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Ornithological Literature
Wilson Bull., 98(l), 1986, pp. 173-188 ORNITHOLOGICAL LITERATURE AVIAN ECOLOGY.By C. M. Perrins and T. R. Birkhead. Methuen, Inc., 733 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10017, 1983:221 pp., 40 numbered tables, 76 numbered text figures, references,index. $2 1.OO (paper). - This book is designedto fill the authors’ perceived gap in the literature of material for “. the advanced undergraduateand the seriousamateur wishing to know more about the ways of birds . .” After a brief introduction there are eight chaptersranging in topic from social systemsthrough reproduction and migration in which the authors attempt to tell us a little about each of the major topics in the ecology of birds. Owing to the geographiclocation of the authors, the book is decidedly slanted towards the European literature and for the most part ignores many of the “traditional” examplesfrom North America. This is not necessarilya criticism, however, as I for one am really behind on the Europeanliterature and found this book to be quite informative in that regard. In Chapter 1 the authors give an overview of their approach to the book in which they discusseach characteristicfrom its adaptive standpoint and compare the experimental and comparative approachesto bird biology. Chapter 2 deals with social systems,namely ter- ritoriality and coloniality. Territoriality, shown to be the result of competition for scarce resources,is said to limit populations. Brown’s economic defendability model is supported with Gill and Wolfs fine sunbird study. Interspecific territoriality is examined using Reed’s Great Tit (Pam major) and Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) study. The advantagesof colo- niality are divided into antipredator and feeding categories,while the costs are listed as increasedcompetition, risks of rearing unrelated young, cannibalism, and increasedtrans- mission of ectoparasitesand disease.As in the remaining chapters, Chapter 2 ends with a short summary. -
South Africa Mega Birding Tour I 6Th to 30Th January 2018 (25 Days) Trip Report
South Africa Mega Birding Tour I 6th to 30th January 2018 (25 days) Trip Report Aardvark by Mike Bacon Trip report compiled by Tour Leader: Wayne Jones Rockjumper Birding Tours View more tours to South Africa Trip Report – RBT South Africa - Mega I 2018 2 Tour Summary The beauty of South Africa lies in its richness of habitats, from the coastal forests in the east, through subalpine mountain ranges and the arid Karoo to fynbos in the south. We explored all of these and more during our 25-day adventure across the country. Highlights were many and included Orange River Francolin, thousands of Cape Gannets, multiple Secretarybirds, stunning Knysna Turaco, Ground Woodpecker, Botha’s Lark, Bush Blackcap, Cape Parrot, Aardvark, Aardwolf, Caracal, Oribi and Giant Bullfrog, along with spectacular scenery, great food and excellent accommodation throughout. ___________________________________________________________________________________ Despite havoc-wreaking weather that delayed flights on the other side of the world, everyone managed to arrive (just!) in South Africa for the start of our keenly-awaited tour. We began our 25-day cross-country exploration with a drive along Zaagkuildrift Road. This unassuming stretch of dirt road is well-known in local birding circles and can offer up a wide range of species thanks to its variety of habitats – which include open grassland, acacia woodland, wetlands and a seasonal floodplain. After locating a handsome male Northern Black Korhaan and African Wattled Lapwings, a Northern Black Korhaan by Glen Valentine -
Rock Kestrel
