Voucher Specimens Deposited in the Oregon State Arthropod Collection for Masters of Science Dissertation, Forest Pollinators (Hymenoptera, Apiformes)
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Wild Bees of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: Richness, Abundance, and Spatio-Temporal Beta-Diversity
Wild bees of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: richness, abundance, and spatio-temporal beta-diversity Olivia Messinger Carril1, Terry Griswold2, James Haefner3 and Joseph S. Wilson4 1 Santa Fe, NM, United States of America 2 USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Logan, UT, United States of America 3 Biology Department, Emeritus Professor, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States of America 4 Department of Biology, Utah State University - Tooele, Tooele, UT, United States of America ABSTRACT Interest in bees has grown dramatically in recent years in light of several studies that have reported widespread declines in bees and other pollinators. Investigating declines in wild bees can be difficult, however, due to the lack of faunal surveys that provide baseline data of bee richness and diversity. Protected lands such as national monuments and national parks can provide unique opportunities to learn about and monitor bee populations dynamics in a natural setting because the opportunity for large-scale changes to the landscape are reduced compared to unprotected lands. Here we report on a 4-year study of bees in Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM), found in southern Utah, USA. Using opportunistic collecting and a series of standardized plots, we collected bees throughout the six-month flowering season for four consecutive years. In total, 660 bee species are now known from the area, across 55 genera, and including 49 new species. Two genera not previously known to occur in the state of Utah were discovered, as well as 16 new species records for the state. Bees include ground-nesters, cavity- and twig-nesters, cleptoparasites, narrow specialists, generalists, solitary, and social species. -
Studies of North American Bees
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers from the University Studies series (The University of Nebraska) University Studies of the University of Nebraska January 1914 Studies of North American Bees Myron Harmon Swenk University of Nebraska - Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/univstudiespapers Part of the Life Sciences Commons Swenk, Myron Harmon, "Studies of North American Bees" (1914). Papers from the University Studies series (The University of Nebraska). 9. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/univstudiespapers/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University Studies of the University of Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers from the University Studies series (The University of Nebraska) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. VOL. XIV JANUAR Y 1914 No. I I.-STUDIES OF NORTH AMERICAN BEES BY MYRON HARMON SWENK &+ The present paper is the second of the series proposed in a previous contribution on the famil.\- Nomadidae (arztea, XII, pp. I-II~),and aims to tabulate and list the bees of the family Stelididae occurring in Nebraska, together wilth annotations con- cerning their distribution, comparative abundance and season of flight. As in the previous study, records and descriptions of specimens from outside Nebraska before the writer are included where these seem to add anything to our knowledge of the species concerned. MATERIAL In the studies upon which this paper is based over four hundred specimens have been examined and determined. From the state of Nebraska fifteen species and subspecies are recorded, and of these three species are apparently new. -
Sociobiology 66(1): 61-65 (March, 2019) DOI: 10.13102/Sociobiology.V66i1.3558
Sociobiology 66(1): 61-65 (March, 2019) DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v66i1.3558 Sociobiology An international journal on social insects RESEARCH ARTICLE - BEES Nest architecture and life cycle of Small Carpenter bee, Ceratina binghami Cockerell (Xylocopinae: Apidae: Hymenoptera) A Udayakumar, TM Shivalingaswamy Division of Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, aluru,Beng Karnataka, India Article History Abstract The small carpenter bee, Ceratina binghami (Xylocopinae: Apidae) is an Edited by important pollinator of many agricultural and horticultural crops. The Celso Martins, UFPB, Brazil Received 03 July 2018 nests constructed by the bee in the pruned pithy stems of Caesalpinia Initial acceptance 13 September 2018 pulcherrima were collected to study its biology under laboratory conditions. Final acceptance 12 October 2018 The bee constructs its nest in the pithy stems of different plants by Publication date 25 April 2019 chewing out the pith. The bee is polylectic and provision with pollen balls to its brood cells with an interesting nest guarding behavior. The nests Keywords Caesalpinia; Ceratina; foraging; nesting: life cycle; consisted of egg, larvae, prepupae, pupae and adult stages. Life cycle nest architecture. of the bee was completed in 41.67 ± 3.12 days. Pupal stage consisted of different colors of eye pigmentation. Foraging activity of the bee started Corresponding author during morning hours approximately between 6.45 to 7.15 am and ended Amala Udayakumar during the late evening hours of 4.50 to 5.15 pm. Detailed nest architecture Division of Germplasm Conservation and Utilization of the bee was studied. The nesting behavior and short life cycle of C. -
