College & Association of Acupuncturists of Alberta

Minimum Standards for Professional Acupuncture Education

Standards, Requirements and Guidelines for Acupuncture Programs in Alberta

Date Approved: XXX

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ...... 4

1. Background ...... 4

2. Scope and Limitations ...... 4

I. STANDARDS RELATED TO AN ORGANIZATION THAT OFFERS AN ACUPUNCTURE PROGRAM ...... 6

1. Intention and Statement of Purpose ...... 6

2. Legal Organization and Program Management ...... 6

3. Resources and Accounting Administered by the Director of the Private Vocational Training Act ...... 7

4. Publications and Advertising ...... 7

II. STANDARDS RELATED TO ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS ...... 9

III. STANDARDS RELATED TO PROGRAM OF STUDY ...... 10

1. Program length ...... 10

2. Core curriculum ...... 11

3. Syllabi ...... 14

4. Clinical observation and supervised clinical practice ...... 14

5. Off-campus clinical training ...... 17

6. Faculty and clinical supervisors ...... 17

7. Evaluation of student progress and achievement ...... 18

IV. STANDARDS RELATED TO PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION ...... 19

1. Chief administrator ...... 19

2. Records ...... 19

3. Faculty and course evaluation ...... 20

4. Student services and activities ...... 20

5. Student grievances ...... 20

Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 2

6. Transfer of credit ...... 21

7. Communication ...... 21

V. STANDARDS RELATED TO PHYSICAL SPACE, FACILITIES, EQUIPMENT AND OTHER LEARNING RESOURCES ...... 21

1. Physical space, facilities and equipment ...... 21

2. Teaching clinic ...... 22

3. Library and other learning resources ...... 22

VI. CONCLUSION ...... 23

Appendices ...... 26

Appendix 1: Standards of Competency and Practice, Alberta Health and Wellness, April 2005 ...... 26

Appendix 2: Entry-Level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Canada (May 2010) ...... 27

Appendix 3: National and International Acupuncture Education: Program Duration (basic comparison) ...... 38

Appendix 4: Program duration of other health professions in Alberta ...... 39

Appendix 5 – Common Diseases ...... 41

Appendix 6 – Common Drugs ...... 43

Appendix 7 – TCM Herbs list ...... 45

Appendix 8 –TCM Herbal Formula list – 172 Total ...... 54

Appendix 9 – Recommended References for Alberta Acupuncture Registration Exam ...... 62

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INTRODUCTION

1. Background

The profession of acupuncturists has been regulated in Alberta since 1988 under the Health Disciplines Act and the Acupuncture Regulation. It used to be governed by the Acupuncture Committee under the Health Disciplines Board. The College and Association of Acupuncturists of Alberta (the CAAA) was appointed by the Minister of Health to regulate the profession of acupuncturists effective January 1, 2011.

The mandate of the CAAA is to regulate the profession in the public interest by setting high standards of practice, competency, education and ethical conduct. Education is the foundation of any health profession. Public access to safe, competent and ethical treatments depends, to a great extent, on the quality of education that acupuncturists have received.

The primary purpose of this is to establish minimum standards in the essential areas of acupuncture education so that acupuncture educational programs can successfully deliver the competencies required in the Standards of Competency and Practice (appendix 1), as well as the Entry-Level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Canada (appendix 2).

Many experts have been involved in developing the Minimum Standards for Acupuncture Education. Their contribution to the profession is sincerely appreciated.

2. Scope and Limitations

Standards adopted by current approved acupuncture programs in Alberta and those of reputable programs in other jurisdictions were referenced in developing Minimum Standards for Professional Acupuncture Education. The proposed minimum standards address five major areas: a. standards related to an organization that offers an acupuncture program; b. standards related to admission requirements; c. standards related to the program of study; d. standards related to program administration; and e. standards related to physical space, facilities and equipment and other learning resources.

The Alberta Standards of Competency and Practice in Alberta require “Acupuncturists have knowledge of…basic Chinese herbology to determine how herbs complement health and disease and interact with acupuncture treatment.” (2005)

To facilitate future national consistency and labour mobility CAAA recommends all programs use the standards outlined in the Pan Canadian Exam (or equivalent) Blueprint

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and Performance Indicators for Entry Level Competencies documents (2015). These documents include as appendices the defined minimum standards for TCM herbology examination in other Canadian jurisdictions. By ensuring their programs cover at minimum this material, it helps the student make an informed choice and facilitates movement of students between programs and ultimately benefits a student by potentially allowing them to qualify to write these examinations if they which they may wish.

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I. STANDARDS RELATED TO AN ORGANIZATION THAT OFFERS AN ACUPUNCTURE PROGRAM

Educational institutions must meet the following criteria to ensure students receive quality education in a safe and optimal learning environment.

1. Intention and Statement of Purpose

a. The educational institution must have a clear statement of purpose, mission statement, or set of program objectives that indicate the intention to effectively train their students to become highly educated, knowledgeable, skillful and ethical professionals. b. The program must reflect the philosophy and core values of the profession as defined by the College and Association of Acupuncturists of Alberta. c. These notions should appear in the mission statement of the program and should be reflected throughout its entire organization, administration and operation. d. The educational institution must have a system in place to regularly assess that the objectives mentioned in the mission statement or statements of purpose are satisfactorily met.

2. Legal Organization and Program Management

a. The educational institution must be legally organized and authorized to conduct its operation in Alberta. In the case of private educational institutions in Alberta, they need licensing under the Private Vocational Training Act. Public educational institutions like universities, require accreditation through the Ministry of Advanced Education of Alberta. b. The acupuncture program must be managed by competent directors, a chief executive officer, a program chair and/or president who are ultimately responsible for the delivery of the acupuncture program. A governance structure must be in place to ensure effective control over the program’s affairs with a clear description of the responsibilities of all administrators involved. c. The acupuncture program must seek advice and guidance from stakeholders in the profession. This can be achieved through the establishment of an advisory committee or a process of consultation with stakeholders with an advisory capacity. d. Administrative staff must ensure accurate records management, systematic and secure filing and maintenance of: student records, patient records at the teaching clinic, minutes of student meetings, faculty meetings, advisory committee meetings and management meetings. They also

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administer program policies, student and faculty evaluations and other administrative documents. e. The administrative staff should also be able to provide and organize teaching schedules, academic year calendars and all other publications related to the acupuncture program.

3. Resources and Accounting Administered by the Director of the Private Vocational Training Act

a. The educational institution must have adequate financial, human, educational and clinical resources to support the acupuncture program. b. The program must have sufficient funding to guarantee that students will be able to complete the entire program and resources will remain in place for all staff, faculty and students. c. Evidence of adequate financial resources can be presented through a detailed business plan and regular, audited financial statements.

4. Publications and Advertising

Publications, advertisement and recruitment activities and materials not only affect students’ decisions to enrol in an acupuncture program but also provide the public with an accurate notion of the scope and status of the profession of acupuncturists among other health professions. a) All publications, including those used for advertising and recruitment purposes must be professional, truthful and accurate. b) The educational institute must provide to the public, at least the following information: o mission statement o statement of purpose or educational objectives o clear and detailed admission requirements o curriculum o academic year calendar and course schedule with key dates for applications, withdrawals o fees, tuition and other costs for enrolment in the program o a list of administrators and faculty of the program o conduct and attendance policies such as in the Student Handbook o a non-discrimination policy o and, the approval status c) All information in publications and advertising must be clear and accurate and must not be deceptive, unfair or misleading. d) The institution must not give an exaggerated impression of their services, curriculum or opportunities for its graduates.

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e) Acupuncture programs should not make invalid or unverifiable claims of being superior to competing institutions. f) Acupuncture programs must keep versioned editions of all documents and the dates they were effective.

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II. STANDARDS RELATED TO ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS

Acupuncture is a medical system based on the holistic principles of traditional Chinese medicine. It has its own theoretical foundation, diagnosis, treatment principles and treatment methods, standards of competency and standards of practice. Acupuncture education is academically challenging and requires sufficient hands-on clinical practicum. For students, it is a huge commitment in terms of finance and time to enroll in an acupuncture program.

The primary purpose of admission requirements is to ensure prospective students possess potential aptitude, interest and study skills required to complete the acupuncture training program successfully. Admission standards should reflect that only those applicants who can achieve the educational objectives of the program be accepted into the program.

Completion of an approved acupuncture program does not guarantee successful challenge of a registration examination or registration with CAAA or other acupuncture/TCM regulatory body.

The prerequisite for admission to acupuncture program should be at minimum: a) Successful completion of at least two (2) academic years of post- secondary education at the baccalaureate level from an institution recognized by the CAAA Council; or b) Successful completion of at least one (1) academic year of post-secondary education in health science at the baccalaureate level from an institution recognized by the CAAA Council; or c) High school graduates with a minimum overall average of 75 percent, with no course grade lower than 70 percent in English Language Art 30 and 80 percent in one of the three basic science courses: Biology 30, Chemistry 30 or Science 30.

Additional admission requirements: d) English Language Proficiency. Not withstanding a, b or c above, for those applicants whose first language is not English, they must prove their language proficiency through one of the following tests: o Paper-based TOEFL (PBT) score of 550 out of a range of 310 - 677; or o Internet-based TOEFL (IBT) score of 80 out of a range 0 – 120; or o IELTS (Academic) no score below benchmark 5 in any section. e) If a translation service is used, all original documents (or certified copy thereof) must accompany the translation.

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f) A clear Criminal Record check within the previous 12 months and Vulnerable Sector Information Check, including no open youth record, issued within three months of the start of the program intake. g) The educational institution may assess and accept credits from students who transfer from another approved acupuncture program. However, at least one (1) academic year must be completed in the program that grants the certificate, diploma or degree. A maximum of 50 percent of courses may be transferred from any other institution(s).

III. STANDARDS RELATED TO PROGRAM OF STUDY

The professional program in acupuncture is responsible to design its own curriculum and for successful delivery of its curriculum. The structure and content of the curriculum must ensure that competencies required in the Standards of Competency and Practice, and the Entry-level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Canada are adequately covered. The delivery of its curriculum shall lead competent students to achieve the professional competencies of an independent acupuncture practitioner.

This document defines the requirements that programs must contain to adequately prepare students to challenge the entry level exams. As exams evolve over time so to will the minimum standards required to enter the practice. Students must realize that how the basic curriculum is delivered varies between institutions and they must choose the program and delivery that suits their specific needs. Standards related to program of study will focus on such areas as program duration, core curriculum, clinical practice, faculty qualifications, and off-campus training.

1. Program length

The minimum length of the professional acupuncture curriculum must be at least three (3) full academic years, which is approximately 27 calendar months, 90 instructional weeks, six (6) semesters or nine (9) trimesters. The total number of hours must not be less than 2,800 hours which consists of direct, interactive instruction and clinical component of at least 500 hours. The maximum time frame to complete an acupuncture program shall be not more than six (6) calendar years.

The Council of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine Association (U.S)1 has established that minimum standards of training for full Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine programs should be 3,200 hours following 500 hours of college level

1 Standards for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. Council of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine Association (CAOMA) http://sonic.net/~brianf/caoma/aom_standards.htm Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 10

training in basic science.2 Typical training programs for acupuncturists and doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine (D.TCM) are three (3) or four (4) years in duration, comprising of 2,500 to 3,500 hours of structured time with direct, interactive contact between students and faculty or supervisors.

Appendix 3 shows the duration of acupuncture education in other jurisdictions around the world.

Appendix 4 shows the duration of educational programs of other health professions in Alberta.

2. Core curriculum

Generally, the structure and content of the curriculum must lead students to achieve the professional competencies of an independent acupuncturist as listed in the Standards of Competency and Practice, and the Entry-level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Canada.

