NOA Summer Convention Brazilian Onion Industry

September/October 2015 ONION WORLD

Managing Bacterial ONION WORLD 6777 NE Vinings Way #1324, Hillsboro, OR 97124 CHANGE SERVICE REQUESTED Diseases Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE OFFICE Columbia Publishing 6777 NE Vinings Way #1324 Hillsboro, Oregon 97124 Telephone: (509) 248-2452

ONION WORLD w w w . o n i o n w o r l d . n e t Volume 31, Number 6

September/October 2015 Onion World Contacts Denise Keller...... [email protected] 6 Enza Zaden Short-Day Onion Tour: Brazil 2015 Editor J. Mike Stoker ...... [email protected] 12 National Onion Association Summer Convention Publisher / Advertising Manager Jeraleh Kastner ...... [email protected] NOA Meeting Showcases Onions as Gem of the Production / Circulation Manager Treasure Valley D. Brent Clement ...... [email protected] Consultant 18 National Onion Association NOA Pushes to Prevent Problems at the Ports EDITORIAL INFORMATION Onion World is interested in newsworthy material related to onion production and marketing. Contributions 20 National Onion Association from all segments of the industry are welcome. Submit Getting to Know Your Customers news releases, new product submissions, stories and photos via email to: dkeller@columbiapublications. com, or call (509) 697-9436. 22 Advances in Managing Onion Bacterial Diseases in the ADVERTISING SALES Northeastern US For information on advertising rates, mechanics, agency commissions, deadlines, copy submission, mailing, contract conditions and other information, call (208) 846-5955 or email: jmike@columbiapublications.com. Or call Patricia Zundel at (208) 201- 8781 or email [email protected] SUBSCRIPTIONS

U.S. 1 year $16.00; 2 years $28.00, 3 years $36.00 Canada 1 year $27.00; 2 years $45.00; 3 years $60.00 Foreign 1 year $45.00; 2 years $80.00; 3 years $109.00 Payments may be made by check, Visa, MasterCard or American Express. Subscribe online at www. onionworld.net or call (509) 248-2452. Email ad- dress changes/corrections to jkastner@columbiapublications.com or mail to Onion World, 6777 NE Vinings Way #1324, Hillsboro, OR 97124. During the NOA group's visit to the Crookham Company nursery, Serge vanWinden looks at seed sets in Onion World magazine (ISSN 1071-6653), is the selfing program, which is used to develop and maintain inbred lines. Story on page 12. published 8 times a year and mailed under permit #410, paid at San Dimas, CA 91773. It is produced by On the Cover Columbia Publishing, 6777 NE Vinings Way #1324, The National Onion Association (NOA) Hillsboro, OR 97124. Copyright 2014. All rights hosted its Summer Convention in Boise, Departments reserved. Idaho. NOA staff planned a meeting packed No part of this publication may be reproduced or with educational presentations, social events transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or and an agricultural tour. Pictured in a field of Vaquero onions at Frisby Farms are Monna 10 Calendar mechanical, for any purpose without the express writ- Canaday, NOA administrative assistant, ten permission of Columbia Publishing. For informa- Wayne Mininger, NOA executive vice 10 In the News tion on reprints call (208) 846-5955. president, and Kim Reddin, NOA director of public and industry relations. Photo by Denise CHANGE SERVICE REQUESTED Send to: Onion World, Keller 19 In the Market 6777 NE Vinings Way #1324, Hillsboro, OR 97124

2 Onion World When you peel away our onions’ layers, you’ll find INNOVATION AFTER INNOVATION.

As a leader in introducing new, improved varieties throughout the world, we are committed to bringing you the very best. Our onions are developed to give you increased yield potential and uniformity to maximize your growing potential. Backed by world class marker-assisting breeding technology and a global network of breeding scientists, it’s easy to see why we can say our seeds get better with every generation.

SUBERIZER ENVELOPE or SUBERIZER CURVE

Design sets Suberizer apart www.suberizer.com The Complete Storage ComQany Take Your Pick . . .

SUBERIZER ENVELOPE or SUBERIZER CURVE

Design sets Suberizer apart www.suberizer.com The Complete Storage ComQany had to beg the growers to leave tures. Also in the northeast, it was dry and there are approximately 45,000 hectares of our trials in the field for the hot which reduced yields, and Iris yellow onions grown from latitudes of 1 degree “IEnza Zaden Brazil Short-Day spot virus pressure is intense there. All this north to 32 degrees south. The market is Onion Tour!” said Leandro Queiros, Enza combined has created a “perfect storm” in divided into three main regions. Zaden Brazil area sales manager. onion supply. The Northeast is dry equatorial tropics, The price of onions in Brazil is $1.20 (4 A group of 40 people toured Minas and they plant and harvest onions all year Brazilian reals) per kg from the field, and Gerais and Goias, Brazil in July. Our group round on around 8,000 hectares (latitudes 6 the growers are in a harvesting frenzy. They had onion growers, seed sales representa- to 12 degrees south). The market is mostly are harvesting onions three weeks before tives, agronomists and breeders from most low technology (hand transplanting, fur- they are ready. Due to the high leaf-disease major short-day onion producing regions, row irrigation), but five years ago grow- pressure this year, not many growers have including South America, Central America, ers started converting to high-technology good yields, but those who do are making Africa, Australia, the U.S. and the Middle production with beds, direct sowing and drip a lot of money. The Netherlands exported East. We came together to share knowledge irrigation. Yields went from averages of 15 more than 90,000 tons of onions to Brazil of the Enza Zaden short-day onion range, tons per hectare to 60 tons per hectare with in the first half of 2015. In addition, 70 short-day onion machine harvest and as- higher technology and well adapted hybrid containers of short-day onions arrived from sorted facets of onion production. Our vision onion varieties such as Colossus. Spain this summer to help fill the gap in sup- was to impact the businesses of the tour While visiting the Northeast with Lewis ply, and this has never happened before. participants, as well as the short-day onion Lydon, Enza Zaden’s crop breeding man- The shortage in Brazil is caused by losses industry, as a whole, from each country ager, he immediately realized that heavy and in the storage crop from South Brazil and represented. widespread Iris yellow spot virus infection is Argentina due to rain at harvest. This is cou- a major factor in the massive yield decreases pled with reduced sowings due to drought, Growing Onions in Brazil currently found in the Northeast, as has been losses in central Brazil due to intense rain Brazil is a massive, tropical country with also experienced in many other major onion in February and March, and high tempera- a population of 200 million people, and production regions of the world.

