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PERIODICALS PHYSICAL REVIEW E Postmaster send address changes to: For editorial and subscription correspondence, American Institute of Physics please see inside front cover 500 Sunnyside Boulevard (ISSN: 1063-651X) Woodbury, NY 11797-2999

THIRD SERIES, VOLUME 55, NUMBER 1 CONTENTS JANUARY 1997 PARTS A AND B

The Table of Contents is a total listing of Parts A and B. Part A consists of pages 1–538, and Part B pages 539–1234.

PART A Guidelines for PRE Section Selection ...... iii Editorial Policies and Procedures of Physical Review E ...... iv General Information for Contributors ...... viii Guidelines for Estimating Length ...... xii Note to Reader ...... xiii

RAPID COMMUNICATIONS Fluctuating phase rigidity for a quantum chaotic system with partially broken time-reversal symmetry ...... R1 S. A. van Langen, P. W. Brouwer, and C. W. J. Beenakker Multidimensional inverse lattice problem and a uniformly sampled arithmetic Fourier transform ...... R5 Chen Nan-xian, Chen Zhao-dou, and Wei Yu-chuan Mixing, Lyapunov instability, and the approach to equilibrium in a hard-sphere gas ...... R9 Ch. Dellago and H. A. Posch Distribution of occupation numbers in finite Fermi systems and role of interaction in chaos and thermalization . . . R13 V. V. Flambaum and F. M. Izrailev Critical behavior of the three-dimensional Ising model with nearest-neighbor, next-nearest-neighbor, and plaquette interactions ...... R17 Emilio N. M. Cirillo, G. Gonnella, and A. Pelizzola Physical symmetry and lattice symmetry in the lattice Boltzmann method ...... R21 Nianzheng Cao, Shiyi Chen, Shi Jin, and Daniel Martıńez Empirical traffic data and their implications for traffic modeling ...... R25 Dirk Helbing Slow dynamics of nonequilibrium density fluctuations in hard-sphere suspensions ...... R29 Michio Tokuyama, Yoshihisa Enomoto, and Irwin Oppenheim Simple optical feedback loop: Excitation waves and their mirror image ...... R33 Alberto P. Mun˜uzuri and Mario Markus

ARTICLES General methods of statistical physics Resonant trapping: A failure mechanism in switch transitions ...... 36 F. Apostolico, L. Gammaitoni, F. Marchesoni, and S. Santucci Critical relaxation in two-dimensional random-bond Potts models ...... 40 S. Chen and D. P. Landau Dendritic growth in a mean-field lattice gas model ...... 45 Mathis Plapp and Jean-François Gouyet Missing motor of on-off intermittency ...... 58 J. von Hardenberg, F. Paparella, N. Platt, A. Provenzale, E. A. Spiegel, and C. Tresser Boundary integral method for quantum billiards in a constant magnetic field ...... 65 M. L. Tiago, T. O. de Carvalho, and M. A. M. de Aguiar

