Vol. 73, No. 1 December 2020
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Published by the Astronomical League Vol. 73, No. 1 December 2020 PUBLIC OUTREACH DURING A PANDEMIC THE ULTIMATE OBSERVING CHALLENGE th 75 GEAR UP FOR SOLAR CYCLE 25 THE ASTRONOMICAL LEAGUE’S 75TH ANNIVERSARY AN EMPLOYEE-OWNED COMPANY NEW FREE SHIPPING on order of $75 or more & INSTALLMENT BILLING on orders over $350 PRODUCTS Standard Shipping. Some exclusions apply. Exclusions apply. Orion® StarShoot™ Compact Astro Orion® StarShoot™ Mini 6.3mp Tracker Imaging Cameras (sold separately) Orion® StarShoot™ G26 APS-C Orion® GiantView™ BT-100 ED #21192 $280 Color #51883 $400 Color Imaging Camera 90-degree Binocular Telescope (Mount not Mono #51884 $430 #51458 $1,800 #51878 $2,600 included) computer not Trust 2019 included Proven reputation for Orion® U-Mount innovation, dependability and and Paragon Plus service… for over 45 years! 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Prices are M-F 6 am - 5 pm PT, subject to change without notice. Saturday 8 am - 2 pm PT Please check OrionTelescopes.com Orion® Monster Mount Orion® Dynamo™ Pro 155Wh AC/ Orion® StarShoot 2" Filter Wheel for the most current pricing. Dealer & 25x100 Binocular Kit DC/USB Lithium Power Supply and LRGB Filter Set Package (800)447-1001 pricing and/or promotions may vary. #21186 $850 #2309 $180 #20186 $630 2 REFLECTOR ✶ SEPTEMBER 2020 Contents AN EMPLOYEE-OWNED COMPANY NEW FREE SHIPPING on order of $75 or more INSTALLMENT BILLING on orders over $350 PRODUCTS & PAGE 16 Standard Shipping. Some exclusions apply. Exclusions apply. 4 . To the Editor 4 . Star Beams (from the President) 5 . International Dark-Sky Association 5 . Night Sky Network Orion® StarShoot™ Compact Astro 6 . Full STEAM Ahead Orion® StarShoot™ Mini 6.3mp Tracker Imaging Cameras (sold separately) Orion® StarShoot™ G26 APS-C Orion® GiantView™ BT-100 ED #21192 $280 7 . Wanderers in the Neighborhood Color #51883 $400 Color Imaging Camera 90-degree Binocular Telescope (Mount not Mono #51884 $430 #51458 $1,800 #51878 $2,600 included) PAGE 12 9 . Deep-Sky Objects computer not 10 . From Around the League Trust 2019 included 12 . Public Outreach During a Pandemic Proven reputation for Orion® U-Mount innovation, dependability and and Paragon Plus . service… for over 45 years! XHD Package 14 My Herschel Objects Project #22115 $600 Is Complete Superior Value Orion® StarShoot™ Deep Space High quality products at Orion® StarShoot™ G21 Deep Space Imaging Cameras (sold separately) Orion® HDX 12" Truss RC Ultimate 16 . First Light: Astronomical League affordable prices Color Imaging Camera G10 Color #51452 $1,200 Astro- Imaging Package PAGE 23 Origins and History #54290 $950 G16 Mono #51457 $1,300 #21101 $9,500 Wide Selection 18 . Everest of the Sky Extensive assortment of award winning Orion brand 2019 20 . Gear Up for Solar Cycle 25 products and solutions 23 . 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Prices are M-F 6 am - 5 pm PT, subject to change without notice. • by assisting communication among amateur contact Gary Tomlinson Saturday 8 am - 2 pm PT Please check OrionTelescopes.com astronomical societies. Astronomy Day Coordinator Orion® Monster Mount Orion® Dynamo™ Pro 155Wh AC/ Orion® StarShoot 2" Filter Wheel for the most current pricing. Dealer [email protected] & 25x100 Binocular Kit DC/USB Lithium Power Supply and LRGB Filter Set Package (800)447-1001 pricing and/or promotions may vary. Astronomical League National Office: #21186 $850 #2309 $180 #20186 $630 9201 Ward Parkway, Suite 100, Kansas City, MO 64114 To the Editor: Star Beams QUARTERLY PUBLICATION OF THE ASTRONOMICAL LEAGUE t is always a pleasure for this astronomer- FROM THE PRESIDENT Issued by the Astronomical League in March, June, September, and turned-historian of science to read colleagues’ NEW LEAGUE SECRETARY December, Reflector (ISSN: 0034-2963) is sent directly, either by I postal mail or via a digital link, to each individual member of its views on our mutual subject! I have a couple of am pleased to announce the appointment of affiliate societies and to members-at-large as a benefit of League membership. Individual copies of Reflector are available at the thoughts, however, to share with author Dave I Terry Mann as the new secretary of the League, following subscription rates, payable to the League’s national office. Tosteson and your readers. filling the balance of vice president Chuck Allen’s PAPER SUBSCRIPTIONS: First, about Shapley: he did indeed defend the term as secretary. Terry has served many past USA & possessions: $3.00 each or $10.00 per year (4 issues) Canada: $5.00 each or $16.00 per year view that one big Milky Way galaxy was the uni- roles with the League, including president. Wel- Mexico: $6.00 each or $22.00 per year Other countries: $7.00 each or $25.00 per year verse at the 1920 Curtis-Shapley debate, but his come back, Terry! DIGITAL SUBSCRIPTIONS: immediate reaction to Hubble’s discovery, which WEBSITE HELP NEEDED All countries, possessions, and territories: $10.00 per year Hubble informed him of in a private letter before We are in need of help from members who are REFLECTOR AND CLUB ROSTER DEADLINES publication, was that there were actually other proficient with WordPress. If you can lend some March issue January 1 June issue April 1 galaxies (though if they were “island universes” time and expertise in helping us keep our website September issue July 1 December issue October 1 then ours was a continent). He expressed this to fresh and current, please email me at Written and graphic material from this publication may be reprinted only Cecilia Helena Payne (later Gaposchkin) as “this [email protected]. for non-profit benefit of interested parties, provided specific credit is given to the writer(s), Reflector, and the Astronomical League. Any other use of is the letter that destroyed my universe.” THE STATE OF OUR ASTRONOMICAL FAMILY AS WE material, including graphics and photographs, is subject to express permission from the Editor and the Astronomical League. Second, about the process that drives Cepheid MOVE THROUGH THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC pulsation: indeed it is the ionization of He II (with What changes the pandemic has brought this NATIONAL OFFICERS one electron) to He III (with no electrons), but the year! Although our outreach activities, meetings, President Carroll Iorg other way around.