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Three Challenges to Contemporaneous Taxonomy from a Licheno-Mycological Perspective
Megataxa 001 (1): 078–103 ISSN 2703-3082 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/mt/ MEGATAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press Review ISSN 2703-3090 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/megataxa.1.1.16 Three challenges to contemporaneous taxonomy from a licheno-mycological perspective ROBERT LÜCKING Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6–8, 14195 Berlin, Germany �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3431-4636 Abstract Nagoya Protocol, and does not need additional “policing”. Indeed, the Nagoya Protocol puts the heaviest burden on This paper discusses three issues that challenge contempora- taxonomy and researchers cataloguing biodiversity, whereas neous taxonomy, with examples from the fields of mycology for the intended target group, namely those seeking revenue and lichenology, formulated as three questions: (1) What is gain from nature, the protocol may not actually work effec- the importance of taxonomy in contemporaneous and future tively. The notion of currently freely accessible digital se- science and society? (2) An increasing methodological gap in quence information (DSI) to become subject to the protocol, alpha taxonomy: challenge or opportunity? (3) The Nagoya even after previous publication, is misguided and conflicts Protocol: improvement or impediment to the science of tax- with the guidelines for ethical scientific conduct. Through onomy? The importance of taxonomy in society is illustrated its implementation of the Nagoya Protocol, Colombia has using the example of popular field guides and digital me- set a welcome precedence how to exempt taxonomic and dia, a billion-dollar business, arguing that the desire to name systematic research from “access to genetic resources”, and species is an intrinsic feature of the cognitive component of hopefully other biodiversity-rich countries will follow this nature connectedness of humans. -
Sustainable Livelihood Approach: a Critical Analysis of Theory and Practice
Sustainable Livelihood Approach: A critical analysis of theory and practice. Stephen Morse, Nora McNamara and Moses Acholo Geographical Paper No. 189 Sustainable Livelihood Approach: A critical analysis of theory and practice. Geographical Paper No. 189 Stephen Morse Department of Geography, University of Reading, UK [email protected] Nora McNamara and Moses Acholo Diocesan Development Services (DDS), Idah, Kogi State, Nigeria November 2009 Series Editor: A.M.Mannion [email protected] 1 Contents Section Page number 1. Introduction 4 2. The SLA context; two villages in Nigeria. 16 3. The SLA space 18 4. Practice of SLA 21 5. Human capital: the households 23 6. Natural capital: land and farming 29 7. Natural capital: Trees 37 8. Social capital: Networks 40 9. Physical capital: assets for income generation 44 10. Financial capital: household budgets 52 11. Vulnerability context 56 12. Did SLA succeed? 58 13. Some conclusions 63 14. Acknowledgements 64 15. References 64 2 Abstract Sustainable Livelihood Analysis (SLA) has since the 1990s become the dominant approach to the implementation of development interventions by a number of major international agencies. It is defined in terms of the ability of a social unit to enhance its assets and capabilities in the face of shocks and stresses over time. SLA first seeks to identify the important assets in livelihood, their trends over time and space as well as the nature and impacts of shocks and stresses (environmental, economic and social) upon these assets. Following this, and after taking cognisance of the wider context (e.g. political, legal, economic, institutions, infrastructure etc.), interventions are designed to address any vulnerability of enhance livelihoods perhaps by diversification of income streams. -
Anthropology of Food and Nutrition Spring 2017 Syllabus Provisional Update
