ON THE ROCKS Newsletter of the Yorkshire Branch of the Open University Geological Society March 2020

The Carn Mor Dearg arête, linking Carn Mor Dearg (1220m) and Ben Nevis (1345m), the highest mountain in the UK. This view is from the slope of Carn Mor Dearg, looking south-southwest towards the Mamores. The lowest point on the arête is over 1000m. Walkhighlands introduces the walk by saying, “For experienced, fit mountain walkers who do not mind easy scrambling but are not climbers, this is the finest way to climb Ben Nevis. This is a truly spectacular route incorporating two Munros. It will live long in the memory and does true justice to the mountain.” I would add, “especially if you have weather like this!” You can read more about the route here. Carn Mor Dearg and the arête are pink, fine-grained granite (known as the inner granite), and the summit dome of Ben Nevis is andesite. (Peter Roberts 25.8.19 Grid Ref: NN 17707 72095)

CONTENTS Message from Sue Vernon 1 Message from Sue Vernon Dear Yorkshire members 2. The future of the Branch 2.Editor’s piece 3. The 2020 AGM minutes I have in the interim taken over the liaison role between the Branch and the 8. field trip write-up Executive Committee. The role of the Executive Committee is to support the 11. This year’s field trips Branch Committee not to run the Branch. Your Branch Committee is 12. Your committee experienced, well placed and has set up dialogue with East Midlands Branch so that joint field trips can be organised to the advantage of both Branches. Any information that lands in the BO email box comes to me and I will pass on to the Committee for them to distribute to the members so that everyone is aware of what is going on in the area. If any of you have any questions that need clarifying, then I can be contacted via the [email protected] email address.

Sue Vernon

The Yorkshire Branch of the OUGS March 2020

The future of the Branch

The Branch AGM, at which Don Cameron represented the Executive Committee, was held on 25th January and a copy of the minutes appear on page 3.

Rick Savage and Jean Sampson had already indicated that they were definitely standing down as Branch Organiser and Treasurer respectively so the main item on the agenda was what would happen to the Branch if one or both positions could not be filled. Peter Vallely agreed to take on the role of Treasurer but no one came forward to stand for Branch Organiser, so with immediate effect the Yorkshire OUGS branch will be looked after by the OUGS Executive Committee.

The Executive Committee will be represented by Sue Vernon who explains her role in her message on the front page. You will see she has the alias previously used by Rick of [email protected], and your Branch Committee for 2020 is: Peter Vallely – Treasurer; Peter Ellenger – Newsletter editor; Tony Felski, Ann Goundry, Jenny Jennings, Peter Roberts, Jean Sampson, Rick Savage, and Lynda Welch. They can be contacted at [email protected].

The question of the longer-term direction of the Branch was on the agenda and it was originally suggested that an amalgamation with Branch would have the backing of the meeting. However, somewhat surprisingly, at their AGM the Northumbria members voted unanimously to reject such an amalgamation. A discussion took place as to whether instead of Northumbria we amalgamate with The East Midlands Branch as it was felt we have quite a lot in common. This was confirmed by a vote which was unanimous to pursue and work towards an amalgamation possibly at next year’s AGMs of both Branches if East Midlands were also in favour. At their Branch AGM such an amalgamation with Yorkshire was looked on favourably, so your committee have been liaising with the East Midlands committee to organise a number of joint trips over this year and these are shown on page 11.

A formal amalgamation will be discussed at the respective 2021 AGMs of both Branches.

Editor’s piece

Quite understandably the majority of this edition of the newsletter is taken up with the AGM and the future of the Branch, but there is still space to include the stunning photo on the front page taken by Peter Roberts of The Carn Mor Dearg arête. He has pointed out that there are in fact two people in the photo for scale. They are sitting on the rim, although you will need to look closely to see them! Thanks also to Peter Vallely for his write up of a field trip to the Sheffield area last August.

You will see from the accounts included below that the newsletter costs the Branch nearly £138 a year in printing and postage costs for those 16 members who still receive a black and white copy by post. Of the 16, six have still not conformed to the GDPR regulations which were introduced in 2018 so unfortunately all they receive is the newsletter but not emails which are sent out to all other members throughout the year. I would ask all 16 members to seriously consider receiving it in FULL COLOUR via email. If you would like to switch please send me an email.

