Index Aachen Cathedral (Holy Roman Empire capital), air pollution, 636 Amsterdam, Netherlands, 546–47 Germany, 565 Ajanta Caves, 231, 235–37, 238 Amsterdam Stock Exchange, 655 Aalto, Aino, 743 Ajatsatru (Indian king), 176 Amsterdam Town Hall, Netherlands, 485, 547 Aalto, Alvar, 726, 742–43, 751 Ajunta, India, 176 Amun, Temple of, at Karnak, 57, 68, 69 Abbasid Caliphate, 293, 295, 304, 306, 333 Akapana (Tiwanaku temple), 267 Amun-Re Temple, 70 Abbey Church of Cluny, France, 369 Akbar, Jalal-ud-Din (Mughal ruler), 503, 504, Ananda Temple, Pagan, Burma, 391, 396, 397 Abbey Church of St. Foy, Conques, France, 333, 506 Ananta Vasudeva, Bhubaneshaw, India, 408 369 Akbar Hotel, India, 780 Anarudhapura, Sri Lanka, 176, 179 Abbey Fécamp, France, 370 Akkadian Dynasty, 27, 32–33 Anasazi people, 293 Abbey of Church of St. Riquier, France, 295, Aksa Mosque, Jerusalem, 301 Anatolia, 3, 13–15, 55, 74 327, 368 Aksum Empire, 98, 191, 192, 193, 213, 414 Anatolian highlands, Stone Age, 5 Abbey of Fulda, 295 Alahan monastery, Cilicia, Turkey, 231, 255 Ancash, 82 Abbey of SS. Ulrich and Afra, Neresheim, Alai Darwaza gate, Quwwat-ul-Islam, India, 406 Andean people, 27. See also Peru; South Germany, 579 Alaric (Goth leader), 159 America Abbey of Vélzalay, France, 647 Ala-ud-Din Aibak (Ghaznavid general), 404 agriculture, 88 Abd al-Malik (caliph of Jerusalem), 302 Al-Azhar Mosque, Cairo, Egypt, 333, 384, 385, Chavín de Huántar, 85, 87, 88, 91–92, 151 Abd al-Rahman I (caliph), 306, 307 387 high Andes, 82–83 Abhayagiri Vihara, 179 Albany Civic Center, Albany, New York, 757 irrigation, 55–57, 85 Abiff, Chiram, 108 Al-Barubiyyin, Marrakech, Morocco, 385 metalworking, 223 Abrams, Charles, 765 Albert Dock, Liverpool, England, 638 Salinas de Chao, 84 Absolom, 158 Alberti, Leon Battista, 462, 465, 468, 525, 530, Tiwanaku empire, 261, 262, 267 Abuja, Nigeria, 782 568, 610 urbanization, 25, 52–54 Abu Simbel, Egypt, 4, 57, 71, 787 Alcoa Building, San Francisco, California, 771 Ando, Tadao, 788, 789 Abu Temple, Tell Asmar, 33 Aleppo, Syria, 79–80 Andronovo Culture, 25, 36 Abydos, Egypt, 6, 7, 20 Alexander VII (pope of Rome), 536, 540 Angkor, Cambodia, 295, 318–20, 331, 391, 634 Achaeans, 122 Alexander the Great (king of Greece), 113, 120, Angkor Borei (Vyadhapura, South Asian city), Achaemenid Dynasty, 115, 116 135, 182, 206 247 Acolhua of Texcoco, 435 Alexandria, Egypt, 113, 135, 138, 140, 202, Angkor Thom (Khmer capital), 394–95 Acoma Pueblo, Navajo, New Mexico, 476 232, 251, 306 Angkor Wat (Vrah Vishnulok), Cambodia, 389, Acropolis, Greece, 130–34 Alexandrian Empire, 115 392–94, 635 Actium, Battle of, 159 Algiers, 159 Anglican Church, 568, 569, 573, 583 Adam, Robert, 606–7, 608, 609, 619, 621, 661 Alhambra, Granada, Spain, 391, 429–31, 530 Anhalter Bahnhof, Berlin, Germany, 662 Adina Mosque, Pandua, India, 453 Alhambra Palace, Granada, Spain, 385, 651 Ani, Armenia, 234, 331, 366 Adi Shankara, 97 Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG), 703, Animal Crackers House, Chicago, Illinois, 784 Aegean Sea, 76 726 animal sacrifi ce, 46, 103–4, 108 AEG Pavilion, German Shipbuilding Exhibition of Allison, Ken, 778 Ankara, Turkey, 740 1908, Berlin, Germany, 703, 726 Almerico, Paolo, 524 Anne (queen of England), 571 Aeneas, 154 Almoravid Dynasty, 387, 411 Ann of Austria (queen of France), 543 Afghanistan, 143, 151, 191, 216 Alomohad sultanate, 411, 429 Anthemius of Tralles, 272 Africa, 485 Al-Rifa’i Mosque, Cairo, Egypt, 655, 676 Anthology Society (Boston, Massachusetts), 658 colonialism, 560, 696–97, 737 Altan Khan (Mongol ruler), 499 Antigonid Empire, 135 Ethiopia, 414–15 Altar of Zeus at Pergamon, 104 Antioch Baptist Church, Perry County, Alabama, Ghana, 321 alternative architecture, 778–79, 795 795 kingdoms in, 518 Altes Museum, Berlin, Germany, 599, 624–25, Antiochus IV, 135 Mali, 518–19 663 Antium, Battle of, 154 Mamluk Sultanate, 391, 412–13 COPYRIGHTEDAmanat Khan, 507 MATERIALAntonius Pius (emperor of Rome), 247 post-colonial, 782 Amaravati Stupa, India, 176, 193, 214 Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, 192, 218, 354 trade, 411, 412 Amazon societies, 223 Anyang, China, 55, 57, 58, 59, 93 Zimbabwe, 415 Amber Fort, Amer, India, 626 Anyuanmiao temple, Chengde, China, 603 Agade, 32 Ambrogio, Giovanni d’, 460 Apollodoro of Damascus, 171 Ageana culture, 3 Amenhotep III (pharoah 0f Egypt), 64, 108 Apollo 11 cavestone, 2, 3 Age of Reason, 560–61. See also Enlightenment American Craftsman Style, 682. See also Arts Apulia, Italy, 154, 558 Agha, Mehmet, 517 and Crafts movement Aqmar Mosque, Cairo, Egypt, 384 agriculture, civilizational cultures, 3, 5, 8, 12, 13, American Institute of Architects (AIA), 687 Arab caliphate, Armenia, 364 16, 85, 88, 98 American Revolution, 597, 619 Arab mathematics, 151 Aha’s tomb at Umm el-Qaab, Abydos, Egypt, 20 American War of Independence, 599 Arab Muhammad Khan (Uzbek ruler), 633 Ahmedabad, India, 454, 761, 780–81 Americas. See Central America; North America; Arbeitsrat für Kunst (Germany), 707 Ahmed III (Ottoman sultan), 586 South America; specifi c American arch(es) Ahmed Shah (sultan), 454 cities, countries and peoples catenary arch, 570 Ahmose I of Thebes, 64 Amiens Cathedral, France, 391, 421–22 Etruscan, 101 Ain Mallaha (Levan) culture, 2, 3 Amorites, 79 fornix system, 204

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arch(es) (continued) Atatürk, Kemal (Mustafa Kemal), 727, 740, 746 Balmumcu, Sevki, 740 Limbaesis Gate, 195 Atelier Bow Wow, Tokyo, Japan, 795 Baluchistan Mountains, 16 Archaic Period, Greece, 87, 115 Athenaeum, Boston, Massachusetts, 658 Bamba, Sheikh Amadou, 764 Archigram (journal), 778 athenaeum buildings, 658 Bamiyan Buddhas, 231, 238, 240–41 architectural fi rms, globalization, 791 Athena Polias at Priene, 116 Banditaccia, 87 architectural preservation, 647 Athenian democracy, 113, 130 Banditaccia at Cerveteri, necropolis of (Etruscan architecture Athenian Propylaea, 134, 624 mound), 100 Christianity, 249–52 Athens, Greece, 114, 122, 130, 135 Bandung, Indonesia, 740 Egypt, 72–73 Athens Charter (CIAM), 730 Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Etruscan society, 99 Atreus, Treasury of, 57, 78 Indonesia, 655, 712 Greece, 123–24 atrio (Spanish-American church), 527 Bangkok, Thailand, 597, 634–35 Hellenism, 113 Attarin Madrasa, Fez, 429 Bangladesh, 725, 775, 780 Japanese terms, 487 AT&T Building (Johnson), New York, New York, Bank of England, London, England, 618–19 Mycenaean civilization, 76 725, 784 Bank of Korea Headquarters, Seoul, Korea, 699 prehistory, 1–4 AT&T Building (Welles Bosworth), New York, Banpo, 6, 7, 9 Architecture for Humanity (NGO), 794 New York, 692, 725 Banqueting House, London, England, 485, 550, Arch of Augustus, Rome, Italy, 162 Atwood, Charles B., 691 622 Arch of Septimus Severus, Rome, Italy, 204 Aubrey, Burl, 23 Baphuon temple, Cambodia, 392 Arch of Trajan, Timgad, Algeria, 204 Auburn University, Rural Studio, 795 baptisteries, 253–54 Ardashir I (Sassanian emperor), 232–33 August, Karl, 624 Baptistery at Florence, Italy, 378 El Arenal, Mexico, 188 Augustus (emperor of Rome), 159, 162–63 Baptistery at Nocera, Italy, 253 Aretas III (Nabataean king), 174–75 Aula Magna, La Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas, Baptistery at Parma, Italy, 333, 378 Argentina, 653, 656, 698 Venezuela, 769 Baptistery at Pavia, Italy, 378 Argos, 77 Aurangzeb (ruler), 594, 626 Baptistery at Pisa, Italy, 378 Arianism, 256 Australia, 696, 723, 725, 767, 772, 787, 790 Baptistery at Ravenna, Italy, 253 Aristotle, 113 Austria, 536, 551, 574 Barabar Hills caves, India, 145 Arkaim, 36 automobile manufacture, 704, 721 Barberini, Villa and Palazzo, 532 Arkwright, Richard, 636 Auxerre Cathedral, France, 422 Barcelona, Spain, 684, 688, 692–93, 795 Armenia, 171, 232, 261, 276–77, 364–66 Avaris, Egypt, 64 Barcelona Pavilion, Barcelona International Arnstein, Joan, 747 Avars, 268 Exhibition of 1929, 724, 732–33 art, Olmec people, 88–89 Avdat (Nabataean city), 173 Bar-Kokhbar Revolt, 199 Artaxerxes II (king of Persia), 120 Avebury, England stone circle, 24 Barnsdall, Aline, 711 Artaxerxes III (king of Persia), 120 Avellino, Andrea, 537 Baroque style, 430, 529, 536–42, 551, 571, Art Deco, 676 Ayutthaya, Thailand, 435, 456, 634 573, 574–80, 596, 620, 646, 659 Art Nouveau, 653, 681, 684, 685, 701, 707 Ayyubid sultanate, 411, 412 Barque Sanctuary of Temple of Khonsu, 69 Arts and Crafts movement, 653, 675, 677–82, Aztec Empire, 146, 225, 227, 432, 437, 477– Barragán, Luis, 774, 789 684, 694, 701, 706, 707, 711, 726 78, 526 Barrière de la Villette, Paris, France, 612, 613 Aryabhatta, 312 barrow tombs, civilizational cultures, 22 Aryans, 55 Baalbek, 192, 193, 205, 210–11, 249 Barry, Charles, 643, 657 Ashram Maha Rossei (Angkor Borei), 247 Babur (Mughal ruler), 503 Barton, Edmund, 696 Ashur, Assyria, 110 Babylon, 55, 64, 85, 86, 87, 111–12, 135, 174 Basilica, Pompeii, Italy, 155 Asoka, 113, 144–45, 176, 177, 178, 242 Babylonian calendar, 153 Basilica Aemilia, Rome, Italy, 162 Asokan pillar, Vaishai, India, 144, 178 Babylonian Exile, 108 Basilica at Trier, Germany, 231, 250 Aspendos theater, Turkey, 198 Bach, Johann Sebastian, 560 Basilica di San Marco, Venice, Italy, 457 Aspero, 52–54 back-to-nature movement, 653, 667 Basilica Eufrasiana, Parenzo, Croatia, 275 Asplund, Gunnar, 710 Bacon, Francis, 561 Basilica Julia, Rome, Italy, 162 Assembly Building, Chandigarh, India, 760 Bactrian-Margiana Archaeological Complex Basilica of Palace of Domitian, Palatine Hill, Association for the New Architecture (ASNOVA), (BMAC), 36 Rome, Italy, 169 715 Bactrians, 214 Basilica of Pompeii, Italy, 155 associations movement, 658 Baden-Durlach, Margrave Karl-Wilhelm von, 574 Basilica of St. Peter, 231 Assos, 135 Baghdad, Iraq, 293, 295, 304, 322 Basilica of the Invalides, Paris, France, 567 Assur-Nasi-Pal II (king of Assyria), 110 Baima-si (White Horse Monastery), 238 Basilica Ulpia, Forum of Trajan, Rome, Italy, Assyria, 55, 85, 87, 98, 110, 116, 121, 174, Baker, Herbert, 697, 709 171, 172 212 Baker House Dormitory, Massachusetts Basil I (emperor of Byzantium), 322 Astrakhan (Khnate), 545 Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Basil II (emperor of Byzantium), 362 astrology, 626–27 Massachusetts, 743 Bastille, Paris, France, 614 astronomy, 312 Bakong Temple Mountain, Siem Reap, Bata Shoe Factory, Zlín, Czech Republic, 739 Astrophysical Institute, Einstein Tower, Potsdam, Cambodia, 318–20 baths, Roman Empire, 206–7 Germany, 655, 708 Bakufu code, 590, 592 Baths of Caracalla, Rome, Italy, 192, 193, 201, Asuka period (Japan), 263 Balam Ajaw (“Decorated Tiger,” Tikal ruler), 264 206–7 Aswan Dam, Egypt, 787 Balaputra, 316 Baths of Diocletian, Rome, Italy, 193, 207, 686

