DOCSLIB.ORG

Paquette Chelsey Msc 2020.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Paquette Chelsey Msc 2020.Pdf DÉTERMINANTS INDIVIDUELS ET ENVIRONNEMENTAUX DU PARASITISME CHEZ LE TAMIA RAYÉ (TAMIAS STRIATUS) par Chelsey Paquette Mémoire présenté au Département de biologie en vue de l’obtention du grade de maître ès sciences (M.Sc) FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES UNIVERSITÉ DE SHERBROOKE Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, avril 2020 Le 15 avril 2020 le jury a accepté le mémoire de Madame Chelsey Paquette dans sa version finale Membres du jury Professeur Dany Garant Directeur de recherche Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke Professeur Patrick Bergeron Codirecteur de recherche Département de Biologie, Bishop’s University Professeure Jade Savage Codirectrice de recherche Département de Biologie, Bishop’s University Professeure Fanie Pelletier Évaluatrice interne Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke Professeur Marco Festa-Bianchet Président-rapporteur Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke SOMMAIRE Les parasites peuvent infecter presque tous les organismes vivants et ils peuvent avoir un impact important sur leurs hôtes et sur leur dynamique de population. Cependant, la sévérité de ces impacts peut varier et dépendre de l'hôte, du parasite et de leur environnement commun. Pour mieux comprendre la complexité des interactions hôte-parasite, il est essentiel d’évaluer les déterminants individuels, populationnels et environnementaux du parasitisme. La prévalence de l'infestation peut varier au fil du temps en fonction de caractéristiques populationnelles telles que la densité et la démographie, ainsi que des caractéristiques environnementales telles que les conditions météorologiques et la disponibilité de la nourriture. Cependant, au sein d'une population hôte, le nombre de parasites par individu peut aussi varier en raison de différences individuelles en physiologie, morphologie et/ou comportement. Par conséquent, il est nécessaire d'intégrer les caractéristiques de la population, des individus et de l'environnement dans les études sur les interactions hôte-parasite. Dans ce contexte et en utilisant 12 ans de données provenant d'une population sauvage de tamias rayé (Tamias striatus), j’ai étudié les déterminants du parasitisme de Cuterebra (« bot fly ») au niveau individuel et de la population. Au niveau de la population, j’ai évalué la relation entre la prévalence de l'infestation et les conditions météorologiques, les cycles de paisson (« mast ») du hêtre à grandes feuilles (Fagus grandifolia) et la taille de la population de tamia. Au niveau individuel, j’ai étudié la relation entre l'intensité de l'infestation et les caractéristiques des tamias comme le sexe, l'âge, la masse corporelle et le comportement. La prévalence de l'infestation dans la population était positivement liée à la température printanière, aux précipitations printanières et à la taille de la population de tamias, et négativement liée aux cycles de paisson des hêtres à grandes feuilles. Chez les adultes, l'influence du comportement individuel sur l'intensité de l'infestation variait selon le sexe, ce qui suggère que le comportement spécifique à un sexe peut influencer l'exposition aux parasites. Pour les juvéniles, les résultats montrent i l'importance du moment d'émergence associé à la saison de naissance sur l'exposition aux parasites et sur le nombre de parasites qu'un individu aura. Ces résultats soulignent l'importance des conditions environnementales locales sur les hôtes et les parasites et suggèrent que les caractéristiques individuelles, populationnelles et environnementales qui sont avantageuses pour l'acquisition des ressources et la reproduction peuvent aussi augmenter le niveau de parasitisme. Mots clés : Interaction hôte-parasite, Parasite, Rongeur, Variabilité environnementale, Comportement, Cuterebra bot fly, Tamia rayé ii SUMMARY Parasites can infect almost all living organisms and they may have important impacts on individual hosts, also impacting host population dynamics. However, the severity of these impacts can vary and depend on the host, the parasite and their shared environment. Therefore, to better understand the complexity of host-parasite interactions, we must first evaluate the individual, populational and environmental determinants of parasitism. Populations may vary in infestation prevalence over time due to population characteristics such as density and demography, as well as environmental characteristics such as weather and food availability. However, within a host population, individuals may also vary in the number of parasites they have due to individual differences in physiology, morphology and behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate population, individual and environmental characteristics in studies on host-parasite interactions. In this context and using 12 years of data from a wild population of eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) relying on pulsed food resources, I investigated the determinants of Cuterebra bot fly parasitism at both the population and individual level. First, I assessed the relationship between infestation prevalence and weather conditions, mast cycles of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) trees and chipmunk population size. Then, I investigated the relationship between infestation intensity and chipmunk characteristics such as sex, age, body mass and behavior. Infestation prevalence in the population was positively related to spring temperature, spring