.1. E ~ Tml()J . SoC'. BRIT COL lJ MBI A 74 119771. D F:G. 31.1977 27

MORPHOLOGY OF ALIMENTARY AND REPRODUCTIVE TRACTS OF THE BOT , CUTEREBRA TENEBROSA (DIPTERA: CUTEREBRIDAE)!

CRAIG R. B A IRD' and ROGER D. AKHE '

ABSTRACT The interna l reproductive and alimentary structures of Cut" rebra teneiJro sa Coqu illett were studied and compared to other calyptera te fli es. Well defin ed mouth parts a re present. Paired lingual sali vary g lands extend horizontally alm ost to the ahdomen: however. labial sali vary g lands were not found . Th e alimenta ry canal i s complete in female fli es. w hereas males lack a c rop. Femal es have three spherical spermathecae opening in to t he upper portion of the genital chamber. Male reproduct ive structures are similar to tho se in other flie s. Tracheal air sacs fill one-third to one-half of the a bdomen.

I N TRODlCTIO~ OBSERV.\TIO\'S AND DISn;SS ION Little is known concerning th e internal The use of Kahle 's solu tion to kill adult fli es structure of Cuterebra bot fli es . Townsend proved a very useful technique s inc(' the 11935) provided the earliest descriptions of solution perpealed a ll body areas and pr ('uterebra alimentary eserved and reproductive tracts t he internal organs very well. but did not include illustration s. Alim ental''' Trac t In 1963. Calls descrihed and illustrated t he No att ~ mpt was made to describe t he mouth alimenta ry and reproductivE' tract s of parts of l. tenebrosa. The mouth parts are Cuterebra latifrons Coquillett. A comparative typica lly muscoid in both sexes as desc studv of t he alimentary canal of severa ribed for l C. em asculato r IBennett 19 in clu'ding r. latifron s was 55 ) and C latifmn s made by Sing h a nd ICalts 1963). Judd in 1966_ Various authors have descrihed The paired racemose sali vary g la nds are and illustrated the e xternal genitalia of connected anteriorly by a common sali vary Cuterebra IBennett 1955 : Haas & Dicke 1958 : duct w hich extends to t he oral s tructur Cates 1963: Graham and Capell e 1970: and es I Figure I ). Posteriorly. the g lands a re s ituated Baird and Graham 1973 ). The purpose of the -horizontall v in the lower thora x and exte presen t paper is t.o report findings from nd almost to 't he a bdomen. CaLts 119 dissections of Cut erebra /e l1 63 ) reported eiJro sa Coquillett the sali vary g la specimens a nd t.o provide nds e xtending only in to the illu stra tions of the prothorax of structures. C. la t i (run s. Singh and Judd 11966 ). also working with C. la t i (rull s found sa li varv g lands extending METHODS A \,D \lA TEIU", LS into the a bdomen. Townsend 11935 ) described s Adult fli es were obtained b y rearing larvae alivar.v g lands of Cut erehra as being atrophied or in captive bus hy tailed wood rats (Nf'o toma absent. These discrepancies may be due to cinerea Orrl.!. Within fiv e days a fter em age or to preser­ ergence. vation method. fli es were inj ected with Kahle's solu tion to kill Lowne 11 890) and Hewitt 11914) and fix th e ~1 in a n extended position. They indicated that paired lingual salivary g lands of were s tored in t he same preservative for several Calliphora and Mu sca_ respectively , were of a s days and then transferred to 70 % alcohol for imple tubula r type which ultimately te rminat pe~man e n t s torage. Dissections were performed ed in the posterior of t he abdom with standard di ssection en. Hori 11972) al so tools under a found tubular binocular microscope. sali vary g lands extending into the abdomen of fli es belonging to eight caly pterate muscoid families_ An additional ISeit'lllific Papf'r No . ·J.lH9, C( )ll eg(' of Agrkult urr' Hp."C'aJ"ch difference between Cuierpbra and other Ct'nlf'r. \\"a" hi ngton S tatl' lJl1in~ r " il .\ · . Pull man. Projt'ct !J9.J:I mu scoid fli es was that the labial sali vary glands present in Callip hora and M usca I Lowne -' De partment o f En loll1olog.v. lIn i\"f·r<.>it.\· o f Id aho, \lnsrow. IR90: Hewitt 1914) were absent in C uterebra. Idaho A d dn~s ~: P. O . Box 10:")1'\ Cill d w\·11. Irla lHI R:JG();-) The alimentar v c anal in C. tell eiJrosa is complete a nd basically simila r to that in other muscoid 'DqJ<1rt mellt o f Elllorn o l og-~· . \ \'a shing!oll Statl.' lInin·t"sily. families. An important difference is Pullman. \Yashingtn n 99 1(~: l the apparent absence of a c rop in male r. E CS CV 'YJ" / v ! I

