Fort Foster ^ B AND/OR HISTORIC: W:''Jfe>\^ Fort FQS+"^R, C^Rop Footer, Fort, Alabama R /^/ Ill! |||||||I^P||||||||^Jp;Ilbiilfci F STREET and NUMBER: ^/ C

$Fort Foster ^ B AND/OR HISTORIC: W:''Jfe>\^ Fort FQS+"^R, C^Rop Footer, Fort, Alabama R /^/ Ill! |||||||I^P||||||||^Jp;Ilbiilfci F STREET and NUMBER: ^/ C$

Form 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR £ STATE: (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Florida c:OUNTY: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HIS TORIC PLACES Hillsboroucrh INVENTORY - NOMINAT ION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ^___-__

ENTRY NUMBER x^ \ ^DJA JT 4-£j (Type all entries — complete app licable sections) /\}}y ^•:-\<-:-y.\'.\y.-yy.-'.\'.\yy.:'^ X'X-x-x-x-x-x-x x-x-X'X-x-xvX :-:-:x:x:::>x-x: x-:'x:x : : :xox :>x :>:::::::::: V\ Plllilltlll^^ m^^^^^m^mm^^^-:-.'"" """'"""" • ' 7l;.v' r^' -^^Mn^m %?<$, COMMON: ~^i <^ Q'Z Fort Foster ^ b AND/OR HISTORIC: W:''jfe>\^ Fort FQS+"^r, C^rop Footer, Fort, Alabama r /^/ ill! |||||||i^p||||||||^jp;ilBiilfci F STREET AND NUMBER: ^/ C. 9 miles south of Zephyrhills, SEk, S.9 , T27S, R21E ^^LDi- CITY OR TOWN: Zephyrhills Vicinity S T A T £ "* —' CODE COUNTY: CODE Flori da 12 Hill sborough 057 jillliS c TATMC ACCESSIBLE CATEGORY OWNERSH.P (Check One) STATUS TO THE PUBLIC

d District Q Building D Public Public Acquisition: d Occupied Yes: Kn 1 1 • j Q Restricted S Site Q Structure £H Private jjp In Process |X] Unoccupied it-1 .— , B d Unrestricted d Object d Both d Being Considered |_ | rreservation work in progress ' — '

PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate)

§2 Agricultural | | Government Q ] Park Q ] Transportation 0 Comments

d Commercial 1 1 Industrial Q | Private Residence Q ] Other (Specify) part pf d Educational d Mi itary Q Religious cattle 1 1 Entertainment d Museum Q Scientific ranch

OWNER'S NAME: ISTAT ^d Mr T Robert Thomas M STREET AND NUMBER: o H-M p , n . ROX F, a CITY OR TOWN: STATE: CODE PJ Tamper Florida 12 (111 -S- COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC: H- n O I-1 c Hi 11 sborough County Courthouse M 7 STREET AND NUMBER: cn H cr < 0 Cl TY OR TOWN: STATE CODE n 0 Tampa Florida 12 *a-c tr *x^ ^-mmmmmmmmmmmmmwmm III•••••I^^^^Mll^^^^^^^^K m:mtmmmmmmmmmmmmwmm TITLE OF SURVEY: ENTR Florida Archaeological Survey ~n DATE OF SURVEY: 1971 d Federal 1£ State d County d Loca O i Z 70 DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: UMBE 2 TJ cn Division of Archives, History, and E.ecords Management (~ en STREET AND NUMBER: m O Department of State - The Capitol r~Z STATE: -< 0 Flo-ri Ha 12 > —Tallahassee ———————————————————— H m (Check One) Excellent Good Fair Deteriorated Ruins Unexposed CONDITION (Check One) (Check One)

Altered Q Unaltered Moved |33 Original Site

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (if known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

The site of Fort Foster is located on the south bank of the Hillsborough River, approximately 21 miles northeast of Tampa. The extant vegetation on the site includes pine, cypress, live oak and other hardwoods and scrub palmetto. The area on the north bank of the Hillsborough River, facing the site of Fort Foster, exhibits typical hammock vegetation. The overstory of the pines and hardwoods on the site has effectively reduced the understory growth, producing an environmental setting very similar to the original situation. A contemporary plat of Fort Foster indicates the presence of the fort and a dense hammock on the north bank of the river. Cypress stands of varying density were also reported for the area. (Sprague, 1848; 368-371). Very little disturbance has been noted for the Fort Foster site since its abandonmentin.the mid-19th Century. The major disruptive activities within the site area occurred during the early part of the Twentieth Century, but apparently did not affect the cultural data contained in the site. These activities included the grazing of large sheep herds on the site, timbering of the pine and cypress stands, and the con struction of the railroad immediately west of the site area. The railroad is located approximately %-mile west of the site and the tracks are currently being removed. Fort Foster appears to have been a square fqrj^ification,