Enza Zaden Short-Day Onion Tour: Brazil 2015 By Nicholas Mendham, Portfolio Manager and Senior Crop Specialist (Onion), Enza Zaden

6 Onion World Sattar Pourian with Behta, Lewis Lydon with Enza Zaden Australia, and Louis de Kok, a grower from South Africa, show off samples of the onion variety Rebecca during a visit to Marcelo Morita’s farm in Cristalina, Goias, Brazil.

There are around 26,000 hectares in the The farms we visited all had between South in high altitude and cool, wet condi- 100 and 200 hectares of onions. Plant tions. They grow late short-day and early populations are high: between 750,000 and intermediate open-pollinated varieties in the 1,000,000 plants per hectare. But this year mountains on small farms, where yields are most of the fields we visited lost around low. New regions are opening up inland, 20 percent of the plants, as they had 700 where with higher technology (irrigation, to 1,000mm of rain between sowing and direct sowing), large yield and quality ben- harvest. There was a lot of stemphylium efits are being realized with hybrids such as leaf disease this year, and the fields were the Python and Brunella. worst I have seen in 11 years of traveling We visited Central Brazil (Sao Paulo, there. Minas Gerais and Goias states, latitude 16 Size and quality requirements are dif- to 24 degrees south), where there are around ferent in Brazil compared to the U.S. They 9,000 hectares which are mostly hybrid, prefer medium-sized (55-65mm), firm bulbs direct sown and grown in large pivots. Pres- with good, brown skins. sure for foliage diseases is high, especially in the early sowing slots. The traditional Harvesting by Machine sowing slots are in March and April, with There is a large demand for machine har- early short-day varieties such as Cavalier vesting in many short-day onion regions due growing through the dry season. These days, to a shortage of labor. During a field day, we growers sow earlier and earlier in the wet hosted variety trials and demonstrations of a season to harvest when prices are usually number of harvesting machines. The 60 lo- higher, but leaf -disease pressure is extreme. cal Brazilian growers in attendance partici- “God told me to sow from March until pated in a practical exchange of knowledge Enza Zaden Short-Day Onion Tour partici- May, but I sow from December until April,” with Australian and South African growers pants and Brazilian growers pose for a group said Carmelo Beloni, a grower from Patro- on machine harvester types and operation. photo during the field day at the farm of cinio, Minas Gerais. Lucas Johannes in Minas Gerais, Brazil. During a symposium, three growers Varieties with strong foliage such as Taila from Australia and South Africa presented and Patricia are needed in these conditions. on machine harvesting of short-day onions,

Onion World • September/October 2015 7 Taila and Predator were among the onion varieties on display during the field and some clear points came through from all day at the farm of Lucas Johannes. three presenters. “To successfully machine harvest short- day onions, you need to plan the whole system, from soil preparation to harvest and curing facilities,” said Peter Shadbolt, a grower from Victoria, Australia. “Clods in the soil are one of the biggest problems machine harvesting short-day onions, which are softer than intermediates. We apply 2 tons of gypsum per hectare to our soil before sowing to break down clods and prevent crusting.” “You need to get a ‘carpet of onions,’” said Richard Gorman from Queensland in Australia. “A very regular, weed-free population of uniform-sized onions will flow through the machinery better, and you can use wider gaps in the chain to let the dirt fall out faster. The soil needs to be prepared very finely, especially in the top 50mm. I like to see a ‘pillow’ of dirt flowing up the chain which protects the bulbs from damage. You need to start with good quality seeds, with as many treatments as possible to get clean, healthy crops. We coat the seed, incorporating additives such as phosphorous, and apply liquid starter fertilizer directly behind the seed drill to get fast, uniform emergence and ability to apply herbicides early.” Three machine harvest methods were discussed, but all growers agreed that first removing the green tops, then direct digging and curing in bins or store gives the best quality. Varieties with hard bulbs and good skin quality are essential for machine harvesting. We learned that in the Australian market, where there are high quality standards. Varieties from our extreme quality range such as Lucinda have enough quality for some fresh market segments depending on the harvest techniques; however Lucinda is the earliest variety in this range, but it is mid-short- day. We saw some screening trials of our new extreme quality varieties in the early short-day slots. From our field visits in Brazil, all the Australian and South African growers were convinced that machine harvest of even our high yield/medium quality series such as Predator and Sirius would be very feasible with some changes in technology in Brazil.

8 Onion World ONIONS by Sakata

Dulce Reina

Excellent consistency and sweetness Yukon (SON958Y)

Great Western Vibrant brown scale and • Grower friendly and adaptable ÄYTULZZYL[LU[PVU • Good pink root tolerance Lasso • High percentage of single centers

Grower friendly and highly adaptable Sakata Knows Spanish Medallion ONIONS Superior genetics mean superior products Looking to add value to your onion program? Sakata’s got you covered with varieties bred for excellence in adaptability, Consistent yields with high yield, pink root tolerance and overall grower friendliness. Take percentage of single centers HK]HU[HNLVMHSS[OLILULÄ[Z:HRH[HVUPVUZOH]L[VVMMLY¶JVU[HJ[ your rep today!

Oct. 23-25 Vidalia Growers Allen Lund Company PMA Fresh Summit Convention and Expo, Harvest Smaller Crop Promotes Pulliam Atlanta, Ga. Visit www. Heavy rainfall and high winds lim- The Allen Lund Company has freshsummit.com. ited Georgia’s Vidalia onion crop this promoted Kelly Pulliam to business year, but prices were strong due to high development specialist in the com- Nov. 4-5 demand coupled with low-yielding pany’s Orlando, Florida office. Pulliam onion crops in Texas. joined the company in 2014 with over UK Onion & Carrot A pair of major storms brought hail 20 years of experience in the consumer Conference & Exhibition, and winds through southeast Georgia package goods industry, with one Kingsgate Conference just as fields were starting to mature, decade of that tenure spent as a food Centre, Peterborough, United taking the biggest hit on the early main brokerage owner. Kingdom. Visit http://www. season crop, says Cliff Riner, coordina- “Kelly’s past experience, owning a onionandcarrotconference. tor of the University of Georgia Vidalia consumer goods brokerage company, co.uk/. Onion and Vegetable Research Center. provided him a tremendous base of