I am always looking for articles, photos, field trip write-ups, etc, so if you have anything which you think might be of interest to other members, I would be happy to receive them.

Peter Ellenger

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Open University Geological Society Yorkshire Branch Annual General Meeting Saturday 25th January 2020 at 10.30am

MINUTES

Present: Branch Organiser: Ricky Savage (RS) Treasurer: Jean Sampson (JS) Newsletter Editor: Peter Ellenger (PE) Minute Taker: Lynda Welch (LCW) Peter Roberts (PR) Peter Vallely (PV) Lesley Webster (LW) Wayne Harston (WH) Jenny Jennings (JJ) Ann Goundry (AG) Peter Hodgkinson (PH) Phil Robinson (PR) Don Cameron (DC)

1. Apologies: Tony Felski Earl Haworth

2. Welcome RS welcomed everyone to the meeting

3. Minutes of the Meeting held 26th January 2019 These were agreed as a true record of the meeting Proposed: Jean Sampson Seconded: Wayne Harston All present in favour

4. Matters Arising from the Minutes None

5. Correspondence RS has had an email from Africa requesting bank details so we can be sent money. This was clearly spam and has been dealt with.

DC queried whether anyone has received ‘odd’ emails from other members, as this seems to be an issue. A reminder to everyone to be vigilant and not open attachments unless you are sure the email is genuine. If you receive a spam email, alert the person and delete it.

6. Officers Reports (Branch Organiser, Treasurer, Newsletter Editor) Branch Organiser The Branch Organisers Report had been circulated with the Agenda and previous Minutes. RS noted that the committee has worked extremely hard this year, with PV and Tony Felski leading field trips, PE continuing to produce an excellent Newsletter, and JS stepping into the role of Treasurer with one days warning. RS led a Lake District trip with Simon Drake.

Northumbria voted unanimously in their recent AGM to reject an amalgamation with Yorkshire. This, and falling membership numbers has raised concerns for RS, particularly if key roles cannot be filled on the committee, as to the future of the Branch.

RS reiterated that he will step down as Branch Organiser this year after 10 years in post. He wished to thank all those who had supported him, the leaders who have run trips on our behalf, and the committee for their personal belief in him. There was an observation from PH that Sheffield is as far from Brighton as it is from Berwick upon Tweed. Yorkshire is a very large county, as is Northumberland, and bigger branches are not necessarily 3

The Yorkshire Branch of the OUGS March 2020

representative. Some people will always be willing to travel a distance, and others from around the corner won’t.

PR and WH believe RS should be thanked for the residential trips he has organised. There is a lot of support for the work that RS has done as BO.

There will be a Mapping Trip part 2 next year, as Simon is willing to undertake two trips per year for the Branch. DC reminded the meeting that you don’t need to be Branch Organiser to organise trips.

Treasurer: JS supplied the meeting attendees with financial summaries from December 2018 and December 2019.

For year ending 31st December 2018, there was £356.54 in the main account and £811.50 in the trips account. Grants received were £380 and trip income was £5,925. The newsletter costs were £179.03 and £358.21 was spent on admin. Trip expenditure was £5,564.23. There was a balanced total of £7,585.04.

Year ending 31st December 2019, there was £199.30 in the main account and £1,172.27 in the trips account. There was a cash in hand float of £112, made up of £104.10 which went out of the trips account, and £7.90 which was a sundry payment for a bottle of wine. Grants received were £365 and trip income was £4,022.60. The newsletter costs were £142.98 and £135.73 was spent on admin. Trip expenditure was £3,929.89. There was a balanced total of £5,871.17, and a copy of the accounts is shown.

There is a payment due for the hire of this room today, which will appear in the 2020 accounts. DC reminded the meeting that both RS and JS can claim expenses for attending the AGM today, and advises that this be done, as an accurate representation of the costs involved.

The committee expressed its thanks to JS for undertaking the role for the last 12 months, and especially for stepping in at very short notice. JS is now stepping down as Treasurer. At present, JS and AG are signatories for the bank account. The new Treasurer (PV) will need to be added as a new signatory after being elected as the new Treasurer. Minutes of this meeting will be sent to the bank with the amendment form.

Acceptance of the Financial Report as a true and accurate record Proposed: Ann Goundry Seconded: Lesley Webster All present in favour

Newsletter: Four issues have been produced at 12 pages each. Of the 73 members, 16 still opt to have their newsletter delivered by post. Thanks to LW for arranging the printing and posting.