824 ■

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Batlle, Jorge, 772 Bet Challaf, Mastaba K1 at, 7 Brazilian hacienda system, 558 Batlló, Josep, 693 Beth Elohim Synagogue, Charleston, South Brazilian Pavilion, New York World’s Fair of Battle of Actium, 159 Carolina, 599, 651 1939, 743, 746–47 Battle of Antium, 154 Béthune, Maximilien (Duc de Sully), 562 Breslau Jahrhunderthalle, Breslau, Germany, Battle of Himera, 122 Bevis-Marks Synagogue, London, England, 583, 705 Battle of Kadesh, 74 598, 650 Breuer, Marcel, 752, 795 Battle of Marathon, 130 Beyazit II (Ottoman ruler), 447 brick construction Battle of Philippi, 163 Beyazit Medical Complex, Edirne, Turkey, 437, Constantinople, 255 Battle of Plassey (1757), 596 447 India, 453 Battle of Waterloo, 656 Bhaja, India, 181 kiln, 19 Battle of White Mountain (Prague, Bohemia), Bhuta Lena cave (No. 26), Junnar, India, 180 Rome, 162 536 Bibi Khanum Friday Mosque, Samarkand, Ur, 35, 38 Bauakademie, Berlin, Germany, 624 Uzbekistan, 437, 450–51 Brick Country House (Mies van der Rohe), 714 Bauhaus, Dessau, Germany, 653, 655, 718–19, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, France, 599 bridges, 698 723, 726, 727, 741 Bibliothèque St. Geneviève, Paris, France, 599, Bridge Street Workhouse, Manchester, Bavarian Baroque, 578–79 648, 664 Lancashire, England, 640 Bawa, Geoffrey, 789 Biblos, 85 Britain. See England; United Kingdom Bayon temple, 394 Bibracte, 152, 153, 160–61 British East Africa Company, 737 Bazalgette, Joseph, 636 Bicci, Giovanni di, 464 British East India Company, 554–55, 596, Beaker People, 25, 27, 47–48 Bijapur, India, 512–13 630–31, 656 Beal, Art, 779 Bing, Siegfried, 685 British Empire Building, New York, New York, Beardsley, Aubrey, 684 Bishapur, Iran, 233 738 Beauborg Museum, Paris, France, See Centre Bi Sheng, 356 British Museum, London, England, 632, 644, Georges Pompidou Black Plague, 391, 435, 437, 457, 470, 474, 659 Beaux-Arts style, 669, 680, 684, 686, 692, 568–69 Brod, Max, 706 698–701, 730 Blake, William, 684 Brodrick, Cuthbert, 660 Bedouin Arabs, 301 Blenheim Palace, London, England, 551, bronze, 13 beehive tombs, Atreus, Treasury of, 78 571–72 Bronze Age, 7, 9, 13–24, 27, 47, 55, 57, 60, 76, Begg, John, 672 Blow-Out Village (Cook), 778 78, 85 Behrens, Peter, 684, 703, 714, 718, 720, 726, Bo Bardi, Lina, 747 Brown, Denise Scott, 723, 783, 784 730 Boccioni, Umberto, 707 Bruce, Thomas, 644 Beihai, Beijing, China, 587, 588 Boer Wars (1880-1881, 1899-1902), 656, 677, Bruce, William, 606 Beijing, China, 403, 435, 439–42, 588–89 697 Brumfeld, William, 428 Beikthano, 247 Bogolyubsky, Andrey, 428 Brunelleschi, Filippo, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, Belau, Paul, 698 Bombay, India. See Mumbai, India 537 Belgium, 684 Bombay Municipal Hall, Mumbai, India, 679 Brussels, Belgium, 688 Bellamont Forest, Ireland, 581 Bondone, Giotto di, 462 Brutalism, 723, 755, 777 Belper, Derbyshire, England, 637 Boniface VIII (pope of Rome), 539 Brutus, 163 Belvedere courtyard, Vatican City, Italy, 473 Borghese Villa and Palazzo (Camillo Borghese, bubonic plague, 250 Benedictine order, 370 Pope Paul V), 532 Buckingham House, Buckingham Palace, Bengal, India, 453 Borgund Stave Church, Norway, 333, 388 London, England, 622 Bentham, Jeremy, 632 Borobudur, Indonesia, 295, 314, 315 Buddha, 113, 144–45, 176, 177, 242 Bentinck, William, 632 Borromeo, Charles, 536, 538 Buddhism, 113, 144–45, 293 Bent Pyramid, 27, 42 Borromini, Francesco Castelli, 536, 539, 542 Ajanta Caves, 231, 235–37 Beopheung (king of Korea), 290 Boston, Massachusetts, 583 China, 296, 331, 587, 602 Beowulf (epic poem), 623 Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts, establishment of, 238–43 Berber Almoravids, 331, 411 655, 686 growth of, 191, 261, 290 Berber tribes, 121 Bosworth, William Welles, 683, 692 Hinduism, 244–45, 350 Bering Strait, 5, 52 Botta, Mario, 785, 786, 792 Japan, 260, 486, 490, 494, 590 Berlage, Hendrik Petrus, 684, 712 Boullée, Étienne-Louis, 597, 614, 617 Korea, 300, 592 Berlin Philharmonic Hall, Germany, 723, 766 Bourbon Dynasty, 553 Nepal, 593 Berlin Social Science Research Center, Germany, Bourges Cathedral, France, 421 pagoda, 286 725, 784 Boyle, Richard, 582 Pure Land Buddhism, 331, 361, 398 Bern, Switzerland, 160 Brahmagupta, 312 reliquary practices, 251 Bernard Schwartz House, Two Rivers, Wisconsin, Bramah, Joseph, 599 rock-cut temples, 173 744 Bramante, Donato, 471, 472–73, 534, 571, 611, South Asia, 113, 176–82, 214, 215, 216 Bernini, Gian Lorenzo, 536, 537, 538, 540–41, 658 Southeast Asia, 246–47, 392 542, 563, 574 Brandenburg Gate, Berlin, Germany, 624 Tantrism, 346 Bernofsky, Gene, 779 Braque, Georges, 706 Tibet, 295, 317, 499 Bernofsky, JoAnn, 779 Brasília, Brazil, 723, 725, 740, 756–57 universities, 312–13 Bernoulli, Jacobus, 570 Brazil, 698, 727, 746–47 Zen Buddhism, 444, 445, 486, 490, 494

■ 825

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 825825 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Buddhist calendar, 153 Canaletto, Antonio, 560 Cathedral of Pienza, Italy, 466 Bukhara, Shaybanid capital, 435 Canberra, Australia, 689, 696, 740 Cathedral of Pisa, Italy, 333, 377 Buland Darwaza, India, 505 Candela, Felix, 769 Cathedral of Salamanca, Spain, 675 Bulfi nch, Charles, 621, 660 Candi Prambanam, Loro Jonggrang, Indonesia, Cathedral of Saragossa (La Seo, Zaragoza, Bulgars, 268 295, 316–17 Spain), 542 Bullet, Pierre, 562 Canterbury Cathedral, England, 333, 371, 372 Cathedral of the Archangel Michael, 485 bungalow, 682 Canterbury Tales (Chaucer), 374 Cathedral of the Archangel Michael, Moscow, Buonarroti, Michelangelo, 471 Capella Palantina, Palermo, Italy, 323 Russia, 545 Burham Cathedral, England, 372 capital(s) Cathedral of the Assumption, Moscow, Russia, Burke, Edmund, 631 Byzantine, 275 544–45 Burma. See Pagan kingdom (Burma, Myanmar) Corinthian, 163, 164 Cathedral of Toledo, Spain, 576 Burmese, 85 Doric, 124, 164 cattle, prehistory, 4 Burnham, Daniel, 687, 696 Etruscan, 99 Cave of Eileithyia, 60 Burton, Decimus, 658 Ionic, 128–29, 164 Cave of Lomas Rsi, 115 Buseoksa Temple, Gyeongsangdo, Korea, 295, Mauryan, 143 Cave of Shiva, Elephanta, India, 278–79 300 Ptolemaic, 140 caves Business Men’s Assurance Company of America, Capitol Complex, Chandigarh, India, 759 Barabar Hills caves, India, 145 Kansas City, Missouri, 771 Capitoline Hill, Rome, Italy, 154 Junnar Caves (India), 176, 180 Butterfi eld, William, 687 Capitoline Museum, Rome, Italy, 520–21 Minoan culture, 60 Byblos (Phoenician city), 116 Caprarola, Cola di, 471 Olmec people, 146 Byodo-in, Kyoto, Japan, 333, 361 Caprarola, Italy, 532–33 Cefalù Cathedral, Sicily, Italy, 373 Byzantine Churches, 544–45 Caracalla (emperor of Syria), 210 Celsus (Roman proconsul and senator), 205 Byzantine Empire, 231, 232, 256, 261, 263, Caral, 26, 27, 52–54 Celtiberians, 121 268–75, 293, 295, 322–23, 333, caravan routes, 55, 107, 212 Celtic Halsatt culture, 121 362–66, 373, 379, 623 caravansaries, 381 Celts, 160 Carcassonne, Provence, France, 647 cement, Roman architecture, 156 Cabot, Edward Clarke, 658 Carceri series (Piranesi), 608 cemeteries, 616, 655, 710 Ca’ d’Oro, Venice, Italy, 457 Cardal, 55, 57, 82–83 Central America Caesar, Julius (emperor of Rome), 151, 162, Caribbean hut, Gottfried Semper, 649 agriculture, 85, 88 163 Caribbean Modernism, 769 Mayan culture, 88, 115, 146–47, 151, 153, Caesar Augustus (emperor of Rome), 151 Carnac, France stone circle, 24 186, 189–90 Café Aubette, Strasbourg, France, 713 Carolingian Dynasty, 295, 324–26, 367, 368, Olmec people, 85, 86–90 Cage, John, 779 369 prehistoric, 3 Cahokia, Collinsville, Illinois, 333, 787 carpets, 232 Shaft Tombs of Teuchitlán, Mexico, 151, Cahuachi, Peru, 191, 224 Cartesian philosophy, 561 186–88 Cairo, Egypt, 306, 331, 384, 412, 435, 688 Carthaginian Empire, 121, 122, 154 social organization, 113 Caitya Hall at Karli, 193, 215 Carthusian Order, 418 Spanish conquest, 526–28, 553 caitya halls (India), 180–81 Caryatid porch, Erechtheum, Athens, Greece, Teotihuacán culture, 191 Cajamarca, 82 132–33 trade, 88, 257 Calakmul (Mayan city-state), 261 Casa Batlló, Barcelona, Spain, 655, 692–93 urbanization, 88, 264 Calatrava, Santiago, 792, 793 Casa del Fascio, Como, Italy, 725, 749 Central Asia Calcutta (Kolkata), India, 555, 630–32, 709 Casa Mila, Barcelona, Spain, 700 Buddhism, 238 calendar, 151, 153, 261 Case Study Houses (California), 790 colonialism, 555 calendar stone, Tenochtitlán, 478 Casma River valley, 82, 83 instability in, 55 California, University of, at Berkeley, 683 Caspian Sea, zone of interconnection concept, Kushan Empire, 151 Callanish, Scotland stone circle, 24 25 trade, 232 Callicrates, 130 Cassius, 163 Central Park, New York, New York, 655, 667 calligraphy, 379 Castel del Monte, Andria, Italy, 391, 424 Central Public Library, Seattle, Washington, 793 Callimachus, 164 Castro, Fidel, 773 Centre Georges Pompidou, 725, 784, 786 Calvinism, 520, 546, 610 Catalano, Eduardo F., 777 Ceramic cultures, 27 Cambio, Arnolfo di, 460 Catal Hüyük, Anatolia, 3, 6, 12, 14–15, 17 Cerceau, Jean du, 562 Cambodia, 293, 295, 318–20, 389, 634–35 catenary arch, 570 Cerdà i Sunyer, Ildefons, 688 camel, 55 cathedral(s), design of, 420 Cerro Arena (Salinar city), 222 Camii, Zeyrek, 323 Cathedral of Ani, Armenia, 333, 366 Cerron Sechin (Andean ceremonial complex), 83 Campbell, Colen, 582 Cathedral of Caen, France, 370 chakravartin (philosophical model), 602 Campidoglio, Piazza del, Rome, Italy, 520, 521 Cathedral of Christ the Savior, Moscow, Soviet Chakri dynasty, 634 campus architecture, 683 Union, 736 Chalcatzingo, Morelos, Mexico, 114, 115, 146 Campus Martius (Pantheon, Rome, Italy), Cathedral of Florence, Italy, 437, 460–61 Chalk, Warren, 778 199–200 Cathedral of Milan, Italy, 425 Chalukyas kingdom, 261, 280, 308, 310, 340 Canaan, 108 Cathedral of Modena, Italy, 376–77 Champa kingdom, 282–83 Canada, 560, 614 Cathedral of Notre-Dame of Reims, France, 422 Chamundaray (Jain minister), 350

826 ■

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 826826 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Chan-Chaak-K’ak’nal-Ajaw (ruler of Uxmal), 334 empire, 597 Chrysler Building, New York, New York, 738, Chan Chan, Trujillo, Peru, 437, 479 globalization, 792 770 Chandella kingdom, 331, 344–46 Han Dynasty, 151, 153, 183, 185, 191, 192, chthonic phase, mother goddess, 20 Chandigarh, India, 723, 740, 758–61, 780, 797 193, 219–20, 221, 231, 262, 296, Churches of Lalibela, 391 Chandragupta Maurya (emperor), 143, 144 587 Church of Christ Pantokrator, Istanbul, Turkey, Chang’an (Xi’an), China, 191, 192, 219–20, instability in, 55 323, 333, 362 284–85, 293, 295, 296–97 Iron Age, 98 Church of Christ the Worker, Atlántida, Uruguay, Changdeokgung, Seoul, Korea, 437, 443 irrigation system, 403 725, 772 Changle Palace, Chang’an, China, 219–20 Liao Dynasty, 358–60 Church of La Vera Cruz, Segovia, Spain, 374 Changlin Park, Chang’an, China, 220 Ming Dynasty, 185, 437, 439, 485, 495–98, Church of Neresheim, Germany, 578–79 Chanin Building, New York, New York, 738 499, 502, 552, 587 Church of St. Cyriakus, Gernrode, Germany, Chankillo (Andean ceremonial complex), 83 Ming Tombs, Beijing, 485, 495–98 367, 368 Chapel of Light, 725 Mongol Empire, 402–3 Church of Saint Irene, Constantinople, 268 Charlemagne (king of the Franks, Holy Roman Parthian Empire, 212 Church of St. John Lateran, Rome, Italy, 231, Emperor), 250, 293, 324–26, 367, Qin (Ch’in) dynasty, 113, 183–85 250–51, 520 376, 565, 567 Qing Dynasty, 553, 587, 599, 602–4 Church of St. Paraskeva Piatnitsa, Novgorod, Charles, Prince of Wales, England, 723, 784 Shang dynasty, 55, 57, 58–59 Russia, 428 Charles I (king of England), 568 Song Dynasty, 331, 333, 391, 392, 400– Church of San Pancrazio, Florence, Italy, 465 Charles II (king of England), 568 401, 699 Church of San Stefano, Bologna, Italy, 374 Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor), 430, 469, Stone Age, 3, 4, 5, 7 Church of Santo Domingo, San Cristóbal de Las 520, 526, 528, 530, 563 Sui Dynasty, 238, 284–85 Casas, Mexico, 528 Charles the Bald (Holy Roman Emperor), 422 T’ang Dynasty, 238, 261, 263, 284–85, 293, Church of the Acheiropoietos, 231 Charles the Simple (Norman king), 370 295, 296–97, 333 Church of the Acheiropoietos, Salonica, 254 Charnock, Job, 596 Tibet, 331 Church of the Ascension, Kolomenskoe, Russia, Chartres Cathedral, France, 391, 417, 420, 421 trade, 219, 296–97, 400, 502, 551 545 château, 474 urbanization, 25, 296–97 Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece, 362 Château de Chambord, Blois, France, 437, 474 Warring States Period, 93, 148 Church of the Holy Cross, Aght’amar, Lake Van, Château de la Sarraz, France, 730 Yuan Dynasty, 389, 391, 402–3 Gevash, Armenia, 365 Château de Maisons, Maisons-Lafi tte, Paris, Zhou Dynasty, 57, 85, 87, 93–95, 115, 116, Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem, 333, France, 575 148 374, 378 Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte, Maincy, France, Chinard, Philippe, 424 Church of the Immaculate Conception, Turin, 536, 565 Chinese calendar, 153 Italy, 542 Château de Versailles, France, 563–65 Chinese style, 580 Church of the Intercession of the Virgin, Chaucer, Geoffrey, 374 Chinese Teahouse, Sans Souci Palace, Potsdam, Suzdalia, Russia, 428 Chauvet (France) rock painting, 2 Germany, 580 Church of the Invalides, Paris, France, 567 Chavín culture, 151 Chiram Abiff, 108 Church of the Madeleine, Paris, France, 562 Chavín de Huántar, 85, 87, 88, 91–92, 224 Chisolm, Robert F., 679 Church of the Prophets, Apostles, and Martyrs, Chayet, Anne, 604 Chiswick House, London, England, 582 Gerasa, Jordan, 231, 254 Chelsea Hospital, London, England, 566–67 Chittor Fort, India, 437, 455 Church of the Purifi cation, Aleksandrova Chengde, China, 597, 599, 602–4, 620 chocolate, 559 Sloboda, Russia, 545 Chengdu, China, 183 Choin-in, Kyoto, Japan, 486 Church of the Savior (Il Redentore), Venice, Italy, Chengiz (Ghengis) Khan, 185, 402 Chola kingdom, 295, 331, 352–55, 392, 673 522, 523 Chengzhou, China, 93, 94 Cholamandalam, 352–55 Church of the Savior on Blood, St. Petersburg, Cheni kingdom, 282–83 cholera epidemics, 566 Russia, 623 Chennai (Madras), India, 678 Choragic Monument of Lysicrates, Athens, Church of the Tithe, Kiev, Russia, 333, 363 Chettinad Mansions, Tamil, India, 673 Greece, 645 Church of Vierzenhnheiligen, Bamberg, Chicago, Illinois, 770 Chosun Dynasty, Korea, See Joseon Dynasty Germany, 578 Chicago, University of, 683 Christianity, 60, 191, 211 Cilica, 364 Chicago Federal Center, Chicago, Illinois, 770 baptisteries, 253–54 Cilician masons, 255 Chichen Itza, 389, 391, 432–34, 435 Byzantine Empire, 256, 261 Circular Mound Altar, Temple of Heaven child labor, 636, 656 conquistadores, 526–27 Complex, Forbidden City, Beijing, Chillon river valley, 82 emergence of, 249–52 China, 442 Chimu people, 435 Holy Roman Empire, 250, 293, 324–26 Circus Maximus, Rome, Italy, 99, 168 China, 485 mendicant orders, 423 Cistercian Order, 418, 424 Buddhism, 191, 238–40, 261, 296, 331, Mithraism, 248 Citadel at Gonur, Margiana, 37 389, 587, 602 Native Americans, 610 Città Nuova (Sant’Elia), 707 calendar, 151 Nestorian Christianity, 296, 402–3 City Beautiful movement, 653, 686, 696, 758 civilizational cultures in, 8–10 pilgrimage churches, 374 city-states, 485. See also specifi c city-states colonialism, 555, 653, 656 Roman Empire, 268 La Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas, Venezuela, Confucianism, 113 tombs, 251 769 divided dynasties, 263 urban construction, 389, 417–27, 532 Civic Center Plaza, Chicago, Illinois, 783