Areas to be covered in the curriculum include the following:

a. Biomedical Clinical Sciences

An acupuncture program curriculum must include courses that teach students the following concepts of biomedical clinical sciences:  Terms and concepts of biomedicine  Human anatomy, surface anatomy, physiology and pathology  Basic biochemistry and cellular metabolism  Control systems of the body involved in homeostasis and dysfunction and immunity  Basic interpretation of laboratory and diagnostic tests and procedures and how they relate to the common diseases listed in Appendix 5  Identification of conditions that require urgent medical treatment and immediate referral for medical and paramedical services  Infectious diseases and infection control procedures  Dysfunction and classification of common diseases in Appendix 5  Relate Biomedical to TCM concepts  Basic biomedical pharmacology in Appendix 6

Based on the assumption that students have sufficient credits and adequate training in basic sciences including general Biology and Chemistry where the total amount

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of instructional hours for biomedical clinical sciences shall be at least 300 hours, not including the time for First Aid and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation training.

b. Acupuncture and TCM specific courses

Curriculum areas related to acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) include:  History and development of acupuncture and TCM in China, North America and worldwide  Basic foundational concepts of TCM and acupuncture o Yin/Yang o Five elements (phases) o Body substances : qi, blood, body fluids, essence, spirit o Constitution o Etiology o Pathogenesis o Prevention o Health Preservation o Principles of treatment o Zang – Fu (organ theories) o Channels and collaterals  TCM diagnostic procedures, defining treatment objectives and planning  Acupuncture points o Points of the 14 channels o Extra Points o Five transporting points o Source points o Connecting Points o Clefts points o Front-Mu Points o Back-Shu Points o Lower sea points o Eight confluents points o 8 meeting (influential) points o Mother/child points o Channel crossing points o Ah shi points o Ear and Scalp acupuncture  Treatment techniques o Needle insertion: depth, duration, manipulation and withdrawal o Tonification and sedation of Qi o Moxibustion: application, direct & indirect, o Cupping techniques o Electro-Acupuncture techniques o Basic Tui’na techniques (acupressure)

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o Special acupuncture techniques including seven-star (plum-blossom) needling, bleeding, scalp acupuncture, auricular acupuncture and wrist- ankle acupuncture o Gua-sha o Qi Gong, Tai Chi o Lifestyle modifications o Diet therapy in TCM  Basic Chinese Herbology - Appendix #7 TCM Herbs List and & Appendix #8 Formula List from PCE  Application of acupuncture treatment to a broad range of internal and external diseases and disorders  Appropriate management of adverse reactions to acupuncture treatments  Safe handling and maintenance of acupuncture related tools and materials

c. Interpersonal skills

 Communication skills written, verbal, non-verbal and listening  Assess capacity to comprehend and consent to treatment  Explaining concepts in plain language, TCM and biomedical terminology  Effectively respond to interpersonal conflict  Develop and manage productive and effective interpersonal relationships  Develop and manage productive and effective professional relationships  Demonstrate compassion, respect and empathy towards patients  Maintain practitioner / patient boundaries  Managing reactions that may arise during the course of treatment and the ability to make appropriate referrals

d. Ethics and Practice Management

 Practice in a manner that accords patient dignity and observes patients’ rights  Understand relevant legislation governing the practice of acupuncture in Alberta and Canada  Confidentiality: Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy (FOIPP), (Personal Information Protections Act (PIPA), Health Information Act (HIA)  Informed Consent  Practice with Integrity: understanding the scope of practice, recognizing and practicing within limits of competency  Patient Record: generation and maintenance of patient record  Patient referral to other health professionals  Professional conduct and appropriate interpersonal behaviour:  Professional liability  Building and managing an ethical and legal practice including: contracts, advertising, payment, billing and third party reimbursement  Develop and maintain operational and management procedures  Professional development and practitioner self care

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Please note: The curriculum must be delivered in a structured format with interactive, direct contact between students and faculty or supervisors. Distance- learning programs are not acceptable for the purpose of registration as an acupuncturist in Alberta.

3. Syllabi

A syllabus is an academic document that communicates course information and defines expectations and responsibilities. It must be prepared for each course or major unit of instruction. The syllabus must be made available to faculty members, distributed to each student in the course, and be maintained in the program’s curriculum files.

A syllabus must contain at least the following:  the purpose of the course  the objective of the course in specific terms and outcomes or acquired skills  the prerequisites of the course  an outline of the content of the course or detailed laboratory instruction  the methods of instruction  the types of grading system  the requirements of the course and their weightings (e.g., paper, projects exams)  relevant dates including exams, assignments and Drop Date  required and recommended reading

4. Clinical observation and supervised clinical practice

A professional program in acupuncture must provide a clinical education component of sufficient volume, variety, and quality to fulfill its educational purposes. Clinical education consists of clinical observation and supervised clinical practice which leads the student through gradually increasing levels of responsibility for patient care resulting in the ability to function independently by graduation. The clinical education component of an approved acupuncture program must provide a minimum of 500 hours of clinical observation and supervised clinical practice. Throughout the clinical education component, students also have the opportunity to learn basic clinic management, patient record keeping and other related professional competencies.

a. Clinical observation

Clinical observation provides the opportunity for students to observe acupuncturists/supervisors or senior student interns performing acupuncture

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and/or other treatment techniques in a clinical setting. Minimum of 70% of observation hours must be obtained following a Clinic Supervisor and the remainder can be following a senior student Intern.

Safety and clean needle techniques shall be taught prior to clinical observation and periodically reinforced throughout the acupuncture program. Although observers are not needling patients, they are in the direct vicinity of patients and needles, and should be well informed and trained in the necessary procedures for needle stick, adverse reactions and exposure to bodily fluids.

The Program must provide a clinical orientation at the start of Observation hours and again prior to Internship hours in student clinic procedures as well as the customary practices of the program. This clinical orientation should define expectations of roles and behaviours for all participants in the student clinic. They must further provide an orientation to any transfer student prior to starting clinical observation or internship or if there are changes to the program or physical space. The clinical orientations should also be documented, reviewed and updated as policies or procedures change.

b. Supervised clinical practice

Students need to acquire experience in direct treatment of patients and all aspects of the treatments including patient interviews, diagnosis, treatment planning, providing treatments and patient follow-up. Clinical Practicum programs must provide patients for students to practice and further develop skills learned in the didactic portion of training.

Effective clinical supervision of students is critical to a successful internship. Students should have maximal supervision while treating patients. This allows the supervisor to provide accurate and immediate feedback to the student, as well as assess the students’ skills and competency moving forward through the program. The ratio of a clinical supervisor to supervised students shall not be more than 1:5 at any time.

Particularly, each supervisor must:  approve the treatment plan before treatment is provided as evidenced by the supervisor’s signature;  be physically present with the student while the student is performing the restricted activity; for the first 50 treatments a student intern performs;  be available for consultation and to assist the student in performing the restricted activity as required, after the first 50 treatments; and  be able to observe, promptly intervene and stop or change the actions of the student being supervised without unduly interrupting the care of the person on whom the restricted activity is being performed.

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An acupuncture program must ensure that each student participates sufficiently in the supervised care of patients. A minimum of 200 patient visits is required where students can learn to treat a wide variety of conditions with acupuncture. The primary care of a patient cannot be assigned to more than 2 students at the same time. Additionally, the following minimums must be met:  five (5) New patient Intakes  two (2) Internal Medicine cases  two (2) Gynecology cases  three (3) of any of the following: neurological, oncology, dermatology, pediatrics, or cardiovascular. For these cases that are less commonly seen in student clinic up to 5 students may participate in the treatment of the case.  Not more than 35% total cases of musculo-skeletal pain related conditions

Teaching clinic schedule, patient records and student’s reported clinic hours shall all match.

Clinic Log Book Students trained in Alberta will be required to keep a log book of all treatments they observe and provide as an intern. This log book will be required to be submitted with transcripts and other required documents for application to write the Alberta Acupuncture Registration Exam (AARE) and for registration as a member of the CAAA if the candidate sits licencing exams outside the province.

The Log book must contain the following information on each treatment observed or provided:  Non-disclosing patient identification: patient id # within the institution’s filing system or Initials. Enough to verify on audit not enough to violate a patient’s right to privacy  Date of treatment (observation)  Treatment number X/200  Clinic Supervisor (s) Initials or signature on Treatment Plan and secondary signatures if CS changes during shift or any alteration from proposed Treatment plan  Basic history on the patient, reason for seeking treatment, SOAP notes, etc.  TCM Diagnosis and pattern differentiation  proposed Treatment Plan, including acupuncture, suitable herbal formula, diet or lifestyle modifications  Treatment provided if different from proposed plan with student notation as to why the change and initials of Clinic Supervisor of change. Examples might include: rash on acupuncture point so ashi point nearby used instead, patient requested Yin Tang, patient was uncomfortable with leg position so acupuncture point___ was removed.  Additional notes observed by intern (observer)

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All treatment notes must be compliant with the Patient record keeping policy on the patient files. The Log book is intended to be verified as a synopsis of the full patient record and will be used to verify the student has completed the minimum number of patient visits and to ensure the student has treated a variety of conditions as part of the clinical practicum. It will be returned to the student upon acceptance to write the AARE.

5. Off-campus clinical training

Acupuncture clinics that accommodate students for fulfilling their clinical practice requirements in off-campus locations must meet the same standards as on-campus teaching clinics. These clinics must have an official affiliation with the educational institution and the institution must exercise academic oversight equivalent to the one exercised in the on-campus teaching clinic. Supervisors must meet the same qualifications for clinical instruction as in the on- campus teaching clinic. All other requirements that apply to on-campus teaching clinic such as the log book, patient record keeping etc. are still applicable.

Maximum allowable hours completed off campus cannot exceed 35% of total for the program practicum.

6. Faculty and clinical supervisors

An acupuncture program must maintain a faculty that is academically qualified and numerically sufficient to perform the responsibilities assigned to it. Faculty members must demonstrate competency in the specific field they teach, which includes proper professional education, practical professional experience, and teaching experience. All instructors must have five (5) years of professional experience in the subject matter.

The responsibilities of faculty members include the following:  design lesson plans, tests, exams and assignments  evaluate student’s work and progress  maintain attendance and academic records  provide remedial assistance if necessary  ensure that course objectives are met  keep course content updated  keep their knowledge updated according to the latest developments within the field of their teaching

Clinical supervisors must be registered acupuncturists in Alberta in good standing, and must have at least five (5) years’ clinical experience recognized by the Council. They must have the skills and experience to assist with students’ learning

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and improvement of treatment skills. They must have full professional liability insurance.

Programs must ensure students have a minimum of three (3) different Clinical Supervisors responsible for assessing and evaluating students’ progress over the clinical practicum.

The acupuncture program shall provide faculty members and clinical supervisors with opportunities for professional growth and development.

7. Evaluation of student progress and achievement

The program shall demonstrate and document an assessment system that provides accurate information to students and tracks students’ progress in knowledge, skills, and competencies through the program.

Assessment in the form of examination shall be conducted at an appropriate level to ensure students meet the requirements of the course. Number and complexity of questions shall accurately reflect the objectives of the course.

All examinations must be proctored for the entirety of the exam.

The program must establish a grading system to ensure consistency. Instructor shall report results of examinations and assignments to the program administrator in an un-editable format in a timely manner.

Students shall be given their grades in each course: after each exam or assignment, at the end of each semester and be provided with final transcripts in a timely manner.

Final Transcripts must include:  Course Name or number  Year and term  Instructor  Final grade Any course a student registers in must be appear on the transcript regardless of outcome i.e. pass, withdraw or fails a course. Students must be provided assessment of their progress or status prior to key program drop dates, which are based on the program’s design, and must be published so they are known to students. Drop dates must match regulation for refund of tuition after training begins as per Private Vocational Training Act.

Students must be provided with progress report upon request.