Nutrition 330: Anthropology of Food and Nutrition Spring 2017 Syllabus Provisional Update Class Meetings: Wednesday, 3:15-6:15 pm in Jaharis 155 Instructor: Ellen Messer, PhD (http://www.nutrition.tufts.edu/faculty/messer-ellen) Contact: [email protected] Office Hours: TBA Tufts Graduate Credit: 1 cr. Prerequisites: Some social science background Course Description: This course provides an advanced introduction to anthropological theory and methods designed for food and nutrition science and policy graduate students. Section 1 covers anthropology's four-field modes of inquiry, cross-cutting theoretical approaches and thematic interest groups, their respective institutions and intellectual concerns. Section 2 demonstrates applications of these concepts and methods to cutting-edge food and nutrition issues. Assignments and activities incorporate background readings, related discussions, and short writing assignments, plus an anthropological literature review on a focused food and nutrition project, relevant to their particular interests. The course overall encourages critical thinking and scientific assessment of anthropology's evidence base, analytical tools, logic, and meaning-making, in the context of contributions to multi-disciplinary research and policy teams. Weekly 3-hour sessions feature an introductory overview lecture, student-facilitated discussion of readings, and professor-moderated debate or exercise illustrating that week's themes. Throughout the term, participants keep a written reading log (critical response diary), to be handed in week 3 and 6. In lieu of a mid-term exam, there are two 2-page graded written essay assignments, due weeks 4 and 8. The term-long food-and nutrition proposal- writing project will explore anthropological literature on a focused food and nutrition question, with an outline due week 9, and a short literature review and annotated bibliography due week 12. -
Symbolic Birds and Ironic Bats: Varieties of Classification in Nage Folk Ornithology1
SYMBOLIC BIRDS AND IRONIC BATS: VARIETIES OF CLASSIFICATION IN NAGE FOLK ORNITHOLOGY1 Gregory Forth University of Alberta Ethnobiologists and anthropologists have long recognized a distinction between “general purpose” ethnotaxonomies and specialized ways of classifying plants and animals, such as “symbolic classification.” This article on the folk ornithology of an eastern Indonesian society distinguishes between ethnotaxonomy and symbolic classification in order to consider the conceptual position of bats. Contrary to the predictions of Douglas and others, Chiropterans are shown to be peripheral to both forms of classification in a way that contrasts with values attached to both noc- turnal and diurnal birds of prey. (Ethnotaxonomy, symbolic classification, folk ornithology, Nage) That a single culture can classify natural objects or conceptually associate categories of animals and plants within a number of different schemes is well known. A major distinction concerns “general purpose” and “special purpose” classifications (Berlin 1992). Ethnotaxonomy (or folk taxonomy) refers to a society’s general purpose classification, while one variety of special purpose classification is symbolic classification. The contrast is by no means new. While Durkheim and Mauss (1963) distinguished “primitive classification” and “tech- nological classification” as contrasting schemes in non-Western societies, Needham (1963) later identified their “primitive classification” as a form of sym- bolic classification. More comparable to Berlin’s (1992) distinction -
The Sea Within: Marine Tenure and Cosmopolitical Debates
THE SEA WITHIN MARINE TENURE AND COSMOPOLITICAL DEBATES Hélène Artaud and Alexandre Surrallés editors IWGIA THE SEA WITHIN MARINE TENURE AND COSMOPOLITICAL DEBATES Copyright: the authors Typesetting: Jorge Monrás Editorial Production: Alejandro Parellada HURIDOCS CIP DATA Title: The sea within – Marine tenure and cosmopolitical debates Edited by: Hélène Artaud and Alexandre Surrallés Print: Tarea Asociación Gráfica Educativa - Peru Pages: 226 ISBN: Language: English Index: 1. Indigenous Peoples – 2. Maritime Rights Geografical area: world Editorial: IWGIA Publications date: April 2017 INTERNATIONAL WORK GROUP FOR INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS Classensgade 11 E, DK 2100 - Copenhagen, Denmak Tel: (+45) 35 27 05 00 – E-mail: [email protected] – Web: www.iwgia.org To Pedro García Hierro, in memoriam Acknowledgements The editors of this book would like to thank the authors for their rigour, ef- fectiveness and interest in our proposal. Also, Alejandro Parellada of IWGIA for the enthusiasm he has shown for our project. And finally, our thanks to the Fondation de France for allowing us, through the “Quels littoraux pour demain? [What coastlines for tomorrow?] programme to bring to fruition the reflection which is the subject of this book. Content From the Land to the Sea within – A presentation Alexandre Surrallés................................................................................................ .. 11 Introduction Hélène Artaud...................................................................................................... ....15 PART I -
