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Department of Plant Pathology & Crop Physiology DepartmentPPCP of Plant Pathology NEWS & Crop Physiology January 2012 Soybean Viruses in Louisiana From the Department Head Affect Yield, Seed Quality Rodrigo A. Valverde Happy New Year! Soybean viruses have been shown to cause This newsletter update significant yield losses throughout the soybean- producing areas of the world. In the United States, is from November many different viruses infect soybeans. Viruses, 2010 to August 2011. alone or in combination, can cause foliar mosaic, This time period was leaf malformations, stunting, seed discolorations very productive for our and, more important, lower yields. Because department. Faculty insects are the main vectors of plant viruses, the published numerous occurrence of viral diseases is often associated refereed manuscripts with an increase in insect populations. and extension articles; During 2008 and 2009, soybean leaf samples Lawrence E. Datnoff gave numerous showing virus-like symptoms were collected from 11 different locations across Louisiana. Samples presentations locally, were tested for the presence of viruses by an regionally, nationally and internationally; and enzyme-linked test using blood serum containing competed for grants to support their research antibodies against antigens specific for several and extension efforts while receiving a number known soybean viruses. Results indicated that the of prestigious awards. Similarly, our M.S. two most common viruses in Louisiana are the and Ph.D. graduate students, post-doctorates aphid-transmitted soybean mosaic virus and the as well as intern students from Brazil and beetle-transmitted bean pod mottle virus. These viruses have been shown to cause significant yield Honduras were highly engaged, winning losses in other states. (continued on page 3) travel awards, best paper competitions and their efforts and outstanding contributions have further infused the department with vitality and enthusiasm, while helping to solve plant disease and environmental problems of importance to the clientele of Louisiana. In this current newsletter, you will be able to see for yourself these wonderful activities and achievements by all that are having a profound effect on Louisiana Agriculture and beyond. Happy Reading!!!! The soybean foliage at the left is infected by soybean mosaic and bean pod mottle viruses. On the right is a healthy plant. 1 Department of Plant Pathology & Crop Physiology News Table of Contents Soybean Viruses in Louisiana Affect Yield, Seed Quality (continued). 3 Take-all Root Rot . 3 Faculty Research Projects. 5 Graduate Student Participation in Research Projects ..................................................................6 Significant Accomplishments by Faculty ..............................................................................7 New Collaborations with Other Departments, Universities or Agencies ................................................9 Faculty Awards & Honors and Graduate Student Awards & Honors . 11 Grants Awarded to Faculty ..........................................................................................12 Faculty Publications - Refereed . 14 Graduate Student Publications - Refereed ...........................................................................16 Faculty Publications - Non-Refereed .................................................................................17 Student Publications - Non-Refereed ...............................................................................20 Presentations, Webinars and Posters by Faculty ......................................................................21 Presentations, Webinars and Posters by Graduate Students. 25 Meetings Attended by Faculty. 26 Meetings Attended by Graduate Students ...........................................................................28 Visiting Scientists/Students. 29 LSU AgCenter’s Newly Enhanced Plant Diagnostic Center ............................................................30 Graduate Student Association . 31 HELP US TO ENSURE EXCELLENCE IN PLANT PATHOLOGY & CROP PHYSIOLOGY While the Department receives monetary support for core research/extension programs (LSU AgCenter) and its teaching program (LSU College of Agriculture), these funds are not sufficient to provide the resources to move our programs to the next level of performance, especially with the onerous budget cuts we have experienced in the past three years. Private financial support is becoming a vital resource to enhance existing programs and begin new initiatives. Please consider contributing to help support our programs. I want to support the Plant Pathology & Crop Physiology Department by donating $__________ to be used for: __ Plant Pathology & Crop Physiology Graduate Student Invited Lecturer