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Random walk on a linear chain with a quenched distribution of jump lengths ...... 71 Ryszard Kutner and Philipp Maass Spatiotemporal periodic and chaotic patterns in a two-dimensional coupled map lattice system ...... 79 Fagen Xie and Gang Hu Reconstructing noisy dynamical systems by triangulations ...... 87 Stuart Allie, Alistair Mees, Kevin Judd, and David Watson Construction and properties of fractal trees with tunable dimension: The interplay of geometry and physics ..... 94 N. Vandewalle and M. Ausloos Fractional diffusion and Le´vy stable processes ...... 99 Bruce J. West, Paolo Grigolini, Ralf Metzler, and Theo F. Nonnenmacher Series-expansion studies of random sequential adsorption with diffusional relaxation ...... 107 Chee Kwan Gan and Jian-Sheng Wang Approach to the chaotic synchronized state of some driving methods ...... 124 J. Guë´mez, C. Martıń, and M. A. Matıás Renormalization theory of stochastic growth ...... 135 Matthew B. Hastings Exact time evolution and master equations for the damped harmonic oscillator ...... 153 Robert Karrlein and Hermann Grabert Directed lines in sparse potentials ...... 165 T. J. Newman and A. J. McKane Phenomenological framework for fluctuations around steady state ...... 176 Marco Paniconi and Y. Oono Geometric and healing laws in simple stochastic models of fracture in a sputtering process ...... 189 R. D’hulst, N. Vandewalle, and M. Ausloos Critical phase of a magnetic hard hexagon model on a triangular lattice ...... 194 Yasushi Honda and Tsuyoshi Horiguchi Directing nonlinear dynamic systems to any desired orbit ...... 199 Liu Zonghua and Chen Shigang Universal cubic eigenvalue repulsion for random normal matrices ...... 205 Gary Oas Accelerator mode in a gravitational bouncer as an attracting mode in a globally chaotic Hamiltonian system ..... 212 S. T. Dembin´ski and P. Pepłowski Stochastic lattice models with several absorbing states ...... 219 Haye Hinrichsen Thermodynamics of coupled identical oscillators within the path-integral formalism ...... 227 F. Brosens, J. T. Devreese, and L. F. Lemmens Folding of the triangular lattice with quenched random bending rigidity ...... 237 P. Di Francesco, E. Guitter, and S. Mori Deterministic soluble model of coarsening ...... 252 L. Frachebourg and P. L. Krapivsky Phase transitions in random networks: Simple analytic determination of critical points ...... 257 Bartolo Luque and Ricard V. Sole´ Statistics of largest loops in a random walk ...... 261 Deniz Ertas¸ and Yacov Kantor Universal limit mapping in grazing bifurcations ...... 266 Arne B. Nordmark Phase space geometry of chaotic reactive scattering: Gateways, windings, and halos ...... 271 H. Wadi and L. Wiesenfeld Correlation dimension of attractors through interspike intervals ...... 287 Rolando Castro and Tim Sauer

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Anyonic behavior of quantum group gases ...... 291 Marcelo R. Ubriaco Synchronizing hyperchaos with a single variable ...... 297 A. Tamasˇevicˇius and A. Cˇ enys Floquet-Markovian description of the parametrically driven, dissipative harmonic quantum oscillator ...... 300 Sigmund Kohler, Thomas Dittrich, and Peter Ha¨nggi Quantum transport theory based on the equilibrium density projection technique ...... 314 Joung Young Sug and Sang Don Choi Dynamics of melting argon clusters ...... 322 Gayle M. Tanner, Aniket Bhattacharya, Saroj K. Nayak, and S. D. Mahanti

Classical fluids Passive scalar advected by a rapidly changing random velocity field: Probability density of scalar differences . . . . 329 Victor Yakhot Inertial range and the finite Reynolds number effect of turbulence ...... 337 J. Qian Local nonequilibrium effect on undercooling in rapid solidification of alloys ...... 343 Peter Galenko and Sergei Sobolev Sensitivity of convective structures to mean flow boundary conditions: A correlation between symmetry and dynamics ...... 353 A. Pocheau and F. Daviaud Nonlinear instability of a fluid layer flowing down a vertical wall under imposed time-periodic perturbations .... 374 L. A. Da´valos-Orozco, S. H. Davis, and S. G. Bankoff Stability of Kolmogorov scaling in anisotropically forced turbulence ...... 381 J. Busˇa, M. Hnatich, J. Honkonen, and D. Horvath Self-consistent model of an annihilation-diffusion reaction with long-range interactions ...... 395 Valeriy V. Ginzburg, Leo Radzihovsky, and Noel A. Clark Dynamic equations and bulk viscosity near the gas-liquid critical point ...... 403 Akira Onuki Single-particle survival in parallel gated trapping ...... 421 John L. Spouge Orthogonal polynomial approach to fluids with internal degrees of freedom: The case of nonpolar, polarizable molecules ...... 426 F. Lado Phase diagram of Heisenberg fluids: Computer simulation and density functional theory ...... 436 J. J. Weis, M. J. P. Nijmeijer, J. M. Tavares, and M. M. Telo da Gama

Liquid crystals Liquid crystal phases of dipolar discotic particles ...... 447 G. Ayton, D. Q. Wei, and G. N. Patey Role of interfacial entropy in the command-surface effect ...... 455 Michael Bu¨chel, Birgit Weichart, Carsten Minx, Henning Menzel, and Diethelm Johannsmann Inﬂuence of permanent molecular dipoles on surface anchoring of nematic liquid crystals ...... 464 M. A. Osipov, T. J. Sluckin, and S. J. Cox Molecular dynamics simulations of surface-induced ordering in a nematic liquid crystal ...... 477 J. Stelzer, P. Galatola, G. Barbero, and L. Longa Structure of the nematic mesophase with cybotactic groups in liquid-crystalline poly͑urethane-ester͒s ...... 481 O. Francescangeli, M. Laus, and G. Galli

