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Wissensorganisation Und -Repräsentation Mit Digitalen Technologien

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Wissensorganisation Und -Repräsentation Mit Digitalen Technologien Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2014 Wissensorganisation und -repräsentation mit digitalen Technologien Edited by: Keller, Stefan A ; Schneider, René ; Volk, Benno Abstract: Im Sammelband werden die sehr unterschiedlichen konzeptionellen und technologischen Ver- fahren zur Modellierung und digitalen Repräsentation von Wissen in Wissensorganisationen (Hochschulen, Forschungseinrichtungen und Bildungsinstitutionen) sowie in Unternehmen anhand von praxisorientierten Beispielen in einer Zusammenschau vorgestellt. Dabei werden sowohl grundlegende Modelle der Organisa- tion von Wissen als auch technische Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten sowie deren Grenzen und Schwierigkeiten in der Praxis insbesondere in den Bereichen der Wissensrepräsentation und des Semantic Web ausgelotet. Good practice Beispiele und erfolgreiche Anwendungsszenarien aus der Praxis bieten dem Leser einen Wis- sensspeicher sowie eine Anleitung zur Realisierung von eigenen Vorhaben. Folgende Themenfelder werden in den Beiträgen behandelt: Hypertextbasiertes Wissensmanagement, digitale Optimierung der erprobten analogen Technologie des Zettelkastens, innovative Wissensorganisation mittels Social Media, Such- prozessvisualisierung für Digitale Bibliotheken, semantische Event- und Wissensvisualisierung, ontologis- che Mindmaps und Wissenslandkarten, intelligente semantische Wissensverarbeitungssysteme, Grundla- gen der computergestützten Wissensorganisation und -integration, das Konzept von Mega-Regions zur Unterstützung von Suchprozessen und zum Management von Printpublikationen in Bibliotheken, automa- tisierte Kodierung medizinischer Diagnosen sowie Beiträge zum Records Management zur Modellbildung und Bearbeitung von Geschäftsprozessen. Other titles: Knowledge organization and representation with digital technology Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-98939 Edited Scientific Work Originally published at: Wissensorganisation und -repräsentation mit digitalen Technologien. Edited by: Keller, Stefan A; Schnei- der, René; Volk, Benno (2014). Berlin: De Gruyter. Wissensorganisation und -repräsentation mit digitalen Technologien Bereitgestellt von | UZH Hauptbibliothek / Zentralbibliothek Zürich Angemeldet | [email protected] Heruntergeladen am | 19.08.14 08:54 Bibliotheks- und Informationspraxis Herausgegeben von Klaus Gantert und Ulrike Junger Band 55 Bereitgestellt von | UZH Hauptbibliothek / Zentralbibliothek Zürich Angemeldet | [email protected] Heruntergeladen am | 19.08.14 08:54 Wissensorganisation und -repräsentation mit digitalen Technologien Herausgegeben von Stefan Andreas Keller, René Schneider und Benno Volk Bereitgestellt von | UZH Hauptbibliothek / Zentralbibliothek Zürich Angemeldet | [email protected] Heruntergeladen am | 19.08.14 08:54 Bibliotheks- und Informationspraxis ab Band 42: Herausgegeben von Klaus Gantert und Ulrike Junger Das moderne Bibliotheks- und Informationswesen setzt sich mit vielfältigen Anforderungen auseinander und entwickelt sich ständig weiter. Die Reihe Bibliotheks- und Informationspraxis greift neue Themen und Fragestellungen auf und will mit Informationen und Erfahrungen aus der Praxis dazu beitragen, Betriebsabläufe und Dienstleistungen von Bibliotheken und vergleichba- ren Einrichtungen optimal zu gestalten. Die Reihe richtet sich an alle, die in Bibliotheken oder auf anderen Gebieten der Informations- vermittlung tätig sind. ISBN 978-3-11-031270-6 e-ISBN 978-3-11-031281-2 ISSN 2195-3587 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2014 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Satz: Michael Peschke, Berlin Druck und Bindung: CPI buch bücher.de GmbH, Birkach ♾ Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Bereitgestellt von | UZH Hauptbibliothek / Zentralbibliothek Zürich Angemeldet | [email protected] Heruntergeladen am | 19.08.14 08:54 Inhalt Stefan Andreas Keller, René Schneider, Benno Volk Die Digitalisierung des philosophischen Zettelkastens 1 Wissensorganisation und Literaturverwaltung Stefan Andreas Keller, Philipp Sarasin Digitale Wissensräume. Möglichkeiten der hypertextbasierten Wissensorganisation am Beispiel von Litlink 23 Markus Krajewski Synapsen. Zur Geschichte, Theorie und Praxis von (elektronischen) Zettelkästen 39 William Gunn How Mendeley leverages social signals from domain experts to organize the world’s knowledge 53 Visualisierung von Wissensräumen