precipitation and chipmunk population size, and negatively related to mast cycles of American beech trees. For adults, the influence of individual behavior on infestation intensity varied with sex, suggesting that sex-specific behaviors may influence parasite exposure. For juveniles, the results highlight the importance of parasite exposure and emergence timing on the number of parasites an individual will have. These results emphasize the importance of local environmental conditions on both hosts and parasites, and suggest that the individual, populational and iii environmental characteristics which are advantageous for resource acquisition, reproduction and population growth may also come at the cost of increasing parasitism. Key words: Host-parasite interaction, Parasite, Rodent, Environmental variability, Behavior, Cuterebra bot fly, Eastern chipmunk iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my three research supervisors, Dany Garant, Patrick Bergeron and Jade Savage. I was extremely fortunate to have three tremendous researchers take me under their wings and guide me along my short but sweet journey as a master’s student. Thank you, Dany, for your wisdom, efficiency in everything you do, and for answering all of my questions, even those that were hypothetical. Patrick, for your ability to always provide great advice and for inspiring me as a young biologist. And Jade, for all your support and for fueling my inner entomologist; I was never the only one in the room that was overly fascinated with bot flies. I would also like to thank Denis Réale for his contribution to the Chipmunk Project and his comments on my manuscript, and Marco Festa-Bianchet and Fanie Pelletier, for their feedback on my project and thesis. This project would not have happened without the numerous graduate students and field assistants who have collected data for the Chipmunk Project since its initiation in 2004. After having spent 13 months in the scenic forests of Mansonville, I would like to give a special thank you to Elouana, for teaching me everything there is to know about the field (and chipmunks) and Katherine, for being by my side throughout it all. Thank you also to Edward (L094) for being nothing like the Revenant (J088). To my lab mates, thank you for your support, feedback and wide ranging/interesting conversations. More specifically, thank you Philippine and Caro for being incredible mentors. I would like to thank all of my family and friends for providing me with endless support and encouragement throughout all of my studies, especially mom, Lyssa and Allen. Finally, to my father, thank you for always letting a ray of sunshine peak through the forest canopy when things were not going as planned. This project was supported financially by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Fonds de Recherche du Québec – Nature et Technologies. I would also like to thank the Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science for providing me with financial support to attend an international conference. v TABLE OF CONTENTS SOMMAIRE ............................................................................................................................ i SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. xii CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1 1.1 Determinants of parasitism in wild vertebrate populations ............................................... 2 1.1.1 Population characteristics ........................................................................................... 3 1.1.2 Individual characteristics ...........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diptera: Calyptratae)
    Systematic Entomology (2020), DOI: 10.1111/syen.12443 Protein-encoding ultraconserved elements provide a new phylogenomic perspective of Oestroidea flies (Diptera: Calyptratae) ELIANA BUENAVENTURA1,2 , MICHAEL W. LLOYD2,3,JUAN MANUEL PERILLALÓPEZ4, VANESSA L. GONZÁLEZ2, ARIANNA THOMAS-CABIANCA5 andTORSTEN DIKOW2 1Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany, 2National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, U.S.A., 3The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, U.S.A., 4Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, U.S.A. and 5Department of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain Abstract. The diverse superfamily Oestroidea with more than 15 000 known species includes among others blow flies, flesh flies, bot flies and the diverse tachinid flies. Oestroidea exhibit strikingly divergent morphological and ecological traits, but even with a variety of data sources and inferences there is no consensus on the relationships among major Oestroidea lineages. Phylogenomic inferences derived from targeted enrichment of ultraconserved elements or UCEs have emerged as a promising method for resolving difficult phylogenetic problems at varying timescales. To reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among families of Oestroidea, we obtained UCE loci exclusively derived from the transcribed portion of the genome, making them suitable for larger and more integrative phylogenomic studies using other genomic and transcriptomic resources. We analysed datasets containing 37–2077 UCE loci from 98 representatives of all oestroid families (except Ulurumyiidae and Mystacinobiidae) and seven calyptrate outgroups, with a total concatenated aligned length between 10 and 550 Mb. About 35% of the sampled taxa consisted of museum specimens (2–92 years old), of which 85% resulted in successful UCE enrichment.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary History of Stomach Bot Flies in the Light of Mitogenomics
