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“Cain Rules the World”: Léopold Szondi, Genesis 4, and the Nature of Evil

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“Cain Rules the World”: Léopold Szondi, Genesis 4, and the Nature of Evil “Cain Rules the World”: Léopold Szondi, Genesis 4, and the Nature of Evil By Adam Jessep BA ACU, BTh(Hons), GCertEd(LeadManagement) Flin, GDipEd ACU, GDipEdMM SCU, MA Macq Thesis Submitted to Flinders University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences February 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................... iii DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................................... ix ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Rationale for this Study .................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Contributions to the fields of Hebrew Bible, Theology, and the Humanities .................................. 5 1.3 Why Cain? Why Szondi? ................................................................................................................. 6 1.4 Outline of the Thesis ........................................................................................................................ 7 CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY AND OVERVIEW OF ‘SZONDI’ SCHOLARSHIP ..................11 2.1 Overview of Methodologies ............................................................................................................11 2.2 Overview of Scholarship Relevant to Léopold Szondi ...................................................................24 2.3 Summary .........................................................................................................................................48 CHAPTER 3 EXEGETICAL OBSERVATIONS: SELECTED STUDIES ON GENESIS 4 ..........50 3.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................50 3.2 Authorship and Dating of the Primeval History ..............................................................................52 3.3 Structure and Context of Genesis 4 .................................................................................................60 3.4 Linguistic and Intertextual Connections in Genesis 4 .....................................................................68 3.5 Genesis 4 and its Context among the Sibling Narratives of Genesis ..............................................80 3.6 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................83 CHAPTER 4 SCHICKSAL: FATE IN A SZONDIAN READING OF GENESIS 4 .........................86 4.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................86 4.2 An Outline of das Schicksal in German Thought ...........................................................................87 4.3 Fate, Love, and Schicksalsgemeinschaft .........................................................................................92 4.4 Schicksal and Psychoanalysis .........................................................................................................97 4.5 Schicksal and Genesis 4 ................................................................................................................108 4.6 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................115 CHAPTER 5 THE FAMILIAL UNCONSCIOUS AND THE GENIUS OF GENESIS .................117 5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................117 5.2 Genesis: toledot and the Familial Unconscious ............................................................................118 5.3 Neolog Judaism .............................................................................................................................128 5.4 The Family of Léopold Szondi .....................................................................................................134 5.5 Genesis, Neology and Szondi .......................................................................................................141 5.6 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................145 CHAPTER 6 DAS BÖSE: ‘EVIL’ AND THE CAINITIC PERSONALITY ...................................146 6.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................146 i 6.2 Theories of Evil .............................................................................................................................148 6.3 ‘Violentology’ and Cain ................................................................................................................162 6.4 Cain the War Criminal: An Example of the Szondian Cain Personality .......................................166 6.5 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................180 CHAPTER 7 CAIN AND ABEL: THE PROTO-RIVALRY ............................................................183 7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................183 7.2 Familial Conflicts and the Plot of Genesis ....................................................................................185 7.3 The Cain complex and the Sibling Stories in Genesis 4–37 .........................................................192 7.4 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................216 CHAPTER 8 MORE MOSES THAN MOSES: THE ANSWER TO CAIN? ..................................219 8.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................219 8.2 Moses: An Answer to Cain ...........................................................................................................221 8.3 Joseph: Genesis’ Model for Resolution of the ‘Cain complex’ (Gen 42–45; 50) .........................235 8.4 Why Did Szondi Choose Moses? ..................................................................................................248 8.5 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................253 CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION: “THE POETRY OF EVIL” .............................................................254 9.1 Avenues for Further Research .......................................................................................................261 9.2 Final Thoughts ..............................................................................................................................265 BIBLIOGRAPHY .........................................................................................................................................269 ii ABSTRACT This thesis presents a dialogue between the stories of sibling rivalry in Genesis and the theories of Léopold Szondi (1893-1986), in particular his work on the analysis of fate (Schicksalsanalyse) and his theory of the Cain complex. It is situated as a critical psychological reading of Gen 4, the subsequent sibling stories in Genesis, and a historical biographical examination of Szondi in light of biblical studies. I argue that Szondi’s Cain complex is a suitable framework for psychological biblical criticism because it was developed, in part, through close engagement with biblical and extra-biblical literature and provides insights that have been neglected by other more traditional psychological interpretations such as those shaped by Freudian and Jungian approaches. Szondi was a Hungarian- Swiss physician and psychoanalyst whose major contribution to depth psychology was the establishment and development of Schicksalsanalyse. Two of the most important components of Szondi’s approach were his identification of the familial unconscious and the Cain complex through which he sought to provide explanations both for the origins of human evil and its restitution. Within the anglophone academy, the thought and work of Szondi is largely unfamiliar, yet the myth of Cain and Abel (Gen 4) continues to resonate in the popular imagination. Szondi’s work on Cain thus occupies a confluence between currency and neglect. This thesis addresses three interrelated primary questions concerning an explanation of Szondi’s Cain complex and the explication
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