FOLK TAXONOMY and CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE of "Abela" (INSECTA, HYMENOPTERA) to the PANKARARE, NORTHEASTERN BAHIA STATE, BRAZIL
Journal ofEthnobiology 18(1):1-13 Summer 1998 FOLK TAXONOMY AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF "ABElA" (INSECTA, HYMENOPTERA) TO THE PANKARARE, NORTHEASTERN BAHIA STATE, BRAZIL ERALDO MEDEIROS COSTA-NETO Departamento de Ciencias Bio16gicas Universidade EstaduaI de Feira de Santana Km 3, BR 116, Av. Universitdria Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil. Cep 44031-460 eraldont@ulfs·br ABSTRACT.- This paper focuses on the ethnotaxonomy and significance of bees and wasps to the Pankarare Indians living in a semi-arid zone of the Northeast of the State of Bahia, Brazil. The survey was conducted with the Pankarare from Srejo do Burgo village. Data were obtained by using ethnoscientific methods and through open interviews with natives and a native specialist in ethnoapiculture. A total of 23 folk species were recorded within the folk category "abria," the label used for both Apidae and Vespidae. Considering the ethnotaxonomic aspects, "abeias" are classified in two groups as "fierce bees" and "mild bees". They are also sub-divided into three intermediate taxa depending upon whether or not they sting and, ifso, if they can sting repeatedly. Eleven folk species are sources of medicine. Wild honey is the main raw material used in the treatment of illnesses and as food. Honey is also an important source of income for the Pankarare. These insects play significant roles in the social, economical, and cultural life of this group. RESUMO.- Este artigo focaliza a etnotaxonomia e importancia de abelhas e vespas para os indios Pankarare, grupo residente em uma regiao do semi-arido do Nordeste do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. 0 estudo foi realizado com os Pankarare da aldeia Brejo do Burgo. -
CRITICAL HAN STUDIES Conference & Workshop STANFORD April 25
CRITICAL HAN STUDIES C o n f e r e n c e & W o r k s h o p CABSTRACTS H S STANFORD April 25-27 2008 This conference is made possible through the generous support of the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for Scholarly Exchange/American Council of Learned Societies, Stanford University Center for East Asian Studies, Stanford College Humanities & Science Office of the Dean, Stanford Humanities Center, Stanford University Center for Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity, Stanford University Department of History, Hewlett Fund. www.hanstudies.org 2 CRITICAL HAN STUDIES A B S T R A C T S The Han, a colossal category of identity that encompasses ninety-two percent of the population of mainland China and ninety-eight percent of Taiwan, is the largest ethnic group on earth. The first-ever Critical Han Studies Conference examines the Han from a host of vantage points, featuring presentations by leading scholars and graduate students from Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America. Keynote Speakers: Mark C. Elliott, Harvard University Dru C. Gladney, Pomona College Xu Jieshun, Guangxi University for Nationalities Paper Presenters: Nicole E. Barnes Hsueh-Yi Lin Sylvie Beaud Luo Wenqing Naran Bilik Haiyun Ma Erica Brindley Jeff McClain Clayton Brown Thomas S. Mullaney Melissa Brown Leo K. Shin Uradyn E. Bulag Christopher Sullivan Kevin Carrico Sun Jiang Huaiyu Chen Donald S. Sutton Zhihong Chen Nicholas Tapp Tamara Chin Emma Teng Eva S.Chou Christopher Vasantkumar Robert Culp Florent Villard Frank Dikötter Wang Ming-ke C. Patterson Giersch Wang Peihua Hung Li-wan Scott Writer Jiang Yonglin Xie Linxuan Tong Lam Gang Zhao Françoise Lauwaert Zhao Yongfei James Leibold Minglang Zhou Discussants: Stéphane Gros, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Stevan Harrell, University of Washington John Herman, Virginia Commonwealth University Jonathan Lipman, Mount Holyoke College Charles F. -
Ethnoclassification, Ethnoecology and the Imagination
