1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1259'
'il'O BE SECOND LIEUTENANTS, REGULAR ARMY, ·IN THE NAVY H. R. 3647. An act for the relief of the San WITH RANK FROM DATE OF APPOINTMENT PROMOTIONS Diego Consolidated Gas & Electric Co.; Infantry H. R. ~ 123. An act for the relief of Edwin. B .. Capt. Jules James to be rear admiral for Formhals; Rex Applegate temporary service, to rank from November 21, H. R. 4179. An act to confer jurisdiction Robert Mayer Hamilton 1941. upon the Court of Claims to hear, determine, Corson Landrum Hilton, Jr. and render judgment upon the claims of Allen Almon Louis Hugins, Jr. Pope, his heirs or personal representatives, Lucien Fairfax Keller HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES against the United States; Jean Koke Lambert H. R. 4198. An act for the relief of John Verle Douglas Miller MoNDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1942 King; Frank Henry Stone H. R. 4354. An act for the relief of D. H. Joseph Szabo Dantzler; Lamar Asbury Welch The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Mont H·. R. 4773. An act for the relief of Brooks Field Artillery gomery, D. D., offered the following Equipment & Manufacturing Co.; Charles Woodburn Matheny, Jr. H. R. 4831. An act for the relief of Kather Henry Gaston Mitchel 3d prayer: ine McCue; Coast Artillery Corps Our bountiful heavenly Father, at the H. R. 4998. An act for the relief of Daniel Elliott and Helen Elliott; John Elliott Arthur, Jr. altar of prayer we offer Thee our tribute H. R. 5040. An act for the relief of William Eugene Lyle Hess of praise; we marvel at Thy watchful Robert Shaneyfelt and Mildred Shaneyfelt; · Corps of Engineers presence which has been our comfort all H. R. 5056. An act for the relief of the. Bur James Edwin Foley our days. Enable us to see the good in lington Auto Co.; Jesse Thomas, Jr. our fellow men as Thy patient hand is H. R. 5206. An act for the relief of Nettie Quartermaster Corps laid upon them. As we are lifted up to Woolfolk Montague and Jerry L. Woolfolk and those spiritual heights which stretch others; Robert Sigman Regenstein above the valley of discouragement, H. R. 5280. An act for the relief of G. F. Chemical Warfare Service Allen, chief disbursing officer, Treasury De where great thoughts inspire generous partment, and for other purposes; Richard Oliver Gordon souls, persuade us that the surest rewards Leonard Charles Miller H. R. 5282. An act for the relief of J. W. will be given those who have suffered and Daughtry; APPOINTMENTS, BY TRANSFER, IN THE REGULAR striven for others. H. R. 5387. An act for the relief of Mrs. ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES We pray Thee to clothe us with such Anna M. Paul; TO QUARTERMASTER CORPS power of clear conviction which no temp H. R. 5572. An act to provide an additional Lt. Col. Dewitt Talmage Mullett, Infantry, tation can imperil and no purpose can sum for the payment of a claim under the With rank from May 4, 1941. impeach. Hold us resolutely ·to that act entitled "An act to provide for the reim Capt. James Durward Barnett, Infantry bursement of certain Navy and Marine Corps (temporary major, Army of the United sublime dream which humanity has been . personnel and former Navy and Marine Corps States), with rank from August 1, 1935. carrying in its heart like a heavenly seed, personnel and certain Federal civil employees whose fruit is destined to feed the world's for personal property lost or damaged as a re TO CORPS OF ENGINE;ERS hopes and assuage its griefs, breaking sult of the hurricane and flood at Parris Is Lt. Col. Benjamin Franklin Vandervoort, every vulgar chain which fetters and land, S. C., on August 11-12, 1940," approved Quartermaster Corps, with rank from Nov. 4, blackens human history. Let us prove April 23, 1941; 1941. H. R. 5773. An act for the relief of Libby, Maj. Edwin Vivian Dunstan, Quartermaster by every act and word that the bravest McNeill & Libby; Corps (temporary colonel, Army of the United are the ·tenderest and the loving, the H. R. 5984. An act for the relief of Solomon States), with rank from July 1, 1940. most daring. Almighty God, we beseech Brown; Capt. William Arthur Davis, Jr., Quarter Thee to regard our country and we pray H. R. 6145. An act for the relief of Mason C. master Corps, with rank from June 11, 1941. that every Catholic, every Jew, and every Brunson; and First Lt. Joseph Edward Gill, Quartermaster Protestant, according to his light a.nd H. R. 6225. An act for the relief of certain Corps (temporary captain, Army of the United faith, may enter dailY the closet of medi individuals in connectron with the construc States), with rank from August 1, 1935. tation and pray for our President and tion, operation, and maintenance of the Fort First Lt. Albert Edward Stoltz, Quarter Hall Indian irrigation project, Idaho. master Corps (temporary captain, Army of the Congress and that our freedom may the United States), with rank from August 1, not be cast into wreck and ruin. In our The message also announced that the 1935. Redeemer's name. Amen. Senate had passed, with amendments in First Lt. Lawrence Robert St. John, Field The Journal of the proceedings of which the concurrence of the House is Artillery (temporary captain, Army of the requested, bills of the House of the fol United States), with rank from June 12, 1938. Thursday, February 12, 1942, was read and approved. · lowing titles: H. R. 793. An act for the relief of Marie V. CONFIRMATIONS MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Talbert and her sons, James Osborn Talbert Executive nominations confirmed by A message from the Senate, by Mr. and Dewey Talbert; and H. R. 4537. An act for the relief of H. D. the Senate February 13, 1942: Frazier, its legislative clerk, announced Bateman, Henry G. Conner, Jr., executor of DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE that the Senate had passed without the last will and testament of P. L. Wood William H. Standley to be Ambassador amendment bills of the House of the fol ard, and J. M. Creech. Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the lowing titles: United States of America to the Union of H. R. 329. An act for . the relief of Lulu The message also announced that the Soviet Socialist Republics. Heron; Senate had passed bills of the following Patrick J. Hurley to be Envoy Extraordi H. R. 446. An act for the relief of the estate titles, in which tP,e concurrence of the nary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the of Opal June Lindsay, Luck A. Lindsay, House is requested: United States of America to New Zealand. Thelma Louise Lindsay, and Laura Kathleen S 1368. An act relating to lands of the Clifton P. English to be Foreign Service Lindsay; Klamath and Modoc Tribes and the Ya offices, unclassified, vice consul of career, and H. R.1905. An act for the relief of Mr. and hooskin Band of Snake Indians; secretary in the Diplomatic Service of the Mrs. Michael Lewenczuk; . S. 1424. An act for the relief of Mary J. United States of America. H. R. 2724. An act for the relief of the estate Crabtree; Sidney K. Lafoon to be Foreign Service of Mary E. Philpot, Sandra G. Philpot, and S. 1669. An act for the relief of James offic~r. unclassified, vice consul of career, and Mrs. R. L. Keckler; Franklin Smith; · secretary in the Diplomatic Service of the H. R. 3225. An act for the relief of Dale L. .S. 1694. An act for the relief of Mrs. Claud United States of America. Barthel and others; Tuck; POSTMASTERS H. R. 3539. An act to provide for the deposit S.1757. An act for the relief of Clyde and expenditure of various revenues collected Kingery; ALABAMA at schools and hospitals operated by the In S. 1765. An act for the relief of the minor Martha Dale True, Newbern. dian Service in Alaska; children of Mrs. Jesus Zamora Felix, de MASSACHUSETTS H. R. 354:2. An act to authorize the purchase ceased; · James J. Hunt, Jr., Winchendon. from appropriations made for the Indian Serv s. 1899. An act for the relief of Lawrence ice of supplies and materials for resale to Brizendine; SOUTH DAKOTA natives, native cooperative associations, and S. 1993. An act for the relief of Pasqualina Ruth B. Vernon, Fort Meade. Indian Service employ«:les stationed in Alaska; Lazzaro; 1260 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 16 S. 2017. An act to amend Private Act .No. to Investigate National Defense Migration, these investigations be, and how long 446, Seventy-sil,th Congress, approved July 2, not to exceed $15,000, including expenditures will it last? . 1940, and for other purposes; for the employment of clerical, stenographic, Mr. COCHRAN. The resolution from s. 2222. An act to authorize the Federal. and other assistants, shall be paid out of the Worlt:s Administrator to acquire title, on be contingent fund of the House on vouchers the Rules Committee extended the life half of the United States, to not more than authorized by such committee conducting of the committee for this Congress. 35 acres of land subject to certain reserva such investigation and study or any part Mr. RICH. In other words, they can tions in the grantors; and thereof, signed by the chairman of the com make their tours wherever the commit s. 2249. An act authorizing appropriations mittee and approved by the Committee on tee deems advisable? for the United States Navy, additional ord Accounts. Mr. COCHRAN. If they get money, nance manufacturing and prod~ction facilt SEc. 2. The official stenographers to com yes. ties, and for other purposes. mittees may be used at all hearings held in the District of Columbia. Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speak~r, will The message also announced that .the the gentleman yield? Senate agrees to the amendments of the Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, reserving Mr. COCHRAN. I yield. House to a bill of the Senate of the fol the right to object- Mr. MICHENER. In other words, the lowing title: Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, this is original resolution sets up the Tolan com s. 1526. An act to amend the act approved a privileged resolution, and an objection mittee and outlines the duties or privi October 10, 1940 (54 Stat. 1105}, to permit will not stand. leges of the committee. The Accounts such responsible officers as may be designated Mr. TABER. Then I ask for a division. Committee acts with reference to this by the heads of departments or establish The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman type of resolution, similar to our Com ments to authorize or approve the allowance from New York desire the gentleman from mittee on Appropriations, with reference and payment of expenses incident to the Missouri to yield to him? to general legislation authorizing the transportation of the household goods of civilian officers and employees when trans Mr. TABER. I do, Mr. Speaker. appropriation? ferred from one official station to another for Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, the Mr. COCHRAN. Absolutely. We con permanent duty. House created this committee originally sider a House resolution creating a com to investigate the migration of destitute mittee an authorization for expenditures The message also announced that the citizens. A second resolution was for that committee. Senate insists upon its amendments to brought in by the Rules Comn'Httee, in Mr. MICHENER. Therefore, if there the bill (H. R. 5802) ep.titled "An act to structing this special committee to in is criticism of the Tolan committee, it is amend certain provisions of law relative vestigate· national defense migration. due to the activities of the committee. to the withdrawal of brandy for fortifica The House appropriated $23,000 in the Now, this particular.committee has been tion of wines and production of wines, first instance and $25,000 in the .second discussed before. This committee was brandy, and fruit spirits so as to remove instance. There is a balance of $2,300. set up to investigate the Okies originally. therefrom certain unnecessary restric The members of the committee ap It has performed a splendid service along tions," disagreed to by the House; agrees . peared before the Committee on Ac that line, but recently it has broadened to the conference asked by the House on counts this morning and gave us a break the scope of its sphere of action, let us the disagreeing votes of the two Houses down of additional money that would be say, and is investigating matters not thereon, and appoints Mr. GEORGE, Mr. required. They have already spent. con originally contemplated. . WALSH, Mr. CoNNALLY, Mr. LA FoLLETTE, siderable money in making investiga Mr. .COCHRAN. That was so pro and Mr. CAPPER to be the conferees on the tions on the west coast, on the Texas vided by the resolution reported by the part of the Senate. border, and in Alabama. They already Rules Committee and passed bY this The message also announced that the have hearings set for the west coast, and House designating this committee to in Vice President had appointed Mr. BARK it is my understanding members of the vestigate national defense migrations. LEY and Mr. BREWSTER members of the committee are leaving tonight. They were instructed to do it. They did joint select committee on the part of t:Pe As I have repeatedly said on the floor, not do it without instructions. Senate, as provided for in the act of Au the Committee on Accounts is nothing Mr. MICHENER. And I do not object ·gust 5, 1939, entitled "An act to provide ·but the agent of the House in matters of so long as it confines itself to national for the disposition of certain records of this kind. The House, having passed the defense migrations; but I did not, I am the United States Government," for the resolution creating the committee, the sure the Rules Committee did not, and disposition of executive papers in the fol Committee on Accounts must hear their the Committee on Accounts did not have lowing Department and agencies: appeals for money to carry on. The any idea when the authority of this com 1. Department of Agriculture. committee felt that by watching expend mittee was extended, that the committee 2. Civil Service Commission. itures they could conduct these hearings was going to hold the type of hearings it 3. Executive Office of the President, for $15,000. has been holding all over the country. Office of Production Management; Mr. TABER. Does not the gentleman I am not going to oppose this privileged 4. Federal Security Agency, Public· think that this committee has had about resolution, because I appreciate the gen Health Service. enough· money for the investigation? tleman's position. I do, however, hope EXTENSION OF REMARKS Twenty-three thousand dollars is a lot the committee will bring to a close the of money, and it does seem to me that we activities for which it was created. Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask ought to put an end to some of this in Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, will the gen unanimous consent that the gentleman vestigating of that type. tleman yield? from Maryland [Mr. CoLE] may be per Mr. COCHRAN. I will say to the gen Mr. COCHRAN. I yield. mitted to extend his own remarks in the tleman from New York he knows my Mr. COX. I recall having had a con RECORD and include a speech delivered by views with reference to the special com versation with the gentleman in refer our distinguished Speaker. mittees, but this committee made a ence to this committee some time ago. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? showing before the Committee on Ac May I inquire as to how many people There was no objection. counts this morning that warranted this taken from different departments of the COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE NATIONAL report. As I say, the Accounts Commit Government this committee is now em DEFENSE MIGRATION tee being nothing but an agent of the ploying? Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, by di House, the members felt this resolution Mr. COCHRAN. That matter. was rection of the Committee on Accounts, I should be brought in, and it is now up to brought out this morning. In all, they submit a privileged resolution SEC. 3. Subsection (e) of sue~ section 77 Section 1, line 6, strike out the words "line the last war may be advanced to the of the Judicial Code, as amended (U. S. C., of the", and after the word "Navy" insert the retired list without any cost to the Gov 1940 edition, title 28, sec. 150 (e)), is hereby words "or Regular Marine Corps, respectively." ernment at all. The measure applies only amended to read as follows: Section 1, line 9, after the word "Reserve", " (e) The terms ·of the district court for Insert the words "or the Marine Corps Re to a man who was commended in actual the Athens division shall be held at Athens serve." warfare. on the first Mondays in June and December; Section 2, lines 1 and 2, strike out the words There being no objection, the Clerk for the Macon division at Macon on the third "be less than 26 years of age, and shall, on the read the bill, as follows: Mondays in April and October; for the Co same date." Be it enacted, etc., That all officers of the lumbus division at Columbus on the first Section 2, line 4, after the word "Navy", in Navy and Marine Corps, retired prior to June Mondays in March and September; for the sert the words "or Marine Corps." 23, 1938, and all staff oftlcers of the Navy who Americus division at Americus on the third Section 2, line 5, after the word "Navy", have been or shall be retired on or subsequent Mondays in January and the second Monda.ys insert the words "or service in the field." to that date, who have been specially com~ in June: Provided, That suitable rooms and Section 3, line 10, after the word "ensign", mended for their performance of duty in accommodations are furnished for holding insert the words "or second lieutenant." actual combat by the head of the executive court at Americus free of cost to the Govern Section 3, line 11, after the word "ensign", department under . whose jurisdiction such ment until a public building shall have been insert the words "or second lieutenant." duty was performed, ari.d who have not been erected or put into proper condition for such · Section 3, line 12, strike out the word advanced on the retired list under any other purpose in said city; for the Albany division "line." provision of law, shall be advanced on the at Albany on the first Mondays in April and Amend the title. retired list to the rank of the next higher October; for the Valdost~ division at Val grade with three-fourths of the active-duty dosta on the third Mondays in March and The committee amendments were pay of the grade in which serving at the time September; and for the Thomasville division agreed to. of retirement: Provided, That no increased on the third Mondays in May and November: The bill was ordered to be engrossed retired pay shall be held to accrue to any such Provided further, That suitable rooms and and read a third-time, was read the third omcer prior to the date of approval of this accommodations are furnished for holding act. court thereat free of cost to the Government time, and passed, and a motion to recon at Thomasville." · sider was laid on the table. The bill was ordered to be read a third The bill was ·ordered to be engrossed REVERSIONARY RIGHTS OF THE UNITED time, was read the third time, and passed, and read a third time, was read the third STATES TO CERTAIN PROPERTY IN and a motion to reconsider was laid on time, and passed, and a motion to recon STOCKTON, CALIF. the table. sider was laid on the table. The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. NAVY RATION APPOINTMENT OF CERTAIN RESERVE OF- 6139, to release reversionary rights of the The Clerk called the next bill, S. 1521, FICERS TO THE LINE OF THE REGULAR United States to certain property in to provide that the Navy ration shall in NAVY Stockton, Calif. clude canned or powdered or concen There being no objection, the Clerk trated fruit or vegetable juices. The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. read the bill, as follows: Mr. GORE. Mr. Speaker, reserving the 4808, to authorize the appointment of Be it enacted, etc., That the Federal Works right to object, the author of the bill, certain Reserve officers to the line of the Administrator is authorized and directed to the gentleman from "Florida £Mr. PETER Regular Navy, and for other purposes. release to the county of San Joaquin, Calif., soN], has agreed to offer certain amend There being no objection, the Clerk all reversionary rights in the United States ments which will remove the objections read the bill, as follows: under the deed of August 8, 1940 (which deed which I made to the bill. Be it enacted, etc., That oftlcers of the Naval_ is recorded in book of oftlcial records, volume 699, p. 482, in the oftlce of the county There being no objection, the Clerk Reserve commissioned therein while holding read the bill, as follows: the rank of midshipmen in the Naval Reserve . recorder of San Joaquin County, Calif.), to shall be eligible for appointment to commis a certain portion of the so-called old post Be it enacted, etc., That section 1 of the sioned rank in the line of the Regular Navy oftlce site at Stockton, Calif., namely that act entitled "An act to effect needed changes in such numbers as the President may deem portion of lot 13, block 24, ~ast of Center in the Navy ration," approved March 2, 1933 necessary. Oftlcers so appointed shall, upon ..... Street, in the city of Stockton, more particu (47 Stat. 1423, 34 U. S. C. 902), is amended appointment, occupy the same grade, with larly described as follows: by adding after the words "16 ounces of fresh the same precedence, occupied by them in the Commencing at a point on the easterly fruit", the following: "or 6 ounces of canned Naval Reserve. line of California Street distant one hundred fruit or tomato or vegetable juices, or 1 ounce SEc. 2. All appointees authorized by section and thirty feet southerly from the intersec of powdered fruit juices, or six-tenths of an tion of the southerly line of Market Street ounce of concentrated fruit juices." 1 of this . act shall, on June 30 of the cal- with the easterly line of California Street; . endar year in which appointed, be less than thence southerly along the easterly line of Mr. PETERSON of Florida. Mr. 26 years of age, and shall, on the same date, · California Street twenty feet; thence easterly Speaker, I offer the following amend have completed, while in a commissioned and parallel with the southerly line of Market ment: status, not less than 18 months of continuous Street one hundred and fifty-one feet and active service in the Navy, 12 months of which six inches, more or less, to the easterly line Page 1, line 7, after the words "canned shall have been on board ships of the Navy: of said lot 13; thence northerly along the fruit", strike out thE' words "or tomato." Provided, That they shall, before appoint easterly line of said lot 13 for twenty feet; Page 1, strike out the word "shall" in the ment, establish their moral, physical, mental, thence westerly parallel with the southerly title and insert the word "may." and professional qualificat_ions in accordance line of Market Street one hundred and fifty The amendments were agreed to. with such rules and regulations as the Sec one feet and six inches, more or less, to the retary of the Navy may prescribe. point of beginning. The bill was ordered to be read a third SEC. 3. Each officer appointed pursuant to time, was read the third time, and passed, this act to the grade of ensign and each The bill was ordered to be engrossed and a motion to reconsider was laid on officer so appointed to a grade above that of · and read a third time, was read the third · the table. ensign shall, respectively, become eligible for time, and passed, and a motion to recon promotion, or for consideration by a line TRANSFER OF LAND FROM THE UNITED selection board as of the date the oftlcer next sider was laid on the table. STATES TO THE MARYLAND-NATIONAL junior to him becomes so eligible: Provided, ADVANCEMENT ON RETIRED LIST OF CAPITAL PARK AND PLANNING COM That the qualification of sea service pre CERTAIN OFFICERS OF THE UNITED MISSION scribed in section 11 (c) of the act of June STATES NAVY AND MARINE CORPS 23, 1938 (52 Stat. 948), shall not apply to The Clerk called the next bill, S. 1133, such officers while in the grade to which The Clerk called the next bill, S. 1630, to authorize the transfer of lands from originally appointed. to provide for the advancement on the the United States to the Maryland-Na Amend the title so as to read: "A bill to retired list of certain officers of the United tional Capital Park and Planning Com authorize the appointment of oftlcers of the States Navy and Marine Corps. mission under certain conditions, and to Naval Reserve and Marine Corps Reserve as Mr. LEWIS. Mr. Speaker, reserving accept title to another tract to be trans oftlcers of the Regular Navy and Regular Ma- the right to object, will the author of the rine Corps." · ferred to the United States. bill explain this measure? There being no objection, the Clerk With the following committee amend Mr. MAAS. Mr. Speaker, all this meas read the bill, as follows: ure does is to extend the privilege to offi ments: Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Section 1, strike out lines 8 and 4 and cers who were retired before 1938, which Navy be, and he is hereby, authorized to trans substitute therefor the words "that commis is now extended to all officers. fer and convey to the Maryland-National Cap sioned oftlcers of the Naval Reserve and the It simply provides that an officer who ital Park and Planning Commission, a body Marine -Corps Reserve." was commendeq for heroism in action in corporate, created by chapter 448 of the acts 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1269 of the General Assembly of Maryland of 1927, right-of-way of the Jones Bridge Road within the National Guard, which, I think, as amended, under such conditions as may be the boundaries of the Naval Medical Center should be included. approved by the said Secretary, without cost in the United States of America. The Sec to the United States, all right, title, and in retary of the Navy is further authorized to Mr. GORE: Has the gentleman con terest of the United States in and to the fol accept on behalf of the United States, with sulted members of · the Military Affairs lowing parcels of land, situated in Montgom out cost to the United States, all right, title, Committee? ery County, Md., metes and bounds, descrip and interest in and to said right-of-way. Mr. MAAS. I have talked to a num tions of which are on file in the Navy Depart ber of them. Everyone I have talked to ment and with the said Maryland-National The bill was ordered to be read a third was in favor of the bill if it included the Capital Park and Planning Commission: time, was read the third time, and passed, National Guard. Parcels designated "A" and "B" of a plat and a motion to reconsider was laid on Mr. COCHRAN. All the House did in entitled "Plan Showing Park Lands to be Re the table. quired for Rock Creek Park, Unit No.3, Mont the Ramspeck bill was to give the same gomery County, Md. (part of U.S. Naval Medi LONGEVITY CREDIT FOR ENLISTED MEN privilege to Members of Congress that cal Center)", as filed among the records of said OF THE NAVAL AND MARINE CORPS they gave to all other Government offi Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning RESERVE cials and employees. In a way, this ex Commission, plan 2217-R 2, said parcels being The Clerk called the next bill, H. · R. tends something that others now have. more particularly described as follows: 4869, to provide for longevity credit for May I ask, Has the gentleman any idea Parcel "A": Eighteen and three hundred how much this will cost? and eighty-seven thousandths acres, more or enlisted men of the Naval and Marine less, acquired by the United States of America Corps Reserve. Mr. MAAS. No; I do not, but the cost from Paul Henderson and wife by deed dated The Clerk read the title of the bill. is limited because of the number of Re Nuvember 8, 1938, recorded among the land The SPEAKER. Is there objection to serves who have been ·called to active records of Montgomery County, Md., in liber the pre&ent consideration of the bill? duty. It can be ascertained, but any 719, folio 49. body who goes into the military service Parcel "B": One thousand two hundred and Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, reserv gets longevity credit. That is a part of seventy-four ten-thousandths of an acre, more ing the right to object, I want to pro his pay. The least we can do is to give or less, being part of a tract containing 42'iio tect the Members of the House who are these men who for years have taken acres, conveyed to the United States of Amer not here so that they will not be coming ica by the Columbia Park Co. by deed dated time away from their personal affairs back and saying that we passed a bill by .·and their families, most of them getting December 14, 1938, recorded among the land unanimous consent that cost the Gov records of Montgomery County, Md., in liber nothing for it, a little credit toward 721, folio 331. ernment a lot of money. I think the their active-duty pay. Parcels designated "A," "B," and "C" as author of the bill should explain the bill . Mr. COCHRAN. Is the gentleman ab shown on plan 2269-1, entitled "Right-of-way so that there will be something in the solutely positive criticism of Members of Plan of Jones Bridge Road (U.S. Naval Medi RECORD for the Members to read, so we Congress will not follow if this bill is cal Center, Montgomery Co., Md)" of the will find out whether or not by giving passed? records of said commission said parcels being this longevity credit to enlisted men Mr. MAAS. I think there is more likely more particularly described as follows: in the Naval and Marine Corps Reserve Parcel "A": Three and five one-thou to be criticism if we do not pass it, be sandths acres, more or less, being a strip of it will advance their retirement pay in cause you have two sets of pay. The land 50 feet wide at the southern edge of the end, and if so, what it will cost the man who has been in the service gets the parcel acquired by the United States of Government. pay and the man who has been in the America from George E. Hamilton and wife Mr. MAAS. If I may say, it is not a Reserves and answers the call as soon as by deed dated November 9, 1938, recorded question of advancing their retirement the Nation needs him does not get it. I among the land records of Montgomery pay. It is advancing their active· duty County, Md., in liber 719, folio 53. do not think there is any criticism. If pay. This piivilege is extended to Re there is, I think we could stand that sort Parcel "B": One and five hundred and serve officers. It is extended to the en twenty-seven one-thousandths acres, more or of criticism. less, being a strip of land comprising the listed men and officers of the Regular Mr. GORE. How much additional cost southern edges of the parcels acquired by the service. These Reserves who have given will this entail? United States of America from the Columbia of their time for years to protect this Mr. MAAS. I do not know the total Park Co. and Ellen MacPherson Legg by country, and who, when war came, have cost but it cannot be much because it i.s deeds dated December 14, 1938, and January now been called into active service, with limited to those people who were in the 27, 1939, recorded among the land records of the same length of service, receive less Montgomery County, Md., in liber 721, folio Reserves at the time they were called into pay than those who have been in the active service. It cannot affect anybody 331, and liber 723, folio 477, respectively. service in the meantime, with the same Parcel "C": Nine hundred and ninety-five in the future. It is only those people one-thousandths of an acre, more or less, being length of service. who were then in the Reserves and had an irregular strip of land near the southern Mr. COCHRAN. But if the gentleman some years of service. edges of the lands acquired by the United will read, it also gives them longeVity Mr. COCHRAN. In view of the fact, States of America (rom George E. Hamilton credit for the period which they are on as I stated the other day from the official and wife, Margaret Coolidge, and Ellen Mac inactive duty, which means additional records, that you and I and other Mem Pherson Legg by deeds dated November 9, years of service. 