Financial Statements at 31 December 2016
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FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES SAMPLE QUESTIONS Q1. a Strangle Is an Investment Strategy That Combines A. a Call and a Put for the Same
FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES SAMPLE QUESTIONS Q1. A strangle is an investment strategy that combines a. A call and a put for the same expiry date but at different strike prices b. Two puts and one call with the same expiry date c. Two calls and one put with the same expiry dates d. A call and a put at the same strike price and expiry date Answer: a. Q2. A trader buys 2 June expiry call options each at a strike price of Rs. 200 and Rs. 220 and sells two call options with a strike price of Rs. 210, this strategy is a a. Bull Spread b. Bear call spread c. Butterfly spread d. Calendar spread Answer c. Q3. The option price will ceteris paribus be negatively related to the volatility of the cash price of the underlying. a. The statement is true b. The statement is false c. The statement is partially true d. The statement is partially false Answer: b. Q 4. A put option with a strike price of Rs. 1176 is selling at a premium of Rs. 36. What will be the price at which it will break even for the buyer of the option a. Rs. 1870 b. Rs. 1194 c. Rs. 1140 d. Rs. 1940 Answer b. Q5 A put option should always be exercised _______ if it is deep in the money a. early b. never c. at the beginning of the trading period d. at the end of the trading period Answer a. Q6. Bermudan options can only be exercised at maturity a. -
Annual Press Conference 2012
European Investment Bank Annual Press Conference 2012 Annual Press Conference 2012 Financing operations in 2011 Geographical breakdown of finance contracts signed (EUR million) 2011 2007-2011 Amount % Amount % Belgium (BE) 1 333 2.2 7 124 2.2 Bulgaria (BG) 156 0.3 2 008 0.6 Czech Republic (CZ) 1 246 2.0 7 591 2.4 Denmark (DK) 155 0.3 1 552 0.5 Germany (DE) 6 112 10.0 36 312 11.5 Estonia (EE) 183 0.3 1 186 0.4 Ireland (IE) 475 0.8 2 531 0.8 Greece (GR) 958 1.6 7 597 2.4 Spain (ES) 9 079 14.9 44 689 14.1 France (FR) 4 954 8.1 24 927 7.9 Italy (IT) 8 436 13.9 40 553 12.8 Cyprus (CY) 180 0.3 992 0.3 Latvia (LV) 36 0.1 1 316 0.4 Lithuania (LT) 11 0.0 1 257 0.4 Luxembourg (LU) 108 0.2 776 0.2 Hungary (HU) 1 399 2.3 7 772 2.5 Malta (MT) - - 290 0.1 Netherlands (NL) 860 1.4 6 071 1.9 Austria (AT) 2 020 3.3 7 813 2.5 Poland (PL) 5 279 8.7 20 745 6.5 Portugal (PT) 2 095 3.4 13 417 4.2 Romania (RO) 917 1.5 4 088 1.3 Slovenia (SI) 335 0.6 2 138 0.7 Slovakia (SK) 400 0.7 2 367 0.7 Finland (FI) 1 403 2.3 4 872 1.5 Sweden (SE) 708 1.2 6 475 2.0 United Kingdom (GB) 4 782 7.9 23 028 7.3 EFTA (1) 130 0.2 180 0.1 European Union 53 750 88.3 279 667 88.2 of which JESSICA resources 735 852 Enlargement countries 3 451 5.7 17 815 5.6 Eastern Europe, Southern Caucasus, Russia 776 1.3 2 039 0.6 Mediterranean countries 975 1.6 7 846 2.5 ACP/OCT 591 1.0 3701 1.2 South Africa 165 0.3 811 0.3 Asia, Latin America 1 171 1.9 5 074 1.6 Partner countries 7 129 11.7 37 287 11.8 of which budgetary resources 214 1 839 Grand Total 60 880 100.0 316 954 100.0 (1) Financing operations in the members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) equivalent to operations in the European Union. -
Up to EUR 3,500,000.00 7% Fixed Rate Bonds Due 6 April 2026 ISIN
Up to EUR 3,500,000.00 7% Fixed Rate Bonds due 6 April 2026 ISIN IT0005440976 Terms and Conditions Executed by EPizza S.p.A. 4126-6190-7500.7 This Terms and Conditions are dated 6 April 2021. EPizza S.p.A., a company limited by shares incorporated in Italy as a società per azioni, whose registered office is at Piazza Castello n. 19, 20123 Milan, Italy, enrolled with the companies’ register of Milan-Monza-Brianza- Lodi under No. and fiscal code No. 08950850969, VAT No. 08950850969 (the “Issuer”). *** The issue of up to EUR 3,500,000.00 (three million and five hundred thousand /00) 7% (seven per cent.) fixed rate bonds due 6 April 2026 (the “Bonds”) was authorised by the Board of Directors of the Issuer, by