DOCSLIB.ORG

The Great War the Great War

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Great War the Great War The Great War The Great War Indian Writings on the First World War Edited and introduced by Rakhshanda Jalil BLOOMSBURY INDIA Bloomsbury Publishing India Pvt. Ltd Second Floor, LSC Building No. 4, DDA Complex, Pocket C – 6 & 7, Vasant Kunj New Delhi 110070 BLOOMSBURY, BLOOMSBURY INDIA and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published in India 2019 This edition published 2019 Copyright © Rakhshanda Jalil, 2019 Illustration © Malini Saigal Rakhshanda Jalil has asserted her right under the Indian Copyright Act to be identified as Author of this work All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers Bloomsbury Publishing Plc does not have any control over, or responsibility for, any third-party websites referred to or in this book. All internet addresses given in this book were correct at the time of going to press. The author and publisher regret any inconvenience caused if addresses have changed or sites have ceased to exist, but can accept no responsibility for any such changes ISBN: HB: 978-9-3882-7126-4; eBook: 978-9-3882-7128-8 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 Created by Manipal Digital Systems Printed and bound in India Bloomsbury Publishing Plc makes every effort to ensure that the papers used in the manufacture of our books are natural, recyclable products made from wood grown in well-managed forests. Our manufacturing processes conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. To find out more about our authors and books visit www.bloomsbury.com and sign up for our newsletters This volume is dedicated to the remarkable Maulana Hasrat Mohani, the poet-politician who features in these pages, who lived through the Great War, who was amongst the earliest votaries of complete independence for India, and who gave the enduring cry of ‘Inquilab Zindabad!’ to revolutionaries the world over. CONTENTS Introduction Prose The Roots of War Rabindranath Tagore The Weary Generations Abdullah Hussein She Had Said Chandradhar Sharma Guleri The Great War in Europe and the Role of the Hyderabad Imperial Service Troops Lt-Col Azmatullah Khan Unfettered Kazi Nazrul Islam Reaction to Turkish Politics Mohamed Ali Across the Black Waters Mulk Raj Anand Jangnama Europe Raman Singh Chhina Punjabi Folk Songs on World War I Amarjit Chandan Poetry The Gift of India Sarojini Naidu Jang-e Europe aur Hindustani Shibli Nomani Watan ka Raag Brij Narain Chakbast Montagu Reforms Hasrat Mohani Shikast-e Zindaan ka Khwaab Josh Malihabadi From the Kulliyat Akbar Allahabadi Tasveer-e Dard Muhammad Iqbal Angrezi Zehn ki Tezi Ahmaq Phaphoondvi Azadi ka Bigul Zafar Ali Khan Shukriya Europe Agha Hashar Kashmiri Bibliography About the Contributors Introduction The Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), the Balkan Wars (in 1912 and 1913), the First World War (1914–1918) and the developments on the eve of and in the aftermath of the Khilafat Movement (1919–1922) had a profound effect on Indian politics and, by extension, Indian literature. The Japanese victory over Russia was seen as a significant landmark in galvanising the Asian nations against the hegemony of the European powers. Jawaharlal Nehru, in his autobiography, captured the excitement of those years: ‘Japanese victories stirred up my enthusiasm and I waited eagerly for papers for fresh news daily… Nationalistic ideas filled my mind. I mused of Indian freedom and Asiatic freedom from the thralldom of Europe.’1 The Japanese victory inspired Asian leaders and stiffened their resolve to end colonial domination. In India, the extremists led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak2 felt vindicated, for they had all along rejected the politics of mendicancy or subservience in favour of radical activism. Tilak and Aurobindo Ghose began to challenge the existing Indian National Congress leadership with a new ideology that combined Hindu revivalism and a far more militant political activism than the stalwarts within the Congress, India’s then-largest political party, had hitherto been used to. Content to secure greater Indian participation in existing systems of governance, the Congress was, till then, an elitist, amorphous sort of organisation. Before we come to the Great War, as the First World War is referred to in contemporary accounts, let us briefly look at some more significant