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The Power of Omics to Identify Plant Susceptibility Factors and to Study Resistance to Root-Knot Nematodes

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The Power of Omics to Identify Plant Susceptibility Factors and to Study Resistance to Root-Knot Nematodes Article from: Omics in Plant Disease Resistance Current Issues in Molecular Biology. Volume 19 (2016). Focus Issue DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21775/9781910190357 Edited by: Vijai Bhadauria Crop Development Centre/Dept. of Plant Sciences 51 Campus Drive University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8 Canada. Tel: (306) 966-8380 (Office), (306) 716-9863 (Cell) Email: [email protected] Copyright © 2016 Caister Academic Press, U.K. www.caister.com All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. No claim to original government works. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. Vol. 19. (2016) Omics in Plant Disease Resistance. Vijai Bhadauria (Editor). !i Current publications of interest Microalgae Next-generation Sequencing Current Research and Applications Current Technologies and Applications Edited by: MN Tsaloglou Edited by: J Xu 152 pp, January 2016 xii + 160 pp, March 2014 Book: ISBN 978-1-910190-27-2 £129/$259 Book: ISBN 978-1-908230-33-1 £120/$240 Ebook: ISBN 978-1-910190-28-9 £129/$259 Ebook: ISBN 978-1-908230-95-9 £120/$240 The latest research and newest approaches to the study of "written in an accessible style" (Zentralblatt Math); microalgae. "recommend this book to all investigators" (ChemMedChem) Bacteria-Plant Interactions Advanced Research and Future Trends Omics in Soil Science Edited by: J Murillo, BA Vinatzer, RW Jackson, et al. Edited by: P Nannipieri, G Pietramellara, G Renella x + 228 pp, March 2015 x + 198 pp, January 2014 Book: ISBN 978-1-908230-58-4 £159/$319 Book: ISBN 978-1-908230-32-4 £159/$319 Ebook: ISBN 978-1-910190-00-5 £159/$319 Ebook: ISBN 978-1-908230-94-2 £159/$319 "an up-to-date overview" (Ringgold) "a recommended reference" (Biotechnol. Agrom. Soc. Environ.); "a must for Soil scientists" (Fungal Diversity) Microarrays Current Technology, Innovations and Applications Edited by: Z He Genome Analysis x + 246 pp, August 2014 Current Procedures and Applications Book: ISBN 978-1-908230-49-2 £159/$319 Edited by: MS Poptsova Ebook: ISBN 978-1-908230-59-1 £159/$319 xiv + 374 pp, January 2014 "a valuable and useful source ... Book: ISBN 978-1-908230-29-4 £159/$319 recommended" (Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ.) Ebook: ISBN 978-1-908230-68-3 £159/$319 An up-to-date and comprehensive overview of next- generation sequencing data analysis, highlighting problems Metagenomics of the Microbial Nitrogen and limitations, applications and developing trends in Cycle various fields of genome research. Theory, Methods and Applications Edited by: D Marco xiv + 268 pp, September 2014 RNA Editing Book: ISBN 978-1-908230-48-5 £159/$319 Current Research and Future Trends Ebook: ISBN 978-1-908230-60-7 £159/$319 Edited by: S Maas "a strong overview" (Ringgold) viii + 240 pp, June 2013 Book: ISBN 978-1-908230-23-2 £159/$319 Ebook: ISBN 978-1-908230-88-1 £159/$319 Proteomics "an essential book" (Doodys) Targeted Technology, Innovations and Applications Edited by: M Fuentes, J LaBaer x + 186 pp, September 2014 Real-Time PCR Book: ISBN 978-1-908230-46-1 £159/$319 Advanced Technologies and Applications Ebook: ISBN 978-1-908230-62-1 £159/$319 Edited by: NA Saunders, MA Lee "many excellent chapters" (Doodys) viii + 284 pp, July 2013 Book: ISBN 978-1-908230-22-5 £159/$319 Ebook: ISBN 978-1-908230-87-4 £159/$319 Applied RNAi "an invaluable reference" (Doodys); "wide range of real From Fundamental Research to Therapeutic time PCR technologies" (Food Sci Technol Abs); "I was Applications impressed by this text" Aus J Med Sci Edited by: P Arbuthnot, MS Weinberg x + 252 pp, June 2014 Bionanotechnology Book: ISBN 978-1-908230-43-0 £159/$319 Ebook: ISBN 978-1-908230-67-6 £159/$319 Biological Self-assembly and its Applications "Essential reading" (Biotechnol Agron Soc Environ); Edited by: BHA Rehm "recommended" (Fungal Diversity); "an excellent x + 310 pp, February 2013 resource" (Doodys) Book: ISBN 978-1-908230-16-4 £159/$319 Ebook: ISBN 978-1-908230-81-2 £159/$319 "the most striking and successful approaches" Book News Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. Vol. 19. (2016) Omics in Plant Disease Resistance. Vijai Bhadauria (Editor). !iv Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. (2016) 19: 53-72. 