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~ . Fig. 3, Female reproductive organ s. 0, ovary; AG, accessory gland; S, spermatheca; Ge, genita l z2 chamber w Fig. 4. Male reprodu ct ive organs. T , testi s ; YD, vas deferens: AG, accessory glands; ED, ejacu la· -, tory duct; A , aedeag us 30 J . ENTOMOL. Soc. BRIT. COI.UMBIA 74 (1977). D EC. 3 1, 1977 ' tellebrusa specimens. Only one of fiv e males from zero to four. C. tell ebrosa specimens have had a crop, whereas all fo ur females had small spermat hecae arranged one on the upper left crops (Figure I, Figure 2). Studies with side of the genital cha mber, one on top, and one C. latifrons present co nflicting results : Catts on the upper right side of the chamber ( I: 1: 1) . (19631 reported a vestigal crop, whereas Singh I n contrast, most other muscoid genera have and Judd (1966) described a crop proportional two left and one right 12: I) or one left and two in size to that of other muscoid Diptera. rig ht 11: 2) ILowne 1890; H ewitt 1914; Hori The ventriculus begins with a typical 1972) . A variety of spermathecal shapes were cardiac sac. This organ is termed t he proventri­ illustrated by Hori (1972) for muscoid fli es; culus by Lowne (1890), Hewitt ( 1914), however, within genera the shapes were fairly Hori 11972), and the cardia by Singh and consistent. Judd ( 1966). The remainder of the C. tell ebrusa C. tellebrosa males are basically similar to ventriculus is tubular and of the same diameter other muscoid flies in the internal reproductive t hroughout. T hi s agrees with findings for structures. One difference between C. t f'lIebrosa C. lati/i'olls by Catts (1963) and Singh and and C. latifrolls ICatts 1963) is that t he Judd 11966). Food remnants were found in the accessory glands are s maller in relation to t he ventriculus and in testines of three male C. testes in C. tenebrusa. This may be a function tCllebrusa specimens. This must certainly be of t he age of the fly, however, as Hori 11972) material held over from larval feed ing sin ce the stated the shape of the testes of male muscoid flies had no opportunity to feed as adults. At fli es correlated closely to the age. the ventriculus-i ntestine junction, two Malpighian ducts are present. Each duct g iv es CONC LLSIO NS rise to two moniliform Malpig hian tubules The a li mentary tract of Cuterebra tenebrosa which extend among t he organs of the is basically sim ilar to other muscoid Diptera. abdomen. The rectum is simi la r in shape to that The two main differences are the reduced or of other fli es; four rectal pads are present on absent crop in males and the racemose salivary the an terior portion. Catts (19631 and Singh glands in C. tellebrosa. Judd 11966) reported similar observations fo r [n early Cuterebra li terature, these bot fli es C. latifruns. Large tracheal ai r sacs extend from we re described as being without mouth parts. one-third to one-half of the length of the Alt hough more recent work has shown the true abdomen of C. tenebrosa. Townsend 11935) nature of their mouth parts and alimentary made no mention of air sacs in his studies of svstem, no one has reported Cuterebra fli es Cu ler"hra specimens. feeding or drinking, Apparently there is no fo od requiremenl for oviposition. In rearing several R eproductive Tract hundred ('lI t('l'{dl/,(/ fli es in recent years, we have Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the in ternal maintained them from eclosion to oviposition reproductive system of femal" and male 1usua ll y fi ve daysl with nO opportunity to feed. C. ten e!Jrosa. respectively. They are similar to I n most cases t he resulting eggs have had a descriptions of other Cuterebra provided by hig h fertility, although most females [aid only Townsend ( 1935) and Catts 11963), although 50-75"0 of their complement of eggs before C. tellehrusa females have spherical sperma­ dying. t hecae in contrast to the sausage-s haped spermathecae of C. latifrolls. AC K\iOWLEDGEMENTS According to Hori ( 1972), the majority of We wish to thank Mr. Al Greene, Washing­ calypterate muscoid flies have three sperma­ ton State University for the figures. Dr. M, T. thecae, althoug h several genera within James, Washington State University and Stomoxydinae (Muscidae) have but two. In the Dr. K. J . Capell e, Brigham City, Utah reviewed lower fli es, t he number of spermathecae ranges t he manuscript.

