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cover 9/23/02 16:08 Page 1 ADDENDA WHAT IS THE OSCE? 1 Since this edition of the Handbook went to press, several important HISTORY 2 OSCE-related events have occurred: STRUCTURES 3 1. At the Eighth Ministerial Council in Vienna, 27 and 28 November AND INSTITUTIONS 2000, the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) signed the key documents of the CSCE/OSCE. 2. The Council also welcomed the adoption by the Forum for Security INSTRUMENTS 4 Co-operation of an OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons. FIELD ACTIVITIES 3. The Ninth Ministerial Council, which was held in Bucharest, 3 and 4 5 December 2001, agreed on a joint Declaration and Plan of Action for Combating Terrorism. MECHANISMS 4. The OSCE decided to open a Mission to the FRY in January 2001; the AND PROCEDURES 6 former Missions of Long Duration to Sanjak, Vojvodina and Kosovo (in the FRY) were dissolved. THE HIGH COMMISSIONER 5. Freimut Duve’s term as Representative on Freedom of the Media was ON NATIONAL MINORITIES 7 extended until 31 December 2003. 6. Negotiations on Article V of the Dayton Peace Accords (Annex 1-B) THE HUMAN DIMENSION were successfully concluded under the auspices of the OSCE on 18 8 July 2001. 7. Rolf Ekeus, a Swedish diplomat, replaced Max van der Stoel on 1 July POLITICO-MILITARY ASPECTS 9 2001 as High Commissioner on National Minorities. OF SECURITY 8. The OSCE missions in Latvia and in Estonia formally ceased to exist 31 December, 2001. THE ECONOMIC AND 10 9. The Opens Skies Treaty entered into force on 1 January 2002, 60 days ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION after the necessary number of ratification documents was received from States Parties. THE OSCE 11 10. The unified OSCE budget for 2002 was fixed at 177.5 million Euros PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY (excluding the cost of running the Kosovo election). 11. The Secretary General, Jan Kubis, began a second three-year term of EXTERNAL 12 office on 15 June 2002. CO-OPERATION A new edition of the Handbook is in preparation and will be published PARTNERS 13 later in the year. FOR CO-OPERATION HANDBOOK_2002 9/23/02 15:56 Page II TABLE OF CONTENTS List of OSCE participating States VII Part II: The OSCE’s Comprehensive Approach to Security 4. Instruments 42 Introduction VIII 5. Field Activities 44 1. What is the OSCE? 1 Introduction and Overview ........................................................................45 The OSCE Mission in Kosovo ..................................................................46 From Vancouver to Vladivostok ..................................................................1 The OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina .......................................48 A Co-operative Approach ............................................................................2 The OSCE Mission to Croatia ...................................................................51 A Unique Status ...........................................................................................3 The OSCE Presence in Albania .................................................................52 The OSCE Spillover Monitor Mission to Skopje......................................55 Part I: OSCE – An Overview The OSCE Missions of Long Duration in Kosovo, Sandjak and Vojvodina ............................................................................56 2. History 6 The OSCE Mission to Georgia ..................................................................58 The Helsinki Process....................................................................................7 The OSCE Assistance Group to Chechnya................................................60 From the CSCE to the OSCE ....................................................................12 The Conflict Dealt with by the Minsk Conference (Nagorno-Karabakh).....62 The OSCE Today .......................................................................................17 The OSCE Office in Yerevan.....................................................................67 The OSCE Office in Baku .........................................................................67 3. Structures and Institutions 20 The OSCE Mission to Moldova ................................................................68 The OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine..............................................70 Negotiating and Decision-making Bodies ..............................................21 The OSCE Advisory and Monitoring Group in Belarus ...........................73 Summits .....................................................................................................21 OSCE Activities in Estonia........................................................................74 Review Conferences ..................................................................................23 OSCE Activities in Latvia..........................................................................76 The Ministerial Council .............................................................................25 The OSCE Mission to Tajikistan ...............................................................77 The Permanent Council..............................................................................25 The OSCE Liaison Office in Central Asia ...............................................80 The Senior Council ....................................................................................26 OSCE Centres in Central Asia...................................................................82 The Forum for Security Co-operation .......................................................27 Personal Representatives of the Chairman-in-Office ................................82 The Decision-making Process....................................................................28 Operational Structures and Institutions................................................30 6. Mechanisms and Procedures 86 The Chairman-in-Office.............................................................................30 The Secretary General and the Secretariat ................................................31 Human Dimension Mechanisms................................................................87 OSCE Administration and Finance............................................................33 Vienna Mechanism ...............................................................................87 The Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights ......................35 Moscow Mechanism .............................................................................87 The High Commissioner on National Minorities ......................................35 Mechanism for Consultation and Co-operation The Representative on Freedom of the Media ..........................................36 as regards Unusual Military Activities ....................................................88 The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly..........................................................36 Co-operation as regards Hazardous Incidents of a Military Nature..........88 The Court of Conciliation and Arbitration ................................................37 Provisions Relating to Early Warning and Preventive Action...................88 II III HANDBOOK_2002 9/23/02 15:56 Page IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Mechanism for Consultation and Co-operation 11. The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly 138 with regard to Emergency Situations (Berlin Mechanism).....................89 The Parliamentary Assembly’s Objectives ..............................................140 Peaceful Settlement of Disputes ................................................................89 Structure and Institutions .........................................................................141 Valletta Mechanism ..............................................................................89 Principal Activities...................................................................................142 Convention on Conciliation and Arbitration within the OSCE ...........90 Relations with other Institutions and Organizations................................147 Provisions for an OSCE Conciliation Commission .............................90 Provisions for Directed Conciliation ...................................................91 12. External Co-operation 148 7. The High Commissioner on National Minorities 92 Co-operation at the Political Level..........................................................150 Co-operation in the Field .........................................................................155 The High Commissioner’s Involvement....................................................94 Contacts with Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)......................160 The High Commissioner’s Mandate ..........................................................94 The Work of the High Commissioner in Practice......................................97 13. Partners for Co-operation 162 8. The Human Dimension 100 Mediterranean Partners for Co-operation ................................................163 Japan and Korea: Partners for Co-operation............................................166 OSCE Commitments in the Human Dimension......................................101 The Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights ....................105 Annexes 168 The Representative on Freedom of the Media.........................................112 Gender Issues ..........................................................................................114 ■ Dates of Signature by participating States of the Helsinki Final Act and of the Charter
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