Wild Bee Declines and Changes in Plant-Pollinator Networks Over 125 Years Revealed Through Museum Collections
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Master's Theses and Capstones Student Scholarship Spring 2018 WILD BEE DECLINES AND CHANGES IN PLANT-POLLINATOR NETWORKS OVER 125 YEARS REVEALED THROUGH MUSEUM COLLECTIONS Minna Mathiasson University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Mathiasson, Minna, "WILD BEE DECLINES AND CHANGES IN PLANT-POLLINATOR NETWORKS OVER 125 YEARS REVEALED THROUGH MUSEUM COLLECTIONS" (2018). Master's Theses and Capstones. 1192. https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/1192 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses and Capstones by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WILD BEE DECLINES AND CHANGES IN PLANT-POLLINATOR NETWORKS OVER 125 YEARS REVEALED THROUGH MUSEUM COLLECTIONS BY MINNA ELIZABETH MATHIASSON BS Botany, University of Maine, 2013 THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences: Integrative and Organismal Biology May, 2018 This thesis has been examined and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences: Integrative and Organismal Biology by: Dr. Sandra M. Rehan, Assistant Professor of Biology Dr. Carrie Hall, Assistant Professor of Biology Dr. Janet Sullivan, Adjunct Associate Professor of Biology On April 18, 2018 Original approval signatures are on file with the University of New Hampshire Graduate School. -
Gut Content Metabarcoding Unveils the Diet of a Flower‐Associated Coastal
ECOSPHERE NATURALIST No guts, no glory: Gut content metabarcoding unveils the diet of a flower-associated coastal sage scrub predator PAUL MASONICK , MADISON HERNANDEZ, AND CHRISTIANE WEIRAUCH Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521 USA Citation: Masonick, P., M. Hernandez, and C. Weirauch. 2019. No guts, no glory: Gut content metabarcoding unveils the diet of a flower-associated coastal sage scrub predator. Ecosphere 10(5):e02712. 10.1002/ecs2.2712 Abstract. Invertebrate generalist predators are ubiquitous and play a major role in food-web dynamics. Molecular gut content analysis (MGCA) has become a popular means to assess prey ranges and specificity of cryptic arthropods in the absence of direct observation. While this approach has been widely used to study predation on economically important taxa (i.e., pests) in agroecosystems, it is less frequently used to study the broader trophic interactions involving generalist predators in natural communities such as the diverse and threatened coastal sage scrub communities of Southern California. Here, we employ DNA metabarcoding-based MGCA and survey the taxonomically and ecologically diverse prey range of Phymata pacifica Evans, a generalist flower-associated ambush bug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). We detected predation on a wide array of taxa including beneficial pollinators, potential pests, and other predatory arthropods. The success of this study demonstrates the utility of MGCA in natural ecosystems and can serve as a model for future diet investigations into other cryptic and underrepresented communities. Key words: biodiversity; blocking primers; DNA detectability half-life; Eriogonum fasciculatum; food webs; intraguild predation; natural enemies. Received 24 January 2019; accepted 11 February 2019. -
Floral Guilds of Bees in Sagebrush Steppe: Comparing Bee Usage Of
ABSTRACT: Healthy plant communities of the American sagebrush steppe consist of mostly wind-polli- • nated shrubs and grasses interspersed with a diverse mix of mostly spring-blooming, herbaceous perennial wildflowers. Native, nonsocial bees are their common floral visitors, but their floral associations and abundances are poorly known. Extrapolating from the few available pollination studies, bees are the primary pollinators needed for seed production. Bees, therefore, will underpin the success of ambitious seeding efforts to restore native forbs to impoverished sagebrush steppe communities following vast Floral Guilds of wildfires. This study quantitatively characterized the floral guilds of 17 prevalent wildflower species of the Great Basin that are, or could be, available for restoration seed mixes. More than 3800 bees repre- senting >170 species were sampled from >35,000 plants. Species of Osmia, Andrena, Bombus, Eucera, Bees in Sagebrush Halictus, and Lasioglossum bees prevailed. The most thoroughly collected floral guilds, at Balsamorhiza sagittata and Astragalus filipes, comprised 76 and 85 native bee species, respectively. Pollen-specialists Steppe: Comparing dominated guilds at Lomatium dissectum, Penstemon speciosus, and several congenerics. In contrast, the two native wildflowers used most often in sagebrush steppe seeding mixes—Achillea millefolium and Linum lewisii—attracted the fewest bees, most of them unimportant in the other floral guilds. Suc- Bee Usage of cessfully seeding more of the other wildflowers studied here would greatly improve degraded sagebrush Wildflowers steppe for its diverse native bee communities. Index terms: Apoidea, Asteraceae, Great Basin, oligolecty, restoration Available for Postfire INTRODUCTION twice a decade (Whisenant 1990). Massive Restoration wildfires are burning record acreages of the The American sagebrush steppe grows American West; two fires in 2007 together across the basins and foothills over much burned >500,000 ha of shrub-steppe and 1,3 James H. -
