Arizona at the Large Hadron Collider: the ATLAS Detector, the Particle Zoo, the Higgs Boson, and the Search for New Phenomena
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Report of the IPPOG Higgs Panel
International Particle Physics Outreach Group Higgs - What now ? Report of the IPPOG Higgs Panel Thomas Naumann DESY 1 Explaining the Higgs International Particle Physics Outreach Group • The basics of the Higgs boson [TED-Ed, D. Barney + S. Goldfarb] based on many IPPOG discussions… • A new particle is discovered: a Higgs boson! [made with CERN-EDU] simple video playing in a loop at the entrance of Microsom + Globe @ CERN, explains very basic concepts, FR + EN • The Higgs Field, explained [TED-Ed, Don Lincoln] • The Higgs Boson Explained [PhD Comics] • The Particle Adventure [ParticleAdventure.org] 2 IPPOG Meeting, November 2013, Sylvie Brunet for ATLAS Outreach Higgs Resources: ATLAS International Particle Physics Outreach Group www.atlas.ch/HiggsResources http://cms.web.cern.ch/org/cms- presentations-public new ATLAS Book: classify Higgs resources + put to IPPOG DB: • by format • by target audience 3 UK: Royal Society summer science exhibition booklet International Particle Physics Outreach Group Contributions from all UK Particle Physics groups Coordinator Cristina Lazzeroni Excellent web resource for those not able to visit exhibition http://understanding-the-higgs-boson.org/exhibit/booklet/ Higgs: messages International Particle Physics Outreach Group • announcement of the Nobel Prize: ‚ ... for the theoretical discovery ...‘ ??? Freudian slip to honour CERN ? but G. Ingelman: • ‘this is a triumph of the scientific method … of formulating theoretical predictions … and testing them in experiments’ • LHC to resolve a theory jam of -
Jul/Aug 2013
I NTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF H IGH -E NERGY P HYSICS CERNCOURIER WELCOME V OLUME 5 3 N UMBER 6 J ULY /A UGUST 2 0 1 3 CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the July/August 2013 issue of CERN Courier. This “double issue” provides plenty to read during what is for many people the holiday season. The feature articles illustrate well the breadth of modern IceCube brings particle physics – from the Standard Model, which is still being tested in the analysis of data from Fermilab’s Tevatron, to the tantalizing hints of news from the deep extraterrestrial neutrinos from the IceCube Observatory at the South Pole. A connection of a different kind between space and particle physics emerges in the interview with the astronaut who started his postgraduate life at CERN, while connections between particle physics and everyday life come into focus in the application of particle detectors to the diagnosis of breast cancer. And if this is not enough, take a look at Summer Bookshelf, with its selection of suggestions for more relaxed reading. To sign up to the new issue alert, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/sign-up. To subscribe to the magazine, the e-mail new-issue alert, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/how-to-subscribe. ISOLDE OUTREACH TEVATRON From new magic LHC tourist trail to the rarest of gets off to a LEGACY EDITOR: CHRISTINE SUTTON, CERN elements great start Results continue DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY JESSE KARJALAINEN/IOP PUBLISHING, UK p6 p43 to excite p17 CERNCOURIER www. -
Prusaprinters
CERN's CMS Detector A Alex VIEW IN BROWSER updated 24. 4. 2019 | published 24. 4. 2019 Summary The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is one of the big four experiments of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the world’s largest and most powerful particle accelerator. The LHC is part of CERN's accelerator complex in Geneva, Switzerland. The detector is located 100 meters underground near Cessy, France, at the opposite end of the LHC from ATLAS detector. It is 15 meters high and 21 meters long, and it weighs 14,000 tonnes. This 120:1 scale model shows CMS' most important components. It is based on the original Technical Design Reports and the SketchUpCMS project. It was originally modeled by James Wetzel, W.G. Wetzel and Nick Arevalo with a grant from Don