Ethnoclassification, Ethnoecology and the Imagination par Peter D. DWYER* RÉSUMÉ** ABSTRACT Deux trajectoires de pensée en ethnoclassification, Two trajectories of thought within ethnoclassifica- l’une associée à l’approche de Brent Berlin, l’autre à tion, one associated with the approach of Brent Berlin, l’approche de Ralph Bulmer, ont influencé les dévelop- the other with the approach of Ralph Bulmer, have pements, respectivement en anthropologie cognitive (y influenced developments within cognitive anthropology compris en psychologie évolutionniste) et en ethnoéco- (including evolutionary psychology) and ethnoecology logie. La première approche est traitée brièvement. La respectively. The former is treated briefly. The latter is deuxième est ici explorée plus en détail. Le but de explored in greater detail. The aim of ethnoecology is to l’ethnoécologie est de comprendre et d’expliquer l’éco- understand and explain ecology as experienced and, logie en tant qu’expérience vécue et, en finale, le projet ultimately, the project should reveal the diversity of devrait révéler la diversité de l’expérience écologique human ecological experience. It is argued that the ima- humaine. Il est soutenu que l’imagination est un élément gination is fundamental to those experiences. Within the fondamental de ces expériences. Dans le cadre de cette frame of that argument a model of the origin of the argumentation, un modèle de l’origine de l’imagina- imagination ¢ of the capacity for and implications of tion ¢ de la capacité et des implications de l’expression figurative expression ¢ is proposed. figurative ¢ est proposé. K: cognitive anthropology, ethnoclassifica- M- : anthropologie cognitive, ethnoclassifica- tion, ethnoecology, imagination, abduction, human tion, ethnoécologie, imagination, abduction, évolu- evolution. -
An Examination of Wealth and Exchange in the Gospels and First
Journal of Markets & Morality Volume 10, Number 1 (Spring 2007): 85–114 Copyright © 2007 A “Marketless World”? An Examination of Wealth and Exchange in the Edd S. Noell Gospels and First- Professor of Economics Department of Economics and Business Century Palestine Westmont College Research on the economic context of Jesus’ teaching on wealth and exchange points to the need to take into account the nature and extent of market arrangements in first-century Roman Palestine. This context involves changing relations among reciprocity, redistribution, and market exchange. Studies of the relevant archeo- logical evidence point to intra- and inter-regional trade, increasing specialization, and monetization. This article claims that in the Gospels we find Jesus recogniz- ing a growing role for market exchange and a legitimate pursuit of economic gain through risk-taking alongside of the need for the practice of general reciprocity. Perceived hostility toward wealth and market exchange is explained in terms of the institutional features of the Palestinian agrarian economy, including extractive wealth transfer by the Roman state and religious authorities. The article concludes that Jesus’ teachings on wealth and market exchange have greater moral relevance to modern economic life than is commonly thought. Introduction Christian moral philosophers, theologians, and economists in the twenty-first century face a special challenge in reflecting upon and applying the teachings of Jesus on wealth and possessions. In attempting to speak to a culture preoccupied with material prosperity, a prosperity largely linked to the modern reliance upon specialization, innovation, and private contracting conducted through market institutions, we draw upon the New Testament gospels. -
Cumulativeindex
Cumulative Index Edited by Mary Ellin D'Agostino with Robert V. Kemper (volumes 1-40) Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers Number 78, 1995 The Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers, Number 79 C 1995 Kroeber Anthropological Society Mary Ellin D'Agostino, Editor Membership: Subscription is by membership in the Kroeber Anthropological Society. Dues for student members are $18.00, for regular members (including institutions) are $20.00, and all foreign subscribers $24.00 in US currency. Back issues ofthe Papers are available for $12.00 per issue plus $2.00 shipping and handling in the United States, Mexico, and Canada; foreign orders should add $4.00 shipping and handling. Prices subject to change without notice. Informationfor authors: The Kroeber Anthropological Society publishes articles in the general field of anthropology. In addition to articles oftheoretical interest, the Papers welcome descriptive studies putting factual information on record and historical documents ofanthropological interest. The