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Informe De Registro De Productores De Uva En Las Regiones De Ica, Arequipa, Moquegua, Tacna Y Lima Provincias

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Informe De Registro De Productores De Uva En Las Regiones De Ica, Arequipa, Moquegua, Tacna Y Lima Provincias DIRECCIÓN DE ESTADISTICA Informe de registro de productores de uva en las regiones de Ica, Arequipa, Moquegua, Tacna y Lima provincias Lima, Setiembre 2008 0 Indice Página Presentación 2 I. Diagnóstico 4 II. Problemática del cultivo de la uva 7 III. Objetivo 8 IV.Metodología 9 V. Resultados 12 5.1. A nivel Nacional 12 5.2. Región de Ica 15 5.3. Región de Arequipa 19 5.4. Región de Moquegua 23 5.5. Región de Tacna 26 5.6. Región Lima Provincias 29 VI.Conclusiones 33 VII.Anexos 34 1 Presentación El Ministerio de Agricultura tiene como uno de sus ejes estratégicos de gestión brindar información oportuna y de calidad a todos los usuarios de las cadenas de producción del país. Este proceso parte de la captación de datos verificados que luego exige un trabajo de seria consistencia estadística y analítica de aquellas variables que confluyen en la actividad productiva. En esta línea de trabajo y en el contexto de una creciente participación de la agroindustria y agroexportación en la economía nacional, la Dirección General de Información Agraria del Ministerio de Agricultura (DGIA) ha realizado un Registro de Productores de Vid en el Perú. Nuestra preocupación al momento de elaborar este registro comienza por actualizar información que tenía data del año 1994, la cual no daba respuesta certera a las consultas que se tenían sobre un sector tan dinámico como el de producción de vid. Gracias a la coordinación realizada con la Asociación de Productores de Vid para Mesa, Piscos y Vinos de la Sociedad Nacional de Industrias, el Ministerio de Agricultura ha llevado adelante este censo que ofrece información relevante para los interesados en el tema y a quienes compete tomar decisiones respecto a inversiones o medidas facilitadoras de la actividad productiva. Cabe mencionar que los resultados del trabajo que presentamos no hubieran sido posible de obtener sin la participación decidida y desinteresada de los productores. Gracias a ellos hemos efectuado los registros referidos al padrón que especifica el número de productores de vid existentes en cada poblado, sector, distrito, provincia y región del país. 2 Asimismo, debido al generoso apoyo de los productores, hemos generado información relativa a las áreas totales de cultivo de vid, áreas según fases de crecimiento y producción, variedades de uva, número de plantas dispersas y utilización de la uva (mesa, pisco, vino, para consumo familiar o procesamiento artesanal). El presente documento contiene seis capítulos que incluyen las conclusiones del trabajo y los anexos que complementan el estudio. La Dirección General de Información Agraria expresa su reconocimiento al trabajo efectuado por los técnicos y profesionales que han participado en el recojo de la información de campo y de gabinete, concerniente al tratamiento y análisis de la información; así como también a las personas que dedicaron sus esfuerzos en revisar el documento y aportaron valiosos comentarios para elaborar la versión final y obtener los resultados finales del presente estudio. Santos Maza y Silupú Director General 3 I. Diagnóstico El cultivo de la vid se adapta a suelos pobres con mejores perspectivas que otros y permite un mejor aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales (principalmente agua), siendo un cultivo netamente colonizador establece y fija a la familia campesina sobre unidades económicas de explotación, evitando la migración a centros poblados en busca de trabajo. Este cultivo en el país constituye una de las actividades frutícolas de mayor importancia por su extensión, valor de la producción y producir la materia prima que requiere la industria vitivinícola nacional. Las zonas productoras de uva en nuestro país se encuentran ubicadas principalmente en la costa sur y corresponden a Lima, Ica, Arequipa, Moquegua y Tacna; cuya temporada de cosecha se efectúa entre los meses de noviembre y febrero. En la costa norte la zona de producción de uva se encuentra en el valle de Cascas, provincia de Trujillo, región de La Libertad. La importancia de esta fruta radica también en sus condiciones peculiares como el clima, variedades especializadas, tecnología empleada, instalaciones existentes y se cultiva dos veces al año. En el Perú la uva se produce todo el año, ventaja que le permite abastecer la demanda de este cultivo a nivel mundial en el periodo de baja producción por parte de los principales países importadores y consumidores de uva, en particular durante el periodo diciembre – marzo, época en la cual los principales mercados mundiales carecen de este producto. Además de la estacionalidad, las ventajas comparativas del Perú con respecto a otros países son las superficies en expansión y los costos de producción relativamente bajos debido a la modalidad de adquisiciones de insumos que se vienen efectuando en forma asociada. 