■ 827

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 827827 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

civilizational cultures concrete, 156, 255, 327, 700, 704, 705, 708, Crozat, Antoine, 562 China, 8–10 726 Crusades, 370, 374, 375, 566 Egypt, 20–21 Confucianism, 10, 113, 238, 356, 443, 499, Cruz, Teddy, 795 Europe, 22–24 592, 602 Crystal Palace, Great Exhibition of 1851, London, Mesopotamia, 11–13, 17–19 Confucius, 85, 93, 113, 487 England, 646, 649, 655, 664 South Asia, 16 Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne Ctesiphon, Iraq, 192, 212, 232–33 urbanization, 25 (CIAM), 723, 730, 743, 746, 756, 776, Cuba, 698, 769 civilizational zones, 25 783 Cubic Dam, Ankara, Turkey, 740 Civil War (U.S.), 655, 672, 687 conquistadores, Christianity, 526–27 Cubism, 706–7, 716, 727, 742 Classical Period, 115 Constantia, Calcutta, India, 596 Cubitt, Thomas, 622 class structure Constantine (emperor of Rome), 211, 249, 250, Cultivation System, 712 coffeehouses, 559 251, 272, 374, 521, 534 Cumae (Greek colony), 122 Eighteenth Century, 551 Constantinople, 261, 268, 274, 322, 367. See cuneiform script, introduction of, 55 Industrial Revolution, 597, 599, 636–40 also Istanbul, Turkey Curia Julia, Rome, Italy, 162 middle class, 646–47 brick construction, 255 Customs House, Albert Dock, Liverpool, England, South America, 698 fall of, to Ottoman Empire, 448 638 Claudius (emperor of Rome), 161 founding of, 249–50 cut-and-fi ll engineering process, 89 Clérisseau, Charles-Louis, 619 Constructivism, Russian, 715, 716, 783 Cuzco, Peru, 435, 437, 480 climate change, civilizational cultures, 23. See Contarini, Marin, 457 Cyaxares (king of Assyria), 116 also desertifi cation Convention Concerning the Protection of the Cybele (cult), 248 Clive, Robert, 596 World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Cyclades, 122 Cloaca Maxima (Rome, Italy), 99 787 Cyprus, 12–13, 76, 173 Clovis Culture, 2 Cook, James, 585 Cyrus the Great (king of Persia), 116, 117, 118 Cluniacs, 331 Cook, Peter, 723, 778 Czech Cubism, 706 Coatzacoalcos River, 89 Copán (Mayan city-state), 261, 295, 329 Czechoslovakia, 739 Cobb, Henry N., 770 Copernicus, 312 Cobham, Richard Temple, 585 Copley Square, Boston, Massachusetts, 686 Dacca, Bangladesh, 725, 775 Cockerell, Charles Robert, 644 copper, 9, 13 Dacian people, 171 Codussi, Mauro, 545 Córdoba, Spain, 293 Dadu, 391 coffeehouses, 559 Corinth (Greek city), 77, 154 Dakhma (funerary tower), 629 Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 560, 563, 565, 668 Corinthian order, 163, 164, 170, 175, 205 Dakshinameru (Rajarajeshwara Temple), Cole, Henry, 664 Corinthians, 122 Thanjavur, India, 333, 352–53 Cole, Thomas, 619 corn, 3, 85, 88 Dalai Lama, 176, 499, 587 Collegiate Church of St. Cyriakus, Gernrode, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 655, 683, Dalhousie, Earl of, 632 Germany, 367, 368 777 Dali kingdom, 392 Colombia, 769 Cornwallis, Charles, 631 Damascus, Syria, 301 Colonial America, 581, 583, 585, 787 Correa, Charles, 780–81 Daming Palace CIty, China, 263, 284–85 colonial forts, 556–57 Cortés, Hernán, 432, 477, 526, 557 Daniel Burnham & Company, 691 colonialism, 551, 554–55 Cosa (Roman colony), 154 Daoism, 113, 150, 238, 441, 499 Africa, 696–97, 737 Costa, Lúcio, 726, 746, 756, 757, 782 Darbar Sahib (Golden Temple), Amritsar, Punjab, China, 555, 653, 656 cotton, 672 India, 551, 628 economic systems, 558 Counter-Reformation, 520, 528–29, 536, 538, Darby, Abraham, 553 Europe, 597 542, 569, 578, 620 Dario, Rubén, 769 expansion of, 653 County Courts Act of 1846 (U.K.), 661 Darius I (king of Persia), 116, 118, 120, 173 foods, 559 Court of the Lions, Alhambra, Granada, Spain, Darius III (king of Persia), 120 French Empire, 560–68, 614 431 Darwin, Charles, 653 India, 554–55, 555, 630–32, 656, 672–73, Court of the Myrtles, Alhambra, Granada, Spain, David (king of Israel), 158 678–79, 709 430 da Vinci, Leonardo, 471, 474, 537 United States, 698 court system, 661 Dawenkou culture, 5 Colosseum, Rome, Italy, 153, 165, 168, 170, Cram, Ralph Adam, 674 Deane & Woodward, 652 171, 204 Crane, Walter, 684 death, civilizational cultures, 21 Columbia University, New York, New York, 683 Cremona, Italy, 376, 377 de Buck, Bob, 778–79 Columbus, Christopher, 52, 437, 526, 686 Cremona Cathedral, Italy, 377 Deccan Sultantes, 452–55, 626 columns, 102, 123–24. See also capital(s) Creswick Residence, Castlecrag, Australia, 696 deforestation, 13, 160, 213. See also Commerzbank, Frankfurt, Germany, 796, 797 Crete, 60–63, 76 desertifi cation commissions, globalization, 792 Crimean War (1854-1856), 670 de Fries, Heinrich, 706 Commodus (emperor of Rome), 248 Criss-Cross, Colorado (artist community), 779 Dehmel, Richard, 706 Communism, 715, 716, 726–27, 750 cromlech, stone circles, 24 Deir-el-Abiad (The White Monastery), Suhag, Complex of Sultan Hassan, Cairo, Egypt, 437, Crompton, Dennis, 778 Egypt, 254 458 Cromwell, Oliver, 568 Dekker, Eduard Douwes, 712 Croton (Greek colony), 122 Delhi, India, 232, 404

828 ■

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 828828 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Delhi Sultanate, 391, 404–7, 437, 503 Doric order, 121–22, 124, 130, 158, 164, 170 Ptolemaic Dynasty, 113, 115 Delos, Greece, 113, 135, 136 Dorje, Rolpay, 602 Roman Empire, 200 Delphi, Greece, 125, 126–27, 192 Doshi, Balkrishna V., 761, 780–81 Stone Age, 4, 5, 7 democracy, 113, 130, 656, 726 dou-gong bracket system, 401 temple construction, 55 Den’s tomb at Umm el-Qaab, Abydos, Egypt, Dover Castle, England, 375 timeline, 56–57 20–21 Downing, Andrew Jackson, 667 trade, 412 Dertad III (king of Armenia), 276 Doxiadis, Constantinos, 765 urbanization, 25, 39–46 Dervishes, 447 Dr. Bartholomew House, Colombo, Sri Lanka, Egyptian calendar, 153 Descarte, René, 561 725, 789 Egyptian columns, 72 desertifi cation. See also climate change Drew, Jane, 758, 782 Ehn, Karl, 726 Africa, 411 Drop City, Colorado (artist community), 779, 795 Eiffel Tower, Paris, France, 736, 768 civilizational cultures, 17, 19 Dubos, René, 765 Einstein Tower, Potsdam, Germany, 655, 708 deforestation, 13, 160, 213 Duiker, Johannes, 726 Eirene (empress of Byzantium), 362 Egypt, 20 Dulesi Monastery, Jixian, Hebei Province, China, Eisen, Charles, 610 mining, 13 333, 359–60 Eisenman, Peter, 723, 785 Sabaean kingdom, 107 Dura-Europos, 115, 135 Ekistics, 765 de Stijl movement, 653, 713 Durand, Jean-Nicolas-Louis, 617, 625, 644, Elamites, 33, 116 Dezhou, China, garden at, 400 652, 687 El Arenal, Mexico, 188 Dharmarajika Monastery, Taxila, Gandharan Durbar Square, Patan, Nepal, 553, 593 Elbe Philharmonic Hall, Hamburg, Germany, 766 region, 182 Durga Temple, Aihole, India, 263, 280 El-Deir, Petra, Jordan, 174 Dholavira, 26, 27, 28–29 Durham Cathedral, England, 333, 370–71 Electrical Laboratory for the Ministry of Public Dickens, Charles, 656 Dur-Sharrukin (Khorsabad), Assyria, 86, 87, Works, International Style Exhibition Dictaean Cave, 60 110–11 of 1932, Museum of Modern Art, New Diego Rivera Houses, Mexico City, Mexico, 769 Dutch East India Company, 559 York, New York, 742 Dieste, Eladio, 772 Dutch War (1672-1678), 551, 560 Elephanta, Cave of Shiva at, India, 278–79 Dilwara Temples on Mt. Abu, 333, 350–51 Dvaravati kingdom, 282–83 El Escorial Palace, Madrid, Spain, 485, 530, 610 Din-i-Ilahi (religious practice), 506 Dymaxion House (Fuller), 724, 734 Eleusinian Mysteries, 125, 200 Dinnaga, 235 Dymaxion Map (Fuller), 735 El-Hakim Mosque, Cairo, Egypt, 301 Dio, Cassius, 161 Dynapolis, 765 Elizabethan England, 485, 548–50 Diocletian (emperor of Rome), 208, 248, 254 Elizabeth I (queen of England), 548, 585, 643 Diocletian’s Palace, Split, Croatia, 208–9 Eames, Charles, 754 Ellora, 176 Dionysus Theater, Athens, Greece, 135 Eames, Ray, 754 El Manatí (Olmec site), 90, 146 Discalced Spanish Trinitarians, 538 Eames House, Pacifi c Palisades, California, 725, Elmina Castle, Ghana, 552, 556 Diwan-i-Khas, India, 506 754 El Mirado, Mexico, 153, 186 Djed column, 72 earthquake El Mirador, Guatamala, 190 Djemila, Algeria, 194, 195 Andean people, 84 El Openo, 153 Dr. Bartholomew House, Colombo, Sri Lanka, Hagia Sophia, Constantinople (Istanbul, El Paraiso, 26, 27, 52, 54 725, 789 Turkey), 366 El Salvador, 189, 293 Dodecapoli (Etruscan city), 99 Rome, Italy, 170 El Tigre (El Mirador, Guatamala), 190 Dodge Brothers Motor Car Company, Zapotec culture, 257 Emerald Buddha, 635 Hamtramck, Michigan, 704 East Africa, 321, 411 Empire State Building, New York, New York, 738 Doge’s Palace, Venice, Italy, 457 East Building, National Gallery of Art, Endell, August, 684 Dogon civilization, Mali, Africa, 485, 518–19, Washington, DC, 777 Engel House, Tel Aviv, Israel, 741 787, 797 Eastern State Penitentiary, Philadelphia, Engels, Frederick, 640 Dolmens of Megaliths, 7 Pennsylvania, 639 engineering, 698 dolmen tomb, 23 École des Beaux-Arts, Paris, France, 668–69, England, 331, 333, 485, 551, 553, 618–19, dome(s), Baroque style, 571 674 622. See also United Kingdom Dome of the Rock (Haram al-Sharif, Jerusalem), École Polytechnique, Paris, France, 617 Arts and Crafts movement, 677 108, 293, 295, 302–3, 306 Edo period (Japan), 485, 553, 590–91, 599, Beaker People, 25 domestic architecture, 38, 157 600–601 civilizational cultures, 23 Dominican Church, Toulouse, France, 389, 423 Edward I (king of England), 425 colonialism, 560, 656, 737 Dominican Republic, 769 Egli, Ernst, 740 Elizabethan, 548–50 Domitian (emperor of Rome), 168 Egypt, 437, 698 Georgian style, 581 Domus Augustana (Flavian Palace), Rome, Italy, architectural design, 72–73, 174, 676 globalization, 698 168 British invasion of, 653, 656 Hanoverian Rule, 599 Domus Aurea, Nero’s palace complex, Rome, Bronze Age, 7, 27 Industrial Revolution, 636, 638, 640 Italy, 153, 166 calendar, 151 Norman, 370–75 Domus Flavia, Palace of Domitian, Palatine Hill, civilizational cultures, 20–21 public buildings, 659–61 Rome, Italy, 153, 168–69 Greece, 121 Stone Age, 3, 5, 27 Dongjing (Kaifeng), China, 356 Kingdom of Kush, 109 Stuart kings, 553, 568–74 Dorian society, 46, 80, 85, 98, 103, 121 New Kingdom, 64–73 English Civil War (1642-1651), 568

■ 829

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 829829 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Enin, 296 Fascist Germany, 750 Forum of Augustus, Rome, Italy, 162–63, 171, Enlightenment, 555, 597, 611, 616, 619, 624, Fascist Italy, 723, 748–49 172 631, 639, 641, 658 Fatehpur Sikri, India, 504–5 Forum of Caesar, Rome, Italy, 162, 163, 172 Enshu, Kobori, 493 Fathy, Hassan, 789 Forum of Trajan, Rome, Italy, 171–72 Entenza, John, 754 Fatimid Caliphate, 333, 384–87, 446 Forum of Vespasian, Rome, Italy, 172 environmentalism, 796–97 Faxian, 238, 296 Forum Romanum, Rome, Italy, 162–63 Ephesus, Turkey, 192, 194, 196 Federal style, 621, 645 Foster, John, 638 epidemics. See plagues Feininger, Lyonel, 718 Foster & Partners, 797 Equitable Life Assurance Society Building, Fell’s Cave, 2, 3 Foundling Estate, London, England, 777 Sydney, Australia, 696 Fengchu ritual complex (Shaanxi Province, Foundling Hospital, Florence, Italy, 461 Erechtheum, Athens, Greece, 115, 132–33, 202 China), 87, 94 Fouquet, Nicholas, 565 Eridu, 6, 7, 17–19, 32 feng shui, 443 4D House (Fuller), 734 Eridu Temple, 7 Ferdinand III (king of Spain), 429 Four Courts, Dublin, Ireland, 597 Erlach, Johann Bernhard Fischer von, 574 Ferdinand V (king of Spain), 470–71, 526 Fournier, Colin, 723, 778 El Escorial Palace, Madrid, Spain, 485, 530, 610 Fergusson, James, 678 France, 367, 437, 474, 536, 543, 553, 610–17 Esplanade, Calcutta, India, 630 Ferreri, Bonifacio, 532 Egypt, 676 Esposizione Universale di Roma (EUR), 725, Fertile Crescent, 11–13 French Empire, 560–68, 670 748 Fes, 429 French Revolution, 597, 599, 614 Ethiopia, 389 Finland, 723, 725, 751 India, 596 Etruscan society, 85, 87, 98, 99–102, 121, 154, Finnish Athenaeum, Helsinki, Finland, 658 Francis I (king of France), 474, 560, 563 173 Finnish Pavilion, Paris International Exposition of Franciscan Order, 527 animal sacrifi ce, 104 1937, 751 Francisco Xavier Church, Dongjiadu, China, 699 architecture, 99 Fioravanti, Aristotile, 544, 545 frankincense, 85, 107 origins, 99 fi re, 162, 165, 372 Franklin, Benjamin, 607 religion, 100–101 Fire of London, England (1666), 568–69, 570, Franks, 208, 254, 268, 296, 322 temples, 102 573 Frederick II (Holy Roman Emperor), 389, 424, Euboeans, 122 fi re temples (Zoroastrianism), 182, 191, 212, 464 Eumenes II (king of Pergamon), 138–39 233, 234 Frederick the Great (emperor of Prussia), 580 Euphrates River, 11–13, 17–19, 32, 212 First Dynasty (Egypt), 20 French Baroque style, 573, 699 Europe. See also specifi c countries, kingdoms First Emperor’s Tomb, 153 French Cubism, 706 and cities Firuzabad, Iran, 232–33 French East India Company, 614 Bronze Age, 7 Firuz (Sassanian prince), 296 French-Egyptian Museum, Cairo, Egypt, 663 Celts, 160 Fischer, Johann Michael, 578 French Empire, 560–68, 653 civilizational cultures, 22–24 Fischer, Theodor, 705 French Empire Building, New York, New York, kingdoms of, 417 Fisher, Mark, 778 738 Minoan culture, 60–63 Five Rathas, Mamallapuram, India, 263, 280, French Revolution, 597, 599, 614, 618 Mycenaean civilization, 76–78 281 French Second Empire style, 674 steppe invasions, 435, 438 Flavian Palace (Domus Augustana), Rome, Italy, Friday Mosque, Delhi, India, 622 Stone Age, 5 168 Friday Mosque of Gulbarga, India, 452 urbanization, 25, 47–51 Florence, Italy, 432, 460–65, 531 Friedrich, Caspar David, 605, 624 European Baroque style, 536 Florence baptistery, Italy, 378 Friedrich Krupp Werke, Germany, 703 Evans, Robert, 63 fl ying buttress, 372, 420 Friedrichstrassenpassage, Berlin, Germany, 665 Evreux, Comte d’, 562 Foguang Temple, Wutaishan, China, 295, Friedrichstrasse Offi ce Building, Berlin, Exeter Cathedral, England, 391, 425 298–99 Germany, 655, 714 Exhibition Hall for the Izmir International Fair, Fontenay Abbey, Montbard, France, 391, Friedrich Wilhelm II (king of Prussia), 663 Ankara, Turkey, 740 418–19 Fry, Maxwell, 758, 782 Expo ‘67 (Montreal (Canada) World’s Fair of foods Fu Hao, Tomb of, 59 1967), 735 colonialism, 559 Fuller, Buckminster, 734–35, 765, 779 Expressionism, 653, 706–8, 713, 726 corn, 3, 85, 88 Fuller, J. A., 672 Eynan (Levant) culture, 2, 3 funerary, 46 Funan City-States, 231, 247 Poverty Point, 81 Funan culture, 246–47 Factory Acts (U.K.), 636, 656 religion and, 46 functionalism, 726, 755 factory aesthetic, 702–5, 727 Rome, 157 funerary foods, 46 factory system, 636–37, 702 Forbidden City, China, 437, 439–42, 587 Furness, Frank, 674 Fahmi, Hussein, 676 Ford Motor Company, Detroit, Michigan, 704 Future Shack, 795 Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 725, 742, Foreign and Commonwealth Offi ce, London, Futurists, 707 745 England, 659 Farnese, Alessandro, 520, 528 fornix system, 204 Gabriel, Ange-Jacques, 612 Farnese, Octavio, 528 Fort Commenda, Ghana, 556, 557 Galeries Saint Hubert, Brussels, Belgium, 665 Farnese, Odoardo, 528 Fort Manoel, Malta, 556 Galerius (emperor of Rome), 248 Farnsworth House, Plano, Illinois, 725, 753, 787 La Galgada, 56, 57, 82