withLI— —————— r the... .- - --•^^•***^-'Y"*"cornersjn '""'""••'"'"'"•— roughlyoriehted ----- .---.~v*x-.4j* - -' -• «f< --*'••» *- •£A -M * ""-• - V1 'to•—-..,---,. the-. -»-^v-.-..^,-,, fourt_, livi... _ ^_cardinal _ _ _ . ^^ di-

rections.n 1 ^r ,J^__--J.-<«f.«t™»uaui^«imJ*! The,____»....,,„. east. ^., _ .. . -*. and. -•.•—.---——, ,. .„west - corners posses-L seaopposirfcfJ_ A.____ -/ ^>jljiL^Q&£L and^_the main_£ate was^In^ ..the_^sgJiE51as£raTl T The fort also contai'ned" a'"magazine and storehouse f probably con- struc€ed"6~£ eitlier pine or "cypfessl The fort palisades were »w-j«^«——-^-*--•"•-" -•-"•- -• -•' •*"••- --'-"r--. ——— .__ i . . ...„,_...... „ .... .,_,... ..,r^.-._ .— ,...... _,_,. .'., „,.-.. •* r~f - rf .

G Pre-Columbian! G 16th Century Q 18th Century 20th Century

. G 15th Century G 17th Century XJ 19th Century

SPECIFIC DATE(S) (If Applicable and Known)

AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE ( Check One or More as Appropriate)

Abor iginal I I Education G Political || Urban Planning

| | Prehistoric | | Engineering G Religion/Phi- G Other (Specify)

(3 Historic | | Industry losophy

| | Agriculture | | Invention G Science

| | Architecture I | Landscape [ | Sculpture

G Art Architecture | | Social/Human

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Fort Foster was erected in_ r^ec^mber',______cpmmand, jof Jtt&^Col-. Willl^in^S~F>sterjdnder orders^_from General T.S. Jesup. This fofi:'was~T6cated on the south BaliK""6£ "the^Hilisborough River, immediately west of the old Ft. King Road. / In an order dated July 3, 1837, Foster enumerates those forces instrumental in the construction of I- Fort Foster. An excerpt from this order reads: U "With the work itself, the commanding officer is completely satisfied, and he un hesitatingly pronounces it one of the strongest and best field fortifications ever erected (against Indians) on this continent. The troops composing the command which (under the orders of Lt. Co. Foster) erected Ft. Foster, on the Hillsborough River, in LU December, 1836, were 320 strong, and consisted LJ of the following corps: 1st Battalion. 3 Companies of the 3rd Regiment of Artillery; and Lt. Irvin's Company Washington City Volunteers. Brevet Major W. L. McClintock, commanding. 2nd Battalion. 3 Companies 4th Infantry, Capt. G.W. Alien commanding in the first instance, and until relieved by Major George Birch, of the same Regiment. Capt. Lyon's Company of the 3rd. Regiment of Artillery, commanded by himself, and doing duty as Artillery proper, Battery, one six pounder; the piece, while on the march, was extremely well horsed, and well conducted; it could keep pace with the 4th Regiment. At a later period, the whole left wing has performed a march from 17 to 22 miles by one, see attached sheet

LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROPERTY DEFINING THE CENTER POINT OF A PROPERTY OF LESS THAN TEN ACRES

LATITUDE LONGITUDE L ATI TUDE LONGI TUDE

Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds NW 428 ° 09- 01" W82 o 13 • 14 NE 09- 01- W82 ° 12 • 59» SE 028 ° 08' 50- W82 - 12 • 59- _SW_ W82 o 13 . 14. AP P RO XIM A TE ATED PROPERTY: Approximately 3D ILIST ALL STATES AN E&U3UN Tl EFO^R PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE <%R COUNTY BOUNDARIES ______!;£——i>< V—_Q——————\,S \—————————————.——————————i—————————————————————————————————————————————————

NAME AND TITLE: Daniel T. Penton, Historic Sites Specialist ORGANI ZATION Division of Archives, History, Records Mgt April 1972 STREET AND NUMBER: Department of State - The Capitol CITY OR TOWN: TATE Tallahassee Florida J_2_

As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na I hereby certify that this property is included in the tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion National Register. in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the Rational Park Service. The recommended Chief, Office of Archeology and Histori/f Preservation level of significance ofcthis nomination is: National O'v'Stete Fl Local

Date

ATTEST:

Title State Liaison Officer Keeper of The National Register 7 Date May 10, 1972 Date

