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Passive Wireless Sensor-Tag(PWST) Passive Wireless Sensor Technology(PWST) Workshop Vision and Summary of Past Workshops NASA Engineering and Safety Center Avionics TDT Wireless Avionics Community of Practice George Studor May 4, 2015 Passive Wireless Sensor Workshop 2015 1 Agenda • Motivation for Passive Wireless Sensors, a Tool in the Toolbox for “Fly-by-Wireless” • PWS Workshops – Purpose and Objectives • May 2015 PWST Workshop Presentations • 2013 PWST Workshop Presentation Summaries • 2012 PWST Workshop Presentation Summaries • 2011 PWST Workshop Presentation Summaries Brochures and Presentations Downloadable at: http://archive.isa.org/MSTemplate.cfm?Section=Passive_Wireless_Sensor_Workshop&Site=Computer_Tech__Divisio n&Template=/ContentManagement/MSContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=92282 Released to General Public ONLY: NO ITAR, NO SBU, NO Proprietary responsibilities of the material is solely the responsibility of the presenter. NASA and the organizations hosting the PWST Workshops do not endorse any of the presentations 2 Background/Motivation – Why a PWST Workshop? “Fly-by-Wireless” Vision: To Minimize Cables and Connectors and Increase Functionality across the aerospace industry by providing reliable, lower cost, modular, and higher performance alternatives to wired data connectivity to benefit the entire vehicle/program life-cycle. Focus Areas: 1. System engineering & integration methods to reduce cables & connectors. 2. Vehicle provisions for modularity and accessibility. 3. A “tool box” of alternatives to wired connectivity. What it is NOT: Passive Wireless • A vehicle with no wires. Sensor Technologies • Wireless-only for all control systems. 3 “Fly-by-Wireless” Focus Areas (1) System engineering and integration to reduce cables and connectors, - Capture the true program effects for cabling from launch & manned vehicles. - Requirements that enable and integrate alternatives to wires. - Metrics that best monitor progress or lack of progress toward goals.(# cables, length, # of connectors/pins, # of penetrations, overall weight/connectivity, total data moved/lb). - Design Approach that doesn’t assume a wires-only approach, but optimizes all practical options, providing for the inevitable growth in alternatives to wired connectivity. (2) Provisions for modularity and accessibility in the vehicle architecture. - Vehicle Zone Accessibility – Considers standalone sensors along with system assembly, inspections, failure modes/trouble-shooting, system/environment monitoring, remove & repair. - Vehicle Zone Modularity – Vehicle wired buses provide power, two-way data/commanding, grounding and time in a plug-and-play fashion. Wireless networks are standardized by function and are also plug-and-play. - Centralized & De-centralized approaches are available for measurement & control. - Entire life-cycle considered in addition to schedule, performance, weight & volume. (3) Develop Alternatives to wired connectivity for the system designers and operators. - Plug-n-Play wireless devises - Data on power lines, light, structure, liquids - Wireless no-power sensors/sensor-tags - No connectors for bulkheads, avionics power - Standalone wireless smart data acquisition - Robust software programmable radios - Standardized I/Fs, networks & operability - Light wt coatings, shielding, connectors - Wireless controls – back-up or low criticality - RFID for ID, position, data, & sensing. - Robust high speed wireless avionics comm. - Various Passive Wireless Sensing Options 4 - Inductive coupling w/rechargeable batteries - Other power & comm scavenging schemes What Do the 2 sides of Aerospace Have in Common? Wires!! What do these have in common? 1. Data, Power, Grounding Wires and Aviation Space Connectors for: Avionics, Flight wires Control, Data Distribution, IVHM and Aircraft Manned Spacecraft Instrumentation. 2. Mobility & accessibility needs that wires restrict use of wires. Helicopters Launch/Landing Systems 3. Performance issues that wires depend on weight. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Unmanned Spacecraft 4. Harsh environments. wires 5. Limited flexibility in the central Internal/External Robots Internal/External Robots avionics and data systems. wires 6. Limited accessibility. Balloons Inflatable Habitats 7. Need to finalize the avionics wires architecture early in the lifecycle. Crew/Passenger/Logistics Crew/Scientists/Logistics 8. Manufacturing, pre and post delivery wires testing. Jet Engines Rocket Engines 9. Schedule pressure, resource issues, wires security and reliability. Airports/Heliports Launch Sites 10. Operations and aging problems. wires Engineering Validation Engineering Validation 11. Civilian, military, academic & international institutions. wires Ground Support Ground Support 12. Life-cycle costs due to wired