events in the years leading up to it. First, there was the draconian Press Act of 1913 that forced many a nationalist newspaper out of business; Hasrat Mohani’s Urdu-e-Moalla and the Tauhid, which had their security deposits confiscated in 1913, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad’s al- Hilal and Maulana Mohamed Ali Jauhar’s Comrade were forced to shut shop in 1914. The Ali brothers were imprisoned in 1915, followed, a year later, by Mohani and Maulana Azad for writing/publishing seditious material. All this came directly as a result of the Press Act. Gagged and bound, the voices that were beginning to call out for freedom were methodically identified and the agitators silenced, while the British expended all efforts in extracting the maximum possible ‘help’ from India. Then, there were the two Balkan Wars and their effects on Indian writers and poets, especially in Urdu. In a rejoinder to his own famous poem Shikwa (Complaint), Jawab-e- Shikwa (Answer to the Complaint), Muhammad Iqbal wrote: The trouble that is raging in the Balkans Is a message of awakening to the forgetful Thou may’st think it the means of vexing thy heart But in reality it is a test of thy self-sacrifice and self-reliance Why art thou frightened at the neighing of the enemy’s horse? Truth’s light can never be put out by the breath of the enemy Shibli Nomani’s Hungama-e-Balqaan is perhaps more powerful because it is more restrained, more aware of the far-reaching implications of the trouble in the Balkans: When decline has set in over political power, The name and banner will stand how long? The smoke from the burnt candle of A vanished assembly will rise how long? When the sky has torn the mantle of power to pieces, Its shreds will float in the air how long? Gone is Morocco, gone is Persia. We have now to see This helpless sick man of Turkey will live how long? This tide of woe which is advancing from the Balkans, The sighs of the oppressed will stem how long? Shibli! Should you long to migrate, where can you go now? Syria or Najd or Gyrene are sanctuaries how long? Shortly thereafter, war broke out and India found itself drawn into it without fully comprehending its consequences. The Viceroy of India, Lord Hardinge, declared that India also was at war, without consulting any Indian political leaders. The news of the war was received enthusiastically not just by the native princes but ironically also by the political bourgeoisie and educated middle classes who were quick to pledge loyalty and support. The only pockets of resistance were offered by the Ghadar Party, settled mostly in North America and Canada, and by scattered groups of emigres and political revolutionaries who came together to form the so-called Berlin Indian Independence Committee. Initially, the war did not affect most of India save for sporadic food riots, occasional skirmishes and moderate nationalist demands, which rose to a crescendo only by 1918. There were, of course, stories of bereavement, of women being left alone as their men went to battle, especially in Punjab, but they did not impinge on the larger Indian consciousness in the early days. When Turkey entered the fray on 28 October 1914 on the German side, Indian Muslims found themselves on the horns of a dilemma. On 14 November 1914, in Constantinople, the Ottoman government, in the name of Sultan Mehmed V, issued a fatwa against the Western nations, including Britain, France and Russia. What were Indian Muslims to do? Should they continue to serve under the British as loyal subjects? Should they fight their religious brethren? It was a tightrope walk between loyalty and religious duty, between need and opportunity. On the one hand, Indian Muslims hated the British for the role they had played in dismantling the Ottoman Empire and resentment had been brewing for the Balkan Wars; on the other hand, they were willing to be seduced by the promises held out by the British in return for their support on the Allied warfront as the war dragged on.3 Meanwhile, Sharif Husain, the Emir of Mecca, proclaimed himself to be the king of Hejaz on 10 June 1916. But, by virtue of a Machiavellian treaty signed between Britain and the House of Saud, Ibn al-Saud (a rival tribesman) was recognised by the former as independent sovereign of Najd, al-Hisa, Qatif and Jubayl. The British increasingly began to have a presence in the Middle East, given their virtual monopoly of the steamer ships