There are still very few articles and photos from members. It is mainly PV and Tony Felski who submit items. PE had planned to step down as Editor at this AGM, but no one has come forward as a replacement. PV has done great work on the Alan Stollery project; he would make a satisfactory Editor

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at some point in the future. PE would be willing to support that transition to PV in the future, and is prepared to carry on as Editor until a handover is agreed. Please can everyone submit something for the newsletter, even if that is an old photo from a previous trip. This will always be an issue for the editor. RS always tries to write a report from field trips, but it is difficult to keep a decent record when you are looking after the trip.

DC noted that the newsletter always looks clean and inviting in comparison to others. Other editors have also commented on the quality of the newsletter. Relating to GDPR, if members have not returned the form, can they be emailed? It was suggested that a letter be sent with the next newsletter to those who have not returned the form requesting that they do so, or to get in touch so we know they still want to receive it. PE will send the list of people who have not returned the form to DC so he can check with the Membership Secretary whether they are paid up members.

The committee expressed their thanks for PE for the great work he is doing, and for continuing in the role for the immediate future. Proposed: Peter Roberts Seconded: Jenny Jennings All present in favour

7. Thanks to existing committee

Proposed: Rick Savage Seconded: Ann Goundry All present in favour

8. Future of the Yorkshire Branch i) Update on Northumbria Branch amalgamation RS had spoken to the Northumbria BO Paul at the Symposium in August. The Branch had had some healthy discussion concerning amalgamation and it was felt that they would definitely vote in favour. At their AGM last week however, they voted unanimously against amalgamation with Yorkshire.

DC commented that Paul had been sure the vote would be positive. Northumbria Branch members felt they didn’t want an “invasion” of Yorkshire members “diluting” their field trips.

When RS took over as BO, he took ownership of organising all trips, both day trips and longer. If there was someone willing to take over organising the trips, RS would happily stay as BO. This is how it used to be in the past – there would be an Events/Trips person, or trips would be decided as a committee, with individual trips allocated to a member to organise.

AG suggested that it return to the committee running trips with overarching control from the BO. PR noted that this is what happens at his walking group. Different people take charge of organising their monthly walks, but not necessarily leading them.

DC feels that the model of the society is failing. People used to go to tutor groups and summer schools to recruit members but these no longer happen. DC sees three options for the future: 1. The Society dies on its feet 2. Alternatives are considered such as the regional model 3. The Executive Committee runs Branches with an Events/Trips person in charge of the Branch

The ultimate issue is falling membership numbers. There are the same number of Branches, but less people in each Branch. Therefore, there is an increased cost for expenses for Branch Organisers to attend AGMs, as there is the same number of BOs, but less members per Branch.

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RS is in favour of amalgamation. The only way to keep Branches as they are is to increase membership numbers. It was noted that 33 of the Yorkshire members have died since 2010. There was a consensus that amalgamation with the East Midlands Branch would be a positive outcome for this Branch. ii) Discussion on amalgamation with any other relevant Branch The East Midlands Branch AGM is tomorrow. DC will take our positive views regarding amalgamation to that AGM for discussion. If the members are receptive, we could hold a joint AGM next year to amalgamate the Branches. This could take place at Keyworth, but other options were put forward, such as Worksop or Sheffield. DC extended an invitation to RS to attend the AGM tomorrow to speak on behalf of the Yorkshire Branch.

PE will start to include East Midlands field trips in the newsletter, when these have been agreed. iii) Discussion on possible running of the Yorkshire Branch by the Executive Committee The Executive Committee would replace the Branch Organiser to receive emails and correspondence, and to oversee the local committee, the Treasurer and the Newsletter Editor. The Constitution states that Branches have to have a Branch Organiser, a Treasurer and a Newsletter Editor, without one or more of these, the Branch cannot function and must be taken over by the Executive.

If the Treasurer remains in place, the Executive would remain overseeing the Branch, and there would be no plans to split or close the Branch. A forced amalgamation would require a change to the Constitution, which is a discussion for the future.

When RS spoke to Paul, BO at Northumbria, he agreed to find a speaker for the Yorkshire AGM today. When the Branch voted against amalgamation, Paul and his speaker declined to attend today, so there is no post-AGM speaker.

DC feels that should the East Midlands Branch be open to amalgamation, the two committees should meet in a mutually agreed location to discuss the future. iv) Wider discussion on the future of the OUGS Postponed for another time.