society welcomes student research papers ofhigh quality. Submitted papers should not exceed 30 typewritten, double spaced pages and conform to the style used by the American Anthropological Association. Two paper copies and one computer copy ofthe manuscript should be submitted. Computer copies should be on 3V/2" diskette in formatted for either Mac or DOS, text should be in WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, or plain (ASCII) text format. Email submissions are acceptable, but should be followed up with regular mail. All inquiries should be sent to: Kroeber Anthropological Society Department ofAnthropology University of Califomia Berkeley, CA 94720-3710 email: kasgqal.berkeley.edu Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers, No. 78, 1995 Cumulative Index Edited by Mary Ellin D 'Agostino with Robert V Kemper (volumes 1-40) First published in 1950, the Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers is the oldest student run, student edited anthropologyjournal in the United States. -
EXILE, CAMPS, and CAMELS Recovery and Adaptation of Subsistence Practices and Ethnobiological Knowledge Among Sahrawi Refugees
EXILE, CAMPS, AND CAMELS Recovery and adaptation of subsistence practices and ethnobiological knowledge among Sahrawi refugees GABRIELE VOLPATO Exile, Camps, and Camels: Recovery and Adaptation of Subsistence Practices and Ethnobiological Knowledge among Sahrawi Refugees Gabriele Volpato Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr P. Howard Professor of Gender Studies in Agriculture, Wageningen University Honorary Professor in Biocultural Diversity and Ethnobiology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, UK Other members Prof. Dr J.W.M. van Dijk, Wageningen University Dr B.J. Jansen, Wageningen University Dr R. Puri, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK Prof. Dr C. Horst, The Peace Research Institute, Oslo, Norway This research was conducted under the auspices of the CERES Graduate School Exile, Camps, and Camels: Recovery and Adaptation of Subsistence Practices and Ethnobiological Knowledge among Sahrawi Refugees Gabriele Volpato Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 20 October 2014 at 11 a.m. in the Aula. Gabriele Volpato Exile, Camps, and Camels: Recovery and Adaptation of Subsistence Practices and Ethnobiological Knowledge among Sahrawi Refugees, 274 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2014) With references, with summaries in Dutch and English ISBN 978-94-6257-081-8 To my mother Abstract Volpato, G. (2014). Exile, Camps, and Camels: Recovery and Adaptation of Subsistence Practices and Ethnobiological Knowledge among Sahrawi Refugees. PhD Thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. With summaries in English and Dutch, 274 pp. -
The Uncertain Consequences of the Socialist Pursuit of Certainty: the Case of Uyghur Villagers in Eastern Xinjiang, China Antípoda
Antípoda. Revista de Antropología y Arqueología ISSN: 1900-5407 [email protected] Universidad de Los Andes Colombia Hann, Chris The Uncertain Consequences of the Socialist Pursuit of Certainty: The Case of Uyghur Villagers in Eastern Xinjiang, China Antípoda. Revista de Antropología y Arqueología, núm. 17, julio-diciembre, 2013, pp. 79-105 Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=81429096005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative THE UNCertaIN CoNseQUENCes of THE SOCIalIst PUrsUIT of CertaINTY: THE Case of UYGHUR VIllaGers IN EasterN XINJIANG, CHINA* CHRIS HANN** [email protected] Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle, Alemania A BST ra CT The article is based on the author’s conviction that ethnographic analysis can illuminate big issues of world history. In the framework of substantivist economic anthropology, concepts of (un) certainty and social security are applied to Chinese socialism, which has outlived its Soviet prototype. Socialism is theorized in an evolutionist perspective as the transcendence of uncertainty in modern conditions. The case study of peasants in eastern Xinjiang highlights the problems of the Uyghur minority, who are attracted to the city but lack the networks and language skills to facilitate migration, and experience 79 discrimination in urban labor markets. China’s embedded socialism is currently successful in balancing forms of integration in such a way as to reduce existential uncertainty to a minimum for the dominant Han population, both inside and beyond the village.