1938, December 8, 1938, and January 27, 1939, bers of this House are voting over $82,- recorded among the land records of Mont Mr. MAAS. That is the purpose of 000,000 a year for the retired officers and gomery County, Md., in liber 719, folio 53; the bill, to give them that little longevity enlisted men of the Army, the Navy, the liber 724, folio 404; and liber 723, folio 477, credit. It is little enough to give them Marine Corps, the Coast Guard, the Pub respectively; for the years they have served, most of lic Health Service and the Coast and Ge• Provided, That when and in the event the them without any pay whatever, during odetic Survey, without them contributing aforesaid parcels "A,'' "B," and "C," as shown most of these years when they took of a dollar toward retirement, does not the on said plan 2269-1, are no longer used as a their own time, away from their families. gentleman feel we should have some in roadway the t itle to said parcels shall revert Now when they are in service, the least to the United States: Provided further, That formation as to the additional cost? in consideration of the foregoing transfer by we ~an do is to give them that little Mr. MAAS. The additional cost is not the Szcretary of the Navy, the Maryland-Na credit, which will only amount to a few very great. We have given this privilege tional Capital Park and Planning Commis dollars a month in any event. to the officers, and all I am asking you to sion shall construct and maintain an ade Mr. GORE. Mr. Speaker, will the do is to give it to the privates, to the en . quate roadway leading from the proposed gentleman yield? listed men of the Reserves, who probably Beach Drive to a road to be constructed by Mr. COCHRAN. I yield. the United States Government on the Naval sacrificed more in peacetime to be in the Medical Center site at a suitable point on Mr. GORE. Is this same privilege Reserves than the Reserve officers did. the Maryland-National Capital Park and accorded to men in the Army? Mr. COCHRAN. I know some of them Planning Commission taking line as shown Mr. MAAS. I have an amendment who are re.tired and they are also work on Bureau of Yards and Docks drawing No. which I propose to offer if the bill is ing in another bnmch of the Govern 13034.9, dated December 6, 1933: And pro permitted to come before the House. ment, drawing additional pay; vided f urther, That the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission shall, The reason the bill reads "Navy and Mr. MAAS. None of the men I am upon complet ion of the relocation of the Marine Corps" is because it came from talking about are doing that. These are Jones Bridge Road, cause the necessary ac the Naval Affairs Committee, but I in enlisted Reserves. They are not drawing tion to be taken to vest title to the old tend to offer an amendment to include any pensions. :I'hey are not going to be 1270 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 16 . retired. This is just giving them credit The SPEAKER. Is there objection to laws provide equal or better workmen's toward their longevity credit while they the present consideration of the bill? compensation, the people most affected are in active duty during ·the war. It Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, prefer to remain tinder the jurisdiction has nothing to do with their retirement. I understand this bill covers a subject· of that agency. Under the circum It does not provide any pensions. It does that is now being considered by the Judi stances, I ask that the pending bill, H. R. not increase their pensions. ciary Committee in connection with the 6132, be amended to exclude Hawaii . Mr. COCHRAN. Then it cannot cost second war powers bill. I therefore ask from its provisions. I have submitted an anything. -Is that correct? unanimous consent that the bill may go amendment to the Clerk for that purpose. Mr. MAAS. Those who have had over without prejudice. The SPEAKER. . Is there objection to enough service to get a "fogy" will get a The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consideration of the bill? few dollars a month more. the request of the gentleman from New There being no objection, the Clerk Mr. GORE. Mr. Speaker, I demand York? read the bill, as follows: the regular order. There was no objection. Be it enacted, etc., That the act entitled Mr. COCHRAN. In view of the expla EXTENSION OF APPLICABILITY OF TERRI "An act to provide more adequate protection nation of the gentleman that it is not go TORIAL WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION to workmen and laborers on projects, build ing to cost anything I am not going to LAWS ings, constructions, improvements, and prop object. erty wherever situated, belonging to the The Clerk called the next~ill. H. R. United States of America, by granting to There being no objection, the Clerk 6132, to make the workmen's compensa the several States jurisdiction and authority read the bill, as follows: · tion laws of Puerto Rico, Alaska, and to apply their State workmen's compensation Be it enacted, etc., That hereafter enlisted Hawaii applicable to land and premises of laws on all property and premises belonging . men of the Naval Reserve and Marine Corps the United States in such Territories. to the United States of America," approved Reserve shall be credited with longevity for The SPEAKER. Is there objection to June 25, 1936, is amended by inserting at the pay purposes on the basis of full time for ull the present consideration of the bill? end thereof the following new section: service, both act ive and inactive, in the "SEc. 3. As used in this act, the term 'State' Naval Reserve or Marine Corps Reserve. Mr. KEAN. Mr. Speaker, reserving includes Puerto Rico, Alaska, and Hawaii.'' Amend the title so as to read: "A bill t,o the right to object, I see the Delegate SEc. 2. The amendment made by section 1 provide for longevity credit for enlisted men from Hawaii here. I wonder if he is in shall be effective only with respect to injury of the Naval and Marine Corps Reserve, and favor of this bill? or death occurring after the date of enact for other purposes." Mr. KING. Mr. Speaker, early last ment of this act. year my attention was called to the fact w ith the following committee amend that workers privately employed on ·con Mr. KING. Mr. Speaker, I offer an ments: struction jobs located on Federal Govern amendment. Line 3, after the word "hereafter", insert ment reservations were excluded from The Clerk read as follqws: the words "warrant officers and." the protection accorded such workers by Amendment offered by Mr. KING: Page 2, Add a new section, as follows: line 4, strike out all after the words "Puerto "SEC. 2. Section 316 of the Naval Reserve local laws because our Territorial laws had no jurisdiction on United States land Rico" and insert "and Alaska", and amend Act of 1938 (52 Stat. 1185) is hereby amended the title so as to omit Hawaii. to read as follows: and premises. Previous legislation, ap "'SEc. 316. That for the purpose of advising proved June 25, 1936, provided that State The amendment was agreed to; and the Secretary of the Navy on the formulation workmen's compensation laws should ex the bill as amended was ordered to be of Naval Reserve policies ther-e shall .be con tend to "workmen and laborers on proj vened annually at the Navy Department a engrossed and read a third time, was read Naval Reserve Policy Board, at least half the ects, ·buildings, constructions, improve the third time, and passed, and a motion members of which shall be Naval Reserve offi ments, and property, wherever situated, to reconsider was laid on the table. cers: ·provided, That during peace such Naval belonging to the United States of Amer The title of the bill was amended to - Reserve officers shall be called to this duty ica," but the phraseology of the legisla read: "To make the workmen's compen from an inactive status.'" tion did not extend Territorial compen sation laws of Puerto Rico and Alaska ap The ·committee amendments were sation laws to federally owned property. plicable to land and premises of the agreed to. I therefore introduced a bill on April 14, United States in such Territories." Mr. MAAS. Mr. Speaker, 1 offer an 1941 1274 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 16 the committee has approved for two en In the matter of enforcement of the standards are such as to permit Federal forcement agencies in the Department antitrust laws, we have reduced by $200,- prisoners being boarded therein. Each the Federal Bureau of ·Investigation and 000 the Budget estimate of $~.000,000. It one of these local penal institutions so the Immigration and Naturalization was the feeling of the committee in "this "inspected by a Federal prison inspector Service. matter that inasmuch as a Price Control is graded and a percentage rating given. In the case of the former we have in Administration is now established and Some of the conditions that are encoun creased the appropriation over the cur functioning, the same need does not tered in these county and city jails by rent year something in excess of seven exist now as heretofore for some of the these inspectors are, to put it mildly, dis and a half million dollars, making a total antitrust investigations that were pro gusting kangaroo courts, vermin, lack of appropriation for the F. B. I. of $29,- jected by the Department. One of the adequate sanitary facilities, improper 636,000. I could talk for an hour alone fields in which Mr. Thurman Arnold is segregation of prisoners, and other fail on the activity of this great arm of our hoping to develop an investigation is that ures too numerous to mention are found Government. I know all of the Members of loan sharks who operate in chain to exist in a large number of these jails. of the House are generally familiar with store fash~on throughout the width and To me, the whole situation is revolting, the work being performed by this agency, . breadth of our country. It was stated and the only way I know that we can but I would suggest, in order that they to the committee that over $5,000,000,000 bring about a correction is to focus the may have a detailed picture of just what worth of short-term small loans are made pitiless light of publicity on the places the F. B. I. is doing at thi~ time, they take by these operators at interest rates rang where these conditions are found to exist. a half hour to read the hearings in which ing from. 20 to 245 percent. . I know We must call names if we are to get any the testimony of Mr. Hoover appears. the House shares the thought of the improvement in the situation. I ask If you approve the amount that the com committee that if there is any violation unanimous consent, Mr. Chairman, to in mittee is recommending, the Bureau will of the antitrust laws taking place in this clude in my remarks at this point a state have approximately 10,000 employees on · field the Government should vigorously ment taken from the hearings which the rolls next year, of which number move in and clean it up. The increased describes these conditions that exist in about 3,500 will be special agents. The tax burden that our citizens will have to some of the city and county jails through supervisory personnel ·of the Bureau in bear next year will probably lend fur out the country. the Department and the special agents in ther business to these loan brokers, and In compliance with the request of your the field have all averaged approximately it is certainly to be desired that every Bureau, there are listed below some of the 4 hours daily overtime since the declara protection possible be thrown around our best and some of the worst county jails in tion of war, while both the departmental citizens of rmall income who might be the country, according to the ratings estab and field clerical employees have been the victims of unscrupulous illegal op lished by the Bureau of Prisons: averaging 1% hours overtime. Director erations. BEST Hoover estimated that to eliminate this I am happy to report that the popula Los Angeles County jail, Los Angeles, Calif., overtime would cost the Government tion of our Federal prisons appears to 80 percent. San Francisco ·County jail, San Francisco about $4,750,000. have become stabilized after having Calif., 67, 82, and 71 percent. ' In executive session the members of the shown progressive increases for several New Castle County jail and workhouse committee interrogated Mr. Hoover at years. Whether this stabilized condi Wilmington, Del., 83 percent. ' considerable length regarding the situa tion will continue, when large numbers Cook County jail, Chicago, Til., 82 percent. tion at Pearl Harbor. It"was established of apprehensions of Selective Service Act _Detroit House of Correction, Plymouth, to our satisfaction that the F. B. I. did. violators begin to take _plac·e, cannot be Mich. (city jail), 87 percent. not have primary jurisdiction in Hawaii, predicted, but the appropriation in the Essex County Penitentiary, Caldwell, N. J., but in spite of that fact they have been bill makes no provision for any popula 82 percent. · . Berks County jail, Reading, Pa., 83 percent. duly diligent. Had some of the recom tion increase in the various penal and Alameda County jail, Oakland, Calif., 81 mendations which the Federal Bureau of correctional institutions. The rising percent. Investigation made to other departments costs of food and maintenance, however, Orange County jail, Santa Ana, .Calif., 73 of Government been carried out during have necessitated an increase of approxi-· percent. the past year, the whole sordid picture of mately 7% cents in the per-prisoner-per WORST Pearl Iiarbor might have been changed. day cost. For the past several years our Randolph County jail, Pocahontas, Ark., 8 In the Immigration and Naturalization committee has been endeavoring to use percent. Service the funds have been increased by every form of persuasion on our able and Tangipahoa County jail, Amite, La., 12 pel·- about two and a half million dollars in distinguished Director of Prisons, Mr. cent. . Hancock County jail, Sneedville, Tenn., 12 order that the Bureau may hire approxi James Bennett, to establish additional percent. mately 1,000 additional personnel to keep prison camps throughout the country. I Boise County jail, Idaho City, Idaho, 13 pace with the accelerated activity sur have visited these camps myself and I percent. · rounding the apprehension and custody know that they are performing a splen Spotsylvania County jail, Spotsylvania, Va., of all aliens and to dispose of some did service in the rehabilitation of our 14 percent. backlogs of naturalization cases that are prison population. Furthermore, there Lawrence County jail, Walnut Ridge, Ark., pending in some of the more populous is · a large economy in the cost of oper 14 percent. Perry County jail, Perryville, Ark., 15 per cities. I must admit that it is extremely ating the prison camps over the expense cent. difficult in times such as we are now en that we must meet in incarcerating Yell County jail, Dardanelle, Ark., 15 per countering to make any reasonable fore prisoners in security institutions. Each cent. cast as to just what personnel will be one of the·existing camps accommodates Clay County jail, Celina, Tenn., 16 per~ent. needed by defense agencies such as the between two and three hundred prisoners, The above ratings are based on quality of · Immigration and Naturalization Service and the prisoners are able to do health administration, personnel, food, medical serv at a period 6 months_ to a year hence. ful, outdoor work . on roads or on the ice, cleanliness, etc. The situation is changing from day to prison .farms which affords a splendid One institution where I think there has day in many of the agencies, and as new means of putting to use their productive been some outstanding accomplishments is policies of procedure and control are energies. Now that many of the C. C. C. the Cook County jail in Chicago, lll. adopted wheels must be immediately set camps have been abolished there are In 1933 our Bureau disapproved the use of this institution for women when it found into motion to employ personnel in suffi available some splendid locations and that a low standard of administration was cient numbers to carry them out. facilities for the establishment of addi being maintained. Also, every effort possible At the present time there are three tional prison camps. I sincerely hope was made to reduce the number of male com detention camps for aliens that must be that the Department will see fit to move mitments. Two of the specific criticisms maintained by the Immigration and .rapidly along this direction. were that "kangaroo courts" flourished and Naturalization Service. It is entirely We are maintaining a corps of in prisoners with money were able to purchase possible that all these camps will be spectors in the Prison Bureau who are privileges. One case of a prisoner being abused by the "kangaroo court" was that of completely filled within a short period of constantly in a travel status visiting the an 18-year-old boy who was initiated by time and then it will be necessary to various county and city jails throughout members of the "kangaroo court." When the establish new ones. At the time of the the country with a view toward classify boy's case came up for· trial before the mu hearings we had about 2,600 aliens under ing them so that determination may be nicipal coul't, he was hardly able to walk as detention in these camps. made as to whether their operational a result of having been forced to sit on a 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1275 tin plate while naked and then being dragged Canada or Great Britain. The strength Survey of the Interior Department. We over a rought concrete floor. of this program lies in the fact that it have appropriated $80,000 instead of We finally persuaded the jail officials to has been decentralized. By farming out $450,000, as estimated by the Budget, for abolish the "kangaroo court" and to correct other bad conditions which existed. We were this training to all the sections of the the reason that the Coast and Geodetic able to give full approval to the use of this country we have succeeded in building Survey will have a large amount of funds jail in 1936 and have continued it on our up a real airmindedness on the part of transferred from the War Department for approved list. The following is quoted from our citizens. Furthermore, the training such survey work in defense areas, so we one of the warden's letters in this connec program is a complete answer to de felt that we would be justified in not in tion: mands for an economical program be creasing the expenditure for this item "One of the things that motivated me, I cause we are using existing planes and ab0ve the level that existed 2 or 3 years will be frank in saying, is that thEl Federal existing ground facilities in the accom ago . . Government does not approve of 'kangaroo courts; and in my several talks with you and plishment of the program. I do not think Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce others from the Bureau I came to a fuller there will be any differe:cce of opinion on The committee has reduced the appro realization of what this means." the subject as to how we are going to win priation for the Bureau of Foreign and Warden Sain, who has been in charge of this war. It will be with planes and Domestic Commerce by $368,000. We this institution for a number of years, has pilots, and more planes and more pilots. were prompted in this action by the cooperated with the Bureau of Prisons and With the amount J;laced in the bill by the knowledge that the war has established has raised the standard of the institution, committee for this training it will be pos world conditions wherein there is no need with the result that the Cook County jail is sible to train 25,000 individual::: in the ele now one of the best jails in the country. at the present time for rendering govern One of the jails where we have not been mentary college course, 4,000 in the ele mental assistance to business in the mat able to get the cooperation of the officials 1n mentary noncollege course, 14,000 in the ter of finding markets, so that such por improving conditions is the Hamilton County secondary course, and 6,500 as cross tion of the work of this Bureau that is jail at Chattanooga, Tenn. Federal court is country and commercial instructors. dedicated to this purpose might be elimi held in Chattanooga; nevertheless, owing to And, mind you, all of this additional nated. _ the very bad .conditions in the jail, we have training can be undertaken without one There were no changes of special note b.1d to restrict its use to emergency cases additional cent being spent for equip while court is in session. Not having the full· in the appropriations of the Bureau of use of this institution is a great inconvenience ment or facilitie:;. In fact, it was testi Marine Inspection and Navigation or the to the local Federal officials. The personnel fied that the Department could absorb Patent Office. is inefficient; trustees are given the responsi an appropriation of $89,000,000 without With regard to the Civil Aeronautics bility of carrying the keys to the colored being required to purchase an additional Board, we have allowed an increase of a women's quarters while the matron 1s away piece of equipment or undergo the ex little over $70,000, which will be used from the institution; the segregation of pris pense of establishing any additional fa largely in implementing the staff of the oners is inadequate; the cleanliness and sani dlities. tation is of a low standard; the jail is usually Safety Bureau. This unit is engaged in overcrowded to the extent that frequently We ·propose to make $8,000,000 of this investigating commercial and private air prisoners are compelled to sleep on the floor. appropriation available immediately; and plane accidents and reaching a determi I might add that reeardless of the fact that I certainly hope that the House will sus nation as to the causes therefor and sug our Bureau refuses to authorize this jail for tain the action of the committee in the gesting remedies to obviate future acci Federal prisoners, there is a daily average of action that we have taken in order that dents. over 200 local prisoners being held there. We we may start at once with an acce!erated We have added about $150,000 to the have been greatly disappointed that the local program of training that will establish a appropriation for the National Bureau officials have failed to cooperate in improving reservoir of pilots that I know and you conditions in this jail. of Standards in order that they may in know are going to be needed before this crease the work that they are perform While I am on this subject of our Fed holocaust is over. ing in making tests for the Government eral prison problem, and I might say par In addition to this item for civilian pilot in research and development work and enthet!cally that this is a subject very training we approved a sum of $5,640,000 in formulating standards for commercial dear to my heart, I want to express the to establish additional air navigation aids commodities. hope that the Judiciary Committee will and approximately $18,400,000 to main I want to say a good word for the work consider the bill of our colleague, Con tain the existing aids to air navigation. of our National Bureau of Standards. gressman WALTER, which seeks to estab Census Bureau Dr. Briggs, the Director of this agency, lish the principle of indeterminate sen We are supplying funds to complete the is typical of the men of great scientific tences in Federal court procedure. taking of the Sixteenth Decennial Cen knowledge and ability who are devoting [Here the gavel fell.] sus. The committee had added $190,000 their lives to scientific endeavors aimed Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yield to the Budget estimate for the regular at improving the general living stand myself 10 additional minutes. continuing work of the Census Bureau ards of mankind. Many of these public DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE in order that a census of wealth, debt, and servants receive salaries that represent In the Department of Commerce we taxes may be taken within the next year. but a fraction of the amount that they have allowed appropriations totaling This census is a reservoir of useful infor could earn on the outside. At the pres $97,377,000, which is $15,250,000 more mation appertaining to the wealth, debt, ent time approximately 90 percent of the than the sum approved in the Budget and tax situation existing in about 175,- scientific work of the Bureau is being estimate. 000 distinct and separate political units in performed for agencies directly engaged This brings me to the comment which the United States, and is used as a basis in the war effort. Their work is unspec I desire to make regarding the action of for formulating the Federal program of tacular but fundamental. They deserve the committee in increasing the Budget cooperation with the State and local gov our highest commendation. estimate of $20,236,000 for civilian pilot ernmental units in the matter of grants We are providing $8,000,000 in the biil training to a figure of $36,000,000. I con in-aid, taxation problems, civilian de for the Weather Bureau. This may sider the civilian pilot training program fense, and so forth. This census has seem to some to be quite a tidy sum to of the Department of Commerce· to be been taken regularly at 10-year intervals find out whether it is going to rain, snow, the cheapest, best, and most effective since 1850, so the committee has made or shine tomorrow, but in wartime, par program for pilot training that can be provision for compilation of this data ticularly, the function of the Bureau is dev:sed. Since the inception of the pro during the next fiscal year. one of transcendent importance. We are gram of training young men to become Coast and Geodetic Survey allowing additional funds for this unit aviators, 70,000 individuals have com We have reduced the appropriation for that they may add to their weather pleted their training and most of them geodetic control surveys under the Coast reporting facilities at various points in have pledged themselves to go into the and Geodetic Survey by $370,000. This the country where existing meteorologi flying branch of our armed services when control' survey work involves the estab cal services are not completed and to add needed. Of this total over 20,000 have lishment of bench marks at intervals technicians to the Washington staff who alrea2y affiliated themselves with either throughout the United States from 7% to will analyze the mass of weather data the Arm_y, Navy, Marine Carps, or Coast 15 miles, which are used as controls for a.nd endeavor to inake more accurate and Guard. Ab:mt 3,500 of these trainees all the topographical mapping of the complete predictions. As a safety fac have joined the flying services of either country which is done by the Geological tor in the :flying of our armed forces 1276 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEB~UARY 16 nothing is more important than ac Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Chair- est in advancing gliding and soaring curate timely weather information. man, will the g~ntleman yield? . training that our committee in taking [Here the gavel fell.J Mr. RABAUT. I yield to my fnend up the bill making appropriations for the Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yield from New York. . Department of Commerce last year went myself 10 additional minutes. Mr. COLE of New York. In regard to into that subject at great length, with THE JUDICIARY the training of pilots under the Civil the assurance on the part of the otllcials In addition to the three executive de Aeronautics Administration, what -is of the Civil Aeronautics Authority that partments of the Government to which being done along that line in the matter they were giving a great deal of study. I have just alluded, our committee is of the training of glider pilots, if any· to the matter and were going to take charged with making appropriations for thing? advantage of soaring and gliding pilot the judiciary establishments and in ac Mr. RABAUT. I am not prepared to ing. Further answering the gentleman's quitting that charge. we are suggesting answer the gentleman, but I understand question regarding the benefits of soar that the Treasury be depleted to the ex that, as far as the C. P. T. is concerned, ing and gliding, it developed in our com there is going to be such training on a tent of ab~ut twelve and a half million mittee that a pilot who had knowledge · dollars. The items included under this large scale in this country. of soaring and gliding became a more head in the bill provide for the expenses ·Mr. COLE of New York. But up to valuable pilot and a more experienced of operating the Supreme Court of the present time there is no glider training aviator. United States. the Court o; Customs and under the C. P. T.? I want to compliment the gentleman Mr. RABAUT. No; nothing like what from New York for his original interest Pater:t Appeals, CUstoms Court, C~urt of Claims and all salaries and contmgent they had in Germany. in the soaring and gliding activities, Mr. COLE of New York. Can the gen which I understand the Army is now expens;s incident to the operation of our tleman give u.s any idea to what extent circuit and dis.trfct courts and for ~the studying and in· connection with which otllce of the Administrator of the Uruted there will be pilot training of this kind? they will do some training. States Courts. Most of the increases ap Mr. RABAUT. What knowledge I The ·cHAIRMAN. The time of the proved by the committee in the items, as have on it concerns the bill that has been gentleman from Michigan [Mr. RABAUTJ recently presented to the ':leficiency sub has expired. compared with the current year, are due committee, and which has not yet come to increased cost of materials and some Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, I yield few additional personnel that appear to to the House. It does not come under 5 minutes to the gentleman from New be justified in the light of duties to be the bill I have here, although I do know York [Mr. TABERJ. performed. that c. P. T. could be prepared to enter Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I was into that type of training if they had the very. much surprised this morning to We are adding some additional proba opportunity. see in the paper· that the United States tion otllcers as a means of reducing the Mr. COLE of New York. Is it the gen had taken over a tract in Arlington for case load now being carried by the offi tleman's feeling that glider-pilot train cers in this service. As I recall, each a right-of-way to the new war building ing has a very valuable place in the train over there, at a cost of $522,040. The prcbation officer is carrying about 143 ing of heavier-than-air pilots? cases and we are endeavoring to reduce estate of · George D. Horning gets $108,- Mr. RABAUT. A very valuable place; 300 for one-third of an acre. Paul Col that figure to approximately 130 cases. yes. You know we can maintain a prisoner on lins and some others are given $14,800 Mr. BEAM. Mr. Chairman, will the for twenty-six one-hundredths of an parole for about 10 percent of what it gentleman Yield? costs us to incarcerate him in a penal in acre. The National Airport Corporation Mr. RABAUT. I yield to the gentle is giveri $19,350 for eleven one-hun stitutiGn. So. of course, it is ju.st good man from Illinois. business to provide all reasonable· per dredths of an acre. The Standard Oil Mr. BEAM. I just want to take this Co. of New Jersey is given $24,650 for sonnel required for this service.· occasion to compliment the Chairman I am glad tc report to the House that twenty-one one-hundredths of an acre. upon the very learned, exhaustive, and William H. Lipscomb and another, for we are makirig some progress in reduc intelligent statement which he has made. ing the congestion that exists on the 1.81 acres, is given $33,915. The Amer The statement shows a very profound ican Oil Co., 2.02 acres, $96,725. South dockets of our Federal courts. The ad knowledge of the intricate and involved ministrative office of the court is engaged ern Oxygen Co., 2.69 acres, $122,000. agencies of the various departments of Mrs. Charles Baum, 1.57 acres, $30,000. in continuous studies looking to expedit this Government. There is no other ing the business of the Federal courts Norton & Co., $72,300 for eighty-two one chairman in the House, I dare say, who is hundredths of an acre. throughout the country and it is also di better informed or more enlightened recting its attention to standardizing ju upon the various intricacies and involve These prices are so far beyond any dicial procedure and practices and estab ments with respect to our National Gov thing I have heard of in that locality or lishing systematic controls over the ofllce ernment than the honorable gentleman that territory over in front of Arlington of the clerks of the court aP.d other court from Michigan, who is the chairman of Cemetery and along the approaches to employees. this subcommittee. the Mount Vernon Highway that it seems I hope that I have not trespassed un I also want to take occasion to pay high as if the Committee on Expenditures in duly upon the time of the House in en tribute to our very learned, distinguished, the Executive Department::; ought to be deavoring to bring you the highlights on and scholarly clerk, Jack McFall. · In inspired to investigate those expenditures the action we have taken on the hun my committee service here in Congress I and give the House some kind of an ex dreds of items that form a part of the have never encountered a more con planation why the people should go so bill now before you. I earnestly beseech scientious gentleman or one more inter haywire when they have an opportunity the support by the Members of the House ested in fully cooperating with every to spend Federal funds. of the recommendations of the commit member of the committee at all times and Mr. ELSTON. Mr. Chairman, will the · tee on. the amounts to be allowed these in all places. It is going to be a distinct gentleman yield? four important agencies of the Govern and definite loss to the subcommittee on Mr. TABER. I yield. ment for the fiscal year of 1943. I thank the Departments of State, Commerce, Mr. ELSTON. Can the gentleman you for your attention. and Judiciary when they are denied the state what this property is assessed for Mr. GWYNNE. Mr. Chairman, will excellent services of Jack McFall, who on the tax rolls? the gentleman yield? is going into the service, .I am advised, in Mr. TABER. I do not have the slight Mr. RABAUT. I yield to the gentle a few days. I wish him Godspeed and est idea. I think it is very evident that man. extend congratulations upon his assign they are only small parts of properties, Mr. GWYNNE. Do the hearings indi ment. because it is for a right-of-way. cate whether or not the etllciency of the Mr. STEFAN. Will the gentleman Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. F. B. I. would be increased if we had a yield? · Chairman, will the gentlemaq. yield? wire-tapping law? Mr. RABAUT. I yield. Mr. TABER. I yield. Mr. RABAUT. Well. I do not know. Mr. -STEFAN. I want to tell the gen Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Does the I am not enough of a police otllcial to tleman from New York [Mr. CoLE), who gentleman know whether these lands are say, but my own personal judgment is is so interested in soaring and gliding, some land that certain landowners at that it would be greatly increased. that it was because of his personal inter- tempted several times to sell to the Gov- 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--t-HOUSE 1277 ernment for the purposes of an addition He is conscientious. He has always been ceeded the estimates of the Bureau of to the cemetery? courteous, and I am sure we all wish the Budget, and it is the student-pilot Mr. TABER. No; I do not. CHARLES LEAVY a long and successful training item that caused us to exceed Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I may say career on the bench in the State of Wash the Budget estimates in this bill. that there is some ground over there that ington. Mr. .DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will for several years the landowners have at Mr. Chairman, the provisions of this the gentleman yield? · · tempted to sell to the Government for bill have been well covered by the chair Mr. CARTER. I yield. · an addition to Arlington Cemetery, and man of the subcommittee. I am one of Mr. DONDERO. Is it true that the the War Department subcommittee has the minority members of this subcom civil pay roll of the Government now ex repeatedly refused to authori'ze funds for mittee. I feel and feel very sincerely that ceeds $2,000,000,000? that use. we must cut these appropriation bills as Mr. CARTER. I have not the exact Mr. TABER. I would like to see an deeply as we can and trim all items that figures, but if that is the gentleman's effort made by the executive department are not for defense purposes more and information, I am willing to take his to keep down these everlasting high more in order that we may have what is statement to that effect. If it was $2,- prices that they seem to be paying for required for defense purposes and in or 000,000,000 last week, it is not $2,000,- property that ought not be permitted. der that the taxpayers of this country 000,000 this week-it is more, because Mr. HARE. Mr. Chairman, will the may be able to carry the load. This bill they are putting employees on just as fast gentleman yield? and all other bills that come from appro as they can get them into town. Perhaps Mr. TABER. I yield. priations subcommittees keep growing the gentleman saw the picture in the Mr. HARE. The gentleman has no year after year. When you look at the paper last week of the crowd of employees idea that there is any appropriation pro resume of this bill on page 2 of the re waiting around in a large room for some vided in this bill to pay for any such port you may say -it is $150,000,000 under thing to do. They had nothing to do, thing? the bill for these same departments last yet they were on the pay roll. Mr. TABER. Oh, no. There is not year. That is what the figures show, but Mr. DONDERO. That is true. The anything in here, of course. in reality the figures do not tell the exact reason I asked the question is that I be The CHAIRMAN. The time of the story for the reason that in last year's lieve it is within the memory of every gentleman from New York has expired. bill we had nonrecurring items in a large Member here that not such a great num Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, I yield sum, the principal one being for the de ber of years ago the total expenditures myself 10 minutes. velopment of landing fields throughout of the Federal Government were $1,000,- · Mr. Chairman, on behalf of the mem the country. This item does not appear 000,000-total expenditures 'for all pur bership of the committee, I want to ex in this year's bill, so if you go through the poses, and that shocked the country. press to the gentleman from Michigan bill item by item you will find that with They called it the billion-dollar Congress. [Mr. RABAUT], chairman of this subcom this one exception there is a gradual Mr. CARTER. The gentleman is cor mittee, our very· sincere thanks for the stepping up, stepping up, stepping up, rect. very impartial and patient manner of and· increase in the appropriations M!s. ROG~RS of Massachusetts. Mr, conducting the hearings held in regard asked and in the appropriations granted Chauman, Will the gentleman yield? to this bill: I think every man on this by this committee. Mr. CARTER. I yield to the gentle subcommittee, whether he belonged to Mr. JOHNS. Mr. Chairman, will the woman from Massachusetts. the minority or the majority, was given gentleman yield? Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Are free and ample opportunity to present Mr. CARTER. I yield. the expenses of the trip of Under Secre anything he desired to p~esent or to in Mr. JOHNS. Is it not true that the tary of State Welles and his associates terrogate any witnesses he desired to in appropriations for these departments all to the recent Pan American Conference terrogate. The chairman was most fair. shqw increases? We just appropriated included in this bill? He did not attempt to ·shut off anyone. about $25,000,000 10 days ago for the Post Mr. RABAUT. The expense of the Full and free opportunity was given to Office D~partment in excess of what we American delegation comes out of the bring out all sides of each and every gave them a year ago. President's emergency funds. · question that was presented there. Mr. ~ARTER. The gentleman from Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. The Something has been said this afternoon Wisconsin is absolutely correct. It is my · Under Secretary did a very fine piece of about the fact that the very efficient . firm belief, however, that the subcom work down there. Does not the gentle clerk, who has been of service to this mittee handling this bill is the least of man believe that many officers of the committee for a number of years, is about fender. I made the statement before the Foreign Service have performed a very to resign and enter the naval service of full Committee on Appropriations this valuable duty at the war front in various this country. I want to join those who morning that the appropriation bills we countries during the past year? have spoken in saying that Jack McFall were bringing in here were all bad, that it [Here the gavel fell.] is a most efficient and effective clerk. was simply a question of which was the Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, I yield This ·bill covers three executive depart worst. I believe of all the bills brought myself 10 additional minutes. ments, the State Department, Justice De in so far this is the best because we did cut Mr. Chairman, may I say it was my partment, Commerce, and the Judiciary. it down, not ·as much as I wanted, to be privilege to visit a number of our em Consequently it is made up of a multitude sure, not as much as I advocated before bassies in South America, and I was very of items, some of which are large and the committee, but we did cut it some. much impressed with tl].e caliber of men some of which are small. But it did not Mr. HOUSTON. Mr. Chairman, will in charge of those places. In regard to make any difference what part of the bill the gentleman yield? the inquiry as to where the· funds came the chairman or any member of the Mr. CARTER. I yield. from that financed Mr. Welles' trip to committee desired information about, Mr. HOUSTON. I want to say in sup Buenos Aires recently, may I say that our clerk had it, and had it immediately. port of what the gentleman from Cali that trip was financed out of the Presi It is going to be a decided loss, a loss that fornia said that he did try to make dent's emergency fund and not out of the · I do not see how we are going to fill, greater cuts, but we tried to harmonize funds of the State Department proper, when we lose Jack McFall as clerk of this things in the committee where we could therefore, does not come within the juris committee. We all wish him the best all agree on something. I myself wanted diction of this committee. As a member of luck. to cut down more in some -instances than of the Appropriations Committee, may Another man is retiring from Congress. we did cut. If it were not for one item, I add in that cop.nection that I am very He was a member of the Appropriations that for the student-pilot-training ·anxious to make any appropriation that Committee: The gentleman from Wash course, I believe the gentleman would is necessary and essential for carrying on ington, CHARLES H. LEAVY, who has been agree that this bill would have been any governmental function that needs to called to his State to fill an important brought down something like $2,000,000 be carried on at this particular time, but judgeship. The gentleman from Wash under the Budget estimate. I am very much in favor of cutting down ington is not on this subcommittee, but it Mr. CARTER. The gentleman from on nondefense activities. has been my privilege for a number of Kansas is correct; and I may say that Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. The years to serve on the interior subcom since I have been on this subcommittee gentlemen performed a valuable service mittee with him. He is a hard worker, this is the first time we have ever ex- in their visits in the South American 1278 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 16 countries. I admire the study the gen Mr. CARTER. . I yield to the gentle enlisting in the United States Navy. Ha tleman from California gives to these . man from Ohio. is a patriotic ex-Governor, and I am matters. He is always able and con Mr. BENDER. I have been checking proud of him.· structive. this committee print and I fail to find Mr. DI'IT~R. It is a very happy occa Mr. . CARTER. 1 thank the gentle- ' the items that have to do with the in , sion when my friend from Ohio at this woman. . vestigation .by the Commerce Depart time compliments the distinguished for- Mr. Chairman, I want to call specific ment of certain communistic activities. , mer Governor of Pennsylvania, who, in attention to one or two things in here Will the gentleman enlighten me as to cidentally, is a constituent of mine, as a little later. In my opinion, there are where I can find that item? Is that I reflect that in times past the gentle a number of places in this biil where item included in the Commerce Depart man . from Ohio [Mr. THOM] was not additional stenographers, secretaries, and ment appropriation? very much concerned about what the attorneys were asked for that we might Mr. CARTER. The investigation of naval appropriations were in years prior have cut down without doing any vio the communistic activities in the various to the present emergency. lence to our national defense progr;tm bureaus of the Government is in the Mr. HARE. Will the gentleman yield? and without seriously impeding or ham- · hands of the Department of Justice at Mr. CARTER. May I say to the gen pering the functions of · government. It the present time. tleman from Ohio that I am the one is those things that I want cut down. Mr. BENDER. Has that been trans who is supposed to be making the speech Mr. KEAN. Will the gentleman yield? ferred? here? I would prefer to yield for ques Mr. CARTER. ~ yield to the gentle Mr. CARTER. At one time some of the tions rather. than. .speeches. I now yield man from New Jersey. various bureaus and departments were to the gentleman from South Carolina Mr. KEAN. I notice in connection carrying on independent investigations, [Mr. HARE]. with this question of foreign service that but that has all been taken over by the Mr. HARE. This is for the purpose of we provide salaries for ambassadors to Department of Justice. The Depart supplementing the answer to the inquiry Poland, Belgium, . Czechoslovakia, the ment of Commerce did at one time make of the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. Netherlands, Bulgaria, Norway, Rumania, some investigations and it dismissed cer BENDER] in regard to an increased appro Yugoslavia, Thailand, and other coun tain of the people there. Others re priation for the F. B. I. The record will tries, where we cannot have ministers signed. But 'at a certain time it re show there is an emergency increase of and ambassadors at this time. Has the ceived a communication from the De over $7,000,000 in this bill to b'e used by gentleman any assurance by the State partment of Justice saying that that ·this ·activity of the Department of Jus Department that this money will not be matter was in the hands of the Depart tice during the emergency, and a $150,000 used as long as there is no place for· these ment of Justice· from then on. . There- increase in the regular expenditures. ambassc:tdors? . after the Department of Commerce Mr. CARTER. I thank the gentleman Mr. CARTER. Yes; we certainly have. ceased its investigation. for the information. Many of those men who were working in Mr. BENDER. I have observed that Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Chairman, will the areas that are now in the hands of our the Federal Bureau of Investigation ·has gentleman yield? enemies have been transferred to other been granted the amount of money asked Mr. CARTER. I yield to the gentle places and are working there. That for by the Bureau of the Budget, but not man from Minnesota. matter was discussed at some·length with any additional money. I understand Mr. O'HARA. Can the gentleman the Secretary of State and the Assistant there is need for additional men in that from California assure me there is no Secretary of State, and we were given Department. They have been doing such money in this appropriation bill for assurances that they would use the strict a good job in not watching the clock pensions for Congressmen? est' economy in the administration of this that I am wondering if some additional . Mr. CARTER. That matter was not matter. money will be made available for that discussed before the subcommittee, and ·Mr. DITTER. Will the gentleman Bureau to carry on its work in addition not by the widest ·stretch of the imagina yield? to what is provided in this bill. tion could any of this money be used for Mr. CARTER. I yield to the gentle Mr. CARTER. If the gentleman will pensions for Congressmen. man from Pennsylvania. refer to page 54 of the report, he will see Mr. O'HARA. May I assure the gen .. Mr. DITTER. In line with the inquiry that the Federal Bureau of Investigation tleman I am much comforted by his of the gentleman .from New Jersey, can gets a good many million dollars more statement? the gentleman from California tell us this year than it got last year, which will Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, will the whether the former Governor of Penn give it many additional employees. I gentleman yield? sylvania, George Earle, who lately was agree with the gentleman that they are Mr. CARTER. I yield to the gentle with the Diplomatic Service, is still on carrying on a most excellent and im man from Nebraska. the pay rolls? portant work . and that their efforts Mr. STEFAN. If the gentleman is re Mr. THOM. Will the gentleman should not be hampered on account of ferring to the item marked "retirement," yield? lack of funds. I can assure the gentle that refers to the retirement of Federal Mr. DITTER. I would like an answer man that they can get along very well judges and retirement of employees in to my question if the gentleman has the on this amount. If they cannot, there the Foreign Service, which runs a little information at hand. is a deficiency committee here before over $1,000,000. Mr. RABAUT .. Will the gentleman which they can go and ask for additional Mr. O'HARA .. I thank the gentleman. yield? . funds before the close of the next fiscal Mr. BENDER. . Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. CARTER. I yield to the gentle year. I believe that Mr. J. Edgar · gentleman yield? man from Michigan. Hoover and his associates are doing a Mr. CARTER. I yield to the gentle Mr. RABAUT. We do not keep track very splendid work and I for one do not man from Ohio. of the movement of every individual per want to hamper them by lack of funds Mr. BENDER. Are these persons in son in the State Department. because. their work is very closely related the Foreign Service granted pensions as Mr. DITTER. I thought the distin with the war efforts of this country and are the judges? guished gentleman from Michigan, know they must have money for carrying· it Mr. CARTER. Of course, the Federal ing as I do ·his profound knowledge of on. judges ar:e granted pensions without all matters that come within his juris Mr. THOM. ·WilJ the .gentleman yield? making any contribution whatever to diction, would probably have the answer Mr. CARTER. I yield to the gentle the retirement fund, the same as the at hand as to whether the former Gov man from Ohio. members of the Army and Navy, the ernor of Pennsylvania, George H. Earle, Mr. THOM. In reply to the gentleman Public Health Service, and several other is still on the pay roll as a part of the from Pennsylvania [Mr. DITTER], who is branches of the Government. State Department as an Ambassador? concerned about the activities of Mr. [Here the gavel fell.] · Mr. CARTER. May I say to the gen George Earle, former Governor of Penn- · Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, I yield. tleman from Pennsylvania that I am un sylvania, may I say, first, that I am not · myself 5 additional minutes. able to say whether he is on the pay roll from Pennsylvania: I am from Ohio, but Mr. BENDER. Will the gentleman at this particular moment or not. I have read in the newspapers that the gentleman yield further? Mr. BENDER. Will the gentleman former Governor of Pennsylvania has re Mr. CARTER. I do not care to go into yield? signed as Minister to Bulgaria · and is this pension matter at this time, because 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1279 1t is a matter of which this subcommittee Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, I yield the Appropriations Committee for their does not have jurisdiction. However, my myself 5 additional minutes. vigilance in seeing that there is no mone~ understanding is that the Foreign Service · Mr. RABAUT. ·Mr. Chairman, will the in this bill for pensions for Congressmen. officers are given a retirement pension gentleman yield? The I?eople of this country are thor without making any contribution to the Mr. CARTER. I yield to the gentle- oughly aroused and incensed over the fund. man from Michigan. · measure providing civil-service retire Mr. BENDER. That is what I wanted Mr. RABAUT. It was my pleasure in ment benefits for elective officers which to ask the gentleman. These persons are surveying the institutions of the coun has recently been adopted by Congress not required to make any contribution try to pay a visit to this particular jail and which seemingly had the whole~ whatsoever? Is that the gentleman's to which my colleague is referring. I hearted approval of the President of the understanding? found it to be a most efficiently run in United States. Mr. STEFAN. I think the Foreign stitution. The personnel in charge and In my candid opinion, the people are Service officers do, but the judges do not. the modernization of the entire equip justified in their indignation, for this is Mr. CARTER. I am not certain ment, even t.o the automobiles on the not wholesome legi~lation. Certainly it whether the Foreign Service officers do highways with two-way radios, was really was most inopportune. Congress and or not. something to cause admiration. I con the President made a mistake in approv Mr. STEFAN. The Foreign Service gratulate the gentleman on having such ing this measure carrying these provi officers contribute 5 percent toward their a :fine institution in his district. sions for civil-service retirement benefits retirement pensions, but in connection Mr.-CARTER. I thank the gentleman. with this item of slightly over $500,000 for elective officers. I felt so at the time. He is referring to the Alameda County I feel so even more now. I have never for the retirement of Federal judges, that Jail at Oakland, Calif., which is admin is not a cooperative proposition and the istered by Sheriff Gleason. The-gentle favored legislation granting such bene judges make no contribution toward that man also met the sheriff while he was fits to elective officers. I did not favor fund. there and, together with the gentleman the recently enacted legislation. And I Mr. CARTER. I thank the gentleman. from Nebraska, I am Eure was very much think it should be repealed without delay. I was uncertain as to whether or not the impressed with the efficient manner in · Now that the A.merican people have so Foreign Service officers made any contri which Sheriff Gleason is administering plainly indicated their attitude, it is in bution. I have been Under the impression the affairs of the jail. cumbent upon this body that we take that they did. not make a contribution, As I said in the beginning, granting ~n immediate action to bring this issue again and I am very glad to be corrected on additional sum for civilian-pilot train before this body, and in a manner which that. ing over the amount recommended by · will affo.rd every Member an opportunity As stated by the chairman, Mr. James the Bureau cf the Budget was what to de:fimtely express his attitude toward Bennett is head of the Bureau of Prisons brought this appropriation above the such legislation. · and I believe is doing a splendid work estimates of the Bureau of the Budget. I have personally conferred with the there. · It has been the idea of this sub My recollection is that we gave them chairman of the Civil Service Committee committee that it is good business for the of Government if the largest number pos $16,000,000 more than the Bureau of the the House and others to this effect and Budget granted them. Personally, I was I am gratified that such procedu~e is sible of these prisoners could be put out being initiated. I wish to commend my at work on roads or some other outside inclined to cut that down somewhat, but my good friend, the gentleman from Ne good friend and colleague Hon. ROBERT work. It costs much less to maintain RAMSPECK, chairman of the Civil Service them out there. Therefore, we have braska [Mr. STEFAN], who sits next to me on the committee, in his usual per Committee, for the fair attitude which he urged that this be done to the greatest has assumed. I know that this able and possible extent, and I may say it is being suasive manner, prevailed upon me that this was a paJ.:ticularly important matter. distinguished Member who ·so faithfully done. I think that our prison population and honorably represents the great Fifth at the preeent time is not increasing. The chairman and other members of the committee urged it upon me, too and I Congressional District, in which is located This is the :first time in a good many the capital city of Georgia, is honestly years that that statement could be truth think for about the :first time sine~ I have · and .hea~tily in favor of this legislation. fully made; so we are putting these pris been on the Appropriations Committee I consented to an increase over what was He.llkeWI£e knows that I do not approve oners out. of It. Both of us are sincere in our con The chairman also referred to the fact recommended by the Bureau of the Budget. However, I felt justified in doing victions. Yet, even though the gentle that it was necessary in certain locations man from Georgia [Mr. RAMSPECK] for Federal prisoners to be held in county this owing to the nature of the work that is to be carried on with this money and favors the measure, in a spirit of fair play jails. We had quite a discussion as to the and sound legislative procedure he has condition of these jalls throughout the the fact that we now :find ourselves en gaged in a war. It will mean the train recognized that the people of this Nation country and asked Mr. Bennett to submit are not satisfied with the action taken for the record a list of these jails With ing of thousands of pilots. We have many of the overhead expenditures in and he has definitely stated that his com the ratings that the Bureau of Prisons mittee will begin immediate consideration gave them, after making a thorough ex connection with this work already pro vided for and it is much better than of legislation to repeal this provision amination of the jails. I may say, inci granting civil-service retirement benefits· dentally, that the Detroit House of Cor going out and setting up a new organi zation. to elective officers. His constituents, I rection at Plymouth, Mich., which is a am sure, even as do his colleagues admire city jail, stood highest on the list, with a Now, in closing, I may say that I believe in the future we have got to scrutinize this display of his clear conception of rating of 87 percent. _ le.gisl!ltive responsibility. It is typical of Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will these appropriation bills even ~ore care hiS high sense of public duty and his con the gentleman yield? fully than we are doing at the present scientious effort to properly serve his con Mr. CARTER. I yield to the gentle time. We have got to cut out every item stituents and his country_ man from Michigan. that is not necessary for carrying on this The American public is demanding Mr. DONDERO. I may say that that war, except it be for carrying on just that we act at once. It is incumbent institution hatJpens to be within the con the ordinary functions of government, upon Congress to heed this demand and - gressional diStrict I have the honor to and delay every item that can possibly be I am heartily in favor of the immediate represent. delayed, because we are piling upon the repeal of this law. Mr. CARTER. I congratulate the gen Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, I yield tleman, not on having a jail in his dis taxpayers of this country a burden that is going to be unbearable unless this is 30 minutes to the gentleman from Ne trict, but on having a jail that is so braska [Mr. STEFAN]. efficiently administered within his dis done. trict. I may say that the Alameda Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman I yield OUR CIVILIAN J>ILOT-TRAINING PROGRAM County jail at Oakland, Calif., received a 5 minutes to the gentleman from 'Georgia Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I wish rating of 81 percent, and was one of the [Mr. PETERSON]. to speak about the Civil Aeronautics Ad highest. M~. PETERSON of Georgia. Mr. miniStration. This agency came under [Here the gavel fell.] Chairman, I commend the members of the -scrutiny of the subcommittee for the 1280 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY ·16 first time last year, when it was returned vantage of the outstanding technical from Washington; and yet more than 500 to the Department of Commerce. Natu qualifications of a great many men in the American colleges and universities ap rally, we went into its operations very C. A. A. organization. prove these C. A. A. courses so heartily thoroughly. We did this for three rea The fourth type of C. A. A. activity that they have put them in their official sons: First, because it was new to us. about which I wish to speak is its great · catalogues and given regular academic Second, because tl'lere was a great deal of program of civilian pilot training. It will credit for the work. protest over the fact that it was returned be plain to many of my colleagues by this ·· This program has the approval of par to the Department of Commerce; and, time that this pilot-training program has ents-of the-fathers and mothers of the third, because we all were aware of the been a major interest of mine since I first very boys who have learned to flY-be vital importance of aviation to any na began to learn about it. It is just about cause of its remarkable record of safety tion in this world, whether. in war or in 3 years old now, and in that short time it in the air. Nothing like this record ever peace. has become, without a doubt, one of the had been heard of in aviation before. I believe my colleagues will concur in greatest forces for the advancement ef Jn training these 70,000 fliers, over 3 the fact that we found the C. A. A. to be aviation in the history of this country. years, only' 17 students have been killed. an up-and-coming agency, headed by . Actually the C. A. A. civilian pilot The safety record is so amazing that it capable people and doing an excellent job. training program will go down in history has kept even the insurance companies Four of its major activities are of great as one of the most important steps in breathless. From the beginning, each importance to the war effort. The first preparation for this war. student has had to carry $3,000 life in is construction, maintenance, and opera Robert Hinckley and the other leaders surance and at least $500 accident cover tion of the Federal airways system, the of the C. A. A. did something about the age. When this program was started the 30,000-mile network of aerial highways need for mass production of pilots years insurance companies decided to charge over which airplanes can fly with a maxi before anybody else did. They worked $20 for this protection. Since that time mum of safety in all sorts of weather. out a plan and started this production 3 they have made six successive voluntary The air is like an ocean above the earth, years ago, which is to say before the in reductions in the premium for this in and pilots can stay on their course vasion of Poland. They tremendously surance until it now can be ·obtained for through this ocean by means of hundreds enlarged this program, wih th~ support $4.60. I know of no better way to prove and hundreds of beacons and radio sig of Congress, in the spring of 1940. The to you the utterly unprecedented safety nals and other communications which net result of their far-sighted policies is of this progr~m than by citing this ex have been set up and now are operated by that up to this time they have trained perience of the insurance underwriters. thousands of expert employees of the more than 70,000 healthy young Amer All of my colleagues know how anxious C. A. A. In -time of peace this system of icans as pilots, have multiplied and the colleges of the United States are to aerial highways was indispensable to the standardized this Nation's facilities for develop programs on their campuses commercial air lines. In time of war it aviation training, have produced several which will be of practical and direct use is indispensable to the armed forces in thousand flight instructors for expan fulness in the winning of this war. And moving . airplanes from one part of the sion of the armed forces, and, all in all, I say to you without qualifications that country to another in order to be able to have been one of the most potent forces there is nothing new which ·can be insti meet any emergency. I do· not believe it in this Nation's struggle for air su tuted in the colleges of America which is an exaggeration to say that today these premacy. can make a greater contribution to vic airways are used four or five times as Nearly every Member of this Congress tory than stepping up this program much by the airplanes of the armed forces is ·well aware that one of the most re which is already established in the col as they are by civil airplanes, and it markable aspects of this program is the leges and acceptable to them: and · a should be obvious that this ratio will be way it was developed along essentially proven war asset, to the fullest extent increased as the production of military democratic lines. We hear a great deal that they can handle. airplanes increases. these days to the effect that the only But perhaps I should not make such a The second activity of the Civil Aero way to get large jobs done quickly is to sweeping statement until I . ha.ve given nautics Administration which is vitar to centralize and regiment the work. We more specific facts about the contribu the· war is its construction of airports or are told that we must grant extraordi tion which this C. A. A. pilot training has landing areas. 'The chairman of this nary powers to a relatively few people so made to the war effort. There may be subcommittee has given you . the exact that we can force high-speed production some among you who are not fully in figures on our proposals for such work regardless of obstacles. That may be formed on this point. · I will not be sur during the coming year. It should be true in certain situations, but I want to prise·d if there are, because it is a notori -remembered that the appropriation item call your attention to the C. A. A. pilot ous and regrettable fact that a great for this work is merely a continuation of ·training program as a shining example many of the people who ought to have a well-planned program which began in of how free peop~e and free colleges and been cheering and supporting and help the fall of 1940 and for which we have free commercial flying schools have done ing this program for years have been dif appropriated money several times. This a great job for America when they were fident and lukewarm toward it, if not program is carefully integrated and con given the responsibility for it and told to openly hostile to it. To their eternal trolled by the needs of the armed forces. step on the gas. credit it should be said that a few of the Every project in it has been approved by a ·This training program has been de military leaders have had the vision to board consisting of the Secretaries of centralized as far as possible. The C. A. grasp the significance of this program War, NavY, and Commerce. The net re- · A. simply contracted with hundreds of from the start. But unfortunately there suit is that these landing fields not only colleges which were willing to give has been a sufficient number of their col will be of prime value in the war effort, ground-school training and with equal leagues who have spread doubt and dis but also will be convertible to civil avia numbers of local commercial :flying favor to largely offset their efforts. I tion after the war in very large degree. schools which were qualified to give the think it is a black mark against all of us This means that a large portion of these flight training. These training centers that this trajning program now is run expenditures sctually have long-range are spread all over the map of this coun ning at only a .fraction of its full capacity value rather than merely wartime value. try and its territorial possessions. They at a time when a little group of the brav Another important service of the are located in every State in the Union est men in the world's history are be C. A. A. to the war effort is the increas and in almost every congressional dis sieged on a Far Eastern peninsula for lack ingly large contribution made by c. A. A. trict. I doubt if there is a Member of this of a relatively few military planes and inspectors and technicians in ex.amining, Congress who has not received in his mail pilots. I wish to say in extenuation that testing, and supervising adjustments on communications from his constituents this House will recall, just about a year airplanes being produced for the armed endorsing and supporting this program. ago, the fact that we granted a substan forces. It is obvious that these services It has gained the support of educators tial increase in the appropriation for this cannot be discussed in too much detail from all sections because the C. A. A. work over the amount requested of us by because their very nature is part and courses have been substantial and use the Budget. It should be further re parcel of the most· confidential sort of ful. It is no secret that educators are corded that we are asking at this time for information. But it is plain to us that inclined to look with suspicion upon any a much larger increase over the amount the armed, forces are taking growing ad- proposal in their field which emanates now r~quested by the Bud,get, and that .1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE 1281 we want to see this program established When the C. A. A. started its large-scale of these instructors is the C. A. A. turn on the kind of "all out" basis to which it program a couple of years ago there were ing out in this fiscal year? More than is entitled in the present military crisis. not enough instructors in the country to 4,000, which is a quantity almost unheard Now, just how much has the C. A. A. do the job. The C. A. A., therefore, in of in aviation history. training program contributed to the war stituted, on a large scale what it called But the end is not yet. Even before effort? Although it was started as a refresher courses. Seasoned fiyers were Pearl Harbor the word at last had been purely civilian program, the experts of brought up to standard and instructed in getting around that the C. A. A. really the Army and Navy were consulted from the best modern methods of teaching had something of major usefulness. As the very outset in order that the fiyers students to fiy. More than 5,000 of those a result, both the Army Ferry Command who were trained would be in large degree instructor courses were given, and lit and Pan-American Airways requested. fitted for military training. The age erally thousands of experienced fiyers the C. A. A. to inaugurate still more group from which they were selected, were brought back into active aviation