830 ■

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 830830 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Galilee Chapel, Canterbury Cathedral, England, German National Pavilion, Barcelona, 726 granaries, 16 371 German Romantic movement, 624 Grand National Assembly Hall, Ankara, Turkey, Galileo Galilei, 536 German Shipbuilding Exhibition of 1908, Berlin, 726, 740 Gallaratese apartments, Milan, Italy, 784–85 Germany, 703 Grand Theater, Bordeaux, France, 660 Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, Milan, Italy, 655, German tribes, 208 Gratian (emperor of Rome), 249 665 Germany, 331, 684 Graves, Michael, 783 Gama, Vasco da, 502 industrialization, 653, 703 Great Bath of Mohenjo-Daro (public bath), 25, Gamble House, Pasadena, California, 655, 681 Ottonian, 367–69, 424 30–31 Gandharan Empire, 151, 191, 214 Germigny-des-Prés, 295 Great Depression, 655, 698, 744 Gandhi Ashram Museum, Ahmedabad, India, Ggantija temple, Malta, 51 Great Exhibition of 1851, London, England, 649, 780, 781 Ghaggar-Hakra civilization, 25, 27, 28–29, 55, 664 Gangas kingdom, 331 96 Great Fire of London, England (1666), 568–69, Ganges River, 97, 98 Ghana Empire, 321, 411 570, 573 Ganj Dareh, Iran, 11, 12 Ghaznavid Empire, 331 Great Mosque of al-Mutawakkil, 305 Ganweriwala, 28 Ghengis (Chengiz) Khan, 185, 402 Great Mosque of Córdoba, Spain, 295, 306–7, Gaou (emperor of China), 221 Ghiyas, Mirak Mizra, 503 373, 387 Gao Zong (emperor of China), 284 Giedion, Siegfried, 730, 752, 776 Great Mosque of Fez, 429 Garamantians, 121 Gilbert, Cass, 691 Great Mosque of Isfahan (Masjid-i Jome, Friday garden(s) Gilgamesh (epic), 19 Mosque), Iran, 333, 382–83 China, 400, 588–89 Ginkakuji, the Silver Pavilion, Kyoto, Japan, 437, Great Mosque of Samarra, Iraq, 295, 305 England, 584–85, 622 445 Great Plague of 1665 (London, England), 568 Japan, 488, 494 Ginzburg, Moisei, 715, 716 Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), 27, 43–44 garden carpets, 232 Giorgis, rock-cut temple, Lalibela, Ethiopia, 414, Great Reform Act of 1832 (U.K.), 636 Garden City Movement, 689, 712, 726, 731 415 Great Stupa at Sanchi, 176–79 Garden of the Master of the Nets, Sozhou, Giza, Egypt, 26, 39 Great Wall of China, 183, 185, 214, 502 China, 400 pyramids at, 42–44 The Great Zimbabwe, 391, 415, 485 Gare Austerlitz, Paris, France, 662 Glasgow Necropolis, Scotland, 616 Greece, 3, 85, 87, 98, 268, 658 Gare de l’Est, Paris, France, 662 glass construction, 702, 706, 726 architecture and terms, 123–24, 204 Gare de Lyon, Paris, France, 662 Glass House, Werkbund Exhibition, Cologne, Athenian Propylaea, 134 Gare Montparnasse, Paris, France, 662 Germany, 655, 703 baths, 206 Gare Saint Lazare, Paris, France, 662 globalization, 690, 698, 791–97 Delphi, 126–27 Garnier, Charles, 671, 763 Gloucester Cathedral, England, 370, 389, 425 Erechtheum, 132–33 Garnisonskirche (Garrison Church), Ulm, Glyptothek Museum, Munich, Germany, 644 Etruscan society, 100 Germany, 705 Göbekli Tepe, Turkey, 4 festivals, 125 Gate of Justice, Alhambra, Granada, Spain, 430 Gobind Singh, Guru, 628 geometric period, 103–5 Gateway Arch, St. Louis, Missouri, 768 Godaigo (emperor of Japan), 444 Hellinistic Age, 135–42 Gaudi, Antoni, 653, 684, 692–93, 700, 743 Godsell, Sean, 795 Ionic order, 128–29 Gaul, 138–39, 160–61, 208 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 624 liberation of, 597, 644 Gaussian vaults, 772 Gök Madrasa, Sivas, Turkey, 381 Mediterranean Sea, 113, 121 Gautama Buddha, 115 gold, 171, 526, 532, 633 Mycenaean civilization, 76–78 Gaza, 173 Golden Gate, Vladimir, Russia, 363 Parthenon, 130–31 Gehry, Frank, 723, 792 Golden Temple (Darbar Sahib), Amritsar, Punjab, philosophy, 113, 115 General Motors Company, Detroit, Michigan, 704 India, 551, 628 religion, 200 General Motors Technical Center, Detroit, Goldfi nger, Ernö, 777 Roman Empire, 198, 200 Michigan, 768 Gol Gumbaz, Bijapur, India, 513 Telesterion at Eleusis, 125 General Post Offi ce, London, England, 659 Göltepe, 13 temple design, 121–23 Gen’i, Maeda (shogun governor), 590 Gomteshware Bahubali, 350 temple form, 105–6 Genyue, garden at, 400 Gondola, Andrea di Pietro della, 523 theater, 198 geodesic dome, 735 Gonur, 26, 27, 36–37 Greek cross, 536 Geometric Period, Greece, 87, 103–5 González-Sánchez, Guillermo, 769 Greek Revival movement, 597, 624, 632, 644– George I (king of England), 581 Goodwin, Philip, 763 45, 657, 674 George II (king of England), 581 Gothic Picturesque style, 609 greenbelts, 730 George III (king of England), 606 Gothic style, 331, 420–22, 425, 542, 549, Greene, Charles Sumner, 681 George IV (king of England), 622 642–43, 652, 672, 675, 691 Greene, David, 778 George V (king of England), 709 Goths, 159, 168, 208, 256 Greene, Henry Mather, 681 Georgian architecture, 581–83 Government House, Calcutta, India, 597, 599, Greene & Greene, 677, 743 Gepparo, Katsura Imperial Villa, Kyoto, Japan, 619, 632 Gregorian calendar, 151 493 Government Museum of Chennai, India, 663 Gregory XIII (pope of Rome), 580 Gerasa, 205 Government Secretariat, Mumbai, India, 672 Grenville, Thomas, 585 Géricault, Théodore, 617 Governor’s Palace, Kyoto, Japan, 590 Grey, Forde, 581 German Fascism, 750 Graeff, Werner, 714 Griffi n, Walter Burley, 696

■ 831

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 831831 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Gropius, Walter, 653, 677, 713, 718, 722, 723, Hao (Xi’an), China, 85, 93, 148 cosmology, 245 726, 728, 730, 736, 746, 752, 776 Haram al-Sharif, Jerusalem. See Dome of the India, 626–27, 628 Grosseteste, Robert, 422 Rock (Haram al-Sharif, Jerusalem) Indonesia, 314–17 Gross Schauspielhaus, Berlin, Germany, 706, Harappa, 6, 7, 26–27, 28 Islam, 404–7 707 Hardouin-Mansart, Jules, 562, 563, 565, 570, Jains, 350 Guadalajara, Mexico, 188 575, 612 origin and growth of, 244–45 Guangzhou, China, 314 Hardwick Hall, Bolsover, Derbyshire, England, Orissia, 408 Guarini, Guarino, 542 485, 549 rock-cut temples, 173, 261 Guastavino, Rafael, 686 Hardy, Adam, 245 Sanchi, India, 179 Guatamala, 88, 90, 147, 189, 263, 265–67, Hariharalaya, Cambodia, 293, 318–20 South Asia, 214, 278–81, 389 293, 711 Harrison, Peter, 583 Southeast Asia, 246, 247, 283, 392, 635 Guayabo (Mayan city-state), 330 Harrison, Wallace, 738, 757 Hindu States, 391 Gubbio, Italy, 426 Hashihaka Tomb, Nara, Japan, 260 Hindu temple complex, Isanapura (Chenia city), Gudea of Lagash, King, 18–19 Hassuna Culture, 12, 17 282 Guevara, Ernesto Che, 773 Hastings, Warren, 631 Hindu Victory Tower, Chittorgarh, India, 679 Guggenheim, Solomon R., 763 Hathor cult, 4 Hiram of Tyre, 108 Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain, 723, 786, Hatshepsut (Queen of Egypt), 65, 68, 107 Hiroshima memorial, Japan, 776 792 Mortuary Temple of, 57, 64, 65–66, 72 Hitchcock, Henry-Russell, 726 Guggenheim Museum, New York, New York, Hattusas, 55, 56, 57, 74–75, 77 Hitler, Adolf, 723, 750, 752 723, 725, 763, 786 Hawaii, 698 Hittite Empire, 55, 60, 74–75, 79, 85, 98, 110 Guimard, Hector, 684 Hawa Mahall, Jaipur, India, 599, 627 Hobbes, Thomas, 561 Guntupalli, India, 180 Hawkins, Gerald S., 47 Hoffman, Josef, 684 Gupta Caves at Udayagiri, 231 Hawksmoor, Nicholas, 571, 572, 583 Höjer, Theodor, 658 Gupta Empire, 231, 235–37, 244–45, 278, 312 Hebei, 359 Hollyhock House, Los Angeles, California, 655, Gurjara-Pratiharas, 340 Hecatompylos, Iran, 191, 233 711 Gushri Khan (Mongol ruler), 499 Heidegger, Martin, 784 Holy Roman Empire, 293, 295, 367–69, 391, Gyeongbokgung, Seoul, Korea, 437, 443 Heidi Weber House (Centre Le Corbusier), 424 gypsum plaster, civilizational cultures, 12 Zurich, Switzerland, 725, 783 Holzmeister, Clemenz, 726, 740 Hejduk, John, 785 Homer, 77, 103 hacienda system, 552, 557–58 Hellinism, 113, 191, 205, 210, 212, 261, 366, Honduras, 293 Hadassah University Medical Center, Mt. 645, 657, 660 Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Company Scopus, Jerusalem, 741 Hellinistic Age, 115, 135–42 Building, China, 699 Hadrian (emperor of Rome), 108, 171, 194, Helvetii, 160 Hongshan Culture, 5, 8–10 199, 200, 201, 202 Hengistbury Head, England, 160 Honorius (emperor of Rome), 249, 250 Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli, Italy, 192, 193, 202–3, Henry II (king of France, Henri d’Orléans), 531 Hood, Raymond, 738 208 Henry III (king of France), 562 Hopewell culture, 151, 191, 193, 228, 336, 337 Hagia Sophia, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey), Henry IV (king of France), 531, 543, 561, 562 Hopi people, 475–76 255, 261, 263, 272–75, 363, 366, Henry VI (king of Hohenstaufen), 424 Hôpital St.-Louis, Paris, France, 566 373, 472, 517, 544 Henry VIII (king of England), 532, 568 Hor Aba, Tomb of, 7 Hagia Sophia, Novgorod, Russia, 363 Hephtalites, 238 Horta, Victor, 653, 685, 743 Hagmatana, Median city, 116 Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell Horyu-ji Temple, Nara, Japan, 261, 263, 291–92 El-Hakim Mosque, Cairo, Egypt, 301 University, Ithaca, New York, 777 hospitals, 566–67 Halle au Blé, Paris, France, 622 Hermogenes, 129 hôtel concept, 561–62 Hall of Mirrors, Château de Versailles, France, Herod’s Palace, Masada, Israel, 167 Hôtel Crozat, Paris, France, 562 563–65 Herron, Ron, 778 Hôtel des Invalides, Paris, France, 566–67, 570, Hall of Supreme Harmony, Forbidden City, Hersey, George, 103 620 Beijing, China, 440, 441 Herz, Max, 676 Hôtel de Sully, Paris, France, 561, 562 Hall of the Ambassadors, Alhambra, Granada, Herzog, Thomas, 797 Hotte, Pierre, 561 Spain, 431 Herzog & de Meuon, 766 House at Stabio, Switzerland, 785 Hal Safl ieni Hypogeum, Malta, 50 Hideyoshi (shogun of Japan), 486 House for Dr. Bartholomew, Colombo, Sri Lanka, Hamburg, Germany, 688 High Court, Chandigarh, India, 759 725, 789 Hampton Court, London, England, 549 High Italian Renaissance, 520–25 House of German Art, Munich, Germany, 750 Handel, George Frederick, 560 Las Hildas (Andean ceremonial complex), 83 Houses of Parliament, London, England, 597, Han Dynasty, 151, 153, 183, 185, 191, 192, hilltop cities, 11 636, 643, 657, 660 193, 219–20, 221, 231, 262, 296, 587 Himeji Castle, Japan, 484, 486 Housmann, Georges-Eugène, 670–71 Hanging Gardens of Babylon, 111–12 Himera, Battle of, 122 Howard, Ebenezer, 653, 689 Hangzhou, China, 93, 356 Himyar Kingdom, 213 Hoysalas, 389, 409 Hanna House, Palo Alto, California, 744 Hinayana Buddhism, 176, 180, 242 Hoysalesvara Temple, Halebid, India, 409 Hanoverian Rule, 599 Hinduism, 46, 293, 447, 593 Hsuan Tsang (Xuanzang), 235, 238, 242, 296, Han Tombs, 192 architectural terms, 308 312 Hanyuan Hall, Chang’an (Xi’an), China, 284–85 Cambodia, 318–20

