Drought in the Succulent Karoo-Increasing the Awareness Of
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Freshwater Fishes
WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE state oF BIODIVERSITY 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction 2 Chapter 2 Methods 17 Chapter 3 Freshwater fishes 18 Chapter 4 Amphibians 36 Chapter 5 Reptiles 55 Chapter 6 Mammals 75 Chapter 7 Avifauna 89 Chapter 8 Flora & Vegetation 112 Chapter 9 Land and Protected Areas 139 Chapter 10 Status of River Health 159 Cover page photographs by Andrew Turner (CapeNature), Roger Bills (SAIAB) & Wicus Leeuwner. ISBN 978-0-620-39289-1 SCIENTIFIC SERVICES 2 Western Cape Province State of Biodiversity 2007 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Andrew Turner [email protected] 1 “We live at a historic moment, a time in which the world’s biological diversity is being rapidly destroyed. The present geological period has more species than any other, yet the current rate of extinction of species is greater now than at any time in the past. Ecosystems and communities are being degraded and destroyed, and species are being driven to extinction. The species that persist are losing genetic variation as the number of individuals in populations shrinks, unique populations and subspecies are destroyed, and remaining populations become increasingly isolated from one another. The cause of this loss of biological diversity at all levels is the range of human activity that alters and destroys natural habitats to suit human needs.” (Primack, 2002). CapeNature launched its State of Biodiversity Programme (SoBP) to assess and monitor the state of biodiversity in the Western Cape in 1999. This programme delivered its first report in 2002 and these reports are updated every five years. The current report (2007) reports on the changes to the state of vertebrate biodiversity and land under conservation usage. -
Tulbagh Renosterveld Project Report
BP TULBAGH RENOSTERVELD PROJECT Introduction The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is the smallest and richest floral kingdom of the world. In an area of approximately 90 000km² there are over 9 000 plant species found (Goldblatt & Manning 2000). The CFR is recognized as one of the 33 global biodiversity hotspots (Myers, 1990) and has recently received World Heritage Status. In 2002 the Cape Action Plan for the Environment (CAPE) programme identified the lowlands of the CFR as 100% irreplaceable, meaning that to achieve conservation targets all lowland fragments would have to be conserved and no further loss of habitat should be allowed. Renosterveld , an asteraceous shrubland that predominantly occurs in the lowland areas of the CFR, is the most threatened vegetation type in South Africa . Only five percent of this highly fragmented vegetation type still remains (Von Hase et al 2003). Most of these Renosterveld fragments occur on privately owned land making it the least represented vegetation type in the South African Protected Areas network. More importantly, because of the fragmented nature of Renosterveld it has a high proportion of plants that are threatened with extinction. The Custodians of Rare and Endangered Wildflowers (CREW) project, which works with civil society groups in the CFR to update information on threatened plants, has identified the Tulbagh valley as a high priority for conservation action. This is due to the relatively large amount of Renosterveld that remains in the valley and the high amount of plant endemism. The CAPE program has also identified areas in need of fine scale plans and the Tulbagh area falls within one of these: The Upper Breede River planning domain. -
Disaggregation of Bird Families Listed on Cms Appendix Ii
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 2nd Meeting of the Sessional Committee of the CMS Scientific Council (ScC-SC2) Bonn, Germany, 10 – 14 July 2017 UNEP/CMS/ScC-SC2/Inf.3 DISAGGREGATION OF BIRD FAMILIES LISTED ON CMS APPENDIX II (Prepared by the Appointed Councillors for Birds) Summary: The first meeting of the Sessional Committee of the Scientific Council identified the adoption of a new standard reference for avian taxonomy as an opportunity to disaggregate the higher-level taxa listed on Appendix II and to identify those that are considered to be migratory species and that have an unfavourable conservation status. The current paper presents an initial analysis of the higher-level disaggregation using the Handbook of the Birds of the World/BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World Volumes 1 and 2 taxonomy, and identifies the challenges in completing the analysis to identify all of the migratory species and the corresponding Range States. The document has been prepared by the COP Appointed Scientific Councilors for Birds. This is a supplementary paper to COP document UNEP/CMS/COP12/Doc.25.3 on Taxonomy and Nomenclature UNEP/CMS/ScC-Sc2/Inf.3 DISAGGREGATION OF BIRD FAMILIES LISTED ON CMS APPENDIX II 1. Through Resolution 11.19, the Conference of Parties adopted as the standard reference for bird taxonomy and nomenclature for Non-Passerine species the Handbook of the Birds of the World/BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, Volume 1: Non-Passerines, by Josep del Hoyo and Nigel J. Collar (2014); 2. -