carrying pilgrims from all over South Asia to the Hejaz as well as a stranglehold on trade and commerce. As the Great War raged in Europe, several events were unfolding in India. Of these, Mahatma Gandhi’s return to India from South Africa in 1915 is important. So is the Lucknow Pact of 1916 between the Congress and the Muslim League that promised separate electorates for Muslims. Due mention must also be made of a rising anti-British sentiment among Indian Muslims caused by a multiplicity of factors — a lingering anger over the way they had been singled out for reprisals after the Revolt of 1857; British support to the Balkan Christians; the Cawnpore Mosque incident of 1913; the rise of populist leaders such as Jamaluddin Afghani who encouraged jihad against Western domination; greater contact between Indian Muslim leaders and revolutionaries in countries such as Iraq, Egypt, Syria and Turkey; and, most significantly, the role of the Deoband ulama such as Maulana Mahmud al-Hasan who were preaching active resistance to British rule not just in India but in distant corners of the world.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • HOMERIC-ILIAD.Pdf
    Homeric Iliad Translated by Samuel Butler Revised by Soo-Young Kim, Kelly McCray, Gregory Nagy, and Timothy Power Contents Rhapsody 1 Rhapsody 2 Rhapsody 3 Rhapsody 4 Rhapsody 5 Rhapsody 6 Rhapsody 7 Rhapsody 8 Rhapsody 9 Rhapsody 10 Rhapsody 11 Rhapsody 12 Rhapsody 13 Rhapsody 14 Rhapsody 15 Rhapsody 16 Rhapsody 17 Rhapsody 18 Rhapsody 19 Rhapsody 20 Rhapsody 21 Rhapsody 22 Rhapsody 23 Rhapsody 24 Homeric Iliad Rhapsody 1 Translated by Samuel Butler Revised by Soo-Young Kim, Kelly McCray, Gregory Nagy, and Timothy Power [1] Anger [mēnis], goddess, sing it, of Achilles, son of Peleus— 2 disastrous [oulomenē] anger that made countless pains [algea] for the Achaeans, 3 and many steadfast lives [psūkhai] it drove down to Hādēs, 4 heroes’ lives, but their bodies it made prizes for dogs [5] and for all birds, and the Will of Zeus was reaching its fulfillment [telos]— 6 sing starting from the point where the two—I now see it—first had a falling out, engaging in strife [eris], 7 I mean, [Agamemnon] the son of Atreus, lord of men, and radiant Achilles. 8 So, which one of the gods was it who impelled the two to fight with each other in strife [eris]? 9 It was [Apollo] the son of Leto and of Zeus. For he [= Apollo], infuriated at the king [= Agamemnon], [10] caused an evil disease to arise throughout the mass of warriors, and the people were getting destroyed, because the son of Atreus had dishonored Khrysēs his priest. Now Khrysēs had come to the ships of the Achaeans to free his daughter, and had brought with him a great ransom [apoina]: moreover he bore in his hand the scepter of Apollo wreathed with a suppliant’s wreath [15] and he besought the Achaeans, but most of all the two sons of Atreus, who were their chiefs.
    [Show full text]
  • Women in India's Freedom Struggle
    WOMEN IN INDIA'S FREEDOM STRUGGLE When the history of India's figf^^M independence would be written, the sacrifices made by the women of India will occupy the foremost plofe. —^Mahatma Gandhi WOMEN IN INDIA'S FREEDOM STRUGGLE MANMOHAN KAUR IVISU LIBBARV STERLING PUBLISHERS PRIVATE LIMITED .>».A ^ STERLING PUBLISHERS PRIVATE LIMITED L-10, Green Park Extension, New Delhi-110016 Women in India's Freedom Strug^e ©1992, Manmohan Kaur First Edition: 1968 Second Edition: 1985 Third Edition: 1992 ISBN 81 207 1399 0 -4""D^/i- All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. PRINTED IN INDIA Published by S.K. Ghai, Managing Director, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., L-10, Green Park Extension, New Delhi-110016. Laserset at Vikas Compographics, A-1/2S6 Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi-110029. Printed at Elegant Printers. New Delhi. PREFACE This subject was chosen with a view to recording the work done by women in various phases of the freedom struggle from 1857 to 1947. In the course of my study I found that women of India, when given an opportunity, did not lag behind in any field, whether political, administrative or educational. The book covers a period of ninety years. It begins with 1857 when the first attempt for freedom was made, and ends with 1947 when India attained independence. While selecting this topic I could not foresee the difficulties which subsequently had to be encountered in the way of collecting material.