264 Falconidae: falcons and kestrels brooding young. Therefore the small increase in reporting rates in six of the eight Zones during winter is probably related to seasonal changes in conspicuousness, rather than to any large- scale influx of migrants from outside the region. Reporting rates for the Tarkastad district, for example, increased during winter, while direct observation showed that over half of the population actually left the area (Van Zyl 1994b). Although the models do not suggest movements within southern Africa, a more detailed analysis of Rock Kestrel movements in South Africa, largely based on a more refined examination of atlas reporting rates, suggested a northerly and easterly movement away from south- western breeding areas during winter (Van Zyl et al. 1994). Breeding: Breeding was recorded in all Zones, mainly September–January, peaking October–December. There are no obvious seasonal differences between the Zones, although in the eastern Cape Province (Zone 8) it bred slightly later than in the rest of the region. Interspecific relationships: It overlaps widely with Greater and Lesser Kestrels in southern Africa. It moves into the eastern grassland habitats most exploited by the Lesser Kestrel during the winter when that species is absent (Van Zyl et al. 1994). Historical distribution and conservation: Boshoff et al. (1983) found no difference in distribution in the Cape Prov- ince, comparing the periods 1700–1969 and 1970–79. The distrib- ution map similarly shows no change in distribution, the species being largely absent from the central Kalahari regions and the far northeast during all three time periods, although the map shows Rock Kestrel many more records from the western Karoo, presumably due to Rooivalk better coverage. -
Namaqua Birds
Bird Checklist for Namaqua National Park (as at March 2006) English (Roberts 7) English (Roberts 6) Old Rob # Global Names SA Names Afrikaans Namaqua 62 Grey Heron Grey Heron Bloureier 1 63 Blackheaded Heron Blackheaded Heron Swartkopreier 1 71 Cattle Egret Cattle Egret Veereier 1 81 Hamerkop Hamerkop Hamerkop 1 91 Sacred Ibis Sacred Ibis Skoorsteenveer 1 94 Hadeda Ibis Hadeda Hadeda 1 102 Egyptian Goose Egyptian Goose Kolgans 1 103 South African Shelduck South African Shelduck Kopereend 1 104 Yellowbilled Duck Yellowbilled Duck Geelbekeend 1 116 Spurwinged Goose Spurwinged Goose Wildemakou 1 127 Blackshouldered Kite Blackshouldered Kite Blouvalk 1 131 Verreaux's Eagle Black Eagle Witkruisarend 1 136 Booted Eagle Booted Eagle Dwergarend 1 140 Martial Eagle Martial Eagle Breëkoparend 1 143 Black-chested Snake Eagle Black-breasted Snake Eagle Swartborsslangarend 1 149 Steppe Buzzard Steppe Buzzard Bruinjakkalsvoël 1 152 Jackal Buzzard Jackal Buzzard Rooiborsjakkalsvoël 1 162 Pale Chanting Goshawk Pale Chanting Goshawk Bleeksingvalk 1 168 Black Harrier Black Harrier Witkruisvleivalk 1 169 African Harrier Hawk Gymnogene Kaalwangvalk 1 172 Lanner Falcon Lanner Falcon Edelvalk 1 181 Rock Kestrel Rock Kestrel Kransvalk 1 182 Greater Kestrel Greater Kestrel Grootrooivalk 1 190 Grey-winged Francolin Greywing Francolin Bergpatrys 1 195 Cape Spurfowl Cape Francolin Kaapse Fisant 1 200 Common Quail Common Quail Afrikaanse Kwartel 1 203 Helmeted Guineafowl Helmeted Guineafowl Gewone Tarentaal 1 232 Ludwig's Bustard Ludwig's Bustard Ludwigse Pou 1 -
1 Systematics and Evolution of Kestrels
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47062-9 — The Kestrel David Costantini , Giacomo Dell'Omo Excerpt More Information 1 Systematics and Evolution of Kestrels 1.1 Chapter Summary The family Falconidae constitutes a group of small to medium-sized diurnal raptors whose monophyly is strongly supported. Kestrels are included in the subfamily Falconinae. There are at least 13 species that belong to the kestrel group, but recent genetic studies suggest that the number of kestrel species might be larger, possibly 16. The paleontological and molecular evidence is congruent in suggesting an evolutionary radiation of kestrels from the Late Miocene (4.0–9.8 million years ago) through the Early Pleistocene. However, the geographic area where kestrels originated and dispersed from is unclear. 1.2 Diversification of Falcons The Falconidae is a monophyletic family of diurnal birds of prey that occupy a wide variety of ecological niches and geographic regions (White et al., 1994). Three subfamilies are currently recognised and their validity is supported by both molecular and morphological data (Griffiths, 1999; Griffiths et al., 2004; Fuchs et al., 2012, 2015): (i) Falconinae (falcons, falconets and kestrels), (ii) Herpetotherinae (forest falcons Micrastur sp. and laughing falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans) and (iii) Polyborinae (caracaras) (Figure 1.1). Dickinson (2003) has recognised 11 genera and 64 species of Falconidae, but figures can vary slightly across authors. Both the Herpetotherinae and the Polyborinae occur only in the New World, while the Falconinae (the subfamily to which kestrels belong) are widespread across both the New and Old World with 46 species, 40 of which belong to the genus Falco (Fuchs et al., 2015). -