Some fields were left unharvested knowledge to start down the path of Nov. 18-19 because of the hail damage. Bulbs were third-party logistics. Kelly came into Pacific Northwest on the small side in other fields where the office as a broker and learned the Vegetable Association winds were strong. Lund way of customer service,” says Conference and Trade Show, The inclement weather further Shaun Leiker, manager of the Orlando Three Rivers Convention reduced a crop that was already short. office. “I am excited to see what op- Center, Kennewick, Wash. Growers planted 400 to 600 fewer portunities Kelly is going to bring to Contact Sheri Nolan, (509) acres compared to recent years, accord- ALC next.” 585-5460 or visit www.pnva. ing to Riner. Specializing as a national third- org. party transportation broker established in 1976, the Allen Lund Company Dec. 2-5 works with shippers and carriers across National Onion Appeals Court the nation to transport dry, refriger- Association Annual ated (specializing in produce), and Convention, Argonaut Hotel, Rules on Vidalia flatbed freight. With nationwide offices San Francisco, Calif. Visit Shipping Date and over 400 employees, the Allen www.onions-usa.org. An appeals court has ruled that Lund Company managed more than Georgia’s agriculture commissioner 300,000 shipments in 2014. Dec. 8–10 can set a start-date for the packing and Great Lakes Fruit, shipping of the state’s Vidalia onions. Vegetable and Farm Back in 2013, the state agriculture Market EXPO, DeVos Place commissioner established a rule setting Conference Center, Grand a packing date that he said was meant Panama Bans Rapids, Mich. Visit www. to protect the Vidalia brand by keeping Onion Imports glexpo.com. immature onions off the market. Panama’s Ministry of Agricultural Grower Delbert Bland challenged Development has banned the entry the rule, saying he should be able to or transport of imported onions and po- Editor’s Note: To pack onions when he thinks they’re tatoes from production areas where the have your event listed, ready. A judge ruled in favor of Bland presence of regulated pests has been please email the editor, and struck down the rule. detected, given that the country is con- Denise Keller, at dkeller@ The state appealed that decision, and sidered to be of low pest prevalence. columbiapublications.com. the Georgia Court of Appeals has now The phytosanitary protection measure Please send your information ruled in favor of the state. aims to prevent the entry of pests that 90 days in advance. Bland is expected to appeal the are still unknown in Panama and to latest decision to the Georgia Supreme protect the future granting of Pest Free Court. Area certifications.

10 Onion World PROTECT O NIONS FROM NEMATODES AND PINK ROOT

Telone® II and Telone C-17 soil fumigants are applied prior to planting, creating a zone of protection throughout seedbeds and allowing onions to develop strong and thrive. The result: extensive, healthy root systems capable of producing high-yielding, high-quality onions. ®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company mR6ĔSnĔǞǞǟǞ ĔǞĔ6Ĕ "ǞǞǞĔĔǞǟ ǟĔ 'ĔǟǞǞ) ǟ 0, ǟ ǟ ĔǞĔ Ĕ National Onion Association Summer Convention NOA Meeting Showcases Onions as Gem of the

Stock seed and seed for large acreage testing Treasure Valley of new hybrids is produced inside these large “mega-cages” at the Payette Seminis Research Story and photos by Denise Keller, Editor Station.

hey say the grass is always industry, of which the onion seed busi- large “mega-cages” used to produce 50- greener on the other side of ness is a prominent component, said 100 kg of seed for large acreage testing Tthe fence. And for many onion Wayne Mininger, NOA executive vice of new hybrids and to produce adequate growers touring the Treasure Valley of president. This was evident during the quantities of stock seed. The group also Idaho and eastern Oregon during the Na- convention’s six-stop tour of the area. got a look at hundreds of smaller isola- tional Onion Association (NOA) Summer “By emphasizing the seed industry, I tion cages used for breeding research and Convention, it seemed the onions were think we gave people a snapshot of the foundation seed. bigger on the other side of the proverbial influence the onion seed industry has in “Unfortunately, there is a lot of fence, as well. the valley alongside the large production work that goes into producing a hybrid As Rich Myers with John F. Stam- and shipping area that it is,” Mininger vegetable that will be competitive in baugh and Co., in Plymouth, Ohio, light- said. the market,” said Deron Beck, Seminis heartedly reported, “Our onions [in Ohio] The tour kicked off at the Crookham technology development representa- have been looking fantastic. On a scale Company nursery in Caldwell, Idaho. tive. “We have to get really efficient at of one to 10, I’d say they’re an eight. You The fourth-generation family-owned throwing material away that doesn’t meet gentlemen out here are probably about a business produces onion seed, sweet corn grade, and focus on those few potential 12.” seed and popcorn seed. hybrids that stand out and perform across Other growers agreed, joking they had Gesturing toward the breeding cages multiple regions.” thought their crop looked good. That is, surrounding the group, onion breeder Just three miles down the road, the until they arrived in the Treasure Valley. Dave Whitwood explained that the nurs- team at Bejo Seeds welcomed the group In the midst of an early onion season ery has approximately 1,400 lots includ- to the company’s brand new solar-pow- and as one of the largest onion producing close to 700 test crosses. Of those, ered research facility in Weiser, Idaho. tion areas in North America, the Treasure about 0.5 percent will eventually make Here, the group saw the instruments used Valley was a fitting location for the 2015 it to commercialization, he said, add- in taking seed from cage harvest through NOA Summer Convention, held July 15- ing that developing a new onion variety the cleaning process and into the final 18 in Boise, Idaho. “from scratch” is a 16-year process. step of being logged for inventory. Bejo’s Next, it was off to the Payette Seminis Darlene and Rob Maxwell, along with Agriculture Tour Research Station in Payette, Idaho, where Rob’s assistant, Victor Valadez, empha- Rich in agricultural diversity, the the company breeds new onion, carrot sized the attention to detail required in Treasure Valley has a substantial onion and sweet corn hybrids. The tour featured every step of the seed-cleaning process

12 Onion World Wayne Mininger and Larry and Lorraine Bauman enjoy a Basque meal inspired by centuries-old menus at the NOA's "Basque-ing on the Block" event.