Wilko van Hoek, Philipp Mayr Assessing Visualization Techniques for the Search Process in Digital Libraries 63 Oliver Michel, Damian Läge Congress Map – semantische Orientierung bei Kongressen durch die Hofmethode 86 Lukas Stähli Thinkmap: Plattformübergreifende Visualisierung interaktiver Wissensnetzwerke 98 Bereitgestellt von | UZH Hauptbibliothek / Zentralbibliothek Zürich Angemeldet | [email protected] Heruntergeladen am | 05.09.14 17:39 VI Inhalt Services zur Wissensorganisaton und -repräsentation Johannes Busse Semantische Modelle mit Mindmaps 115 Walter Diggelmann, Martin Kopp „Wissensrepräsentation und –organisation“ aus dem Blickwinkel von Bibliotheken, der Wissenschaft und aus der Praxis in internationalen Unternehmen 128 Damian Läge, Roland Streule Der Educational Landscapes Profiler (edulap) 146 Reinhard Keil Wissensintegrationsprozesse und verteilte Wissensorganisation 162 Brian Lavoie, Constance Malpas, J.D. Shipengrover Print management at “mega-scale”— a regional perspective on print book collections in North America 180 Wissensorganisation und -repräsentation in Unternehmen Hans Rudolf Straub Wissensrepräsentation in der Medizin: Über Semantik zum Code 205 Othmar Zihlmann Die Berücksichtigung von Records in der Analyse von Geschäftsprozessen 227 Peter Toebak Records Management, Ordnungssystem und MoReq2010. Zu viel Barock, zu wenig Austerität? 253 Autorenverzeichnis 279 Register 282 Bereitgestellt von | UZH Hauptbibliothek / Zentralbibliothek Zürich Angemeldet | [email protected] Heruntergeladen am | 05.09.14 17:39 Stefan Andreas Keller, René Schneider, Benno Volk Die Digitalisierung des philosophischen Zettelkastens Die in den 1970er Jahren einsetzende Revolution des Mikrochips sowie der in den 1990er Jahren beginnende Einzug des Internets und insbesondere des World Wide Web in unsere Lebensrealität hat dazu geführt, dass genuin geisteswis- senschaftliche Domänen zunehmend von der Informationstechnologie und der Informatik als wissenschaftliche Disziplin besetzt werden. Das Thema der Wis- sensorganisation und Wissensrepräsentation ist ein solches Beispiel. Die Formen der Organisation von Informationen sowie der Repräsentation von Wissen sind – im heutigen Zeitalter des Semantic Web – brandaktuelle Themen, die aufgrund der zunehmenden digitalen Datenflut immer zentraler werden, Fragen aufwerfen und nach Lösungen drängen. Diese scheinbare „Usurpation“ des Wissens durch das Digitale und den sich damit beschäftigenden Wissenschaftsbereichen verkompliziert nochmals das an sich schon sehr komplexe Feld, da immer mehr Akteure unterschiedlichster Couleur hineindrängen. Es handelt sich um ein weit verzweigtes Gebiet mit einer langen Vorgeschichte weitab jeder Digitalität. Der Versuch, Wissen zu karto- graphieren, zu systematisieren und die Systematik darzustellen, gehört zu den grundlegendsten anthropologischen Konstanten der Menschheitsgeschichte. „Das Problem, die ‚Welt‘, also die Gesamtheit der Wirklichkeit in ihrer aktuel- len Breite und geschichtlichen Tiefe geistig in den Griff zu bekommen, d.h. ein Gesamtwissen darüber zu erwerben und besitzen zu können, ist ein Anliegen des Menschen seit eh und je gewesen und wird es auch immer bleiben“, formuliert es beispielsweise ein Mitglied der „International Society for Knowledge Organiza- tion“ (Dahlberg, 1974, S. 1). Kombiniert mit der ebenfalls anthropologischen Tatsache, dass Wissen immer von Menschen erschaffen und deshalb subjektiv und perspektivisch bleiben muss, hat dies zur Konsequenz, dass es verschiedene, miteinander kon- kurrierende Wissensordnungen sowie Repräsentationssysteme und -technolo- gien geben muss. Zudem wirken diese Systeme, einmal entwickelt, wiederum auf das enthaltene Wissen ein und verändern dieses (Kiel & Rost, 2002). Im wohl berühmtesten Beispiel einer modernen (d.h. erstmals „rein vernunftbasierten“) Wissensordnung, der „Encyclopédie des sciences, des arts et des métiers“ von Denis Diderot und Jean d’Alembert aus dem 18. Jahrhundert,1 führten dies die 1 Diderot, D. & d’Alembert, J. (Hg.): Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Arts et des Métiers, par une société des gens des lettres [...]. Paris: Briasson, David, Le Berton, Bereitgestellt von | UZH Hauptbibliothek / Zentralbibliothek Zürich Angemeldet | [email protected] Heruntergeladen am | 05.09.14 17:39 2 Stefan Andreas Keller, René Schneider, Benno Volk Herausgeber vor Augen, indem sie Verweise (frz.: renvois) zwischen den verschie- denen Artikeln teilweise mit bewusst politischer Absicht setzten (z.B. der Verweis von Menschenfresserei auf Eucharistie und Kommunion). Die Leser
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