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Based on the assessment results, the program can conduct systematic review of its educational objectives and make efforts to improve the quality of professional education delivered to students. IV. STANDARDS RELATED TO PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

1. Chief administrator

An acupuncture program must appoint a chief administrator who is responsible for the entire operation of the program, administration of the policies and procedures, and communication with faculty and students.

The program shall have administrative staff of a size appropriate to the size of the program. The administration must be qualified and well organized with clearly defined roles and responsibilities.

The administration shall develop policies and procedures to govern operation of the program, and ensure established policies and procedures are followed.

Each program must have its own Student Handbook and Clinic Handbook and Code of Student Conduct.

2. Records

The program must have accurate and complete record keeping system that is compliant with all applicable privacy legislations such as Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, Personal Information Protection Act and Health Information Act. Role based access to all records is required.

Student records, including academic, attendance and financial records, shall be maintained and stored at the site of the program for all students currently enrolled in the program. The program shall have a written policy for storage of and access to student records to ensure security and confidentiality. Student records must be retained by the program for a period of at least 3 years after their graduation.

The program must maintain patient records which shall be kept accurate, secured, complete and confidential with respect to the generally accepted standards of health care practice. The program must maintain patient files for student clinic separate from patient files of any member, or other healthcare provider, even if they practice out of the same clinic space. Any patient who is seen by a member and in the student clinic must have a separate patient file for the student clinic. Records of patients who are treated by students under supervision must be signed by the student and the supervisor(s) on duty. Students must only have access to those patient files that they are actively assigned to and only on during their school hours. No after-hours access to physical or electronic records is permitted.

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Electronic records require the same security to access as physical records except that they must be backed up and the back up stored off-site. Additionally, policies should be in place to define the procedures for back up and who is responsible for this.

3. Faculty and course evaluation

The program must have a policy regarding faculty and course evaluations. The purpose is to provide faculty with feedback on the quality of their teaching and to encourage improvement of instruction. Faculty and course evaluations shall be conducted at the end of a course by the students and/or by other faculty after class visits. The faculty evaluation should be based on fulfillment of teaching responsibilities. It shall be conducted in an anonymous manner, and the evaluation results must be communicated to the faculty member in a timely manner. Documentation demonstrating faculty evaluation by the administration and student feedback should be kept on file for the full length of time a student is enrolled in the program.

4. Student services and activities

The program must have services available for students to assist them with their educational, personal and professional growth, facilitate communication between students, faculty, staff and administration, and create good student morale while making progress toward their career goals.

Student services may include student study groups, student committees and other activities to the benefits of students. Student services should be documented in Student Handbook that detail their rights, privileges and responsibilities, and disciplinary proceedings for violations of those responsibilities.

5. Student grievances

The program must have a fair, efficient and effective complaints resolution process to review and respond to grievances made by students. This process needs to be published in the Student Handbook (or other such document) and should be part of the student orientation. The entire procedure must be accurately documented and maintained in file for at least three (3) years following the initiation of any complaints.

The complaint resolution process must include someone outside the original complaint and must eliminate any faculty or staff from multiple roles in the process.

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The program must have an appeal policy in place for students to appeal grades or any other administrative decisions. This policy shall provide clear instruction on appeal procedures, such as how and when to file an official appeal.3 The appeal process should include a neutral third party, who has no vested interest in the outcome.

6. Transfer of credit

Credits are awarded after successful completion of a teaching unit.

An acupuncture program may accept transferred credits from another professional program which is considered equivalent to the requirements for graduation from a professional acupuncture program. However, at least 50% of the courses or credit hours must be taken in the acupuncture program of the institution granting the certificate or degree. The acupuncture program can only accept transferred credits for those courses which the applicants have achieved the educational objectives.

7. Communication

The administration must ensure effective communication with faculty members, students, governing body of the profession, government departments, and other relevant organizations, such as faculty evaluation feedback, student grades, grievances, announcements, and new policies and regulations, etc. Copies of communication sent/received as well as minutes for meetings must be kept on file.

V. STANDARDS RELATED TO PHYSICAL SPACE, FACILITIES, EQUIPMENT AND OTHER LEARNING RESOURCES

1. Physical space, facilities and equipment

The facilities of the program must be safe, functional, adequate and accessible to ensure the welfare of students, faculty, staff and patients, including those with disabilities. Facilities must meet local fire, safety and health standards.

The physical space, facilities and equipment of the institution must be cleaned and repaired as needed on a regular base to ensure a healthy environment for faculty, students, patients and staff.

3 See also: Practices and Procedures for Appeals under Section 11.1 of the School Act. Accessible online: www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/education/administration/legislation- policy/legislation/studentappeals/sab_procedures_manual.pdf Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 21

The program shall have appropriate media and learning equipment adequate for delivery of the curriculum.

Classroom size and clinic size shall be appropriate to the number of students and patients.

2. Teaching clinic

The teaching clinic must comply with local environmental, health and safety legislation. The clinic must be equipped and staffed in the same way as a regular acupuncture clinic, and its size has to be adequate to accommodate all students, supervisors and patients that are using the teaching clinic at any given time.

The teaching clinic must be sufficient space for a waiting room, reception area, secure file storage, treatment rooms, gathering space for students with storage for personal belongings, private discussion area and supervisor’s office, washroom(s) and storage space for equipment.

3. Library and other learning resources

A library and other learning resources must be appropriate to the curriculum and readily available and accessible to students and faculty. A copy of each of the program’s required and recommended texts books should be available along with those references designated for the Alberta Acupuncture Registration Exams.

The library’s materials should contain a good amount of recent and contemporary items such as books, TCM related magazines, multi-media learning materials that can contribute to the educational objectives of the Acupuncture program.

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VI. CONCLUSION

Acupuncture is a system based on the holistic principles of traditional Chinese medicine, with its own theoretical foundation, diagnosis, treatment principles and treatment modalities, as well as standards and competency and practice. The Entry-level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine outlines the competencies required for a practitioner to perform a job function with a specified level of proficiency independently. The Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education is intended to set out the standards, requirements and guidelines for a professional acupuncture program to provide students with the required knowledge, competency, skills and attitudes.

The standards proposed in this document are based on research and are in line with requirements implemented in other jurisdictions, both nationally and internationally.

Education is the foundation of a profession. Current acupuncture programs in Alberta shall conduct a self-review based on the standards proposed, and make adjustments as needed to further improve the quality of education.

It is sincerely hoped that this document will benefit students, acupuncture education providers, and the profession of acupuncturists in Alberta. Improved standards of education will improve the competence and skills of acupuncturists, which will ultimately benefit Albertans by receiving safe, quality and ethical treatments by acupuncturists in Alberta.

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References and Sources

Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. (2016, February 27). Accreditation Manual. Retrieved from http://acaom.org/governing-documents/

Acupuncture Foundation Professional Association. (2017). AFPA Training Standards. Retrieved from http://afpa.ie/afpa-training-standards/

Acupuncture Regulation. Alberta Regulation 42/1988.

Acupuncture Training Programs, California Code of Regulations. tit. 16, § 3.5 (2005, January 1). Retrieved from http://www.acupuncture.ca.gov/pubs_forms/laws_regs/index.shtml

Alberta Health and Wellness. Workforce Policy and Planning Health Workforce Division. (2005, April 20). Standards of Competency and Practice. Retrieved from http://acupuncturealberta.ca/regulations-policies/

British Acupuncture Council. (2011, October). Standards of Education and Training for Acupuncture. Retrieved from http://www.baab.co.uk/downloads/key- accreditation-documents.html

Canadian Alliance of Regulatory Bodies for TCM Practitioners and Acupuncturists. (2010, May). Entry-Level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Canada. Retrieved from https://www.ctcmpao.on.ca/resources/forms-and-documents/

Council of Acupuncture Oriental Medicine Associations. (n.d.). Standards for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. Retrieved from http://sonic.net/~brianf/caoma/aom_standards.htm

Curricula, Admission requirements, Acupuncture program information of Reeves College, Edmonton; Grant MacEwan University, Edmonton; CCTCMA, Calgary; ACATCM, Calgary and CITCM, Calgary, provided by CAAA.

Health and Care Professions Council. (2014, July). Standards of Education and Training Guidance. Retrieved from http://www.hcpc-uk.org/education/standards/

Health Disciplines Act, Revised Statutes of Alberta (2000, c. H-2). Retrieved from http://www.qp.alberta.ca/570.cfm

Mei, M. F. (2006, October). Chinese Medicine Education – A Global View [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://mfm.acumedic.com/2012/01/chinese-medicine- education-－-a-global-view/

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Robinson, N. G. (2016). Why we need minimum basic requirements in science for acupuncture education. Medicines, 3(3), 21; doi:10.3390/medicines3030021.

Standards of Competency and Practice, Alberta Health and Wellness rev. April 2005

State of Georgia Non-public Postsecondary Education Commission. (2016, October). Minimum Standards and Criteria Non-public Postsecondary Education Commission (NPEC) Institutions. Retrieved from https://gnpec.org/about- gnpec/minimum-standards/

WHO Consultation on Acupuncture. (1996, November 1). Guidelines on Basic Training and Safety in Acupuncture. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Jwhozip56e/

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Appendices

Appendix 1: Standards of Competency and Practice, Alberta Health and Wellness, April 2005 http://acupuncturealberta.ca/pdfs/regulations/standard-competency-practice.pdf

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Appendix 2: Entry-Level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Canada (May 2010)

Canadian Alliance of Regulatory Bodies for TCM Practitioners and Acupuncturists Copyright © 2010 Canadian Alliance of Regulatory Bodies for TCM Practitioners and Acupuncturists All rights reserved

INTRODUCTION The Occupational Competencies were developed by the Canadian Alliance of Regulatory Bodies for Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Acupuncturists over the period January 2008 – October 2009. They were updated in May 2010, at which time Performance Indicators and Assessment Blueprints were established.

The development process involved the identification of proposed competencies by an inter-provincial committee of experienced Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practitioners and educators, working with a consultant4. The committee utilized source documents from various countries describing TCM education and practice, as well as the expertise of its members.

This was followed by surveys of practitioners in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, Québec and Newfoundland & Labrador, to determine the extent to which the proposed competencies were deemed by practitioners to be important, frequently used and appropriate as entry-level requirements.

The Occupational Competencies are subject to the approval of the regulatory authority in each jurisdiction. They are intended to identify the job tasks in which entry-level TCM practitioners and acupuncturists should be proficient, in order to provide safe, effective and ethical practice.

The members of the Alliance gratefully acknowledge the Government of Canada, under the Foreign Credential Recognition Program, for funding this project in partnership with BC's Ministry of Advanced Education and Labor Market Development.

Canadian regulatory jurisdictions currently utilize different occupational titles to regulate the practice of TCM.

OCCUPATIONAL COMPETENCIES AND ENTRY-LEVEL PROFICIENCY An Occupational Competency is defined as a job task that can be carried out to a specified level of proficiency.

The following statement defines Entry-Level Proficiency: When presented with routine situations, the entry-level practitioner applies each relevant competency in a manner consistent with generally accepted standards in the profession,

4 Catalysis Consulting, www.catalysisconsulting.net Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 27

without supervision or direction, and within a reasonable timeframe. The practitioner selects and applies competencies in an informed manner. The practitioner anticipates what outcomes to expect in a given situation, and responds appropriately. The entry-level practitioner recognizes unusual, difficult- to- resolve and complex situations which may be beyond his / her capacity. The practitioner takes appropriate and ethical steps to address these situations, which may include seeking consultation or supervision, reviewing research literature, or referring the client.