advanced courses in which the best of their educational requirements, and, as from other pursuits and standardized as this instructor group cDJuld be trained far as possible, their physical condition teachers. The result of that was that in instrument fiying and in the piloting were made parallel to the requirements when the Army got ready to make large of great transport airplanes with two or for military fiying cadets. Several times scale expansions in their training facil more motors over long distances to the during the 3-year period these require ities, there were available to them these foreign theaters of war. Again the ments have been adjusted in order to fol thousands of instructors. I am sure that C. A. A. took up the challenge, and it low adjustments in the military require almost any of the dozens of schools has agreed to train 1,000 of these high ments. For nearly 2 years the C. A. A, which are now continUing the Army's grade ferry pilots. students have been required to sign a primary training can testify that their What I am saying is that in the crisis pledge to use this training in the defense present scale of operations is due in very this splendid C. A. A. training organiza of their country when needed. This considerable degree to this reservoir of tion is being called upon time and again pledge has been progressively tightened, instructors created by the C. A. A. I will to do more difficult and still more diffi until at present it is an affidavit which is give you one example. The director of cult jobs-and is doing its job-only be coordinated with the work of local draft the Hawthorne School of Aeronautics of cause it has demonstrated that it has boards in such a way that when any stu Orangeburg, S.C., which is an Army con the formula and the ability and the or dent fails in a C. A. A. course or fails to tract school, said only last week that 29 ganization for mass production of pilots enter the armed forces within 30 days of his 33 fiight instructors give the of a great many kinds. It has adapta after his term is finished, he is reported C. A. A. program at least part of the bility and the power to produce pilot~ in back to the draft board and put on the credit for their present qualificationS and tremendous quantities because it has list eligible for call. This in it.self is a the majority stated fiatly that they could · kept its assets liquid and not frozen them definite recognition by the armed forces not hold their present jobs were it not in a maze of bureaucratic machinery. of the value of this training. for the C. A. A. training. That story I am not talking to you about mere But let us take the actual statistics. could be repeated dozens of times across theory. I am talking about facts. Boys Fifteen thousand of these C. A. A. pilots this country among the organizations from the C. A. A. courses already have already are fiying for Uncle Sam or in the which are now training the bulk of our seen plenty of action in several of the Army or Navy. About 9,000 others are in military cadets and the total score, as I theaters of this war. other branches of the armed forces. For said, would run into thousands of in You might like to know the scale on example, nearly 100 are aviation-weather structors. which these student fiyers are entering men, because after their pilot training As far as the students themselves are the armed forces. I cannot go into too they were given· a year's training in ad concerned, I have spoken thus far only of much detail for fear of giving . aid and vanced meteorology through an arrange the simpler courses. For the first year comfort to the enemy, but I can say that 'ment by the C. A. A. and the Weather of the program an elementary course on the Army starts a class of air cadets Bureau. The Field Artillery now is train light airplanes was all that was given. every 5 weeks and that in a recent single ing pilots to fiy its "grasshopper squad In the second year a secondary course class 850 of the beginners were C. A A. rons" of light observation planes. Inci was instituted on which these light-plane boys. I can also add that there are on dentally it has asked the C. A. A. training pilots would be given additional experi the campuses of American colleges more experts to assist in these courses. More ence on the same type of airplane used than 20,000 students not yet eligible for than one-half the men who have been in primary military training. As a result selective service who already have com assigned to this training so far are sol of that course the Navy found that it pleted at least one of the C. A. A. courses diers who obtained their first pilot li could save as much 33 hours of actual and thus are well started on the road to censes through the C. A. A. courses. Hun fiight on the part of these boys when they becoming pilots. That is a priceless dreds of aeronautical engineers and oth entered the service. reservoir of pilot material. As for the ·ers with similar technical training who A little later the Army came forward future, I hope it will be understood from have come from our colleges in these 3 with another problem. It expected to what I said before that the C. A. A. is years and now are in the armed forces or need still larger quantities of fiight in not teaching anybody to fiy who is not in industrial production are better tech structors for its primary school, and it definitely obligated in advance to use nicians, because they became pilots wanted to know whether the C. A. A. that training in the interest of Uncle through the C. A. A. could start still more advanced courses Sam. I have been asked several times whic.h would produce fiight instructors This whole training program is being whether the early C. A. A. training is out of its own students. At the same closely integrated with the desires of the any ~ood. I can answer that in terms of time the commercial air lines were ex Nation's air forces. That integration is the Army's own statistics, as a result of pressing concern over their need for co much closer today than it was before its own experience. The study of lit pilot replacements because many of their Pearl Harbor, and we have every reason erally thousands of these C. A. A. boys pilots were being called from reserve to to believe that .it will be even closer in who have gone from the early C. A. A. active duty. To meet these needs the the near future. In fact, a proposal to courses to Army training reveals that only C. A. A. started still more advanced that end is being studied, we are in about 10 percent of them fail in Army courses. It gave to its high-ranking stu formed, in the War Department right primary training, whereas the Army dents a third course of croes-country now. suffers failures · of 40 percent and over fiight on still larger planes and a fur C. A. A. trained pilots already are among those boys who have not been in ther course in how to· teach aviation to actively ·fighting. Lt. George S. Welch, troduced to aviation through the C. A. A. beginners. Upon successful conclusion who learned to fiy in a C. A. A. course The saving of about 30 percent in Army of these four courses a boy who began at Purdue, recently was decorated for "wash-outs" not only means the saving fiying with the C. A. A. becomes a full shooting down four Jap planes over of a great deal of money but also the fledged commercial pilot and fiight in Pearl Harbor. Melvin Potter, of the saving of a very great amount of pre structor. That is, he can go all the way R. A. F. Eagle Squadron, was cited for cious time which never· can be regained. from the greenest novice to an officially forcing down two German planes in the Now let us look for a moment at the rated flight instructor within the train English Channel. Potter began with a situation as regards fiight instructors. ing facilities of the C. A. A. How many c. A. A. course at Lockport, ru. Several LXXXVlli--81 1282 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 16 of the other stars in the American Eagle their schools .:ln the C. A. A. program was contribution to the armed for~s in a. Squadrcn got their first fiying in C. A. A. one of the wisest decisions ever made in dozen different ways, and continually is courses. Washington. Through their. C. A. A. .being requested to take on more and The plain fact is that right now this -contracts, even if the prices paid for this more responsibility. The· C. A. A. train program is operating at only about one training were very modest by any stand ing facilities are not being used to any third of its capacity. With the amount ard, hundreds of these small :flying con thing like their capacity, despite the cry of money we are requesting for the next cerns have become sound business enter ing need for pilots of all kinds and types. fiscal year it can operate at about 50 per prises with good and modern equipment It must be plain to anyone that it is much cent of its "all out" capacity; but the and a new attitude toward the world. easier, in the greatest industrial nation amount we are requesting is a very sub These :flying schools are going to have, of the world, to produce any sort of an stantial increase over the amount · sug for the American people and the national airplane than it is to produce the men gested by the Bureau of the Budget, and welfare, a significance far beyond this who can :fly it. Production of pilots takes I for one would hesitate to propose a war. We are building in this country a time. There is no substitute for time larger sum than $36,000,000 unless and tremendous aviation industry which is in this work. I think this House of until the Nation's armed forces are will certain to make tremendous changes jn Representatives ought to place the stamp ing to bring before us an organized pro the post-war life of every one of us. The of its faith once more upon the Civil posal in which they give to this C. A. A. aircraft industry this year will be the .Aeronautics Administration, the one training 01 ganization the kind of place it second ranking industry, second only to .agency-of the Federal Government which rightfully deserves. -In other words, I am steel. It will employ more than a mil saw this problem earliest and had the absolutely convinced that the C. A. A. lion skilled workers. It will produce sev ingenuity to find a way toward its solu.. training program is capable of doing a eral billions of dollars worth of aviation tioa ' great deal more sound and useful training products. There is no problem now in Mr. Chairman, I want to join the mem than can be done with the money we are where this production will be used. n bers of the subcommittee in commending asking; but the armed forces should re-· will be used to win this war. But when our committee clerk, Mr. Jack McFall, cognize formally the obvious- value of this this war is won the problem of how to who after 14 years of service in the House program to them and should formally use this tremendous aircraft production Committee on Appropriations, 'serving state their desire to use its product in will be a very serious one. And the peo- .under about nine committee chairmen specific ways. Again, I do not wish to . pie who will train the hundreds of thou is resigning to enter the service of th~ create any impression by these remarks sands of young Americans in peaceful Navy, If you will look at the hearings that the C. A. A. program is not being use :flying after this war will be the very men .under the item for the State Depart ful right now. It is being useful at al who ·are running the hundreds of :flying ment, you will find some additional com most any stage of the development of schools in the C. A. A. program today. mendation directed to this valuable ser pilots that you might want to name. It That is, they will be ready and willing to vant without whose advice I and other is being useful in a very large way~ The do the post-war job as well as the war job members of the committee, would be lost. armed forces are using it from the begin if we keep on using them now in the I wish Jack M~Fall good luck and God ning class right on up through the pro C. A. A. work, which they have proved so speed and an early return to the service duction of thousands of instructors-to the thoroughly that they can do. of the legislative branch of the Govern training of the very highest type of pilots _ The C. A. A. needs more money for ment. who will :fly big multiengine transports this job than ever before because the . Mr. HOOK. Mr. Chairman, will the across the oceans. But I think that out advanced courses cost a great deal more gentleman yield? of fairness to-the hundreds and hundreds than the courses on 'ittle :flivver air Mr. STEFAN. I yield. of colleges and hundreds·and hundreds of planes .. The teaching of ferry pilots re . Mr. HOOK. · I think the compliment commercial :flying schools which have quires that they get extensive experience .of . the gentleman to the civilian pilot shown the way in the mass training of in the handling of big airliners, and such training is very timely. They have done flyers, the armedforcesshould step up and .a course costs four or five times _as much .a wonderful job ·in piiot training. A give credit where credit is.due. Of course, as an .elementary course. Yet the Air good number of our pilots who have now in a time like this the giving of credit is Corps is urging the C. A. A. people to do .gone into the service received their pre not the important thing. The important as much of the advanced training. as it ·liminary training in the civilian pilot. thing i:> to get a job done. · But these far possibly can. training school. I wish we could be as fiung C. A. A. training facilities operating I want to emphasize that none of this complimentary to the Army in their all over this Nation from the State of C. A. A. training should be considered a .training program. Instead of having Washington-to Maine and from Texas to duplication of the. Army's own training, .what is known as the Ryan small trainer · North Dakota, constitute.the real way to Since Pearl Harbor there seems to have .and the Steerman wood and wire airplane get the job done. Nobody can deny that been a marked change in the situation. .to train in, where we lost not only thou the teaching of the theory· of flight and ·The Army is getting more airplanes than sands but millions of hours in·the train the elements of weather and the mathe it expected, and it is crying for all sorts ing of pilots, there should be a coordi matics of how to navigate an airplane _of experienced pilots. nated training program that would give through-space is education and nothing I said a year ago that it was folly to .to us some 500,000 pilots who will be but education. The place to teach it on. assume we could possibly produce too needed in this· program. the largest scale is in the colleges of the many pilots. I say it again.· All the pi Mr. STEFAN. I tpank the gentleman United States, whose business is higher lots that possibly can be produced by all for his observation. I want to assure education. Nobody can deny that the :fly the training facilities of this countr~ wiil him that when the President issued the ing of an airplane is. a highly technical not be too many. They may not even be Executive order on December 13 he prac business which.can be conducted best by .enough. And every pilot we can turn tically put into the Army the civilian the men who have made a .business. of it. _ out for· this war quickly will help to .Pilot training program, and that there is In this country, these men are the pio shorten the struggle, and thus may sa-ve coordination today: We in no way neers of aviation. A great many of them , thousands of lives. criticize the Army here. We are assured were :flyers in the first World War. A It is for all these reasons that I want that we are getting full cooperation from great many.of them were the barnstorm .to urge my colleagues to approve this .both the Na'Vy · and the Army, and also ers we saw at county fairs in the .days ·$36,009,000 for C. A. A. pilot training dur .we want the gentleman from Michigan when the airplane was an exciting nov .ing the next fiscal . year. The C. ·A. A. .and other Members of the House to know .elty. A great many of them settled down -has proved that it· can· do the job not that we in no wa:y wish to- supersede the in the communities of this country years only in the early stages of :flying but Army or the-Navy in conducting the avi ·ago to make their life work the teaching _right· up to the men who· must :fly the ·ation program for the prosecution of this of younger people to :fly . . They struggled .biggest airplanes across - the oceans. .war. That is their great task. This is .along fo.r years, many o.f them just a ~The · c. A. A. has done this job, not in the merely supplementary and sort of a feed 'jump ahead of the sheriff, trying_to k~ep , ·way of· bureaucracy, ·but by decentraliz- . _ing. station for. the· two branches of our . out of , bankruptcy in the. aviation busi-:- ·ing the work · and de~egating it to local services. , - ness. The decision made by Mr. Hinckley 1 .institutions and· .to -.private enterprise. Mr. HOOK. If the gentleman.is cor and his associates to use these _men and ·The ·C. A. A. alre~dY: has_ made a major rect when -he s~y~ there is complete coor- 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE 1283 dination and cooperation between the -The request from the Army to the C. P. Mr. DI'ITER. Or whatever the outfit civilian pilot training and the Army, but T. was for 4,000 instructors. They are is that these compliments have been fly it is the Army's program of not having a being produced this year. One thousand ing about so thick and fast in the last straightforward program, where the avi ferry pilots now in production; 2,000 in few minutes. If the gentleman will per ators go right straight through in the strument courses requested by the Army mit ah observation, it seems to me that fast-flying ships instead of having the only recently. The program for the year the Navy has a province of its own and slow-flying ships. 1942 was rather meager when compared it hardly befits any of us here to try to Mr. STEFAN. I have faith in the to the dream and the actual possibilities~ cast an aspersion on what naval aviation Army program. The Army Air Corps 25,000 in the·elementary courses; 9,000 in may be by drawing an invidious compari has my full admiration. ram sure there the secondary courses; and 4,000 instruc son between that program and this Civil is close cooperation between the Army tors. We have trained and licensed 70,000 Aeronautics program. and the civilian pilot training service. pilots in 3 years since this program has Mr. STEFAN. That is not true at all. In fact, the C. P. T. is under the Army, been in operation. Mr. HOUSTON. Does not the gentle if I interpret the President's order cor The safety factor is something very man think it is a pretty good program • rectly. Every man in the civilian pilot interesting to notice, because out of when there is only 1 fatality in 17,000,000 training today becomes a member of our 70,000 flyers trained there were only 17 flying hours? Reserve Corps. When he "washes out" deaths. Where the insurance companies Mr. DITTER. I still say that the com in the C. P. T. he takes his place in the used to charge just $20 on a $3,000 life parison is invidious when you think of draft or he goes into the service. I am and $6,000 accident policy, they have .the type of training that this Civil Aero sure the Army is agreeable to the pro cut that down to $4. nautics outfit might be required to do gram and recognizes its great value. Mr. HOUSTON. Is it not true right and compare that with what the Army Mr. HOUSTON. The gentleman from at that point we have had only one fa and Navy flyers are required to do. Per Nebraska has a thorough understanding ta.Iity in the last 17,000,000 air ... miles in sonally, I resent it. of the whole problem of civilian student , the pilot-training program? Mr. STEFAN. I agree with the gen pilot training. As the chairman pointed Mr. STEFAN. The gentleman is cor t~eman from Pennsylvania. I think I out awhile ago, the program does not cost rect. know something about Army and NaVY the Government any money for equip Now, as to efficiency: As the gentle flying as compared with the flying under ment in the way of aircraft. They buy man from Kansas so aptly said a little C. P. T. Of course, you cannot compare tt.eir own planes. If we transfer this while ago, only 10 percent of the C. P. T. the :flying of c. P. T. with the Army and plan and put it under the Army, we boys who go to the Army primary course Navy. I said four times, if the gentleman should have to buy the planes. fail. There are only 10 percent of wash had been listening to me, that we are in Mr. STEFAN. The gentleman is abso outs as against 40 percent wash-outs no way endeavoring to supersede the lutely right. The gentleman comes from among those who do not have the C. P. T. Army or Navy, but merely endeavoring the great city of Wichita, which is training. to place a reservoir here from which they the-- Mr. HOUSTON. If the gentleman will can draw. . Mr. HOUSTON. Air capital of the yield again briefly, is it not a fact they Mr. DITTER. With that I am in thor world. are now taking these pilots from the ough accord. Mr. STEFAN. The aviation center of students' pilot training course and put Mr. CANFIELD. Will the gentleman the country, where there is great interest ting them into the basic course or sec yield?. in aviation, and the gentleman from ondary -course rather than the prelimi VALUE OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE Kansas has been very helpful in this nary course in the Army training? Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, we are civilian pilot training program. Mr. STEFAN. I do not know that that all anxious to see the country converted Mr. HOUSTON. I want to point out arrangement has yet been completed but to war effort. The Congre::;s is particu the fact that the Army is cooperating 100 I understand the basic course is the Army larly concerned about converting Gov percent today due in no small degree to secondary course. New plans are under ernment and business to war work as the efforts of the gentleman from Ne way now to deal with credits for c. P. T. swiftly as possible, as completely as is braska. graduates. necessary. Mr. STEFAN. As a result of helpful Now let me mention the capacity, the I have been investigating the remark· conferences between the chairman and pocsibilities of the C. P. T. program. The able performance of a bureau which fore members of the committee and those in C. A. A. organization could train each saw the need, converted its facilities dur authority in the Army, Navy, and the year 45,000 elementary students, 20,000 ing the defense emergency and was ready officials of the C. A. A. secondary students, 10.000 instructors, for the war. I refer to the Bureau of Mr. HOUSTON. I just want to ask the 3,000 ferry pilots, and 2,000 extra flyers. Foreign and Domestic Commerce. I be gentleman one or two short questions. Mr. HOUSTON. I would like to know lieve that any cut in its present meager As a matter of fact, the washouts from if the gentleman is informed whether the appropriation will mean curtailment of the student pilot training course a~ so NaVY is going into the various universi its contributions b the war effort. I fear much lower than in the Army there is ties of the country and establishing that this Bureau would have to curtail its not any comparison. schoolc; and if so, why? direct supplying of facts to war agencies, Mr. STEFAN. Let me give the com Mr. STEFAN. I understand they are curta!l its direct help to business trying plete picture at this point. This year the going to open a school in one college in to adjust itself to war conditions, curtail Budget cut these figures to $20,000,000. the Midwest, in Iowa. I understand they the steady fi.ow of baslc e()onomic infor We increased them to the amount re have other schools in mind. mation to other Government agencies. quested by the Department, $36,000,000. Mr. HOUSTON. That is right; but And I believe thst the extent of this cur Mr. HOUSTON. That was due, may what I am getting at is why do we have tailment will be just the amount of the I say, to the insistence of the gentleman to go to the colleges? reduct:on in the appropriation. from Nebraska; and we agree with him. Mr. STEFAN. That is a question some This is due to the following facts: The Mr. STEFAN. And due also to the one on the Naval Committee should an Budget had little meat on its bones when efforts of the gentleman from Kansas swer. the defense emergency began. This was and other members of the committee, Mr. DITTER. Mr. Chairman, will the the recult of a slash of approximately 50 who believe that aviation is going to win gentleman yield? percent of its appr()priation for 1933-34, the war. We felt we hed to do our ut Mr. STEFAN. I yield. which was never restored. Because of most. Let me tell you why the committee Mr. DI'ITER. Am I to understand as th:s reduction, half the staff had to be increaced th~s amount. The C. P. T. has the result of the colloquy passing between laid off, increased duties piled on remain contributed tn the war effort up to this the gentleman from Kansas and the gen ing personnel, and many of its useful time 15,000 men in the air force, 9,000 tleman from Nebraska that there is some services to business restricted. men who are in other branches of the sort of competition as to whether the In late 1940, in t~e limited emergency, service, ar..d 2,500 flight instructors. We Navy is to produce flyers or whether this the Bureau began to feel the pressure of have a reservoir of 20,000 young men who much-complimented C. A. A. is to have increas!ng dema~ds for factual reports on are still flying in our colleges. That is the privilege? industries, on coMmodities, for general the reservoir of college fliers. Mr. STEFAN. The C. P. T. economic data of a basic character, and 1284 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 16 for statistics and analyses of foreign Avetage number of special reports re which aiready exist. The time necessary to trade. These came from both new de quested by other Government agencies locate, hire, and train a new organization has fense agencies and regular Government for the first 3 months of 1941-752 reports been saved; the Government pay roll does not for this purpose have to be largely in agencies engaged in defense activities. per month. creased. Overcrowded -Washington does not At first, I learned, when this rising de Average number of special reports re have to find space for a new wave of resi mand reached a considerable volume in quested by other Government agencies dents to carry on this work. Overtaxed oftlce a particular field from an individual de for the last 2 months of 1941 and Janu space does not have to take on the extremely fense agency, an attempt was made to arY 1942-1,062. heavy new strain which it otherwise would. meet it by loaning or transferring trained That is an increase in the amount of Staff members unfamiliar with the location Bureau specialists to individual agencies. special work for other Government agen of the essential economic information do not cies of 310 separate requests for factual have to make useless effort looking for it. However, it was quickly discovered that In the Department of Commerce, particu these trained persons became immured in reports per month, or a 41-percent in larly in the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic the individual·agencies to which they had crease in the number of requests. Commerce, the American people possess one ~een transferred, and their valuable Moreover, I found that because of the of the largest storehouses of national and in knowledge was lost to other agencies large .number of requests for information ternational commercial data in the world. seeking the same or very similar infor on the same major industries the Bureau, The staff and facilities of this bureau there mation. in midsummer, began the publication of fore were placed at the disposal of the Board In fact, I discovered one record of eight confidential monthly industry reports. of Economic Warfare. It was planned to produce these for 60 The accumulation of the .t:Sureau's infor separate agencies all setting. out to do mation, I am told, began in 1820. The tradi something about tea and spice and all vital defense industries. The number tions of careful collection and informed in eight wind:ng up at the Bureau of For has reached only 30 because the under terpretation of all matters pertaining to in eign and Domestic Commerce ·because it manned staff has been unable to under ternational trade are thus rooted in over a had more information on tea and spices take more. hundred years of service to American busi than anyone else in the country. It also The effect of these reports was to de ness and American Government. As an in had the knowledge and confidence of the crease the number of special request.s by tegral part of the Department of Commerce tea and spice trade so .that it could gather about 20 percent for 2 months, after since 1912, the Bureau of Foreign and Do" which the number of individual requests mestic Commerce has collected, analyzed, new information more quickly and more and reported up-to-the-minute information cheaply than could anyone else. began to climb until it seems to have on the changing tariffs, regulations, and re Here was a growing need-in a Govern leveled off at slightly over 1,000 per strictions affecting trade and finance ment tackling the defense job-for reli month, or approximately 40 per working throughout the world. It has accumulated able business facts. But the Bureau's day. facts about transportation, currency, com specialists, trained to help everyone seek-· The foregoing figures refer to numbers modities, and the over-all economy of all ing facts, were getting lost in pigeonholes of requests. I found that the Bureau nations. Statistics concerning the foreign had neither the time nor the money to commerce of the United States have been of separate organizations. The Bureau collected and. analyzed. All of these data, saw the risks of such a bottleneck and keep books on the numb.er of man-hours much of which could not otherwise be ob moved to meet them. that these requests represent. In some tained now, are· directly available to the Therefore, the Bureau was mobilized cases, a few minutes was enough to give Board of Economic warfare. in late 1940 and early 1941 so that it the answer. In others, it was necessary for entire groups to devote weeks to giv SERVICES OF BUREAU OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC could function more efficiently at the. COMMERCE foreseen defense tasks. Over 30 divisions ing the complete answer to some request for involved data on a major subject. The experienced personnel of the Bureau, were condensed to 5 and all activities skilled in separating fact from propaganda, weighed as to their value to existing and Over 50 percent have come from direct in sifting the essential from the nonessen arising cond!tions. Those contributing war agencies-C. P.M., 0. C. S., 0. E. M., tial, now can eftlciently anp. economically use to the solut!on of emergency problems W. P. B., War Department, the Navy De this familiar material for the reports which were continued or expanded; those which partment, and so forth. Of the others, must t'orm the basis for much of the Board's did not were eliminated. ·· coming from other departments, agencies, work. The Board thus acquires the immedi How clear that foresight was is shown boards, the Executive Office of the Pres ate competent services of men not only versed ident, and from Members of the Con in the intricacies of world trade but able to ·by the record. Although the Bureau does begin functioning at any moment as super not attempt to enumerate all of the calls gress, a great majority are identifiable Vl!