Lincoln. Objective of CMS CMS is a general-purpose detector with a broad physics programme ranging from studying the Standard Model (including the Higgs boson) to searching for extra dimensions and particles that could make up dark matter. Components The CMS detector is shaped like a cylindrical onion, with several concentric layers of components. These components help prepare “photographs” of each collision event by determining the properties of the particles produced in that particular collision. Particle collisions occur at the very center of the detector, within the LHC accelerator's beam pipes. Inside the accelerator, two high-energy particle beams travel at close to the speed of light before they are made to collide. The beams travel in opposite directions in separate beam pipes – two tubes kept at ultrahigh vacuum. -
The Weak Charge of the Proton Via Parity Violating Electron Scattering
The Weak Charge of the Proton via Parity Violating Electron Scattering Dave “Dawei” Mack (TJNAF) SPIN2014 Beijing, China Oct 20, 2014 DOE, NSF, NSERC SPIN2014 All Spin Measurements Single Spin Asymmetries PV You are here … … where experiments are unusually difficult, but we don’t annoy everyone by publishing frequently. 2 Motivation 3 The Standard Model (a great achievement, but not a theory of everything) Too many free parameters (masses, mixing angles, etc.). No explanation for the 3 generations of leptons, etc. Not enough CP violation to get from the Big Bang to today’s world No gravity. (dominates dynamics at planetary scales) No dark matter. (essential for understanding galactic-scale dynamics) No dark energy. (essential for understanding expansion of the universe) What we call the SM is only +gravity part of a larger model. +dark matter +dark energy The astrophysical observations are compelling, but only hint at the nature of dark matter and energy. We can look but not touch! To extend the SM, we need more BSM evidence (or tight constraints) from controlled experiments4 . The Quark Weak Vector Charges p Qw is the neutral-weak analog of the proton’s electric charge Note the traditional roles of the proton and neutron are almost reversed: ie, neutron weak charge is dominant, proton weak charge is almost zero. This suppression of the proton weak charge in the SM makes it a sensitive way to: 2 •measure sin θW at low energies, and •search for evidence of new PV interactions between electrons and light quarks. 5 2 Running of sin θW 2 But sin θW is determined much better at the Z pole. -
PDF Version for Printing
Fermilab Today Thursday, Feb. 11, 2010 Calendar Photo of the Day Fermilab Result of the Week Have a safe day! Fermilab kicks off lab's Seeing clearly with photons Thursday, Feb. 11 Engineers Week 2010 1:30-4 p.m. Special LPC lecture - One West Speaker: Dan Green, Fermilab Title:Early LHC Data 2:30 p.m. Theoretical Physics Seminar - Curia II Speaker: Elvira Gamiz, Fermilab Title: Phenomenology of Fermilab's engineers gather for a group photo in Neutral B-Meson Mixing and celebration of Engineers Week 2010. Decays Constants To kick off Engineers Week at Fermilab on 3:30 p.m. Wednesday, Feb. 10, Director Pier Oddone Events in which two photons are produced are DIRECTOR'S COFFEE addressed all engineers at a talk in Ramsey natural laboratories in which to study collisions Auditorium. BREAK - 2nd Flr X-Over between quarks. These studies can unambiguously 4 p.m. rule out certain theoretical calculations. Accelerator Physics and Oddone gave an overview of Fermilab's future projects and highlighted how crucial engineers With Valentine’s Day just around the corner, this Technology Seminar - One are to the laboratory. Result of the Week draws what might seem an West unlikely analogy between physics and dating. Speaker: Eliana Gianfelice- "All the big dreams we can cook up would not Wendt, Fermilab be realized if we didn't have your help," he Contrary to Mom’s best advice, some people on Title: Abort Gap Cleaning at said. a first date might try to appear smarter, richer or LHC better than they really are. Indeed, a big point of Fermilab's Engineers Week celebration will dating is to see through the façade to get a Friday, Feb. -