9. Election of Officers; Branch Organiser, Treasurer, Newsletter Editor Branch Organiser: Position not filled

Treasurer: Peter Vallely Proposed: Wayne Harston Seconded: Phil Robinson All present in favour

Newsletter Editor: Peter Ellenger (for one more year) Proposed: Ann Goundry Seconded: Peter Roberts All present in favour With the proviso that more articles are required

Committee Members: Ann Goundry, Rick Savage, Jenny Jennings, Jean Sampson, Peter Roberts Proposed: Phil Robinson Seconded: Wayne Harston All present in favour

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10. Alan Stollery update Volumes 1 and 2: PR has been tweaking the original drafts received from RS, and an index has been added. PV has then had a second review of them for accuracy. The two volumes are at a point where they are happy with the layout and the writing, so they have been sent to PE to review with his Editor’s head on. Volume 1 has now been sent to RS as complete; and volume 2 is very close.

Volume 3: has been checked by PR and has gone to PV for a second review. Volume 4: is with PR in its very early stages. This was a huge task set by Alan, who sometimes got lost himself. One of PVs tasks is to check the geology is up to date. In its original state, it’s a box of field notes that have been glued together, and photos from Alan. The notes have been transcribed and the photos unstuck and digitally put into the document. The whole thing is now electronic. RS still has the original box of Alan’s work.

AG believes it was meant to go out just as Alan intended, as he wrote it with old terminology and everything. PR stated that it is not appropriate to go out in its original state and that it is still Alan’s work, just refined. RS does not believe the books could be followed as their author intended, especially without an index. We do want to do justice to Alan’s memory.

There is approximately 400 pages across 4 volumes. The original plan was to publish hard copy, with one copy for each member. This is clearly not financially viable. There was 1TB of photographs sent with the books. The volumes could be condensed and uploaded to the website. The plan remains to publish one hard copy for Alan’s widow Helen, as part of a planned presentation.

It was proposed that a £350 ring-fenced pot of money be assigned to the Alan Stollery Memorial. Proposed: Ann Goundry Seconded: Don Cameron All present in favour

RS will send the Dropbox link to DC.

PE acknowledged that PR and PV have done a really good job and is sure that everyone will be very pleased with the results. None of ‘Alan’ is being lost in this piece of work. It is a fitting memorial to him.

Grateful thanks were expressed to PR, PV and PE for their hard work.

11. Any other Business New Treasurer Peter Vallely has been given the authority to sign cheques in addition to Ann Goundry and Jean Sampson. Margaret Bemrose is to be removed as a signatory. Proposed: Ann Goundry Seconded: Wayne Harston All present in favour

The Executive Committee will now fulfil the Branch Organiser role. All committee members agree to receive emails intended for the BO. Trips will be arranged by the committee by email.

Trips will be added to the website by RS and/or PV. The current webmaster, Dave Beaver does not attend AGMs or respond to emails relating to the website, however he does add the newsletter when requested.

WH wished to express his thanks to PR for the article about sea level rise. It inspired him to go and buy the book.

12. Date, time and venue of next meeting To be arranged

Meeting closed at 1:29pm 7

The Yorkshire Branch of the OUGS March 2020

Field trip to the Sheffield area - 16th August 2019 - led by Peter Kennett and John Hunter Seven brave members met on a very wet Friday morning at –a small village 8 km south-west of Sheffield on the edge of the Peak District. We were led by Peter Kennett and John Hunter of the Sheffield Area Geological Trust (SAGT). The objective was to look at late Namurian sediments to the south-west of Sheffield in the morning, and then to examine two contrasting areas in the Coal Measures on the opposite side of Sheffield by visiting various locations. Both Peter and John had a tremendous wealth of knowledge about the Sheffield area, and were very willing to share it.