832 ■

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 832832 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Huaca de la Luna (Moche pyramid), 193, Delhi Sultanate, 391, 404–7 Holy Roman Empire, 367 222–23 Mauryan Empire, 98, 115, 143, 144, 153, Mongolian armies, 389 Huaca del Sol (Moche pyramid), 193, 222–23 176, 214 rise of, 293, 301–7 Huaricoto, 57, 82 modernism, 727, 758–61 Seljuk Turks, 331, 366, 379–83 Huari empire, 267 Moghul Empire, 551, 553, 555, 594–95, Spain, 389, 391, 429–31 Hué, Vietnam, 635 626–29 Islam, Mazharul, 780 Huitzilapa, Mexico, 188 New Delhi, 697, 709 Islamabad, Pakistan, 740, 765 Huizong (emperor of China), 389, 400–401 post-modernism, 788–89 Islamic mosques, 232 human migration, prehistory, 1, 3 Indo-Aryans, 85, 86, 96–97, 98 Island Villa, Hadrian’s villa, Tivoli, Italy, 203 human sacrifi ce, Andean people, 82 Indonesia, 293, 314–17, 331, 712 Îsle de la Cité, Paris, France, 543 Humanyun’s Tomb, 485, 503 Indo-Saracenic style, 678–79 Ismail Khan, 507 Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 624 Indus River Valley, 182 Isma’il Pasha (ruler of Egypt), 676, 699 Hume, David, 607 Stone Age, 3, 5, 7, 11, 16, 19 Ismet Pasa Girls’ Institute, Ankara, Turkey, 740 Hungary, 363 urbanization, 25, 28–31 Isozaki, Arata, 788 Huns, 278, 435 Vedic Indo-Aryans, 85, 86, 96–97 Israel, 727, 741 Hunt, Richard M., 687 Industrial Revolution, 597, 599, 636–40, 665, Israelite kingdom, 85, 108 hunter-gatherer society, 4 688 Istanbul, Turkey, 448, 485, 516–17, 586, 688 Huntsman, Benjamin, 553 Innocent X (poper of Rome, Giambattista Italianate style, 658 Husni Kubwa, Mozambique, Africa, 411 Pamphili), 532 Italian city-states, 333 Hwangnyongsa Temple, Gyeongju, Korea, 263, Intercession of the Virgin, 391 Italian Fascism, 723, 748–49 290 International Beaux-Arts style, 698–701 Italian Movement for Rational Architecture Hyksos people, 64 International Exposition of Modern Industrial and (MIAR), 748 hypostyle halls, 67, 68, 69, 70, 141 Decorative Arts (Paris, France, 1925), Italian Renaissance, 435, 462–73 717 Italy, 85, 98, 254, 268, 376–78, 426–27, 435, Ibadan, University of, Nigeria, 782 International Style Exhibition of 1932, Museum 437, 457, 461–73, 485, 520–25, 558, Ibaraki Kasugaoka Kyokai Church, Osaka, of Modern Art, New York, New York, 723, 748–49 Japan, 788 Electrical Laboratory for the Ministry of Itsukushima Shrine, Japan, 389, 391, 399 Iberia (prehistoric), 3 Public Works, 742 Itten, Johannes, 718 Ibn al Ahmar, 429 Iofan, Boris, 736 Ivan III (czar of Russia), 544, 545 Ibrahim II, Tomb of, Bijapur, India, 512 Ionian society, 85, 98, 116 Ivan IV (czar of Russia), 545 Ice Age, 3 Ionic order, 128–29, 158, 164, 170 Izmir International Fair, Ankara, Turkey, 740 icons, 322 Ipshir Pasha coffeehouse, Aleppo, Syria, 559 Ictinus, 130 Iran, 151, 379–83. See also Persian Empire Jacobs, Swinton, 678 Idaean Cave, 60 iron, 85, 98, 553, 698 jade, 88 Iemitsu (shogun of Japan), 487 Iron Age, 57, 85, 87, 98, 321 Jaffa, Israel, 741 Ieyasu (shogun of Japan), 487 iron construction, 646, 648, 649, 652, 662 Jagannath Temple, Puri, India, 408 Ikshvaku Dynasty, 193 Iron Pagoda, Dongjing (Kaifeng), China, 358 jaguar, 89 Île Longue, South Brittany, France, 22 Iroquoian Language Culture, 436 Jahn, Helmut, 784 Il Gesù, Rome, Italy, 485, 528–29, 536 Iroquois culture, 610 Jahrhunderthalle, Breslau, Germany, 705 Illinois Institute of Technology (ITT) Library irrigation Jain Temples on Mt. Abu, 333, 350–51 Building, Chicago, Illinois, 725, 752 China, 284, 403 Jains, 350 Illyrian tribes, 121 civilizational cultures, 17, 25, 32, 55, 85, Jaipur, India, 626–27, 655, 678 Il Redentore (Church of the Savior), Venice, Italy, 88, 146 Jaipur Town Hall, Jaipur, India, 679 522, 523 Ghaggar-Hakra Civilization, 28–29 Jalal al-Din Muhammad Shah (sultan of Imperial Forums, 153 Khmer kingdom, 392 Pandua), 453 Imperial Hotel, Tokyo, Japan, 711 Isaac Bell House, Newport, Rhode Island, 655, Jalisco, 151 imperialism, 551 680 James Dakin Bank of Louisville, Louisville, Imperial Palace at Chengde, China, 599 Isabella of Castile (queen of Spain), 470–71, 526 Kentucky, 645 Inca Empire, 435, 479–80, 526 Isanapura (Chenia city), 282 Jami Masjid, Fatehpur Sikri, India, 504–5 Ince Minare Madrasa, Konya, Turkey, 381 Ischia (Pithekoussai) island (Greek colony), 122 Jami Masjid at Gulbarga, 437, 452 Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Ise Jingu, Japan, 261, 287–89 Jami Masjid of Ahmedabad, India, 437, 454 787 Ise Shrine, Japan, 262 Janák, Pavel, 706, 742 India, 3, 85, 293, 391, 485, 503–13, 780 Isfahan, Persia, 514–15 Jansen, Hermann, 740 Ahmedabad, India, 454, 761, 780–81 Ishtar Gate (Babylon), 19, 111–12 Jantar Mantar, Jaipur, India, 627 Buddhism, 113, 144–45 Isidore of Miletus, 272 Japan, 231, 238, 333, 437, 484–85, 486–94 bungalow, 682 Isis (cult), 248 Buddhism, 260, 261, 287, 290, 296, 486, calendar, 151 Islam, 261 490, 494, 590 Chandigarh, 740, 758–61 Africa, 321, 411 colonialism, 555, 699 colonial, 554–55, 555, 630–32, 656, 672– division of, 331 Edo period, 485, 553, 590–91, 599, 73, 678–79, 709 Fatimid Caliphate, 333, 384–87 600–601 Deccan Sultantes, 452–55, 626 Hinduism, 404–7 insularity, 597, 600

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226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 833833 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Japan (continued) Junnar Caves (India), 176, 180 Khandariya Mahadeva Temple, Khajuraho, India, Kinkakuji Japan, 444 Justinian (emperor of Byzantium), 268–71, 272, 333, 345 Kofun period, 260 322 Khasneh al Faroun, Petra, Jordan, 174–75 Korea, 592 Justin I (emperor of Byzantium), 268 Khiljis dynasty, 452 Meiji Restoration, 699, 742 Juvarra, Filippo, 468, 575, 698 Khirokitia, Cyprus, 6, 7, 11, 12–13, 14 militarism, 699 Khiva (Khanate), 633 Muromachi Period, 437, 444, 484 Kabuki theater, 597, 600–601 Khmer kingdom, 318–20, 331, 389, 391, 392, Nanbokucho Period, 391, 437 Kadesh, Battle of, 74 435 Nara period, 287 Kaffeehaus Jüngling, Vienna, Austria, 559 Khonsu, Temple of, at Karnak, 73 post-modernism, 788 Kagithane garden, Istanbul, Turkey, 586 Khorezm (Khanate), 633 Pure Land Buddhism, 331, 361, 398 Kahn, Albert, 683, 704 Khrushchev, Nikita, 736 Shintoism, 287–89, 399 Kahn, Louis, 741, 755, 774, 775, 781, 786, 789 Khufu (pharaoh of Egypt), 43 Tokugawa shoguns, 590–91 Kahn System, 704 Khurram Shah Jahan (Mughal ruler), 503 trade, 698–99 Kai, Yuwen, 297 Khusrau I (Sassanian emperor), 232 Japanese motif, 681, 685 Kaifeng, China, 356 Khwarezmia, 633 Japanese Pavilion, Paris International Exposition garden at, 400 Kievan Russia, 333, 363, 428 of 1937, Paris, France, 725, 742 Kaijima, Momoyo, 795 Kikutake, Kiyonoro, 776 Jarmo, Iraq, 11, 12 Kailasnath at Ellora, Aurangabad, India, 295, kiln, brick construction, 19 Jasaw Chan K’awiil (Tikal ruler), 264 310–11 Kilwa, Tanzania, Africa, 411 Java, 502, 712 Kalasasaya Mound, La Paz, Bolivia, 267 Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas, 775 Jayavarman II (Khmer king), 318–20 Kalcuris people, 261 Kimmei (emperor of Japan), 290 Jayavarman VII (Khmer king), 394 Kallweit, Richard, 779 Kingdom of Granada, 429–31 Jefferson, Thomas, 619, 787 Kamakura Period (Japan), 391, 437 Kingdom of Kush, 85, 87, 109 Jenneret, Pierre, 758 Kamei, Tobei, 591 King’s Chapel, Boston, Massachusetts, 583, 631 Jericho (hilltop city), 3, 11, 15 Kaminaljuyu (Mayan city), 115, 146, 147 kingship. See also politics Jerusalem, 85, 86, 108, 168, 199, 293, 302–3 Kanamaru-za, Kabuki theater, Kotohira, Japan, Buddhism, 176, 389 Jesuit Order (Society of Jesus), 528–29, 561, 599, 600–601 China, 58, 283 610 Kanauj, India, 340 French Empire, 560 Jetavanarama Stupa, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, Kanchenjunga Apartments, Mumbai, India, 781 Holy Roman Empire, 376, 424 193, 218 Kandahar, Afghanistan, 143 Mesopotamia, 32–33 Jewish calendar, 153 Kanishka (emperor of Kushan), 240 Normans, 370 Jewish Museum, Berlin, Germany, 723, 786 Karakorum (Mongol capital), 402 Kinkakuji, the Golden Pavilion, Kyoto, Japan, Jiahu culture (China), 2, 3 Karfi k,Vladimir, 739 437, 444, 445 Jian Ping, 240 Karli, 192 Kipling, John Lockwood, 677 Ji Cheng, 588 Karl-Marx-Hof, Vienna, Austria, 726 Kipling, Rudyard, 677 Jinci Temple, Taiyuan, China, 357 Karlsruhe, 553 Kiyomizudera, Kyoto, Japan, 486 Jingdi (emperor of China), 184 Karmi, Ram, 741 Kiyomori, Taira no, 389, 398, 399 Jiroft, 28 Karnak, Egypt, 56, 64, 65, 66, 67–70 Klee, Paul, 718 Job Charnock’s Tomb, Calcutta, India, 596 Temple at, 64, 67 Klein, Alexander, 741 John F. Kennedy International Airport, TWA Temple of Amun at, 57, 68, 69 Klenze, Leon von, 644 Terminal, New York, New York, 725, Karun River, 15, 32 Klumb, Henry, 769 768 Kashi (Vedic Indo-Aryan kingdom), 85 Knossos, 56, 57, 60–63 John Hancock Tower, Boston, Massachusetts, Kasi (Indo-Aryan kingdom), 96 Koca Kalesi, Alahan, Cilicia, Turkey, 255 770 Kassite people, 55 Kofun Culture (Japan), 231, 260, 263 John II Komenos (emperor of Byzantium), 323, Katsura Rikyu (Katsura Imperial Villa), Kyoto, Koguryô Kingdom, 263 362 Japan, 485, 490–94, 590, 591 Koimesis, Nicaea, Greece, 295, 323 Johnson, Philip, 753, 770, 783, 784 Kaufmann, Edgar J., 745 Kolbe, Georg, 732 Johnson Wax Administration Buildilng, Racine, Kaupanger Stave Church, Norway, 388 Koolhaas, Rem, 723, 786, 792, 793, 794 Wisconsin, 694 K’awiil (Tikal rulers), 264 Korea, 219, 238, 261, 263, 290, 300, 437, 443, Jomon culture (Japan), 2, 3 Kaya Federation (Korea), 300 592, 699 Jones, Indigo, 550, 582, 585, 621, 622 Kbour-er-Roumia (“tomb of the Christian Koroibos, 125 Jones, William, 631 woman”), Algiers, 159 Kosala (Indo-Aryan kingdom), 96 Jordan, 108, 174 Kedah kingdom, 247 Koshala (Vedic Indo-Aryan kingdom), 85 Joseon Dynasty (Chosun Dynasty, Korea), 437, Keith Arcade, 655 Kostka, Stanislaus, 537 443, 592 Kelheim, Germany, 160 Kotera, Jan, 706 Joyce, James, 726 Kempthorne, Sampson, 640 Koumbi Saleh, Ghana, 411 Judaism, 168, 199, 249, 650–51, 741 Kesava (Somnatha) Temple, Somnathpur, India, Kovalam Beach Resort, India, 781 Judicature Act of 1873 (U.K.), 661 391, 409 Krac des Chevaliers, Homs, Syria, 333.375 Julian calendar, 151 Khafre mortuary temple at Giza, 43 Kraus, Karl, 706 Julius II (pope of Rome), 472, 534 Khafre Valley Temple at Giza, 43, 45 Kremlin, Moscow, Russia, 544–45 Junnar, India, 152, 176 Khajuraho, India, 333, 345 Krier, Leon, 784

834 ■

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 834834 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Kubitschek, Juscelino, 756, 758 Le Corbusier, 653, 692, 700, 715, 719, 720–21, London Law Courts, England, 661 Kublai Khan (Mongol emperor), 402–3, 444 723, 726, 728, 729, 730, 731, 736, London Protocol (1830), 644 Kumara Gupta I (Gupta king), 312 739, 746, 749, 757, 758, 759, 761, Longshan Culture, 5, 8, 58 Kumbi Saleh (Ghana capital city), 321 762, 769, 775, 776, 780, 781, 783, Loos, Adolf, 677, 684, 694, 701, 706, 728, 732, K’ung-fu-tzu (Confucius), 85, 93 786 743 Kunming, China, 392 Ledoux, Claude Nicholas, 597, 612, 614–15 Looshaus, Vienna, Austria, 701 Kunsthaus, Graz, Austria, 723, 778 Lee, Thomas, 581 Loro Jonggrang, Candi Prambanan, Indonesia, Kuratsukuri no Tori, 291 Leeds City Hall, England, 660 316–17 Kushan Empire, 85, 87, 109, 151, 153, 176, Leeum Samsung Museum of Art, Seoul, South Lothal, 28 191, 193, 213, 214, 216, 232, 240–41 Korea, 786, 792 Lothbury Couret, Bank of England, London, Kushan Temple at Mat, 193 Leian Period (Japan), 391 England, 618 Kutch Nav Nirman Abhiyan (NGO), 794 L’Enfant, Charles Pierre, 620 Louis, Victor, 660 Kutubiyya Mosque, Marrakech, Morocco, 386 Lenin, Vladimir I., 736, 738 Louis VI (king of Fance), 417 Kyanzittha (king of Burma), 389 Le Nôtre, André, 536, 563 Louis XIII (king of Fance), 543 Kyanzittha (Pagan king), 397 Lenyadri, India, 180 Louis XIV (king of Fance), 537, 560, 563, 564, Kyoto, Japan, 486, 590–91 Leo III (pope of Rome), 293, 324 565, 567, 568, 574, 580, 614, 668 Kyoto National Museum, Kyoto, Japan, 698–99, Leonardo da Vinci, 471, 474, 537 Louis XV (king of Fance), 612 786 Leoni, Giacomo, 575, 582 Louvre, Paris, France, 537, 563, 568, 620, 622, Leotini (Greek colony), 122 671 Labrouste, Henri, 648, 664, 668, 669, 686 Leo X (pope of Rome), 469 Lovell Beach House, Newport Beach, California, La Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas, Venezuela, Lepcis Magna, 170, 194 722 769 Le Petit Trianon, Versailles, France, 599, 612 Lovell House, Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles, Ladvosky, Nikolai, 715 Lescot, Pierre, 563 California, 722, 724, 726 La Galgada, 56, 57, 82 Letarouilly, Paul, 657 Lowell, Francis Cabot, 637 Lagash, 32 Letchworth, England, 689 Lowell, Massachusetts, 637 Laguna de los Cerros (Olmec city), 88 Lethaby, William R., 677 Loyola, Ignatius, 528, 536, 537 Lake Shore Drive Apartments, Chicago, Illinois, Levant, 11, 108, 116 Lucknow, India, 696 770 Le Vau, Louis, 563, 565 Ludwig I (king of Bavaria), 644 Lakshamana Temple, Khajuraho, India, 333, 344 Lever House, New York, New York, 723 Ludwigshafen, Germany, 702 Lal, Lala Chiman, 678 Lewerentz, Sigurd, 710 Lunatics Tower, Vienna, Austria, 639 Lalibela (Ethiopia) rock-cut churches, 389, Lhasa River, Tibet, 499 Luoyang (Wangcheng) China, 85, 86, 94–95, 414–15 Liangzhu Culture, 5, 10 183, 219, 296 Lamist Buddhism, 331 Liao Dynasty, 358–60 Lurin River valley, 82 Land Grant Act of 1861 (U.S.), 683 Liao tribes, 435 Luther, Martin, 417, 520 Landmarks Law, New York, New York, 787 Libeskind, Daniel, 723, 786 Lutyens, Edwin, 697, 709 Lanfranco, 376 Library of Celsus at Ephesus, Turkey, 205 Luxor, Temple of, 57, 64–65, 70 La Padula, Ernesto, 748 Libya, Kingdom of Kush, 109 Lycian tombs, Dalyan, Turkey, 173 Las Aldas (Andean ceremonial complex), 83 Licinius (emperor of Rome), 248 Lydia, 121 Las Casas, Bartolomé de, 527, 610 Limbaesis Gate, 195 Lyme Park, Cheshire, England, 575 Lascaux (France) rock painting, 2 Lin’an, China, 356 Lyon, Gustave, 736 Lasdun, Denys, 723 garden at, 400 La Seo (Cathedral of Saragossa, Zaragoza, Lincoln, Abraham, 683 Macedonia, 121 Spain), 542 Lincoln Center, New York, New York, 757, 783 Machalilla Culture, 57 Las Hildas (Andean ceremonial complex), 83 Lingaraja Temple, Bhubaneshwar, Orissa, India, Machuca, Pedro, 530 Late Bronze Age, 57 333, 348–49, 408 Machu Picchu, Peru, 437, 481–82, 797 Latin cross, 536 Lissitzky, El, 714, 716, 726 Mackintosh, Charles Rennie, 684 La Tourette (France) monastery, 762 Lister County Courthouse, Sölvesburg, Sweden, Madi, Francesco, 470 Latrobe, Benjamin, 639, 687 710 Madison Square Garden complex, New York, Latrobe, Henry, 621 Liverpool, England, 638, 688 New York, 787 Laugier, Marc-Antoine, 610, 611, 612, 617, 619, Loanhead of Daviot (stone circle), 23 Mado Building, Tokyo, Japan, 795 642, 643, 649 L’Observatoire-de-Paris, Paris, France, 568 Madrasa al-Firdus, Aleppo, Syria, 381 La Venta (Olmec city), 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 146 local architecture, 795 Madrasah of Sultan Qalawun, Cairo, Egypt, 412 Law Courts, Mumbia, India, 672 Loggia dei Lanzi, Florence, Italy, 461 madrasas, 381, 412 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Lokesvara Temple (Preah Khan), Cambodia, Madurai, India, 553, 594–95 (LEED) Green Building Rating System, 391, 394–95 Madurai, Nayaks of, 594–95 796–97 Lomas Rsi Cave, 115, 145 Maekawa, Kunio, 786 Lebanon, 116 Lombards, 268, 324 Magadha (Indo-Aryan kingdom), 96 Lecce, Italy, 558 Lonavala Caves, 238 Magna Graecia, 85 London, England, 568–73, 636, 659, 661, 688 Magney House, Bingie Bingie, Australia, 725, London, Jack, 681 790 London Athenaeum, England, 658