>ors and educators of an expanded organi upon it, there were 11,638 special requests with some phase of the war, or of war zation, should that become necessary. from other Government agencies, suffi preparations. The American war effort. gains another ciently important to record for reference As a result of the Bureau's readiness to advantage from the new aftlliation of the ex purposes, in the period from January 1, cooperate with other agencies in order perts on foreign affairs who are a part of the 1941, to February 1, 1942. Many of these to accomplish national aims more swiftly Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. requests arose because the Bureau had and more economically, .the Board of In adjoining offices are the Bureau's com a definite program of explaining and Economic Warfare investigated the re modity and industrial specialists and econ sources of the Bureau of Foreign and omists, with years of training in serving Gov offering its arsenal of industrial and· ernment and business. To them comes a commercial facts to each new agency Domestic Commerce and, but let me read flood of requests for information from other spawned by defense or war. It has con into the record some of the statements agencies. All of the Bureau's specialists are sistently urged the economy and time made by the Vice President of the United readily available for consultation on prob saving of using established staffed sources States as head of the Board of Economic lems concerning the field in which each is of information instead of creating more Warfare: expert and experienced. and more new organizations, often over The Nation today is girding itself for all By' utilizing the staff of the Bureau of lapping in purpose. It has actively pur _out war on the economic as well as the mili ForeZgn and Domestic Commerce, the Board tary front. In this economi::J war we are not of Economic Warfare avoids the necessity of sued its efforts to aid any and all agencies establishing and manning new field oftlces needing business facts. stopping to recruit a vast new army of workers. · Instead we are swiftly mobilizing throughout the Nation or of setting up new So many jobs were needed by certain existing agencies and gearing them into a contacts with thousands of business firms. defense agencies that allotments from smooth-running machine that can get re The regional and district oftlces of the Bu emergency funds, totaling $110,000, were sults. reau are manned by experts thoroughly ex given the Bureau to hire temporary per Just as the Nation's young men are offer perienced in the type of work that the Board ing to sacrifice themselves and their careers may need. These experts are now at tpeir sonnel to aid the Bureau's regular per posts ready for action. sonnel in 1941. It is work like this that in the common cause, agencies are giving up has made the increase of working hours for the duration of the war some of the1r This somewhat startling innovation in normal peacetime functions and preroga in the Bureau from 40 to 44 hours a week tives. Government procedure led me to look more a legitimatizing of procedure long Thus it is that the Board of Economic War into the details a bit. Thus it appeared in operation than an innovation in ex fare can direct this nonmilitary phase of the that the Board of Economic Warfare had tending the productive man-hours. war with a trained, eftlcient staff and with allocated $1,000,000 to the Bureau to in · How this load has increased is plain direct, quick, and economical access to the crease its personnel, particularly in the from these few data: great storehouses o! econ01.1ic information lower ranks. This was done so that the 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1285 Bureau can carry on the increasingly · eluding the War Production Board, the turn their small facilities to war pro numerous tasks which the Board of Eco..: Office of Price. Administration, and the duction, would be snuffed out by the pro nomic Warfare is assigning to it; so that military services. Most Bureau em posed elimination of these few dollars for the tremendous volume of data needed ployees are at work on tasks directly con small ·business, .after spending millions for establishing the minimum require cerned with the war effort, the others on on other classes of our people. ments of goods for friendly countries that jobs that have an indirect bearing on Furthermore, a number of practical we must provide in order to keep their war problems. guides for the forgotten retailer-guides economies functioning, could be gath If we force a cut, we might expect it to for him to use to make the best out of the ered, analyzed, and kept.up to date. be applied to work that does not happen pittance of trade the war leaves to him I learned that the Bureau had already to carry a war label on the front cover. would be extinguished. The first of this allocated _personnel and supply funds of But let us look inside. Our estimates of series of guides, a simple explanation of a approXimately $720,000 to this single war the national income come from this Bu bookkeeping system for the small retailer, job-a job which absorbed only about 20 reau. They are not as essential as guns is designed not only to help him to keep percent of the former volume of special and butter, but as you all know, they are · a record of his profits and losses but also requests made on the Bureau, yet it was used constantly in mapping our course. to make out the forms which his Govern estimated that the increase in the volume They will be as valuable after the war as ment requires him to fill out, and to fig of this work would consume 40 percent they are now. ure the returns which we compel him to of all the Bureau funds. And just as surely as anything can be, make. This is ready for the press. Now it is proposed to cut the appro if we wipe out this going organization, The investment already made in gath priation for the Bureau of Foreign and staffed with competent, experienced men, ering the materials for this series can be Domestic Commerce about 20 percent of a demand will arise from other Govern put on the shelf to gather dust, but it the $1,400,000 used in Washington.and' ment agencies now using these. figures to seems more sensible to grant the small 20 percent of the $422,000 used in the have this work done. A new organiza funds needed to make them available at field for 31 offices in as many cities. It tion, or organizations, will be created to a small price to the harassed small busi is a proposal to impair a capital invest do this work; a new staff gathered, nessman. I have seen some of the other ment the people have built over a period housed, equipped, and trained. Greater titles in this series. I recall that one of of some 30 years. Why make this cut at funds will be tucked away in other ap the early .volumes promised for this year the very time when· the Bureau is paying propriations than are now ·necessary for is Sources and Uses of Substitute Mate handsome dividends, at the very time carrying on this important work, work rials, a help needed by almost every small when the country can use these dividends specially asked for by Congress in 1935 manufacturer in these times. to the best advantage-in wartime? and maintained since then by that . There are two ways of winning this This proposal comes almost on the Bureau because of its practical value. war. One is the longer way, the harder heels of the announcement that the The Survey of Current Business, the way, the method of making our people Board of Economic Warfare has had al basic source of business statistics, is in . as discouraged and. miserable as possible lotted to the Bureau a million dollars to much demand .right here jn Washington by confusing them, browbeating them, equip its divisions to cooperate effectively now, and will continue to be. It would throwing them out of work, causing their with the Board. This million dollars was probably have to be killed off after 20 small industries, stores, services to fail allotted only after a careful study by the years of aid to Government and business. quickly by far-reaching decrees. The Budget Bureau, the Board of Economic The aid we have given to the Bureau in other is to win this war, as the United Warfare, and the Coordinator of Inter efforts to help little business-do we want States has always won its warg.:_a high American Affairs. It was based upon a to throw that out of the window? Try hearted, ·gallant people making the best pledge of some $720,000 by the Bureau to scrape its roots out pf the various units of trials and tribulations, smiling through that is, a promise that about 40 percent of the· Bureau· and see how much· good dangers and disasters to ·a victorious end, of the Bureau's facilities would be used timber is destroyed: For the Bureau has devoting every needed energy and supply full time on the Board's problems. only a small, small business unit. Cut to the war; but also maintaining as high The agreement was considered by the them off and you eliminate the focal point and steady a stream of supplies for the Viqe President and the Secretary of for all the work being done for small busi men behind the lines, the men making Commerce to be much more sensible ness throughout the Bureau, all to save the sinews of war, the women and chil much cheaper and much inore efficient $30,000. dren who must watcp and wait, as can be than setting up an entirely new outfit. For example, the Bureau has brought produced by hands not essential to direct So the Budget Bureau, the Board of Eco a new approach, a new beginning for aid war work. · nomic Warfare, the Coordinator of In to small business. It has looked at the No one thinks of business as usual any ter-American Affairs, with the approval small towns in which most small busin~s more. Few have thought of helping to of the Vice President and the Secretary is located. It has investigated the possi keep the home fires burning by aiding of Commerce, increased the funds of the· bilities of improving the business volume business to become and remain unusual Bureau by 60 percent, and almost im of the little community on the sound until the end of this war. The Bureau mediately afterward we propose to cut basis of helping the town to help itself. of Foreign and Domestic Commerce has them by 20 percent. The people who . From many experienced sources it has thought of that. It has fully recognized have put up the million dollars are a gathered the information to show how a the stern necessities promulgated and ad little closer to the work of the Bureau town can take stock of itself and its sur ministered by the war agencies and the than we are, naturally, because they are rounding territory. It has developed war-production agencies and has gov using the Bureau's facilities to prosecute general plans for showing townspeople erned itself according to these hard facts. our war effort. It will be well to trust how to make more effective use of their But it has seen the need of helping civil their judgment and not run the risk of town's assets, for liquidating their town's ian activities to function by efficiently upsetting this plan for using the unique liabilities. It is now arranging to test meeting war conditions and begun to act facilities of this Bureau in which we have its plan in 12 towns to see how well it to fill it. been investing good money for so many works, how the plan can be improved. We can, of course, stop all that effort. years. Not until this plan has proved worth We can say to the small business men that It does not seem a bit logical to expect while will it be made available to every there is no use of turning to your De a Bureau serving many vital needs to town. And I suspect that it cannot be partment of Commerce for help in solving endeavor to carry 80 percent of the load made available then until we give the the new problems thrust upon you. We it has been carrying on 55 percent of the Bureau funds to print enough copies for have cut their appropriation so success funds made available; and then cut it all of our villages and little cities. fully that no one is left to answer your so drastically that it will have to try to This carefully planned, sensible at letters or see you if you come down. carry 80 percent of the load on what tempt to help our towns help themselves Our harassed constituents do go to would figure out to be only 35 percent of in the midst of today's turmoil, to keep the Bureau for facts. I saw one small its appropriation. Remember, the load morale high, would have to be abandoned. unit there-a man and six girls who cost itself is still increasing. This plan to aid our people who cannot us $14,000 a year-which answered 34,650 Other agencies are using the Bureau's be absorbed directly into the war effort, requests for information in the 7 months facilities directly in the war effort, in- or who are struggling to find a way to from July 1, 1941, to February 7. 1942. 1285 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 1.6 So pressed for time were they that when There might have been times in the by eliminating many needea Bureau ever a request could be answered by a past when a number of these offices could · f-unctions. But why cut the throat of an P\lblished document of the Bureau the well have been spared, but it happens agency that looked a year ahead? An inquirer's letter was folded up and re that the smaller offices are now in a. po agency which saw that the needs of the turned with the publication. If we limit sition to help many of the little business emerg~ncy might soon become the urgent the Bureau to direct serv!"ce to the war men who are suffering the worst in this necessities of war. Why give a pioneer agencies, we neglect the public. c If we transition period-old business gone and in preparation for war a kick for setting cut the appropriation, it is quite certain no new business in sight. its house in order? Why tear apart an that these requests from someone's con In getting started on the work for agency which mobilized its slim resources, stituents-about 60,000 of them a year little business, approved by our commit converted its facilities, and offered its will have to go unanswered. Then there tee, the Bureau-has been counting heavily serv:ces wherever they could be· used for would be a total of about 45,000 requests on these smaller field offices. How else defense or for war? a year from Government agencies and • could it work for the little man in his This. war will. we won in and. ·by the visitors for routine reports and publica- ~ home -town? . He cannot afford trips to . minds of men. The minds that .plan the . tions that probably could not be handled. ' ·Washington. Rating -the offices by. the, ~ production Jines; the. minds that make Most of these today concern war work of ~ population - o~ Jthe cities in which_ they possible the operation of plants for war some nature. Into the same limbo would are located, these are the-ones that will . production. In the factories and on the have· to go most of the 50 requests per · have to be considered for elimination, battlefields, th~ mipds that give orders month, on the average, made by those smallest cities first: because they know what to do and. the Members of Congress who, when they Charleston, S. C.; Savannah, Ga.;· min_ds of-those who do what they are told want unbiased facts about business at -Wilmington, Del.; San Juan, P.R.; Jack is·necessary to be done. If this blind cut home or trade abroad, rely· on the Bureau sonville, Fla.; Birmingham, Ala.; Mem- of .20 percent goes through, we will re to get them. ·phis, Tenn.; Portland, Oreg.; Denver, move approximately $368,000 from the Or we might force the Bureau to stop Colo.; Seattle, Wash.; Houston, Tex.; appropriation. of the Bureau of Foreign accumulating the facts needed to bridge Indianapolis, Ind.; Cincinnati, Ohio; and Domestic Commerce. We are likely the gap from defense through war into New Orleans, ·La.; Buffalo, N.Y. to do immeasurable damage to the suppJy peace. The country is going ' through a We could cut down these field offices. of essential information for those who gigantic upheaval. Only a soundly de When called upon to complete defense must decide what has to be done. signed peace will save us from chaos. survey jobs which had bogged down, they We will be telling business, from whom Facts are the essential building mate merely turned in one of the most amazing we expect prodigies of production, ac rials for those. who must construct the -records of efficiency in Government se:rv ceptance of withering taxation, destruc peace. Those facts must be gatnere.d ice. Wf; can ignore that record; tion of the fruits of life-long effort, con now and stored for future use. Should ' There were · 2,305 warehouses which fiscation of capital by decree of necessity. we prevent the Bureau from accumulat..; had failed to send in a questionnaire We will be telling those men who must ing such facts for us? containing information needed by a de bear the mental burden of producing for The more you study the operations of fense agency. The names were given to war and keeping the home economy go this unique Bureau, as those operations the field service of the Department of ing, that the Congress thought so little of have been converted to production for Commerce, which is operated through their sacrifices that they refused to ap . war, the more you see how every unit the Bureau, with an allocation of $13,500 propriate $360,000 so that business could and individual in it is already geared for to finish the job. Did the field service get factual information to help them the war effort, how today this unit may use all of that money? No. Did it use through this strenuous time, because such have time to bring up to date its records of half of the funds received from the de-, information was not considered a direct some phase of our national economy, -fense agency? No. war effort. while the unit next to it is working at It completed the job to a point where Here is an agency of Government that top speed to get out a war-needed report less than 10, that is less than one-half. of has of its ·own apcord increased its pro on its especial country, commodity, or 1 percent of the questionnaires, were ductive efforts and converted most of . industry. By tomorrow or the day after missing. Then the defense agency de them to direct service to ·war agencies. the p:>sition of these units might be re cided it did not need the information on: Its other work is closely concerned with versed. The. first will be concentrat-ing the last 10 warehouses and called for its helping business find a footing on the its newly refreshed files into a report bill. The bill submitted by the Bureau paths of war. So we say to those who that must be ready in the shortest pos- · to cover its costs totaled $530. Thus the. have toiled to make such a distinguished sible time, while the second is finding Bureau saved $12,970 on a job that was , contribution to effective government, time to answer a request from small expected to cost $13,500. And we plan to "We will reward yot& by making it 20 per business-a request that was laid aside reward such service lJy reducing such an cent harder for you to be as effective as when a war board called for help in efficient staff. you now are." making a quick decision. Another bogged-down defense survey, I, for one, do not intend to be classed How to decide which of this organiza that of scarce materials, was handed over with those who would thus tear down tion's war services should be eliminated to the field service. There were 22,596 what we should develop. It would be by cutting its appropriation is almost hu delinquents on this list. An emergency much better, I believe, to give such an manly impossible. We have to rely on agency estimated that it would . cost outfit a doubled appropriation and tell the management of such a bureau to set $20,000 to complete this survey satisfac them to expend that in the public service the tasks for its personnel. We find torily. ·The field s·ervice again showed a as efficiently and as economically as they here a management which has practiced -wide margin of performance. The sur have been using the small amount al- economy; used foresight, and delivered vey was halted when 99.2 percent com lotted them. · the goods. So we hasten to make its pleted, at a cost of $3,471.78-a saving of Gentlemen, it is in our power to make efforts less effective at a .time 'when we $16,528.22, on: a $20,000 budget. this foolish cut. If we do, I am con need more, not less, such procedure in Moreover, a check of services given by vinced from our experience with new and government. the field offices to inquiring businessmen hastily formed agencies, that many of the Then it is proposed to cut $35,000 out in a 3-month period in 1941 showed an services which we force the Bureau to of the field appropriation of $422,000, increase of 36 percent in such services eliminate, will soon spring forth in one although the Board of Economic War over the same 3 months of 1940-a 'jump or more other places. We will save a fare has just made these offices its own from 41,256 such requests to 57,390. dollar here to find that we are causing and allotted $140,000 to strengthen this Again the BureaU: demonstrated that it several dollars to· be spent elsewhere. service for the tasks it is imposing. To · had successfully increased its ability to I yield to the gentleman from New spread this cut over the entire field- serve without greatly adding to its cost Jersey. 31 offices-would weaken them all at a of service. Mr. CANFIELD. With reference to critical moment. It is my guess that We can cut out these offices and de . the Burf;au of Foreign and Domestic some of the offices in the smaller cities prive our constituents of these services. Commerce, I note the report of the com· will be closed up. We can hinder the prosecution of the war mit tee states this: 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1287 It would be the desire of the committee · you can tell it from looking at the hear We had a great deal of testimony off that the activities of the small-business unit ings on this bill alone, 330 pages of testi the record that was very important, and established last year be continued if it is mony-and this is l;mt 1 of 11 subcom that would have been out of place possible to do so within the limits o:t the mittees of the Committee on Appropria put in the record, testimony by some reduced appropriation. tions that conduct hearings-that the very important heads of bureaus dow.r;t Will the gentleman tell us something committees put in long and tedious hours, town. Mr. Chairman I want to conclude about the work of that committee? days, and weeks of cross-examining wit by saying that our clerk, Mr. Jack McFall, Mr. STEFAN. Yes. I agree with the nesses from the various governmental who is leaving us to join the naval serv committee to the fullest extent. Al departments. ice of our country has been of great val though we were going to make some re Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman.. will the ue and service to this committee. We ductions in the field of forejgn and do gentleman yield? wish him Godspeed and good luck. Mr. mestic commerce where it has to do with Mr. HOUSTO+'J. I yield to the gentle Chairman, I shall direct my remarks some of the field offices, we did not want man from Michigan. now to the price of crude oil. to do anything which would in any way Mr. RABAUT. For the first time, this Mr. DITTER. Mr. Chairman, will the handicap them in aiding small business, committee this year kept a record of the gentleman yield? which is being forced .to close down be .. attendance of the members at the sub Mr. HOUSTON. I yield to the gentle cause of the war effort. This organiza committee hearings. I can assure the · man from Pennsylvania. tion has started a program whereby it Members that the gentleman from Kan Mr. DITTER. I am very much inter will in many respects aid these small sas had the highest rate of attendance at ested in the gentleman's statement. I businesses. I believe it is a .very impor the hearings, but many other members think he is on sound ground. Who is tant function, and while some of it will of the committee were present at .the responsible for this damming up of continue and while the committee put almost constant sessions of the commit prices that the gentleman presently into the report that it was sympathetic tee, including Saturdays. laments? I thii1k the gentleman is giv to keeping this going, I am fearful that . Mr. HOUSTON. I thank the gentle ing the House a very informative state the cut is too drastic and will affect the man. In view of the fact that we have ment, and I am wondering whether he operation of this Bureau. . nearly 400 Members on the floor at this could lay his hands on either the indi [Here the gavel fell.J time, I wish to pay tribute to our dis vidual or the agency that is responsible Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yield tinguished chairman for the magnani for this damming up which he looks upon 20 minutes. to my colleague the gentle mous manner in which he conducted the as a disastrous program. man from Kansas [Mr. HousToN]. hearings of this subcommittee. Mr. HOUSTON. I have appealed in Mr. HOUSTON. Mr. Chairman, in re Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Chairman, will person and by letter myself, and I speak gard to the statement made here a min the gentleman yield? for myself only, to the Price Adminis ute ago by the distinguished gentleman Mr. HOUSTON. I yield to the gentle trator, Mr. Henderson, and I have had from Georgia [Mr. PETERSON] with re man from California. no results up to this moment. spect to pensions for Congressmen, may Mr. SHEPPARD. Is the gentleman's Mr. DITTER. Would the oil czar have I say that anyone in this House familiar last statement predicated on the same· a part in that, too? with the procedure of the Hause, the proc premise as his statement that his State Mr. HOUSTON. I think the Coordi esses of working here, the way things are is the airplane-producing State of the nator would have something to say about .handled in committee, knows that the United States or the world? it. He at least can make the recommen Committee on Appropriations, of all com Mr. HOUSTON. I am a little hard of dation to the Price Administrator. That mittees, is almost constantly in session. hearing. Will the gentleman speak a would be my conclusion. On January 3, 1941, our beloved former little louder? [Laughter.] Mr. DITTER. So would the gentle chairman of the Committee on Appro I do say this for our chairman, Mr. man say that if there were to be censure priations, Representative Taylor o{ Colo RABAUT, that he is a delightful and con laid, the censure might be laid at the door rado, came before the House and asked genial chairman to work with and he 's of the Secretary of the Interior, as well - and received permission that the Com possessed of one of the finest ana~ytical as the Price Administrator? mittee on Appropriations have the right minds in the Congress. Never at any Mr. HOUSTON. Speaking for myself, to sit while Congress was in session, and time did he refuse the right to any Mem I would say both of them. this particular. committee, the Subcom ber to interrogate or cross examine any witness, at any length, during the hear Miss SUMNER of Illinois. Mr. Chair mittee on Appropriations for the Depart man, will the gentleman yield? ments of State, Justice, Commerce, and ings. We had some 300 or 400 witnesses the Judiciary, was in session when the so at various times all through the hearings Mr. HOUSTON. I yield to the gentle called civil-service bill, including pensions on this bill. woman from Illinois. for Congressmen, was on the floor. · I pay tribute also to the minority mem Miss SUMNER of Tilinois. I have had We knew that bill was coming up. We bers of this committee for the genial a complaint from my district-and there had been so advised. We are not trying manner in which they cooperated with are a number of oil wells in my district to alibi by .saying that we did not know us. When we concluded hearings and that there is a ruling that is causing the it was coming up. We did know it was got ready to mark up the bill, we had to oil wells to be closed-a rule to the effect coming up, and we were informed there give and take, of course. . Some of the that there can be only one well on a 40- would be some opposition to it, that there members on the majority as well as on acre tract. Is that complaint weU probably would be a roll call. We were the minority wanted to cut ~orne of the founded? anticipating a roll call when, along about nondefense items, and some of them were Mr. HOUSTON. The complaint is 2 o'clock, as I recall, or 2:30, we heard cut, but on the whole when we got very well-founded, I think. That is true. four bells, indicating that the House had through we did give and take, and we [Here the gavel fell.] adjourned. We heard nothing more brought cut what I think is one of the Mr. KERR. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 about it until later in the evening, when best if not the best appropriation bill re additional minutes to the gentleman from we-the committee-adjourned, as we ported during this session of Congress. Kansas. usually do, about 5 or 5:30, at which time As was pointed out a few moments ago, Miss SUMNER of Tilinois. Does that we were informed that the bill had passed we saved approximately $2,000,000 under apply all over? without any opposition, that nobody in the Budget, and this saving would have Mr. HOUSTON. Yes; it applies all the House had made any objection. For been reflected in the total amount had it restoring confidence in the Congress by not been for one item, the student pilot over the United States. It is a rule the people of this country, I think the training course, with which we were all adopted by the Price Administrator. provision creating pensions for Congress in accord. Further, this bill is $150,000,- Miss SUMNER of Illinois. I may say men should be repealed. 000 less than the same bill a year ago. to the gentleman that I know he is very Anybody knowing the workings of the So I think we have done a remarkable well informed on the subject, and I ap Committee on Appropriations knows, and job in handling this bill. preciate his stand. 1288 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 16 Mr. HOUSTON. I do not appreciate Mr. HOFFMAN. Both barrels? What Mr. WILLIAM T. PHEIFFER. The the stand which the Price Administrator do they mean, one for the House and gentleman, I feel, has misconstrued the is taking. ' one for the Senate on this pension legis motive of my remarks. I am not Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Chairman, will lation? ridiculing. What the gentleman has the gentl€man yield? . Mr. WILLIAM T. PHEIFFER. I will said is correct provided we proceed oil Mr. HOUSTON. I yield to. the gentle say to my colleague it means that the the premise that the patriotism of the man from California. taxpayers of this country are being given American people needs needling. If we Mr. SHEPPARD. Was there not also both barrels. have to falsely stimulate the patriotism included in the order issued out of the Mr. ' HOFFMAN. And everyone else and love of country of the people of the Department of the Interior by Mr. Davis, who is not in public office. United States, then indeed we have fallen . who is our oil coordinator, that you could Mr. WILLIAM T. PHEIFFER. I agree to a low level . not drill on any 40 acres immediately with the gentleman 100 percent, so far as [Here the gavel fell.] adjacent to other property of an oil that is concerned. Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, I yield producing character unless you had the · This might be all right in a munitions to the gentleman from New York 1 ad consent of the adjacent property owner? plant. It might spur the boys on to in- . ditional minute. Mr. HOUSTON. Yes, that is true, and -creased production, but I submit to you . Mr ..WILLIAM T. PHEIFFER. I have I would like to go into the offset proposi that we are not going to win the war asJted for this additional minute just to . tion, but I will not have the time to do · by putting out these gaudy posters. draw a comparison as to what the cost_ that. There is a great deal of the Spartan spirit .. of this contraption amounts to. I . cail Mr. SHEP;PARD. It would be very in in the people of the United States. But ' the whole thing acontraption. I do not teresting if the gentleman could do that. we will quench that spirit, instead of know of any good it is doing the Mem Mr. HOUSTON. Among the sad and · fanning it into a bright flame, if we do bers a.f Congress or our constituents. We tragic words which men will write in his not abandon all thi[) ballyhoo and bupkle are all out to win this war. We have our tories and engrave on monuments after · down to the· grim job of winning the war. hearts and souls and spirits fixed on it. · the present confiict has passed into his The finest morale builder ·we could de However, I judge that .the. cost of this tory are these words spoken by a inaster vise·would be an announcement from the total assembly, tpe carton, the poster, of language: "Too little and too late." · defense agencies ahd from every other and the form letter that went with it, is May those who are attempting arti · administrative body of our Government -not less than 50 cents. The Chief. of ficially to control the destinies of the th,at the information services and the Ordnance of the Army advised me today petroleum industry take care that these publicity bureaus of these agencies and that the cost of manufacturing a 50- words are not spoken of ·them. should bodies ·are being terminated ·as of to caliber armor-piercing machine gun tragedy result from their unconscious, morrow. and that the millions of dollars round-by that I mean the cartridge, the unintentional, and thoughtless obstruc allocated for publicity are being diverted bullet and powder and all--:-is 26 cents. tion of a great industry, willing and anx into the channels of war production. In other words, for the cost of getting ious to do its part for national victory. · Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, will out each copy of this beautiful publicity Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, I yield the gentleman yield? piece we could have just auout bought 5 minutes to the gentleman .from New Mr. WILLIAM T. PHEIFFER. I yield. · two armor-piercing 50-caliber machine York [Mr. WILLIAM T. PHEIFFER]. Mr. HOFFMAN. That comes from gun rounds. The question is, Which do Mr. WILLIAM T. PHEIFFER. Mr. what agency, please? we need more, works of art or machine Chairman, my rem~rks this afternoon are Mr. WILLIAM T. PHEIFFER. The gun rounds? Let not the historians sary not, strictly speaking, germane to the Office for Emergency Management. · . that we made the wrong answer to this bill under consideration and,. therefore, Mr. HOFFMAN. And it says "Give question. · still strictly speaking, I am proceeding them both barrels"? [Here the gavel fell.) out of order. However, I do not believe Mr. WILLIAM T. PHEIFFER. That is Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, I yield it is ever out of order when we are con true. sidering an appropriation bill to call to 20 minutes to the gentleman from Ohio the attention of the Congress and to the Mr. HOFFMAN. They mean pork bar [Mr. JONES]. attention of the country extravagant and rels; that is what they mean. Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, this aft inane expenditures by a Government Mr. WILLIAM T. PHEIFFER. I will ernoon I want to report to the House that agency with the hope, futile as it may bs, leave the gentleman to his own construc the members of this committee have dis that eventually there may bs a salutary tion on that, but the fact remains we are agreed on many items, but have never effect on those of our bureaus and agen trying to win a war, and it is a grim war, gotten to the point where they have be- cies who are so freely and recklessly and we are not going to win it in this . come disagreeable. We have worked hard spending the people's hard-earned money manner. · and diligently. The chairman and all of for nonessentials. Miss SUMNER of lllinois. I would my colleagues have been very kind and During the past week end each Mem suggest that they think the taxpayers considerate in granting time for the ques ber of the Congress received this very will have to go home in a barrel. tions that seemed pertinent. substantial, tubular, cardboard carton. Mr. WILLIAM T. PHEIFFER. The I will not cover the items that have It weighs several ounces. It is so solidly gentlewoman from Illinois has made a been spoken of heretofore or make a full constructed that it is not an exaggera very cogent and apt suggestion. analysis of the bill. Tomorrow I will talk tion to say you might safely send the Mr. HOOK. Mr. Chairman, will the about other items as the bill is read. I ·original of the Magna Carta or the Dec gentleman yield? · will pick out some of the items in the laration of Independence from here to Mr. WILLIAM T. PHEIFFER. I yield nondefense expenditures which stand out. the North Pole in this carton. What did to the gentleman from Michigan. One of them 1s the amount of Federal we find in this solid;y built carton? We Mr. HOOK. I was very much im- judge pension:::. It costs a little over found a highly colored and embellished . pressed when I saw the poster which $500,000 this year. It would indeed be a poster from the Division of Information the gentleman has before him. If I am very fine morale builder for the general of the Office for Emergency Management, correct, is it not representative of the public to have the judges themselves offer saying, "Give 'em ·both barrels." Also first-line men handling · a machine gun to waive their pensions during the emer . enclosed wa[) a le.tter. giving the para in the first lines and of those back home gency. I think that would be one of the doxical and ironical information that the . in indlJ,Stry and labor handling the air finest things that could happen and would size of the· poster was reduced because of hammer? Is not a poster of that kind do more good than all the posters and all the. paper shortage. · Verily it was a case just about what we need-showing we the paper that the ink is being spilled on · of the mountain laboring and bringing need the air hammer and the labor and to build up morale. A little sacrifice on · forth a mouse. · the people back home on one barrel and the part of those who have been a little Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, will the machine guns in the first-line trench- more fortunate,' who have had a little the gentleman yield?