exercising the powers conferred to it by the Articles (as defined below), through a resolution passed on 26 March 2021. The Bonds shall be issued and held subject to and with the benefit of the provisions of this Terms and Conditions. All such provisions shall be binding on the Issuer, the Bondholders (and their successors in title) and all Persons claiming through or under them and shall endure for the benefit of the Bondholders (and their successors in title). The Bondholders (and their successors in title) are deemed to have notice of all the provisions of this Terms and Conditions and the Articles. Copies of each of the Articles and this Terms and Conditions are available for inspection during normal business hours at the registered office for the time being of the Issuer being, as at the date of this Terms and Conditions, at Piazza Castello n. -
Evidence from SME Bond Markets
Temi di discussione (Working Papers) Asymmetric information in corporate lending: evidence from SME bond markets by Alessandra Iannamorelli, Stefano Nobili, Antonio Scalia and Luana Zaccaria September 2020 September Number 1292 Temi di discussione (Working Papers) Asymmetric information in corporate lending: evidence from SME bond markets by Alessandra Iannamorelli, Stefano Nobili, Antonio Scalia and Luana Zaccaria Number 1292 - September 2020 The papers published in the Temi di discussione series describe preliminary results and are made available to the public to encourage discussion and elicit comments. The views expressed in the articles are those of the authors and do not involve the responsibility of the Bank. Editorial Board: Federico Cingano, Marianna Riggi, Monica Andini, Audinga Baltrunaite, Marco Bottone, Davide Delle Monache, Sara Formai, Francesco Franceschi, Salvatore Lo Bello, Juho Taneli Makinen, Luca Metelli, Mario Pietrunti, Marco Savegnago. Editorial Assistants: Alessandra Giammarco, Roberto Marano. ISSN 1594-7939 (print) ISSN 2281-3950 (online) Printed by the Printing and Publishing Division of the Bank of Italy ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION IN CORPORATE LENDING: EVIDENCE FROM SME BOND MARKETS by Alessandra Iannamorelli†, Stefano Nobili†, Antonio Scalia† and Luana Zaccaria‡ Abstract Using a comprehensive dataset of Italian SMEs, we find that differences between private and public information on creditworthiness affect firms’ decisions to issue debt securities. Surprisingly, our evidence supports positive (rather than adverse) selection. Holding public information constant, firms with better private fundamentals are more likely to access bond markets. Additionally, credit conditions improve for issuers following the bond placement, compared with a matched sample of non-issuers. These results are consistent with a model where banks offer more flexibility than markets during financial distress and firms may use market lending to signal credit quality to outside stakeholders. -
307439 Ferdig Master Thesis
Master's Thesis Using Derivatives And Structured Products To Enhance Investment Performance In A Low-Yielding Environment - COPENHAGEN BUSINESS SCHOOL - MSc Finance And Investments Maria Gjelsvik Berg P˚al-AndreasIversen Supervisor: Søren Plesner Date Of Submission: 28.04.2017 Characters (Ink. Space): 189.349 Pages: 114 ABSTRACT This paper provides an investigation of retail investors' possibility to enhance their investment performance in a low-yielding environment by using derivatives. The current low-yielding financial market makes safe investments in traditional vehicles, such as money market funds and safe bonds, close to zero- or even negative-yielding. Some retail investors are therefore in need of alternative investment vehicles that can enhance their performance. By conducting Monte Carlo simulations and difference in mean testing, we test for enhancement in performance for investors using option strategies, relative to investors investing in the S&P 500 index. This paper contributes to previous papers by emphasizing the downside risk and asymmetry in return distributions to a larger extent. We find several option strategies to outperform the benchmark, implying that performance enhancement is achievable by trading derivatives. The result is however strongly dependent on the investors' ability to choose the right option strategy, both in terms of correctly anticipated market movements and the net premium received or paid to enter the strategy. 