Development beyond entry-level proficiency is to be encouraged. This involves Advanced Skills, Expert Skills and Leadership: The practitioner working at an advanced level has extensive experience and exhibits a more in-depth understanding of clinical situations. Decision-making and treatment flow more efficiently because the practitioner readily perceives which aspects of a presenting situation are the important ones, and how they should be addressed. The practitioner working at an advanced level deals effectively with most unusual, difficult-to-resolve and complex situations. Beyond the advanced level, practitioners may be recognized as experts or leaders in their fields, who contribute to the advancement of the profession.

FRAMEWORK FOR THE OCCUPATIONAL COMPETENCIES The Occupational Competencies are grouped into the following Practice Areas: 1. Interpersonal Skills 2. Professionalism 3. Practice Management 4. Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundations 5. Fundamentals of Biomedicine 6. Diagnostics and Treatment 7. Acupuncture Techniques 8. Herbal Dispensary Management 9. Safety

Within each Practice Area, the Occupational Competencies are identified as  Common (applicable to both Acupuncture and Herbology)  Acupuncture (unique to the practice of Acupuncture)  Herbology (unique to the practice of Herbology)

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PRACTICE AREA 1 - INTERPERSONAL SKILLS Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology 1.1 Utilize professional communication. Speak effectively, using appropriate a  terminology. Write effectively, using appropriate  b terminology. c Comprehend written information.  d Comprehend information presented orally.  e Respond to non-verbal communication.  f Respond to sources of interpersonal conflict.  g Ensure effectiveness of communication. Develop and maintain effective inter- 1.2 professional relationships. a Develop productive working relationships.  Work cooperatively in an interdisciplinary  b health care setting. Develop and maintain effective relationships 1.3 with patients. a Show respect toward patients as individuals.  b Exhibit compassion toward patients.  c Maintain practitioner / patient boundaries.  d Facilitate honest, reciprocal communication.  Encourage patient to take responsibility for e  his/her health.

PRACTICE AREA 2 - PROFESSIONALISM Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology 2.1 Comply with legal requirements. Apply to practice current, relevant federal and a  provincial / territorial legislation. Apply to practice current requirements of b regulatory body.  Apply to practice current, relevant c requirements of municipal and other local  authorities. Practice in a manner that accords patient 2.2 dignity and reflects patient rights. Ensure that patient is aware of treatment plan, a its benefits and risks.  b Ensure ongoing, informed consent.  Respect patient rights to privacy and c  confidentiality. Terminate course of treatment when  d appropriate.

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Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology 2.3 Maintain practitioner self-care. Maintain personal health and wellness in the a  context of professional practice. b Exhibit professional deportment.  2.4 Practice with professional integrity. a Practice within limits of expertise.  b Modify practice to enhance effectiveness.  Remain current with developments in c  acupuncture practice. Remain current with developments in TCM d  herbology practice. e Exhibit professional behavior. 

PRACTICE AREA 3 - PRACTICE MANAGEMENT Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology 3.1 Maintain patient records. a Ensure complete and accurate records.  b Ensure security and integrity of records.  3.2 Utilize effective business strategies a Ensure sound financial management.  Establish office procedures and supervise staff  b accordingly. c Employ ethical business practices. 

PRACTICE AREA 4 – TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE FOUNDATIONS Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology Apply fundamental knowledge of the 4.1 following Traditional Chinese Medicine principles in diagnosis and treatment. a yin yang  b wu xing (five elements)  c zang xiang (organ theories)  jing-luo & shu xue (channels, collaterals, and d  Acupuncture points) qi, xue, jin ye, jing, & shen (qi, blood, body e  fluid, essence, spirit) f ti zhi (constitution)  g bing yin (etiology)  h bing ji (pathogenesis)  i yu fang (prevention)  j zhi ze (principles of treatment)  k yang sheng (health preservation) 

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Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology Apply fundamentals of Acupuncture in 4.2 diagnosis and treatment. a Characterize the following points: i jing xue (points of the 14 channels)  ii jing wai qi xue (extra points)  Apply knowledge of the following b special groupings of points, in treatment planning: i wu shu xue (five transporting points)  ii yuan xue (source points)  iii luo xue (connecting points)  iv xi xue (cleft points)  vi mu xue (front / mu points)  vii xia he xue (lower sea points)  ba mai jiao hui xue (eight confluent viii  points) ba hui xue (eight meeting (influential) ix  points) x zi mu xue (mother / child points)  xi jiao hui xue (channel crossing points)  xii a shi xue (ah shi points)  xiii ear and scalp Acupuncture  c Select points for assessment.  d Select points or areas for therapy.  e Select stimulation techniques.  Apply knowledge of precautions and f contraindications for application of  stimulation techniques. g Apply knowledge of: i tui na / an mo (acupressure)  ii qi gong / tai ji  iii gua sha  Apply knowledge of the following 4.3 properties and functions of TCM herbs in treatment planning: a si qi (four properties)  b wu wei (five flavors)  sheng jiang fu chen (ascending, c  descending, floating, sinking) d gui jing (channel tropism)  e actions  f indications  g toxicity  h pao zhi (processing of herbs) 

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Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology Apply knowledge of herbal formulating 4.4 strategies, with reference to: a composition of formula  b modification of formula  c functions & classifications  d combinations & compatibility  e dosage form & methods of administration  f dosage  g potential adverse effects  h contraindications & precautions  Apply knowledge of the following herb 4.5 interactions in treatment planning: a herb – drug interactions  b herb – herb interactions  c herb – food interactions  d herb – natural health product interactions 

PRACTICE AREA 5 - FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMEDICINE Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology Apply basic biomedical concepts to TCM 5.1 practice. a human anatomical structures  b biochemical processes  c control mechanisms  d infectious diseases and infection control  e dysfunctions and common diseases  Relate biomedical diagnostic and treatment 5.2 approaches to TCM practice. a diagnosis and treatment methods  b pharmacology  5.3 Integrate TCM and biomedical concepts. Relate biomedical information concerning a patient’s condition and treatment to TCM state  of health. Communicate TCM diagnostic and treatment  b information for use by other health care

workers, and to third parties.

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PRACTICE AREA 6 - DIAGNOSTICS & TREATMENT Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology Establish priorities for assessment and 6.1 treatment planning. a Identify chief complaint.  Initiate assessment based upon chief  b complaint.  Recognize conditions that require urgent c medical treatment, and direct patient  appropriately. Modify assessment strategy based upon  d emerging information. Initiate collaboration, consultation or  e referral as appropriate. 6.2 Assess patient. Collect information using wang zhen a  (TCM diagnostic inspection method). Collect information using wen zhen  b (TCM diagnostic inquiry method). Collect information using wen zhen  c (TCM diagnostic auscultation and

olfaction methods). Collect information using qie zhen (TCM d  diagnostic palpation method). e Measure vital signs.  Conduct relevant non-invasive physical f  examination.

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Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology 6.3 Analyze assessment information. Organize and interpret the collected a information using the following TCM  syndrome differentiation methods: ba gang bian zheng (eight principles  i differentiation) zang-fu bian zheng (organ theory ii  differentiation)

iii wu xing bian zheng (five elements  differentiation) san jiao bian zheng (triple warmer iv  differentiation) wei qi ying xue bian zheng (four levels v  differentiation) liu jing bian zheng (six stages  vi differentiation) qi xue jin ye bian zheng (qi, blood, body  vii fluid differentiation) bing yin bian zheng (pathogenic factors viii  differentiation) jing luo bian zheng (meridian  ix differentiation) Incorporate information obtained from b biomedical diagnostic data, medical and  health history. c Make TCM diagnosis.  Establish treatment plan based on 6.4 diagnosis. a Determine treatment goals and strategies.  Take into account precautions and b  contraindications.

Adapt treatment according to patient d  characteristics and needs. Select appropriate points, point e  combinations and / or treatment areas. Select appropriate course of acupuncture f  treatment and therapeutic modalities. g Devise applicable TCM herbal formula.  Devise appropriate course of herbal h  treatment.

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Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology 6.5 Provide acupuncture treatment. Adapt clinical setting to enhance comfort a  and safety. b Position patient for treatment.  c Locate selected points on patient.  d Apply treatment techniques.  Monitor and respond to patient condition e  during treatment. 6.6 Implement herbal treatment plan. Instruct patient on accessing TCM herbal a  formula. Instruct patient on administration of TCM b  herbal formula. Monitor effectiveness of treatment 6.7 plan and modify where necessary. Evaluate effectiveness of treatment plan a on an ongoing basis.  Modify treatment plan to enhance  b effectiveness. 6.8 Educate and counsel patient. Explain etiology and pathogenesis of a  condition. Explain TCM concepts as they apply to b  patient condition. Inform patient of possible side effects c  and reaction to treatment. Advise patient on yu fang and yang sheng d  (prevention and health preservation). Counsel patient on compliance with e  treatment recommendations.

PRACTICE AREA 7 - ACUPUNCTURE TECHNIQUES Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology 7.1 Perform needling. a Perform filiform needling.  Perform dermal (plum blossom, seven star) b  needling. c Perform intra-dermal tack needling.  d Perform three-edge needling.  7.2 Perform moxibustion. a Perform direct moxibustion.  b Perform indirect moxibustion.  c Perform needle-warming moxibustion. 

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Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology Perform treatment utilizing supplementary 7.3 devices. a Perform stimulation using heat lamps.  Perform stimulation using electro-acupuncture b  devices. 7.4 Perform cupping.  7.5 Perform tui na. 

PRACTICE AREA 8 – HERBAL DISPENSARY MANAGEMENT Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology 8.1 Maintain herbal inventory. a Identify appropriate supply for herbs.  b Assess quality of herbs with reference to: i packaging  ii labeling  iii physical properties  iv available quality assurance information  Store herbs in appropriate conditions, c including: i environment  ii security  iii monitoring  d Maintain records with respect to inventory.  8.2 Prepare and dispense herbal formulas. Verify formula information is clear, a complete and accurate.  Verify availability of components and b  confirm substitution if required. c Confirm identity of components.  d Compound formula.  e Apply packaging.  f Apply labeling.  g Provide instructions for storage and use.  h Maintain dispensing records. 

PRACTICE AREA 9 - SAFETY Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology 9.1 Evaluate patient risk profile. Determine risk profile relative to acupuncture  a treatment. Determine level of risk relative to TCM herbal b  treatment.

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Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology 9.2 Provide a safe working environment. Maintain current knowledge of communicable a  diseases and infection control techniques. Apply universal precautions for infection b  control. Ensure effective supervision of staff and / or  c students. Inspect facilities on a regular basis for electrical hazards, fire risk and physical d  hazards that may cause accidents, and take action to minimize. Establish procedures and route for emergency e  evacuation of facilities. Establish procedures to maximize protection of  f self, staff and patients in the event of abusive or

violent behavior. 9.3 Manage risks to patients. Include safety precautions in herbal treatment a  plan. Manage adverse reactions and accidents b  resulting from treatment. c Respond appropriately to medical emergencies.  Manage blood-to-blood contact and provide d  direction for post-exposure follow up. e Clean spills of blood and other body fluids.  f Control and extinguish small fires.  Ensure that equipment is safe and 9.4 functional. a Select equipment that enhances patient safety.  b Maintain equipment in good working order.  Clean and equipment regularly, and disinfect as c  appropriate.