· -es· on the other? If we do not have both, better share of the Government's money Mr. WILLIAM T. PHEIFFER. I will . we lose the war. Why should we 'criti . during the past years; would' be a great be glad to yield to the gentleman. cize and ridicule a poster of ·that kind? morale builder. · 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1289 Mr. SHEPPARD. Will the gentleman the safety measures on the ships. Now, · I am sure that the small business man yield? since the Maritime Commission is doing Is in dire distress and that the regional Mr. JONES. I yield. all of the building, we have one set of offices of the Bureau of Foreign and Do Mr. SHEPPARD. While the gentle Government agents in the Maritime mestic Commerce are unable to help him. Commission inspecting the ships and this man is advocating a very laudable pur THE CULTURAL RELATIONS PROGR.!\M pose, he does not have even a faint idea Marine Inspection Unit doing practically that that will be effected, does he? In the same kind of inspection. Yes; it may The cultural relations program is an other words, the gentleman does not be argued that they do a different line of other item I want to point out. Last really anticipate that much benevolence work, but it seems to me in the interest year we sharpened our pencils and cut of economy, in the interest of Pearl Har this item down to a little over $800,000 in their make-up, does he? and thought we did a good job. We spent Mr. JONES. I should be happy if they bor and the war effort, certainly we can broaden out the field of safety and get hours working on the testimony and the would do it. I do not know what they justifications of the State Department will do, but I shall be very pleased and ting our money's worth so that one set of inspectors can cover both phases of the cultural relations program. Lo and be gratified if there would be a movement hold, this year we found when we ques of that kind on foot. work to deliver seaworthy ships. Read the Commerce Department hear tioned Mr. Rockefeller that we were just Mr. CELLER. Mr. Chairman, will the dealing with chicken feed, that Mr. gentleman yield? ings at page 187 and the following, and I believe you will be convinced that Rockefeller's outfit instead of having Mr. JONES. I yield. the testimony given by Commander Field $800,000 to play with had $15,000,000 in Mr. CELLER. Why does the gentle is not a justification for this duplication money and $3,000,000 in contract -author man single out the judiciary? Are there of effort. The instructions given by the izations. It seems to me a shame to go not many others who receive pensions be Maritime Commission and the Bureau of through the sham of holding hearings on sides the judiciary, and should they not Marine Inspection may well divide the a cultural relations program only to find make their contribution to the Nation field of work by each Bureau in order to a year later that those items we turned as well? keep both sets of men on the job without down as unwise are being carried out Mr. JONES. I am addressing the judi interfering with each other, but it does with a vengeance by Mr. Rockefeller in ciary because the appropriation for it not answer the question whether one another program over which we had no comes in this bill. Whenever a bill comes man could be trained to do both jobs. I control. Mr. Rockefeller got his start from the gentleman's committee or some do not think the work of these Depart from the President's emergency fund and other committee in the House, that will ments by any stretch of the imagination then from Congress. I have heard from be their affair. But I would like to see is of such a technical nature that it re several people who have been in South a start made here, because this particular quires men of different qualifications. America and viewed the efforts of Mr. branch makes no contribution whatever Their work is related and they could Rockefeller's program and of the cultural to their pension system. easily be trained to cover both jobs. We relations program. These people have There are a few items of duplication must not, in this hour of peril, conserve reported that some of the things that Mr. which stood out in the hearings to which bureaus purely for the sakE:' of saving Rockefeller has done, particularly his art I would like to call attention. The first Federal jobs. The conditions have now and movie career visitors to South is the national defense unit in the At changed; the Government is now the America, without a doubt could not have · torney General's office, which to me is sole buyer, and one inspector ought to received the approval of Congress. They about as useless as a fifth wheel on a be able to do the entire job. In fairness are done, the money is spent, and from wagon. This organization is not a small to both Bureaus, however, both are doing them no friendship is gained in South one by any means. It is the old neu work in accordance with the basic law America. . trality unit in the Department of Justice. establishing their respective Depart The committee has gone over this bill When we went into war they immediately ments, and is just one of those legal with care, has increased many items and became the National Defense Unit. I do tangles that was not foreseen when the held many in check, but we cannot claim not think they made a very good justifi Maritime Commission was established, that this is the amount of money that cation in the House for their existence. and there has not been enough interest will be spent for the cultural relations They claimed, among other things, one in either Department to cHll attention to program, because a particular agency excuse for existence, that they had to this waste of public funds. wanting to go to South America, who keep a record of the aliens who were may have been turned down or curtailed registered and who were dangerous. BUREAU OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE by the amount of funds in this appropri They claimed that through their efforts Some mention has been made of a cut ation bill, has only to go to Mr. Rocke a vast number of aliens were appre in this item. I think it was entirely jus feller and dig into his well of seemingly hended immediately by the'F. B. I. Then tified, because, if I recall correctly, Mr. never-ending funds provided both by Mr. Hoover came before our committee Wilson in that branch of the service said Congress and the President's emergency and said those alien enemies were ar that many new Federal agencies are tak fund. Mr. Rockefeller may have pipe rested 24 hours before they had received ing over the work of old-established agen dreams in the coming year. Congress warrants from this National Defense cies. New agencies are mushrooming need not worry about the matter, because Unit. fast. When they are organized they have Mr. Rockefeller can get all the funds he It may be important when we are not a complete set-up of everything that wants without asking us for a dime. deficit financing to let some theoretical might be done by · that agency. Natu Miss SUMNER of Illinois. Mr. Chair intellectual group classify all of the alien rally they tread upon the work of the old, man, will the gentleman yield? enemies into A-1, A-2, B-1, B- 2, and so established agencies. Mr. JONES. I yield. on, but right now I think the record of The case. made for continuing the re Miss SUMNER of Tilinois. Does the J. Edgar Hoover will show that he has gional offices of the Bureau of Foreign gentleman from Ohio know how much it resolved all doubt in favor of the United and Domestic Commerce, it seems to me, cost to send Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., on States, and he does not need any supple is entirely unsatisfactory. My observa his trip to South America? menting and duplicating agency to re tion is that if the regional offices are set Mr. JONES. I understand Fairbanks' classify his criminal records. up for the benefit of the small business junket to South America cost the Gcv There is another item which stands out men, surely the record in the past year ernment within a very few dollars as and which seems to me to show duplica and a half, so far as the welfare of the much as it did to send the congressional tion of effort and duplication of money small business man is concerned, shows committee of five and a clerk-six per spent for only one service-the Depart that the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic sons in all-to South America on their ment of Marine Inspection, who have an Commerce has the paralysis of analysis. extensive, learned, and very helpful tour item in this bill. When ships were built The truth is that the parade of Govern for the benefit of Congress. by a private enterprise it was necessary ment spending agencies, the War Pro Miss SUMNER of Illinois. One further for inspectors for the private builder to duction Board, the Office of Price Ad question, if the gentleman will permit. _see that he got his money's worth for the ministration, has trampled this long Mr. JONES. Certainly. money spent for a ship. Then this unit range policy agency under foot. This is Miss SUMNER of Dlinois. The reason of marine inspection quite logically cared no time to be sentimental about grave I ask that question is because John for the public interest by passing upon yard agencies. Gunther in his book, Insid8 South Amer- 1290 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 16 ica, states that the South Americans reo: this program In American schools. As that to be controlled by the Department sent the sending of actors down there as I recall that is all that was asked for, but of Justice as it was during the last World cultural agents from the United States; here is Mr. Rockefeller working in direct War? that they prefer that such agents be contradiction to the action of your com · Mr. JONES. There was no 'repre people of intellectual distinction. mittee. sentation made to our committee on that -Mr. JONES. I thank the gentlewoman These are just a few of the outstanding subject. from Illinois for her contribution. samples of the inconsistencies of the . Miss SUMNER of Illinois. No. There is a further matter with refer arbitrary divisi0n and duplication of ef , Mr, WILLIAM T. PHEIFFER. . Will ence to Rockefeller and the State Depart fort and the outright :flaunting of the will the gentleman yield? ment program that needs mentioning. of Congress by big race-horse money-, Mr. JONES. I would rather continue. They now denominate the Rockefeller while your committee attempts to > hvld · Mr. WILLIAM T. PHEIFFER. I want program as the emergency program. The careful hearings anc~ appropriate frugally ed to malte this observation because I State Department program in this bill is for this program. had occasion today to check into that the long-term cultural-relations program; It seems to me the whole set-up should phase of the matter: No general policy but I find in many, many instances that pe under one central head. The way it has yet been annoq.nced, and no custo funds are transferred from Mr. Rocke works out the State Department and Mr. dian has as yet been appointed, but for feller's program to other agencies of the Rockefeller gp to the Budget Bureau and the time being it is administered by the Government under categories which are make their justifications before two·sepa Department of Justice. synonymous with the cultural-relations rate Budget examiners who apparently . Mr. JONES. - ·The amendment that program. It would be impossible to dis work · independently of each other; gave the F. B. I. the green light and the tinguish between the two on the· basis of Neither appeared to know what the other money to investigate subversive groups the arbitrary division described to our examiner was doing. This is unbusiness on .the pay roll became available on July committee, that is, emergency versus long like, unsound, and confusing. 1. It was not until October that the in range. There is too much of this going on in vestigation really got under way because Let us look :;~.t page 481 et seq. of the ·our war program, too much duplication _of the -then Attorney General's policy. hearings, $422,188.95 are the transfers of effort, too much waste of time; and The then Attorney General held, in ef from Mr. Rockefeller's organization to there is every encouragement to do the fect, that the F. B. I. could not investi other departments, agencies, arid inde .very things that Congress in its wisdom gate the employees of any department, pendent establishments of the Govern has seen fit to discontinue. the head of which determined he did not ment. Bear in mind that Mr. Rockefel _ Last year I offered the following want the investigation. It seems to me ler's agency is supposed to be emergency. amendment to the 1942 supply bill for .that was just a 1ittle bit short of tragic, Let us look at the first item on page 481 the Department of Justice, on the :floor in view of the fact that we have been under Library of Congress~ There was of the House: approaching, step by step, for some transferred $7,200 to the Library of Con Of which $100,000 shall be available ex months the emergency we find ourselves gress for the following purpose: clusively to investigate the employees of in now. Bibliography of Latin-American Bibliog every department, agency, and independent ' It seems to me an empty honor to say raphies, $1,500. establishment of the ·Federal Government. that we have arrested so many enemy Of what value to an emergency would who are members of subversive organizations aliens, yet overlook for 2 years those who or advocate the overthrow of the Federal are on the Federal pay roll. I cannot see that be? . It sounds like cultural rela Government, and report its findings to any division in the enemy angle that tions to me, if anything. Congress. . , The next item-"Exchange of Folklor would distinguish the danger that comes istic Material-$1,200." Does that sound . This amendment was adopted, as I ·from one on the Federal pay roll and one like emergency to you? recall, with only one dissenting vote. ·off the pay roll. . "Spanish Translation of United States This year I offered the following The committee this morning adopted History." Do you think the South Amer amendment in the full committee and it an amendment to·continue this investi icans can soak up enough of that for the ·was adopted: . gation, and I think it is very timely and present .emergency? There it is, $4,500. Of which $200,00Q shall be available im ·very worthy of continuance. For in if It seems to me every one of these items mediately to investigate the employees of , stance, you will refer to page 126 of should be in the cultural relations pro every department, agency, and independent the hearings, you will see the results of gram, and yet these amounts were grant establishment of the Federal Government the investigation so far. Determined no ed by Mr. Rockefeller to the Library of who are members of subversi:ve organizations longer to be Government employees, 387. Congress, without consulting your com or advocate the overthrow of the Federal Just think of the value of starting this Government by force, and report its findings -investigation. These 387 people, who ap mittee who has charge of the long-range forthwith to Congress. cultural-relations program. parently saw the beat coming and were Let us turn to another item. In the Let me give you the reason for this afraid of the F. B. I., walked away from Interior Department, Office of Indian amendment: You remember the Dies their jobs and gave up. The F. B. I. Affairs, United States Section of the In committee published a list of Federal sent reports on 189 to their employing ter-American Indian Institute, to the tune employees in October of 1939 whom' they agencies. The Departments told the of $32,400. Mr. Rockefeller puts the charged with being subversive. That .F. B. I. that no action was deemed war Inter-American Indian Institute in the was the first list published, and it put ranted by them in 69 cases. Think of emergency program. It sounds like cul the country on its guard against the fifth it; the F. B. I. reported 69 bad ones to tural relations to me, if anything. column on the Government pay roll. the employing agencies. Here is another interesting item on - They are still on the pay roll. The origi In 69 cases no action has been taken page 483. Office of Emergency Manage nal list embraced a little over 500 people. by the department heads. Only 11 have ment, Office of Civilian Defense, for the _The department heads insisted that the been discharged. There is yet to be in entertainment of persons from Latin Dies list was not authentic, was not care vestigated on the D~es list 686. I will put America, $1,000. fully enough compiled, that it was value the table of the results of the investiga Now, the next item is doubly interest less and could not be .used as a basis to tion into the RECORD. ing because your committee last year turn men off the Federal pay roll. This The po-int I make is that we -dare not spent considerable time going into it, but went on for a year and a half. So in discontinue this investigation, we dare · here is Mr. Rockefeller transferring July of last year· this $100,000 became not stop seeking out the enemy who is : $72,940 to the Office of Education "to pro available to the F. B. I. for the investiga- drawing his butter and bread from the vide teaching aids and educational mate- . tion of these subversive groups. toil and sweat. of the American people , rial and the conduct of teacher-training Mr. CANFIELD. Will the gentleman who believe in the American way of life. · courses for the improvement of teaching yield? There are cases yet to be investigated, in the United States concerning the other Mr. JONES. I yield to the gentleman 2,428, so that there is a sizable job yet Americas." · from New Jersey. to be done. The amendment adopted bY Last year we gave the Office of Edu · · Mr'. CANFIELD. · The gentleman has the committee this morning will hurry cation after much study and corisidera discussed aliens. Can he tell . us so-me thi.s job up. - The money-will be imme . tion one or more employees to coo-rdinate thing about alien-property control? Is diately available. 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1291 The amendment further provides that the penalty: Some 8 or 10 years ago, by Up until now the outstanding program the F. B. I. shall make a report forth- reason of our isolationist policy, the busi has been the exchange of teachers, pro with, and I think that is very important. ness interests of the pan-American re-· fessors, and graduate students from the To date there has been no report to the publics reached the conclusion that our various South American republics with Congress of the result of the investiga- Republic was not living up to the spirit the United States. As I understand, to tion. As weeks pass, we bring in th~ sup- of the Monroe Doctrine; in other words, day we send between 15 and 20 students ply bills that pay the salaries of these sub- our trade relations with those countries or professors to study and teach in the versive as well as the patriotic employees. were not in keeping with the idea we colleges and universities of 15 or more of As these supply bills are passed, the Con- would have them believe is found in the these republics. They send a correspond gress has been unable to take specific ac- proclamation. They were unable to ing number to the United States to study tion against specific people whom the trade with us to the extent they thought in our colleges and universities. The F. B. I. has determined to be dangerous. they should be able to do under the policy thought is that by the exchange of teach If the bill is passed by the House and intended when the Monroe Doctrine was ers and students, those coming from the signed by the President, the names will proclaimed. The result was they effected pan-American republics and going back be given to the Congress forthwith, and trade relations with other countries. after 1 year will be better able to dis we can immediately strike them off the It is sufficient to say they effected trade seminate among their people and their pay roll by positive legislation as the fu- relations with Japan and Germany, both business interests the American way of ture supply bills come before the House. of which have lost no opportunity to living, the American philosophy of life, I hope the Congress will accept the emphasize the point that the only pur the American system of government, and committee amendment and pass 'it so that pose of the Monroe Doctrine was to ex be able to interpret the sincerity of the these names may be taken from our pay ploit these republics by the United States. American people and their adherence to roll. The tragedy is some of them believed it. the Monroe Doctrine. Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yield A few years ago the business interests The other thought is that our teachers 10 minutes to the gentleman from South of our country not only realized that we and our students will return to the United Carolina [Mr. HARE]. had lost our trade in the Pan-American States better prepared to give to the busi Mr. HARE. Mr. Chairman, it would republics, but our State Department was ness interests of our country the oppor be impossible for any one man to attempt seeing more and more, year after year, tunities for increased business in these to disc1.,1ss or even reier to the many that we were not maintaining the good republics. items considered in this bill providing feeling that previously existed. So in The idea seems to be an excellent one, appropriations for the three executive ! 1936 a convention was called at Buenos but my thought is, without appearing to departments named and the judiciary. Aires with the idea and purpose of effect be critical, the program is not large There are some few controversial mat- ing better and larger social and business enough or sufficiently comprehensive. I ters, but not a great many. Like other relations with these republics, not alto made some criticism of it in the commit members of the committee, there are gether out of a spirit of altruism or un tee by making a suggestion. Under the some few of the appropriation items I selfishness, but that we might be able to present program we are receiving grad think are too large. Then there are maintain a relationship so that in case of uate students, young men and young some few that probably could have been an emergency such as has recently arisen women who have already completed their increased. In view of the increased we would be in position to cooperate college courses. They are going to the activities in connection with our war with the people of these republics and largest universities in our country, where contracts and organized efforts to depress they would be in a frame of mind to co they do not have an opportunity, prob prices of farm products, it is my opinion operate with us. ably, to get into the real spirit of the we should have allowed the Antitrust I think it is no secret, because we all American life. My thought is that this Division of the Department of Justice the know that if one or two of these strategic program should be changed so as to en amount of $2,000,000, as provided by the republics in South America had seen fit courage our smaller colleges and univer Bureau of the Budget, instead of decreas- this past year or should see fit now to sities, to offer some inducements to young ing it $200,000. join with Japan or with the Axis Powers, men and young women in their first years .Mr. Chairman, I want to first direct it would prove to be a very grave situa of college work where they will have bet my remarks for a few minutes to a tion and might affect the safety and se ter opportunities to observe the real policy which we have recently established curity of our own Republic. American life, where they will have bet with the Central and South American Four or five years ago, following the ter opportunities to obtain the real phi republics known as our cultural rela- convention referred to, this country with losophy of our life, then can go back to tions policy, and in order to do this logi- -the sympathetic leadership of the pan their respective republics and to their cally I think it advisable to give a little American republics decided that we homes and will be better qualified to attention to the historical background should inaugurate a policy through which demonstrate to their neighbors and the preceding the inauguration of this policy. the political, business, and social inter- business interests the real American life ! am sure you will recall that in his ests of these republics and ours could be because they have really absorbed it. inaugural address President Monroe pro- brought closer together so there may be I suggested to representatives of the claimed what became known as the Mon- greater cooperation, and all may be of State Department the advisability of con roe Doctrine. He said that the safety greater service to each other in case of tacting all the colleges of the United and security of this Republic could not need. _States suggesting the wisdom of each be maintained if we permitted coloniza- · The chances are some criticism will be college securing one or two students from tion of any part of this hemisphere by made of the appropriations in. this bill these republics, to be selected in the same a European country. No formal action designed for· promoting or enlarging our way as the professors and students are was ever taken in the matter by Congress cultural activities in the pan-American now selected, and to become teachers in until a few months ago a resolution was republics, and I am frank to say that these colleges. adopted by Congress dedicating itself to some of them are probably of doubtful Mr. HOUSTON. Mr. Chairman, will the principle announced in the Monroe value, but the question that confronts the gentleman yield? Doctrine. It has never been an estab- this country today is whether or not we Mr. HARE. I yield to the gentleman lished principle of international law, are going to adopt a policy whereby we from Kansas. although it has been recognized as what can insure cooperation, whether we can Mr. HOUSTON. May I point out that may be referred to as one of the out- adopt a policy by which we can insure the in my trip to South America we found standing unwritten principles of inter- aid of these republics in an emergency that the most enthusiastic boosters and national law for more than a century, such as that we are now going through, supporters of the American way of life and from time to time Presidents of the regardless of the value of every detail by were those who had gone to school here United ·States have reproclaimed the which the purpose is to be accomplished. rather than those who had gone to Monroe Doctrine. Certainly we shall make some mistakes. schools on the Continent of Europe. I We have been more or less isolation- Certainly we shall make some poor in think the gentleman is on sound ground lsts for a half century or more toward vestments. However, the purpose of the in arguing what he is proposing now. the South and Central American repub- whole program is predicated and based Mr. HARE. The gentleman's state lies, and as a result we are now paying on the grounds I have tried to show. ment corroborates my idea. I under- 1292 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 16 : stand that quite a number of students social, business, and political relation · Mr. STEFAN. Will the gentleman · come to this country from these repub · between the Republic of this country and -Yield? lics who pay their own way without any · the republics· of Mexico, Central, and Mr. HOFFMAN. Yes; I yield. inducement whatever, but my thought is South America. Mr. STEFAN. The gentleman does not · that if the Government is going to pro [Here the gavel fell.] want to infer that the members of this mote this policy it should contact the Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, I yield committee did not give you any informa colleges and suggest to them the advis 10 minutes to the gentleman from Michi tion about the bill under consideration, ability of encouraging students from gan [Mr. HOFFMAN]. does he? · these countries to enroll with them in Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, no Mr. HOFFMAN. They would not need order to complete their college courses doubt there are great possibilities for us to do that. I have so much confidence and at the same time do some teaching- in our relationship with these countries· in the knowledge and integrity and abil . that is, select young men or young women to the south. While I do not disagree ity of the members of the committee that who speak both Spanish and English and with anything that the distinguished I would not question what the members are prepared to enter first year of college gentleman has said, sometimes a house of the minority side brought in here. training. · . cleaning at home is a good thing and You know we cannot all have informa They could be retained as teachers in there are plenty of things right here at tion on all bills, as was demonstrated so these institutions to teach Spanish theo home that we can do to set our own ·fully when the pensions for Congressmen retically and practically and by associa- house in order before we start proceed . amendment went through, so we must . tions with 30 or 50 or 100 or 150 in a class ings beyond our borders. rely on the members of the committee. with these teachers within 3 or 4 years, Mr. HARE. Mr. Chairman, will the I have no hesitancy in relying on the when they finished their college courses, · gentleman yield? statements of the gentleman from Cali every member of the- class would be able Mr. HOFFMAN . . Yes. fornia [Mr. CARTER] and the gentleman to speak Spanish fluently. They would who just addressed me [Mr. STEFAN] as then be able to go to the pan-American Mr. HARE. I would not get into an argument with the gentleman on that to the contents of this bill. I join with republics and there be able to assist in the gentleman in regretting that there is promoting better business relations with point at all. Mr. HOFFMAN. I know that and I am so little on the minority side that we can our own country. When we are able to do. connect up the social and business activi not arguing with the gentleman. I hap ties of these republics, 21 in all, then I pen to live in the same building that he Last week I was home. Do not make have no fear as to what the future po · lives in and I have enjoyed with profit to any mistake about the attitude of the litical relationship will be. I want to say myself many a conversation with him in people at home. The President, accord just here, Mr. Chairman, that we have · the long, summer evenings; in ·fact, I ing to the. papers, thinks. that the people just escaped a possible tragedy by the have tried to sit and I have sat at the are not aware of what is happening. It mere skin of our teeth, so to speak, in · gentleman's feet on many occasions and is a fortunate thing for him that he is maintaining amicable and cooperative. if I am ignorant today on some things not up for reelection right now. relations with some of the republics, and about which I should be better informed, It is a fortunate thing for us that we when this emergency is over, unless we it is due to my inability to absorb the are not coming up within the next ·30 are able to maintain and perpetuate a information given by him and not to any days for reelection. · We might be able frienqly and cooperative social and busi failure on his part 'to convey it. No, I to explain ourselves to the folks but, as ness relation with these countries when do not disagree with his theory that we suggested by .more than one editorial, it ' the next emergency arises we :Will not be should be on friendly terms with our is more than likely that many of us will , able to maintain an essential political neighbors to the south. be met by reception committees without relationship and this country will again For a long time there have been two bands when we return to our constitu be in . the gravest danger of any time in schools of thought in this country about encies. That is not because the people · history. how we should proceed. First let me say have anything against any one particular [Here the gavel fell.] that the gentleman who so graciously Congressman. They are just disgusted Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yield granted me this time suggested that I with Congress. The fact that the 0. C. D. to the gentleman from South Carolina 2 would be speaking to an unseen audience, employed actors and actresses and additional minutes. referring to the fact that there were very, dancers, and ·au th~ expenditure of Mr. HARE. Although the cultural re very few Members upon the floor of the money for umiecessary things while a lations policy is in its infancy, it is going House. I am sure of one listener, al war was on just gave the people a chance to be a long and far-reaching policy. It though for the moment he is absent;...::.. to express their indignation-yes, their will extend far beyond this emergency, no, he is in the back of the room-my disgust-with the Congress of the United and while we will make some mistakes in colleague from Michigan [Mr. SHAFER] States. its promotion when we pass this bill, yet from an adjoining district. The reason Then just before that, on the 21st of if we put our shoulders to the wheel and I am sure he is going to be here is be January, we voted ourselves-the most of keep in mind the real basis and purpose cause he follows me, and I hope you us were not aware ·of it-a pension, and of the program, I feel that in the course gentlemen who are on the floor will stay we have been busy explaining that ever of a decade or two decades businEss op and listen to the little incident which he since. This morning I a~ked .unanimous portunities of all of the republics in the will disclose showing one more way of consent for the consideration of a bill Western Hemisphere will be more closely spending the Government's money with which I introduced to repeal that legis cemented, the political relations and ob out any adequate return. lation. You gentlemen will recall that it ligations will be recognized to the mutual I think, perhaps, the reason so few of was passed by unanimous consent. So, advantage of all, and when the next us are on the floor is because the speeches in my innocence and ignorance of par emergency comes we will not have to which are made give us no new informa liamentary procedure I thought it would stay awake at night, as many have done tion. We are all aware of certain things be all right to ask unanimous consent to in this country for the last 6 months, which prevent the putting forth of all our repeal that legislation. As it came in by wondering what steps this republic or efforts toward the winning of the war. unanimous consent, I thought it might go that republic in South America will take For some reason we seem to lack the out through the same wide-open door. · with reference to the United States and courage to act, even though we know full I thought that the House could by unani the Axis Powers or other political ene- well what we should do. There are cer mous consent enact any legislation. But . mies. It is a matter to be considered not tain fundamental truths about this Gov the Speaker refused to recognize me for only by your Appropriations Committee ernment of ours with which we are all that purpose. So on the RECORD it re but by every Member of this House, lead mains that the Speaker was the only one ers on both sides who will shape the familiar. who objected to the consideration of a policy of this Congress and the policy of Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, will the bill which would have repealed a pen this country. The policy or program is gentleman yield? sion for Congressmen and Members of the an emergency, it is pregnant with great Mr. HOFFMAN. In just a minute. other body. possibilities, for certainly there is a great The:re are certain things that we all know Mr. CELLER. Mr. Chairman, will the necessity for an enlarged and better that we should do. gentleman yield? 