    Evolutionary history of stomach bot flies in the light of mitogenomics Yan, Liping; Pape, Thomas; Elgar, Mark A.; Gao, Yunyun; Zhang, Dong Published in: Systematic Entomology DOI: 10.1111/syen.12356 Publication date: 2019 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Yan, L., Pape, T., Elgar, M. A., Gao, Y., & Zhang, D. (2019). Evolutionary history of stomach bot flies in the light of mitogenomics. Systematic Entomology, 44(4), 797-809. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12356 Download date: 28. Sep. 2021 Systematic Entomology (2019), 44, 797–809 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12356 Evolutionary history of stomach bot flies in the light of mitogenomics LIPING YAN1, THOMAS PAPE2 , MARK A. ELGAR3, YUNYUN GAO1 andDONG ZHANG1 1School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China, 2Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark and 3School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Abstract. Stomach bot flies (Calyptratae: Oestridae, Gasterophilinae) are obligate endoparasitoids of Proboscidea (i.e. elephants), Rhinocerotidae (i.e. rhinos) and Equidae (i.e. horses and zebras, etc.), with their larvae developing in the digestive tract of hosts with very strong host specificity. They represent an extremely unusual diver- sity among dipteran, or even insect parasites in general, and therefore provide sig- nificant insights into the evolution of parasitism. The phylogeny of stomach botflies was reconstructed
    [Show full text]
  • Bot Fly (Cuterebrid) Prevalence and Intensity in Southern Illinois Peromyscus Species and a Comparison to the Literature
    Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science received 7/30/14 (2015) Volume 108, pp. 1-3 accepted 1/26/15 Bot Fly (Cuterebrid) Prevalence and Intensity in Southern Illinois Peromyscus Species and a Comparison to the Literature Stephanie J Hayes, Eric J Holzmueller1, and Clayton K Nielsen Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901 1corresponding author (email: [email protected]) ABSTRACT Cuterebrid are parasitic organisms on small mammals in North America. While infections are believed to be common, little has been published regarding the population dynamics of these insects. This study was conducted on the impact of a cuterbrid species on Peromy- scus spp. in upland hardwood forests in southern Illinois. Data were recorded and compiled to determine the species of cuterebrid pres- ent, the prevalence and intensity of infection, and possible causes for such a high infection rate. Infected individuals were trapped during late summer for three weeks. The species of cuterebrid was determined to be Cuterebra fontinella due to the seasonality of infection (late summer), location of infection (inguinal or genital region) within the host, and the species of host (Peromyscus spp.). Intensity was within the range of historical averages; however, prevalence was greater in this study than in previous similar studies. Though the exact cause is unknown, it is possible that an abnormally wet summer caused an increase in egg survivability before the peak infection season, leading to an increase in infection rates later in the year. Key words: central hardwood region, Cuterebra fontinella, Peromyscus, parasitic organism INTRODUCTION of Nature Environmental Center (UTM: for the presence of cuterebrid larvae and Bot flies are a group of parasitic insects 16S 308552, 4167338) in Jackson County the intensity of infection within the host.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of the Bot Fly Cuterebra Emasculator (Diptera: Cuterebridae) in South Carolina1
    Distribution of the Bot Fly Cuterebra emasculator (Diptera: Cuterebridae) in South Carolina1 Frank Slansky and Bill Hilton Jr.2 Department of Entomology & Nematology, Bldg. 970 Natural Area Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 J. Agric. Urban Entomol. 20(2): 83–91 (April 2003) ABSTRACT Larvae of the bot fly Cuterebra emasculator Fitch infest tree squirrels and chipmunks from the Atlantic Ocean to just west of the Missis- sippi River and from southern Canada to the Gulf Coast of the United States. Whether the species is present in all states and provinces in this region is not well documented. Because there are few published records of C. emasculator in South Carolina, we gathered data on its occurrence in each county by obtaining reports of bot fly-infested squirrels from wildlife rehabilitators, veterinarians, wildlife biologists, county extension agents, hunters, and other wildlife- oriented people. The results indicate that C. emasculator infests squirrels, especially the eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin), throughout the state. In South Carolina there apparently are no bot fly-free refugia (at the scale of counties) where squirrels might escape from Cuterebra parasites. KEY WORDS bot fly, Cuterebra emasculator, Cuterebridae, Diptera, dis- tribution, parasite/host association, rodent, Sciurus, squirrel There is strong ecological interest in determining whether populations of po- tential host species avoid parasites by colonizing areas lacking these natural enemies (Grenfell & Gulland 1995, Clayton & Moore 1997, Hassell 2000, Poulin et al. 2000). Such “allopatric escape” might occur especially when the interacting organisms show considerable taxonomic divergence, such as mammalian hosts and their arthropod parasites, particularly those that live independent of a host during part of their life cycle (Arlian & Vyszenski-Moher 1987, Marshall 1987).