    [Show full text]
  • Nand Singh and Jangnamah Europe: Subaltern Insights on the Wars of Empire
    Nand Singh and Jangnamah Europe: Subaltern insights on the wars of Empire blogs.lse.ac.uk/southasia/2017/04/05/nand-singh-and-jangnamah-europe-subaltern-insights-on-the-wars-of- empire/ 2017-4-5 Jangnamah poetry is a literary form dating back to the 16 th century, used by Punjabi authors to narrate conflict. Here Raman Singh Chhina discusses the significance of Jangnamahs as a historical resource, highlighting one particular work which offers a unique insight on a Sikh soldier’s experience of WWI. Nand Singh, an Indian poet and soldier who witnessed the World War I fighting under the British in Aden, opens his Jangnamah Europe verse with assassination of the ‘Shehzada’ (Prince) of Austro- Hungarian Empire by the Serbians. His poem then talks about the events which led to the German invasion of Belgium and how “the compassionate British Government, stood with Belgium and France against the arrogant Germany who broke all the agreements.” Nand Singh’s work and other Jangnamahs of the British period in Punjab are valuable literary and historical narratives providing rare subaltern perspectives about the colonial wars and conflicts. Even prior to the WWI, Punjabi soldiers had fought under British in the Second Anglo-Afghan war, Anglo-Egyptian war, Second Opium war, Boxer Rebellion in China and multiple campaigns in the North West Frontier. There was very little documentation of this period “from below”, and of this limited historiography Jangnamah poetry holds a vital but largely forgotten position. Nand Singh finished Jangnamah Europe on 7 June 1919 and is arguably the first work in Punjabi discussing the European and Middle Eastern people, empires and politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 1 on Stage/ Off Stage
    lives of the women Volume 1 On Stage/ Off Stage Edited by Jerry Pinto Sophia Institute of Social Communications Media Supported by the Laura and Luigi Dallapiccola Foundation Published by the Sophia Institute of Social Communications Media, Sophia Shree B K Somani Memorial Polytechnic, Bhulabhai Desai Road, Mumbai 400 026 All rights reserved Designed by Rohan Gupta be.net/rohangupta Printed by Aniruddh Arts, Mumbai Contents Preface i Acknowledgments iii Shanta Gokhale 1 Nadira Babbar 39 Jhelum Paranjape 67 Dolly Thakore 91 Preface We’ve heard it said that a woman’s work is never done. What they do not say is that women’s lives are also largely unrecorded. Women, and the work they do, slip through memory’s net leaving large gaps in our collective consciousness about challenges faced and mastered, discoveries made and celebrated, collaborations forged and valued. Combating this pervasive amnesia is not an easy task. This book is a beginning in another direction, an attempt to try and construct the professional lives of four of Mumbai’s women (where the discussion has ventured into the personal lives of these women, it has only been in relation to the professional or to their public images). And who better to attempt this construction than young people on the verge of building their own professional lives? In learning about the lives of inspiring professionals, we hoped our students would learn about navigating a world they were about to enter and also perhaps have an opportunity to reflect a little and learn about themselves. So four groups of students of the post-graduate diploma in Social Communications Media, SCMSophia’s class of 2014 set out to choose the women whose lives they wanted to follow and then went out to create stereoscopic views of them.