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1293 Mr. HOFFMAN. In just a second. The Mr. HOFFMAN. Now, wait a minute. people decide that the sacrifice is worth bill I introduced did not have anything I do not yield for flattery, because I get the effort or until they reach the conclu to do with the President. I did not ask many letters from people telling me that sion that it is not. that the legislation which would give him I am not only both, but several other No man in this House, in my judgment, a pension of $17,000 on his retirement be things. has the learning or the foresight to know repealed. I did not ask that the legisla The only difficulty is that I am so ig on how many continents or how many tion which would give a pension to other norant I do not believe them when they lands or on how many seas we can suc folks conr.ected with the Government be tell me I am not aware of what is hap cessfully carry on this war. No one repealed. I only asked that the legisla pening to our Nation. When they write knows, or can even guess, how many men tion which would give Members of Con that I should bow down and worship at it may take. Only time and experience gress, including both the upper and the the administration's feet, when I bow will tell us. But one thing is certain lower Houses, a pension, be repealed. I under tfle purple robe, I see too much that unless there is a change in the understand they are called "Members of mud on the boots of w-ould-be dictators. methods and procedure of this adminis the upper branch" bEcause they first met You know if too many people told you tration it will never win this war. If we in a garret. We, in public opinion, are what a fine fellow you were and how in were as great, as powerful, as we thought now in the basement, or, as it might be telligent you were, and you believed it we ·were before Pearl Harbor, we know colloquially expressed, in the dog house. all, you would get a swelled head pretty we cannot fight and win this war while Mr. CELLER. Will the gentleman soon. It is extremely difficult for any carrying the burden of social reforms. yield? one to come here to Washington andre We cannot win a war on a 40-hour week Mr. HOFFMAN. I yield for a question. main even overnight without getting to on pay and a half, on double pay, on a The gentleman does not want to make a feel that he knows so much more than closed-shop basis. Why do I say this? I speech about the pension bill, does he? the folks back home. The folks back say it because of our experience in the Mr. CELLER. I was not here. I did home have asked me on many occasions, past with this administration's domestic not vote for it or against it. "Don't you have a swelled head since you policies. I say that if this country is to Mr. HOFFMAN. I guess we were all went to Washington?" "Yes," I answer; be saved, there has to be a house clean away, were we not? "when I am down in Washington she ing down here in the executive depart Mr. CELLER. I will ask the gentle swells up until she is the size of a bushel ment. Where do I get that? I get it not man this question: Does the gentleman basket; and then when I come back only from our experience here since the think it is fair to leave in the RECORD the home and see you folks and hear you sit-down strikes but from almost every impression that the Speaker was the only talk and practice honesty and economy newspaper, excepting only the Commu one who caused you to be unable to · and see how you work ami save-and I nist sheets. We are told now that we bring up your bill by unanimous consent realize that you do work and that you have got to quit our foolishness or lose to repeal the pension bill? are trying to do all you ran to make this this war. . Mr. HOFFMAN. Was the only one? a better country and a better govern- From whence comes this storm of crit Mr. . CELLER. That was the impres - m·ent-and I remember all the things we icism because of the employment of a sion I got from your statement. have done in Washington, the bushel dancer and an actor? These things, as a Mr. HOFFMAN. Well, he was the only basket, she just shrinks to about the size gentleman said on the floor the other one who voiced opposition. I am going of a dried wild-cherry pit." You know day, are only flyspecks, but they are sym to leave it in the RECORD . . It may be that how small that is, do you not? About bolic of what is occurring all the time. the gentleman from New York would the size of a No. 2 shot. That is about The Washington Post the other ·day pub have objected had the Speaker put the the right comparison. lished a strong editorial on conversion of question. I have no way of knowing that. [Here the gavel fell.] the Government to wartime effort.' It 1 have no way of knowing whether there Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, I yield was placed in the RECORD. That editorial were other Members on the majority the gentleman from Michigan 7 addi called for a house cleaning. · Yes; we side who would object, but from the tion&! minutes. know where the war is being fought. · many, many apologies that have been Mr. HOFFMAN. But what I wanted Mr. Chairman, we know there is a war made by Members who either were not to talk to you about was this-and this in the Pacific, we know there is a war on here or did not know what was going on is what I started to talk to you about the Atlantic, and many of us-all of us, about thiS legislation, I was led to be when the gentleman led me astray: if we would stop to read and think lieve in my ignorance and my innocence There have been two schools of thought know that there is another war right that undoubtedly the Members would in this country about our policy; that is, here within our own Government, carried want that legislation repealed. So as I prior to December 7, prior to Pearl Har on by an enemy more dangerous than cannot draw a long bill, only a short one, bor. There was one group who thought either the one on the Atlantic or the getting that thought that the Congress that the best thing this country could one on the Pacific. I have here copies men were anxious to undo the wrong, if possibly do in this war-torn world was of the Daily Worker, from New York, that be what it is, or our mistakes-any to get ready for what was coming, that damning the Dies committee because it way, that we had repented, were con was first to prepare to defend ourselves has exposed members of the Communist verted and wanted to get right-riot with. here in America. There was another Party. Here is an editorial which says God, but with the voters back home-r group-and I am finding no fault with that we are losing because of lack of pro put in that little bill just having to do members of either because I think the duction. On another page of the same _ with the Members of Congress; with just patriotism and sincerity of each was paper is an article where the C. I. 0. is our own individual pensions. That is all equal to that of the other-another group demanding $1 a day increase in wages. it applied to. I thought-surely I did; who believed that our first line of defense How are we to increase production by in I am sincere in this-I thought the was on the Rhine. They told us time creasing wages? Every schoolboy knows Speaker would put the question and then and time again that we depended for that when you increase the price you get we would learn whether there was anyone our national security upon the Navy of less for your money. in the House who objected to the repeal Great Britain. Well, since these Ger The Ways and Means Committee of the of that legislation. man battleships sailed out from Brest House is now considering a bill to give Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, will the the other day and ran the Straits of $300,000,000 of Federal money to men who gentleman yield? Dover, the English Channel, I am begin are unemployed, principally in Detroit. Mr. HOFFMAN. I yield. ning to wonder just where our first line Why are they unemployed? Because the Mr. RABAUT. I do not want any of defense may be. Since Singapore last automobile factories are being converted thing to remain in the RECORD about the night I am wondering whether we are into plants for the production of imple distinguished gentleman from Michigan hiding behind Great Britain or whether ments of war, and while the men are either being ignorant or innocent. Great Britain is hiding behind our war changing over those factories the leader Mr. HOFFMAN. Oh, the folks at strength. I am beginning to wonder ship of the C. I. 0.', back of whom stands home know that. whether we are fighting to preserve our the President of the United States, is de Mr. RABAUT. Because the people of land, our Nation, or whether we are manding that if they work on Sunday, his district know that does not apply to fighting for the preservation of the Brit even if they do not work on any other him, and the Members of Congress like ish Empire. Be that as it may, we are day of the week, to erect buildings in wise realize it. in and we shall have to ao on until our which to install machinery which will give 1294 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 16 them jcbs, which will make the imple wanted to put the Speaker on the spot or work it has done in connection with this ments of war, they must be paid double not, but if there is any one man in this whole bill. time. Is that patriotism, with a string House who is going to follow the regular The program of the civilian pilot train attached; is it? ls it anything else? procedure in this House, and who has al ing for pilots has to do only with the first I understand the gentleman from Mis ways followed the regular procedure, it -is phase 'of an Army pilot's final training. souri [Mr. COCHRAN], who always defends · the Speaker of the House of Representa There should be at least three phases to the administration, will speak next. The tives. the .;raining of a pilot for combat service. administration is standing back of the Mr. HOFFMAN. Will the gentleman There is what they call the elementary c. I. 0., of its demand for a closed shop, yield? course, the first step of training. In this which means that while nonunion men Mr. COCHRAN. Not right now. part of the program they should use a - tight the war-tight and die-only mem Mr. HOFFMAN. The gentleman re small, light trainer, commonly known as bers of the union can work here at home ferred to me. a coll2giate trainer, which should be of a · in E:afety at the well-paid jobs. Accord Mr. COCHRAN. Not right now. low-wing monoplane type. Then they . ing to this report in the Daily -Worker, Mr. HOFFMAN. The gentleman said-I· . should follow up with an intermediate the administration demands abolition ofl · was unfair. known as the primary trainer, of a low the D1es committee. I hope that state ·Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Chairman, the - wing monoplane type, so that when they . ment is not true; I hope that charge is Speaker very properly replied · that he . enter the Army training, they are prop · false, and I hope the gentleman from - would not recognize the gentleman from erly trained to enter the larger trainer, Missouri will tell us it is false and ·say · Michigan for that purpose. Had the gen known as the basic trainer, then to the that the administration is in favor of tleman indicated when he took the floor' advanced trainer, which is much faster continuation of the Dies committee. that that was his purpose, the Speaker and also of the low-wing monoplane type. The Dies committee has been exposing would have said the same thing. Why? They should then take the students from the enemies of our country, many of them Because we all know that the policy 9f there into their fast combat planes and Reds, and, of course, the Daily Worker . this House in the. consideration of legis bombers, also interceptors. lets out a howl. This administration, . lation by unanimous consent is to never If that program were followed by the · according to a committee report, used recognize any one but the chairman of' training branch of the Army and Navy welfare funds for political purposes. It the committee and then. when both the we would save not only thousands but is now playing politics with the labor majority and the minority members of millions of hours in the training of pilots, politicians. It is all very well to say it is the committee are in favor of the legisla but what is the program? They place · necessary to exempt from military service tion and after the chairman of the ·com them into what is known as a Fairchild, a motion-picture top-notchers, labor lead mittee has consulted the minority leader. small low-wing monoplane. They teach ers, labor organizers, and labor politi That is the present policy and it has al them to fly in this plane. The Army's cians and· to take the farmers' last hired ways been the policy. present program places these men also in · man; it is all very well to advocate paying The Speaker has always refused to rec an old antique Stearman biplane, a slow members of labor unions $24 a week for ognize Members to call up legislation maneuveting machine, which has been every week they are unemployed, to insist under such circumstances-not only the entirely obsolete since the birth of the that they'be paid double wages for holi present Speaker but other Speakers. ' low-wing monoplane. These they have day and Sunday work and pay and a half The Speaker of the House of Repre frozen as the primary trainer. · for all defense work over 40 hours a week, sentatives bas a duty to perform. I have The Army Air Corps has adopted the but the administration is not fooling the no idea whatsoever what his views are on nonsensical and unworkable program of home folks for one minute. The admin this subject, but when the RECORD goes moving the trainees from these slow istration need not worry for one moment out and the people read where the gen maneuvering planes and putting them about the complacency of the home folks. into fast-moving planes. In doing this, They know what is going on here in tleman from Michigan has asked unan imous consent to call this resolut~on up they break the spirit of at least 70 per Washington. And this Congress and this and the Speaker refused to recognize him cent of their air pilots and the result is a administration will catch what Sherman loss of hours. said war was if they do not mend their for that purpose, then some of the dem agogs and newspapers desiring to assail There was what was known as the ways. the Congress will say that the occupant Zephyr Aircraft Corporation,. which was [Here the gavel fell.J of the chair is protecting some legislation building or was prepared to build a mod Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yield upon which action should be secured. ern low-wing primary training plane that 5 minutes to the gentleman from Mis As I understand it, hearings are being would fit right into a real step-up effi souri [Mr. CocHRAN]. held on the bill, and everybody who de cient training program to the extent that Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Chairman, I have sires will have an opportunity to appear we would be training hundreds of thou no authority to speak for the administra- before the committee. I say again it is sands of pilots today, for half the cost to . tion. · So far as I am concerned, the ad highly unfair to the Speaker of the House the Government of the present program ministration has said nothing to me in of Representatives. that is impeding the proper training of reference to the continuance of the Dies Mr. HOFFMAN. Will the gentleman pilots. committee. A committee here in the yield? · I wish to compliment the editorial House has reported a resolution to ex writer of the Washington_Post who in tend the life of the Dies committee and Mr. COCHRAN. I say it is highly un his editorial last Friday commented on the Members of the House will have an fair to the Speaker o:fthe House of Rep the present lack of training facilities in opportunity to say whether or not they resentatives to use such tactics as the the present program and said the method · want the Dies committee continued. gentleman used this morning. now used was inadequate· for our needs But I did not rise to speak on that but Mr. ROFFMAN. Will the gentleman in air-pilot training. The reason for ,... to refer to another matter. yield? this inadequacy is that the Army has not I really think it is highly unfair for · Mr. COCHRAN. No. The gentleman recognized modern methods, but to the the gentleman from Michigan to do what expressed his views. · contrary has by its direct arbitrary atti he tried to do today. We have a pro Mr. HOFFMAN. You make a charge tude driven out of the program of tram cedure in this House that we all try to and you will not yield? ing, a corporation equippea to produce follow.. The gentleman rose today and Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yield training planes on a mass-production asked unanimous consent to speak for 1 5 minutes to the gentleman from Mich basis. This was cited by the Truman minute and to revise and extend his own igan [Mr. HooKL committee as a glaring example. The remarks in the RECORD. After speaking Mr. HOOK. Mr. Chairman, when I Zephyr Aircraft Corporation is just for a few seconds the gentleman turned listened here this afternoon to the gen another martyr to the combination of to the Speaker and asked unanimous con tlem~. n from Nebraska commenting on Army officials and the airplane monopoly, sent to call up a resolution which would the civilian pilot-training program I The Army drove them right out of busi repeal what is commonly referred to as thought that this Committee should be ness, when that corporation could be the Retirement Act, involving amend complimented for its fine work not only turning over to the United States Gov ments to the retirement law. I do not in its consideration of the civilian pilot ernment hundreds, yes, thousands of know whether the gentleman purposely training program but for the studious planes that could be used in the training 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1295 program today, if they were permitted to that we shall need over '500,000 air pilots, Mr. DITTER. I first, of course, yield take part in it, at least 50 planes a day, -because in order to have a real fighting to my friend from Michigan, assuming he of the same type now used as a fighting force that can strike you must have at . will allow me some additional time. plane. least 2 pilots for every pla.ne.. Mr. RABAUT. I just want to call the [Here the gavel fell.] I vouch for this statement, that unless gentleman's attention to how far-reach Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yield this program is changed, unless we speed ing the action of this committee is. 5 additional minutes to the gentleman up our training program upon which the Mr. DITTER. I am complimenting from Michigan. whole combat air force is based, we shall the committee, sir. Mr. HOOK. Today, because of the ar not have 50 percent of the pilots needed. Mr. RABAUT. I want to-call one item bitrary attitude of the War Department I believe we should send word to the Air to the attention of the gentleman-some there rests in the warehouses in Detroit Corps, the air branch of this Nation's thing that has been carried in the bill the jigs, dies, and other materials owned defenses, that they should forget their for years. We have eliminated the con by this corporation that could be operat old wood-and-wire biplanes and place in vention relating to the liquor traffic in ing today in the production of airplanes. production the kind of planes that will Africa, involving the sum of $55. When we spoke to probably the highest really train the number of pilots we need. Mr. DITTER. That is pretty good and ranking officer in the Government outside In closing let me go further and say I compliment the gentleman. But I want of the legislative body and the President that the Army and the War Production to call your attention to the fact that of the United States, he admitted that Board should call in the officials of the the $5 acorn that you save on the Panama such tactics as this were really the· cause Zephyr Air Craft Corporation, sit across Canal Zone you throw away, apparently of the· disaster at Pearl Harbor, and in the table, and work out this training pro playing poker across the table, by pro formed us that the Army has today gram to the point of efficiency. They viding $5 plus up above there in the item frozen the program so that there have should arrange to get this company in for the Court of Customs and Patent been and will continue to be lost millions production at once, excuses heretofore Appeals. So what you did laudably in of hours in training in this country due given notwithstanding. This company is the first instance apparently you regret to the use of an old Stearman biplane. begging to build planes and cannot as ted and added on the $5 at another place. He said that because of that and because long as the Army officials maintain their Mr. MAY. Mr. Chairman, will the of the fact that we were short on tools, high-handed and arbitrary attitude. gentleman yield? they could not set up another facility for This would not interfere with but would Mr. DITTER. I want to get to the the manufacture of the planes that would bring about a real training program that main part of my thought, but I yield to set up the proper training program for would build an air force next to none. my friend from Kentucky. the Army Air Corps. Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, I yield Mr. MAY. I just want to call the at Are we going to freeze incompetence? 10 minutes to the gentleman from Penn tention of the gentleman to the fact that .Are we going to freeze a program which, sylvania [Mr. DITTER]. if the committee eliminated only $5 on in my opinion and in the opinion of some Mr. DITTER. Mr. Chairman, I think the item mentioned, tpey left lots of room of the best aviation authorities-for in all of us were pleasingly impressed dur for future cutting above that amount. stance, Mr. Hutchinson-:-was the basis of ing the early part of the debate today to Mr. DITTER. Am I to infer from the the inefficiency and one of the causes of hear the compliments that were passed gentleman's observation that he thinks our defeat at Pearl Harbor? back and forth between the members of there is really hope that more can be Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, will the the Committee from the minority and done or that there is room for more gentleman yield? from the majority. I think that is a very improvement? Mr. HOOK. I yield to the gentleman happy situation. In order to be in line Mr. MAY. Yes; and it should be done .. from Michigan. with the practices which were established Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. RABAUT. May I say to my col earlier in the day and not to be remiss the gentleman yield? league that I think he is right. In the in the matter of my own compliments, I Mr. DITTER. I yield to my friend civilian pilot-training program there are thought I would scan the report here to ·from Michigan by reason of the fact two types of training, the first and sec see whether I might not find some basis that my friend from Missouri is now on ondary courses. The graduates of the upon which I might offer a compliment. the floor and since my friend from Michi secondary courses have been used by the As I find a basis for that compliment gan sought recognition at the time my Army. They were frowned on somewhat there comes to me a trite and homely friend from Missouri had the floor. at first but were finally taken into the phrase that great oaks from little acorns Mr. HOFFMAN. I thank the gentle basic course of the Army. They have grow. As I scan the report I find that man. He is very, very gracious. The · also now been taken into the cross tl)e· committee has realiy planted ail gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CocHRAN] country and commercial - instructor acorn and, probably, in due time that charged that when I asked unanimous courses, and from . the commercial-in acorn may grow into some sizable oak. consent of the House for the considera structor courses there are transferred to, ·I find that they have actually cut under tion of legislation which would have re and the Army accepts, flyers for the non the Budget estimate to the extent of $5. pealed the bill which gave Members of combatant branch of the Army. The Now, I think this is a laudable achieve the upper and lower Houses gratuities, I Army takes them as copilots for Pan ment. In connection with the District was unfair. Now, I do not want to be American, and also as instructors. They Court of the Panama Canal Zone I find unfair to anyone and I have noticed that take the civilian pilot-training program that the committee, actuated no doubt by the majority side is very, very liberal with instructors and transfer them as sea this demand for economy, motivat~d no its points of order, as, for instance, when sonal instructors, as teachers for the doubt by its desire to eliminate nonessen it took the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. Army program. Up to a late date, how tials, prompted no doubt by the urge to LAMBERTSON] off the floor when he had an ever, they did not take them at all. cut expenditures, has started by bring amendment. The gentleman from Mis Mr. HOOK. I thank the gentleman ing in a suggestion to the Congress to souri [Mr. CocHRAN], if I understood him for his contribution, and wish to say that make at least the first step. True .correctly, said it was the -practice when I have been informed that up to a late enough, it is not a very large step, but legislation was to be brought up to con date the Army has refused to gi~e the $5, mark you, is the initial move made by sult the ranking minority member of the civilian pilot-training graduates any this committee to reduce these nonessen committee and the minority leadership. credit for their flying hours. However, tial -expenditures. It may be I have not been here long they are now cooperating with the civil I cannot help but be distressed about enough to know about that, but I have ian pilot-training program. one thing, however, and that is my fear been here long enough to know that time What I am trying to emphasize is that that acorns grow so slowly. I am won and time again legislation· is brought up unless we change our program for the dering how long it is going . to take to on the floor by unanimous consent, and training of pilots we shall not have suffi get this $5 acorn growing into some kind my information about the passage of the cient pilots to carry out the air program of a sizable oak. I am wondering how so-called pension legislation is that the that has been laid down by the President much care and nourishment and culti gentleman from Kansas [Mr. REES] was of the United States. He said we were vation and attention is going to be re opposed to that. Am I correct-in tha.~ or going to produce 65,000 a.irplanes this quired to get this thing growing. does the gentleman from Pennsylvania .year and 125,000 next year. This means Mr. RABAUT and Mr. BENDER rose . know?. 1296 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 16 Mr. DITTER. I have no knowledge the colloquy in the earlier part of the de- not needed or wanted, in order to justify of that. bate and I simply wanted to afford oppor- their maintenance on the tax rolls. Mr. HOFFMAN. I heard the gentle tunity for those two gentlemen to inter- Mr. DITTER. I regret that I had to man from Kansas [Mr. REES] make such change the good feeling that I knew ex- refer to-W. P. A. After all, it is a rather a statement on the floor. He also com isted between them. sad memory with many of us. It brings plained very bitterly about the bringing Mr. COCHRAN. And I thank the up a shameful inefficiency that is distaste UI~ of that legislation during his mo gentleman from Pennsylvania, and I am ful to most of us and I regret that I have mentary absence from the floor. That is able to thank him myself. I do not need. to refer to it at this time. What I think all in the RECORD. As I understand, the the gentleman from Michigan to thank we should do is to close the door on that lady from Massachusetts [Mrs. RoGERs] him for me. episode in our national life completely. is the ranking minority member, but she Mr. DITTER. Now, Mr. Chairman, in Let us forget the W. P. A. ever existed. was not on the floor, as I recall. She the few minutes I have remaining, I Let us save the money that W. P. A. was outside in the lobby. That legisla should like to make some observations on wasted. Let us go out in this all-out war tion, as a matter of fact, came through the bill. effort to win the war without any boon here without very much consideration, . I have in mind a practice that I think -doggling or the excuse that W. P. A. uses and as long as all of the Members, or should be looked into and I think it should as an excuse for its perpetration. practically all of them, want it repealed, ·be abated: I find that the Census Bureau, [Here the gavel fell.] then why should not a Member get up in justifying the amount of money which Mr; RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yield and ask unanimous consent that it be is to be provided for it, points out that .10 minutes to the gentleman from New repealed? What is unfair about that? the· W. P. A. is doing a substantial part : York [Mr. CELLERl. · . I am not .trying to put the Speaker in a of the ·clerical work for the Census Bu- Mr. CELLER. · Mr. Chairman, I may · hole, but has the day come now when , reau. The warning that I want to sound ·say to the gentleman from Pennsylvania . this House cannot by unanimous consent in that connection is this: That if w. P. in his .reference to the Census Bureau undo something which it now admits was A. has no justification to exist as a relief that it is well to consider the fact that . wrong and which was done by unani- . agency, I do not believe there is justiflca- ·very valuable information is being ob . mous consent? I notice the rules are a tion for its existence as an auxiliary 1 -tained by ·the various- cities and States convenient thing, a sharp sword in tbe · ·agency for either the Census Bureau or .through W. P. A. at rates that are far hands of the majority, no shield for the any other bureau. If the Census Bureau cheaper than would be the case if the minority. I notice a violation of the rules 'has work at hand which demands addi- work had been done by. the Bureau of the day after day r no complaint, except when tiona! clerical help, let that Census Bu- Census, because W. P. A. labor is quite a the majority wants to make a point. reau, in its own right, justify that addi- degree cheaper, and not only are the Bu Shylock was a great stickler for the rules . tional help, but not use a relief agency, i'eau's vital statistics throughout the until he met Portia. white-collar relief workers, to carry a part length and breadth of the land being en Mr. DITTER. Mr. Chairman, I should of the load that the Census Bureau riched by very valuable records, ·but the like to make an observation in point. should be carrying in its own behalf. public is receiving important data and Mr. COCHRAN. Will the gentleman Mr. COCHRAN. Will the gentleman statistics through the Bureau of the yield? yield? Census. · · Mr. DITTER. I should like to say to Mr. DITTER. If that· be true through- Mr. DITTER. Mr. Chairman, will the .the gentleman from Michigan that I out the whole operations of w. P. A., gentleman yield? · know any observation that might have then W. P. A. can be eliminated and the Mr. CELLER. I yield . • come from the gentleman from Missouri great expensive administrative staff of - Mr. DITTER. I think that is a rather _chiding 11im w_as certainly not inten w. P .. A. can be stopped,- and the tax- unfortunate situation if that be true; for tional, for the distinguished gentleman payers can be saved a very substantial ·then are we to understand that the man ·from Missouri is always kind. sum of money. on relief is not -paid what he is worth? I now yleld to the gentleman from Mis I now yield to the gentleman from Or that the folks over in the Census Bu- souri. Missouri. reau are overpaid for work they are . Mr. COCHRAN. I thank the gentle Mr. COCHRAN. I thank the gentle- doing? It seems we are on one horn or -man from Pennsylvania. I always try , inan. I want to say the work they are the·other of a rather sad dilemma if that to be kind. But with reference to the be true. For myself I am refusing to . ciTcumstance the gentleman speaks of, _doing for the Census Bureau is extremely make such an admission . when a bill is placed on the Consent valuable from this standpoint. Vital Mr. CELLER. It is not fair to say that Calendar and is called upon on Consent statistics were not kept yea~rs ago. · They ··and certainly theW. P~ A. with reference Calendar day, that is a vastly different are working on vital statistics. to those who are unemployed is simply situation than walking on the floor of the Mr. DITTER. , Oh, I know the excuse; ·endeavoring to tide them over a difficult House and making a 1-minute speech but let the Census Bureau do it them- period. It is quite reasonable to expect and then asking the Speaker to recognize selves. that those on W. P. A. would get wages him to consider a certain piece of legis Mr. COCHRAN. All right. I am per- which are less than the wages given to lation. fectly willing. those who are employed in ordinary in- Mr. DITTER. Now, may I have a little Mr. DITTER. I am perfectly willing, dustry. I cannot yield further on that of my own time? if that is a justifiable thing, to give the subject. _ Mr. COCHRAN. I thank the gentle , Census Bureau additional help to do it, Now I want to talk briefly on a matter man for yielding to me. .but !et us 'not cloak this W. P. A. with a that concerns the country generally and . Mr. HOFFMAN. Will the gentleman false cloak. It was created as a relief ·the state of New York particularly; I . yield 30 seconds to me? agency. It is still a relief agency. If it is want to speak briefly on the bill H. R . The CHAIRMAN. Unfortunately the doing a job that has to be done for other 6559, the Social Security Board's pro time of the gent!eman from Pennsylvania bureaus, let it- be taken over body, soul, }Josal to appropriate $300,000,000 to pay has expired. and spirit by the other agencies, but do added benefits to workers temporarily Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, I yield not let it go marching around the country ousted from employment by defense pri- the gentleman from Pennsylvania 3 ad . as a relief agency one moment and then orities, that is, by our defense· effort. I . ditional minutes. try to excuse its existence by tacking it have examined this bill and find lt some- Mr. DITTER. I now yield to the gen ·onto the tail of some other activity. - ·what of a monstrosity because in a word . tleman from Michigan. ·. Mr. SHAFER .of Michigan. Mr. Chair- it seeks to give to the ·social ·security Mr. HOFFMAN. I only .asked for the . man, will tne gentleman yield? Board tremendous and unheard-of pow . time· so that I might thank the ·gentle- ' . ; Mr.