TRIUMF & Canadian Scientists Help Measure Proton's Weak Charge
Canada’s national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics Laboratoire national canadien pour la recherche en physique nucléaire et en physique des particules News Release | For Immediate Release | 17 Sep 2013, 5:00 p.m. PDT TRIUMF & Canadian Scientists Help Measure Proton’s Weak Charge (Newport News, VA, USA) --- An international team including Canadian researchers at TRIUMF has reported first results for the proton’s weak charge in Physical Review Letters (to appear in the October 18, 2013 issue) based on precise new data from Jefferson Laboratory, the premier U.S. electron-beam facility for nuclear and particle physics in Newport News, Virginia. The Q-weak experiment used a high-energy electron beam to measure the weak charge of the proton—a fundamental property that sets the scale of its interactions via the weak nuclear force. This is distinct from but analogous to its more familiar electric charge (Q), hence, the experiment’s name: ‘Q-weak.’ Following a decade of design and construction, Q-weak had a successful experimental run in 2010–12 in Hall C at Jefferson Laboratory. Data analysis has been underway ever since. “Nobody has ever attempted a measurement of the proton’s weak charge before,” says Roger Carlini, Q- weak’s spokesperson at Jefferson Laboratory, “due to the extreme technical challenges to reach the required sensitivity. The first 4% of the data have now been fully analyzed and already have an important scientific impact, although the ultimate sensitivity awaits analysis of the complete experiment.” The first result, based on Q-weak’s commissioning data set, is Q_W^p= 0.064 ± 0.012. -
The Theory of Everything: the Quest to Explain All Reality
Topic Subtopic Science & Mathematics Physics The Theory of Everything The Quest to Explain All Reality Course Guidebook Professor Don Lincoln Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory topaudiobooks.ir PUBLISHED BY: THE GREAT COURSES Corporate Headquarters 4840 Westfields Boulevard, Suite 500 Chantilly, Virginia 20151-2299 Phone: 1-800-832-2412 Fax: 703-378-3819 www.thegreatcourses.com Copyright © The Teaching Company, 2017 Printed in the United States of America This book is in copyright. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in topaudiobooks.iror introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of The Teaching Company. DON LINCOLN, PH.D. SENIOR SCIENTIST FERMI NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY on Lincoln is a Senior Scientist at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. His research time has been divided between studying Ddata from the Tevatron Collider (until it closed in 2011) and data from the CERN Large Hadron Collider, located outside of Geneva, Switzerland. Dr. Lincoln is also a Guest Professor of High Energy Physics at the University of Notre Dame. He received his Ph.D. in Experimental Particle Physics from Rice University. Dr. Lincoln is the coauthor of more than 1000 scientific publications that range over subjects from microscopic black holes and extra dimensions to the elusive Higgs boson. His most noteworthy scientific accomplishments include being part of the teams that discovered the top quark in 1995 and confirmed the Higgs boson in 2012. Dr. Lincoln is interested in everything about particle physics and cosmology, but his most burning interest is in understanding the reasons for why there are so many known subatomic building blocks.topaudiobooks.ir He searches for possible constituents of the quarks and leptons, which are treated in the standard model of particle physics as featureless and point-like particles. -
Neutrino Masses-How to Add Them to the Standard Model
