DOCSLIB.ORG

Migrant Workers' Access to Justice at Home: Indonesia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Migrant Workers' Access to Justice at Home: Indonesia University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law 10-2013 Migrant Workers’ Access to Justice at Home: Indonesia Bassina Farbenblum University of New South Wales Eleanor Taylor-Nicholson University of New South Wales Sarah Paoletti University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, East Asian Languages and Societies Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, International Business Commons, and the Social Welfare Commons Repository Citation Farbenblum, Bassina; Taylor-Nicholson, Eleanor; and Paoletti, Sarah, "Migrant Workers’ Access to Justice at Home: Indonesia" (2013). Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law. 495. https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/495 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law by an authorized administrator of Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MIGRANT WORKERS’ ACCESS TO JUSTICE SERIES Migrant Workers’ Access to Justice at Home: Indonesia Bassina Farbenblum l Eleanor Taylor-Nicholson l Sarah Paoletti Migrant Workers’ Access to Justice at Home: Indonesia Migrant Workers’ Access to Justice at Home: Indonesia Bassina Farbenblum University of New South Wales Eleanor Taylor-Nicholson University of New South Wales Sarah Paoletti University of Pennsylvania Copyright © 2013 by Bassina Farbenblum, Eleanor Taylor-Nicholson, and Sarah H. Paoletti. This publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs 3.0 license. You may copy and distribute the document, only in its entirety, as long as it is attributed to the authors and used for noncommercial, educational, or public policy purposes.Photographs may not be used separately from the publication. ISBN: 978-1-936133-94-9 Published by Open Society Foundations 224 West 57th Street New York, NY 10019, USA www.soros.org For more information contact: This publication is available as a pdf on the websites of the Open Society Foundations (www.opensocietyfoundations.org) and the Migrant Worker Access to Justice Project (www.migrantworkerjustice.org) For more about the Open Society International Migration Initiative, contact Elizabeth Frantz at: [email protected] For more about the Migrant Worker Access to Justice Project, contact Bassina Farbenblum at: [email protected] Cover photo: After a 10-hour drive, Sugiyani Waryomiharjo arrives at a migrant training center in Jakarta on February 26, 2007, and tries to contact her mother and her husband before she has to surrender her mobile phone so she won’t be “distracted” by calls from family members. ©Sim Chi Yin/VII Mentor Program Text layout and printing by Createch Ltd. 4 Table of Contents Terminology and Glossary of Terms 9 List of Tables and Figures 11 Tables 11 Figures 11 Acknowledgments 13 Executive Summary 15 1. Introduction 23 1.A Origin Countries and Access to Justice for Migrant Workers 23 1.B Overview of Report and Research Method 25 Report Overview 25 Research Methodology 26 1.C International Law and a Rights-Based Approach to Labor Migration 28 International Human Rights Instruments and Labor Migration 28 Origin Country Obligations Regarding Access to Justice and Related Rights 29 1.D Defining and Assessing Access to Justice 31 5 2. Indonesian Workers to The Middle East: A Case Study 33 2.A Indonesian Labor Migration 33 2.B Indonesian Labor Migration to the Middle East 34 2.C Migrant Workers’ Access to Justice in Indonesia 36 3. Legal & Institutional Frameworks Governing Indonesian Labor Migration 39 3.A Legal Framework 39 3.B Institutional Framework: Responsibilities of Relevant Government and Private Entities 42 Government Agencies 42 Recruitment Agencies and Other Private Actors 45 3.C Procedural Framework and Institutional Responsibilities Pre-Departure 47 4. Harms Experienced by Migrant Workers 53 4.A Harms in Destination Country 53 4.B Harms in Indonesia 56 5. Migrant Workers’ Rights Under Indonesian Legislation, Contract, and International Law 57 5.A Domestic Laws 58 The Constitution 58 Statute 59 Rights in Regional Legislation 60 5.B International Law And Bilateral Agreements 61 5.C Contractual Rights 62 Placement Agreement 62 Employment Agreement 65 Fulfillment of Rights in Placement and