1 Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction4 Problem Statement................................6 Methodology...................................7 Limitations....................................7 Literature Review.................................8 Structure..................................... 12 Chapter 2 - Theory 14 Low-Yielding Environment............................ 14 How Are People Affected By A Low-Yield Environment?........ 16 Low-Yield Environment's Impact On The Stock Market........ -
Pinnacle Notes Frequently Asked Questions 18
PINNACLE NOTES FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 18 DECEMBER 20081 These Frequently Asked Questions have been prepared by Pinnacle Performance Limited for the distributors of the Pinnacle notes in Singapore in response to questions about the Pinnacle notes generally. Any questions from investors should be raised with the institution that sold them the Pinnacle notes in Singapore. Please read the important notice at the end of this document. 1. What are the Pinnacle notes? The Pinnacle notes are the Series 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15 and 16 notes issued by Pinnacle Performance Limited (the "Issuer"). Some of the Pinnacle notes are equity- linked notes and some are credit-linked notes. The Pinnacle equity-linked notes and the Pinnacle credit-linked notes are together referred to in this document as the "Pinnacle notes". 2. What are the Pinnacle equity-linked notes? The Pinnacle equity-linked notes (the "Pinnacle equity-linked notes") are the Series 8, 11, 12, 15 and 16 notes issued by the Issuer. An equity-linked note is, in general terms, a structured note where the return and/or interest on the note is determined by reference to, amongst other things, the performance of one or more shares or share indices. Investors in a Series of Pinnacle equity-linked notes should also refer to the Frequently Asked Questions in relation to Pinnacle equity-linked notes dated 14 November 2008 for further information. A copy of these Frequently Asked Questions is available on the website referred to in the important notice below. 3. What are the Pinnacle credit-linked notes? The Pinnacle credit-linked notes (the "Pinnacle credit-linked notes") are the Series 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 notes issued by the Issuer. -
11 Option Payoffs and Option Strategies
11 Option Payoffs and Option Strategies Answers to Questions and Problems 1. Consider a call option with an exercise price of $80 and a cost of $5. Graph the profits and losses at expira- tion for various stock prices. 73 74 CHAPTER 11 OPTION PAYOFFS AND OPTION STRATEGIES 2. Consider a put option with an exercise price of $80 and a cost of $4. Graph the profits and losses at expiration for various stock prices. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 75 3. For the call and put in questions 1 and 2, graph the profits and losses at expiration for a straddle comprising these two options. If the stock price is $80 at expiration, what will be the profit or loss? At what stock price (or prices) will the straddle have a zero profit? With a stock price at $80 at expiration, neither the call nor the put can be exercised. Both expire worthless, giving a total loss of $9. The straddle breaks even (has a zero profit) if the stock price is either $71 or $89. 4. A call option has an exercise price of $70 and is at expiration. The option costs $4, and the underlying stock trades for $75. Assuming a perfect market, how would you respond if the call is an American option? State exactly how you might transact. How does your answer differ if the option is European? With these prices, an arbitrage opportunity exists because the call price does not equal the maximum of zero or the stock price minus the exercise price. To exploit this mispricing, a trader should buy the call and exercise it for a total out-of-pocket cost of $74. -