We know onions and proudly recommend... Jack Forest (right) explains how the color sorter picks out onion seed from other materials at Bayer CropScience Vegetable Seed’s facility in Parma, Idaho.

at the research level in order to avoid contamination. A stop at the Malheur Experiment Station in Ontario, Oregon, provided an opportunity to view an onion variety trial and learn about some of the 19 onion- related trials happening at the station. The research is looking at irrigation management, fertility, variety testing, insect pest management, weed control, disease management and food safety. Great Western F1 Spanish Medallion F1 “I don’t know if this can be proven Intermediate Onion Late Intermediate Spanish Onion statistically – and there is plenty of great r Can be direct seeded or transplanted r Excellent skin retention onion research being conducted at other r Ranges from colossal to jumbo in size r Vigorous, High Yields universities and research centers – but r Good pink root tolerance r Small refined necks given the number, scale and diversity of Brea, California - Headquarters Washington, Western Oregon & Nevada research projects, I think it’s fair to say #PCCZ"SFMMBOPr 4UFWF(SBUPOr there’s more onion research at the Mal- Lancaster & San Joaquin Valleys #SJBO)BEEPOr heur Experiment Station than anywhere (MFOO.BSTICVSO#SJBO)BEEPOr ;BOF#FBNTr #PC4DBUFOBr Skagit Valley, Washington else,” said Stuart Reitz, a professor at Desert Southwest +FOO4NJUIr Oregon State University. “That reflects Rick Linkenhoger, Phil Maag and (FPSHJB 'MPSJEB5IF$BSPMJOBT how much the local onion industry val- "TIMFZ.BSTICVSOr %PO.PSPDDPr Colorado & New Mexico ;FC+BNFTr ues the research and supports it through -BSSZ%VFMMr $ISJT)PHHr the Idaho-Eastern Oregon Onion Com- Idaho, East Oregon & Utah 3JP(SBOEF7BMMFZ8FTU5FYBT mittee.” %BOOZ(BCJPMBr Norman Linkenhoger, Paul McDaniel, ;BOF#FBNTr 'SFE"SFMMBOP'MBDP#BSSr Next on the agenda were lunch and 8JOUFS(BSEFO5FYBT a tour of Bayer CropScience Vegetable &EEJF7FSOPSr Seed’s facility in Parma, Idaho. The seed )PNF0GGJDF.FSDVSZ-BOF #SFB $"r r'"9 conditioning facility conditions, stores,

Onion World • September/October 2015 13 Treasure Valley Facts & Figures • The Treasure Valley has 21,000 acres planted in onions. • About 60 percent of the Treasure Valley’s onion acreage is in Malheur County, Oregon, with the remainder in Idaho. • Malheur County, Oregon, is the largest onion producing county in the country. • The Treasure Valley is home to more than 300 onion growers and 36 onion shippers. • The area ships more than 1 billion pounds of onions each season. • Idaho is ranked fourth in the nation for summer storage onion production. • If Idahoans had to consume all the onions produced annually in the state, each resident would need to eat two onions per day. • Idaho grows 70 percent of the hybrid temperate sweet corn seed produced in the world. • Idaho is ranked first in the nation for potato production. • Idaho’s top commodity in terms of acres harvested is hay.

packages and ships Nunhems brand on- Kevin Stewart, western regional sales can enjoy water savings of 20 to 30 per- ion, carrot, melon and processing tomato manager with Jain Irrigation, was on cent and fertilizer savings of 50 percent seeds. It is one of three such facilities the hand to talk about the benefits of drip ir- compared to furrow irrigation. company operates and the only location rigation in onion production. He pointed “With the proper selection of drip in the U.S. The majority of the compa- out that Frisby is farming on the side of tape and field design, you can grow drip ny’s onion seed is handled at the Parma a hill with undulating slopes, but is com- onions on ground that’s not flat and still site, which also serves as the company’s pensating for topography challenges with grow a nice crop, save water and fertil- U.S. headquarters. a well-designed drip irrigation system. izer, and get an increased yield,” Stewart The tour wrapped up at Frisby Farms With drip irrigation, which delivers a low explained. in Parma, Idaho, where Russell Frisby volume of water and nutrients directly to About half the onions in the Treasure greeted the group near a 130-acre field of the root zone, water can be applied with Valley are grown under drip irrigation us- Vaquero onions. up to 90 percent uniformity, and growers ing approximately 28-32 inches of water.

14 Onion World General Session Pat Byrne, a professor in the Depart- ment of Soil and Crop Sciences at Colorado State University, took NOA convention attendees back to biology class with a presentation about genetically Pat Byrne modified (GM) crops, discussing how they are produced, as well as potential applications Onion World’s founding editor/publisher, Brent Clement, pictured with his wife, Ann, is the newest for the technology, and public perception NOA Honorary Member. The recognition is a nod to Clement’s decades of involvement in the U.S. and concerns regarding GM crops. onion industry and support of the NOA mission. As Byrne defined, GM technology allows the transfer of genes for specific nomic, environmental and food safety. “By and large, the medical and scien- traits between species using laboratory But there is a wide difference between tific establishment has supported the food techniques. Currently, nine GM crop the public’s and scientists’ views on safety of GM crops,” Byrne reported. “In species are grown commercially in the the safety of GM foods, Byrne said. He general, the feeling is that there has been U.S.: cotton, sugar beets, soybeans, corn, cited a recent poll that found 37 percent no convincing evidence that GM crops canola, papaya, alfalfa, summer squash of U.S. adults consider GM foods to be are different than conventional versions.” and potatoes. generally safe, compared to 88 percent of GM crop success stories tout reduced Opponents’ concerns with GM crops scientists with the American Association chemical use, facilitation of no-till ag, fall into the categories of ethical, eco- for the Advancement of Science. reduced soil erosion and improved water

Meet The

Volm Engineered BOOTH You are Solutions Team. 1819 here. Whether you’re considering a new equipment purchase, an existing line upgrade, or building a new state-of-the-art packing facility, the Volm VEST team can make sure you get exactly that— on time, on budget, and to your speciﬁcation.

UÊ*>V}ÊiÊÌi}À>ÌÊ>`Ê«Ìâ>Ì UÊÊ µÕ«iÌÊÃ«iVwV>Ì]ÊÃÕÀV}Ê>`ÊÃÌ>>Ì UÊÊ>VÌÞÊ`iÃ}]ÊVÃÌÀÕVÌÊ>`ÊVÃÃ} We'll get you there.