Location 1 – Greenhouse Lane Viewpoint (SK 284843) The first location was a viewpoint over the Porter Valley on Greenhouse Lane where Peter pointed out all the things that we unfortunately couldn’t see because of cloud (Figure1). From here, Sheffield appears to lie in a kind of basin at the confluence of several rivers. Nearly all of Sheffield is built on rocks of the Coal Measures (or Westphalian) stage of the Carboniferous. The Coal Measures are mostly made up of mudstones and siltstones, but there are also a few thick and resistant sandstone beds (especially the Greenmoor Rock) which form steep ridges and quarried Figure1.Peter Kennett indicating the lack of view over Sheffield faces that surround the . from the viewpoint at Greenhouse Lane

Location 2 - Brown Edge Quarry (SK 273838) Peter led us along an old haulage track over Burbage Moor to the extensive but long-abandoned Brown Edge Quarries in the “Rough Rock”. The Rough Rock is the youngest and most widespread sandstone in the Namurian and was formed in braided river channels. At its heyday, in the 18th and 19th centuries, up to 50 men were engaged here in quarrying the flaggy beds at the base of the Rough Rock. These were used for roofing “slates”, as they split easily because of mica flakes aligned along the bedding planes (Figure 2). Eventually the quarries declined when the railways brought competition from the Welsh slates. Some of the quarry faces show good examples of concretions (or nodules). These seem to form after deposition where decaying plant material changes the water chemistry and attracts iron from the surrounding rock to form hard iron carbonate nodules. As a result the surrounding rock becomes depleted in iron and susceptible to erosion and large holes may form (Figure3).

Figure 2 A small exposure of Rough Rock flagstones in Brown Edge Quarry showing northerly dip

Figure 3 Concretions in Rough Rock at Brown Edge Quarry 8

The Yorkshire Branch of the OUGS March 2020

Location 3 – Ox Stones (SK 280831) We then walked southwards across the moor, crossing a small ridge formed from the Redmires Flags (a minor Namurian sandstone band) where Peter indicated the ruins of “Kelly’s house”. Kelly was an Irishman who lived here around 1860 and allegedly extracted potassium from peat and distilled bootleg liquor. Peter also showed us bell pits which exploited the Ringinglow Coal (see locality 4), as well as some bomb craters from World War 2 (Figure 4). The government had set up a decoy version of Sheffield on the moors to deceive enemy bombers. Figure 4 Site of a World War 2 bomb crater

We crossed the Ringinglow-Hathersage road and continued to the Ox Stones which are two small tors on the Chatsworth Grit. Weathering and wind erosion has etched out the bedding planes, and the obvious cross- bedding indicates that currents flowed from ENE to WSW (Figure 5). The Chatsworth Grit is a major sandstone band in the Namurian. It is coarse grained, feldspathic, and contains many quartz pebbles suggesting it was deposited in fast-flowing channels within a delta.

Figure 5 The Ox Stones – cross bedding is apparent on the lower right

Location 4 – Uppermost Limb Valley (SK 292835) We struggled onwards through the dark forest of Lady Canning’s Plantation and eventually emerged at Ringinglow at the top of Limb Brook. The northern bank of this stream was the site of a colliery exploiting the Ringinglow Coal -unusual in that the band is in the Namurian series (rather than in the Coal Measures). The coal seam was quite thin and of fairly poor quality. Records show that it was worked from at least as far back as 1816 until 1913. The area has now been fenced off and only small spoil tips can be seen. However, in 2006, the Limb Brook became diverted into the mine workings, and had to be restored to its original course by the Coal Authority. The rain was showing no sign of letting up, and we gratefully retreated to the nearby Norfolk Arms for lunch.

Location 5 – Nunnery Triangle, near (SK 382878) Suitably refreshed and slightly less wet, we drove through Sheffield to Nunnery Triangle which is just off Ouseburn Road in Darnall. This is a RIGS site (Regionally Important Geological Site) in a former railway cutting which is now in the early stages of development for housing (Figure 6). About a year ago, the developer lent SAGT the use of a digger and driver to clean up the geological exposure. We climbed through a hole in a fence and continued to a cleaned section of the cutting to where John pointed out the two leaves of the Swallow Wood coal seam (Figure 7), which has been worked underground elsewhere in the Sheffield area.

Figure 6 Swallow Wood Coal Seam exposed at Nunnery Triangle. (Tracy)

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Above the coal seam were thinly bedded mudstones, siltstones and fine sandstones, and below it was a seatearth which had turned into an unpleasant sticky clay in the rain. John explained that this exposure demonstrated cyclic sedimentation in the Coal Measures. The sequence being (from bottom to top): coal–mudstone-siltstone-sandstone-seatearth-coal (also Figure 7). Coal seams develop by anaerobic decay of plant material in swamps which forms peat and then this is compressed into coal. Every few thousand years or so these swamps became flooded as sea levels rose during which the mudstones, siltstones and sandstones were deposited. Later the land became emergent again and soils formed (the Figure 7 Leaves of the Swallow Wood Coal Seam; seatearths), and eventually swampy coal-forming the lower leaf visible beneath the muddy ledge just right of centre. (Tracy) conditions returned and the cycle repeats. John pointed out some Lepidodendron fossils in the coal.