4 La producción de uva en el mercado nacional registra un importante crecimiento, después de obtenerse 102,37 miles de t. en el año 2000 esta se elevó a 190,43 miles de t. en el 2006, cifra que demuestra un crecimiento de 86% en dicho periodo. En el 2007 la producción nacional obtenida fue de 196 499 t. distribuidas de la siguiente manera: La región Ica alcanzó una producción de 83 034 t, Lima 50 481 t, La Libertad 45 177 t, Tacna 4 653 t, y otras regiones 13 154 t. Al 2008 la región Ica posee el mayor porcentaje de producción de uva en el país debido principalmente a las favorables condiciones agronómicas para este cultivo, el uso de tecnología y la mayor capacidad de gestión empresarial. Según datos estadísticos (ADUANA 2000 – 2008) las exportaciones de uva de mesa fresca, según campaña, fueron las siguientes: 98/99 de 632 t, 99/00 de 2 088 t, 00/01 de 4 613 t, 01/02 de 8 198 t, 02/03 de 11 846 t, 03/04 de 12 265 t, 04/05 de 16 558 t, 05/06 de 22 322 t, 06/07 de 28 699 t mientras que en el periodo 07/08 llegan a 38 620 t. Con estos resultados, desde la campaña 99/00 hasta 07/08 las exportaciones de uva fresca han aumentado en más de 1 850 %. Durante la campaña 2007/08 las exportaciones de esta fruta tuvieron como principal destino Estados Unidos (25%), Hong Kong (14%), Países Bajos (13%), China (11%), Reino Unido (7%), Colombia (4%), España (3%), Rusia (3%) e Indonesia (3%), generando US$ 76 millones que representan cuatro millones y medio de cajas vendidas a 40 países. Se estima que en la siguiente campaña que se inicia en octubre del presente año se exportarán un millón de cajas más con ventas superiores a los US$ 100 millones. De acuerdo a la información estadística de APROVID 2008, la principal variedad de exportación es la uva “Red Globe” con cerca del 80% del 5 volumen total de exportaciones, seguida por otras variedades como “Flame”, “Seedles”, “Sugarone”, “Crimson”, “Autumn Royals”, “Thompson Seedles”, “White Seedles”. La mayor parte de los viñedos dirigidos a la exportación están ubicados en la región Ica. La exportación de uva de mesa peruana con destino a los Estados Unidos es baja, estadísticamente aún no es significativa en relación a otros países de la región. El principal exportador de uva de mesa a Estados Unidos en el 2007 fué Chile con US$ 580 millones; seguido de México con US$ 200 millones. En volúmenes las exportaciones a Estados Unidos entre 2007‐2008 fueron las siguientes: Chile 811 300 t, Brasil 11 047 t, Perú 9 462 t y Sudáfrica 205 t. El comportamiento del consumidor de uva de mesa en Estados Unidos es el siguiente: Uva Verde Sin Semilla 48% Uva Roja Sin Semilla 36% Uva Negra Sin Semilla 11% Uva Roja Con Semilla 1% Uva Verde Con Semilla 1% Uva Negra Con Semilla 1% Los índices de crecimiento de la producción de uva en nuestro país alcanzan un ritmo sostenido y para asegurarlo es necesario seguir ampliando los acuerdos, tratados comerciales, convenios de sanidad, tratados de exportación y otras herramientas del comercio exterior con otros países que permitan seguir introduciendo esta codiciada fruta en mercados del exterior. 6 Asimismo, la demanda en la producción del Pisco también crece a tasas del 15% en promedio anual, resultado que anima a un número mayor de empresas a invertir y participar en este rubro. Muchos productores de Pisco no disponen de bodegas propias y encargan su producción a terceros, elevando las autorizaciones de uso en los últimos años de un 15% a 20%. La producción de Pisco está por alcanzar los 6’000,000 de litros, según resultados obtenidos hasta el primer semestre del presente año, el 93% de este volumen es de consumo interno en el país (40% se concentra en Lima) y el resto se dirige a la exportación II. Problemática del cultivo de la vid La problemática del cultivo de la vid involucra los siguientes aspectos: a. Escasa promoción entre los agricultores del país para incrementar las áreas con este cultivo. b. Promover la asociatividad para ser competitivos. c. Promover la incorporación de la mayor cantidad de agentes exportadores, especialmente de medianos y pequeños productores. d. Implementar un programa de capacitación técnica para mejorar la producción y rendimientos del cultivo. e. Mantener y promover altos niveles de eficiencia, competitividad y transparencia. f. Articulación de la cadena productiva para atender la demanda nacional e internacional. g. Integración sectorial y regional (alianzas estratégicas con otros sectores y al interior del sector) h. Promover campañas de sensibilización en el uso del recurso hídrico. i. Promover Centros de Formación Técnica‐Superior sobre viticultura en el país. j. Desarrollo de programas publicitarios a nivel nacional e internacional. 7 k. Mantener una relación equilibrada con las autoridades en forma permanente. l. Apertura y defensa de nuevos mercados a través de un Sistema de Inteligencia de Mercados.
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