he Oscillating Neutrino The Oscillating Neutrino of spatial coordinates) has the property of interchanging the two states eR and eL. Neutrino Masses What about the neutrino? The right-handed neutrino has never been observed, How to add them to the Standard Model and it is not known whether that particle state and the left-handed antineutrino c exist. In the Standard Model, the field ne , which would create those states, is not Stuart Raby and Richard Slansky included. Instead, the neutrino is associated with only two types of ripples (particle states) and is defined by a single field ne: n annihilates a left-handed electron neutrino n or creates a right-handed he Standard Model includes a set of particles—the quarks and leptons e eL electron antineutrino n . —and their interactions. The quarks and leptons are spin-1/2 particles, or weR fermions. They fall into three families that differ only in the masses of the T The left-handed electron neutrino has fermion number N = +1, and the right- member particles. The origin of those masses is one of the greatest unsolved handed electron antineutrino has fermion number N = 21. This description of the mysteries of particle physics. The greatest success of the Standard Model is the neutrino is not invariant under the parity operation. Parity interchanges left-handed description of the forces of nature in terms of local symmetries. The three families and right-handed particles, but we just said that, in the Standard Model, the right- of quarks and leptons transform identically under these local symmetries, and thus handed neutrino does not exist. -
The Search for Supersymmetry
The Search for Supersymmetry • Introduction the Standard Model of Particle Physics • Introduction to Collider Physics • Successes of the Standard Model • What the Standard Model Does Not Do • Physics Beyond the Standard Model • Introduction to Supersymmetry • Searching for Supersymmetry • Dark Matter Searches • Future Prospects • Other Scenarios • Summary Peter Krieger, Carleton University, August 2000 Force Unifications Standard Model does NOT account magnetism for gravitational interactions Maxwell electromagnetism electricity electroweak S T A Planck Scale (or Planck Mass) weak interactions N D A is defined as the energy scale at R GUT D which gravitational interactions M O become of the same strength as D E SM interactions strong interactions L TOE celestial movement gravitation Newton terrestrial movement - - - MEW MGUT Mplanck The Standard Model Describes the FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES and their INTERACTIONS All known FORCES are mediated by PARTICLE EXCHANGE a a Effective strength of an interaction depends on X • the coupling strength at the vertex αα • the mass of the exchanged particle MX a a Force Effective Strength Process Strong 100 Nuclear binding Electromagnetic 10-2 Electron-nucleus binding Weak 10-5 Radioactive β decay The Standard Model SPIN-½ MATTER PARTICLES interact via the exchange of SPIN-1 BOSONS MATTER PARTICLES – three generations of quarks and leptons |Q| m < m < m ⎛ e ⎞ ⎛ µ ⎞ ⎛ τ ⎞ 1 e µ τ Mass increases with generation: ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ m = 0 ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ν ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ν ⎝ν e ⎠ ⎝ µ ⎠ ⎝ν τ ⎠ 0 Mu,d ~ 0.3 GeV ⎛u⎞ ⎛c⎞ ⎛ t ⎞ 2 ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ 3 Each quark comes in 1 three ‘colour’ changes Mt ~ 170 GeV ⎝d⎠ ⎝s⎠ ⎝b⎠ 3 GAUGE BOSONS – mediate the interaction of the fundamental fermions γ 1 Gauge particle of electromagnetism (carries no electric charge) W ± ,Z 0 3 Gauge particles of the weak interaction (each carries weak charge) g 8 Gauge particles of the strong interaction (each gluon carries a colour and an anti-colour charge charge) All Standard Model fermions and gauge bosons have been experimentally observed There is one more particle in the SM – the Higgs Boson. -
Introducing the Large Hadron Collider to Its Stakeholders
Metascience DOI 10.1007/s11016-015-0012-2 BOOK REVIEW Introducing the world’s most famous particle accelerator to its stakeholders Don Lincoln: The Large Hadron Collider: The extraordinary story of the Higgs Boson and other stuff that will blow your mind. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 2014, xii+223pp, $29.95 HB Naomi Pasachoff1 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015 Don Lincoln, author of this introduction to the Large Hadron Collider, has written other books bent on clarifying concepts of particle physics to the general reader. An experimental particle physicist at both Fermilab and CERN, he knows whereof he speaks. Lincoln’s explanatory skills earned him the 2013 European Physical Society’s High Energy Particle Physics Board’s Outreach Award ‘‘for communi- cating in multiple media the excitement of High Energy Physics to high-school students and teachers, and the public at large.’’ Knowing these things, when picking up this compact book of eight chapters, the reader should expect to find it written in accessible language and an engaging manner. I regret to report, however, that, while every page conveys the author’s enthusiasm for what he does, the book’s reading level is very uneven. Marketed as a trade book and not as a textbook, much of the book is perfectly comprehensible to the average reader of, say, The New York Times or New Scientist. The second half of the book, however, has enough very technical sections to scare off less dedicated general readers. Lincoln’s awareness of the issue ‘‘of having a diverse readership’’ (23) is not hidden. -
Weak Interactioninteraction
WeakWeak InteractionInteraction OutlineOutline Introduction to weak interactions Charged current (CC) interactions Neutral current (NC) Weak vector bosons W± and Z0 Weak charged interactions Beta decay Flavour changing charged current W± boson propagator Fermi coupling constant Parity violation Muon decay Decay rate /lifetime Lepton Universality W± boson couplings for leptons Tau decays Weak quark decays W± boson couplings for quarks Cabibbo angle, CKM mechanism Spectator model Nuclear and Particle Physics Franz Muheim 1 IntroductionIntroduction Weak Interactions Account for large variety of physical processes Muon and Tau decays, Neutrino interactions Decays of lightest mesons and baryons Z0 and W± boson production at √s ~ O(100 GeV) Natural radioactivity, fission, fusion (sun) Major Characteristics Long lifetimes Small cross sections (not always) “Quantum Flavour Dynamics” Charged Current (CC) Neutral Current (NC) mediated by exchange of W± boson Z0 boson Intermediate vector bosons MW = 80.4 GeV ± 0 W and Z have mass MZ = 91.2 GeV Self Interactions of W± and Z0 also W± and γ Nuclear and Particle Physics Franz Muheim 2 BetaBeta DecayDecay Weak Nuclear Decays See also Nuclear Physics Recall β+ = e+ β- = e- Continuous energy spectrum of e- or e+ Î 3-body decay, Pauli postulates neutrino, 1930 Interpretation Fermi, 1932 Bound n or p decay − n → pe ν e ⎛ − t ⎞ N(t) = N(0)exp⎜ ⎟ ⎝ τ n ⎠ p → ne +ν (bound p) τ n = 885.7 ± 0.8 s e 32 τ 1 = τ n ln 2 = 613.9 ± 0.6 s τ p > 10 y (p stable) 2 Modern quark level picture Weak charged current mediated -
Supersymmetry Lecture Notes for FYS5190/FYS9190
Supersymmetry Lecture notes for FYS5190/FYS9190 Paul Batzing and Are Raklev December 4, 2015 2 Contents 1 Introduction 7 2 Groups and algebras 9 2.1 Whatisagroup?.................................. 9 2.2 Representations................................. 12 2.3 Liegroups...................................... 13 2.4 Liealgebras..................................... 15 2.5 Exercises ...................................... 16 3 The Poincar´ealgebra and its extensions 19 3.1 TheLorentzGroup................................. 19 3.2 ThePoincar´egroup ............................... 20 3.3 The Casimir operators of the Poincar´egroup . ........ 20 3.4 The no-go theorem and graded Lie algebras . ...... 22 3.5 Weylspinors .................................... 23 3.6 The Casimir operators of the super-Poincar´ealgebra . ............ 25 3.7 Representations of the superalgebra . ....... 26 3.8 Exercises ...................................... 28 4 Superspace 31 4.1 Superspacecalculus .............................. 31 4.2 Superspacedefinition.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 33 4.3 Covariantderivatives. 35 4.4 Superfields ..................................... 35 4.4.1 Scalarsuperfields.............................. 36 4.4.2 Vectorsuperfields. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37 4.5 Supergauge ..................................... 38 4.6 Exercises ...................................... 39 5 Construction of a low-energy SUSY Lagrangian 41 5.1 Supersymmetry invariant Lagrangians . ....... 41 5.2 Albaniangaugetheories . 42 5.3 Non-Abelian gauge theories . 43 5.4 Supersymmetricfieldstrength.