Employment Agreements 65 5.D Summary of Rights under Law and Contract 67 6. Mechanisms for Enforcing Rights and Seeking Redress 69 6.A Negotiation and Informal Dispute Resolution 71 6.B Administrative Dispute Resolution 74 Government Agencies’ Dispute Resolution Functions 75 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Dispute Resolution Procedure 78 “Mediation” 79 Remedies, Sanctions, and Appeals 81 Perceived Effectiveness of Administrative Dispute Resolution 81 6.C The Migrant Worker Insurance Program 85 Legal Framework and Institutions for Insurance 87 Purchasing Insurance and Claims Procedures 92 Perceived Effectiveness of the Insurance Program 95 6.D Seeking Redress in the Courts 99 Overview of Indonesian Courts and Tribunals 99 Redress through the Criminal Justice System 101 Redress through the Civil Courts 106 6.E Protection Abroad and Embassy Assistance 107 Legal and Institutional Framework 108 Perceived Effectiveness of Embassy Dispute Resolution 112 Beyond Claims Assistance: Other Protective Services 119 7. Challenges to Enforcing Migrant Workers’ Rights and Obtaining Redress 123 7.A Centralization and Distance 124 7.B Documentation Requirements that Workers Struggle to Meet 124 7.C Workers’ Concerns and Cases Not Taken Seriously 126 7.D Lack of Awareness and Understanding of Legal Rights and Redress Options 127 7.E Lack of Legal Aid and Legal Advice 128 7.F Inadequate Regulation of The Private Sector, which Is Not Held Accountable for Worker Harms 129 7.G Overlaps and Gaps in Migrant Worker Protection 130 7.H Time, Resources, and Emotional Cost 130 7.I Corruption and Perceptions of Corruption 131 7.J Summary—Despondency and Frustration 132 8. Conclusion and Recommendations 135 8.A Summary of General Findings 136 8.B Recommendations 149 MIGRANT WORKERS’ ACCESS TO JUSTICE AT HOME: INDONESIA 7 Annexures Annexure 1: International Law Ratifications by Indonesia 161 Annexure 2: Interviews and Focus Groups 163 Annexure 3: List of Organizations/Persons Interviewed 165 Notes 167 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Terminology and Glossary of Terms Abbreviation English Translation Bahasa Indonesia or Acronym ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations BAP Examination Report Berita Acara Pemeriksaan BNP2TKI National Body for the Placement Badan Nasional Penempatan and Protection of Indonesian dan Perlindungan Tenaga Migrant Workers Kerja Indonesia BP3TKI Agency for the Service, Balai Pelayanan, Penempatan Placement and Protection of dan Perlindungan Tenaga Indonesian Migrant Workers Kerja Indonesia CMW United Nations Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers and Members of their Families DPR People’s Representative Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Assembly DPRD Regional People’s Representative Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Assembly Daerah 9 Abbreviation English Translation Bahasa Indonesia or Acronym KPA Insurance Membership Card Kartu Peserta Asuransi KTKLN Overseas Workers Card Kartu Tenaga Kerja Luar Negeri KUHAP Criminal Procedure Code Kode Undang Undang Hukum Acara Pidana KUHP Criminal Code Kode Undang Undang Hukum Pidana MoFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs Kementerian Luar Negeri MoM Ministry of Manpower and Kementerian Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigration Transmigrasi PAP Pre-Departure Briefing Pembekalan Akhir Pemberangkatan Perda Regional Regulation Peraturan Daerah SATGAS TKI Special Taskforce on the Satuan Tugas Penanganan Handling of Cases of Migrant Kasus Warga Negara Workers and Citizens Abroad Indonesia/ Tenaga Kerja Threatened with the Death Indonesia di Luar Negeri yang Sentence Terancam Hukuman Mati SOP Standard Operating Procedure TKI Indonesian Migrant Worker/ Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Overseas Worker Unless otherwise stated, all references in this report to statutory provisions refer to articles of Law 39/2004. The term “recruitment agency” refers to private migrant labour recruitment com- panies, commonly described elsewhere as manpower agencies, placement agencies or private employment agencies, among other terms. The term “country of origin” refers to a migrant worker’s home country (described elsewhere as “sending country,” a term regarded by some as reflecting the commodifica- tion of migrant workers). The terms “destination country” and “country of work” refer to the country in which a migrant worker is placed as a temporary migrant worker, instead of “receiving country.” 