Monte Titoli
Monte Titoli PARTECIPANTI AL SERVIZIO DI RISCONTRO E RETTIFICA GIORNALIERO X-TRM - 31 maggio 2015 PARTICIPANTS IN THE X-TRM - DAILY MATCHING AND ROUTING SERVICE - 31 st May 2015 CODICE CED CODICE ABI DESCRIZIONE ANAGRAFICA INTERMEDIARIO PARTECIPANTE CED CODE ABI CODE INTERMEDIARY 2331 1003 BANCA D'ITALIA 425 1005 BANCA NAZIONALE DEL LAVORO SPA 339 1010 SANPAOLO BANCO DI NAPOLI 382 1015 BANCO DI SARDEGNA SPA 3319 1025 INTESA SANPAOLO SPA 357 1030 BANCA MONTE DEI PASCHI DI SIENA SPA 1550 2008 UNICREDIT BANCA SPA 564 3011 HIPO ALPE ADRIA BANK SPA 2187 3015 BANCA FINECO SPA 2470 3017 INVEST BANCA SPA 2281 3025 BANCA PROFILO SPA 8664 3030 DEXIA CREDIOP SPA 302 3032 CREDITO EMILIANO SPA 7504 3041 UBS (ITALIA) SPA 4197 3043 BANCA INTERMOBILIARE INV. GESTIONI SPA 1994 3045 BANCA AKROS SPA 3301 3048 BANCA DEL PIEMONTE SPA 303 3051 BARCLAYS BANK PLC 3892 3058 CHEBANCA! 1740 3062 BANCA MEDIOLANUM SPA 1105 3069 INTESA SANPAOLO SPA 547 3075 BANCA GENERALI SPA 4690 3081 UNICREDIT BANK AG 403 3083 IW BANK SPA 644 3084 BANCA CESARE PONTI SPA 560 3087 BANCA FINNAT EURAMERICA SPA 5937 3089 CREDIT SUISSE (ITALY) SPA 580 3102 BANCA ALETTI E C. SPA 308 3104 DEUTSCHE BANK SPA 315 3111 UNIONE DI BANCHE ITALIANE SCPA 2657 3124 BANCA DEL FUCINO SPA 1050 3126 GRUPPO BANCA LEONARDO SPA 3964 3127 UNIPOL BANCA SPA 1210 3138 BANCA REALE 3768 3141 BANCA DI TREVISO S.p.A. 3636 3151 HYPO TIROL BANK AG SUCCURSALE ITALIA 1862 3158 BANCA SISTEMA SPA 1770 3163 STATE STREET BANK S.p.A. -
Straddles and Strangles to Help Manage Stock Events
Webinar Presentation Using Straddles and Strangles to Help Manage Stock Events Presented by Trading Strategy Desk 1 Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC ("FBS"), Member NYSE, SIPC, 900 Salem Street, Smithfield, RI 02917 690099.3.0 Disclosures Options’ trading entails significant risk and is not appropriate for all investors. Certain complex options strategies carry additional risk. Before trading options, please read Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options, and call 800-544- 5115 to be approved for options trading. Supporting documentation for any claims, if applicable, will be furnished upon request. Examples in this presentation do not include transaction costs (commissions, margin interest, fees) or tax implications, but they should be considered prior to entering into any transactions. The information in this presentation, including examples using actual securities and price data, is strictly for illustrative and educational purposes only and is not to be construed as an endorsement, or recommendation. 2 Disclosures (cont.) Greeks are mathematical calculations used to determine the effect of various factors on options. Active Trader Pro PlatformsSM is available to customers trading 36 times or more in a rolling 12-month period; customers who trade 120 times or more have access to Recognia anticipated events and Elliott Wave analysis. Technical analysis focuses on market action — specifically, volume and price. Technical analysis is only one approach to analyzing stocks. When considering which stocks to buy or sell, you should use the approach that you're most comfortable with. As with all your investments, you must make your own determination as to whether an investment in any particular security or securities is right for you based on your investment objectives, risk tolerance, and financial situation. -
Payoffs from Neutral Option Strategies: a Study of USD-INR Market