The Karoo Birds Research and Conservation Project
The Karoo Birds Research and Conservation Project Final Project Report based on fieldwork conducted through the Karoo south of the Orange River during 2017 and 2018 A BirdLife South Africa conservation project by Alan Lee and Dale Wright. Report by: Alan Lee January 2019 1 Summary The Karoo biome is a vast arid zone environment covering 26% of South Africa, as well as Namibia, and is home to 11 endemic bird species. The Karoo Birds Project was a BirdLife South Africa initiative run from 2017-2018, which aimed to provide a conservation assessment by obtaining data on population size, range and population trends primarily of the Karoo endemic bird species. This report was obtained through a point count and atlasing project across the Karoo region south of the Orange River, South Africa. This was partly run in conjunction with the Karoo BioGaps project. The South African National Biodiversity Institute’s (SANBI) Karoo BioGaps project aimed to gather foundational biodiversity data to support the impact assessments for Shale Gas and other infrastructure development projects in the Karoo basin. During 2017 and 2018 we conducted 2854 point counts across 150 pentads, mostly from end of July to October, largely corresponding to the late winter to early spring period. We found that avian species richness and bird abundance increased eastwards, mostly explained by increasing overall vegetation height, but accompanied by increasing grass cover and decreasing sand cover. In contrast, Karoo endemic bird species richness decreased eastwards, negatively correlated with increasing grass and acacia tree cover. Density and species richness were especially high around water locations and farmhouses, and we found that the presence of many species to be influenced by water, a surprising result for an arid environment. -
NESTING of the GREATER KESTREL <I>FALCO RUPICOLOIDES</I> in ZAMBIA
NESTING OF THE GREATER KESTREL FALCO R UPICOLOIDES IN ZAMBIA by TimothyO. Osborne AlaskaDepartment of Fish and Game Box 155 Galena, Alaska 99741 and ]. F. R. Colebrook-Robjent Musumanene Box 303 Choma Zambia Abstract Breedingdata were obtainedfrom 10 pairs of Greater Kestrelsat Minyanya Plain, Zambia,during September 1975. Black Crow nestswere the only nestingplatforms uti- lized,and we concludedthat they were acquiredaggressively by the kestrel.Sixty % of the nestskestrels used had beenbuilt by crowsduring the 1975 seasonindicating a fre- quentoccurrence of nestpiracy. Incubationwas undertakenby the female which was very shyon the nest.The distancebetween nests averaged 2.3 km, slightlymore than the distancebetween all crownests. The breedingdistribution and nestingdensity of the GreaterKestrel in Zambiais directly influencedby the distributionand densityof the Black Crow. Introduction Bensonet al. (1971)summarized the distributionof the GreaterKestrel (Falco rupico- loides)in Zambiaand notedthat there were no breedingrecords. Aspinwall (1979) re- cordedthe firstnest of the speciesin Zambiawhich contained 4 fresheggs on 30 August 1974 at Mitashi Plain (13ø35'S.,22ø50'E.), western Zambezi (formerly Balovale)Dis- trict. The eggswere laid in an old nestof a BlackCrow (Corvuscapensis). The statusof the GreaterKestrel in Zambiahas been discussedbriefly in a previouspaper (Osborne and Colebrook-Robjent1980). This paperpresents breeding data on an undisturbedpop- ulationof GreaterKestrels at MinyanyaPlain, Zambia. StudyArea and Methods MinyanyaPlain (13ø09'S.,22ø23'E.) is a watershedLoudetia grassland lying between the North and South KashijiRivers in ZambeziDistrict, North-Western Province, Zambia. The plain,approximately 1150 m above sealevel, is borderedon the northby the North Kashijifloodplain; to the southand westby brokenstands of Diplorhynchuswoodland and to the eastby degradedKalahari (Baikiaea) woodland. -
South Africa Mega Birding III 5Th to 27Th October 2019 (23 Days) Trip Report