10 TERMINOLOGY AND GLOSSARY OF TERMS List of Tables and Figures Tables Table 1: Information and Training Requirements 49 Table 2: Problems Reported by Migrant Workers Arriving through Jakarta Terminal 4, 2008–2011 54 Table 3: Complaints by Type Received by BNP2TKI Crisis Center, July 2011–June 2012 55 Table 4: Laws and Regulations Governing to Migrant Worker Insurance 87 Table 5: Periods of Migrant Worker Insurance Coverage 90 Table 6: Enhanced Protection Role for Embassies after 2006 108 Table 7: Rights Protection Obligations of Indonesian Foreign Missions 110 Figures Figure 1: Approvals by Ministry of Manpower for Indonesians to Work Abroad 2006–2011, Total and to Middle East 35 Figure 2: Middle East Destinations for Indonesian Migrant
Load more

Recommended publications
  • How Syrian Refugee Families Are Coping During COVID-19
    Tragedy Tears Through Lebanon. Syrians Are Marginalized More Than Ever. As told by Syrian refugees whose lives remain in British Columbia, but compassion flies back home. Syrian refugee family’s youngest daughters, Nour Khalaf (nine years old) standing behind her little sister, Sarah Khalaf (three years old). PRINCE GEORGE, Canada - An eager ray of Saturday sunshine trickles in through Syrian refugee Aliyah Kora's window. The week has finally presented its gift. She instinctively goes downstairs, decamping to her living room. With her husband selling food at the local market and her five children fast asleep, this is the time she has for herself, her one respite, to help quiet the onslaught of worries that plague her thoughts. "Mama?" Her voice makes the turbulent journey to Turkey via WhatsApp, before reaching the ear of her mother. Though she dearly wishes to be in Syria with the rest of her children, Aliyah's mother seeks medical attention, a practically impossible phenomenon in her hometown, Aleppo, stemming from the sheer enormity of the cost. Aliyah's mother is in dire need of heart surgery, having been turned away from Lebanon she remains on the outskirts of Turkey. Aliyah spends the rest of the morning connecting with her brothers and sisters, who have been scattered helplessly throughout Syria, with some edging towards the borders, where food is scarce and death prevailing. The usual tranquility this morning brings her, is however, clouded. Burdened by a fresh layer of misery, afflicting displaced Syrians today, that she so narrowly escaped. This haze of sorrow came about on 4th August 2020 when an explosion fuelled by a large amount of ammonium nitrate stored at the port of Lebanon's capital city, Beirut, ripped through the city.
    [Show full text]
  • Liberalism Is Adultism
    Draft of Nov. 24, 2020 Liberalism Is Adultism Deirdre Nansen McCloskey forthcoming (in Spanish) in Antonella Marty, ed., The Handbook of Freedom: A Guide to Economic, Political, and Cultural Liberalism. Bilbao, Spain: Editorial Planeta/Deusto We all want to be adults. You want the self-rule of someone seen as an adult by others in a liberated society. It is an honor and a delight to pursue your own projects harmless to others—knitting, or model railroading—or even helpful to others—working and then trading. Remember how you felt when you first went to high school, so clearly on the way to becoming an adult. Remember how you felt when you earned your first paycheck, and were no longer going to Daddy for all your money. Remember when you cast your first vote. That you want self-rule as an adult does not mean that you want to be lonely, or that you disdain community. In 1819 a French philosopher, Benjamin Constant, spoke of two kinds of liberty, which he called “ancient” and “modern.” The modern one is the lovely self-rule, the paycheck honestly earned. The ancient one is the equally lovely right to participate, in for example a Greek city state, proudly carrying a shield in the phalanx. “Having a voice” is the present-day phrase for it, the dignity among other citizenly dignities of a vote. Without a vote as an adult, you are a social child, a non- person, disregarded, officially subordinated. Some men opposed giving women the vote because women were after all subordinated to their fathers and then their husbands.