Onion World • September/October 2015 15 John Stenderup with C.H. Robinson, and Mishelle Garner and Jeanine Gabiola with Nippon Yusen Tony Eiguren with The Basque Market serves Kaisha, field questions from the audience during a panel discussion of highway and ocean transporta- Ashley Robertson a helping of paella, the nation challenges. tional dish of Spain.

quality. There is interest in developing Byrne said GM crops should be Later in the general session, John GM crops to be stress-tolerant, nutri- evaluated on a crop-by-crop basis Stenderup, C.H. Robinson’s manager of tionally-enhanced and disease-resistant, for their risks and benefits. He added grower-shipper transportation services, according to Byrne. that several issues still need attention, took the podium to update the group on “GM crops are not a silver-bullet including encouraging coexistence the current transportation market, based technology that will solve world food between GM and organic crops, on numbers from FTR Transportation In- problems single-handedly,” he conclud- minimizing development of insect telligence’s July 2015 report. He reported ed. “Neither are they frightening threats and weed resistance, and determining that the national utilization rate – the to health and environment that should be the appropriate level of government percentage of active equipment currently banned or avoided.” regulation. in use – averaged 95.6 percent after

Preliminary Acreage Estimates for 2015 Late summer/fall storage crop (Reported July 18, 2015) Courtesy of the National Onion Association

State 2013 2014 2015 New York 9,350 9,450 9,225 Michigan 2,750 2,950 2,600 N. Dakota/Minn./Ohio 1,450 1,405 1,293 Wisconsin 1,801 1,623 1,755 California 3,450 3,720 3,850 Colorado 3,695 3,985 3,935 Idaho/E. Oregon 20,100 20,700 20,600 West/Central Oregon 6,050 6,600 6,950 Utah 1,600 2,000 1,800 Nevada 3,280 3,680 3,700 Washington 21,060 22,360 21,610 Other 865 905 840 U.S. Total 75,451 79,378 78,158

16 Onion World remaining above 98 percent through- taken as a positive sign. The question is out 2014. This loosening of the market will that translate into sales?” was influenced by a combination of the change in Hours of Service rules, lower Recognition and Plans fuel costs and softer national demand. The Summer Convention banquet Concerns of market volatility in 2015 served as the venue to acknowledge two led to increased contractual freight, he individuals’ contributions to the NOA. said, resulting in a more predictable Onion World’s founding editor/pub- market and reducing demand on the spot lisher, Brent Clement, was recognized market. While rates in the contractual as an NOA Honorary Member due to market increased, the spot market has his decades of involvement in the U.S. some slack. onion industry and support of the NOA “So despite all the challenges, the mission. silver lining is that freight rates are down Mininger also announced that NOA slightly,” Stenderup said, adding that administrative assistant Monna Canaday these conditions should hold through will retire at the end of the year. With most of 2015, barring any unexpected a lump in his throat, he called the news market disruptions. “bittersweet,” saying that “all of you As for the truck driver shortage, who have had good, longtime employees commercial driver employment levels know that they become like family.” exceeded the previous high reached in The NOA will hold its 2015 Annual The Oinkari Basque Dancers perform old-style 2007. However, the national driver defi- Convention Dec. 2-5 in San Francisco. choreography from the Basque culture. cit is still estimated to be 35,000-45,000. Looking ahead, the 2016 Summer Con- vention is planned for July 20-23 in the Crop Reports Niagara Falls area, with the 2016 Annual According to crop reports shared dur- Convention to be held in conjunction ference Nov. 30 - Dec. 3 in Savannah, ing the meeting, growers in some regions with the National Allium Research Con- Georgia. of the country experienced excessively wet spring and summer weather, while others dealt with extreme heat during much of the summer. Overall, U.S. onion acreage is down 1.5 percent this year compared to 2014. Last year’s acreage was on the high side, a deviation from the 10- to 15-year downward trend in acreage. Despite the Proudly Recommends decreasing acreage, however, total onion production has been on the upswing as by the result of increasing yields, according SV6646 to Mininger. SV6646 is an eye appealing onion that yields well Further discussion during the crop under tough conditions, is bolt tolerant, and has a reports meeting painted a picture of very good disease resistance package. promising export markets for this season. Grower-shippers talked of interest from  Attractive dark bronze scales Japan, Taiwan and Korea.  Highly resistant to Fusarium basal rot and pink “In our industry, inquiry sometimes root moves markets a bit,” Mininger said, not-  Long storage potential with excellent pack-outs ing that more inquiries are being reported  Very High Single Center Percentage this year than last year. “That’s always

Todd Clark Walt Scott Casey Crookham Founder/Owner Columbia Basin 541.473.3246 Treasure Valley 509.832.2620 208.841.9702 Ed Harris Larry Chambers Willamette Valley Norm Haak We sell new and used Utah 503.559.5232 North Dakota Produce Handling Equipment. 435.230.4667 WWW.SCOTTSEED.COM 701.710.0099 www.sgaequip.com • 1-888-742-6199

Onion World • September/October 2015 17 National Onion Association NOA Pushes to Prevent Problems at the Ports

By Wayne Mininger, National Onion Association Executive Vice President

’ve worked for the National Onion Association (NOA) cally allow state governors (not just the president) to intervene for nearly 30 years. It has always been my ambition to in labor negotiations at seaports to stop disruptions and protect Ihighlight and defend the U.S. onion industry. My tenure American businesses, employees and consumers from eco- with the Association is marked by a strong desire to accom- nomic harm. plish the best possible outcomes for this industry. In a companion effort, Sen. John Thune of South Dakota Prior to the NOA delegates’ last trip to Washington D.C., introduced the Port Transparency Act of 2015 (S. 1298). This Rep. Greg Walden (R-OR) offered a possible solution to the bill would establish a port performance statistics program mess precipitated by the West Coast longshoremen’s “slow- within the Bureau of Transportation Statistics and require its downs.” Walden recommended consideration be given to director to provide an annual report to Congress on “capacity placing the longshoremen into the Railway Labor Act. Such a and throughput” at the nation’s ports. Monthly reports on U.S. move would bring efficiencies, transparencies and result-ori- port performance would include metrics that would serve as ented processes to ocean port labor negotiations. Incidentally, port performance markers, with which to determine economic this idea was also pitched by NOA member and exporter Stu impacts associated with any delays at the ports and the time Follen in an op-ed piece written for an Oregon newspaper last required to clear any congestion. winter. Additionally, Sen. James Risch of Idaho introduced the Pre- NOA delegates pitched this “practical” idea in every con- venting Labor Union Slowdowns Act of 2015 (S. 1630). This gressional office they visited. While not specifically identical legislative proposal seeks to amend the National Labor Rela- to the concept discussed, there are three legislative proposals tions Act (NLRA) to make intentional slowdowns by maritime before Congress right now that would prevent another West unions an unfair labor practice at any time – during the term Coast port fiasco similar to the one experienced last fall and of a collective bargaining agreement or otherwise. Provisions winter by America’s businesses and consumers. would be added to the NLRA to deter the future use of inten- Sen. Cory Gardner of Colorado introduced the Protecting tional production slowdowns and provide prompt and effective Orderly and Responsible Transit of Shipments (PORTS) Act of remedies to businesses that are harmed by related activities. 2015 (S. 1519). The bill addresses problematic labor disputes Further justifying your faith and the hard-earned and valu- at U.S. seaports. Among a number of things, it would specifi- able membership dues you faithfully send to the NOA, please allow me to get on the “soapbox” for a bit. These legislative “fixes” would not have been introduced – at least not this soon and not in this way – if it were not for the passion, the com- Ask about our new mitment, the “pick up your lunchbox, it’s time to go to work” POCKET PITTER attitude, and pursuit of favorable outcomes that is our way of for onions and life on your behalf here at the NOA. other narrow row crops. Editor’s note: This material is excerpted from a report Ag Engineering 800-627-9099 given by Wayne Mininger, executive vice president of the www.dammerdiker.com National Onion Association, during the Association’s summer convention in Boise, Idaho.