In the Little Karoo, South Africa
ASPECTS OF THE ECOLOGY OF LEOPARDS (PANTHERA PARDUS) IN THE LITTLE KAROO, SOUTH AFRICA A THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF RHODES UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY BY GARETH MANN FEBRUARY 2014 i ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Leopards (Panthera pardus) are the most common large predators, free roaming outside of protected areas across most of South Africa. Leopard persistence is attributed to their tolerance of rugged terrain that is subject to less development pressure, as well as their cryptic behaviour. Nevertheless, existing leopard populations are threatened indirectly by ongoing transformation of natural habitat and directly through hunting and conflict with livestock farmers. Together these threats may further isolate leopards to fragmented areas of core natural habitat. I studied leopard habitat preferences, population density, diet and the attitudes of landowners towards leopards in the Little Karoo, Western Cape, South Africa, an area of mixed land-use that contains elements of three overlapping global biodiversity hotspots. Data were gathered between 2010 and 2012 using camera traps set up at 141 sites over an area of ~3100km2, GPS tracking collars fitted to three male leopards, scat samples (n=76), interviews with landowners (n=53) analysed in combination with geographical information system (GIS) layers. My results reveal that leopards preferred rugged, mountainous terrain of intermediate elevation, avoiding low-lying, open areas where human disturbance was generally greater. Despite relatively un-fragmented habitat within my study area, the leopard population density (0.75 leopards/100km2) was one of the lowest yet recorded in South Africa. This may reflect low prey densities in mountain refuges in addition to historical human persecution in the area. -
The Garden Route a Journey of Lush Forests, Rugged Sea Cliffs and Modern Safaris
Destination Showcase: The Garden Route A journey of lush forests, rugged sea cliffs and modern safaris Telephone +27 11 219 5600 Facsimile +27 11 268 2010/1 P O Box 987 Northlands 2116 Johannesburg South Africa www.dragonfly.co.za Southern Africa’s Leading Travel Group The Garden Route Map of the Garden Route Tsitsikamma National Park N2 E G R E B A G U O K Natures Valley PLETTENBERG BAY N2 THE GARDEN ROUTE Cape Town Knysna Jeerys Bay Plettenberg Bay KNYSNA George H3 The Heads S N G I R A E T B N E I U S O S A M N A A U M Q I M N A E K T U O WILDERNESS GEORGE H2 Gondwana Game Reserve The Airport H1 H2 Fancourt H3 Pezula MOSSEL BAY H1 N2 The Garden Route The Garden Route extends over South Africa’s two southernmost provinces, the Eastern and the Western Cape. Officially the Route starts at Heidelberg in the Western Cape and ends at the Storms River on the extreme western reach of the neighbouring Eastern Cape Province. The whale capital, Hermanus, and the safari region of the Eastern Cape, located on either side and just beyond the borders of the Garden Route have also been included in this document. The Garden Route was so named, due to its lush and ecologically diverse vegetation and the numerous lagoons and lakes dotted along the scenic coastline. The region includes quaint coastal towns such as Mossel Bay, Knysna, Plettenberg Bay, Nature’s Valley and George. -
South Africa Mega Birding Tour I 6Th to 30Th January 2018 (25 Days) Trip Report