    [Show full text]
  • Legal Notice to Husband Format
    Legal Notice To Husband Format Bemused Art apperceives her Uruguayans so Saturdays that Rickard vaporizes very haggardly. How squat is Leigh when dibranchiate and tamest Neall forearm some stockinet? Tod remains enkindled: she snapping her medusa embraced too bias? What she is highly valued, the choice of the next few factors to the information as certain requirements, format legal notice to husband and getting divorced, there are personal visits by action This remainder is used when her husband and let first apply for various divorce. Things to ask for in a signature money have marital property Assets and debts are equally divided in divorce typically. How your Serve all Divorce Papers Family Law and-help Center. You've received a fluent or email threatening legal action discuss what First about not panic Don't immediately comply with the letter that angry and deer a fiery. Personal information is expressed is to format we change. How Does The rack Require and Send A frost To Owner There's are Lot to Play launch's the Difference Between Certified Mail and Certified Mail. If specific response did not help after successful delivery of the letter scrap may spend no cost course this legal next Step 1 Describe the Demand Detail is key. How we send legitimate legal notice 10 important points to remember. Wife is often messy and how much is an easy decision. Contempt of Court by Family Law Cases The Basics. Send your spouse a force You smile use a legally acceptable way to prove does the Court yourself you can so cool are 3 ways to give interim notice.
    [Show full text]
  • Racial Equity Resource Guide
    RACIAL EQUITY RESOURCE GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 Foreword 5 Introduction 7 An Essay by Michael R. Wenger 17 Racial Equity/Racial Healing Tools Dialogue Guides and Resources Selected Papers, Booklets and Magazines Racial Equity Toolkits and Guides to Action Workshops, Convenings and Training Curricula 61 Anchor Organizations 67 Institutions Involved in Research on Structural Racism 83 National Organizing and Advocacy Organizations 123 Media Outreach Traditional Media Social Media 129 Recommended Articles, Books, Films, Videos and More Recommended Articles: Structural/Institutional Racism/Racial Healing Recommended Books Recommended Sources for Documentaries, Videos and Other Materials Recommended Racial Equity Videos, Narratives and Films New Orleans Focused Videos Justice/Incarceration Videos 149 Materials from WKKF Convenings 159 Feedback Form 161 Glossary of Terms for Racial Equity Work About the Preparer 174 Index of Organizations FOREWORD TO THE AMERICA HEALING COMMUNITY, When the W.K. Kellogg Foundation launched America Healing, we set for ourselves the task of building a community of practice for racial healing and equity. Based upon our firm belief that our greatest asset as a foundation is our network of grantees, we wanted to link together the many different organizations whose work we are now supporting as part of a broad collective to remove the racial barriers that limit opportunities for vulnerable children. Our intention is to ensure that our grantees and the broader community can connect with peers, expand their perceptions about possibilities for their work and deepen their understanding of key strategies and tactics in support of those efforts. In 2011, we worked to build this community We believe in a different path forward.
    [Show full text]
  • Female Identity from Repression to Resistance
    CHAPTER VI Female identity From repression to resistance The role of women and issues relating to women’s sexual identity are recurrent themes in Indonesian literature emanating from Bali.1 In Chapter V the centrality of women’s roles in Balinese social relationships that are narrowly defi ned in caste terms was discussed. While issues relating to caste generally enable the construction of female identity in traditional terms and in a domestic context, a variety of other, more modern models of female identity in public contexts are allocated to women in Balinese society and literature. They are portrayed as rape victims, slave traders, prostitutes, pre- marital sexual partners, social and political activists, and symbols of oppression. There is a signifi cant change in the way female characters are depicted in Indonesian literature from Bali throughout the twentieth century. With few exceptions, in works from the colonial and national revolution periods most female characters are depicted as being powerless under a male dominated social and cultural hegemony, whereas in works from the late New Order and reformation periods they fearlessly challenge this oppression. The shift in the representation of women from repression to resistance challenges the widely accepted image of Balinese women as being subservient and sexualized objects and also proposes a new way of defi ning Balinese female identity. In the introduction to a special issue of Rima devoted to women writers and women’s issues in recent Indonesian literature, 1 For a detailed bibliography of short stories and plays discussed in this chapter, see Appendix F. I Nyoman Darma Putra - 9789004253636 Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 04:15:52PM via free access 188 A literary mirror Tineke Hellwig and Michael Bodden (2007:5) summarize a new trend in women’s writing that began to question gender relations within New Order Indonesian society.