infrastructure. Energy, Oil&Gas, Internet of Things, Wireless Home, Transportation, 13. Need for Wireless Alternatives!! Infrastructure,5 Building, Agriculture & Food, Medical, Security Common Motivations Systems and Vehicles: • Reduce Cost/Schedule of Wired Connectivity • Increase Reliability/Maintainability • Increase Safety • Increase Security (some more than others) • Increase System Functionality • Changes in System Engineering & Integration, Vehicle Architecture and Technology Development/Awareness • Decrease Size, Weight and Power Wireless Sensors: • Cost - No battery and no radio costs • Manufacture In Quantity – Like RFID tags • Life time power – no battery replacement • Safety – little or no stored power 6 Some History of Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) – courtesy Sabah Sabah, Vectron - Sengenuity 1880 Piezoelectricity, discovered by Jacques and Pierre Curie in quartz crystals` 1885 Lord Rayleigh characterizes Surface Acoustic Waves (earth quake) 1889 First interdigital electrode design, “Electric condenser” U.S. patent Nikole Tesla 1965 First Interdigital Transducer (IDT’s) on a polished piezoelectric plate (White / Voltmer) 1970 First applications: pulse expansion and compression in radar systems 1985 SAW filters replace LC filter in TVs and VCRs 1990 SAW filters allow for miniaturization of mobile phones 1990s Passive Wireless SAW Sensors begin making their presence known. 2000s Passive Wireless Sensors branch out from SAW, to BAW, NFC, RFID…. 7 2010s Manufacturing and Demand merge to produce large markets for PWST What Is a Passive Wireless Sensor(PWS)? Attributes: • No battery • No wired connection between sensor and data acquisition unit • Minimum electronics – extreme environments • No need for scavenging power over time • Provides a sensor reading along with a unique tag id • Can provide range information for location/orientation • High volume production – low cost per measurement point (including installation): Gen 1 Gen 2 Gen 3 Gen 4 Wired Motes Active Sensor Tags PWST ~$10,000 ~$1,000 ~$100 <$10 8 Passive Wireless Sensor Types • EM-coupling: Simple – very short range (RLC, Magnetic Field/Ultrasonic) • RFID-based: Range: less than a meter • NFC-based: Near Field Communications – up to a couple meters! • SAW-based: Surface Acoustic Wave reflection(s) + Antenna • BAW-based: Bulk Acoustic Wave • Broadcast Power-assisted: Meets many of the objectives of PWST • In/Across Metal Barriers: Power & Comm - Magnetic Field - Acoustic Waves Antenna Impedance-based – longer range • Dielectric Resonators: simple, high volume • 60GHz: V-Band metal dipoles in spray-on patches • Optical: Spatial Phase Imaging • X-Ray: Backscatter X-ray sensing? Passive Wireless Sensor Technology Workshops Purpose: To bring Passive Wireless Sensor-Tag(PWST) technology developers, manufacturers and potential industry end-users together to understand the larger market drivers that will drive costs down and applications up. We will also discuss logical next steps. Objectives: • Understand various PWST technologies, actual & potential uses, and maturity. • Assess the future applications/advantages/limitations in various industries. • Assess what is needed for high volume production, standardization & communication. • Precipitate individual & group “next step” thinking to further develop/apply PWSTs. • Accumulate contacts for potential partnering activities (start at 2011 PWST) 10 Passive Wireless Sensor Technology Workshop Vision Publicly Released Presentations and Demonstrations + Private Conversations What we enable What we produce together from a series of at PWST Workshop PWST Workshops Awareness: On-line Library • Technologies • Presentations • Products • Summary • Integrators • Brochures Technology • Other Users • Contact List & • Applications Products • Capability • Maturity Networking In-Person • Cost • With-in NASA • Contacts • Availability • Other US Gov • Ideas • Experience • Industry • Trust • Universities • Pursuits • International 11 Surface Acoustic Wave Technology Review - Courtesy Sabah Sabah, Vectron-Sengenuity - 2012 Electrical power Wave propagation ≈ 3000 [m/s] Electric fields lines Piezoelectric Substrate Bus bar Surface Acoustic IDT Wave (SAW) SAW - Rayleigh Wave propagation vSAW fSAW fSAW (T,Cut,...) SAW Resonator as Temperature Sensor First Fact: Surface wave velocities are temperature dependent and are determined by the orientation and type of crystalline material used to fabricate the sensor. Second Fact: Very low power is required to excite the acoustic wave – Energy Harvesting (EM-Wave) 12 2015 PWST Workshop May 4 – 6, 2013 Chair: NASA/NESC/George Studor Location: NRECA Conference Center Arlington, VA Sponsor: NASA Engineering and Safety Center Host: DOE/ORNL Future of Instrumentation and Internet Workshop [email protected] [email protected]
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