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Pulp and Paper Industry Byproducts Pulp and Paper Industry Byproducts 551. 13C/12C composition, a novel parameter to study 554. Active carbon pools and enzyme activities in soils the downward migration of paper sludge in soils. amended with de-inking paper sludge. Lichtfouse, Eric; Rogers, Karyne; Payet, Cecile; and Renat, Chantigny, M. H.; Angers, D. A.; and Beauchamp, C. J. Jean-Christophe Canadian Journal of Soil Science 80(1): 99-105. (2000) Geochemical Transactions 3(6): 2002. (2002); ISSN: 1467- NAL Call #: 56.8 C162; ISSN: 0008-4271 4866. Descriptors: alkaline phosphatase/ application rates/ Notes: References: 15; illus. DOI: 10.1039/b205560k. available water/ biomass/ carbendazim/ carbon/ deficiency/ Descriptors: C-13/ C-12/ carbon/ environmental effects/ enzyme activity/ hydrolysis/ incorporation/ interference/ industrial waste/ isotope ratios/ isotopes/ pollution/ sewage levelling/ microbial flora/ microorganisms/ organic matter/ sludge/ sludge/ soils/ stable isotopes/ Environmental paper mill sludge/ phosphoric monoester hydrolases/ geology/ Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments physical properties/ properties/ sludges/ soil/ soil © American Geological Institute amendments/ soil organic matter/ soil water/ soil water content/ wastes/ water availability/ water content/ alkaline 552. 13c study of soils 8 years after paper sludge phosphomonoesterase/ carbendazol/ MBC/ medamine/ disposal. micro organisms/ microbial biomass/ microflora/ organic Lichtfouse, Eric; Rogers, Karyne; Payet, Cecile; and Renat, matter in soil/ phosphatases/ soil moisture Christophe. Abstract: A field study was undertaken in Quebec province, In: 223rd National Meeting of the American Chemical Canada, on a well-drained clay loam and a poorly drained Society.Orlando, FL, USA.); Vol. 223(1-2): GEOC 8.; 2002. silty clay loam amended with de-inking paper sludge (DPS) Notes: ISSN: 0065-7727. at rates of 0 (control), 50 or 100 t ha-1. K2SO4-extractable C Descriptors: biochemistry and molecular biophysics/ soil (Cext), soil water content (SWC), microbial biomass C science/ terrestrial ecology: ecology, environmental (MBC) and different enzyme activity rates were periodically sciences/ waste management: sanitation/ paper sludge measured in soil during 1075 d following DPS disposal: agricultural lands, forestry lands, waste disposal incorporation. Compared with control soils, Cext content method/ soil properties/ meeting abstract increased by 100 to 200%, and soil water content increased © Thomson Reuters by 35% following incorporation of DPS at 100 t ha-1. Those differences decreased in time as DPS decomposed. Soil 553. Accumulation and availability of Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe MBC increased proportionally with the rate of DPS in soils polluted with paper mill waste water. amendment and was approx. twice the amount in soils Matli Srinivaschari; Dhakshinamoorthy, M.; and amended with 100 t ha-1 compared with the control. Arunachalam, G. Microbial quotient (ratio of MBC to total soil organic C) was Madras Agricultural Journal 87(4/6): 237-240. (2000) greater in DPS-amended than in control soils until day 370, NAL Call #: 22 M262; ISSN: 0024-9602 reflecting the input of labile C from DPS. Compared with the Descriptors: application date/ copper/ electrical control, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and alkaline conductivity/ gypsum/ iron/ irrigation/ irrigation water/ phosphatase activity rates increased by 40 to 100% when manganese/ NPK fertilizers/ nutrient availability/ paper mill adding 50 t DPS ha-1. However, the rates were similar for sludge/ polluted soils/ rice/ rice husks/ soil amendments/ 50 and 100 t DPS ha-1. It is concluded that DPS promoted soil fertility/ soil ph/ soil pollution/ soil toxicity/ trace microbial growth and activity in the soil by improving C and elements/ waste water/ zinc/ Madras/ microelements/ Mn/ water availability. However, levelling off of enzyme activity paddy/ rice hulls/ toxic soils/ watering at a DPS application >50 t ha-1 could reflect changes in soil Abstract: Field experiments were conducted at M/s Sun microbial community, or some kinetic interference or Paper Mill Farms, Cheranmahadevi, Tamil Nadu, India, nutrient deficiency induced by excessive C input. during Kar (June-August) and Pishanam (November- Reproduced with permission from the CAB Abstracts February) seasons, 1995-96, to determine the effect of database. continuous use of paper mill waste water on the accumulation of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn in soil. The treatments 555. Aggregation and organic matter decomposition in included three different irrigation sources and three soil soils amended with de-inking paper sludge. amendments (NPK at 120:60:60 kg ha-1, rice husk ash and Chantigny, M. H.; Angers, D. A.; and Beauchamp, C. J. gypsum) with rice