    [Show full text]
  • Equality for Spouses in Washington Community Property Law—1972 Statutory Changes
    Washington Law Review Volume 48 Number 3 5-1-1973 Equality for Spouses in Washington Community Property Law—1972 Statutory Changes Harry M. Cross University of Washington School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wlr Digital Par t of the Family Law Commons Commons Network Recommended Citation Logo Harry M. Cross, Equality for Spouses in Washington Community Property Law—1972 Statutory Changes, 48 Wash. L. Rev. 527 (1973). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wlr/vol48/iss3/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at UW Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington Law Review by an authorized editor of UW Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON LAW REVIEW Volume 48, Number 3, 1973 ARTICLES EQUALITY FOR SPOUSES IN WASHINGTON COMMUNITY PROPERTY LAW-1972 STATUTORY CHANGES Harry M. Cross* INTRODUCTION The past two decades have witnessed an expanded drive for equal treatment before the law.' Although courts, using the fourteenth amendments equal protection hammer, have built coffins for discrimi- nation based on race, lineage, and financial status, centuries-old dis- crimination based on sex largely has avoided legal interment.2 How- ever, the need for change recently has been recognized by both the * Professor of Law, University of Washington; B.A., Washington State University, 1936; J.D., University of Washington, 1940. The authorwishes to express his appreciation to Harvey H. Chamberlin, third year law student, University of Washington; B.A., 1970, University of Washington; who col- laborated in the writing of this article' 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter I Introduction
    CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The departure of Indonesian migrant labor abroad has occurred since decades ago. Indonesian migrant labors, who particularly work as domestic worker, bear the title as foreign exchange heroes due to vast contribution toward state’s annual remittance. Bank Indonesia recorded the remittances from abroad amounted up to 6.73 billion US dollar or equal to Rp 61 trillion1 in 2010. Annual report of National Agency for the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers (BNP2TKI) outlines that Saudi Arabia has been the major destination for Indonesian labors2. Table 1.1: Placement of Indonesian Migrant Labor per country per year Country of 2009 2010 2011 September 2012 Total Destination Formal Informal Formal Informal Formal Informal Formal Informal Saudi Arabia 3.957 272.676 30.155 337.564 31.713 105.931 5.019 2.518 789.533 Malaysia 84.839 39.047 154.202 0 127.679 6.426 34.921 2.048 449.162 Taiwan 5.403 53.932 18.405 68.758 18.794 60.053 5.088 20.748 250.821 United Emirate 777 39.614 23.109 48.153 8.221 31.636 636 10.753 162.899 Arab Hongkong 5 32.412 11 60.005 2.019 48.265 307 14.161 157.185 Singapore 5 33.072 56 33.318 9.391 38.400 1.177 14.164 129.583 Qatar 1.143 8.867 19.375 20.964 3.981 12.597 448 6.149 73.524 Kuwait 147 22.894 4.314 0 1.852 871 84 240 30.402 1 “Menimbang Moratorium TKI PRT ke Arab Saudi” by Muhammad Iqbal.