18 Onion World In the Market

Veg-Fresh Farms Adds Organic Onions Veg-Fresh Farms’ fresh division, Good Life™ Organic, is adding organic red, white and yellow onions to its product line. Good Life™ Organic will be supplying the marketplace with organic onions year-round from California and the Pacific Northwest. The company is offering its customers organic onions in three sizes of packaging: 16 three-pound bags, 40-pound stickered cartons and 50-pound sacks. “The onion market has been strong this summer, and with the continued growth in customers’ demand for organic produce, Good Life™ Organic onions couldn’t be launching at a better time,” says Ryan Galindo, a buyer for Good Life™ Organic. Visit www.vegfresh.com. “If It’s Seed - We Have It”

Magnesium Chloride- Based Fertilizer Approved for Organics Specializing Growers have a new option for fertilizing in the Highest their organic crops. Innovative Surface Quality Onion Solutions’ AgMagTM, a magnesium chloride- Varieties based fertilizer, has been listed for organic use by the Organic Materials Review Institute in the United States and Canada. AgMagTM is a high-performance Lockhart magnesium chloride liquid that is approved for organic production as a crop fertilizer and Seeds, Inc. 3 N. Wilson Way • P.O. Box 1361 • Stockton, CA 95201 soil amendment to help increase quality and (209) 466-4401 yield in row crops, according to the company. The magnesium helps with cell wall strength In California: Wade Schwark • Mobile: 209-607-2870 • Fax: 209-466-9766 and water utilization. The product is also Todd Rehrman • Mobile: 209-405-9379 said to contain natural fungal suppressant In Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado: Robert Gobleck properties. • Office: 575-544-0304 • Mobile: 575-644-5712 • Fax: 575-544-0305 Visit www.innovativecompany.com. In Mexico: Cesar Baeza • Office: 639-473-04-56 • Mobile: 639-465-04-00 • Fax: 639-473-00-20

Onion World • September/October 2015 19 National Onion Association

Getting to Know Your Customers

By Kim Reddin, National Onion Association Director of Public and Industry of that. Since the recession, percent of respondents said the Relations discount and smaller retail produce department is the most formats continue to grow, and important. while they make up a small The recession highlighted share of sales, the leading a divide between consumers’ ublic relations involves retailers of this channel (Save- income levels and their much more than A-Lot and Aldi) saw 11 percent shopping choices. Higher- Pwriting and distributing growth in 2013. Convenience income households were less news releases or pitching the stores, drug stores and forecourt affected by the recession media. PR professionals are retailers have also grown. They proven by the double-digit sales strategists, event planners, may have a small assortment growth seen in the past five communication and social media and limited space, but they are years for Whole Foods, Sprouts experts, and in some cases, increasing fresh food offerings. and The Fresh Market. media buyers. And today, more Grocery is a smaller segment Mid- to lower-income than ever, public relations is of e-commerce at $5 billion, consumers sought value and an integral part of connecting which was less than 5 percent low prices, driving discount people to a product. of the total share in 2013. As store growth. Mid-priced, In my role as the National this channel feeds the consumer traditional supermarkets Onion Association’s director of need for convenience, it between the high-end and public and industry relations, could quickly become the economy retailers account making this connection fastest growing area of retail. for the majority of sales, but requires getting to know Euromonitor International experienced stagnant growth. consumers. When it comes to forecasts retail food/beverage Convenience for consumers food, it’s important to know online will grow 10 percent involves online shopping, what people care about and from 2013 to 2018. In 2013, as well as the in-store use of where and how they like to get Kantar Research showed smartphones, and using brick their information. Consumer 11 percent of shoppers had and mortar to select what they and marketplace trends help purchased grocery items online plan to purchase online. With me shape the association’s in a 90-day timeframe. a concentration on a seamless public relations efforts, which consumer experience through ultimately connect people to Freshness, Value, all shopping channels, omni- onions. Convenience channel retailing will continue According to the Food to complicate the retail U.S. Grocery Trends Marketing Institute’s U.S. environment, forcing grocers to Described as mature and Grocery Shopper Trends create new ways of interacting concentrated, the grocery report, “high quality fruits with customers. business is a $900 billion and vegetables is one of industry in the U.S. The top the most important features Millennials in the Market eight retailers account for 50 when shoppers choose their Millennials are a big part of percent of the value share with primary store.” Furthermore, the food industry. Not only are Walmart holding 25 percent in a Packaged Facts survey, 75 they the largest demographic

20 Onion World National Onion Association

Getting to Know Your Customers

by age, their spending power say they want to experience Business, July 13, 2015; will exceed the baby boomers. more new flavors, and 30 “Fresh Trends 2015,” The Positioned to really drive percent of young millennials Packer e-commerce, millennials also say the ability to customize is have some unique tendencies important when eating away when eating away from home. from home. Editor’s note: This When dining out, 62 percent of report was adapted from a millennials, versus 56 percent Sources: U.S. Grocery Retail presentation Reddin gave of adults, consider themselves Environment & Trends, PMA at the National Onion to be adventurous eaters. Research; “What Consumers Association Summer Additionally, three out of four Want to Eat Now,” Restaurant Convention in Boise, Idaho.