Journal of Economics, Management and Trade 21(12): 1-11, 2018; Article no.JEMT.44988 ISSN: 2456-9216 (Past name: British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade, Past ISSN: 2278-098X) Payoffs from Neutral Option Strategies: A Study of USD-INR Market Avneet Kaur1*, Sandeep Kapur1 and Mohit Gupta1 1School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Authors AK and SK designed the study. Authors AK and MG performed the statistical analysis. Author AK wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors AK, SK and MG managed the analyses of the study. Author AK managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/JEMT/2018/44988 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Afsin Sahin, Professor, Department of Banking School of Banking and Insurance, Ankara Haci Bayram Veli University, Turkey. Reviewers: (1) Imoisi Anthony Ilegbinosa, Edo University, Iyamho, Nigeria. (2) R. Shenbagavalli, India. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/27321 Received 05 September 2018 Original Research Article Accepted 07 November 2018 Published 20 November 2018 ABSTRACT Aims: The present study has tried to assess the profitability of payoffs from adopting neutral option strategies on USD-INR. Study Design: The study was carried out using daily closing values of the US Dollar-Indian Rupee current future rate available on National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) for the period starting from 29th October 2010 (the start of currency options market in NSE) to 30th June 2016. Methodology: The present study has tried to fill the gap of assessing the profitability of payoffs from adopting neutral options strategies on USD-INR. -
Comunicato Stampa Finanziamento SACE
EXECUTED A FACILITY AGREEMENT FOR €100 MILLION GUARANTEED BY SACE THROUGH THE ORDINARY PROCEDURE MADE AVAILABLE UNDER THE LIQUIDITY DECREE • Credit line of €100 million, 80% guaranteed by SACE through the Garanzia Italia • Term of 4 years and 3 months and 24-month grace period ( preammortamento ) Venezia Mestre, 24 June 2020 – OVS S.p.A. has executed a facility agreement for €100 million to strengthen its financial structure. The new financing – while also enabled by sound financial performance and financial position indicators – benefited from the financial support provided by the Italian government through the decrees issued in response to the emergency caused by the COVID-19, involving several major Italian players in the credit system, including Cassa depositi e prestiti, as well as SACE which issued the “Garanzia Italia”. This is the first financing transaction guaranteed by the “Garanzia Italia” issued following the ordinary procedure, activated given the size of the Group which, as required by the "Liquidity" Decree, led to preliminary activities by SACE following the request from the pool of banks and also the issue of a decree by the Minister of Economy and Finance. This liquidity will be used to normalize payments to Italian suppliers affected by the crisis and to advance the payments to employees who are eligible for the temporary redundancy fund benefits (Cassa integrazione) since direct payment by INPS has not yet taken place. Moreover, liquidity will also allow the advance payment of the “Cassa Integrazione Guadagni in Deroga” for the periods in which this is foreseen. The loan, drawn in a single instalment, shall terminate on 30 September 2024, with a grace period (preammortamento) of twenty-four months and repayment in ten equal quarterly instalments starting in June 2022. -
China After the Subprime Crisis
China After the Subprime Crisis 9780230_281967_01_prexviii.indd i 9/1/2010 3:41:25 PM Also by Chi Lo: ASIA AND THE SUBPRIME CRISIS: Lifting the Veil on the Financial Tsunami UNDERSTANDING CHINA’S GROWTH: Forces that Drive China’s Economic Future PHANTOM OF THE CHINA ECONOMIC THREAT: Shadow of the Next Asian Crisis THE MISUNDERSTOOD CHINA: Uncovering the Truth behind the Bamboo Curtain WHEN ASIA MEETS CHINA IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM: China’s Role in Shaping Asia’s Post-Crisis Economic Transformation 9780230_281967_01_prexviii.indd ii 9/1/2010 3:41:25 PM China After the Subprime Crisis Opportunities in the New Economic Landscape Chi Lo Chief Economist and Strategist for a Major Investment Management Company based in Hong Kong, China 9780230_281967_01_prexviii.indd iii 9/1/2010 3:41:25 PM © Chi Lo 2010 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2010 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.