7. Plant Susceptibility Factors and Root-knot Nematodes Cabrera et al. The Power of Omics to Identify Plant Susceptibility Factors and to Study Resistance to Root-knot Nematodes Javier Cabrera, Marta Barcala, Carmen Fenoll and al., 2015). RKNs secretions interfere with the plant Carolina Escobar* molecular pathways to differentiate specialized cell types into their feeding sites (Truong et al., 2015), called giant Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias cells (GCs) as they are far larger than the surrounding cells Ambientales y Bioquímica, Avda. Carlos III s/n, Toledo, in the vascular cylinder (Cabrera et al., 2015). During the Spain development of the GCs, surrounding vascular cells divide *Corresponding Author: [email protected] profusely and cortical cells hypertrophy which, together DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21775/9781910190357.07 with GC growth, lead to the formation of a knot or gall in the root that is the typical structure that characterizes the Abstract infection by these nematodes (Escobar et al., 2015). GCs Technology has contributed to the advances on the inside the galls act as transfer cells that sink the nutrients genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic and proteomic from the plant to help the nematode complete its life cycle analyses of the plant-root-knot nematode (RKN) (Rodiuc et al., 2014). The differentiation of vascular cells interaction. Holistic approaches to obtain expression into highly specialized GCs requires massive profiles, such as cDNA libraries, differential display, q-PCR, transcriptional reprogramming to allow changes in the cell microarray hybridization, massive sequencing, etc., have cycle machinery (de Almeida-Engler et al., 2015), lipid, increased our knowledge on the molecular aspects of the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms (Brown et al., interaction and have triggered the development of 2015; Siddique and Grundler, 2015) or cell wall biotechnological tools to control this plague. An important composition (Wieczorek, 2015) among others. limitation, however, has been the difficulty of cross- comparative analysis of these data. The construction of a In the last 10-15 years, technology has assisted the database, NEMATIC, compiling microarray data available advances in the genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic and in Arabidopsis of the interaction with plant endoparasitic proteomic analyses which have contributed to the huge nematodes facilitated the in silico analysis, but is not increase in the research on the molecular aspects of the sufficient for the handling of "omic" information of different plant-RKNs interaction. Hence, studies based on different plant species. Omics combined with cell isolation omics have tried to decipher those molecular pathways techniques have shed some light on the heterogeneous leading to the successful establishment of the nematode in expression signatures of nematode induced gall tissues, the root and to GCs differentiation, as well as those i.e., plant defences are specifically inhibited in giant cells pathways governing the plant resistance that lead to within the gall aiding the nematode for a successful incompatible plant-RKN interactions. Expectations on the establishment. The natural resistance against RKNs varies development of biotechnological tools based on this from an early hypersensitive reaction before the molecular knowledge to control this plague were, at least establishment of the nematode, to the arrest of gall growth. partly, the fundament of the research. A quick online search The molecular bases of these mechanisms, not fully in the Pubmed library using the keyword "Meloidogyne" understood yet, could disclose powerful targets for the retrieves a higher number of publications with this word in development of biotechnology based tools for nematode the abstract within the last 15 years than in all the 20th control. century (1132 and 1041, respectively). Moreover, 246 of the publications since 2000 contain in the abstract the Introduction words "gene expression". These data reflect the intense Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) constitute a major pest research on this field in recent years which has resulted for crop plants worldwide, causing economic and yield from the development of the omics techniques that might losses estimated in $118 billion and 11%, respectively open a new horizon not only for the basic understanding of (McCarter et al., 2008). To these numbers, losses in non- the plant-nematode interaction, but also to design effective food crops including ornamentals, turf and forest trees and economically viable tools for its control. In this review should be added, increasing even further the global impact we describe the main studies based on different omics of these parasites on society and on the environment analyses focusing mainly in those with relevant data on (McCarter et al., 2008). Root- knot nematodes (RKNs; plant defence responses and resistance. Meloidogyne spp.) are sedentary endoparasites considered one of the most harmful group of PPNs as they can infect a Transcriptomic analyses of plant-RKN interactions wide range of plant species (Escobar et al., 2015). RKNs cDNA libraries and differential display penetrate into the roots through the elongation zone and Differential screening of cDNA libraries from infected root migrate intercellulary towards the root apex entering into tissue compared to the cDNA of uninfected roots has been the vascular cylinder where they establish and inducing a broadly used to uncover those genes responsive to the feeding site necessary for life cycle completion (Escobar et infection of different plant species when microarrays or Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. Vol. 19. (2016) Omics in Plant Disease Resistance. Vijai Bhadauria (Editor). !53 7. Plant Susceptibility Factors and Root-knot Nematodes Cabrera et al.
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