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Irish Genealogy There's hope from the ocean but none from the grave. - an Irish emigrant's proverb. www.dennisAhogan.com Part II: Irish Name Variations & Irish Records Western New York Genealogical Society, http://www.wnygs.org/ 22 March 2014 Dennis Hogan, www.dennisAhogan.com www.dennisAhogan.com Slides are Online • At www.dennisAhogan.com, click on Lectures and Handouts tab • More detailed handouts are also available at the same website: – Course III – Irish Name Variations – Course II – Searching Irish Records for Your Ancestors www.dennisAhogan.com What’s the problem with searching Irish records First? • Irish records usually require knowledge of specific geographic info for your family (County is NOT enough). – Solution: Use US records to discover specific geographic info for your family in Ireland • All Irish families seem to use the same group of names for their children. – Solution: Use US records to develop a knowledge base of “identifiers” about your family and especially your immigrant ancestor. www.dennisAhogan.com Traditional Irish Naming Pattern • Sons' Names – First Son named after Paternal Grandfather – Second Son named after Maternal Grandfather – Third Son named after Father – Fourth Son named after Father's Oldest Brother – Fifth Son named after Mother's Oldest Brother – Sixth Son named after Father's Second Oldest Brother • Daughters' Names – First Daughter named after Maternal Grandmother – Second Daughter named after Paternal Grandmother – Third Daughter named after Mother – Fourth Daughter named after Mother's Oldest Sister – Fifth Daughter named after Father's Oldest Sister – Sixth Daughter named after Mother's Second Oldest Sister www.ocgsny.net 5 www.dennisAhogan.com Irish Name Variations • Much of this material is drawn from Official Varieties and Synonymes of Surnames and Christian Names in Ireland by Robert Matheson which is available at books.google.com. www.dennisAhogan.com Some Prefixes and Affixes served to differentiate families with common surnames Prefixes - 3 forms: without prefix with prefix prefix incorporated Guinness McGuinness Maginnis Reilly O’Reilly Harris FitzHarris Feeharry Hunt De La Hunt Delahunt Clair St. Clair Sinclair Prefixes – Replacing the Surname: without prefix with prefix prefix as surname Lavery Baun-Lavery Baun Lavery Roe-Lavery Roe Lavery Hard-Lavery Hardy Xxx McXxx/MacXxx Mack Xxx FitzXxx Fitz Affixes – Replacing the Surname: without affix with affix affix as surname Ryan Ryan (Magrath) Magrath www.dennisAhogan.com Some Prefixes and Affixes served to differentiate families with common surnames The prefix/affix was often the father's or mother's Christian name, the mother's maiden name or the grandfather's Christian name. Other additions were related to personal characteristics, locality or occupation. First name Surname Father’s name (prefix) John Daniel Murphy Daniel Murphy (affix) Tom Joyce (Martin) Martin Joyce (omit surname) Johnny O’John John Sullivan John Williams William Sullivan www.dennisAhogan.com Names Used Interchangeably Trin-Lavery vs Armstrong (-language translation) Johnson (son of John) vs McShane (son of Shane - Irish for John) Edmundson (son of Edmond) vs McAimon (son of Aimon - Irish for Edmond) Hewson vs McHugh English Form Anglicized Irish Form Irish Words Bird Heany, Henehan, McEneany ean = bird Smith Gow, Gowan, McGowan gobha = a smith www.dennisAhogan.com Letter Variations Initial Letter Variations namel name2 Dropped following prefix McClure McLure Substitution following prefix Mcllmoyle McElmoyle Transposed following prefix McElroy McLeroy Repeat C after Mc McArdle McCardle Substitution Carr Kerr Phelan Whelan Dropped Ahearn Hearn Added Hammond Whammond Second Letter Variations namel name2 Vowel change Laughlin Loughlin Mulligan Milligan Vowel dropped Eagan Egan www.dennisAhogan.com Letter Variations 2"d/3^d Letter Variations namel name2 Vowel change Reid Read Rorke Rourke Vowel transposition Reilly Rielly Other Letter Variations namel name2 Consonants dropped Thompson Thomson Consonants repeated Mathews Matthews Interchangeable consonants Fraser Frazer Interchangeable syllables Doherty Dougherty Syllables omitted/contracted Donnellan Donlan www.dennisAhogan.com Letter Variations Terminal Letter Variations namel name2 Interchangeable, y for ey Mahony Mahoney Dropped Boland Bolan Added Sloan Sloane Added final s Connor Connors www.dennisAhogan.com Irish Records Griffith's Primary Valuation (1844 - 1864, varies by county) o Free site: http://www.askaboutireland.ie/griffith-valuation/ Census & Census Substitutes (~1600s - 1911) o See Grenham & Ryan books Civil Registrations (birth/marriage/death 1864 – present, non-Catholic marriages from 1845) o Index (1845-1958 free at https://www.familysearch.org/s/collection/li st#page=1&countryId=1927084) www.dennisAhogan.com Irish Records Church Records (~1760 – present) o Heritage Centres have indexed many, some you can search for free at http://www.rootsireland.ie/ . More details at http://www.dennisAhogan.com/files/Heritage-Centres.pdf Cemetery Records o No central repository, a good starting point: http://www.irishtimes.com/ancestor/browse/records/graveyard/ www.dennisAhogan.com Irish Records Land Records, Estate Records, and Wills may include info about those of all financial levels. British Records. Since Ireland was part of the United Kingdom until 1922, British repositories and websites often include Irish info. Many Irish lived in England at some point Many Irish served in British military or police forces. www.dennisAhogan.com Up and Coming Opportunities • Ireland Reaching Out Project (http://www.irelandxo.com) – Begun as a pilot project in SE Galway in 2010, there is now a country-wide network of volunteer researchers in each civil parish. – If you know your ancestral civil parish, you can seek FREE assistance at http://www.irelandxo.com/group • 1926 Irish Census – There is a proposed law to make the 1926 Census available now rather than in 2026. www.dennisAhogan.com Basic Name & Search Tips • Don't assume 1 given name is used in all records (nicknames/synonyms, middle names) • Nicknames/synonyms: BJ, Delia or Biddy for Bridget • "Mc is Irish, Mac is Scottish" - Wrong! Mc & Mac are legitimate prefixes for both Irish & Scottish. • For females, do a separate search with maiden name and with all married names. www.ocgsny.net 17 www.dennisAhogan.com Basic Name & Search Tips • Alternate Forms for Given Names (another file on my website), examples: – Abbreviation, Jno. – Nickname, Nabby – Synonym, Delia – Irish, Alaois – Latin, Ioannes www.ocgsny.net 18 www.dennisAhogan.com Irish Records • During the 1922 Civil War, the Public Record Office in Dublin was destroyed. Records lost: Pre-1858 wills and administrations (most did not have wills) Copies of some of these wills exist as well as indexes. 1821 to 1851 census records (1861 - 1891 were "pulped") About half of the Church of Ireland parish registers (Church of Ireland represented about 10% of the population) www.dennisAhogan.com 19 Searching Irish records when you’re in Ireland • Free Genealogy Advisory Service The National Library of Ireland (Kildare Street, Dublin) http://www.nli.ie/en/genealogy-advisory-service.aspx The National Archives (Bishop Street, Dublin) http://www.nationalarchives.ie/genealogy/service.html • Public Record Office Northern Ireland, PRONI (Titanic Boulevard, Belfast) http://www.proni.gov.uk/index/new_to_archives.htm www.dennisAhogan.com 20 Books for Irish Genealogy • These books are sometimes cited as go to resources for Irish research. Mitchell, Brian. A New Genealogical Atlas of Ireland. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1986). Probably the best aid to sorting out Administrative Division issues - includes maps. Grenham, John. Tracing Your Irish Ancestors: The Complete Guide (3rd ed. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, Ltd., 2006). Significant free content is available at http://www.irishtimes.com/ancestor/sitemap.htm Ryan, James G. Irish Records: Sources for Family & Local History (rev. ed. Salt Lake City, Utah; Ancestry, 1997). www.dennisAhogan.com 21 Administrative Divisions & Place Names • (http://www.irish-place-names.com/) • Province (4) - Connaught, Leinster, Munster, Ulster • County (32) Connaught - Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon, Sligo Leinster - Carlow, Dublin, Kildare, Kilkenny, Leix (Queens), Longford, Louth, Meath, Offaly (Kings), Westmeath, Wexford, Wicklow Munster - Clare, Cork, Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary, Waterford Ulster – Antrim(NI), Armagh(NI), Cavan, Donegal, Down(NI), Fermanagh(NI), Londonderry(NI), Monaghan, Tyrone(NI) www.dennisAhogan.com 22 Administrative Divisions & Place Names • Barony (270) - collection of civil parishes (or parts) http://www.seanruad.com/ for baronies within counties • Civil Parish (2,508 - these are not church parishes) - Repositories often catalogued by civil parish http://www.irishtimes.com/ancestor/browse/counties /civilmaps/index.cfm or http://www.seanruad.com/ for parishes within counties • Townland (~64,000) - Smallest official geographic unit, but doesn't have it's own government. Townland indexes: http://www.seanruad.com/ or http://www.searchforancestors.com/locality/ireland/townlands.html www.dennisAhogan.com 23 Administrative Divisions & Place Names • Poor Law Union (163) - Poor Law Act of 1838, unions of townlands responsible for poor. Each had a workhouse. For PLUs within counties http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Irish_Poor_Law_Unions • Superintendent Registrar’s Districts (245) – used in Civil Registration Indexes http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~bifhsusa/irishregnc.html
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