding information that is vital for effective is expected to work and behave professionally and treat • work performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Speaking up for Justice, Suffering Injustice: Whistleblower Protection and the Need for Reform
    Seattle Journal for Social Justice Volume 11 Issue 2 Article 5 12-2013 Introduction: Speaking Up for Justice, Suffering Injustice: Whistleblower Protection and the Need for Reform Dana L. Gold Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/sjsj Part of the Administrative Law Commons, Agency Commons, and the Labor Relations Commons Recommended Citation Gold, Dana L. (2013) "Introduction: Speaking Up for Justice, Suffering Injustice: Whistleblower Protection and the Need for Reform," Seattle Journal for Social Justice: Vol. 11 : Iss. 2 , Article 5. Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/sjsj/vol11/iss2/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Publications and Programs at Seattle University School of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Seattle Journal for Social Justice by an authorized editor of Seattle University School of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 555 Introduction: Speaking Up for Justice, Suffering Injustice: Whistleblower Protection and the Need for Reform Dana L. Gold The Pentagon Papers.1 Enron.2 Madoff’s Ponzi scheme.3 Pink slime in Dana L. Gold is a Senior Fellow at the Government Accountability Project (GAP), the nation’s leading whistleblower protection organization since 1977. She serves as an employee advocacy member of the Hanford Concerns Council. Ms. Gold is also the board chair of Hanford Challenge, a public interest organization focused on promoting safe and effective cleanup at the Hanford site by working with whistleblowers. Ms. Gold earned her BA from the College of William and Mary and her JD, cum laude, from Seattle University School of Law.
    [Show full text]
  • Workplace Bullying
    Workplace Bullying Defined: Workplace bullying refers to repeated, unreasonable actions of individuals (or a group) directed towards an employee (or a group of employees), which is intended to intimidate and creates a risk to the health and safety of the employee(s). Workplace bullying often involves an abuse or misuse of power. Bullying includes behavior that intimidates, degrades, offends, or humiliates a worker, often in front of others. Bullying behavior creates feelings of defenselessness in the target and undermines an individual’s right to dignity at work. Bullying is different from aggression. Whereas aggression may involve a single act, bullying involves repeated attacks against the target, creating an on-going pattern of behavior. “Tough” or “demanding” bosses are not necessarily bullies, as long as their primary motivation is to obtain the best performance by setting high expectations. Many bullying situations involve employees bullying their peers, rather than a supervisor bullying an employee. One study from the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) found that a quarter of the 516 private and public companies studied reported some occurrence of bullying in the preceding year. Examples of bullying: Unwarranted or invalid criticism. Blame without factual justification. Being treated differently than the rest of your work group. Being sworn at. Exclusion or social isolation. Being shouted at or being humiliated. Being the target of practical jokes. Excessive monitoring. What is a workplace bully? On its surface, bullying is a simple concept. A strong person acts harshly towards someone weaker, and the bullying is blatant and habitual. It includes browbeating and threatening, verbal abuse and yelling.
    [Show full text]
  • The Increase in Workplace Relationships
    Daniels Fund Ethics Initiative University of New Mexico http://danielsethics.mgt.unm.edu Debate The Increase in Workplace Relationships ISSUE: Should employees be allowed to pursue relationships at work? In today’s society individuals spend much of their waking hours in a work setting. As a result, workplace relationships are becoming increasingly common. Companies are adopting strict policies prohibiting dating among coworkers, particularly regarding relationships between a superior and a subordinate. Unfortunately, sometimes employees disregard these policies and continue to pursue relationships while concealing them. By doing this, employees create liabilities for employers due to the consequences that can result from a relationship ending badly. Romance in the workplace has proven to be extremely controversial and is a topic that requires significant attention from employers to ensure cohesive work performance from all employees. When beginning to pursue workplace relationships, employees often do not consider the fact that they are not only affecting themselves but also affecting others around them. When former CEO Brian Dunn of Best Buy was having a relationship with an employee, the firm’s audit committee found that the relationship had resulted in a negative work environment. Some workplace relationships can create conflicts of interest, especially if the couple works in separate departments. Working in an environment where there is hierarchical or status roles can ultimately result in the development of problems if either party involved holds a higher position than the other. Also, these relationships can prove potentially unethical if private information is disclosed in the relationship. Another consequence that can stem from interoffice dating is the potential claim for harassment.
    [Show full text]
  • Interpersonal Counterproductive Work Behaviors
    University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Management Faculty Publications Management 12-2012 Interpersonal Counterproductive Work Behaviors: Distinguishing Between Person-Focused Versus Task-Focused Behaviors and Their Antecedents Violet Ho University of Richmond, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/management-faculty- publications Part of the Applied Behavior Analysis Commons, Experimental Analysis of Behavior Commons, Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons, and the Organizational Behavior and Theory Commons Recommended Citation Ho, Violet, "Interpersonal Counterproductive Work Behaviors: Distinguishing Between Person-Focused Versus Task-Focused Behaviors and Their Antecedents" (2012). Management Faculty Publications. 46. http://scholarship.richmond.edu/management-faculty-publications/46 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Management at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Management Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PERSON- AND TASK-FOCUSED ICWBS 1 Interpersonal Counterproductive Work Behaviors: Distinguishing Between Person-Focused vs. Task-Focused Behaviors and Their Antecedents Violet T. Ho Associate Professor Robins School of Business University of Richmond 1 Gateway Road Richmond, VA 23173 Tel: (804) 289-8567 Fax: (804) 289-8878 Email: [email protected] PERSON- AND TASK-FOCUSED ICWBS 2 Abstract Purpose – This study proposes a nuanced perspective for conceptualizing interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors (ICWBs) by distinguishing them into behaviors that hinder other workers’ task performance (task-focused ICWBs), and those that are personal in nature (person-focused ICWBs). A relational stress perspective is adopted to examine work-based dependence relational stressor and negative-affect relational stressor as predictors of each category of behavior, with trait competitiveness as a moderator.
    [Show full text]