South Africa Mega Birding III 5th to 27th October 2019 (23 days) Trip Report The near-endemic Gorgeous Bushshrike by Daniel Keith Danckwerts Tour leader: Daniel Keith Danckwerts Trip Report – RBT South Africa – Mega Birding III 2019 2 Tour Summary South Africa supports the highest number of endemic species of any African country and is therefore of obvious appeal to birders. This South Africa mega tour covered virtually the entire country in little over a month – amounting to an estimated 10 000km – and targeted every single endemic and near-endemic species! We were successful in finding virtually all of the targets and some of our highlights included a pair of mythical Hottentot Buttonquails, the critically endangered Rudd’s Lark, both Cape, and Drakensburg Rockjumpers, Orange-breasted Sunbird, Pink-throated Twinspot, Southern Tchagra, the scarce Knysna Woodpecker, both Northern and Southern Black Korhaans, and Bush Blackcap. We additionally enjoyed better-than-ever sightings of the tricky Barratt’s Warbler, aptly named Gorgeous Bushshrike, Crested Guineafowl, and Eastern Nicator to just name a few. Any trip to South Africa would be incomplete without mammals and our tally of 60 species included such difficult animals as the Aardvark, Aardwolf, Southern African Hedgehog, Bat-eared Fox, Smith’s Red Rock Hare and both Sable and Roan Antelopes. This really was a trip like no other! ____________________________________________________________________________________ Tour in Detail Our first full day of the tour began with a short walk through the gardens of our quaint guesthouse in Johannesburg. Here we enjoyed sightings of the delightful Red-headed Finch, small numbers of Southern Red Bishops including several males that were busy moulting into their summer breeding plumage, the near-endemic Karoo Thrush, Cape White-eye, Grey-headed Gull, Hadada Ibis, Southern Masked Weaver, Speckled Mousebird, African Palm Swift and the Laughing, Ring-necked and Red-eyed Doves. -
The Fox Kestrel &Lpar;<I>Falco Alopex</I>&Rpar; Hovers
LETTERS j RaptorRes. 36(3):236-237 ¸ 2002 The Raptor ResearchFoundation, Inc. TH• Fox KESTREL(FALCO ALOPEX) Hovgp, s Althoughtypically considered related and similarto other kestrels(Falco spp.), the little-known,Sahel-endemic Fox Kestrel(Falco alopex) seems to exhibitsome unusual morphological traits and behaviors.Reports have been particu- larly contradictoryconcerning the hoveringability of this species.For example,"Is misnamed'kestrel' as has few kestrel-likehabits. Normally, in opencountry perches on trees,and catches prey by short swoop from perchto ground; doesnot hover.In generalbehaviour more a long-winged,long-tailed falcon than kestrel." (Brownet al. 1982,The b•rdsof Africa,Vol. 1, AcademicPress, London, U.K.), or "... long narrowpointed wings and, tbr falcon,excep- tionallylong graduatedtail givingatypical kestrel shape, more like long-tailedhobby" and "Rarely,if ever,hovers" (Ferguson-Leesand Christie2001, Raptors of the world,A&C Black,London, U.K.). Anotherdescription is "Long, broadwings and graduatedtail suggestbuoyant flight and good hoveringability" (del Hoyo,J., A. Elliott, andJ. Sargatal[EDs.]. 1994, Handbook of the birdsof the world.Vol. 2. LynxEdicions, Barcelona, Spain). A buoyant,slow fl•ght mode was previouslyhypothesized by Cade (1982, The falcons of the world, Cornell Univ. Press,Ithaca, NY, U.S.A.),who addedthat "certainlymore observationsare neededbefore one can be sureabout all of its hunting and flying characteristics." Hovering occursin distantly-relatedraptors, including in someFalconidae and someAccipitridae, certainly as a resultof convergentevolution. However, hovering has been usedas a behavioraltrait indicatingphylogeny (Boyce and White 1987,Pages 1-21 in D.M. Bird and R. Bowman[EDs.], The ancestralkestrel, J. RaptorRes. Rep. No. 6). Specifically,hovering is thought to be a derivedtrait. -
Namibia & Botswana