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Appendix 3: National and International Acupuncture Education: Program Duration (basic comparison)

Jurisdictions Program duration Details Ireland (AFPA) 3 years U.S.A. (CAOMA) 3 – 4 years 2,500 – 3,500 hrs. California 4 years, 8 semesters, 12 quarters, 9 1,548 hours of theoretical training trimesters or 36 months plus 800 hours of clinical instruction. U.K. (BAB) 3 years (FT), 3600 hrs. (Including 1200 hrs. structured time with 400 hrs. of clinical practice)

Australia 3 – 5 years New Zealand 3 – 5 years WHO 2,500 hrs. and basic biosciences education Recommendation

Jurisdictions Program duration Details CTCMA - BC 1900 hours of which 450 hours 1900 hours over 3 years 450 clinical practicum are Clinical practicum and of that 225 are supervised practice hours. EOCPIA Common and Acupuncture

NB Identical for TCM Herbalist except in EOCPIA, Common and Herbology apply

http://www.ctcma.bc.ca/resources/education- program-review/ TCMPAO - ON 3 years full time education, and https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/130027 500 direct patient contact hours OAQ - QC 3 years full time One program offered in French only http://acupuncture.crosemont.qc.ca/ TCMPANL - NL No Program https://ctcmpanl.ca/learn-about- traditional-chinese-medicine/education-of- an-acupuncturist/ gives no indication of a program available in NL

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Appendix 4: Program duration of other health professions in Alberta

Regulatory Body Program Classroo Internship Board Exams Duration m Hours Alberta College & 4 years 4,500 600 hours ACAC registration requirements include Association of hrs. (included in passing national board exams. Chiropractors (ACAC) (Includin the 4,500 g 600 hrs.) hrs. of internshi p) College of Alberta 2 years NAIT is 900 hours. Must successfully pass the National Dental Dental Assistants a two Assisting Examining Board (NDAEB) (CADA) year written examination. diploma program College of Registered 3 years Successful completion of the written Dental Hygienists of examination delivered by the National Alberta (CRDHA) Dental Hygiene Certification Board (NDHCB) of Canada is required. College of Dieticians 4 years 35 – 40 Must successfully complete the Canadian of Alberta (CDA) weeks Dietetic Registration Examination. College of 4 years Must successfully complete the written Naturopathic Doctors NPLEX examinations. of Alberta (CNDA) College of Midwives 4 years Objective Structured Clinical Exam of Alberta (OSCE). Valid certification in neonatal resuscitation, CPR and managing obstetrical emergencies. College of Licensed 2 years Canadian Practical Nurse Registration Practical Nurses of Exam (CPNRE) Alberta College of Registered 3 years 45- Registered Psychiatric Nurses of Canada Psychiatric Nurses of credits. Examination (RPNCE) Alberta (CRPNA) Alberta College of 4 years 28 weeks Canadian Association of Occupational Occupational Therapists (CAOT) National Certification Therapists (ACOT) Exam. Alberta College of 4 years Canadian Assessment of Competency in Optometrists (ACO) Optometry (CACO) exam. Alberta College of 10 mo (EMT) The College administers Provincial Paramedics 2 yrs (EMT-P) Registration Examinations at the EMT and EMT-P levels. Physiotherapy Alberta 4 years The Canadian Alliance of Physiotherapy College & Association Regulators (The Alliance) administers the Physiotherapy Competency Examination (PCE) College of Physicians Medical Check Residency Passed the Medical Council of Canada and Surgeons of degree from a each Evaluating Examination (MCCEE), if you Alberta school listed in program obtained your medical degree outside the Canada or the U.S. or have Doctor of International Osteopathy degree from the U.S. Medical Education

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Directory.

College of Alberta 3 years 1600 hours Oral Exam: to be completed prior to Psychologists (CAP) moving to Standards for Supervision form B) Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP Exam): can be completed at any time during the registration process. Alberta College of 2 years 1500 hours Association of Social Work Boards Social Workers (ASWB) exams. (ACSW)

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Appendix 5 – Common Diseases

Infectious & Parasitic Diseases 1. bacillary dysentery 2. cholera 3. epidemic encephalitis 4. leptospirosis 5. malaria 6. mumps 7. schistosomiases 8. typhoid fever 9. viral hepatitis Respiratory Diseases 10. bronchial asthma 11. bronchitis 12. pneumococcal pneumonia 13. pneumothorax 14. primary bronchopulmonary carcinoma 15. pulmonary tuberculosis Cardiovascular Diseases 16. chronic heart failure 17. chronic lung cardiomyopathy 18. hypertension 19. ischemic heart disease 20. rheumatic fever 21. rheumatic heart disease 22. viral myocarditis Gastrointestinal Diseases 23. acute pancreatitis 24. chronic gastritis 25. gastrointestinal ulcers 26. hepatocirrhosis 27. primary hepatic carcinoma 28. stomach carcinoma 29. ulcerative colitis Urinary System Diseases 30. chronic glomerulonephritis 31. chronic renal failure 32. urinary tract infection Hematological Diseases 33. aplastic anemia 34. leukemia 35. leukopenia & agranulocytosis 36. thrombocytopenic purpura

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Endocrine Diseases 37. diabetes 38. hyperthyroidism Nervous System Diseases 39. acute cerebrovascular diseases 40. epilepsy 41. facial paralysis 42. Guillain-Barre syndrome 43. Meniere's disease 44. neurosis 45. sciatica 46. trigeminal neuralgia Acute Poisoning 47. acute poisoning 48. organic phosphate insecticide poisoning

Reference: Western Medicine Internal Medicine Foundations (for Chinese medicine, acupuncture and tui-na specializations), 1986, by Yin Fengli et al, Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House

Source: Pan-Canadian Standards for Traditional Chinese Medicines Practitioners and Acupuncturists. Performance Indicators and Assessment Blueprints for the Entry Level Occupational Competencies May 2015 revision – Appendix 6

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Appendix 6 – Common Drugs

Efferent Nervous System Pharmacology 1. Adrenergic drugs (noradrenaline; isoproterenol; adrenaline; ephedrine; dopamine) 2. Antiadrenergic drugs (propranolol; acetabulol; atenolol; metoprolol) 3. Anticholinergic drugs (atropine) 4. Cholinergic drugs (pilocarpine; nicotine; pyridine; neostigmine) Central Nervous System Pharmacology 5. Analgesic drugs (morphine; codeine; naloxone; dolantin; fentanyl; methadone; pentazocine, oxycontin) 6. Antiepileptic & antiparkinsonism drugs (phenytoin; ethosuximide; valproate; phenobarbital; clonazepam; levodopa) 7. Antipyretic analgesic drugs (aspirin; paracetamol; indomethacin; ibuprofen; aminopyrine; phenylbutazone) 8. Central stimulants (caffeine; coramine; doxapram) 9. Psychotherapeutic drugs (chlorpromazine; haloperidol; imipramine; amitriptyline) 10. Sedative hypnotic drugs (benzodiazepines; barbituates) 11. Cannabis Cardiovascular System Pharmacology 12. Antianginal drugs (nitroglycerin; beta blockers; dipyramidole; nifedipine) 13. Antiarrhythmic drugs (quinidine; procainamide; lidocaine; phenytoin; propranolol; amiodarone; verapamil) 14. Antihypertensive drugs (reserpine; beta blockers; prazosin; hydralazine; hydrochlorothiazide; captopril) 15. Cardiac glycosides (digoxin) 16. Diuretic drugs (thiazides; furosemide; antisterone; spironolactone; triamterene; mannitol) 17. Drugs for hyperlipidemia (clofibrate; nicotinic acid; cholestyramine) Respiration, Gastrointestinal, Hematologic and Uterine Pharmacology 18. Drugs for gastrointestinal tract disorders (antacids; H2 receptor antagonists; magnesium sulfate; irritant laxatives; diphenoxylate; loperamide) 19. Drugs for respiratory tract disorders (salbutamol; aminophylline; beclomethasone) 20. Hematologic and hemapoetic drugs (heparin; dicoumarol; warfarin; aspirin; vitamin K; ferrous sulfate; folic acid; vitamin B12) 21. Uterine stimulant drugs (oxytocin; ergot; prostaglandins) Endocrine Pharmacology 22. Adrenal steroids and related drugs (cortisone; hydroxycortisone; prednisone; prednisolone; dexamethasone) 23. Drugs for diabetes mellitus (insulin; tolbutamide; metformin) 24. Drugs for hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism (thyroxine; triiodothyronine; methylthiouracil; carbimazole) 25. Endogenous peptides and their antagonists (histamine; diphenhydramine; cimetidine; prostaglandin; 5-HT; methsergide; angiotensin)

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Chemotherapy 26. Antibacterial drugs (penicillins; cephalosporins; erythromycin; clindamycin; aminoglycosides; tetracyclines; chloramphenicol) 27. Antimycotic & antiviral drugs (griseofulvin; amphotericin B; nystatin; clotrimazole; amantadine) 28. Antineoplastic drugs (cyclophosphamide; methotrexate; mercaptopurine; fluorouracil; hydroxyurea; bleomycin; vincristine; colchicine) 29. Antiparasitic drugs (chloroquinine; primaquine; pyrimethamine; piperazine; pyrantel; mebendazole) 30. Antituberculotic drugs (isoniazid; streptomycin; rifampicin; ethambutol; pyrazinamide) 31. Sulfonamides & other drugs (sulfisoxazole; sulfadiazine; sulfamethoxazole; sulfamidine; phthalylsulfathiazole; sulfacetamide; silver sulfadiazine; sulfamylon; trimethoprim; furantoin)

Reference: Pharmacology (for Chinese medicine, Chinese herbology specializations), 1984, by Wang Qinmao et al, Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House

Source: Pan-Canadian Standards for Traditional Chinese Medicines Practitioners and Acupuncturists. Performance Indicators and Assessment Blueprints for the Entry Level Occupational Competencies May 2015 revision – Appendix 7

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Appendix 7 – TCM Herbs list

Materia Medica (Pin-yin, Chinese and Botanical name) 292 Total

A 1. Ai Ye 艾葉 Folium Artemisiae Argyi

B 2. Ba Ji Tian 巴戟天 Radix Morindae Officinalis 3. Bai Bian Dou 白扁豆 Semen Dolichoris Album 4. Bai Bu 百部 Radix Stemonae 5. Bai Dou Kou 白豆蔻 Fructus Amomi Rotundus 6. Bai Fu Zi 白附子 Rhizoma Typhonii 7. Bai Guo 白果 Semen Ginkgo 8. Bai He 百合 Bulbus Lilli 9. Bai Hua She Cao 白花蛇舌草 Herba Hedyotis Diffusae 10. Bai Ji 白芨 Rhizoma Bletillae 11. Bai Ji Li/Ci Ji Li 白蒺藜/刺蒺藜 Fructus Tribuli 12. Bai Jiang Cao 敗醬草 Herba Patriniae 13. Bai Jie Zi 白芥子 Semen Sinapis Albae 14. Bai Mao Gen 白茅根 Rhizoma Imperatae 15. Bai Qian 白前 Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii 16. Bai Shao 白芍 Radix Paeoniae Alba 17. Bai Tou Weng 白頭翁 Radix Pulsatillae 18. Bai Wei 白薇 Radix Cynanchi Atrati 19. Bai Xian Pi 白蘚皮 Cortex Dictamni Radicis 20. Bai Zhi 白芷 Radix Angelicae Dahuricae 21. Bai Zhu 白朮 Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae 22. Ban Lan Gen 板藍根 Radix Isatidis 23. Ban Xia 半夏 Rhizoma Pinelliae 24. Bei Xie 萆薢 Rhizoma Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae 25. Bian Xu 萹蓄 Herba Polygoni Avicularis 26. Bie Jia 鱉甲 Carapax Trionycis 27. Bin Lang 檳榔 Semen Arecae 28. Bo He 薄荷 Herba Menthae 29. Bo/Bai Zi Ren 柏子仁 Semen Biotae 30. Bu Gu Zhi 補骨脂 Fructus Psoraleae