    [Show full text]
  • Risk Analysis of the Fox Squirrel Sciurus Niger
    ELGIUM B NATIVE ORGANISMS IN ORGANISMS NATIVE - OF NON OF Risk analysis of the fox squirrel Sciurus niger Updated version, May 2015 ISK ANALYSIS REPORT REPORT ANALYSIS ISK R Risk analysis report of non-native organisms in Belgium Risk analysis of the fox squirrel Sciurus niger Evelyne Baiwy(1), Vinciane Schockert(1) & Etienne Branquart(2) (1) Unité de Recherches zoogéographiques, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège (2) Cellule interdépartementale sur les Espèces invasives, Service Public de Wallonie Adopted in date of: 11th March 2013, updated in May 2015 Reviewed by : Sandro Bertolino (University of Turin) & Céline Prévot (DEMNA) Produced by: Unité de Recherches zoogéographiques, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège Commissioned by: Service Public de Wallonie Contact person: [email protected] & [email protected] This report should be cited as: “Baiwy, E.,Schockert, V. & Branquart, E. (2015) Risk analysis of the Fox squirrel, Sciurus niger, Risk analysis report of non-native organisms in Belgium. Cellule interdépartementale sur les Espèces invasives (CiEi), DGO3, SPW / Editions, updated version, 34 pages”. Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................ 1 Rationale and scope of the Belgian risk analysis scheme ..................................................................... 2 Executive summary ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Parasitism of Cuterebra (Diptera: Oestridae) on Rodents of Islands of the Gulf of California, Mexico
    Vol. 8(9), pp. 92-98, September 2016 DOI: 10.5897/JPVB2016.0243 Article Number: 2965AE060076 Journal of Parasitology and ISSN 2141-2510 Copyright © 2016 Vector Biology Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/JPVB Full Length Research Paper Parasitism of Cuterebra (Diptera: Oestridae) on rodents of islands of the Gulf of California, Mexico Arnaud, G.1*, Rodríguez-Moreno, A.2, Cordero-Tapia, A.1 and Sandoval, S.¹ 1Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México 23096. 2Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Received 29 March, 2016; Accepted 26 July, 2016 The genus, Cuterebra is an obligate dermal parasite of New World mammals that can cause problems with rodent reproduction. 2812 rodents of nine species from nine Gulf of California Islands were sampled for the presence of Cuterebra sp. Only two species of rodents were parasitized by Cuterebra sp. on two islands (Montserrat and Danzante): the canyon mouse, Peromyscus caniceps (n = 261) with a prevalence of 17.97% and the white-footed woodrat, Neotoma bryanti (n = 4) with a prevalence of 7.5%. The presence of a single parasite per individual was common (ẍ = 78.5%). Since P. caniceps is listed by the Mexican government as a conservation at risk species, the parasitism of Cuterebra sp. represents a potential risk to the viability of this endemic rodent population. This is the first record of Cuterebra sp. as parasite of rodents in the Gulf of California Islands, and P.