    [Show full text]
  • A Crisis of Commitment: Socialist Internationalism in British Columbia During the Great War
    A Crisis of Commitment: Socialist Internationalism in British Columbia during the Great War by Dale Michael McCartney B.A., Simon Fraser University, 2004 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS In the Department of History © Dale Michael McCartney 2010 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2010 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for Fair Dealing. Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. APPROVAL Name: Dale Michael McCartney Degree: Master of Arts Title of Thesis: A Crisis of Commitment: Socialist Internationalism in British Columbia during the Great War Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Emily O‘Brien Assistant Professor of History _____________________________________________ Dr. Mark Leier Senior Supervisor Professor of History _____________________________________________ Dr. Karen Ferguson Supervisor Associate Professor of History _____________________________________________ Dr. Robert A.J. McDonald External Examiner Professor of History University of British Columbia Date Defended/Approved: ________4 March 2010___________________________ ii Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users.
    [Show full text]
  • Agha Hashar Kashmiri - Poems
    Classic Poetry Series Agha Hashar Kashmiri - poems - Publication Date: 2012 Publisher: Poemhunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive Agha Hashar Kashmiri(03 April 1879 -28 April 1945) Agha Hashar Kashmiri or Agha Hashr Kashmiri (Urdu: ??? ??? ???????) was an eminent Urdu poet, playwright and dramatist. He was also called the Shakespeare of Urdu. <b> Biography </b> Agha Hashar Kashmiri was born on 3 April 1879, in Banaras, British India. He got his initial Education there .He could not get a higher education due to lack of interest in text books. Since child hood he was interested in poetry,music but after watching few stage drammas his mind was changed toward his field. He came to Bombay at the age of 18 and started his career as a play had a full command on more than one language but familiar wid Urdu, Arabic, persian, English, Gujrati and Hindi. His first play, Aftab-e-Muhabat, was published in 1897. He started his professional career as a drama writer in the New Alfred theatrical company in Bombay, on a salary of Rs. 15 per month. Murid-e-Shak, his first play for the company, was an adaptation of Shakespeare's play The Winter's Tale. It proved a success and his wages were raised to Rs. 40 per month thereafter. In his works, Agha had experience introducing shorter songs and dialogues with idioms and poetic virtues in plays. Later, he created the Shakespeare theatrical company but could not stay in business for long. He also joined Maidan theatre – a tented theatre to accommodate large audiences – where he earned a credible name in Urdu drama and poetry.
    [Show full text]
  • The Intersection of Racial and Sexual Marginalisation and Repression in Rex Vs Singh (2008) and Seeking Single White Male (2010) by Yilong (Louie) Liu
    Confronting Ambiguity: The Intersection of Racial and Sexual Marginalisation and Repression in Rex vs Singh (2008) and Seeking Single White Male (2010) By Yilong (Louie) Liu A major research paper presented to OCAD University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In Contemporary Art, Design, and New Media Art Histories Toronto, Ontario, Canada, April 2018 ©Yilong Liu, 2018 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this major research paper. This is a true copy of the major research paper, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I authorise OCAD University to lend this major research paper to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I understand that my major research paper may be made electronically available to the public. I further authorise OCAD University to reproduce this major research paper by photocopying or by other means, in total or in part, at the request of other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. Signature___________ ii Abstract This MRP examines how Canadian filmmakers and artists explore racial and sexual marginalisation in Canada. Two films in particular exemplify different forms of racism towards South Asian immigrants. The first, Rex vs Singh (2008), an experimental documentary produced by John Greyson, Richard Fung, and Ali Kazimi, showcases the ambiguous application of immigration policies to repress South Asian immigration. Through different reconstructed montages, the film confronts these ambiguities in relation to the court case. The second, Seeking Single White Male (2010), a performance-video work by Toronto-based artist Vivek Shraya—South Asian descent, demonstrates not only the dominant racial norms and white normativity in queer communities in Toronto, but also the ambivalence in performing racial identification.