■ 835

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 835835 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Mahabodhi Temple Complex, Gaya, India, 231, masonry. See stone masonry megalithic culture, Europe, 22, 23–24, 27 242, 286 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, megalithic temples at Malta, 47, 50–51 Mahastupa (Great Stupa at Sanchi), 176–79 Cambridge, Massachusetts, 683, 743 megaron (great hall), 76 Mahaviharas of Nalanda and Somapura, 295, Massachusetts State House, Boston, Megasthenes, 143 312–13 Massachusetts, 621 Mehmed II (Ottoman sultan), 448 Mahavira, 113 Massalia (Marseilles, France), 121 Mehrgarh people (Pakistan), 5, 6, 7, 16, 28 Mahayana Buddhism, 113, 176–82, 236, 238, masserie system, 558 Meidum, Egypt, 39, 42 239, 286, 300, 350, 360, 389, 499, Mastaba K1 at Bet Challaf, 7 Meiji Restoration (Japan), 699, 742 635 Mat, India, 216 Melnikov, Konstantin Stepanovich, 717, 727 Mahmoud Pashas Mosque, Cairo, Egypt, 676 mathematics, 73, 151 Memorial Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mahmud I (Ottoman sultan), 586 Mathura, India, 176 Massachusetts, 652 Mahram Bilqis, 87, 107 Matilda di Canossa (queen of Tuscany), 376–77 Memphis, Egypt, 20, 21, 26, 39, 56 Maintenon, Madame de, 565 Matisse, Henri, 762 Mendelsohn, Erich, 708, 728, 736, 741, 768 Maison Carrée, Nîmes, France, 610, 619 Mau, Bruce, 793 mendicant orders, 423, 447 Maison Français, New York, New YorkFrench, Mauretania, 194 Mendoza, Juan Gonzalez de, 580 738 Mauryan Empire, 98, 115, 143, 144, 153, 176, Ménec, Brittany stone circle, 24 Maison Tassel, Brussels, Belgium, 655, 685 214 Mengli-Girei (Crimean khan), 545 maize (corn), 3, 85, 88 Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, 573, 660 mercantilism, 581 Mali, Africa, 518–19 Mausoleum Complex of Sultan Qaitbay, 437 Meridian Gate, Forbidden City, Beijing, China, Mali Empire, 411, 416 Mausoleum of Augustus, Rome, 159 440 Malla Dynasty (Nepal), 551, 593 Mausoleum of Rukn-i-Alam, Delhi, India, 407 Merimda, Egypt, 6, 20 Malta, 26, 47, 50–51, 556 Mausoleum of Sultan Jalal al-Din Muhammad Merneith’s tomb at Umm el-Qaab, Abydos, Mal’ta culture, 2, 3 Shah, 453 Egypt, 20, 21 Mamluk Sultanate, 391, 412–13, 437, 458–59, Maximian I (Holy Roman Emperor), 208, 526, Meroë, 86 698 530 Merovingian Dynasty, 231, 295 El Manatí (Olmec site), 90, 146 Mayan calendar, 27, 261, 266 Merv, 232 Manchester, England, 636 Mayan culture, 88, 115, 146–47, 151, 153, 186, Mesoamerica. See Central America Manchester City Hall, England, 660 189–90, 225–27, 261, 263, 264–66, Mesopotamia Manching Oppidum, Bavaria, 160 293, 328–30, 331, 334–35, 389, 432, Babylon, 85, 111–12 Manchu people, 587 711 Bronze Age, 7 Manetti, Antonio, 463 Mayer, Albert, 758 civilizational cultures, 11–13, 17–19 Manichaeism, 296 McDonald’s hamburger stand museum, Des domestic architecture, 38 Manikarnika Ghat, Varanasi, 97 Plaines, Illinois, 787 foods, 46 Mann, Heinrich, 706 McDonough, William, 797 Hittite Empire, 74–75 Manship, Paul, 738 McKim, Charles Follen, 680, 687 instability in, 55 Marathon, Battle of, 130 McKim, Mead & White, 653, 680, 683, 686 Neo-Assyrian Empire, 87, 110 marble construction, Rome, 162 Mead, Margaret, 765 Parthian Empire, 212 Marco Polo, 403 Mead, William Rutherford, 680 religion, 100–101 Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (emperor of Rome), Mecca, 261, 293, 301, 302 Roman Empire, 171 219 Mechanic’s Institute, 658 Stone Age, 5 Marcus Vergilius Eurysaces, Tomb of, Rome, 158 Medamud prototype, 42 trade, 28 Margiana, 25, 36, 37 Mede, 116 Ugarit, 79–80 Mari, Syria, 79–80 Medici, Catherine de’, 464 urbanization, 25, 27, 32–35 Maria Teresa (queen of France), 563, 565 Medici, Cosimo I de’, 464, 531 metabolism, 776 Marie Short House, Kempsey, Australia, 790 Medici, Giovanni de’, 469 metals Marin County Civic Center, California, 694 Medici, Lorenzo de’, 464 Africa, 321 Marinetti, Filippo Tommaso, 707 Medici family, 435, 464, 469 Beaker People, 25, 47 Market Hall, Charleston, South Carolina, 645 Medici Palace, Florence, Italy, 437, 464 Celts, 160, 161 Marrakech, 331 Medinet Habu, Temple at, 64, 65 civilizational cultures, 13, 14, 15 Marroquín, Francisco de, 528 Mediterranean Sea civilizations. See also specifi c deforestation, 13, 160 Marseilles, France, 121, 688, 731 civilizations Etruscan society, 99 Martí, José, 769 Byzantine Empire, 261 Hittite Empire, 74 Martin, Claude, 596 Greece, 113, 121 Kingdom of Kush, 109 martyria, 251, 254, 470–71 instability in, 55 Mauryan Empire, 143 Maruri, Carlos, 698 Iron Age, 85 Mycenaean civilization, 76–77 Marx, Karl, 641, 653, 715 Minoan culture, 60–63 Peruvian people, 223 Mary (queen of England), 532 Mycenaean civilization, 76–78 Metcalfe Hall, Calcutta, India, 632 Marzabotto, Italy, 101 Ottoman Empire, 586 Mexica people, 435, 477–78 Masada, Israel, 167 Stone Age, 5 Mexico, 769 Masaryk, Tomás Garrigue, 739 Meenakshi Sunderesvara Temple, Madurai, Mayan culture, 151 Masjid-i-Shah Mosque, Isfahan, Persia, 515 India, 553, 594–95 post-Modernism, 789

836 ■

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 836836 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Toltec Empire, 389, 432–34 Monastery at St. Meletios, Mt. Kithairon, Greece, Municipal Theater, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 698 Zapotec people, 186, 257–59 322–23 muqarnas, 385 Mexico City, Mexico, 477–78 Monastery at Shitennoji, Osaka, Japan, 290 Murcutt, Glenn, 790 Meyer, Hannes, 719, 727, 736, 741 Mondrian, Piet, 713 Murghab River, 36 Meyer, William, 777 Mongol Empire, 185, 216, 366, 389, 392, 395, Muromachi Period, Japan, 437, 444, 484 Michelangelo Buonarroti, 516, 521, 531, 534, 402, 428, 429, 439, 499, 502 Museum Complex of Sultan Qaitbay, Cairo, 537, 567, 570, 621, 671 Mongolia, 502 Egypt, 459 Michelozzi, Michelozzo di Bartolomeo, 463, 464 Monks Mound (Cahokia), 336 Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York, Middle Bronze Age, 57 monotheism, 249, 506 726, 742, 754, 763, 786, 789 middle class, 646–47 Monreale Cathedral, Palermo, Italy, 323 Museum of Natural History, Oxford, England, Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 653, 714, 719, 722, Mons culture, 246–47 652 723, 726, 727, 728, 732–33, 752, Montagnana, Lamberti da, 545 Mussolini, Benito, 541, 748 753, 757, 770, 786 Monte Albán (Zapotec capital city), Mexico, 151, Mu-Ta (Wooden Pagoda), Yingxian, Shanxi, migrations, 438, 485 231, 257–59, 261, 329 China, 358–59 Milan, Italy, 249 Monte verde culture, 2, 3 Muthesius, Hermann, 677, 718 Miletus, Anatolia, Turkey, 114, 115, 135, 192, Montezuma (Aztec emperor), 526 Myanmar, 247, 389. See also Pagan kingdom 194, 197, 205 Monticello, Virginia, 787 (Burma, Myanmar) Mill Owners’ Association Building, Ahmedabad, Montreal (Canada) World’s Fair of 1967 (Expo Mycenaean civilization, 46, 56, 57, 60, 76–78, India, 725, 761 ‘67), 735 80, 103, 130 Mills, Robert, 687 Mont Saint Michel, Normandy, France, 647 Myongdon Cathedral, Seoul, Korea, 699 Milton, John, 585 Monument of Lysicrates, Athens, Greece, 692 My Son temple, Vietnam, 263, 283 Mines Act of 1842 (U.K.), 636, 656 Monument of the Julii, Saint-Rémy, France, 158 mystery cults, 191, 248 Ming-Biyong Ritual Complex, 153 Moore, Charles, 784 Ming Dynasty, 185, 437, 439, 485, 495–98, Moors, 208, 526, 538 Nabataean culture, 151, 173 499, 502, 552, 587 Morris, William, 653, 677, 685, 718 Nabta Playa, Egypt (prehistory), 4, 5 Mingtang-Biyong Ritual Complex, 193, 220–21 Mortuary Complex of Zoser (Egypt), 25, 39–42 Nagar, 32 Ming Tombs, Beijing, China, 9, 485, 495–98 Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, 57, 64, Nagarjuna, Japan, 176, 602 mining, 13, 171 65–66, 72 Nagasaki, Japan, 590, 600 Ministry of External Relations, Brasília, Brazil, Moscow, Russia, 544–45 Nagawang Losang Gyatso (fi fth Dalai Lama), 499 757 Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture, 717 Nájera, Manuel Gutiérrez, 769 Ministry of Health and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Moses (prophet), 108 Nakagawa family, 591 Brazil, 725, 726, 746–47 Mosque at Djenne, Mali, 391, 416 Nakbe, Guatamala, 152, 189–90 Minoan Culture, 57, 60–63, 76, 103 mosque construction, 301–7, 446 Nalanda, Mahavihara at, 295, 312–13 miracle churches, 470–71 Mosque of Abu Dulaf, 305 Nanak, Guru, 628 El Mirado, Mexico, 153, 186 Mosque of Qayawan, Tunisia, 386 Nanbokucho Period (Japan), 391, 437 El Mirador, Guatamala, 190 Mosque of Tinmal, 333 Nanchang Temple, Wutaishan, China, 295, Miralles, Enric, 795 Mosque of Tinmal, Marrakech, Morocco, 387 298–99 missionaries, 528–29, 536, 580 mother goddess, civilizational cultures, 14, 18, Naneghat, 176 Mississipian Cultures, 333, 336–37 20, 34, 50 Nanna, temple complex of, 34 Mita (city-state), 333 mound builders, 113, 228 Napata tombs, 86, 87, 109 Mitanni people, 55, 110 Mt. Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Naples, Kingdom of, 558 Mithraism, 191, 248 Massachusetts, 616 Napoleon III (emperor of France), 670 Mizuno, Go (emperor of Japan), 491 Mt. Ida, Crete, 60 Napoleon Bonaparte (emperor of France), 558, Mnajdra temple, Malta, 51 Mt. Lykaion altar, Greece, 104 602, 616, 623, 624, 650, 656, 663 Moche Culture, 113, 191, 193, 222–23 Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, 155 Napoleonic cemeteries, 616 Moche river valley, 82 Mt. Wudang, Hubei, China, 441 Napoleonic Code, 616 Mockbee, Samuel, 795 Moxeke (Andean ceremonial complex), 83 Napoleonic Wars, 597, 599, 618, 623, 636, 656 Modena Cathedral, Italy, 376–77 Mozambique, Africa, 411 Naqsh-i-Rustam, Rock of, Persepolis, Iran, 173 modernism, 726–27, 739, 740, 741, 742, 746, Mubarak Mahal, Jaipur, India, 655, 678 Naram-Sin, Palace of, 27, 32 750, 769 mud-brick construction, civilizational cultures, Nara period, Japan, 287–89 Moderno, Carlo, 534, 535 16 Narasimhadeva (king of Orissa), 389, 408 Mogao Caves, 231, 238, 239, 240 Mudejar architecture, 542 Narasimhavarman II (Pallava ruler), 280 Mohammed (prophet), 261, 293, 301 mud-timber construction, civilizational cultures, Narmer’s tomb at Umm el-Qaab, Abydos, Egypt, Mohammed I (king of Granada), 389, 429 12 20 Mohenjo-Daro, 26, 27, 28, 30–31 Mughal Empire, 485, 503, 551, 553, 555, Narses (Byzantine general), 168 Molière, 560 594–95, 626–29 Nash, John, 618, 622, 624, 659, 661 Moller House, Vienna, Austria, 701 Muhammad I (sultan of Bahmanid), 452 Nasrid Sultanate, 391, 429–31 Mombasa, Kenya, 737 Muhammad Adil Shah, 513 Nata period (Japan), 263 Momoyama Period, 485 Mumbai, India, 629, 672 National Art Gallery, Government Museum of monasteries, 322, 331 Mumtaz Mahal, 507–9 Chennai, India, 678 Monastery at La Tourette, France, 762 Munch, Edvard, 684 National Congress, Brasília, Brazil, 756–57

■ 837

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 837837 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