Comparative Study of Bee Diversity in Restored Habitats in the Presidio San Francisco
Comparative Study of Bee Diversity in Restored Habitats in the Presidio San Francisco Submitted by: Jessica Van Den Berg, Chris Quock, and John Hafernik Prepared for the Presidio Trust May 24, 2010 Bee Diversity in Restored Habitats 2 Background and Objectives The San Francisco Bay area is a biodiversity hotspot where a multitude of different habitats converge. This dense clustering of species is vulnerable to climate change as it affects sea level rise and temperature patterns. It is important that species and their associated populations and distributions be recorded to document the natural history of the area and to provide a baseline for monitoring changes in species composition and distribution. In March 2004, students from San Francisco State began sampling bee diversity in the Presidio. The 2004 study recorded patterns of bee diversity at different levels of land degradation and restoration (Woods et al., 2005). The 2004 study sampled a total of nine sites of varying habitat type and quality within the Presidio. Five sites were restored habitats of varying age at the time of sampling. These include Crissy Field, Inspiration Point, Lincoln and Pershing, Lobos Creek, and World War II Memorial. Two additional sites, Battery Marcus Miller and Southern Site comprised small areas of relatively intact native habitat. These sites represented the least amount of land disturbance while two more sites, Fill Site 6 and Forested Site represented the opposite end of the degradation spectrum. The study began in March of 2004 and sampling took place once a month until October 2004 with a total of seven samples for each site. -
Insects of the Idaho National Laboratory: a Compilation and Review
Insects of the Idaho National Laboratory: A Compilation and Review Nancy Hampton Abstract—Large tracts of important sagebrush (Artemisia L.) Major portions of the INL have been burned by wildfires habitat in southeastern Idaho, including thousands of acres at the over the past several years, and restoration and recovery of Idaho National Laboratory (INL), continue to be lost and degraded sagebrush habitat are current topics of investigation (Ander- through wildland fire and other disturbances. The roles of most son and Patrick 2000; Blew 2000). Most restoration projects, insects in sagebrush ecosystems are not well understood, and the including those at the INL, are focused on the reestablish- effects of habitat loss and alteration on their populations and ment of vegetation communities (Anderson and Shumar communities have not been well studied. Although a comprehen- 1989; Williams 1997). Insects also have important roles in sive survey of insects at the INL has not been performed, smaller restored communities (Williams 1997) and show promise as scale studies have been concentrated in sagebrush and associated indicators of restoration success in shrub-steppe (Karr and communities at the site. Here, I compile a taxonomic inventory of Kimberling 2003; Kimberling and others 2001) and other insects identified in these studies. The baseline inventory of more habitats (Jansen 1997; Williams 1997). than 1,240 species, representing 747 genera in 212 families, can be The purpose of this paper is to present a taxonomic list of used to build models of insect diversity in natural and restored insects identified by researchers studying cold desert com- sagebrush habitats. munities at the INL. -
(Largeflower Triteleia): a Technical Conservation Assessment
Triteleia grandiflora Lindley (largeflower triteleia): A Technical Conservation Assessment © 2003 Ben Legler Prepared for the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Species Conservation Project January 29, 2007 Juanita A. R. Ladyman, Ph.D. JnJ Associates LLC 6760 S. Kit Carson Cir E. Centennial, CO 80122 Peer Review Administered by Society for Conservation Biology Ladyman, J.A.R. (2007, January 29). Triteleia grandiflora Lindley (largeflower triteleia): a technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/ projects/scp/assessments/triteleiagrandiflora.pdf [date of access]. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The time spent and the help given by all the people and institutions mentioned in the References section are gratefully acknowledged. I would also like to thank the Colorado Natural Heritage Program for their generosity in making their files and records available. I also appreciate access to the files and assistance given to me by Andrew Kratz, USDA Forest Service Region 2. The data provided by the Wyoming Natural Diversity Database and by James Cosgrove and Lesley Kennes with the Natural History Collections Section, Royal BC Museum were invaluable in the preparation of the assessment. Documents and information provided by Michael Piep with the Intermountain Herbarium, Leslie Stewart and Cara Gildar of the San Juan National Forest, Jim Ozenberger of the Bridger-Teton National Forest and Peggy Lyon with the Colorado Natural Heritage Program are also gratefully acknowledged. The information provided by Dr. Ronald Hartman and B. Ernie Nelson with the Rocky Mountain Herbarium, Teresa Prendusi with the Region 4 USDA Forest Service, Klara Varga with the Grand Teton National Park, Jennifer Whipple with Yellowstone National Park, Dave Dyer with the University of Montana Herbarium, Caleb Morse of the R.L. -