C 31. Can Sha 蠶砂 Faeces Bombycis 32. Cang Er Zi 蒼耳子 Fructus Xanthii

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33. Cang Zhu 蒼朮 Rhizoma Atractylodis 34. Cao Dou Kou 草豆蔻 Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai 35. Cao Guo 草果 Fructus Tsaoko 36. Ce Bo Ye 側柏葉 Cacumen Biotae 37. Chai Hu 柴胡 Radix Bupleuri 38. Chan Tui 蟬蛻 Periostracum Cicadae 39. Che Qian Zi 車前子 Semen Plantaginis 40. Chen Xiang 沈香 Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum 41. Chi Shao Yao 赤芍藥 Radix Paeoniae Rubra 42. Chi Shi Zhi 赤石脂 Halloysitum Rubrum 43. Chi Xiao Dou 赤小豆 Semen Phaseoli 44. Chuan Bei Mu 川貝母 Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae 45. Chuan Lian Zi 川楝子 Fructus Meliae Toosendan 46. Chuan Xiong 川芎 Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 47. Ci Shi 磁石 Magnetitum D 48. Da Fu Pi 大腹皮 Pericarpium Arecae 49. Da Huang 大黃 Radix et Rhizoma Rhei 50. Da Ji 大薊 Radix Cirsii Japonici 51. Da Qing Ye 大青葉 Folium Isatidis 52. Da Zao 大棗 Fructus Ziziphi Jujibae 53. Dai Zhe Shi 代赭石 Haematitum 54. Dan Dou Shi/Chi 淡豆豉 Semen Sojae Praeparatum 55. Dan Shen 丹參 Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 56. Dan Zhu Ye 淡竹葉 Herba Lophatheri 57. Dang Gui 當歸 Radix Angelicae Sinensis 58. Dang Shen 黨參 Radix Condonopsis Pilosulae 59. Di Fu Zi 地膚子 Fructus Kochiae 60. Di Gu Pi 地骨皮 Cortex Lycii Radicis 61. Di Long 地龍 Lumbricus 62. Di Yu 地榆 Radix Sanguisorbae 63. Ding Xiang 丁香 Flos Caryophylli 64. Dong Chong Xia Cao 冬蟲夏草 Cordyceps 65. Dong Gua Pi 冬瓜皮 Exocarpium Benincasae 66. Du Huo 獨活 Radix Angelicae Pubescentis 67. Du Zhong 杜仲 Cortex Eucommiae

E 68. E Jiao 阿膠 Colla Corii Asini 69. E Zhu 莪朮 Rhizoma Zedoariae

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F 70. Fan Xie Ye 番瀉葉 Folium Sennae 71. Fang Feng 防風 Radix Ledebouriellae 72. Fen Fang Ji 粉防己 Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae 73. Feng Mi 蜂蜜 Mel 74. Fo Shou 佛手 Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis 75. Fu Ling 茯苓 Poria 76. Fu Pen Zi 覆盆子 Fructus Rubi 77. Fu Xiao Mai 浮小麥 Fructus Tritici Levis 78. Fu Zi 附子 Radix Aconiti Praeparata

G 79. Gan Cao 甘草 Radix Glycyrrhizae 80. Gan Jiang 乾薑 Rhizoma Zingiberis 81. Gao Ben 藳本 Rhizoma Ligustici 82. Gao Liang Jiang 高良薑 Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum 83. Ge Gen 葛根 Radix Puerariae 84. Ge Jie 蛤蚧 Gecko 85. Gou Ji 狗脊 Rhizoma Cibotii 86. Gou Qi Zi 枸杞子 Fructus Lycii 87. Gou Teng 鉤藤 Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis 88. Gu Sui Bu 骨碎補 Rhizoma Drynariae 89. Gua Lou 瓜蔞 Fructus Trichosanthis 90. Guang Fang Ji 廣防己 Radix Aristolochiae Fangchi 91. Gui Ban 龜板 Plastrum Testudinis 92. Gui Zhi 桂枝 Ramulus Cinnamomi

H 93. Hai Fu Shi 海浮石 Pumex 94. Hai Ge Ke 海蛤殼 Concha Cyclinae 95. Hai Jin Sha 海金沙 Spora Lygodii 96. Hai Zao 海藻 Sargassum 97. Han Lian Cao 旱蓮草 Herba Ecliptae 98. He Huan Pi 合歡皮 Cortex Albizziae 99. He Shou Wu 何首烏 Radix Polygoni Multiflori 100. He Zi 訶子 Fructus Chebulae 101. Hei Zhi Ma 黑芝麻 Semen Sesami Nigrum 102. Hong Hua 紅花 Flos Carthami 103. Hong Teng 紅藤 Caulis Sargentodoxae 104. Hou Po 厚朴 Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis 105. Hu Huang Lian 胡黃連 Rhizoma Picrorhizae

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106. Hu Jiao 胡椒 Fructus Piperis Nigri 107. Hu Po 琥珀 Succinum 108. Hu Tao Rou 胡桃肉 Semen Juglandis 109. Hua Jiao 花椒 Pericarpium Zanthoxyli 110. Hua Shi 滑石 Talcum 111. Huai Hua 槐花 Flos Sophorae 112. Huang Bo/Bai 黃柏 Cortex Phellodendri 113. Huang Jing 黃精 Rhizoma Polygonati 114. Huang Lian 黃連 Rhizoma Coptidis 115. Huang Qi 黃耆 Radix Astragali seu Hedysari 116. Huang Qin 黃芩 Radix Scutellariae 117. Huo Ma Ren 火麻仁 Fructus Cannabis 118. Huo Xiang 藿香 Herba Pogostemonis

J

119. Ji Nei Jin 雞內金 Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli 120. Ji Xue Teng 雞血藤 Caulis Spatholobi 121. Jiang Can 僵蠶 Bombyx Batryticatus 122. Jiang Huang 薑黃 Rhizoma Curcumae Longae 123. Jiang Xiang 降香 Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae 124. Jie Geng 桔梗 Radix Platycodi 125. Jin Qian Cao 金錢草 Herba Lysimachiae 126. Jin Yin Hua 金銀花 Flos Lonicerae 127. Jin Ying Zi 金櫻子 Fructus Rosae Laevigatae 128. Jing Jie 荊芥 Herba Schizonepetae 129. Ju Hua 菊花 Flos Chrysanthemi 130. Ju Pi/Chen Pi 橘皮/陳皮 Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 131. Jue Ming Zi 決明子 Semen Cassiae

K 132. Ku Lian Pi 苦楝皮 Cortex Meliae 133. Ku Shen 苦參 Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 134. Kuan Dong Hua 款冬花 Flos Farfarae 135. Kun Bu 昆布 Thallus Laminariae Eckloniae

L 136. Lai Fu Zi 萊菔子 Semen Raphani 137. Li Zhi He 荔枝核 Semen Litchi 138. Lian Qiao 連翹 Fructus Forsythiae 139. Lian Zi 蓮子 Semen Nelumbinis 140. Ling Zhi 靈芝 Ganoderma lucidum Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 48

141. Liu Ji Nu 劉寄奴 Herba Artemisiae Anomalae 142. Long Dan Cao 龍膽草 Radix Gentianae 143. Long Gu 龍骨 Os Draconis 144. Long Yan Rou 龍眼肉 Arillus Longan 145. Lu Feng Fang 露蜂房 Nidus Vespae 146. Lu Gan Shi 爐甘石 Calamina 147. Lu Gen 蘆根 Rhizoma Phargmitis 148. Lu Hui 蘆薈 Aloe 149. Lu Rong 鹿茸 Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum

M

150. Ma Huang 麻黃 Herba Ephedrae 151. Ma Huang Gen 麻黃根 Radix Ephedrae 152. Mai Men Dong 麥門冬 Radix Ophiopogonis 153. Mai Ya 麥芽 Fructus Hordei Germinatus 154. Man Jing Zi 蔓荊子 Fructus Viticis 155. Mang Chong 牤蟲 Tanabus 156. Mang Xiao 芒硝 Natrii Sulfas 157. Ming Fan 明礬 Alumen 158. Mo Yao 沒藥 Myrrha 159. Mu Dan Pi 牡丹皮 Cortex Moutan Radicis 160. Mu Gua 木瓜 Fructus Chaenomelis 161. Mu Li 牡蠣 Concha Ostreae 162. Mu Tong 木通 Caulis Akebiae 163. Mu Xiang 木香 Radix Aucklandiae

N 164. Nan Gua Zi 南瓜子 Semen Cucurbitae 165. Niu Bang Zi 牛蒡子 Fructus Arctii 166. Niu Xi 牛膝 Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae 167. Nu Zhen Zi 女貞子 Fructus Ligustri Lucidi O 168. Ou Jie 藕節 Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis

P 169. Pei Lan 佩蘭 Herba Eupatorii 170. Pi Pa Ye 枇杷葉 Folium Eruobotryae 171. Pu Gong Ying 蒲公英 Herba Taraxaci 172. Pu Huang 蒲黃 Pollen Typhae

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Q 173. Qian Cao 茜草 Radix Rubiae 174. Qian Hu 前胡 Radix Peucedani 175. Qian Shi 芡實 Semen Euryales 176. Qiang Huo 羌活 Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii 177. Qin Jiao 秦艽 Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae 178. Qin Pi 秦皮 Cortex Fraxini 179. Qing Dai 青黛 Indigo Naturalis 180. Qing Hao 青蒿 Herba Artemisiae Annuae 181. Qing Pi 青皮 Pericarppium Citri Reticulatae Viride 182. Qu Mai 瞿麥 Herba Dianthi 183. Quan Xie 全蠍 Scorpio R 184. Ren Shen 人參 Radix Ginseng 185. Rou Cong Rong 肉蓯蓉 Herba Cistanches 186. Rou Dou Kou 肉豆蔻 Semen Myristicae 187. Rou Gui 肉桂 Cortex Cinnamomi 188. Ru Xiang 乳香 Olibanum S 189. San Leng 三棱 Rhizoma Sparganii 190. San Qi 三七 Radix Notoginseng 191. Sang Bai Pi 桑白皮 Cortex Mori Radicis 192. Sang Ji Sheng 桑寄生 Ramulus Taxilli 193. Sang Piao Xiao 桑螵蛸 Ootheca Mantidis 194. Sang Shen 桑椹 Fructus Mori 195. Sang Ye 桑葉 Folium Mori 196. Sang Zhi 桑枝 Ramulus Mori 197. Sha Ren 砂仁 Fructus Amomi 198. Sha Shen 沙參 Radix Glehniae 199. Sha Yuan Zi/Tong Ji Li 沙苑子/潼蒺藜 Semen Astragali Complanati 200. Shan Yao 山藥 Rhizoma Dioscoreae 201. Shan Zha 山楂 Fructus Crataegi 202. Shan Zhu Yu 山茱萸 Fructus Corni 203. She Chuang Zi 蛇床子 Fructus Cnidii 204. She Gan / Ye Gan 射干 Rhizoma Belamcandae 205. Shen Qu 神麴 Massa Medicara Fermentata 206. Sheng Di Huang 生地黃 Radix Rehmanniae 207. Sheng Jiang 生薑 Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens 208. Sheng Ma 升麻 Rhizoma Cimicifugae

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209. Shi Chang Pu 石菖蒲 Rhizoma Acori Graminei 210. Shi Di 柿蒂 Calyx Kaki 211. Shi Gao 石膏 Gypsum Fibrosum 212. Shi Hu 石斛 Herba Dendrobii 213. Shi Jue Ming 石決明 Concha Haliotidis 214. Shi Jun Zi 使君子 Fructus Quisqualis 215. Shi Liu Pi 石榴皮 Pericarpium Granati 216. Shi Wei 石葦 Folium Pyrrosiae 217. Shu Di Huang 熟地黃 Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 218. Shui Zhi 水蛭 Hirudo 219. Si Gua Luo 絲瓜絡 Vascularis Luffae Fasciculus 220. Su Mu 蘇木 Ligum Sappan 221. Su Zi/Zi Su Zi 蘇子 Fructus Perillae 222. Suan Zao Ren 酸棗仁 Semen Ziziphi Spinosae 223. Suo Yang 鎖陽 Herba Cynomorii T 224. Tai Zi Shen 太子參 Radix Pseudostellariae 225. Tan Xiang 檀香 Lignum Santali Albi 226. Tao Ren 桃仁 Semen Persicae 227. Tian Hua Fen 天花粉 Radix Trichosanthis 228. Tian Ma 天麻 Rhizoma Gastrodiae 229. Tian Men Dong 天門冬 Radix Asparagi 230. Tian Nan Xing 天南星 Rhizoma Arisaematis 231. Ting Li Zi 葶藶子 Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae 232. Tong Cao 通草 Medulla Tetrapanacis 233. Tu Si Zi 菟蕬子 Semen Cuscutae