South Africa Mega Birding Tour I 6th to 30th January 2018 (25 days) Trip Report Aardvark by Mike Bacon Trip report compiled by Tour Leader: Wayne Jones Rockjumper Birding Tours View more tours to South Africa Trip Report – RBT South Africa - Mega I 2018 2 Tour Summary The beauty of South Africa lies in its richness of habitats, from the coastal forests in the east, through subalpine mountain ranges and the arid Karoo to fynbos in the south. We explored all of these and more during our 25-day adventure across the country. Highlights were many and included Orange River Francolin, thousands of Cape Gannets, multiple Secretarybirds, stunning Knysna Turaco, Ground Woodpecker, Botha’s Lark, Bush Blackcap, Cape Parrot, Aardvark, Aardwolf, Caracal, Oribi and Giant Bullfrog, along with spectacular scenery, great food and excellent accommodation throughout. ___________________________________________________________________________________ Despite havoc-wreaking weather that delayed flights on the other side of the world, everyone managed to arrive (just!) in South Africa for the start of our keenly-awaited tour. We began our 25-day cross-country exploration with a drive along Zaagkuildrift Road. This unassuming stretch of dirt road is well-known in local birding circles and can offer up a wide range of species thanks to its variety of habitats – which include open grassland, acacia woodland, wetlands and a seasonal floodplain. After locating a handsome male Northern Black Korhaan and African Wattled Lapwings, a Northern Black Korhaan by Glen Valentine -
Namaqua Birds
Bird Checklist for Namaqua National Park (as at March 2006) English (Roberts 7) English (Roberts 6) Old Rob # Global Names SA Names Afrikaans Namaqua 62 Grey Heron Grey Heron Bloureier 1 63 Blackheaded Heron Blackheaded Heron Swartkopreier 1 71 Cattle Egret Cattle Egret Veereier 1 81 Hamerkop Hamerkop Hamerkop 1 91 Sacred Ibis Sacred Ibis Skoorsteenveer 1 94 Hadeda Ibis Hadeda Hadeda 1 102 Egyptian Goose Egyptian Goose Kolgans 1 103 South African Shelduck South African Shelduck Kopereend 1 104 Yellowbilled Duck Yellowbilled Duck Geelbekeend 1 116 Spurwinged Goose Spurwinged Goose Wildemakou 1 127 Blackshouldered Kite Blackshouldered Kite Blouvalk 1 131 Verreaux's Eagle Black Eagle Witkruisarend 1 136 Booted Eagle Booted Eagle Dwergarend 1 140 Martial Eagle Martial Eagle Breëkoparend 1 143 Black-chested Snake Eagle Black-breasted Snake Eagle Swartborsslangarend 1 149 Steppe Buzzard Steppe Buzzard Bruinjakkalsvoël 1 152 Jackal Buzzard Jackal Buzzard Rooiborsjakkalsvoël 1 162 Pale Chanting Goshawk Pale Chanting Goshawk Bleeksingvalk 1 168 Black Harrier Black Harrier Witkruisvleivalk 1 169 African Harrier Hawk Gymnogene Kaalwangvalk 1 172 Lanner Falcon Lanner Falcon Edelvalk 1 181 Rock Kestrel Rock Kestrel Kransvalk 1 182 Greater Kestrel Greater Kestrel Grootrooivalk 1 190 Grey-winged Francolin Greywing Francolin Bergpatrys 1 195 Cape Spurfowl Cape Francolin Kaapse Fisant 1 200 Common Quail Common Quail Afrikaanse Kwartel 1 203 Helmeted Guineafowl Helmeted Guineafowl Gewone Tarentaal 1 232 Ludwig's Bustard Ludwig's Bustard Ludwigse Pou 1 -
Fire Regimes in Eastern Coastal Fynbos
Fire regimes in eastern coastal fynbos: drivers, ecology and management by Tineke Kraaij Submitted in fulfilment/partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Philosophy in the Faculty of Science at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University August 2012 Promotor: Prof. R.M. Cowling Co-promotor: Dr B.W. van Wilgen Declaration I, Tineke Kraaij, student number 211211583, hereby declare that the thesis for Doctorate of Philosophy is my own work and that it has not previously been submitted for assessment or completion of any postgraduate qualification to another University or for another qualification. I am now presenting the thesis for examination for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy. Tineke Kraaij Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 7 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. 9 List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... 10 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 11 References .................................................................................................................................................. -
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Chapter 7 Plant Diversity in the Hantam
Chapter 7 Plant diversity in the Hantam-Tanqua-Roggeveld, Succulent Karoo, South Africa: Diversity parameters Abstract Forty Whittaker plots were surveyed to gather plant diversity data in the Hantam-Tanqua- Roggeveld subregion of the Succulent Karoo. Species richness, evenness, Shannon’s index and Simpson’s index of diversity were calculated. Species richness ranged from nine to 100 species per 1000 m² (0.1 ha) with species richness for the Mountain Renosterveld being significantly higher than for the Winter Rainfall Karoo, which in turn was significantly higher than for the Tanqua Karoo. Evenness, Shannon and Simpson indices were found not to differ significantly between the Mountain Renosterveld and Winter Rainfall Karoo, however, these values were significantly higher than for the Tanqua Karoo. Species richness for all plot sizes <0.1 ha were significantly lower for the Tanqua Karoo than for the other two vegetation groups, which did not