Fund __ Plant Pathology & Crop Physiology Graduate Student Assistantship Fund __ Dr. C. W. Edgerton Graduate Student Honor Award __ Dr. Wes Martin Endowment Fund __ Plant Pathology & Crop Physiology Development Fund Checks can be made to the LSU Foundation and indicate the Department of Plant Pathology & Crop Physiology on the memo line. For credit card contributions: Type of credit card __Visa __MC __AmEx __Discover Expiration Date______________ Card#________________________ For more information contact: Mail to: LSU AgCenter Lawrence E. Datnoff Department of Plant Pathology & Crop Physiology Department Head 302 Life Sciences Bldg. [email protected] LSU Campus Baton Rouge, LA 70803 or 225-578-1366 2 Department of Plant Pathology & Crop Physiology News Soybean Viruses in Louisiana symptoms such as mottling and leaf malformation Affect Yield, Seed Quality (continued) are good indicators of virus infection. Using soybean varieties resistant to these viruses Some plants showing virus-like symptoms did and controlling insect populations are the best not give positive reactions with the test. Therefore, approaches to avoid virus problems. it is likely that these plants were infected with This information will help soybean producers other viruses for which the test was not used or by identify management options that reduce soybean viruses that have yet to be described. The losses caused by plant viruses. Moreover, this effects of bean pod mottle and soybean mosaic type information is of great value to personnel on yield depend upon the time of virus infection conducting evaluations and selections of new and the occurrence of mixed infections. In spring soybean varieties for Louisiana. 2010, a greenhouse experiment was conducted Reprinted from Louisiana Agriculture Volume 54, Number 2, to determine the effect of bean pod mottle and Spring 2011 soybean mosaic, alone and in combination, on soybean yield. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse rather than in the field to avoid Take-all Root Rot natural spread of the viruses by insect vectors. Donald M. Ferrin Maturity Group IV soybeans were planted in Take-all root rot, caused by the soil-borne fungus 1-gallon clay pots, and two weeks after emergence, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis (Ggg), plants were mechanically inoculated with soybean is a disease of all warm-season turfgrasses and mosaic, bean pod mottle or a mixture of both occurs throughout the Southeastern U.S. Ggg is viruses. Some plants were used as healthy controls. one of several ectotrophic root-infecting fungi that Plants were kept in the greenhouse until maturity. are associated with turfgrasses and is frequently Symptoms evaluated throughout plant growth found in association with turfgrass roots without consisted of foliar mottle, mosaic, malformation causing significant damage. As the name implies, and reduced plant growth. this is a root disease that can be quite destructive. Bean pod mottle alone induced more severe Symptoms are generally not evident until the roots symptoms than soybean mosaic; however, the most have already been severely compromised and they severe symptoms were caused by mixed infections generally appear during periods of stress, such as of both bean pod mottle and soybean mosaic. The during sudden or prolonged periods of heat and severity of the symptoms was associated with drought stress. reduced yields. When compared with healthy Initial symptoms of take-all root rot are a general plants, the average reductions of seed weight yellowing, thinning or drought-stressed appearance ranged between 26-33 percent depending on the of the turf (Fig. 1). The overall density of the root virus. Simultaneous infections by both viruses resulted in an 84 percent loss in seed weight. Stained seed was common among plants with mixed virus infections. In general, when viral infections occur late in the plant development, the effect on yields is not as severe as when the infections occur earlier in plant development. Some plants infected with bean pod mottle alone or in combination with soybean mosaic exhibited green stem at maturity; however, not all bean pod mottle-infected plants developed the green stem disorder. Increased insect activity, lower yields, mottled seed and green stem plants at harvest are indicators of a potential virus disease problem. Foliar Fig. 1. Initial yellowing of turf due to take-all root rot. 3 Department of Plant Pathology & Crop Physiology News Fig. 4. Dark, short, brittle roots and dead turfgrass associated with severe take-all root rot. initial symptoms are often mistaken for drought stress or localized dry spots, the first inclination is to irrigate, which generally does very little good Fig. 2. Root systems of healthy (left) and diseased (right) turf. as there
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