A New Species of Dialictus from Sombrero Island, Anguilla (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 86:A 61–68New Species(2011) of Dialictus from Sombrero Island, Anguilla (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) 61 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.86.909 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A New Species of Dialictus from Sombrero Island, Anguilla (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) Michael S. Engel Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 1501 Crestline Drive – Suite 140, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66049–2811, USA urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:3714A7FF-E19E-495A-AAF9-98D2F597B757 Corresponding author : Michael S. Engel ( [email protected] ) Academic editor: Michael Ohl | Received 15 January 2011 | Accepted 9 March 2011 | Published 19 March 2011 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:48BE1134-8166-4E1D-A95A-CFD0167475FD Citation: Engel MS (2011) A New Species of Dialictus from Sombrero Island, Anguilla (Hymenoptera, Halictidae). ZooKeys 86 : 61 – 68 . doi: 10.3897/zookeys.86.909 Abstract A new species of Lasioglossum Curtis subgenus Dialictus Robertson (Halictinae, Halictini) is described and fi gured from a series of female and males collected on Sombrero Island, Anguilla; the northernmost island of the Lesser Antilles. Lasioglossum (Dialictus) sombrerense sp. n. is distinguished from its congeners and the name made available for a forthcoming work on the arthropod diversity of Sombrero Island. Keywords Apoidea, Anthophila, Halictidae, Halictinae, Halictini, taxonomy, Anguilla, West Indies Introduction Since the overview by Eickwort (1988), work has steadily increased on the West Indian halictine fauna (e.g., Snelling 2005; Genaro 2006, 2007, 2008; Genaro and Franz 2008; Smith-Pardo 2009) and it is greatly hoped that a new synthesis of this entire region is undertaken. -
7669 / Sect. III Grasshoppers
III.5 The Reproductive Biology of Rare Rangeland Plants and Their Vulnerability to Insecticides Vincent J. Tepedino The Western United States is an area of high plant and animal diversity. Many of the plants on this vast expanse B of mountain, plain, and desert occur nowhere else in the world (Cronquist et al. 1972, Barbour and Billings 1988). Currently about 150 of these plant species are so rare that they have been listed under the Endangered Species Act as either threatened or endangered. Four are shown in figure III.5–1 (a–d). Most of these rare plants have been found on public rangelands (fig. III.5–2). A C D Figure III.5–1—Rare rangeland plants. A = Blowout penstemon (Nebraska), B = Dwarf bear-poppy (Utah), C = Dudley Bluffs twinpod (Colorado), D = San Rafael cactus (Utah). III.5–1 Preserving rare plant species means removing or reducing In seed plants, sexual reproduction depends on the move- threats to existing individuals and ensuring that those ment of mature pollen from the anthers to a receptive individuals can reproduce. Plants reproduce both asexu- stigma (pollination). To complete the process, pollen ally and sexually. For example, the rare plants grains must germinate and send pollen tubes down the Cycladenia humilis var. jonesii in Utah and Mirabilis style to fertilize one or more ovules in the ovary (fertili- macfarlaneii in Idaho and Oregon both reproduce sexu- zation). Sexual reproduction may take place between in- ally by seeds and asexually by the production of rhi- dividuals, or individuals may fertilize themselves if they zomes. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Effects of Habitat Fragmentation and Introduced Species on the Structure and Function Of
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Effects of Habitat Fragmentation and Introduced Species on the Structure and Function of Plant-Pollinator Interactions A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Biology by Keng-Lou James Hung Committee in charge: Professor David A. Holway, Chair Professor Joshua R. Kohn Professor Lisa A. Levin Professor Jean-Bernard H. Minster Professor James C. Nieh 2017 © Keng-Lou James Hung, 2017 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Keng-Lou James Hung is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2017 iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my parents, who stopped at nothing to nurture my intellectual curiosity; to my brother, who was my ever-reliable field assistant and encourager; and to my wife, who gave up everything she had to make this venture a reality. This dissertation is as much a product of my hard work as it is your unconditional love, support, and prayers. This dissertation is also dedicated to the 43,000 bees, wasps, flies, and other insects whose curtailed lives will be forever immortalized in data that will one day be used to secure a brighter future for their kind. You took one for the team; thank you for your sacrifice. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page ................................................................................................................. iii Dedication .......................................................................................................................