W 234. Wa Leng Zi 瓦楞子 Concha Arcae 235. Wang Bu Liu Xing 王不留行 Semen Vaccariae 236. Wei Ling Xian 威靈仙 Radix Clematidis 237. Wu Bei Zi 五倍子 Galla Chinensis 238. Wu Gong 蜈蚣 Scolopendra 239. Wu Jia Pi 五加皮 Cortex Acanthopanacis Radicis 240. Wu Ling Zhi 五靈脂 Faeces Trogopterori 241. Wu Mei 烏梅 Fructus Mume 242. Wu Wei Zi 五味子 Fructus Schisandrae 243. Wu Yao 烏藥 Radix Linderae 244. Wu Zei Gu/Hai Piao Xiao 烏賊骨/海螵蛸 Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae 245. Wu Zhu Yu 吳茱萸 Fructus Evodiae

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X 246. Xi Xin 細辛 Herba Asari 247. Xi Yang Shen 西洋參 Radix Panacis Quinquefolii 248. Xia Ku Cao 夏枯草 Spica Prunellae 249. Xian He Cao 仙鶴草 Herba Agrimoniae 250. Xian Mao 仙茅 Rhizoma Curculiginis 251. Xiang Fu 香附 Rhizoma Cyperi 252. Xiang Ru 香薷 Herba Elsholtziae seu Moslae 253. Xiao Hui Xiang 小茴香 Frictus Foeniculi 254. Xiao Ji 小薊 Herba Cephalanoploris 255. Xie Bai 薤白 Bulbus Allii Macrostemi 256. Xie/Xue Jie 血竭 Resina Draconis 257. Xin Yi 辛夷 Flos Magnoliae 258. Xing Ren 杏仁 Semen Armeniacae Amarum 259. Xu Duan 續斷 Radix Dipsaci 260. Xuan Fu Hua 旋覆花 Flos Inulae 261. Xuan Shen 玄參 Radix Scrophulari 262. Xie/Xue Yu Tan 血餘炭 Crinis Carbonisatus Y 263. Yan Hu Suo 延胡索 Rhizoma Corydalis 264. Ye Jiao Teng 夜交藤 Caulis Polygoni Multiflori 265. Yi Mu Cao 益母草 Herba Leonuri 266. Yi Ren 薏苡仁 Semen Coicis 267. Yi Zhi Ren 益智仁 Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae 268. Yin Chai Hu 銀柴胡 Radix Stellariae 269. Yin Chen Hao 茵陳蒿 Herba Artemisiae Scopariae 270. Yin Yang Huo 淫羊藿 Herba Epimedii 271. Yu Jin 郁金 Radix Curcumae 272. Yu Li Ren 郁李仁 Semen Pruni 273. Yu Mi Xu 玉米鬚 Stigma Maydis 274. Yu Xing Cao 魚腥草 Herba Houttuyniae 275. Yu Zhu 玉竹 Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati 276. Yuan Zhi 遠志 Radix Polygalae Z 277. Zao Jiao Ci 皂角刺 Spina Gleditsiae 278. Ze Xie 澤瀉 Rhizoma Alismatis 279. Zhe Bei Mu 浙貝母 Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii 280. Zhe Chong 蟅蟲 Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga 281. Zhen Zhu Mu 珍珠母 Concha Margartifera Usta

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282. Zhi Ke 枳殼 Fructus Aurantii 283. Zhi Mu 知母 Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 284. Zhi Shi 枳實 Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 285. Zhi Zi 梔子 Fructus Gardeniae 286. Zhu Ling 豬苓 Polyporus Umbellatus 287. Zhu Ru 竹茹 Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam 288. Zi Cao 紫草 Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi 289. Zi Hua Di Ding 紫花地丁 Herba Violae 290. Zi Su Ye 紫蘇葉 Folium Perillae 291. Zi Wan 紫菀 Radix Asteris 292. Zong Lu Tan 棕櫚炭 Traachycarpi Carbonisatus

Source: Pan-Canadian Standards for Traditional Chinese Medicines Practitioners and Acupuncturists. Performance Indicators and Assessment Blueprints for the Entry Level Occupational Competencies May 2015 revision – Appendix 3

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Appendix 8 –TCM Herbal Formula list – 172 Total

Please Note: Some formulas may contain ingredients that are endangered or extinct and per the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES5) must not be used. Their listing here, and learning of these formulas is for historical purposes and any practical use of such formulas or ingredient should be adjusted and substitutions used where appropriate.

1. Formulas for relieving superficial syndrome (Jie Biao Ji 解表劑) (8) 1-1 Formula for relieving superficial syndrome with pungent and warm 辛溫解表 (4) Ma Huang Tang Ephedra Decoction 麻黃湯 Gui Zhi Tang Cinnamon Twig Decoction 桂枝湯 Xiao Qing Long Tang Minor Blue-green Dragon Decoction 小青龍湯 Jiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang Nine-herb Decoction with 九味羌活湯 Notopterygium 1-2 Relieving superficial syndrome with pungent and cool 辛涼解表 (3) Yin Qiao San Honeysuckle and Forsythia powder 銀翹散 Sang Ju Yin Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum 桑菊飲 Decoction Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Gypsum and 麻杏石甘湯 Licorice Decoction 1-3 Relieving superficial syndrome with tonics 扶正解表 (1) Bai Du San Toxin-Vanquishing Powder 敗毒散

2. Formulas for purgation (Xie Xia Ji 瀉下劑) (7) 2-1 Purging with cold energy herbs 寒下 (3) Da Cheng Qi Tang Major Order the Qi Decoction 大承氣湯 Xiao Cheng Qi Tang Minor Order the Qi Decoction 小承氣湯 Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Regulate the Stomach and Order the Qi 調胃承氣湯 Tang Decoction 2-2 Purging with warm energy herbs 溫下 (2) Wen Pi Tang Warm the Spleen Decoction 溫脾湯

Da Huang Fu Zi Tang Rhubarb and Prepared Aconite Decoction 大黃附子湯 2-3 Purging with moistening/lubricating herbs 潤下 (2) Ma Zi Ren Wan Hemp Seed Pill 麻子仁丸 Ji Chuan Jian Benefit the River (Flow) Decoction 濟川煎

5 https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/what.php & https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 54

3. Formulas for harmonizing (He Jie Ji 和解劑) (6) 3-1 Harmonizing Shao yang 和解少陽 (2) Xiao Chai Hu Tang Minor Bupleurum Decoction 小柴胡湯 Hao Qin Qing Dan Artemisia Annua and Scutellaria Decoction 蒿芩清膽湯 Tang to Clear 3-2 Harmonizing Liver and Spleen 和解肝脾 (3) Si Ni San Minor Bupleurum Decoction 四逆散 Xiao Yao san Rambling powder 逍遙散 Tong Xie Yao Fang Important Formula for Painful Diarrhea 痛瀉要方 3-3 Harmonizing Stomach and Spleen 和解脾胃 (1) Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang Pinellia Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium 半夏瀉心湯

4. Formulas for clearing heat (Qing Re Ji 清熱劑) (25) 4-1 Clear the heat in Qi portion/level 清氣分熱 (2) Bai Hu Tang White Tiger Decoction 白虎湯 Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang Lophatherus and Gypsum Decoction 竹葉石膏湯 4-2 Clear heat in the ying & blood portion/level 清血分熱 (2) Qing Ying Tang Clear the Nutritive Level Decoction 清營湯 Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia 犀角地黃湯 Decoction 4-3 Clear the heat and detoxify 清熱解毒 (3) Liang Ge San Cool the Diaphragm Powder 涼膈散 Huang Lian Jie Du Tang Coptis Decoction to Relieve Toxicity 黃連解毒湯 Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin Benefit Decoction to Eliminate Toxin 普濟消毒飲 4-4 Clear heat in both the Qi and blood 氣血兩清 (1) Qing Wen Bai Du San Clear Epidemics and overcome Pathogenic 清瘟敗毒散 Influences Decoction6 4-5 Clear heat in the Zang-fu (organ network) 清臟腑熱 (9) Long Dan Xie Gan Tang Gentiana Long Gan Cao Decoction to Drain 龍膽瀉肝湯 the Liver Zuo Jin Wan Left Metal pill 左金丸 Yu Nu Jian Jade Woman Decoction 玉女煎 Ting Li Da Zao Xie Fei Descurainia and Jujube Decoction 葶藶大棗瀉 Tang 肺湯 Shao Yao Tang Peony Decoction 芍藥湯 Dao Chi San Guide Out the Red powder 導赤散 Xie Bai San Drain the White powder 瀉白散

6 Original PCE Doc name was blank name pulled from Chen & Chen Chinese Herbal Formulas and Applications Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 55

Qing Wei San Clear the Stomach powder 清胃散 Bai Tou Weng Tang Pulsatilla Decoction 白頭翁湯 4-6 Clear the deficient heat 清虛熱 (4) Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang Artemisia Annua and Soft-Shelled Turtle 青蒿鱉甲湯 Shell Deco Qin Jiao Bie Jia San Gentiana Qinjiao and Soft-Shelled Turtle 秦艽鱉甲散 Shell Powder Qing Gu San Cool the Bones Powder 清骨散 Dang Gui Liu Huang Tangkuei and Six-yellow Decoction 當歸六黃湯 Tang 4-7 Clear the summer-heat 清暑熱 (4) Liu Yi San Six to One Powder 六一散 Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang Clear Summer-heat and Augment the Qi 清暑益氣湯 Decoction Xin Jia Xiang Ru Yin Newly Augment Mosla Drink 新加香薷飲 Qing Luo Yin Clear the Collaterals Decoction 清絡飲

5. Formulas for warming interior 溫裏劑 (8) 5-1 Warm up interior and expel cold 溫中袪寒 (4) Li Zhong Wan Regulate the Middle Pill 理中丸 Xiao Jian Zhong Tang Minor Construct the Middle Decoction 小建中湯 Wu Zhu Yu Tang Evodia Decoction 吳茱萸湯 Da Jian Zhong Tang Major Construct the Middle Decoction 大建中湯 5-2 Restore yang and save critical (reverse counterflow) 回陽救逆 (2) Si Ni Tang Frigid Extremities Decoction 四逆湯 Hui Yang Jiu Ji Tang Restore and Revive the Yang Decoction 回陽救急湯 from Revised Popular Guide 5-3 Warm up channels and disperse cold 溫經散寒 (2) Dang Gui Si Ni Tang Tangkuei Decoction for Frigid Extremities 當歸四逆湯 Huang Qi Gui Zhi Wu Astragalus and Cinnamon Twig Five- 黃耆桂枝五 Tang Substance Decoction 物湯

6. Formulas for relieving interior-exterior 表裏雙解劑 (4) Da Chai Hu Tang Major Bupleurum Decoction 大柴胡湯 Fang Feng Tong Sheng Ledebouriella Powder that Sagely Unblocks 防風通聖散 San Ge Gen Huang Qin Kudzu, Scutellaria and Coptis Decoction 葛根黃芩黃 Huang Lian Tang 連湯 Wu Ji San Five Accumulation Powder 五積散