    [Show full text]
  • In This Issue
    July/August 2017 Turf NewsA publication of Turfgrass Producers International The only magazine devoted exclusively to turfgrass production Annual Seed & Vegetative Stock Issue IN THIS ISSUE Neww Varieties & Crop Predictions Varieties Available by Supplier Get to Know Your New President ... And Much More July/August 2017 Turf NewsNeA publication wof Turfgrass Producers sInternational The only magazine devoted exclusively to turfgrass production Annual Seed & Vegetative IN THIS ISSUE StockStock IssueIssssuue IN THIS ISSUE FEATURE ARTICLES Neww Varieties & Crop Predictions Varieties Available by Supplier Get to Know Your New President ... Andd Much More FOCUS: Annual Seed & Vegetative Stock Issue Cover: Annual Seed & Vegetative Stock Issue 12 Jimmy Fox—Forever on a Mission Photo by: Steve Trusty Meet your new President, his family, business and philosophy. He is on a mission to promote TURF NEWS natural grass and gain world-wide recognition for those who produce it. Vol. 41 No. 4 July/August 2017 18 Seed & Vegetative Stock—New Varieties Published by See what new varieties TPI supplier members have in store for you in the coming year. Turfgrass Producers International 444 E. Roosevelt Road #346 23 Seed & Vegetative Stock—Source Listing Lombard, IL 60148 U.S. & Canada Contact these TPI supplier members for your seed and vegetative stock needs. Tel: 800-405-8873 International Tel: 1-847-649-5555 26 Seed & Vegetative Stock—Crop Predictions Fax: 1-847-649-5678 Email: [email protected] Read what the producers are predicting for the crop this year based on current information. Website: www.TurfGrassSod.org Seed & Vegetative Stock Listings Available by Company TPI Contact Information 29 Supplier companies were invited to provide a list of available varieties and website for more details.
    [Show full text]
  • Life Stories of the Sikh Saints
    LIFE STORIES OF THE SIKH SAINTS HARBANS SINGH DOABIA Singh Brothers Antrlt•ar brr All rights of all kinds, including the rights of translation are reserved by Mrs . Harbans Singh Doabia ISBN 81-7205-143-3 First Edition February 1995 Second Edition 1998 Third Edition January 2004 Price : Rs. 80-00 Publishers : Singh Brothers • Bazar Mai Sewan, Amritsar -143 006 • S.C.O. 223-24, City Centre, Amritsar - 143 001 E-mail : [email protected] Website: www.singhbrothers.com Printers: PRINTWELL, 146, INDUSTRIAL FOCAL POINT, AMRITSAR. CONTENTS 1. LIFE STORY OF BABA NANO SINGH JI 1. Birth and Early Years 9 2. Meetings with Baba Harnam Singh Ji 10 3. Realisation 11 4. Baba Harnam Singh Ji of Bhucho 12 5. The Nanaksar Thaath (Gurdwara) 15 6. Supernatural Powers Served Baba Nand Singh Ji 17 7. Maya (Mammon) 18 8. God sends Food, Parshad and all necessary Commodities 19 9. Amrit Parchar-Khande Da Amrit 20 10. Sukhmani Sahib 21 11. Utmost Respect should be shown to Sri Guru Granth Sahib 21 12. Guru's Langar 22 13. Mandates of Gurbani 23 14. Sit in the Lap of Guru Nanak Dev Ji 26 15. Society of the True Saints and the True Sikhs 26 16. The Naam 27 17. The Portrait of Guru Nanak Dev Ji 28 18. Rosary 29 19. Pooranmashi and Gurpurabs 30 20. Offering Parshad (Sacred Food) to the Guru 32 21. Hukam Naamaa 34 22. Village Jhoraran 35 23. At Delhi 40 24. Other Places Visited by Baba Ji 41 25. Baba Ji's Spiritualism and Personality 43 26.