· DITI'ER: · I yield to the distin- , ers. If the procedure outlined in that bill man from Pennsylvania for yielding to gutshed gentleman from LMicliigan. • ·were to be followed. by other measures we ~ the gentleman from Missouri. Mr. SHAFER of Michigan·. I simply would in all likelihood be forced to fold Mr. DITTER. My purpose was that I · want to ·call my colleague's· attention to ' .up in this. Chamber and go home, and · felt probably, in . his e!lthusiasm, the -this fact, that w. P. A. is now sending , .there would~ be no need for a Congress, .· gentleman from Missoo~i - refU.sed- to Yield clerks. to· the offices of "the county cler~s ' ·because in tb.at. particular bill the Social to the gentleman from Michigan-dw-ing . throti.ghout the country, clerks that are . ·security Board would ~ave complete 1942 CONGRI~SSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1297 powers to determine how and when, and two huge surpluses-$2,500,000,000 in matic of that which has emanated from the manner in and procedure under the old-age pension fund and $2,500,- time to time from the Social Security which the $300,000,000 would be disposed 000,000 in the unemployment compensa . Board but any other bill of like natllre. of. Congress would not have the slight tion fund. With five billions of surplus, I am reliably informed that the Ways est control over this vast expenditure. why increase the rates? One answer was and Means Committee in its wisdom will The Social Security Board would be su to aid defense, meaning that the Treas not report this bill favorably. preme. With such a vast sum at its com ury would be greatly enriched by such in In conclusion, may I say that a bill of mand it could make every State unem creases, since the social-security funds this character gives a tremendous instru ployment commission or board bow down are dumped into the common Treasury ment to any agency to whip all State ofH before it. It could bludgeon each State pot, as it were, as are all taxes, customs cials into line. If we would encourage agency to do its bidding, Such .State duties, fines, and so forth. The answer bills of this character, we would federal agencies would be powerless to resist. to that argument is that social-security ize all ·the unemployment-insurance Grant the relief to these unemployed, funds are sacred trusts, sacred insurance funds of the country. We would wipe unfortunate workers; grant it, by all funds, and cannot be considered as ordi out State lines completely. The States means, particularly in States like Michi nary receipts paid into the Treasury. are better able to judge of the local con gan; but let it be dane through the regu Furthermore, if they are not considered ditions with reference to unemployment lar organized channels set up many years as trust funds and are merely moneys than the Social Security Board here in ago for that purppse in the various States, paid .in, then one segment of .the popula Washington. · namelY, through the various States• un- · tion-those paying the social-security · Greater progress can be made in so employment agencies. Appropri~te the taxe.s, o_nly jl. min.orjty of the: population cial security in the States themselves~ necessary funds, but do not pass this bill pay .a .greater .share of goxernmental ex Many States are away ahead of Wash which would give high powers to the So penses and defense charges than other tngton in that regard. For example, the cial Security Board, willy-nilly. The segments of the population-for ex Federal Unemployment Tax Act is re States are better able to pass upon local ample, farmers, farm hands, Govern stricted to employers of eight or more. unemployment conditions. Their set ment workers, domestics, self-employers, Yet coverage in the six States which en .ups are particularly adapted fc;>r ·this pur professional men-a majority of the pop compass more than half of the employers pose, rather than a greatly overpowered, ulation, who do not pay social-security and workers subject to State laws em bureaucratic department in far-away taxes. It was also argued that such in braces. variously firms with one, three, ·Washington. crease in security taxes was necessary to four,. and six employees. Twenty-six , The State of New York has a very large attack inflation. The increase would States in all cover firms of smaller size stake in the huge surplus that has been help drain off surplus purchasing power than does the Federal Government . amassed and acquired by the Social Se .of · the Nation. Imagine using a trust The Federal social-security statute .curity Board. This latter surplus is now, insurance fund for such a purpose-a now contains coverage exclusions not as far as unemployment insurance is con purpose utterly foreign to the legal uses found in the New York act. For exam cerned, $2,500,000.000, and New York's of such fund. ple, employers of four or more domestics interest in that fund is $306,000,000. We Now the Board brings in the bill com are covered by the New York State fund. do not need the money that would be pletely to federalize the State unemploy New York is the only State that covers offered to us in New York if this $300,- ment and compensation funds. The domestics in this regard. 000,000 bill as now constituted were Board is in no position to pass on the Legislatures of 37 jurisdictions have passed. New York, for example, would, needs of the various State industry dis already passed laws to protect the bene I am informed, gain $70,000,000. Think locations, as well as the State authori fit rights of men in the armed forces. of that for one moment. In that appro ties. The present system permits individ Of the remainder, 5 did not meet last .Priation of $300,000,000 New York would ual States to adjust unemployment in year. New York has such a provision get $70,000,000, whereas. we have already surance to the special conditions prevail and amendment is planned this· year to $306,000,000 surplus in the unemploy ing within their borders. adjust the provision to extended terms ment fund. If that is not a monstrosity, If any State needs help from Wash of service. I should like to know what a monstrosity ington, let it have it. The bill should be I repeat. Accord relief to workers dis is. Many ·other States are in the same .toned down to such aid. Numerous -lodged as a result of the shift from de -anomalous positioll. .They, like New States, as the war goes on, may need fense to nondefense activities. Accord York, are able to fend for themselves. 'financial help. They should have i.t, but them 26 weeks of relief benefits upward They do not need the proffered assistance. the channel for payment of unemploy to $26 a week, but do this only on condi It is being ·forced upon them. Amend ment benefits should be the State tion that in the bill 1tself there is em the bill-for example, so that States agencies. bodied protections which have been of economically secure as far as unemploy Twenty-odd States through their Gov- . fered by some 20 State administrators ment funds and insurance are concerned ernors and the heads of the State unem of unemployment and workmen's com would not participate jn the $300,000,000. ployment-insurance funds have protested pensation trust funds in 20 different These States have actually appeared and and have appeared before the Ways and States. These suggested amendments denied their need for funds and repudi Means Committee in wholesale objection were embodied in a statement issued by ate the bill as drawn. to this bill. I respectfully ask the dis the group as follows: · Mr. MAY. Mr. Chairman, will the tinguished Governor of my State, Her gentleman yield? bert H. Lehman, to come down here to A. If an appropriation is made for sup Mr. CELLER. I yield. .plemental benefits to be handled in conjunc .washington to protest against the bill in tion with the State unemployment compen . Mr. MAY. I am just wondering if its present form, and if his engagements sation laws then the following principles under the bill mentjoned by the gentle- preclude personal appearance to send a should be adopted: . man from New York the Social Security forceful statement to the Ways and (1) The provisions of State law for deter Board might be able to talte back from Means Committee in objection to this mining eligibility, rate, waiting weeks to_ be · all of the States the funds they have for .bill now before the committee, H. R. served, disqualifications, suspensions, pen unemployment insurance. 6559,- becausee I say, and I say this ad alties, and all other provisions relating to Mr. CELLER., It is well to give study liab111ty of the State fund for benefits should visedly, his word would dramatize the be observed and no differentials should be to the ·very thing th~ geptleman proposes. opposition to the bill. There are .those created. · ~do not believe the Social ~curity Board of the Social Security Board who bav.e (2) Those persons who may be- included gave adequate thought, research, or study rather queer economic notions and they within the protection of the appropriated to the proposal they made to. our Com seek by this $300,000,000 appropriation funds who are not now included by opera mittee on Ways and Means. bill to spread their unusual sqcialization tion of State laws should be dealt with in · Belief persists; despite ·denials, that vagaries over the entire country. In.my exactly the same way as States now deal with covered workers. There should be no tie-up this bUl is another sociological move. A opinion this bill is conceived in the .wiJd,.. ·with old-age insurance records as a basis for short while ago the Tre&.sury advocated, . est imagination and, dedicated .to the ·determining amount of benefits. and.very likely still advocat~s. !ncreas~s -sheerest folly.. I .hope the Ways and .· (3)· Existing fiscal controis and· adminis in social-security taxes from 5 percent to . Means. Committee will put the quietus , · tratlve..standar.ds.should not be in,erease5i by ~lo.Percent, despite .tp.e fact that' there are :not ooly .. on ~ this .om.·which . is-sy.mpto- reason, of any-sqpplemental benefits, ·and t~e LXXXVIII--82 1298 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 16 . amount . of control now authorized by the acreage of their farms. Congress and Mr. SHAFER of Michigan. I yield to Social Security Act in the hands of the Board the people of America are entitled to a the gentleman from Michigan. should not· be increased. detailed· explanation of these loans. I Mr. HOFFMAN. As I got the gentle (4) Any funds appropriated sho'\].ld be shall insert this information in the CoN- man's figures, he stated there are 65 granted ·to the States in such a manner that . GRESSIONAL RECORD 8S farms here and the average acreage is there would be no interference with the as SOOn it is existing :fiScal relationships as contained in received. 36? the State laws. Mr. Chairman, according to the Bureau Mr. SHAFER of Michigan. That is (5) Grants for additional administrative of the Census, there were 65 farmers right. expenses should be routed through the same within the District of Columbia in 1940. Mr. HOFFMAN. That means this is channels ~s grants made pursuant to title The larger· farms, of course, are those about $10,000 to a farm? ill of the Social Security Act. owned by the Soldiers' Home and other Mr. SHAFER of Michigan. That is (6) Administrative decisions with r~spect right, or a little more than that. to liability of the Federal fund for displace institutions that are provided for by ment benef.ts should be reviewable by the the Federal Government, and therefore [Here the gavel fell.J courts in the same fashion as decisions now should not be called upon to seek assist Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yield being made ·by the several States. ance from the Farm Security Administra 3 minutes to the gentleman from Mis (7) Any additional benefits provided for in tion or any other agency. The farms of souri [Mr. COCHRAN]. the appropriation should be dealt with on a the District of Columbia are classified by Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Chairman, this basis of the existing definitions in the States the Bureau of the Census as follows: seems to be a field day. I want to sug- of "total unemployment" and should not in any way supplement or extend partial un- Under 3 acres------16 · gest to the gentleman from Michigan who 12 Will ~mployment benefits. . 3 to 9 ' acres------has just taken his seat that if he 10 to19 acres------18 look up the law and the regulations he Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 20 to 49 acres------~------: will find that the Farm Security Admin- 5 minutes to the gentleman from Michi 50 to 99 acres------3 istration is administering part of the 100 to 499 acres------gan [Mr. SHAFER]. 1 national defense housing project. For Mr. SHAFER of Michigan. Mr. Chair. 500 to 999 acres------instance, let us take the Weldon Springs, man, the people of America art. becoming According to these figures, the average Mo., plant. The Farm Security Admin;;. tax conscious. They are just beginning size of all District of Columbia farms is istration is building houses around that to realize what it means to underwrite a 36 acres. In 1935 the Bureau of the Cen great plant in St. Charles County, Mo., world-wide war for this and other na sus reported that 7.1 percent of the land for occupancy by defense workers. They tions, and at the same time, pay the tre within the District boundaries was in also are handling trailers, making loans mendous costs of their own Government farms. Of this percentage only 2,000 to defense workers to buy trailers to which have grown by leaps and bound~ acres were crop lands and 1,000 acres live in. during the New Deal administration. were pasture lands. The gentleman is confusing the regu If there is any Member here today who Mr. HOUSTON. Will the gentleman lar Farm Security Administration loans believes that the people will continue yield? with national defense housing loans. As silently to endure waste and extrava Mr. SHAFER of Michigan. I yield to far as I am concerned, I am with the gance in goyernment, I need but to re the gentleman from Kansas. gentleman as to waste and extravagance. mind him of the indignation and wrath Mr. HOUSTON. May I ask the gen I would also like to see all of this na that has descended upon us as the result tleman if he thinks the Round Table tional defense housing placed under one of the passage of an amendment to the Club of Spokane, Wash., took it as a joke head. But I. say to the gentleman that Civil Service Retirement Act which pro when the Congress of the United States part of the work is being administered by vides for the extension of social security made availa'Jle funds in the amount of the Farm Security Administration from to the President and the Congressmen. $40,000,000 for a rolling mill to roll out appropriations that we made for na In view of what has happened in con plates in that vicinity and the money tional defense housing and the money he nection with this so-called pension legis that was appropriated to build the Grand referred to as being lent in the District lation, it is not difficult for me to Visualize Coulee Dam? went for that purpose. what the people of America would think Mr. SHAFER of Michigan. And a Mr. SHAFER of Michigan. Will the and do if the newspapers of the Nation great many other expenditures that· have gentleman yield? would give as much publicity to. other been made around Spokane, Wash. abuses and misuses of the taxpayers' dol Mr. HOUSTON. I thank God the Mr. COCHRAN. I yield to the gentle lars as they did to the pensions' proVision Congress is blessed with a good memory. man from Michigan. Mr. SHAFER of Michigan. The gen of the Retirement Act. Why i the so Mr. SHAFER of Michigan. Mr. called congressional pension is not a drop Chairman, as I understand it, the work tleman from Missouri apparently mis in the bucket, so far as cost is concerned, of the Farm Security Administration is understood my statement. I stated that compared to some of the misuses that are carried on under three general divisions the report had'been made tLat so much being made of the taxpayers' dollar. which represent the immediate, the long had been lent in the District of Colum For instance, it has just come to my term, and the experimental programs of bia. I was not talking about Weldon attention that the Farm Security Ad the agency. I do not know under which Springs, Mo. If they are lending money ministration has reported loans of $799,- <>f these three genera! divisions this in Weldon Springs, Mo., and charging it 000 in the District of Columbia. Think . $799,000 in loans reported for the District to the District of Columbia, we should of it, farm loans of $799,000 in the Dis of Columbia were made, but I have asked know :bout that too. ! am asking for trict of Columbia. for this to be included in the explanation, information. I would like a full list of Mr. MAY. Will the gentleman yield? because in the past the Farm Security every name that is on this list, the name Mr. SHAFER of Michigan. I yield to Administration has exhibited a tendency of every man or women who has received the gentleman from Kentucky. in allowing practices-such as paying loans from the Federal Government in Mr. MAY. I suppose that includes the poll taxes in Southern States-which, to the District of Columbia or from the Farm Mall area down here below the Capitol? say the least, are manifestly not within Security Administration in the District Mr. SHAFER of Michigan. Perhaps the intent and scope of the legislation of Columbia. We are entitled to know passed by the Congress. that. I am not talking about Weldon that is included. I do not know. On the Springs, Mo. . face of it it appears to me that the boys Giving credit where it is due, I am ad of Spokane, Wash., who originated the vised that $47,000 of the amount reported Mr. COCHRAN. Does not the gentle campaign to send bundles to Congress to have been loaned by the Farm Secu man know that there are national defense should have included the gentlemen rity Administration within the District of workers in the District of Columbia? farmers of the District of Columbia. Columbia has been paid back. Mr. SHAFER of Michigan. What has Now, I do not know who these District I believe the taxpayers of America the Farm Security Administration to do of Columbia farmers are, but I have today realize that we cannot win this war if we with that? requested the Farm Security Administra are to continue this boondoggling and Mr. COCHRAN. My answer is they tion to furnish me with a complete list waste on the home front. Let us put a are administering a part nf the national of the farmers of the District of Colum stop to it. defense building program. bia who have received loans and grants, Mr. HOFFMAN. Will the gentleman Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I .yield the amounts they have received; and the yield? myself 10 seconds. 1942 CONGRI~SSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1299. Mr. Chairman, I just wart those who as natives, German expeditionary forces registering them for service on the same read this record to know that none of wearing the garb of tourists are not part basis. what the recent speakers have been talk of the "game" as military strategists These incidents do not build confidence ing about, nor funds for any of the things learned it in the textbooks of their acad in our armed services. The job cannot they are talking about here, and over emies. The sooner our people and our be done efficiently and wisely until we which they are getting into arguments, leaders recognize that there is nothing to replace confusion with system. are in this bill. which the enemy will not stoop to gain its Under these circumstances it is no Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, I yield objectives, the sooner shall we launch the wonder that our Federal officials are 15 minutes to the gentleman from Ohio kind of offensive necessary to win this worried about national morale. The peo~ [Mr. BENDER]. war. pie of our country do not believe that Mr. BENDER. Mr. Chairman, this This is no time for our generals and we mean business. Our Federal Govern~ week in Washington the realities of the admirals to stand on their rank. If they ment is still spending billions of dollars World War came home with crushing are not big enough spiritually to recog annually on nondefense business. It is force. The fall of. Singapore and the in nize. the absolute necessity for subordi hiring more and more people every .day, creased danger to General MacArthur nating personal ambitions and the in to do jobs that have nothing to do with and his men have strengthened our deter tegrity· of their individual services to the. war. It is pushing plans for building. mination to strike telling· blows in return. cause we are serving,. they do not belong· projects like the St. Lawrence waterway. It is about time we got good and mad. in our leadership. The American people that will take 7 years to-finish and will I have been astonished at the overconfi do not want, ·and will not tolerate, an use thousands of tons of steel necessary dence of our people. There has been so other Pearl Harbor. We are determined for ships and tanks. No one can be little indignation at the tactics of our that the kind of divided leade.rship which blamed for taking this war pretty smugly enemy that it is almost unb~lievable. left the British in their deadly peril at when Congress votes itself pensions dur Even the cowardly, underhanded trick of Dunkirk shall not be repeated at the ex ing the midst of the fighting. When our the Japanese in their raid on Pearl Har pense of our men. We have learned a boys are getting $21 a month to risk their. bor has been almost forgotten. It should few things from the conduct of this war. lives this is no time. for such legislation. not be forgotten. It should be remem We have learned that every weapon, Neither is this a time . for -dancers and bered day and night until it can be every man, every surprise which can be movie stares and Mickey Mouse to get avenged. thrown at .the enemy must be employed. on the Federal pay roll. It is a good We know we are a powerful nation. We But we have learned too that no amount time to get right down to brass tacks know that we have the means of winning of men, no equipment, no strategy will be in every department of our Government. any war in our tremendous manpower, in successful unless it is developed by coordi One of the good things that happened our vast industrial machinery. But we nated, effective leadership. in Washington last week was the resigna must recognize that these things are not The United Nations are talking about tion of Mayor LaGuardia as head of our· enough in thems ~lves . They must be unified command of their combined Civilian Defense Organizaticn. Mr. La· mobilized. Our planes, our ships, our forces. We must have a commander in Guardia has more than enough work to tanks, our men, must get to the right chief of those forces as well to weld our do right in his own city of New York. places at the right time. It is obvious navies, armies, and air fleets into a unit Just getting that huge town ready for the today that the only nation which has of dynamic, irresistible fighting power. serious business of air raids should be a managed to get there "fastest with the The same problem of inefficient organ full-time. job. James Landis, of the Har .. most men" is Russia. Whatever the diffi ization is still present in our induction vard Law School, has been given Mayor culties ahead; we must start doing the set-up. A young man connected with LaGuardia's place. I believe that an same thing. my office enlisted in the Army during the Army man would have been a better se And the fi1·st thing we have to do is to first week in January. He was sent down lection. Somebody who has been across bring our preparations up to date. It is to Fort Hayes for assignment. He has to London and Moscow, somebody who a sad commentary on the state of our b~en there ever since waiting for part of knows the necessity for a smoothly oper military affairs that today, 2 months after his uniform. A doctor and his wife were ating unit, somebody who understands Pearl Harbor and 14 months after our stationed at Columbus several months fire fighting and bomb dodging would be. boys b3gan their compulsory training, we ago by the Army medical staff. Right better than Mr. Landis. But we must be still have divided commands in our armed after Pearl Harbor the doctor was called thankful for even relatively slight im· forces. Our Army, NaYy, and Marines are fn by his commandil1g officer. "Get provements. still working on their traditional individ ready to leave for immediate service; you There have been a few other feeble ualistic basis. Instead of a one-man have 6 hours' time," he was told. The rays of sunshine bursting through the head to coordinate the work of our fight doctor's wife came from New York City. gloom of international events this week. ing men, just as Donald Nelson is coor The Army got her a railroad ticket. They A large part of America's answer to the dinating om· production, our land opera sent over an orderly to help pack the challenge of the dictators will be written tions and m1r naval plans are still being trunks. · '£hey were· in so great a hurry in Detroit. This week Detroit went on developed by their separate departmental that the doctor did not even have time to all-out wartime. Every automobile man• heads. They confer on policies, but the close up his apartment. All this was ufacturer in America has stopped pro tremendous gain which always comes done for him.· By evening his wife was ducing pleasure cars. The 9-month job from fixed responsibility is just not there. on the way to New York, and he was of converting their plants from peace~ Whatever possible justification there speeding across the country to San Fran time uses to war production is under way, _ may exist for maintaining the separation cisco. He is still there, although more When it is completed we shall be turning of our several military establishments in than 8 weeks have gone by, without a out an unbeatable supply of armaments. time of peace, there· can be none what single assignment for duty. Five hun Until that time it is our job to hang on ever in time of actual combat. The PQS dred other officers and doctors are sta grimly wherever we can, t·o keep on pray.. sibilities of misunderstanding where two tioned with him, doing nothing but wait ing for the success of our MacArthurs groups are simultaneously seeking the ing orders. The famous Lakeside Hos everywhere. same objectives are completely eliminated pital unit was assembled in a great hurry Mr. H. CARL 4NDERSEN. Mr. Chair~ where one responsible head plans the en one day a few weeks back. They rushed man, will the gentleman yield? tire action. It would seem obvious after out of Cleveland, ready for action. They Mr. BENDER. I yield to the gentle~ Pearl Harbor that the division of author got a long train ride. First they were man from Minnesota. ity prevalent there was a large contribut sent down·South, to Fort Bragg in North Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. I believe ing factor in the losses sustained by our Carolina, and thez:l almost immediately the gentleman from Ohio will admit that fleet. thereafter across the country to the west we have also learned one thing-that we These are days when the sacred cows of coast. One hundred and sixty-five den were very foolish to continue the ship .. military usage must be thrown out of the tists are in the Army serving as privates; ments of fuel oil to a prospective enemy,· window. This is not a gentlemen's war. doing absolutely nothing connected with even practically up to the attack at Pearl Sneak attacks, unprecedented· tactics, their professions, when they could be far Harbor. Japanese dropping like savage animals more intelligently used as dentists. Mr. BENDER. Not only fuel oil, but from Malayan trees, warriors disguised Draft boards are calling in doctors and we called the attention of the Congress 1300 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY. 16-. on numerous occasions to the millions of We must learn something from those The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there tons of scrap iron that were shipped to whose methods we abhor in this respect. objection to the request of the gentleman our potential enemy. They have learned how to teach through from New York? Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. If the gen devices we do not choose to emulate. We. There was no objection. tleman will permit, I may say · that I need to achieve some of the results which PERMISSION TO FILE REPORT personally addressed the Hou~e on May 9 they have realized. When our people, objecting to the increased shipment of young and old, really and truly under Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Mr. fuel oil to Japan. stand the meaning and significance of Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that Mr. BENDER. No one doubts that their. country there will be an end to the Committee on Foreign Affairs may there are difiicult days ahead. We are strikes by labor, resistance by capital, and have until midnight tonight to file a re not completely prepared for them, but indifference throughout the land. port on Senate Joint Resolution 133. we are learning fast. One of the things Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Chairman, I ask The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there we are learning is the strength of educa unanimous consent to revise and extend objection to the request of the gentleman tion as a force in national affairs. the remarks I made today. from Texas? Much as we dislike the communistic The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection There was no objection. form of government, with its ban upon to the request of the gentleman from EXTENSION OF REMARKS Missouri? free speech and free thought, there is no Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Speaker, I ask denying that the Russian defense against There was no objection. Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to extend my remarks Hitler's invasion has been a demonstra in the RECORD at the point indicated dur tion of magnificent preparation and out that the Clerk read the bill. The Clerk read down to and including ing my remarks today by inserting an standing heroism. Every reporter on the extract from the hearings. Russian front has discussed the amaz line 7 on page 1. Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chair-nan, I move ·The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there ingly high morale of its Army. The objection to the request of the gentleman source of Russian endurance seems to be that the Committee do now rise. The motion was agreed to. from Michigan? xn.ore than physical equipment. The There was no objection. Russians know what. they are- fighting Accordingly the Committee rose; and for. Mr. McCoRMAcK having assumed the chair LEAVE OF ABSENCE We might do well i! we were to make as Speaker pro tempore, Mr. LUTHER A. By unanimous consent, leave of ab an effort to teach our young people ex JoHNSON, Chairman of the Committee of sence was granted as follows: actly what our country is fighting for. the Whole House on the state of the To Mr. CoLE of Maryland, indefinitely, Throughout our entire Nat.ion there is a Union, reported that that Committee, on account of illness. spirit of downright complacency. We are having had under consideration the SENATE BILLS REFERRED State, Justice, Commerce, and the Judi the biggest nation on earth. Nothing Bills of the Senate of the following· can happen to us. We knew that we ciary appropriation bill for the fiscal year 1943, had come to no resolution thereon. titles were taken from the Speaker's table have the capacity to turn out tremen and, under the rule, referred as follows: dous quantities of weapons and materials OFFICERS' RESERVE CORPS OF THE ARMY of war. These are comforth1g thoughts S. 1424. An act for the relief of Mary J .. but, in themselves, do not guarantee vic Mr. MAY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani Crabtree; to. the Committee on Claims. mous consent to take from the Speaker's S. 1669. An act for the relief of james tory. Without the will to fight for what table the bill (S. 1891) to amend an act Franklin Smith; to the Committee on Claims. we have, there can be no assurance of to provide allowances for uniforms and S. 1694. An act for the relief of Mrs. Claud Ultimate success. We are taking too equipment for certain ofiicers of the Of Tuck; to the Committee on Claims. many things for grante>d. We are too ficers' Reserve Corps of the Army so as S. 1757. An act for the -relief of Clyde Kin little concerned with our traditions of gery; to the Committee on Claims. to provide allowances for uniforms and S. 1765. An act for the relief of the 'minor life and freedom. equipment for certain ofiicers of the Our young Americans know a great children of Mrs. Jesus Zamora Felix, deceased; Army of the United States, with House to the Committee on Claims. deal about ancient and m~dieval history amendments, insist on the House amend S. 1899. An act for the relief of Lawrence and too little about Ameriran history. ments and agree to the conference asked Brizendine; to the Committee on Claims. In the high schools of many States the by the Senate. S. 1993. An act for the relief of Pasqualma curriculum calls for one-half year of The 8PEAKER pro tempore