cv. ASD36 as test crop. Soils irrigated Soil Science Society of America Journal 63(5): 1214-1221. with paper mill waste water increased soil pH and electrical (Sept. 1999-Oct. 1999) conductivity (EC) in both seasons. Gypsum was better in NAL Call #: 56.9 So3; ISSN: 0361-5995 [SSSJD4] lowering pH than rice husk ash; whereas for EC, rice husk Descriptors: clay loam soils/ agricultural soils/ land ash proved better. DTPA extractable Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn application/ soil organic matter/ degradation/ application largely accumulated in the upper 15 cm soil depth and the rate/ soil aggregates/ soil aggregation/ Quebec/ stability/ extent of their accumulation was increased with increased paper mill sludge/ silty clay loam soils time of application. Application of rice husk ash proved Abstract: De-inking paper sludge (DPS) has been significant in preventing micronutrients from reaching toxic traditionally disposed of by burning or landfilling, but could levels in soil. be used as an organic amendment in agricultural soils. Our Reproduced with permission from the CAB Abstracts objective was to assess the impact of DPS incorporation on database. organic matter and aggregation of a clay loam (Typic Dystrochrept) and a silty clay loam (Typic Humaquept). Whole soil C, particulate (> 53 micrometers) and light 153 Use of Industrial Byproducts in Agriculture fraction (density < 1.8 Mg m(-3)) C, and water-stable Descriptors: pollution assessment control and aggregation were measured periodically during a 3-yr management/ soil science/ aggregation/ decomposition/ soil period after a single application of DPS at rates of 0 organic matter (control), 50, and 100 Mg ha(-1). Microscopic observations © Thomson Reuters of water-stable aggregates were also performed. Adding DPS increased whole soil C content, which remained 559. Agricultural use of three organic residues: Effect greater than in the control for the duration of the study. on orange production and on properties of a soil of the After 2 yr, about 40% of the initial material remained in the 'comarca costa de huelva' (sw spain). soil. The proportion of residual C attributed to DPS and Madejon, Engracia; Burgos, Pilar; Lopez, Rafael; and present in the particulate fraction remained constant at 70 Cabrera, Francisco to 90% during the first 2 yr of the study, whereas the Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 65(3): 281-288. (2003) proportion of residual C present in the light fraction NAL Call #: S631 .F422; ISSN: 1385-1314 decreased from > 95% for fresh DPS to < 50% after 2 yr. Descriptors: enzymology: biochemistry and molecular One year after incorporation of DPS, the proportion of biophysics/ horticulture: agriculture/ soil science/ waste water-stable aggregates > 1 mm was 2 to 6 times larger in management: sanitation/ rutaceae: angiosperms, dicots, amended soils than in the control. This effect was still plants, spermatophytes, vascular plants/ field experiment: statistically significant after 3 yr. Microscopic observations applied and field techniques/ organic fertilization: applied revealed that DPS formed into clusters of wood fibers which and field techniques/ soil sampling: applied and field became encrusted with mineral particles. We hypothesized techniques/ Ec [Electrical Conductivity]/ humic substances/ that this encrustation provided physical protection to the municipal solid waste compost/ olive mill waste water decaying DPS which remained particulate (> 53 sludge compost/ organic residues: agricultural use/ pH/ micrometers) in size and progressively densified to > 1.8 paper mill sludge/ soil chemical properties/ soil enzymatic Mg m(-3). As a result, water-stable macroaggregates were activity/ soil properties/ soil quality/ total organic carbon formed with DPS as a central core. Abstract: Disposal of urban, agricultural and industrial This citation is from AGRICOLA. organic residues implies an increasing problem because of all the economic and environmental repercussions involved. 556. Aggregation and organic matter decomposition in One of the most adequate ways of managing this problem soils amended with de-inking paper sludge; Comments is the agricultural use of these wastes as organic on. amendments. Three organic residues (AC, olive mill waste Beyer, L. and Mueller, K. water sludge compost; MWC, municipal solid waste Soil Science Society of America Journal 64(4): 1544-1545. compost; and PS, paper mill sludge) were used in a 3-year (July 2000-Aug. 2000) field experiment involving orange production. The effect of NAL Call #: 56.9 So3; ISSN: 0361-5995 [SSSJD4]. their application on crop production and on soil quality was Notes: Comment on original article published in Soil investigated. Soil samples (0-20 cm depth) collected 11 Science Society of America Journal, 63(5), Sept/Oct, 1999, months after the last soil
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