differ significantly from each other. Only at the 1000 m² scale did species richness differ significantly on the vegetation group level between the Mountain Renosterveld and the Winter Rainfall Karoo. A Principal Co-ordinate Analysis (PCoA) of species richness data at seven plot sizes produced three distinct clusters in the ordination. One cluster represented the sparsely vegetated, extremely arid Tanqua Karoo which has a low species richness, low evenness values and low Shannon and Simpson indices. Another cluster represented the bulk of the Mountain Renosterveld vegetation with a high vegetation cover, high species richness, high evenness values and high Shannon and Simpson indices. The third cluster was formed by the remaining Mountain Renosterveld plots as well as the Winter Rainfall Karoo plots with intermediate values for the diversity parameters. -
The Karoo Birds Research and Conservation Project
The Karoo Birds Research and Conservation Project Final Project Report based on fieldwork conducted through the Karoo south of the Orange River during 2017 and 2018 A BirdLife South Africa conservation project by Alan Lee and Dale Wright. Report by: Alan Lee January 2019 1 Summary The Karoo biome is a vast arid zone environment covering 26% of South Africa, as well as Namibia, and is home to 11 endemic bird species. The Karoo Birds Project was a BirdLife South Africa initiative run from 2017-2018, which aimed to provide a conservation assessment by obtaining data on population size, range and population trends primarily of the Karoo endemic bird species. This report was obtained through a point count and atlasing project across the Karoo region south of the Orange River, South Africa. This was partly run in conjunction with the Karoo BioGaps project. The South African National Biodiversity Institute’s (SANBI) Karoo BioGaps project aimed to gather foundational biodiversity data to support the impact assessments for Shale Gas and other infrastructure development projects in the Karoo basin. During 2017 and 2018 we conducted 2854 point counts across 150 pentads, mostly from end of July to October, largely corresponding to the late winter to early spring period. We found that avian species richness and bird abundance increased eastwards, mostly explained by increasing overall vegetation height, but accompanied by increasing grass cover and decreasing sand cover. In contrast, Karoo endemic bird species richness decreased eastwards, negatively correlated with increasing grass and acacia tree cover. Density and species richness were especially high around water locations and farmhouses, and we found that the presence of many species to be influenced by water, a surprising result for an arid environment. -
Western Cape Biodiversity Spatial Plan Handbook 2017
WESTERN CAPE BIODIVERSITY SPATIAL PLAN HANDBOOK Drafted by: CapeNature Scientific Services Land Use Team Jonkershoek, Stellenbosch 2017 Editor: Ruida Pool-Stanvliet Contributing Authors: Alana Duffell-Canham, Genevieve Pence, Rhett Smart i Western Cape Biodiversity Spatial Plan Handbook 2017 Citation: Pool-Stanvliet, R., Duffell-Canham, A., Pence, G. & Smart, R. 2017. The Western Cape Biodiversity Spatial Plan Handbook. Stellenbosch: CapeNature. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The compilation of the Biodiversity Spatial Plan and Handbook has been a collective effort of the Scientific Services Section of CapeNature. We acknowledge the assistance of Benjamin Walton, Colin Fordham, Jeanne Gouws, Antoinette Veldtman, Martine Jordaan, Andrew Turner, Coral Birss, Alexis Olds, Kevin Shaw and Garth Mortimer. CapeNature’s Conservation Planning Scientist, Genevieve Pence, is thanked for conducting the spatial analyses and compiling the Biodiversity Spatial Plan Map datasets, with assistance from Scientific Service’s GIS Team members: Therese Forsyth, Cher-Lynn Petersen, Riki de Villiers, and Sheila Henning. Invaluable assistance was also provided by Jason Pretorius at the Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning, and Andrew Skowno and Leslie Powrie at the South African National Biodiversity Institute. Patricia Holmes and Amalia Pugnalin at the City of Cape Town are thanked for advice regarding the inclusion of the BioNet. We are very grateful to the South African National Biodiversity Institute for providing funding support through the GEF5 Programme towards layout and printing costs of the Handbook. We would like to acknowledge the Mpumalanga Biodiversity Sector Plan Steering Committee, specifically Mervyn Lotter, for granting permission to use the Mpumalanga Biodiversity Sector Plan Handbook as a blueprint for the Western Cape Biodiversity Spatial Plan Handbook.