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Calorimetric study of phase transitions for butyloxybenzylidene octylaniline in silica aerogels: Static and dynamic behavior ...... 488 Zdravko Kutnjak and Carl W. Garland Tritium nuclear magnetic resonance study of T 2, HT, and DT dissolved in nematic solvents ...... 496 E. E. Burnell, C. A. de Lange, A. L. Segre, D. Capitani, G. Angelini, G. Lilla, and J. B. S. Barnhoorn Evidence of dynamic long-range correlations in a nematic-liquid-crystal–aerogel system ...... 504 Alenka Mertelj and Martin Cˇ opicˇ Gaussian tricritical behavior of heat capacity at the smectic-A –smectic-C liquid crystal transition in a racemic mixture of 4-͑1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl͒phenyl 4Ј-octyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate ...... 508 Kenji Ema, Atsushi Takagi, and Haruhiko Yao Multiple light scattering in anisotropic random media ...... 514 Holger Stark and Tom C. Lubensky Piezoelectric effects in cholesteric elastomer gels ...... 534 C.-C. Chang, L.-C. Chien, and R. B. Meyer

PART B Note to Reader ...... i

Complex fluids, diffusion-limited aggregation, and dendritic growth Phase behavior of near-critical fluids confined in periodic gels ...... 539 James P. Donley and Andrea J. Liu Monte Carlo simulation of dielectrophoretic particle chain formation ...... 544 M. Sancho, V. Giner, and G. Martıńez Growth model for ramified electrochemical deposition in the presence of diffusion, migration, and electroconvection ...... 549 Guillermo Marshall and Pablo Mocskos Propagation of collective modes in liquid cesium ...... 564 Rajneesh K. Sharma and K. Tankeshwar Measurement of the second virial coefficient for the interaction of dilute colloidal particles in a mixed solvent . . . 572 M. L. Kurnaz and J. V. Maher Solution behavior of polyethylene oxide in water as a function of temperature and pressure ...... 577 Stefan Bekiranov, Robijn Bruinsma, and Philip Pincus Statistical mechanical properties of dense emulsions and microemulsions ...... 586 Dimiter N. Petsev and Per Linse Damping of longitudinal waves in colloidal crystals of finite size ...... 592 E. A. Allahyarov, L. I. Podloubny, P. P. J. M. Schram, and S. A. Trigger Dynamics of foams with and without wall rupture ...... 598 J. J. Chae and M. Tabor Bifurcations in a sidebranch surface of a free-growing dendrite ...... 611 P. K. Galenko, M. D. Krivilyov, and S. V. Buzilov Numerical analysis of ellipsometric critical adsorption data ...... 620 Dan S. P. Smith, Bruce M. Law, Martin Smock, and David P. Landau Phase transitions in a confined quasi-two-dimensional colloid suspension ...... 637 Andrew H. Marcus and Stuart A. Rice Quantitative test of the mode-coupling theory of the ideal glass transition for a binary Lennard-Jones system .... 657 Markus Nauroth and Walter Kob Short-time scaling behavior of growing interfaces ...... 668 Michael Krech Diffusion in a fluctuating random geometry ...... 680 Bertil Halle and Stefan Gustafsson

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Roughness-induced wetting ...... 687 Roland R. Netz and David Andelman Planar isothermal solidification from an undercooled melt: Unsteady solute segregation studied with the phase-field model ...... 701 M. Conti Lattice-gas simulations of domain growth, saturation, and self-assembly in immiscible fluids and microemulsions ...... 708 Andrew N. Emerton, Peter V. Coveney, and Bruce M. Boghosian Model for water-in-oil microemulsions: Surfactant effects ...... 721 J.-M. Jin, K. Parbhakar, and L. H. Dao Line of compressibility maxima in the phase diagram of supercooled water ...... 727 Francesco Sciortino, Peter H. Poole, Ulrich Essmann, and H. E. Stanley Spectrum of self-avoiding walk exponents ...... 738 Jack Douglas, Charles M. Guttman, Alex Mah, and Takao Ishinabe Melting of systems of hard disks by Monte Carlo simulations ...... 750 Julio F. Fernańdez, Juan J. Alonso, and Jolanta Stankiewicz Solidification of binary alloys: Thermal effects studied with the phase-field model ...... 765 M. Conti Diffusion and reaction in percolating pore networks ...... 772 J. S. Andrade, D. A. Street, Y. Shibusa, S. Havlin, and H. E. Stanley Theory of surface freezing of alkanes ...... 778 Alexei V. Tkachenko and Yitzhak Rabin