    [Show full text]
  • Gursikh Heritage
    +91-9814650557 Gursikh Heritage https://www.indiamart.com/gursikh-heritage/ Deals in guru dwara models, paintings etc. About Us Dr. Sukhpal Singh, of Amritsar is from an artistic family. S Sewak Singh (G.D. Art[Lahore]), his father, was a renowned artist specilaising in landscape and nature painting. Dr Sukhpal Singh is a homeopathy physician, he attended Guru Nanakdev Homeopathy College of Ludhiana to receive his formal qualification. At a young age he showed great interest in line drawings. Gradually he progressed to model making, his first replica of The Golden Temple was built in 1976 on the Golden Temple's 400th anniversary. Dr. Singh's skill is greatly influenced by his grand-mother who was a very pious lady and a staunch devotee of Sri Guru Ram Das Ji. Dr. Sukhpal Singh believes that by displaying the replicas of various Gurdwaras and Sikh religious places at prominent places, the younger generation can be made more aware about their culture and religion. By seeing a minature of a Gurdwara one would be able to relate and appreciate with the Gurdwara or the religious place more. The replicas being to the scale are that much more realistic. All replicas carry with them facts about each Gurdwara tp help people learn about the historical background of the Gurdwara in question. Dr. Sukhpal's skills are not restricted to model making, he is also an avid painter. He paintings relate to the sikh religion. GOLDEN TEMPLE: Golden temple the holiest and highest shrine for Sikhs around the world The Harminder Sahib (meaning Temple of God) is also commonly known as the Golden Temple..
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter- II Kazi Nazrul Islam's Works Having Less Or No Perso-Arabic Words
    52 Chapter- II Kazi Nazrul Islam's works having less or no Perso-Arabic words "Nazrul Islam used comparatively less Perso-Arabic words in the love and nature related poems and did not use abundant of Perso-Arabic words in the poems which were written in "Payer Chhanda"— remarks of the Authority on Nazrul Islam's work's Dr. Rafiqul Islam, Department of Bengali of Dhaka University. In sorting out titles of this chapter, the mile stone is fixed upto 150 Perso-Arabic words or less used in a title. Bengali race being predomi­ nantly consisted of Hindus and Muslims, Nazrul Islam did use traditional words of both the socities together for analogy and traditional words can­ not display themselves side by side in a nicely manner and meaningful bearings. There are so many words in usage in Hindu society to create Hindu environment where as there are words used in Muslim societyto indicate Muslim environment. Nazrul created appropriate environment for his situation using appropriate words which go easy to the depth of the situation and got the acceptance of the mass people of both the socities to differentiate and high light this inequlity of using less Perso-Arabic words, the following titles were sorted out. The figure on the right side in the bracket or at the end of each word indicate number of time the word used in the book (poeti'y) 53 Titk'S Arabic words Persian words Total l^erso-Arabic Words l.Chittanama(1925) 15 09 24 2. Gitishatadal(1934) 14 23 37 3.Chakrabak(1929) 20 20 40 4.ProlayShikha(1930) 19 25 44 5.
    [Show full text]
  • A Hundred Years of Tagore in Finland
    Cracow Indological Studies vol. XVII (2015) 10.12797/CIS.17.2015.17.08 Klaus Karttunen [email protected] (University of Helsinki) A Hundred Years of Tagore in Finland Summary: The reception of Rabindranath Tagore in Finland, starting from newspa- per articles in 1913. Finnish translations of his works (19 volumes in 1913–2013, some in several editions) listed and commented upon. Tagore’s plays in theatre, radio and TV, music composed on Tagore’s poems. Tagore’s poem (Apaghat 1929) commenting upon the Finnish Winter War. KEYWORDS: Rabindranath Tagore, Bengali Literature, Indian English Literature, Fin nish Literature. In Finland as well as elsewhere in the West, the knowledge of Indian literature was restricted to a few Sanskrit classics until the second decade of the 20th century. The Nobel Prize in Literature given to Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) in 1913 changed this at once. To some extent, the importance of Tagore had been noted even before—the Swedish Nobel Committee did not get his name out of nowhere.1 Tagore belonged to a renowned Bengali family and some echoes of this family had even been heard in Finland. As early as the 1840s, 1 The first version of this paper was read at the International Tagore Conference in Halle (Saale), Germany, August 2–3, 2012. My sincere thanks are due to Hannele Pohjanmies, the translator of Tagore’s poetry, who has also traced many details about the history of the poet in Finland. With her kind permission, I have used this material, supplementing it from newspaper archives and from my own knowledge.
    [Show full text]