National Gallery, Berlin, Germany, 752 Newport, Rhode Island, 583 numerology, 378 National Gallery, London, 654, 663, 786 Newton, Isaac, 553, 614, 615 Nunnery quandrangle, Uxmal (Mayan city-state), National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, 663, New York, New York, 688, 738, 770, 787 334, 335 777, 786 New York World’s Fair of 1939, 743, 746–47 Nuraghic Civilization, 57 nationalism, 623 Nguyen dynasty, Vietnam, 635 Nuremberg, Germany, 750 National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Japan, Nicephorus I (emperor of Byzantium), 322 Nurosmaniye Mosque, Istanbul, Turkey, 586 786 Nichinan Cultural Center, Nichinan, Japan, 776 Nymphaeum, Nîmes, France, 205 national museums, 663, 698–99 Nicholas V (pope of Rome), 466 National Romantic movement, 597 Niemeyer, Oscar, 726, 746, 756–57 Oak Alley plantation, Vacherie, Louisiana, 645 National Schools of Art, Havana, Cuba, 725, 773 Nieuhof, Jan, 580 Oaxaca, Mexico, 257–59, 331 National Trust for Historic Preservation, 787 Nigeria, 782 Obelisk Tomb, Petra, Jordan, 175 Native Americans, 52–54, 554. See also specifi c Nijo Castle, Kyoto, Japan, 485, 488–89, 590, L’Observatoire-de-Paris, Paris, France, 568 native cultures 591 obsidian, 14 Christianity, 610 Nikko Toshogu, Japan, 487 Oc Eo (Funan city), 231, 247 hacienda system, 557–58 Nile River, 4, 5, 17, 20 Odoacer (German chieftain), 250 Naucratis, Egypt, 121 Nîmes, France, 204, 205 Offi ce for Metropolitan Architecture, Central Naxos island (Greek colony), 122 Nimrud, Assyria, 110 Public Library, Seattle, Washington, Nayaks of Madurai, 594–95 Nineveh, 32, 64, 87, 111, 116 793, 794 Nazca civilization, 113, 191, 193, 222–23, 224 Ningshougong Palace, Forbidden City, Beijing, Ögedei (Mongol emperor), 402 Nazca Lines, 191, 224 China, 587, 589 O’Gorman, Juan, 769 Nazi Party (Germany), 750 Ninomaru Palace, Toshogu Shrine, Nikko, Ohio Hopewell culture, 151, 191, 193, 228, 336, Nebuchadnezzar (king of Babylon), 111, 135 Japan, 488–89, 591 337 Nechodoma, Antonin, 769 Nintoku (emperor of Japan), 260 Ohio River valley, 191 necropolis of Banditaccia at Cerveteri (Etruscan Nishihonganji, Kyoto, Japan, 486 Old Assyrian Period, 27 mound), 100 Niuheliang Ritual Center, China, 4, 6, 7, 8–9 Old Babylonian Period, 27 Negev Center, Israel, 741 Nizam al-Mulk (Seljuk ruler), 379 Old Oraibi, Hopi village, Arizona, 475 Nehru, Jawaharlal, 758, 760 Nobembergruppe (Germany), 707 Old Shawneetown Bank, Shawneetown, Illinois, Nénot, Paul-Henri, 669, 730 Nobunga, Oda (shogun of Japan), 486 645 Neo-Assyrian Empire, 87, 110, 114 Noh theater, 600 Olmec people, 85, 86–90, 113, 114, 146, 186 neo-Baroque style, 622 Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), 760 Olmsted, Frederick Law, 653, 667, 796 neo-Byzantine style, 675 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 794 Olympic games, founding of, 87, 106 neoclassical style, 575, 597, 599, 605, 609, Norberg-Schulz, Christian, 784 Olympic Stadium, Tokyo, Japan, 725, 776 612, 614, 619–21, 622, 624, 632, Nordwestdeutsche Kunstausstellung, Oldenburg, Open Air School, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 726 643, 644, 646, 686, 786 Germany, 703 El Openo, 153 neo-Gothic style, 642–43 Norman England, 331, 333, 370–75 Opera House, Sydney, Australia, 723, 725, 767, neo-Greek movement, 597, 624, 632, 644–45, Norris Dam, Tennessee Valley Authority, Clinch 772, 787 657, 674 River, Tennessee, 727 opium, 597, 653, 656 Neolithic Period, 3, 27 North Africa, 384–87, 411 Opium Wars (1839-1842), 555, 599, 699 neo-Renaissance style, 657, 659 North America Orestes (Roman general), 250 neo-Romanesque style, 675 colonialism, 554, 560, 585 Oriel Chambers, Liverpool, England, 646 Nepal, 551, 593 Hopewell Culture, 146, 151 Orissa kingdom, 348, 389, 408 Neri, Filippo, 536 mound builders, 113 Orissan template plan, 347 Nero (emperor of Rome), 165, 168, 200 Poverty Point, 55, 56, 57, 81 Orléans, Henri d’ (Henry II, king of France), 531 Nero’s palace complex, Rome, Italy, 165–66, settlement of, 52, 146, 336 Ostia, Rome, Italy, 155, 171, 194–95 168, 202 Spanish conquest, 526–28 Ostrogoths, 249, 250, 254, 256, 261 Nestorian Christianity, 296, 402–3 Teotihuacán culture, 191 Otterlo, Netherlands, 776 Netherlands, 485, 502, 546–47, 552, 554, 556, trade, 257 Ottoman Empire, 437, 446–51, 485, 516–17, 653, 712 urbanization, 264 586, 597, 644, 676 Neue Sachlichkeit, 726 Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, France, 391, 420, Ottonian Germany, 331, 333, 367–69, 424 Neue Staatsgalerie, Stuttgart, Germany, 786 647 Oud, Jacobus Johannes Pieter, 713, 728 Neue Wache, Berlin, Germany, 624 Notre Dame de Haut, Ronchamp, France, 725, Oxus River civilization, 25, 36, 135 Neumann, Johann Balthasar, 578, 579 762 Neutra, Richard, 722, 726 Notre Dame de la Croix, Paris, France, 648 Pacan (Mayan king), 328 Neuvry-St. Sépulchre, France, 374 Notre Dame of Reims Cathedral, France, 389, Pachakuti (Inca king), 479, 480 New Chancellery Wing, Berlin, Germany, 750 391 Pachmari Hills, 2, 3 New Delhi, India, 697, 709 Nouel, Bienvenido, 769, 786 Pacifi c Stone Company, San Francisco, New England, colonialism, 554 Nouvel, Jean, 786, 792 California, 704 New England Native American cultures, 476, Novgorod Republic, 391, 428 Packard Motor Car Company, Detroit, Michigan, 554 Novyi, Aleviz, 545 704 New Kingdom (Egypt), 20, 64–73 Nubian Desert, 4 Paestum, Italy, 122 New Orleans, Louisiana, 560 Nubian society, 85, 98, 109

838 ■

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 838838 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Pagan kingdom (Burma, Myanmar), 389, 391, Papyrus column, 72 Peru, 88, 191, 435, 528. See also Andean 396–97 Paracas Peninsula, 224 people pagoda, 261, 286, 292, 389, 486 El Paraiso, 26, 27, 52, 54 Chan Chan, Trujillo, Peru, 437, 479 Paithan, India, 176 Parakramabahu Palace, Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka, Chavín culture, 151 Pakal, K’inich Janaab (Mayan king), 328 333, 354–55 high Andes, 82–84 Pakistan, 16, 157, 182 Parekh House, Ahmedabad, India, 781 irrigation, 55 Palace at Knossos, 62–63 Paris, France, 160, 543, 561–68, 574, 655, metalworking, 223 Palace at Masada, Israel, 167 670–71, 700 Stone Age, 5 Palace at Shapur I, 231 Paris Exposition of 1900, France, 690 urbanization, 25, 52–54, 222–23 Palace at Versailles, France, 563–65 Paris International Exposition of 1937 Perugia, Italy, 99 Palace of Alhambra, Granada, Spain, 429–31 Finnish Pavilion, 751 Peruzzi, Baldassare, 532, 534 Palace of Ardashir I (Sassanian emperor), 193, Japanese Pavilion, 725, 742 Peter the Great (czar of Russia), 577 231, 232–33 Paris Opera House, Paris, France, 655, 671, Le Petit Trianon, Versailles, France, 599, 612 Palace of Domitian, Palatine Hill, Rome, Italy, 698, 763 Petra rock-cut tombs (Jordan), 152, 153, 153, 168–69, 202 Paris World’s Fair of 1889, 736 174–75, 204 Palace of Italian Civilization, Esposizione Parliament, London, England, 597, 636, 643, Phidias, 130 Universale di Roma (EUR), 748 657, 660 Philip I of Castile, 526, 530 Palace of the League of Nations, Geneva, Parma baptistery, Italy, 333, 378 Philip II (king of Spain), 135, 532, 610 Switzerland, 730, 746 Parthenon, Athens, Greece, 116, 130–31, 644 Philip II of Macedon, 135 Palace of Pylos, 76–77 Parthian Empire, 173, 176, 182, 191, 210, 212, Philip III (king of Spain), 528 Palace of the Soviets competition, 725, 736 214, 231, 233 Philippi, Battle of, 163 Palace of Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India, 513 Pasargadae (Persian city), 113, 117–18 Philippines, 698 Palace of Theodoric the Great, Ravenna, Italy, passages, 665 philosophy 256 Passage Tombs, 7 Age of Reason, 560–61 Palace of Ukhaidir, Iraq, 304 Passos, Oliveria, 698 China, 220–21, 602 Palace of Zimri-Lim (king of Ugarit), 79, 80 Passos, Pereira, 698 governance, 219 Palantine Chapel, 295 Patagonia (prehistory), 3 religion, 113, 176 Palau Güell, Barcelona, Spain, 692 Pataliputra, India, 114, 120, 143, 151, 176 Phnom Bakheng, 295 Palazzo Farnese, Rome, Italy, 575 Patan, India, 340, 551, 593 Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 395, 635 Palazzo Madama, Turin, Italy, 698 Patapan of Sanjaya, 316 Phoenicia, 116, 121, 194 Palazzo Nuovo, Piazza del Campidoglio, Rome, Patent Offi ce, Washington, DC, 645 Phoenix Hall, Byodo-in, Kyoto, Japan, 361 Italy, 521 Paul, Bruno, 714 Piacentini, Marcello, 748 Palazzo Porto-Bregnanze, Venice, Italy, 563 Paul III (pope of Rome), 520, 528, 534 Piacenza Cathedral, Italy, 377 Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, Italy, 391, 426–27 Paul V (pope of Rome, Camillo Borghese), 249 Piano & Rogers, 784 Palazzo Reale, Madrid, Spain, 575 Pavia baptistery, Italy, 378 Piazza Amerina, Sicily, 192, 208, 209 Palazzo Thiene, Vicenza, Italy, 575, 606, 621 Pavilion of Commerce, Jubilee Exhibition of Piazza del Campidoglio, Rome, Italy, 520, 521 Palenque (Mayan city-state), 261, 295, 328 1908, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 706 Piazza del Campo, Siena, Italy, 427 Palentine Chapel, Aachen, Germany, 326–27 Pavilion Suisse, Paris, France, 731 Piazza del Duomo, Milan, Italy, 665 Palestine, 85 Paxton, Joseph, 646, 649, 664 Piazza d’Italia, New Orleans, Louisiana, 725, Palestrina (Praeneste), Italy, 156 Pazzi Chapel, Florence, Italy, 462 783, 784 Palladian Revival, 582, 583, 584, 606, 608 Pearce, Edward Lovett, 581 Piazza d’Oro, Hadrian’s villa, Tivoli, Italy, 203 Palladian villas, 522, 523–25 Pei, I. M., 770, 777, 786, 792 Piazza San Marco, Venice, Italy, 523 Palladio, Andrea (Andrea di Pietro della penitentiary, 639 Picasso, Pablo, 706, 716 Gondola), 516, 522–25, 550, 563, Pennethorne, James, 659 Piccolomini, Andreas Silvius, 466 568, 575, 582, 606, 621, 658 Pennsylvnia Station, New York, New York, 655, Piccolomini Palace, Pienza, Italy, 467 Pallava Dynasty, 261, 295, 308 686, 787 Picturesque Movement, 584, 597, 605, 609, Pallke (Andean ceremonial complex), 83 Pentonville Prison, London, England, 599, 639 612, 648 Palmyra, 194–95, 212 Pepin the Short (king of the Franks), 324 Pienza, Italy, 466–67 Pampa Rosario (Andean ceremonial complex), Per, Machu Pichu, 481–82 Pierce Arrow Car Company, Buffalo, New York, 83 Père Lachaise cemetery, Paris, France, 599, 616 704 Pamphili, Giambattista, 532 Pergamon, Anatolia, 113, 135, 138–39, 153 pilgrimage churches, 374, 389 Panama, 769 Pergamon Museum (Berlin, Germany), 104 Pink Floyd (rock band), 778 Pandua, India, 453 Pericles, 130 Piranesi, Giambattista, 606, 608, 618 panoptic prisons, 639 Perrault, Claude, 563, 568 Pisa, Italy, 376, 377 Pantheon, Rome, Italy, 153, 193, 199–201, 537, Perret, Auguste, 700, 720, 736 Pisa baptistery, Italy, 378 621, 638, 648 Perry, Matthews, 698–99 Pius II (pope of Rome), 466 Panthéon (St. Geneviève), Paris, France, 599, Persepolis (Persian city), 113, 114, 118–20, Pius IV (pope of Rome), 532, 538 611 173, 232 Piye (king of Kush), 109 Papal city-state, 437, 485 Persian Empire, 85, 111, 113, 116, 121, 130, Pizarro, Francisco, 526 paper manufacture, 379 514–15, 629. See also Iran Place Dauphine, Paris, France, 543 Paphos, Cyprus, 173 Persian Gulf, 28 Place de la Bourse, Bordeaux, France, 562

■ 839

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 839839 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Place de la Concorde, Paris, France, 562 Priene, Turkey, 115, 129, 135, 136–37 Qianlong (emperor of China), 176, 238, 587, Place des Victoires, Paris, France, 562 Prince of Wales Museum, Mumbai, India, 663 588, 597, 602 Place du Palais, Rennes, France, 562 Princes Road Synagogue, Liverpool, England, Qin (Ch’in) dynasty, 113, 148, 149, 151, 152, Place Royale (Place des Vosges), Paris, France, 651 176, 183–85, 219–20 485, 543 Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 683 Qingchui Peak, Chengde, China, 603 Place Vendôme, Paris, France, 536, 562 prisons, 639 Qing Dynasty, 587, 599, 602–4 plagues, 250, 391, 435, 437, 457, 470, 474, Privy Council and Board of Trade Building, Qingyi garden, Beijing, China, 588–89 566, 568–69, 636 London, England, 659 Qin Shi Huangdi (emperor of China), 149, 183 Planalto Palace, Brasília, Brazil, 757 professionalism, 687 Qizil Caves, 238 plantations. See hacienda system Propylaea, Athenian, 134 Qosqo (Cuzco, Incan capital), 480 Plato, 113 propylon, 79 Quadracci Pavilion, Milwaukee Art Museum, Playfair, William Henry, 644 prostitution, 590–91, 600 Wisconsin, 793 Plaza of the Three Powers, Brasília, Brazil, 757 Protestantism, 520, 532, 536, 546, 554, 568, Quanterness, Orkney Islands, Scotland, 22 Pliny, 469, 573 569, 581 Quatremère de Quincy, 668 Plutarch, 154 Providence Plantation, 583 Quebec City, Canada, 560 Plymouth Colony, 476 Pruitt-Igoe Housing Project, St. Louis, Missouri, Queen Anne-style, 666, 680 Poelzig, Hans, 706 783 Quetzalcoatl (Temple of the Feathered Serpent, Point West Place, Framingham, Massachusetts, Prussia, Kingdom of, 624 Teotihuacán, Mexico), 227 784 Psamtik (prince of Egypt), 121 Quing Dynasty, 553 politics. See also kingship Ptolemaic Dynasty, 113, 115, 135, 140 Quirigua (Mayan city-state), 294, 330 China, 85, 93, 183 public architecture, 653, 659–63, 750 Qutb Minar, Delhi, India, 407 civilizational cultures, China, 8, 10 Public Works Offi ce, Mumbai, India, 672 Qutb-ud-Din Aibak (sultan), 389, 404–7, 452 Egypt, 39 Puebloan Cultures, 333, 436, 475–76 Quwwat-ul-Islam, India, 391, 405–6 Mesopotamia, 32–33 Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, philosophy, 113 293, 333, 338–39 Rabbat, Nasser, 676 Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka, 354–55 Puerto Rico, 769 Rabirius, 168 Pompeii, Italy, 152, 155, 157, 170 Pugin, August Charles, 642, 646 Rading, Adolf, 741 Pont, Henri Maclaine, 712 Pugin, August Welby, 597, 642–43, 661 Radio City Music Hall, New York, New Pop Art, 783–84, 785 Pulesi, Chengde, China, 603, 604 YorkFrench, 738 Pope, Alexander, 585, 609 Puningsi, Chengde, China, 603 Rafi bin Shams bin Mansur, 452 Porden, William, 622 Purcell, Henry, 560 railroad stations, 662 Porta, Giacomo della, 529, 534 Pure Land Buddhism, 331, 361, 389, 398 rainforest preservation, 787 port cities, 688 Puritanism, 568 Rajarajeshwara Temple (Dakshinameru), Porticus Eumachiae, Pompeii, Italy, 155 Purple Heaven Hall, Mt. Wudang, China, 441 Thanjavur, India, 333, 352–53 Portonaccio Temple, Veii, Italy, 102 Putuo Zongcheng temple, Chengde, China, 599, Rajarani Temple, Bhubaneshwar, Orissa, India, Port Sunlight, England, 689 603, 604 348 Portugal, 411, 502, 556, 590 Puyousi, Chengde, China, 603 Rajasimhesvara Temple, Kanchipuram, India, Post and Telegraph Offi ces, Mumbia, India, 672 pylon, Egypt, 68, 69, 73 295, 308–9 Postmodernism, 723, 783–86, 788–89 Pylos, Palace of, 76–77 Rajput kingdoms, 340 Potala Palace, Lhasa, Tibet, 485, 499–501, 604 Pyoungsan Academy, Hahoe Village, Korea, 592 Rakhigarhi, 28 potato, 88 pyramid(s) Rama I (king of Angkor), 634–35 Potosí, Bolivia, 526 Moche people, 222–23 rammed earth construction, civilizational Poverty Point, 55, 56, 57, 81, 86, 88, 191 Tikal Temple Complex, Mayan city-state, cultures, China, 10 pozzolana cement, Roman architecture, 156 263, 265–67 Ramsses II (pharoah 0f Egypt), 64, 70, 71 Praeneste (Palestrina), Italy, 156 Pyramide du Louvre, Paris, France, 725, 786 Rani-ni-Vav, Patan, India, 340–41 Prager Strasse, Dresden, Germany, 723 Pyramid Major, Caral, 53 Ranjit Singh (Sikh ruler), 628 Prague, Czechoslovakia, 706 Pyramid of Khafre (Chephren), 45 Rashtrakuta kingdom, 310, 340 Prague Academy of Painting, Prague, Pyramid of La Venta (Olmec city), 90 Rauschenberg, Robert, 779 Czechoslovakia, 706 Pyramid of the Moon, Teotihuacán, Mexico, 146, Rauza-I Munavvara (Taj Mahal), Agra, India, Prakash, Aditya, 780 193, 225–27 485, 503, 507–9 Prasat Sambor, Hindu temple complex, Pyramid of the Sun, Teotihuacán, Mexico, 193, Ravenna, Italy, 249, 250, 254, 256, 271 Isanapura (Chenia city), 282 225–27 Baptistery at, 253 Pratihara kingdom, 331 pyramids at Giza, 42–44 RCA Building, New York, New York, 738 Pratt truss, 702 Pythius, 129 Rechter, Zeev, 741 Prayaga, India, 232 Pyu culture, 246–47 record keeping, civilizational cultures, 17 Preah Khan, Cambodia, 394–95 recyled materials, 795 prehistory, 1–4 Qalat Siman, 231 Red Pyramid, 42 preservation movement, 647, 787, 797 Qalb Lozah, 231 Redwood Library, Newport, Rhode Island, 583 Presidential Palace, Havana, Cuba, 698 Qatar, UAE, 792 Reformation, 417, 520, 528–29, 532, 536, 554, prestige architecture, 766–67 Qazim Khan, 507 568, 569, 578, 610 Pretoria, South Africa, 697, 709 Qian, Sima, 183 Reform Bill of 1832 (U.K.), 656, 657, 661