Biological physics Ecological model of extinctions ...... 785 Guillermo Abramson Formation of hairpins and band broadening in gel electrophoresis of DNA ...... 789 A. N. Semenov and J.-F. Joanny Correlations in DNA sequences: The role of protein coding segments ...... 800 Hanspeter Herzel and Ivo Große Statistical mechanics of ensemble learning ...... 811 Anders Krogh and Peter Sollich Learning feature constraints in a chaotic neural memory ...... 826 Shigetoshi Nara and Peter Davis Compositional-mechanical instability of interacting mixed lipid membranes ...... 831 William M. Gelbart and Robijn Bruinsma Optimal learning in multilayer neural networks ...... 836 O. Winther, B. Lautrup, and J.-B. Zhang Deviations from uniform power law scaling in nonstationary time series ...... 845 Gandhimohan M. Viswanathan, C.-K. Peng, H. Eugene Stanley, and Ary L. Goldberger Microtubules and vesicles under controlled tension ...... 850 D. Kuchnir Fygenson, M. Elbaum, B. Shraiman, and A. Libchaber Identiﬁcation of amino acid sequences with good folding properties in an off-lattice model ...... 860 Anders Irba¨ck, Carsten Peterson, and Frank Potthast Autonomous stochastic resonance in bursting neurons ...... 868 Andre´ Longtin Frequency dependent signal transfer in neuron transistors ...... 877 Rolf Weis and Peter Fromherz

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Plasma physics Self-contained solution to the spatially inhomogeneous electron Boltzmann equation in a cylindrical plasma positive column ...... 890 L. L. Alves, G. Gousset, and C. M. Ferreira Shifts and asymmetry parameters of hydrogen Balmer lines in dense plasmas ...... 907 Sibylle Gu¨nter and Axel Ko¨nies Bremsstrahlung in hot plasmas with partially ionized atoms ...... 912 M. Lamoureux and N. Avdonina Electron temperature and density measurements in laser-produced large-scale-length gas-bag plasmas by x-ray spectroscopy ...... 927 S. H. Glenzer, C. A. Back, K. G. Estabrook, B. J. MacGowan, D. S. Montgomery, R. K. Kirkwood, J. D. Moody, D. H. Munro, and G. F. Stone Investigation of a short-wavelength laser plasma of a gas-liner pinch discharge ...... 939 S. H. Glenzer, Th. Wrubel, H.-J. Kunze, and L. Godbert-Mouret Iterative filtering procedure for the Vlasov equation ...... 947 K. Chriaa, V. Sˇkarka, and D. Carati Recovery of a weakly magnetized negative-ion plasma after photodetachment ...... 956 A. A. Ivanov, A. B. Sionov, F. El Balghiti-Sube, and M. Bacal Dynamics of solitary waves in the Zakharov model equations ...... 962 B. Malomed, D. Anderson, M. Lisak, M. L. Quiroga-Teixeiro, and L. Stenflo Ion charge state distributions of vacuum arc plasmas: The origin of species ...... 969 Andre´ Anders Finite Larmor radius effects and velocity correlations in two-dimensional electrostatic plasma turbulence ...... 982 B. Krane, H. L. Pećseli, and J. Trulsen Fokker-Planck description of particle charging in ionized gases ...... 991 Themis Matsoukas and Marc Russell Theory of magnetic field generation by relativistically strong laser radiation ...... 995 V. I. Berezhiani, S. M. Mahajan, and N. L. Shatashvili Charged magnetosonic solitons propagating in gentle density gradients and wave breaking ...... 1002 Tzihong Chiueh and Feng-Ruey Juang Nonlinear electron heating in ultrahigh-intensity-laser–plasma interaction ...... 1011 Erik Lefebvre and Guy Bonnaud