    [Show full text]
  • The Outside Story You’Ll Often Find Yourself in Botfly Larvae Season
    The catch with squirrel hunting in September is that The Outside Story you’ll often find yourself in botfly larvae season. These fat white grubs live in boils that protrude from a squirrel’s skin. (The technical name for the boil is a warble – isn’t it interesting how that one word can sound lovely when applied to a bird’s song and disgusting when applied to a pustule?) There are some 30 botfly species in the U.S. and each has a preferred host. The tree squirrel botfly is called Cuterebra emasculator – the story behind that name is that the entomologist who coined it suspected the larvae ate testes. They don’t, but the name stuck. Squirrel botflies have a year-long, four-stage lifecycle. The adults, which are relatively large flies that look sort of like small bumble bees, emerge in late spring or early summer and mate. Females lay their tiny eggs on twigs or leaves and larvae develop within the eggs. (Note that this is different than a lot of parasitic flies that lay eggs directly on a host, like the horse stomach botflies that horse owners might be familiar with.) When a squirrel comes by, the larvae detect the animal’s body heat or CO2 from within the egg, then emerge from a door in the egg shell and try to latch on. If they’re successful, they’ll look for an orifice or wound through which to enter the host’s body, at which point they’ll take up residence beneath the hide. They consume lymph fluid (not blood) and grow, Don’t Let the Botflies molting twice.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Behavior and Seasonal Activity of the Rodent Bot Fly, Cuterebra Tenebrosa, in Central Washington (Diptera: Cuterebridae)
    Great Basin Naturalist Volume 34 Number 4 Article 1 12-31-1974 Field behavior and seasonal activity of the rodent bot fly, Cuterebra tenebrosa, in central Washington (Diptera: Cuterebridae) Craig R. Baird Washington State University, Pullman, Washington Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Baird, Craig R. (1974) "Field behavior and seasonal activity of the rodent bot fly, Cuterebra tenebrosa, in central Washington (Diptera: Cuterebridae)," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 34 : No. 4 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol34/iss4/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ' The Great Basin Naturalist Published at Provo, Utah, by Brigham Young University Volume 34 December 31, 1974 No. 4 FIELD BEHAVIOR AND SEASONAL ACTIVITY OF THE RODENT EOT FLY, CUTEREBRA TENEBROSA, IN CENTRAL WASHINGTON (DIPTERA: CUTEREBRIDAE) Craig R. Baircl- Abstract. — Behavior and activity of the rodent hot fly, Cuterebra tenebrosa Coquillett, was studied at a natural aggregation site in central Washington. Daily flight activity extended from 1700 hr to 2030 hr (PDT) beginning in mid-July of 1970 and 1971. The peak of flight activity, in August, was followed by a decline in activity through September. Male flies aggregated on the vertical faces of basalt cliffs, where they awaited females. Daily activity reached a peak at temperatures of 30-35 C.
    [Show full text]
  • North American Cuterebrid Myiasis Report of Seventeen New Infections of Human Beings and Review of the Disease J
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Public Health Resources Public Health Resources 1989 North American cuterebrid myiasis Report of seventeen new infections of human beings and review of the disease J. Kevin Baird ALERTAsia Foundation, [email protected] Craig R. Baird University of Idaho Curtis W. Sabrosky Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/publichealthresources Baird, J. Kevin; Baird, Craig R.; and Sabrosky, Curtis W., "North American cuterebrid myiasis Report of seventeen new infections of human beings and review of the disease" (1989). Public Health Resources. 413. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/publichealthresources/413 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Public Health Resources at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Public Health Resources by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Baird, Baird & Sabrosky in Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (October 1989) 21(4) Part I Clinical review North American cuterebrid myiasis Report ofseventeen new infections ofhuman beings and review afthe disease J. Kevin Baird, LT, MSC, USN,a Craig R. Baird, PhD,b and Curtis W. Sabrosky, ScDc Washington, D.C., and Parma, Idaho Human infection with botfly larvae (Cuterebra species) are reported, and 54 cases are reviewed. Biologic, epidemiologic, clinical, histopathologic, and diagnostic features of North American cuterebrid myiasis are described. A cuterebrid maggot generally causes a single furuncular nodule. Most cases occur in children in the northeastern United States or thePa• cific Northwest; however, exceptions are common.