    [Show full text]
  • Living Under Stone Rain Stories About Indonesian Labors
    Living under StoriesStone about Indonesian Rain Labors 1 Kompilasi Perburuhan Versi English.indd 1 12/8/2009 1:48:13 PM Living under Stone Rain Stories about Indonesian Labors Living under Stone Rain Stories about Indonesian Labors © AJI Indonesia Desain. J!DSG, www.jabrik.com Cover photo. Afriadi Hikmal First Edition: December 2009 Published by: N E D N E P E D N I S I L A N R U J SI ALIAN AJI INDONESIA The Alliance of Independent Journalists (AJI) Indonesia Jl. Kembang Raya No.6 Kwitang-Senen Jakarta Pusat 10420 – Indonesia Phone.+62 21 3151214, Fax. +62 21 3151261 www.ajiindonesia.org Supported by: 2 Kompilasi Perburuhan Versi English.indd 2 12/8/2009 1:48:13 PM List of Content Foreword President of the Alliance of Independent Journalists (AJI) Indonesia 5 Country Program Director Solidarity Center Indonesia Office 9 Resident Director Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Indonesia 11 Deputy Director/Officer in Charge ILO Office for Indonesia and Timor Leste 14 The Importance of Union 17 How the Media Forget Its Own ’Labors’ 19 Sorry, No Day Off 25 Survival to the Fittest in the Prosperous City 27 Out from the Frying Pan and into the Fire 33 The Wait is not over Yet 47 Every Little Helps 53 The Fate of the Rollers 55 Protection for Domestic Workers 67 Empty Promises to Korea 71 Tono, A Brick Printers Child Labor 91 Crisis Sends School-age Children to Work 93 Living Merapi 103 Fashion Victims 107 3 Kompilasi Perburuhan Versi English.indd 3 12/8/2009 1:48:13 PM Living under Stone Rain Stories about Indonesian Labors 4 Kompilasi Perburuhan Versi English.indd 4 12/8/2009 1:48:13 PM Foreword President of the Alliance of Independent Journalists (AJI) Indonesia LABOR is a theme marginalized by our very own media.
    [Show full text]
  • A Handbook on Domestic Worker Rights Across Asia
    A Handbook on Domestic Worker Rights across Asia The Right to Unite: A Handbook on Domestic Worker Rights across Asia Copyright © 2010 Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development (APWLD) Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized and encouraged, provided the source is fully acknowledged and APWLD is notified. ISBN: 978-616-90030-3-8 Writer: Philippa Smales With contributions from: Kate Lappin, Eni Lestari, Ramon Bultron, Vivian Chong, Lilibeth Masamloc, Hsiao-Chuan Hsia, Cynthia Abdon-Tellez, Pranom Somwong Editorial Team: Kate Lappin, Tina Lee Layout and Design: Blueprint Design With funding support from: Swedish International Development Cooperations Agency (SIDA) Published by: Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development (APWLD) 189/3 Changklan Road, A. Muang Chiangmai 50100 Ph: (66) 53 284527 Fax (66) 53 280847 www.apwld.org Empowering women to use law as an instrument of change and promoting women’s human rights in the Asia Pacific region. 2 Table of Contents Foreword 5 UFDWR Joint Statement and Recommendations 8 Women and Domestic Work in Asia: An Introduction 11 The Hidden Violations of Domestic Workers’ Rights 13 Gendered Work 16 Protection through Collective Representation 18 Table of Ratifications National Laws and Trade Union Barriers to Collective Representation 21 Table of National Legislation Bangladesh 23 Hong Kong (SAR) 27 India 33 Indonesia 37 Japan 41 Malaysia 45 Philippines 49 Sri Lanka 53 Taiwan (POC) 57 Thailand 61 Conclusion 65 The Proposed Convention and Recommendation on Domestic Work 68 Analysis of the proposed ILC Convention and Recommendation on Domestic Work 77 Annex A 3 4 FOREWORD We are workers, we are not slaves.
    [Show full text]
  • A Gender Gap in Agricultural Productivity?
    A Gender Gap in Agricultural Productivity? Evidence from the Dairy Sector in India Astrid Sneyers1 Institut d'Anàlisi Economica (CSIC), Barcelona Graduate School of Economics, Spain [email protected]; [email protected] Anneleen Vandeplas DG Economic and Financial Affairs, European Commission and LICOS - Center for Institutions and Economic Performance and Faculty of Business and Economics, KU Leuven, Belgium [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract. In agriculture, women have been found to be less productive than men for a variety of reasons. Most of the studies in this domain focus on crop production, and so far there has been little evidence on the impact of gender on productivity in dairy. This paper provides empirical evidence of the impact of female decision-making power on dairy productivity in India, based on a unique household-level dataset collected in 2010 in 50 villages in Andhra Pradesh, a state in the South of India. Our analysis suggests that higher productivity is achieved in households where women take dairy production- related decisions. While caution is due in drawing overly strong conclusions, our results provide a more nuanced view on the impact of gender on agricultural productivity than the one usually put forward in the literature. Keywords: agricultural productivity, dairy sector, gender, female decision-making power JEL codes: Q18, O13 1 We would like to thank Terri Raney from FAO for encouraging us to write this paper. We also thank seminar participants at UC-Berkeley ARE for their valuable comments on a preliminary draft of this paper and Agnes Quisumbing for useful insights.