GP 0 901-087 FORT FOSTER 8/23/74

3. Ownership: Trustees of the Internal Improvement State of Florida Elliott Building Tallahassee, Florida Maintained by: Division of Recreation & Parks Department of Natural Resources Larson Building Tallahassee, Florida Public or Private? Public

5. Present Use: Historical research and archaeological excavation has just been completed and plans are now underway to develop the site as a state park with interpretive installations. Form 10-300o UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Florida

T NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Hillsborough INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBER (Continuation Sheet)

(Number all entries)

1. DESCRIPTION. southeast of the wagon line was the barrack area. This was "composed of two lines of tents parallel with the axis of the wagon line. The outside tent line (i.e. the line furthermost to the southeast) was more closely spaced than the interior line. Campfires were placed both between the two lines of tents and outside the exterior tent line. A log bastion was constructed at each end_jDf_Jthe barrack jgosition. This entire area appears to have been enclosed by some type of picket line which intersected the fort at THe east and west bastions. Some distance southeast of ~€He Barrack lines was a row of fortified locations referred to as n sinques (sinks) fortified." These probably repre sent advanced breastworks of earth, possibly manned by sentries. Surrounding"~tEe entire encampment was a series of large fires which probably prevented night infiltra tions of the defense system. (Foster, M.S.)- The original bridge across the Hillsborough River was located approximately 200 yards upriver from the Fort Foster bridge. This bridge was constructed at the same time the Fort King Road was opened, but was subse quently destroyed by the SeminoJLes. (McCall, 1868:189-190). The remains of this bridge are still visible.

GPO 921.724 Form 10-300a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Florida NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY Hillsborough INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY (Continuation Sheet) ENTRY NUMBER 1972 (Number all entries) JUN 13

8. SIGNIFICANCE. and half past one, in the afternoon (Army and Navy Chronicle, 1837:116)." Fort Foster was the second military fortification to beacon's true ted adjacent to the^ Hi^jLs^b]3rough cro£sing of the Fort King Road. The "fir st was" For£ Alabama,"" built during March, 1836j_ as a tempor^r^,.p_j;ac.e_ T5pr"ague, 1848:144) . This post was garrisoned with a force of 70 or 80 men, with Capt. Marks commanding (Cohen, 1836:191): "On the 27th March, this garrison was attacked simultaneously, on every side, by about two hundred Indians. They caught one man outside of the pickets, and killed and scalped him. A steady fire was kept up for two hours, during which they discharged as many (as a) thousand balls at the fort (Ibid)." The vulnerability of this fortification wa_s illustrated by the constant Indian attacks. As a consequence, Col . William Lindsay ordered the_ abandon ment" oT"Fort Alabama in April, 1836. This operation was undertaken on April 27 , and included the removal or destruction of all supplies. The fort, however, was left standing, but the gate was booby-trapped with a cord connected to the trigger of a musket; the barrel of which had been placed in a keg of gunpowder. Approximately thirty minutes after Fort Alabama was abandoned, the garrison witnessed a loud explosion in the vicinity of the fort. A subsequent revisit of the fort revealed that the explosion had succeeded in knocking down all vestiges of the standing fortification, but exhibited no evidence of Indian casualties (Mahon, 1967:160-161; Cohen, 1836). As previously stated, Fort Foster was constructed ^uringMDecember, 1^6. The destruction of the insecure Fort "Alabama, in M<=&ch, 1836, had eliminated a crucial supply depot. In order to alleviate this need, Lt. Col. William S. Foster was ordered to build a series of forti fications which were to serve as garrisoned supply depots The fortification, which was J^uilt on the site of old Fort Alabama, was evidently a Inodel frontier fort. The quality of " this post was impressive, and was named Fort Foster in honor of the commanding officer of the construction forces (Army and Navy Chronicle, 1837:106). Form 10-300o UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Floirda NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM Hillsborough FOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBER (Continuation Sheet) JlW 1 3 (Number all entries)