Edp Electro-bagger model AB-2110-DF

Visit our new updated website! For information contact: Gary Loewe: 800-219-2245 or (208) 331-1126 Fax: (208) 331-1264 [email protected] www.chinookequipment.com

NEW/USED WALK-IN COOLER-FREEZER REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS HUGE Inventory-All Sizes Buy  Sell  Nationwide  AMERICAN WHOLESALE CO. TOLL FREE 877-220-8882 www.awrco.com  [email protected]

Onion World • September/October 2015 21 Advances in Managing Onion Bacterial Diseases in the Northeastern US By Emily Pfeufer, University of Kentucky Christy Hoepting, Cornell University Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program Beth Gugino, The Pennsylvania State University

acterial diseases are considered the most Bsignificant production constraint reducing fresh market onion quality and quantity in the Northeastern U.S. In recent years, crop losses due to bacterial disease have exceeded 60 percent for some Pennsylvania farms, and up to 40 percent in New York. This may be due in part to environmental factors that favor disease, such as soil type, the humid climate and more frequent severe weather events, in addition to the presence of introduced or naturally occurring bacterial inoculum. Fig. 1. Center rot symptoms within the bulb, which consist of a single or a few discolored scales inside Losses from bacterial disease an otherwise firm onion. have been attributed to several bacterial pathogens that cause center rot or bulb surface rot-type symptoms. Center rot is characterized by a single or a few discolored scales (Fig. 1) within the bulb, with the only outer indica- tion of disease being a discolored ring in the freshly-cut neck, often originating from one or more leaves that become bleached and collapse (Fig. 2). Surface rots are characterized by discolored, macerated tissue in one or more of the outer fleshy scales (Fig. 3). Losses in Pennsylvania are more frequently the result of center rot- type symptoms, while New York losses are due to a mixture of both types of rot. In Pennsylvania, the majority Fig. 2. Mature onion plant with several bleached, limp inner leaves, which are consistent with center of onions are marketed through rot. the Pennsylvania Simply Sweet® Onion Program, the state’s only

22 Onion World Advances in Managing Onion Bacterial Diseases in the Northeastern US By Emily Pfeufer, University of Kentucky Christy Hoepting, Cornell University Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program Beth Gugino, The Pennsylvania State University

trademarked crop. Sweet onion gation, intensive fertility programs raised beds, some of which have acreage has tripled since program and primarily hand labor. overhead irrigation. A large share inception in 2002, and approxi- In New York, the majority of of the production occurs on muck mately 109 acres were planted growers direct-seed yellow cook- soils, which are high in organic with over 5.5 million transplants ing cultivars suitable for long-term matter. in 2013, with an estimated crop storage, but some are increasingly Due in part to the variability in value of $1.2 million. Pennsylva- diversifying into transplanted bacterial disease losses observed nia growers almost exclusively fresh-market onions, including red both within and between fields, a grow Candy onions in small fields and Spanish-style, with as many as hypothesis-driven systems ap- ranging from 0.25 to three acres in 50 different cultivars grown in the proach was used to collect on-farm size, on raised beds covered with state. Onion fields typically range survey data on 40 factors from black plastic, two rows of drip irri- from five to 25 acres on semi- approximately 27 farms/fields in

know-how

skills

commitment

Leading onion system integrator Main Street George, WA 98824 T: (509) 785-2101 E: [email protected]

Onion World • September/October 2015 23 each of Pennsylvania and New York during 2011 and 2012. This systems approach focused on collecting data from three replicate plots per field at three criti- cal time points in the growing season: at-transplant, bulbing and harvest. The cross-disciplinary factors incorporated aspects of soil science, horticulture and entomology, and included measures such as soil and plant fertility, thrips damage and environmental conditions. The project objectives were to identify potential sources of the pathogenic bacteria in these onion production systems and to relate existing production practices to the incidence of bacterial rot losses in each field. The overall goal was to further refine current bacterial disease management practices, in addition to developing more targeted replicated research trials focusing on the factors associated with higher bacterial disease losses.

Sources of Bacterial Inoculum Composite soil, bare-root transplant, weed, and onion tissue samples were collected during the field visits and analyzed for presence of select bacterial pathogens of onion using molecular and genetic techniques. In Pennsylvania, we most commonly identified Pectobacterium carotovorum, Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas marginalis from symptomatic onion bulbs at harvest and from storage,

Below - Fig. 4. Average daily soil temperatures prior to harvest in Pennsyl- vania fields, grouped by losses due to bacterial disease. Soil temperatures were recorded hourly in Pennsylvania field plots over the 2011 and 2012 Fig. 3. Surface rot-type symptoms may initiate at wounds or split areas on growing seasons, and then plots were harvested at the end of the season. the bulb and progress from the outside of the onion inward. Farms were grouped based on the total percentage of bacterial rot from harvest and storage combined (> 30 percent loss, n = 15 fields; < 30 percent loss, n = 38 fields).

24 Onion World and these three species were also weeds; therefore, future research most prevalent in soil, on weeds will focus on reducing bacterial collected within onion fields and populations associated with trans- from transplants collected prior to plants and elucidating the poten- planting. In New York, Burkhold- tial role of weeds as reservoirs of eria cepacia was most commonly onion bacterial pathogens. In New identified from symptomatic bulbs York, future research will focus on at harvest with 74 percent of the understanding when onion plants identifications, followed by En- become infected with bacterial terobacter cloacae (21 percent) pathogens and reducing soil inocu- and Pantoea ananatis (6 percent). lum levels. Transplants and weeds were not We are also using rep-PCR, surveyed in New York; however, a molecular technique, to com- B. cepacia was identified in 83 pare the genetic fingerprints of percent of the soil samples collect- individual bacterial isolates from ed in the New York survey. These environmental and transplant results indicated that these bacteri- sources to the fingerprints of bac- al species are common both in the terial isolates that were collected environment and in symptomatic from symptomatic onions. This onions, but it does not prove that technique allows us to genetically they can cause disease on onion. identify bacterial individuals at To determine if these bacteria better resolution than the species can cause disease, isolates from level, which is one step closer to a Pennsylvania soil, transplants and “smoking gun” in terms of deter- weeds were injected into surface- mining the sources of bacterial sterilized pearl onion bulbs. If inoculum. At present, in Pennsyl- symptoms appeared after a week, vania, we have found one match the injected bacterial strain was (out of about 50 isolates tested) considered to be a pathogen of between a Pantoea ananatis strain onion. After considerable test- found in a midseason weed sample ing, over 60 percent of the P. and a P. ananatis strain from a carotovorum, P. agglomerans and stored onion with center rot symp- P. marginalis strains from soil, toms; both of these samples came transplants and weeds were shown from the same field, but were col- to rot onion to varying degrees, lected at different times. which demonstrates these bacterial pathogens are common in and Environmental and Production around Pennsylvania onion fields. Factors However, a greater percentage of The second research objective pathogenic bacterial isolates were focused on identifying environ- recovered from transplants and mental and production factors that