    [Show full text]
  • Tree Squirrel Bot Fly, Cuterebra Emasculator Fitch (Insecta: Diptera: Oestridae)1 Jordan Taheri, Phillip Kaufman, and Frank Slansky2
    EENY 401 Tree Squirrel Bot Fly, Cuterebra emasculator Fitch (Insecta: Diptera: Oestridae)1 Jordan Taheri, Phillip Kaufman, and Frank Slansky2 Introduction based on the erroneous belief that the larvae consumed the testes of male hosts. The tree squirrel bot fly, Cuterebra emasculator Fitch, is an obligate parasite of tree squirrels and chipmunks throughout most of eastern North America. The adult and other life stages are seldom seen; instead, what is usually observed from July through September or October is the outcome of infestation, namely the relatively large, fluid- draining swellings (“warbles”) in a host’s hide caused by the subcutaneous larvae. Bot fly infestation may be mistaken for another lump- causing affliction of tree squirrels, namely a viral disease called “squirrel pox” or “fibromatosis”. The latter generally is distinguishable from bot fly infestation based on the presence of a higher number of smaller lesions (especially around the eyes), swollen digits of the infested animal, and the lack of a distinct, fluid-draining opening in each lesion. The tree squirrel bot fly is one of some 30 species of Cuterebra native to the Americas, five o f which are found in Florida.Cuterebra larvae parasitize either native rodents (mice, rats, tree squirrels, etc.) or lagomorphs (rabbits and Figure 1. Eastern gray squirrel with a warble of a 3-week-old, tree hares); those species utilizing the former as hosts do not squirrel bot fly, Cuterebra emasculator Fitch, on its side. naturally infest the latter, and vice versa. This species was Credits: Frank Slansky and Lou Rea Kenyon. named Cuterebra emasculator some 150 years ago by one of the most prominent entomolgists of that period, Asa Fitch, 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Bot Fly (Cuterebra Sp.) Parasitism of White-Footed Mice (Peromyscus Leucopus) in Southern Illinois
    Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science received 7/2/02 (2003), Volume 96, #2, pp. 99-105 accepted 3/15/03 Bot fly (Cuterebra sp.) Parasitism of White-footed Mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in Southern Illinois Valerie A. Barko Missouri Department of Conservation, Open River Field Station 3815 East Jackson Blvd., Jackson, MO 63755 ABSTRACT Bot fly (Cuterebra sp.) data were collected from white-footed mice (Peromyscus leuco- pus) trapped in bottomland forests of southern Illinois in 1998 and 1999. Of 1297 white- footed mice examined, 125 individuals (9.6 %) were parasitized by 1 or more bot fly lar- vae. Parasitism occurred exclusively in the scrotal region, with most individuals (93.6 %) containing one larvae. The rate of parasitism in adult mice 1998 (11.6 %) was signifi- cantly higher than the rate of parasitism over the same months in 1999 (5.6 %; X2 = 3.85 d.f. = 1, P = 0.05). Parasitism rates were higher in adult males than females in 1998 (X2 = 4.7, d.f. = 1, P = 0.031) and no difference was detected in 1999 (X2 = 0.45, d.f. = 1, P = 0.502). This is the first study to document parasitism rates in bottomland forests of south- ern Illinois. INTRODUCTION White-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), lagomorphs, and other rodent species are natural hosts for bot fly larvae (Cuterebra spp.; Timm and Cook, 1979; Sabrosky, 1986). The genus Cuterebra is only found in the New World and consists of 72 species (Catts, 1982). Incidents of this genus infecting dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, deer, and humans have been reported, however, they are rare (Sabrosky, 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • Parazito Loji
    Original Investigation Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2020;44(1):43-7 43 Özgün Araştırma DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2020.6852 Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analyses of Oestrus ovis Larvae Causing Human Naso-pharyngeal Myiasis Based on CO1 Barcode Sequences İnsan Naso-pharyngeal Myiasis’ine Neden Olan Oestrus ovis Larvalarının CO1 Barkod Sekanslarına Göre Moleküler Karakterizasyonu ve Filogenetik Analizi Gupse Kübra Karademir, Sadullah Usluğ, Mübeccel Okur, Abdullah İnci, Alparslan Yıldırım Erciyes University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Parasitology Department, Kayseri, Turkey Cite this article as: Karademir GK, Usluğ S, Okur M, İnci A, Yıldırım A. Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analyses of Oestrus ovis Larvae Causing Human Naso-pharyngeal Myiasis Based on CO1 Barcode Sequences. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2020;44(1):43-7. ABSTRACT Objective: The identification and molecular characterization of the bot fly larvae from an infected human with naso-pharyngeal myiasis in Turkey were aimed in this study. Methods: A total of 8 bot fly larvae from a 49-year-old woman with naso-pharyngeal infection in Adana province constituted the materials of this study. Morphological identification was performed on the larvae according to described keys. The barcode region of the CO1 gene from the genomic DNA extracts of the larvae was amplified and sequence analyses were utilized. Haplotype and genetic distance analyses were performed in CO1 sequences and a phylogenetic tree was built revealing phylogenetic relationships. Results: All bot fly larvae were identified as second stage larvae of Oestrus ovis in terms of morphologic characteristics. There was no polymorphism among the CO1 sequences of all isolates leading to detection of a single novel haplotype.
    [Show full text]