8. (b) SIGNIFICANCE. Foster departed from Fort Foster on December 22, 1836, leaving Major W. L. McClintock in command of the post (Army and Navy Chronicle, 1837:10, 106). On December 23, 1836, Major General T. S. Jesup, Commanding Officer of the Army of the South, visited Fort Foster and stated that an "abundant depot" had been established there (Army and Navy Chronicle, 1837:47). ^The fort _was; con tinually occupied and maintained as a supply depot until ^SiililL^ it-. was Jt^mP°rarily abahdoh'ecT because of sd.clcnessm. (Ibid: 203). The fort apparently femaTne'ct vacant until Noy^mber^_ JL§J3 7, when it and Fort Dade were rêoccupied by" "a portion of the Artillery." (Op. Cit:381) Fort Foster ceased full-time service in July, 1838, but saw brief, sefvajcel.ijx,JL841-42 and TST9. (Historical Information Relating to Military Posts and Other Installa tions c. 1700-1900:284, 290). One of the the more unusual incidents to transpire at Fort Foster was the garrisoning of sailors under the command of Commodore Dallas to man the fort. This action released available Army personnel from post duty and allowed more intensive patrols into Indian strongholds.(Mahon, 1967) Summary Fort Foster is probably Qne^^___Êx..be^t_extaiLt examples of a Second êminole War post. The site loca tion has BeenHwre'IT documented, and *Tt appears to con tain a completely undisturbed archaeological component. In addition, the supportive archival materials are quite numerous. The combination of intensive archival research and competent archaeological excavations should result in a vivid picture o£ life at a frontier fort during the Second Seminole War. The present environmental situation of the fort site enhances both the aesthetic and historical value. The phy sical remains of the two bridges are readily^visible, as is tKe_jDld "Fort King Road. THe"*'v'egeta"'tI'6i:r*aTso~"a^pea:c^~;Eo "approximate the description given by the occupants and visitors of the fort during the 1830's. Form 10-300a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Florida NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Hillsborough INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBER (Continuation Sheet) JUN 1372; (Number all entries) 8. (c) SIGNIFICANCE. A wealth of artifactual material has recently been recovered from that portion of the Hillsborough River which borders the site of Fort Foster. This material includes kaolin pipes, leather shoes, bone toothbrushes, eye glasses, military buttons (including Naval insignias), harness hardware, spurs, various types of ordnance, pocket knives, and tools. The provenience of this material, along with the remains of the two bridges, leaves little doubt that this was the site of Fort Foster. The Randolph Map of 1843 re-enforces this assumption by de picting Fort Foster in this same location. The historic value of this site is well known among the professional community in Florida, ^and is currently being considered for state acquisition as part of our Bicentennial activities./ The acquisition of this site will allow in-depth excavations and a thorough inter pretation of this valuable segment of Florida's past. This site has produced much data in the way of artifacts, but it still contains the potential for producing structural as well as additional archaeological data.

GP 0 921-724 Form 10-300a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Florida NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Hillsborough INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY (Continuation Sheet) JUN 1972: (Number alt entries)

9. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES. Army and Navy Chronicle. (No. 5, Washington, D. C., 1837), pp. 10, 47, 106, 116, 203. Cohen, Myer M. Notices of Florida and the Campaigns, Facsimile of 1836 edition. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1964. McCall, George A. Letters from the Frontiers. Philadelphia, 1868. Mahon, John K. History of the Second Seminole War. Gainesville!University of Florida Press, 1967. Manuscript material relating to Fort Foster. Microcopy No. 661, Roll #2, C-E, Florida State Library, Tallahassee, Florida. "Plat Map of Ft. Foster, 1' (in the possession of William S. Foster, descendant of Col. Foster, Louisville, Kentucky.) Randolph, A. M. "Survey Map of T.27S, R.21E," 1843. Tax Assessor's Office, Hillsborough County Court House, Tampa, Florida. Sprague, John T. The Florida War, Facsimile of 1848 edition. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1964.

GP 0 921.724 Form 10-301 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR __ . (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Florida

COUNTY NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Hillsborough PROPERTY MAP FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY «/> (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with map) ENTRY NUMBER mm COMMON: AND/OR HISTORIC: roster, uamp Foster, Ft. Alabama

u REET AND MUM BER: C. 9 miles south of Zephyrhills Zephyrhills Vicinity STATE: lorida 12 Hillsborough m 357 Collection of William S. Foster, Louisville, UJ 160 feet 1U Unknown (probably 1836)

TO BE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS 1. Property broundaries where required. 2. North arrow. 3. Latitude and longitude reference.

Form 10-301 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Florida NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Hillsborough PROPERTY MAP FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER (Type alt entries - attach to or enclose with map) •DUN 1 3 1972 "tf COMMON: AND/OR HISTORIC: Fort Foster, Camp Foster, Fort Alabama

STREET AND MUM BERt C. 9 miles south of Zephyrhills CITY OR TOWNl Zephyrhills Vicinity STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE Florida 12 Hillsborough 057

SOURCE: U.S.G.S. Zephyrhills, Florida Quadrangle SCALE: 1:24,000; 7.5 minute DATE: 1947

TO BE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS 1. Property broundaries where required. 2. North arrow. 3. Latitude and longitude reference. *- &T Hillsborough/ State