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7. Formulas for tonifying 補益劑 (18) 7-1 Qi tonic 補氣 (4) Si Jun Zi Tang Four Gentleman Decoction 四君子湯 Shen Ling Bai Zhu San Ginseng, Poria, and Atractylodes 參苓白朮散 Macrocephala Powder Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi 補中益氣湯 Decoction Sheng Mai San Generate the Pulse powder 生脈散 7-2 Blood tonic 補血 (4) Si Wu Tang Four-Substance Decoction 四物湯 Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang Tangkuei Decoction to Tonify the Blood 當歸補血湯 Gui Pi Tang Restore the Spleen Decoction 歸脾湯 Zhi Gan Cao Tang Honey-Fried Licorice Decoction 炙甘草湯 7-3 Both Qi and blood tonic 氣血雙補 (3) Ba Zhen Tang Eight Treasure Decoction 八珍湯 Shi Quan Da Bu Tang All-Inclusive Great Tonifying Decoction 十全大補湯 Ren Shen Yang Rong Ginseng Decoction to Nourish the Nutritive 人參養榮(營 (Ying) Tang Qi )湯 7-4 Yin tonic 補陰 (4) Liu Wei Di Huang Wan Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia 六味地黃丸 Da Bu Yin Wan Great Tonify the Yin Pill 大補陰丸 Yi Guan Jian Linking Decoction 一貫煎 Zuo Gui Wan Restore the Left (Kidney) Pill 左歸丸 7-5 Yang tonic 補陽 (3) Jin Kui Shen Qi Wan Kidney Qi Pill 金匱腎氣丸 Ji Sheng Shen Qi Wan Kidney Qi Pill from Formulas to Aid the 濟生腎氣丸 Living You Gui Wan Restore the Right (Kidney) Pill 右歸丸

8. Formulas for tranquilization 安神劑 (6) 8-1 Tranquilizing the mind with heavy and compressing 重鎮安神 (2) Zhu Sha An Shen Wan Cinnabar Pill to Calm the Spirit 硃砂安神丸 Ci Zhu Wan Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill 磁硃丸 8-2 Tranquilizing the mind with nourishing 滋養安神 (4) Suan Zao Ren Tang Sour Jujube Decoction 酸棗仁湯 Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan Emperor of Heaven's Special Pill to Tonify 天王補心丹 the Heart Bai Zi Yang Xin Wan Biota Seed Pill to Nourish the Heart 柏子養心丸 Gan Mai Da Zao Tang Licorice Wheat and Jujube Decoction 甘麥大棗湯

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9. Formulas for astringing 固澀劑 (6) Yu Ping Feng San Jade Windscreen powder 玉屏風散 Si Shen Wan Four-Miracle Pill 四神丸 Mu Li San Oyster Shell Powder 牡蠣散 Jin Suo Gu Jing Wan Metal Lock pill to Stabilize the Essence 金鎖固精丸 Zhen Ren Yang Zang True Man's Decoction to Nourish the 真人養臟湯 Tang Organs Sang Piao Xiao San Mantis Egg-Case powder 桑螵蛸散

10. Formulas for regulating Qi 理氣劑 (10) 10-1 Improving Qi circulation 行氣 (5) Yue Ju Wan Escape Restraint Pill 越鞠丸 Ban Xia Hou Po Tang Pinellia and Magnolia Bark Decoction 半夏厚朴湯 Zhi Shi Xie Bai Gui Zhi Unripe Bitter Orange, Chinese Garlic, and 枳實薤白桂 Tang Cinnamon Twig Decoction 枝湯 Hou Po Wen Zhong Magnolia Bark Decoction for Warming the 厚朴溫中湯 Tang Middle Tian Tai Wu Yao San Top-Quality Lindera Powder 天台烏藥散 10-2 Bring Qi downward 降氣 (5) Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang Perilla Fruit Decoction for Directing Qi 蘇子降氣湯 Downward Ding Chuan Tang Arrest Wheezing Decoction 定喘湯 Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang Inula and Hematite Decoction 旋覆代赭湯 Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shavings 橘皮竹茹湯 Decoction Ding Xiang Shi Di Clove and Persimmon Calyx Decoction 丁香柿蒂湯 Tang

11. Formulas for regulating blood 理血劑 (12) 11-1 Improve blood circulation and remove blood stagnation 活血袪瘀 (7) Tao He Cheng Qi Tang Peach Pit Decoction to Order the Qi 桃核承氣湯 Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang Drive Out Stasis in the Mansion of Blood 血府逐瘀湯 Decoction Fu Yuan Huo Xue Tang Revive health by Invigorate the blood 復元活血湯 Decoction Bu Yang Huan Wu Tonify the Yang to Restore Five (Tenths) 補陽還五湯 Tang Decoction Sheng Hua Tang Generating and Transforming Decoction 生化湯 Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan Cinnamon and Poria Pills 桂枝茯苓丸 Shi Xiao San Sudden Smile Powder 失笑散 11-2 Stop bleeding 止血 (5) Xiao Ji Yin Zi Small Thistle Drink 小薊飲子

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Shi Hui San Ten Partially-Charred Substances Powder 十灰散 Ke Xue Fang Coughing of Blood Formula 咳血方 Huang Tu Tang Yellow Earth Decoction 黃土湯 Huai Hua San Sophora Japonica Flower Powder 槐花散

12. Formulas for treating wind related diseases 治風劑 (10) 12-1 Expel external wind 疏散外風 (5) Xiao Feng San Eliminate Wind Powder 消風散 Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao Ligusticum Chuanxiong Powder to Be 川芎茶調散 San Taken with Green Tea Cang Er Zi San Xanthium Powder 蒼耳子散 Qian Zheng San Lead to Symmetry Powder 牽正散 Xiao Huo Luo Dan Minor Invigorate the Channels Special Pill 小活絡 丹 12-2 Distinguish internal wind 平熄內風 (5) Ling Jiao Gou Teng Antelope Horn and Uncaria Decoction 羚角鉤藤湯 Tang Zhen Gan Xi Feng Sedate the Liver and Extinguish Wind 鎮肝熄風湯 Tang Decoction Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin Gastrodia and Uncaria Decoction 天麻鉤藤飲 Da Ding Feng Zhu Major Arrest Wind Pearl 大定風珠 Di Huang Yin Zi Rehmannia Drink 地黃飲子

13. Formulas for treating dryness diseases 治燥劑 (8) Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang Eliminate Dryness and Rescue the Lung 清燥救肺湯 Decoction Xing Su San Apricot Kernel and Perilla Leaf Powder 杏蘇散 Sang Xing Tang Mulberry Leaf and Apricot Kernel 桑杏湯 Decoction Mai Men Dong Tang Ophiopogonis Decoction 麥門冬湯 Bai He Gu Jin Tang Lily Bulb Decoction to Preserve the Metal 百合固金湯 Yu Ye Tang Jade Fluid Decoction 玉液湯 Zeng Ye Tang Increase the Fluids Decoction 增液湯 Yang Yin Qing Fei Nourish the Yin and Clear the Lungs 養陰清肺湯 Tang Decoction

14. Formulas for eliminating dampness 袪濕劑 (17) Ping Wei San Calm the Stomach Powder 平胃散 Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Agastache Powder to Rectify the Qi 藿香正氣散 San Yin Chen Hao Tang Artemisiae Yinchenhao Decoction 茵陳蒿湯 Ba Zheng San Eight Herb Powder for Rectification 八正散

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San Ren Tang Three Seed Decoction 三仁湯 Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan Sweet Dew Special Pill to Eliminate Toxin 甘露消毒丹 Er Miao San Two-Marvel Powder 二妙散 Wu Ling San Five-Ingredient Formula with Poria 五苓散 Fang Ji Huang Qi Tang Stephania and Astragalus Decoction 防己黃耆湯 Zhu Ling Tang Polyporus Decoction 豬苓湯 Wu Pi Yin Five Peel Decoction 五皮飲 Zhen Wu Tang True Warrior Decoction 真武湯 Shi Pi Yin Bolster the Spleen Decoction 實脾飲 Bei Xie Fen Qing Yin Dioscorea Hypoglauca Decoction to 萆薢分清飲 Separate the Clear Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Atractylodes and 苓桂朮甘湯 Licorice Decoction Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang Angelica Pubescentis and Taxillus 獨活寄生湯 Decoction Qiang Huo Sheng Shi Notopterygium Decoction to Overcome 羌活勝濕湯 Tang Dampness

15. Formulas for eliminating phlegm 袪痰劑 (11) 15-1 Dissolve phlegm and drying dampness 燥濕化痰 (2) Er Chen Tang Decoction of Two Aged (Cured) Drugs 二陳湯 Wen Dan Tang Warm Gallbladder Decoction 溫膽湯 15-2 Dissolve phlegm and clear heat 清熱化痰 (3) Qing Qi Hua Tan Wan Clear the Qi and Transform Phlegm Pill 清氣化痰湯 Xiao Xian Xiong Tang Minor Decoction (for Pathogens) Stuck in 小陷胸湯 the Chest Gun Tan Wan Vaporize Phlegm Pill 滾痰湯 15-3 Dissolve phlegm and moisten dryness 潤燥化痰 (1) Bei Mu Gua Lou San Fritillaria and Trichosanthis Fruit Powder 貝母瓜蔞散 15-4 Dissolve cold phlegm with warm herbs 溫化寒痰 (2) Ling Gan Wu Wei Poria, Licorice, Schisandra, Ginger, and 苓甘五味薑 Jiang Xin Tang Asarum Decoction 辛湯 San Zi Yang Qin Tang Three Seed Decoction to Nourish One’s 三子養親湯 Parents 15-5 Dissolve phlegm and treat wind 治風化痰 (3) Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Pinellia, Atractylodes Macrocephala and 半夏白朮天 Ma Tang Gastrodia Decoction 麻湯 Ding Xian Wan Arrest Seizures Pill 定癇丸 Zhi Sou San Stop Coughing Powder 止嗽散

16. Formulas for improving digestion 消導劑 (7) Bao He Wan Preserve Harmony Pill 保和丸

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Jian Pi Wan Strengthen the Spleen Pill 健脾丸 Zhi Shi Dao Zhi Wan Unripe Bitter Orange Pill to Guide out 枳實導滯丸 Stagnation Mu Xiang Bin Lang Aucklandia and Betel Nut Pill 木香檳榔丸 Wan Zhi Zhu Wan Unripe Bitter Orange and Atractylodes Pill 枳朮丸 Zhi Shi Xiao Pi Wan Unripe Bitter Orange Pill to Reduce Focal 枳實消痞丸 Distention Bie Jia Jian Wan Soft Shelled Turtle Pill 鱉甲煎丸

17. Formulas for parasite diseases 驅蟲劑 (2) Wu Mei Wan Mume Pill 烏梅丸 Fei Er Wan Fat Baby Pill 肥兒丸

18. Formulas for abscess (yong yang) 癰瘍劑 (7) Xian Fang Huo Ming Immortals' Formula for Sustaining Life 仙方活命飲 Yin Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin Five Ingredient Decoction to Eliminate 五味消毒飲 Toxin Yang He Tang Balmy Yang Decoction 陽和湯 Si Miao Yong An Tang Four-Valiant Decoction for Well Being 四妙勇安湯 Wei Jing Tang Reed Decoction 葦莖湯 Da Huang Mu Dan Pi Rhubarb and Moutan Decoction 大黃牡丹皮 Tang 湯 Yi Fu Zi Bai Jiang San Coix, Aconite Accessory Root and Patrinia 薏苡附子敗 Powder 醬散

Source: Pan-Canadian Standards for Traditional Chinese Medicines Practitioners and Acupuncturists. Performance Indicators and Assessment Blueprints for the Entry Level Occupational Competencies May 2015 revision – Appendix 4

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Appendix 9 – Recommended References for Alberta Acupuncture Registration Exam

Please refer to Appendix A of current edition of the Candidate Handbook. At time of printing, http://acupuncturealberta.ca/pdfs/examination/2018-CANDIDATE- HANDBOOKv3.pdf

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