Namibia & Botswana: From the NAMIB to the OKAVANGO A Tropical Birding Set Departure September 5–20, 2015 Guide: Ken Behrens All photos taken by Ken Behrens during this trip TOUR SUMMARY Our Namibia and northern Botswana tour has long been one of our most popular, and for good reason. The Namib escarpment and desert hold a suite of endemic birds that is shared only with adjacent Angola. These include the handsome Hartlaub’s Francolin, taxonomic oddity Rockrunner, boldly pied White-tailed Shrike, and cryptic Dune Lark. Farther north and east, the Okavango system holds a great wealth of birds, including two of the continent’s most wanted species: White-backed Night-Heron and Pel’s Fishing-Owl. There is no better spot in Africa for these scarce and shy birds. Although they expect the special birds, birders are often also surprised by this tour’s richness of mammals. Etosha National Park is one of Africa’s great parks, and is at its best during the late dry season timing of this tour. The spectacle of thousands of big mammals crowding together for precious mouthfuls of water while trying to avoid the big predators that await in ambush, ranks among Earth’s great natural spectacles. And Etosha is just one of several sites on this trip that always have lots of mammals. But the real thing that makes tours in Namibia and Botswana special is not the specific birds and mammals that these countries hold, Namibia & Botswana September 5 – 20, 2015 but rather a magical quality to the landscapes of this part of the world. -
Fledgling Survival Increases with Development Time and Adult Survival Across North and South Temperate Zones
Ibis (2016), 158, 135–143 Fledgling survival increases with development time and adult survival across north and south temperate zones PENN LLOYD1,2* & THOMAS E. MARTIN3 1Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa 2Biodiversity Assessment and Management Pty Ltd, PO Box 1376, Cleveland, Qld 4163, Australia 3U.S. Geological Survey Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA Slow life histories are characterized by high adult survival and few offspring, which are thought to allow increased investment per offspring to increase juvenile survival. Consis- tent with this pattern, south temperate zone birds are commonly longer-lived and have fewer young than north temperate zone species. However, comparative analyses of juve- nile survival, including during the first few weeks of the post-fledging period when most juvenile mortality occurs, are largely lacking. We combined our measurements of fledg- ling survival for eight passerines in South Africa with estimates from published studies of 57 north and south temperate zone songbird species to test three predictions: (1) fledg- ling survival increases with length of development time in the nest; (2) fledgling survival increases with adult survival and reduced brood size controlled for development time; and (3) south temperate zone species, with their higher adult survival and smaller brood sizes, exhibit higher fledgling survival than north temperate zone species controlled for development time. We found that fledgling survival was higher among south temperate zone species and generally increased with development time and adult survival within and between latitudinal regions. -
Namibia Birding and Nature Tour September 13-25, 2014 Tour Species List
P.O. Box 16545 Portal, AZ. 85632 PH: (866) 900-1146 www.caligo.com [email protected] [email protected] www.naturalistjourneys.com Naturalist Journeys: Namibia Birding and Nature Tour September 13-25, 2014 Tour Species List Dalton Gibbs of Birding Africa and Peg Abbott of Naturalist Journeys, with five participants: Andrea, Alex, Ty, Mimi, and Penny BIRDS Common Ostrich – Seen regularly in the first days of the trip in open terrain, strutting through just amazing landscapes with colorful escarpments amid seas of arid grassland. Numerous at Etosha, we could view their dominance behaviors and also some courting display, some of the males were starting to get very red necks and legs as they came into prime condition. Helmeted Guineafowl – Widespread and regularly seen throughout the journeys. The most tame were at Weltevrede where they posed on the gate, strutted about the farm and serenaded us at the end of each day. They came into the waterholes of Etosha in large groups, 20-50 at a time, vocal and jumpy, always alert. One by the roadside on the last day made this an everyday species for the trip. Red-billed Spurfowl – first seen in a wash as we approached Remhoogte Pass, coming off the escarpment onto the coastal plain on the first day from Windhoek. Widespread – seen on seven days of the trip, in all but our most arid locations. Saw some on the Dik Dik Drive of Etosha. And at the Waterberg they were abundant, at dawn their calls were deafening! Swainson’s Spurfowl – recognized by different calling, Peg spotted a family group as we entered the fort area of Namutoni in Etosha, active at the road margin.