Location 6–Footpath cutting near Parkway (SK 429836) We then drove to Drake House Crescent in . We walked northwards along the main road until we could get on to a footpath. John led us along this to a cutting which exposed a massive-bedded sandstone, which he said was stratigraphically at the same level as Nunnery Triangle (5 km away) but the lithology was entirely different (Figure 8). We found large-scale planar and trough cross- bedding structures indicating a south-westerly source for the sediment. This sandstone (known as the Woodhouse Rock) is exposed in road cuttings in the Mosborough Parkway area and is interpreted as a deep channel cut into the Coal Measures. We returned to our vehicles and thanked Peter and John for leading us on Figure 8 Exposure of massive sandstone of the Woodhouse Rock an excellent trip. We had all learned a great near Mosborough Parkway. (Tracy) deal in spite of the bad weather. Report by Peter Vallely. Photos by Peter Vallely and Tracy Atkinson (Reproduced by kind permission of East Midlands Branch)

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OUGS East Midlands and Yorkshire Branches 2020 joint field trips, indoor meeting and the OUGS Symposium

March - Saturday 14th National Coal Museum, Wakefield (EM&Y) underground tour led by Contact Don Cameron [email protected] an ex-miner surface walk afterwards led by Tony Felski

April - 4th to 11th Residential trip to Arran (waiting list only) (EM) led by Dr Ian Williamson Contact Ian Clarke [email protected]

April – Sunday 26th Stoney Middleton, Peak District (Y) led by Peter Vallely Contact Peter Vallely [email protected]

May – Saturday 16th Lathkill Dale hydrology, Derby (EM) led by Dr Vanessa Banks Contact Tracy Atkinson [email protected]

June - Saturday 20th Wharncliffe Crags and Langsett, Sheffield (Y) led by Dr Gareth Martin Contact Tony Felski [email protected]

July – Sunday 5th Bradgate Park and Mount St Bernard, Leics. (EM) led by Dr Ian Williamson Contact Dot Brooke-Taylor [email protected]

August – Friday7th OUGS Symposium – Lancaster to Sunday 9th Planet Earth Today – Booking form online: [email protected]

September – Saturday 13th Norber Erratics and Crummackdale (Y) led by Tony Felski near Austwick, Yorkshire Dales Contact Tony Felski [email protected]

October – Saturday 24th Upton (am) and South Elmsall (pm) (Y) led by Tony Felski Contact Tony Felski [email protected]

November – 6th to 8th Snowflake residential weekend, Halifax/Huddersfield (EM) Contact Don Cameron [email protected]

November – date TBA Hull University flume tank (Y) led by Rick Savage Contact Rick Savage [email protected]

December – Sat 5th tbc Day of Talks – Keyworth – BGS Research (EM)

January – Sun 31st tbc East Midlands AGM 11

The Yorkshire Branch of the OUGS March 2020

Other Branches’ 2020 field trips

Details of field trips run by other branches can be found in the latest national newsletter by logging on here

Field Trip Insurance

Each person attending field meetings does so on the understanding that they attend at their own risk. The OUGS has Public Liability insurance cover for field and indoor meetings, but Personal Accident cover and Personal Liability cover remain the responsibility and personal choice of participants. There may be an element of appropriate cover included in Members’ own household or travel insurance. Members should also note that they will be required to take out appropriate travel insurance for any overseas events; annual travel insurance may be the best form of cover for any Member who regularly attends field events.

Other excursion and meeting opportunities

There are many geology trips/lectures in Yorkshire, and elsewhere, which could be of interest. Details of these can be found on the various society websites, below:

OUGS https://ougs.org/events/ LGA http://www.leedsga.org.uk/ YGS www.yorksgeolsoc.org.uk/ Down to Earth https://www.geosupplies.co.uk/ HGS www.hullgeolsoc.org.uk/ Mid-week Geology Group http://mwggyorkshire.org.uk/ Friends of Settle Carlisle Line https://www.foscl.org.uk/

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