Physics of beams Ponderomotive forces and stimulated Compton scattering of free electrons in a laser field ...... 1015 M. V. Fedorov, S. P. Goreslavsky, and V. S. Letokhov Transition crossing in proton synchrotrons using a flattened rf wave ...... 1028 C. M. Bhat, J. Griffin, J. MacLachlan, M. Martens, K. Meisner, and K. Y. Ng

Classical physics, including nonlinear media Light diffraction at mixed phase and absorption gratings in anisotropic media for arbitrary geometries ...... 1035 G. Montemezzani and M. Zgonik Discoid solitons and solitary wave trains in an expanding collisionless local universe ...... 1048 Tzihong Chiueh and Tak-Pong Woo Perturbation of parametrically excited solitary waves ...... 1060 S. Longhi Propagation of electromagnetic energy and momentum through an absorbing dielectric ...... 1071 R. Loudon, L. Allen, and D. F. Nelson

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Dissipative three-wave structures in stimulated backscattering. I. A subluminous solitary attractor ...... 1086 Carlos Montes, Alexander Mikhailov, Antonio Picozzi, and Fre´de´ric Ginovart Dissipative three-wave structures in stimulated backscattering. II. Superluminous and subluminous solitons ...... 1092 Carlos Montes, Antonio Picozzi, and Derradji Bahloul

Computational physics Monte Carlo simulation of the shapes of domains in phospholipid monolayers ...... 1106 M. A. Mayer and T. K. Vanderlick Universality and critical phenomena in string defect statistics ...... 1120 Karl Strobl and Mark Hindmarsh Dynamics of phase separation of a simple ﬂuid mixture: Comparison between molecular dynamics and numerical integration of the phenomenological equation ...... 1150 H. Furukawa Pivot method for global optimization ...... 1162 Pablo Serra, Aaron F. Stanton, and Sabre Kais

BRIEF REPORTS Langmuir waves in a dusty plasma with variable grain charge ...... 1166 Jitesh R. Bhatt Monte Carlo fixed scale transformation for nonlocal fractal growth models ...... 1170 Marina Piccioni, Raffaele Cafiero, and Alessandro Vespignani Mutually penetrating motion of self-organized two-dimensional patterns of solitonlike structures ...... 1174 K. Indireshkumar and A. L. Frenkel Surface growth with spatially correlated noise ...... 1178 Mai Suan Li Wave fronts in bistable reactions with anomalous Le´vy-flight diffusion ...... 1181 Damiań H. Zanette Coupling of sound and internal waves in shear flows ...... 1185 Andria D. Rogava and Swadesh M. Mahajan Heat flux and shear rate in turbulent convection ...... 1189 Emily S. C. Ching Common mechanism links spiral wave meandering and wave-front–obstacle separation ...... 1193 J. M. Starobin and C. F. Starmer Structure function of polymer nematic liquid crystals: A Monte Carlo simulation ...... 1197 Randall D. Kamien and Gary S. Grest Percolation in a lattice model of a microemulsion ...... 1201 C. M. McCallum and J. R. Gunn Randomness and determinism in soap froth dynamics ...... 1205 Boris Levitan Discreteness effects on kinklike excitations in microtubules ...... 1209 P. Woafo, G. H. Gueńoue, and A. S. Bokosah Effect of two-temperature electron distribution on the Bohm sheath criterion ...... 1213 S. B. Song, C. S. Chang, and Duk-In Choi Covariant formulation of wave-particle interaction in a transverse magnetic field ...... 1217 J. T. Mendonça and L. Oliveira e Silva Dark solitons in weakly saturable nonlinear media ...... 1221 Yijiang Chen

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Experimental observations of structural relaxation in granular matter ...... 1225 M. Massalska-Arodz´, J. Mayer, J. Bran´kowski, A. Ostrowicz, and E. Lisiecki

COMMENTS Comment on ‘‘Universal formulas for percolation thresholds’’ ...... 1228 S. C. van der Marck Reply to ‘‘Comment on ‘Universal formulas for percolation thresholds’ ’’ ...... 1230 Serge Galam and Alain Mauger

ERRATA Erratum: Origin of depolarized light scattering in supercooled liquids: Orientational ﬂuctuation versus induced scattering mechanisms ͓Phys. Rev. E 53, 896 ͑1996͔͒ ...... 1232 H. Z. Cummins, Gen Li, Weimin Du, Robert M. Pick, and Catherine Dreyfus

Cumulative Author Index ...... 1233