WESTERN LABORATORIES

800-658-3858

Variable rate fumigation for nematodes and Pink Root • Nematodes • GAP Variable rate fertilization • Soils • Tissue • Irrigation Scheduling Ecoli and Salmonella bulb testing • DNA • All viruses • Consulting www.westernlaboratories.com NAPT-PAP Accredited Lab

Onion World • September/October 2015 25 were related to increased onion bacterial disease had consistently of bacterial rot in multiple data- bacterial disease incidence in higher soil temperatures through- sets. There were, however, no commercial fields. Many variables out the growing season than fields relationships observed between were measured throughout the with less than 30 percent loss (Fig. either of the soil N measurements 2011 and 2012 growing seasons, 4). taken at the other two seasonal such as soil temperature, soil ni- A similar relationship between time points, or the levels of soil trate and ammonium, onion tissue air temperatures and onset of Xan- ammonium-N and bacterial rot. nitrogen and carbon, thrips counts thomonas leaf blight near bulbing Combining these results with or damage, and general measures in Colorado had previously been those from other trials, we are now of field maintenance. Some vari- described by Howard Schwartz, beginning to explore how differ- ables were selected based on pre- and based on our understanding ent types of nitrogen fertilizer may vious research conducted in other of the biology of bacteria, this is differentially affect bacterial rots states as well as hypotheses gener- not surprising. Bacteria reproduce of onion, in addition to the timing ated from unpublished data. faster under warmer temperatures, of these N-fertilizer applications Bacterial rots of onion in Penn- so pathogen populations grow during the growing season. sylvania and New York were more quickly under these warmer Foliar nutrients were also very suggested to be related to soil conditions. influential in the Pennsylvania temperatures and, in some cases, After reporting our results, a fields, where analyses from both midseason foliar nutrient levels few Pennsylvania growers chose years indicated a negative rela- and the amount of nitrate-N in to slash their plastic mulch around tionship between midseason foliar soils. In Pennsylvania and New bulbing to increase airflow and N and bacterial rots (i.e. as leaf York, higher soil temperatures dur- reduce soil temperatures. At the tissue N decreases, bacterial rots ing the onset of bulbing were asso- end of the season, they indicated increase). This was surprising ciated with higher levels of bacte- that they thought it had effectively because we initially thought that rial rot at harvest. Shown another reduced losses. the high amounts of N fertilizers way, Pennsylvania fields with 30 Higher levels of soil nitrate-N used in onion fields would lead percent or more yield loss due to were related to a higher incidence to higher foliar N, resulting in

LEE SHUKNECHT & SONS, INC. For the ultimate quality onion...use the best onion harvester in the world! Thank you Duane Munn & Sons Farms for your Continued Support & Purchase of the NEW SP-132D Onion Harvester!!!

Call Now to Schedule your Custom Built Harvester

SP-132D Onion Harvester

4458 Ford Road, Elba, NY 14058  (585) 757-6628  Fax (585) 757-9395 "Since 1974"  www.shuknecht.com

26 Onion World onion leaf tissue becoming more susceptible to bacterial infection, and eventually leading to higher bacterial disease incidence in bulbs at harvest. However, the opposite was true for both years in Pennsylvania. To further under- stand this unexpected association, we are planning to conduct replicated field trials in 2015 and 2016 to elucidate the role of nitrogen in the onion-bacterial disease patho- system. It is important to note that our Pennsylvania field trial only included the cultivar Candy, since it is the predominant cultivar PACIFIC grown in the state. The relationship between foliar N and bacterial rot was not observed in New York, where nine different cultivars were NORTHWEST surveyed, so it is unknown if this relationship is cultivar-specific. By taking a broad, systems approach across two states, this VEGETABLE project has helped to identify the primary onion pathogens present in our production systems, and has demonstrated that the bacte- ASSOCIATION rial pathogens can originate from a number of environmental sources including transplants and weeds. LEE SHUKNECHT & SONS, INC. It reinforces relationships between For the ultimate quality onion...use the best onion harvester in the world! bacterial diseases of onion and 29th Annual Conference temperature demonstrated in other production regions, in addition to Thank you Duane Munn & Sons Farms for your Continued Support generating new hypotheses about N fertility in onions, which we & Purchase of the NEW SP-132D Onion Harvester!!! are following up with in replicated research trials and through additional on-farm research with collaborating growers.

Editor’s Note: The authors would like to acknowledge the Call Now to funding support from NIFA/ USDA NE-IPM Competitive Grant #201100535 and the College of Schedule your Agricultural Sciences, The Penn- Custom Built sylvania State University, as well Harvester as technical support from Dr. Steven Beer, Jeff Stoltzfus, Michele November 18 - 19 • 2015 Mansfield, Tim Grove, Ilse Huerta, SP-132D Onion Harvester Three Rivers Convention Center | Kennewick, WA Evan Stover, Jill Pollok, and numerous other undergraduate   Fax 4458 Ford Road, Elba, NY 14058 (585) 757-6628 (585) 757-9395 summer helpers. (509) 585-5460 | www.pnva.org "Since 1974"  www.shuknecht.com

Onion World • September/October 2015 27 the power of Enza onions

THE SUN IS RISING OVER A NEW ENZA ZADEN SHORT DAY ONION:

FRANCESCA

CAL 214 CABERNET ZOEY

Ton van der Velden Shaina Bronstein Javier Russek +1 831-682-4410 +1 831-737-0525 +1 831-240-5736 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Dominic Bouchard Pine Higgins Enza Zaden USA, Inc. +1 518-390-2837 +1 831-206-6192 7 Harris Place, Salinas, CA 93901 [email protected] [email protected] +1 855-800-ENZA (3692) www.enzazaden.us the power of Enza onions Proud Member of the power of Enza Zaden