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Presente Y Futuro De La Tecnología Voip De Volte a 5G

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Presente Y Futuro De La Tecnología Voip De Volte a 5G Presente y futuro de la tecnología VoIP: De VoLTE a 5G Voice Beatriz Alonso Devesa Máster en Ingeniería de Telecomunicación Sistemas de comunicación Víctor Martínez Illamola Carlos Monzo Sánchez Con formato: Fuente: Negrita, Español (España - 30 de Mayo de 2021 alfabetización tradicional) Esta obra está sujeta a una licencia de Reconocimiento-NoComercial- SinObraDerivada 3.0 España de Creative Commons . 2 FICHA DEL TRABAJO FINAL Presente y futuro de la tecnología VoIP: De Título del trabajo: VoLTE a 5G Voice Nombre del autor: Beatriz Alonso Devesa Nombre del consultor/a: Víctor Martínez Illamola Nombre del PRA: Carlos Monzo Sánchez Fecha de entrega (mm/aaaa): 05/2021 Titulación: Máster en Ingeniería de Telecomunicación Área del Trabajo Final: Sistemas de comunicación Idioma del trabajo: Español Palabras clave VoIP VoLTE, 5G, comunicación, IMS Resumen del Trabajo (máximo 250 palabras): Con la finalidad, contexto de aplicación, metodología, resultados i conclusiones del trabajo. La tecnología móvil lleva en la sociedad desde la década de los 70, sufriendo cambios hasta llegar a lo que conocemos actualmente, estos cambios no solo son en cuanto a las prestaciones de los dispositivos móviles (mejor cámara o batería) si no que las redes han ido evolucionando y con ello se va implementado una tecnología actualmente muy diferente de la original que va avanzando rápidamente con el paso de los años. La evolución de la tecnología es lo que me ha llevado a querer conocer más a fondo cuales son los nodos necesarios para la realización de llamadas sobre VoIP, sus inconvenientes y conocer que aportará el 5G a los servicios de VoIP. El objetivo es tener una visión general de le evolución de las redes de VoIP hasta el actual 5G, recopilando información de los estándares, características, Comentado [MIV1]: Centrate en la evolucion pero en diferencias, etc entre todas ellas, centrándose en principalmente en voz sobre referencia al tema que tratas VoIP. Puedes repasar un poco la evolución general pero a nivel basico, sinó nos IP, concretamente en voz sobre 4G (LTE), el actual VoLTE, ya que es el que vamos a perder. Tenemos que centrarnos en VoIP actualmente utilizamos cuando realizamos llamadas a través de un dispositivo móvil. Se pretende realizar una investigación de los nodos utilizados para la VoIP actual, conocer las debilidades de esta red para exponer que pretende ofrecer el 5G, que va a suponer y el impacto que va a tener tanto social como tecnológicamente. i Abstract (in English, 250 words or less): Mobile technology has been in society since the 70s, undergoing changes until we reach what we know today, these changes are not only in terms of the benefits of mobile devices (better camera or battery) but also that the networks have It has evolved and with this, a technology that is currently very different from the original is implemented, which is advancing rapidly over the years. The evolution of technology is what has led me to want to know more in depth which are the nodes necessary for making calls over VoIP, their drawbacks and to know what 5G will contribute to VoIP services. The objective is to have an overview of the evolution of VoIP networks up to the current 5G, gathering information on the standards, characteristics, differences, etc. between all of them, focusing on mainly voice over IP, specifically voice over 4G (LTE), the current VoLTE, since it is the one we currently use when we make calls through a mobile device. It is intended to carry out an investigation of the nodes used for current VoIP, to know the weaknesses of this network to expose what 5G intends to offer, what it will mean and the impact that it will have both socially and technologically. ii Índice 1. Introducción .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Contexto y justificación del Trabajo ........................................................... 1 1.2 Objetivos del Trabajo ................................................................................. 1 1.3 Enfoque y método seguido ........................................................................ 2 1.4 Planificación del Trabajo ........................................................................... 3 1.5 Breve sumario de productos obtenidos ..................................................... 6 1.6 Breve descripción de los otros capítulos de la memoria............................ 6 2. Estado del arte ............................................................................................... 7 2.1 Introducción ............................................................................................... 7 2.2 La evolución de las redes de comunicación móvil: del 1G al 5G ............... 7 2.4 El 5G Voice ............................................................................................. 10 2.5 El 5G Voice frente al VoLTE .................................................................... 11 2.6 Proyectos relacionados con VoLTE y 5G Voice ...................................... 12 3. Evolución de la voIP ..................................................................................... 14 4. Estudio de la situación actual VoLTE ........................................................... 16 4.1 Características del servicio VoLTE .......................................................... 18 4.2 Prestaciones del servicio VoLTE ............................................................. 19 4.3 Arquitectura del servicio VoLTE .............................................................. 19 4.3.1 Arquitectura de transporte ............................................................... 21 4.3.2 Arquitectura de servicio................................................................... 24 4.3.3 Arquitectura de aplicación ............................................................... 27 5. Protocolos de comunicación ......................................................................... 29 5.1 Protocolo SIP ....................................................................................... 30 5.2 Protocolo Diameter .................................................................................. 33 5.3 Protocolo GTP ......................................................................................... 34 5.4 Protocolo Megaco ................................................................................... 34 6. Casos prácticos de VoLTE ........................................................................... 35 6.1 Llamada usuario VoLTE-> VoLTE ........................................................... 39 6.2 Conclusiones ........................................................................................... 45 7. 5G Voice....................................................................................................... 46 7.1 Características de 5G Voice .................................................................... 47 7.2 Arquitectura del 5G Voice ........................................................................ 51 7.2.1 Arquitectura 5G NSA NR ................................................................ 51 7.2.2 Arquitectura 5G NR Y 5GC SA. ...................................................... 52 7.2.2.1 Arquitectura de transporte .................................................... 52 7.2.2.1 Arquitectura de servicio ........................................................ 54 7.2.2.1 Arquitectura de aplicación .................................................... 54 8 Comparación 5G Voice y VoLTE ................................................................... 55 9 Estudio de mercado de las expectativas de los usuarios .............................. 57 9.1 Resultados obtenidos .............................................................................. 57 9.2 Conclusiones ........................................................................................... 59 10 Propuestas de mejora para el 5G Voice ...................................................... 61 11. Conclusiones .............................................................................................. 63 12. Siglas y Acrónimos ..................................................................................... 65 13.Bibliografia ................................................................................................... 68 iii Índice de tablas Tabla 1: El apoyo del 5G a las TICs ................................................................. 11 Tabla 2: Comparación VoLTE- 5G Voice[Elaboración propia] ......................... 12 Tabla 3: Dispositivos compatibles con VoLTE [Elaboración propia] ................. 18 Tabla 4: Interfaces arquitectura de transporte E-UTRAN [Elaboración propia] 22 Tabla 5: Interfaces arquitectura de transporte EPC [Elaboración propia] ......... 24 Tabla 6: Interfaces arquitectura de servicio [Elaboración propia] ..................... 27 Tabla 7: Interfaces de Aplicación [Elaboración propia] ..................................... 28 Tabla 8: Características 5G Voice SA vs VoLTE [elaboración propia] ............. 55 Tabla 9: Funciones de red 5G Voice vs VoLTE [elaboración propia] ............... 56 Tabla 10: Respuestas encuesta (pregunta 2)................................................... 58 Tabla 11: Respuestas encuesta (pregunta 3)................................................... 58 Tabla 12: Respuestas a la encuesta (pregunta 4) ............................................ 58 Tabla 13: Respuestas a la encuesta (pregunta 5) ...........................................
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