    [Show full text]
  • Women As Insurance Assets in Traditional Societies: a Study Of
    Women as Insurance Assets in Traditional Societies: * A study of brideprices during 18th-19th century China Zhiwu Chen, Yale University Shijun He, Tsinghua University Zhan Lin, Renmin University Kaixiang Peng, Henan University 2014.11.25. Abstract Before modern financial markets emerged, agrarian societies relied on non-financial means to mitigate risks. Women became an apparatus of insurance—they were traded for other resources when the survival of a family was under threat. This happened on different continents in places with little or no connections with each other. To examine how women were used in traditional societies as an insurance tool, this paper collected data on marriage- and adultery-related homicide cases from the Qing dynasty’s Criminal Case Repots Archives. Of the 73,216 criminal reports from between 1736 and 1896 we identified 3,119 cases that contain price information on wife or concubine sale, widow remarriage, regular marriage, and bride-price. This dataset is then used to investigate if bride-prices would decrease significantly during times when human survival was under pressure or threat. In our analysis, grain price is employed as a proxy for the presence of survival risks: higher grain price signals a shortage of food supply and its severity. For example, a major crop failure due to drought or other natural disasters usually leads to extremely high grain price and challenges the survival of human beings, which pressures more husbands to sell their wives or daughters for liquidity. In turn, this may result in high supply of women on the market, causing supply-demand imbalance. The price of woman traded as wife or concubine, or “bride-price” (a term as used hereafter), will likely fall as a result.
    [Show full text]
  • Outlook by the Bay 1 * Lots of Invitations & Cards * Stationery and Thank You Notes * Unique Gifts * Books and Much More!
    Complimentary Spring 2013 OutLookOutLookFor the Bay Boomer and Beyond... by the Bay DON'T LET THE KIDS HAVE ALL THE FUN BUYING A CAR ESTATE PLANNING ON EBAY An Ongoing Process FINDING JOY NATIONAL CEMETERIES in Retirement Serene Vistas to Honor Heroes Ask the Undertaker www.OutLookbytheBay.com fitness, entertainment, gardening, nutrition Spring 2013 Outlook by the Bay 1 * Lots of invitations & cards * Stationery and thank you notes * Unique gifts * Books and much more! Mention this ad and receive 15% off any one item! 2 Outlook by the Bay Spring 2013 Spring TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURES 2013 6 Don’t Let the Kids Have All the Fun 46 Acrostics 7 Secret Garden Tour 47 OutLook for the Bay: Stars of the Sea 10 Perk Up Your Patio Furniture 13 Need a Mood Booster? Go for a Walk DEPARTMENTS 14 Older Americans Month Celebrations 22 10 Things You Probably Never Knew 11 Bay Finance: Estate Plan – An About Father’s Day Ongoing Process 37 Infinity Theatre Returns 15 Bay Health: Take One Step Closer to 45 Boston Didn’t Have the Only Tea Party a Happier Healthier You 16 Bay Nutrition: Gluten-Free: Is it ARTICLES Right for You? 19 Bay Health: Why Am I So Tired? 12 Buying a Car on eBay 26 Bay Gardening: Creating a Wildlife 17 Making Good Sensors Oasis 18 Vinegar: The Household Wonder 27 Bay Health: Laser Assisted Cataract 28 Phobias: from Bizarre or Surgery 20 Always Late? Here’s Help Common to Curable 30 Bay Reflections 21 Honey, Where is My Hat? 42 Good Old Days Gone By 32 Bay Nutrition: Are You “Bananas” for 23 Finding Joy in Retirement IN EVERY ISSUE
    [Show full text]