Ilderences Baird, C. R. & C. L. Graham. 1973. Cutl'rebra tenebrosa: Description of immature stages and a redescription of t he adult (Diptera: Cuterebridae) Can. EnL. 105: 128 1-1 293. Bennett, G. F. 19 55. Studies on Cut £' r£'bra ('masc ulator Fitch 1856 IDiptera: Cuterebridae) and a discussion of the status of t he genus Ce phenl'myia Ltr. 18 18. Can. J. Zoo!. 33:75-98. Catts, E, P. 1963. The biology of Cutl'rcbra latiCrons Coquill ett (Di ptera: Cuterebridae). Ph.D. Dissertation, Uni versity of Ca li forn ia, Berkeley. 174 pp. (unpub.) Graham, C. L. & K. J. Capelle. 1970. Redescription of Cut erebra poli ta (Diptera: Cuterebridae 1 with notes on its and biology. Ann. Entomo!. Soc. Amer. 63: 1569- 1573. Haas, G. E. & R. J. Dicke. 1958. On Cull'rl'bra hurripilum Clark (Diptera: Cuterebridae) parasit i­ zing cottontail rabbits in Wisconsin . J. Parasito!' 44;527-540. Hewitt, C. G. 1914. The House Fly, Cambridge University Press, London. 195 pp. J. ENTO:VIOI.. Soc. BRIT. COI. U~ I BIA 74 11977). DE C. 31. 1977 3 1

Hori. K. 1972. The works of the late Dr. Katshushige Hori. Comparative anatomy of the internal organs of the caly pterate muscoid fli es and t he other works. Kanazawa. Japan. 306 pp. Lowne. B. T. 1890. The anatomy. morphology. and development of the blowfly (Calliphora erythrocephala) I. Porter, London. Singh. S. B. & W. W. Judd. 1966. A comparative study of the alim entary canal of adult calypterate Diptera. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Ont. 96:29-80. Townsend. C. H. T. 1935. Manual of myiology . Part I I Muscoid classifi cation and habits. Townsend Pub .. Sao Paulo, Brazil.

EURRHYPARA HORTULATA L. (URTICATA L.) ON THE PACIFIC COAST (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)

This attractive li ttle moth, which can hardly during capture. Four days later, another be confused with anything else in t he North perfect specimen, a male, was flu shed in the American fauna, is native to Europe and garden and collected. Another was observed temperate east Asia. It ranges from Ireland to in the garden on 23, 26 and 27 June but no the Amur-Ussuri region and Manchuria. It further specimens were collected in order to was established in Nova Scotia by 1907 at give the species a chance to survive and become MacNab's Island and Truro. At present it has established in Vancouver. How the moth a wide range in the Northeast, extending from arrived in Vancouvr will remain a mystery. Newfoundland to Ontario and southward. The Most likely the first specimens were introduced moth fli es mainly in July, at night, is attracted last year, deposited eggs and produced moths to light and in the daytime is easily flushed. this year. The host-plant here remains The main food-plant in Europe is nettle, unknown. There are no nettles growing in the Urtica dioica L.. and other plants such as vicinity and the nearest place known to me Marrubium vulgare L., Stachys sp., Mentha ,where nettles grow in Vancouver is near the sp.. Calystegia sepium Br. and Ribes sp. seawall in Stanley Park. There are other Probably it has other plant hosts also. Little possible plant hosts, however, cultivated in our is known about its food plants in North garden , such as Stachys recta, at least three Arnerica. different species of M el/lha. Calyslegia sepillm Until now there were no records of E. and Ribes sp. The moth may have selected one hortulata having been collected on the Pacific of those plants on which to lay eggs. coast. There are no specimens from this area in In Europe the larva rolls the leaves or spins local collections or in the Canadian National them together. The cocoon is spun in a Collection at Ottawa. sheltered place, usually under the bark, in On 18 June, 1977 a perfect female specimen autumn. Hibernation takes place as a prepupal was seen resting on the ceiling of a li ving room larva which pupates in the spring. There is one in East Vancouver. It was in such immaculate generation per year. Next June or July should condition that it was obvious that it wa s show whether the moth will establish itself in fr eshly emerged. Unfortunately, in my excite­ Vancouver or not. Unlike horticulturists and ment, the specimen was somewhat damaged the Plant Protection Division, I hope it will.

Rpfercncps Beirne, B.P. 1952. British Pyralid and Plume moths. London & New York. Forbes, W. T. M. 1923. Lepidoptera of New York and neighbouring States. Part I. Ithaca. Meyrick, E. 1968. A Revised Handbook of British Lepidoptera. Munroe, E. 1976. Pyralidae. Pyraustinae. Pyraustini. The Moths of America North of Mexico. fasc. 13.2A.

W. Lazorko