840 ■

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 840840 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Reform Club, London, England, 657 Rock of Naqsh-i-Rustam, Persepolis, Iran, 173 Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), 687 reform Judaism, 651 rock painting, 2, 3 Royal National Theatre, London, England, 723 Regensburg, Germany, 644 Rodin, Auguste, 706 Royal Palace, London, England, 550 Reims, France, 160 Rodó, José Enrique, 769 Royal Pavilion, Brighton, England, 622 Reliance Building, Chicago, Illinois, 655, 691, Roger the Great (Norman king), 370 Royal Scotish Academy, Edinburgh, Scotland, 692 Roman, Alexander, 645 599, 644 religion. See also specifi c religions Roman Baroque style, 536, 649 royal tombs at Umm el-Qaab, Abydos, Egypt, Andean people, 224 Roman calendar, 151, 153 20–21 Beaker People, 47 Roman Empire, 99, 121, 153, 193, 231, 619, rubber, 88 Byzantine Empire, 256 620 Rucellai Palace, Florence, Italy, 465 civilizational cultures, 14, 16, 17–19, 20, Augustan, 162–63 Rudofsky, Bernard, 747 25, 33 baths, 206–7 Rural Studio, Auburn University, 795 Egypt, 43, 46, 64–65 calendar, 151 Rurikovichi dynasty, 363 Eighteenth Century, 551 Celts and, 160 Rusakov Factory Club, Moscow, Soviet Union, Etruscan society, 100–101 Christianity, 249, 268 717 foods and, 46 Colosseum, 170 Ruskin, John, 597, 646, 652, 664, 677, 678, Greece, 103–6, 125–27 Diocletian’s Palace, 208–9 684, 687, 705, 795 Mesopotamia, 32–35 division of, 208, 249–50 Russia, 268, 333, 363, 544–45, 551, 577, 623, Minoan culture, 60–63 Domitian, 168–69 633 Mithraism, 248 expansion of, 194–97, 212 Russian Constructivism, 715, 716, 783 Olmec people, 88–89 Hadrian’s villa, 192, 202–3 Russian Empire, 485 Parthian Empire, 212 imperial powers, 171–72, 191 Russian Orthodox Church, 544 philosophy, 113 Nabataean trade route, 174 Russian Revolution, 707, 715 Reformation, 417, 520 Pantheon, 199–201 Ryoanji Temple, Kyoto, Japan, 485, 494 Roman Empire, 200, 211, 248 post-Augustan Age, 165–66 science, 561 post-Constantinian Age, 254 Saarinen, Eero, 736, 754, 768, 772 shaminism, 10 religion, 200, 211, 248 Saarinen, Eliel, 768 Stone Age, 5 sacks of, 159, 250, 254 Sabaean kingdom, 85, 107 sun cults, 191, 200, 210–11 theaters, 196, 198, 205 Sa’dabad Palace, Istanbul, Turkey, 586 West Asia, 191, 213 urbanization, 194–97 Safavid dynasty, 485, 514 Zapotec people, 257–58 vertical surfaces, 204–5 Sage Mother Hall, Jinci Temple, Taiyuan, China, reliquary practices, Buddhism, 251 Vespasian, 168 357 Remus, 154, 163 Vitruvius, 164 Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, Renaissance, 462–73, 520–25, 536, 568 Romanesque style, 369, 370, 425, 660 692 Republic of Novgorod, 391, 428 Romania, 171 Sahara Desert, 17, 20 Republic of Venice, 457 Roman Republic, 152–53, 158, 192–93, 621 St. Augustine, 252 Rhodes, 76, 135 Romantic movement, 597, 606, 608, 617, 632, St. Babylas, Antioch, Syria (baptistery), 253 rice, prehistory, 3 707, 710, 739 St. Benedict, 324, 418 Richard II (duke of Normandy), 370 Romantic nationalism, 623 St. Bénigne, Dijon, France, 374 Richardson, Henry Hobson, 674–75, 679, 680, Rome, Italy, 152, 191, 532 St. Bernard of Clairvaux, 418 686 Baroque style, 536 St. Costanza, Rome, Italy (baptistery), 252 Richert, Clark, 779 domestic architecture, 157 St. Croce, Florence, Italy, 391, 423 Richter, Hans, 714 Etruscan society, 99, 101 St. Cyriakus, Gernrode, Germany, 367, 368 Rietveld, Gerrit, 726, 783 founding of, 154, 163 St. Denis, France, 391, 417 Rikyu, Sen no, 490 Pompeii, 155 St. Étienne, Caen, France, 417 Rimac river valley, 82 sacks of, 159, 250, 254 St. Étienne, Nevers, France, 369, 372 Rimini (Roman colony), 155 tombs, 158 St. Gall, monastery at, Switzerland, 295, 324–25 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 698 Romulus, 154, 163 St. Geneviève (Panthéon), Paris, France, 599, ritual centers, Stone Age, 4–5, 8 Romulus Augustulus (emperor of Rome), 250 611 Rivera, Diego, 738 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 758 St.-Germain-des-Prés Cathedral, 420 Robie House, Chicago, Illinois, 655, 694 Root, John, 691 St. Gregory the Illuminator, 276, 277 Robinson, C. K., 632 Rosaire Chapel, Vence, France, 762 St. Hripsime Church, Echmiadzin, Armenia, 263, Rockaby, Tony, 778 Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 684 277 rock-cut caves, 145 Rossi, Aldo, 723, 784–85 St. Ives, 539 Rock-Cut Caves at Junnar, 153 Rossi, Corinna, 73 St. James, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 374 rock-cut churches of Lalibela, Ethiopia, 414–15 Rostra, Rome, Italy, 162 St. John in Ephesus, Turkey (baptistery), 252 rock-cut temples, 261, 278, 389 Rotunda of San Lorenzo, Mantua, Italy, 377 St. Johns Church, Calcutta, India, 631–32 rock-cut tombs, West Asia, 173–75, 204 Rotunda of the Anastasi, Jerusalem, 378 St. Louis (Missouri) Gateway Arch, 768 Rockefeller, John D., Jr., 787 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 610, 701 St. Madeleine Church, Paris, France, 599, 644 Rockefeller Center, New York, New York, 724, Rouvroy, Claude Henri de (Saint-Simon, Comte St. Mark’s Dundela, Belfast, Northern Ireland, 738 de), 641 687

■ 841

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 841841 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

St. Martin-in-the-Fields, London, England, 631 San Diego (Andean ceremonial complex), 83 Scheerbart, Paul, 706, 707 St. Mary in Ephesus, Turkey (baptistery), 252 sandstone rock shelters, 3 Schiller, Friedrich von, 624 St. Mary Woolnoth, London, England, 573 San Filippo Neri, Turin, Italy, 542 Schindler, Rudolf Michael, 722 St. Michael in Hildesheim, 333, 368 Sangallo, Antonio da, the Younger, 472, 532, Schinkel, Karl Friedrich, 624–25 St. Pancras Sation, London, England, 655, 662, 534 Schism, 466 672 Sangallo, Giuliano da, 469 Schloss Glienicke, Berlin, Germany, 624–25 St. Paraskeva Piatnitsa, 391 Sangath, Ahmedabad, India, 781 Schmidt, Joost, 718 St. Paul’s Cathedral, London, England, 553, 569, San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice, Italy, 523 Schoenberg, Arnold, 726 570–71, 643 Sanjar (Seljuk sultan), 382 Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austria, 536, 551, St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome, Italy, 251–52, 374, Sanju-sangen-do, Kyoto, Japan, 398 553, 574, 575, 622 437, 472–73, 485, 532, 534–35, 540, Sankoré Mosque, Timbuktu, Mali, 416 School of Architecture, Ahmedabad, India, 725, 541, 567, 570, 621 San Lorenzo (Olmec city), 85, 86, 88, 89, 146 780 St. Petersburg, Russia, 551, 577, 597, 620 San Lorenzo, Florence, Italy, 463 Schröder House, Utrecht, Netherlands, 713, 726 St. Peter’s Square, Rome, Italy, 540–41 San Lorenzo, Turin, Italy, 542 Schwitters, Kurt, 726 St. Sabina, Rome, Italy, 231, 251, 254 San Marco, Venice, Italy, 323 science, 561 St. Sebastiano, Mantua, Italy, 530 San Pietro, Montorio, Italy, 470–71, 472, 611 Scott, Gilbert, 672 Saint-Simon, Comte de (Claude Henri de Sanskrit, 55, 283 Seagram Building, New York, New York, 723, Rouvroy), 641 Sans Souci Palace, Potsdam, Germany, 580, 770 SS. Peter and Paul, Constantinople (Istanbul, 622 Sea People, 80 Turkey), 268 Santa Caterina Market, Barcelona, Spain, 795 Sechin Alto (Andean ceremonial complex), 83 SS. Sergius and Bacchus, Constantinople Santa Maria dei Miracoli, Venice, Italy, 470 Sechin River valley, 83 (Istanbul, Turkey), 263, 268, 269, 270, Santa Maria dela Consolazione, Todi, Italy, Second Empire style, 674 271, 275 470–71 Secretariat, Chandigarh, India, 758–59 SS. Ulrich and Afra, Neresheim, Germany, 579 Santa Maria del Calcinaio, Cortona, Italy, 470 Secretariat and Army Headquarters, Shimla, St. Stefano Rotondo, Rome, Italy, 231, 254 Santa Maria dell’Assunzione, Ariccia, Italy, 537 India, 704 St. Stephen Walbrook, London, England, 553, Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, Italy, 231, 254 Seitenstettengasse Synagogue, Vienna, Austria, 569 Santa Maria Nuova, Monreale, Sicily, Italy, 373 651 St. Vincent Street United Presbytrian Church, Sant’Andrea al Quirinale, Rome, Italy, 485, Seleucid Empire, 115, 135, 212 Glasgow, Scotland, 644 536–37 Selinus, Sicily, 122 St. Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, 271, 275 Sant’Andrea at Mantua, Italy, 468 Seljuk Turks, 331, 366, 379–83, 446 Sakakukra, Junzo, 786 Santa Sabina. See St. Sabina, Rome, Italy Semedo, Alvarez, 580 Sakas Empire, 176 Sant’Elia, Antonio, 707 Semper, Gottfried, 597, 646, 649, 651, 684 Salinar people, 222 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 333, 374, 553, Senegal, 764 Salinas da Chao, 57, 82, 84 576 Senmut (Egyptian architect), 65 Salk, Jonas, 774 Sant’Ivo alla Sapienza, Rome, Italy, 485, 539 La Seo (Cathedral of Saragossa, Zaragoza, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, 725, 774, 775, San Tommaso da Villanmova, Castel Gandolfo, Spain), 542 789 Italy, 537 Seoul, Korea, 435, 443, 699 Salonica, Greece, 254, 275 Santos Palace, Lisbon, Portugal, 502 Seoul Anglican Church, Korea, 699 salt trade, 88, 613 Santo Stefano Rotondo. See St. Stefano Rotondo, Sephardic Synagogue, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Salt Works of Chaux, Arc-et-Senans, France, Rome, Italy 650 599, 612–13 San Vitale in Ravenna, 263 Septimus Severus (emperor of Rome), 210 El Salvador, 189, 293 São Paulo Museum of Art, Brazil, 747 Sepúveda, Juan Ginés de, 610 Samaratunga, 316 Saqqâra, Egypt, 39 Serlio, Sebastiano, 462, 525, 568 Samarkand, 192, 435 Sarbar Sahib, 553 Serpent Mound, Adams County, Ohio, 333, 336 Samarra, Iraq, 295, 305 Sardarnagar, India, 794 Sert, Jose Luis, 776 Sambor Prei Kuk, Hindu temple complex, Sardis, Persia, 116 Seti I (pharoah 0f Egypt), 64 Isanapura (Chenia city), 282 Sargon II (king of Assyria), 110 Severo, Ricardo, 698 Samos, Greece, sanctuary at, 104 Sargon of Akkad, 13, 32–33, 716 sewage systems, 636 Samye Monastery, Dranang, Tibet, 295, 317 Sarraz Declaration (CIAM), 730 Sforza, Francesco, 544 Sanahin complex, Lori, Armenia, 333, 364 Sarsen Ring, 48–49 Shaft Tombs of Teuchitlán, Mexico, 151, 186–88 San’Andrea at Mantua, Italy, 437 Sassanian Empire, 212, 231, 232–34, 296 Shah Jahan, 622 San Apollinaire Nuovo (Palace of Theodoric the Satavahana Dynasty, 176, 193, 214 Shah Mosque, 485 Great, Ravenna, Italy), 256 Savery, Thomas, 553 Shailendra kings, 293 San Benedetto abbey, Polirone, Italy, 377 Sawai Jai Singh II (Amer ruler), 626–27 Shaivite Buddism, 389 San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome, Italy, 485, Sawai Pratap Singh II (Amer ruler), 627 Shaj-ji-ki Dheri stupa, Peshawar, Pakistan, 216 538–39 Saxon style, 661 Shaka kingdom, 176, 182 Sanchi, India, 151, 152, 176–79, 232, 235, 244 Säynätsalo Town Hall, Finland, 723, 725, 751 Shakers, 641 San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Mexico, 528 Scamozzi, Vincenzo, 563, 582 Shakespeare, William, 585 San Cristóbal Stables, Mexico City, Mexico, 789 Scandinavia, 3, 388 Shakyamuni Buddha, 96 Sanctuary of Athena at Lindos, 115, 139 Scharoun, Hans Bernhard, 707, 723, 728, 766 shaminism, 10, 89, 300 Sanctuary of Hera at Samos, Greece, 104 Schauspielhaus, Berlin, Germany, 599, 624 Shang dynasty, 55, 57, 58–59, 85

842 ■

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 842842 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Shanghai, China, 699, 792 Sixtus V (pope of Rome), 620 Southeast Asia Shanghai Bank, 655 Skara Brae, Orkney Islands, Scotland, 22 Buddhism, 191 Shang tombs at Anyang, 57, 59 Skidmore Owings & Merrill (SOM), 723, 771 development in, 282–83 Shang Yang, 148 skylights, 702 kingdoms of, 456 Shapur I (Sassanian emperor), 232, 233 skyscraper construction, 690–92, 698, 714, temple building, 331 Shara Mountains, 174 738, 770, 771, 792 trade, 246–48, 392 Sharon, Arieh, 741 slab stela, Egyptian, 46 South Metropolitan Cemetery at Norwood, Shavism, 283 slavery London, England, 616 Shchuko, Vladimir, 736 African colonialism, 696 Soviety Union, 653, 715, 716, 717, 726–27, 736 Shelburne House, London, England, 599, 606, colonialism, 556, 560 Spain, 208, 293, 331, 485, 502 621 England, 571 Americas conquest, 429–31 Shen Kuo, 356 hacienda system, 557–58 Counter-Reformation, 536 Sher-e-Banglanagar, Dacca, Bangladesh, 725, Khiva (Khanate), 633 Islam, 389, 391, 429–31 775 Slavs, 322, 363, 428 Spanish Baroque, 576 Sher Shah Sur (Mughal ruler), 503 Smirke, Robert, 632 Sparta, 122 Shigenaga, Nishimura, 600 Smith, Adam, 584, 606 Speer, Albert, 750 Shi Huangdi (emperor of China), 148, 151, 183, Smithson, Hugh, 607 Speyer Cathedral, Germany, 333, 369, 370, 422 185, 219, 221, 495 Smythson, Robert, 549 Sri Lanka, 179, 218, 331, 788–89 Shi’ite Islam, 331 Snefru (pharaoh of Egypt), 42, 43 Sri Ram Center for Performing Arts, India, 780 Shijiahe (walled city), 6, 7, 10 Soane, John, 618–19 Srivijaya kingdom, 331 Shimabara district, Kyoto, Japan, 590, 591, 600 Social Science Research Center, Berlin, S. R. Thompson House, New Wilmington, shingle style, 680, 681, 694 Germany, 725, 784 Pennsylvania, 666 Shingonshu Honpukuji, Japan, 788 Society of Contemporary Architects, 715 Stalin, Joseph, 723, 736 Shintoism, 261, 287–89, 290, 300, 399, 487 Society of Jesus (Jesuit Order), 528–29 Stam, Mart, 727 Shiva Temple at Elephanta, India, 263, 278–79 Socrates, 113 State of Illinois Building, Chicago, Illinois, 784 Shivta (Nabataean city), 173 Solankis kingdom, 331 Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, New York, Shklovsky, Viktor, 716 Solomon, Temple of, 108 787 shopping galleries and passages, 665 Somapura, Mahavihara at, 295, 312–13 stave churches, 333, 388 Shore Temple at Mamallapuram, 263, 280–81 Somapura Vihara, 295 steam engine, 553 Shrine of Imam Dur, Samarra, Iraq, 385 Somerset House, London, England, 597 steel construction, 553, 653, 690, 698, 726 Shrine of Serapis (Serapeum), Hadrian’s villa, Song Dynasty, 331, 333, 356, 391, 392, 400– Steiner House, Vienna, Austria, 694, 701 Tivoli, Italy, 202 401, 444, 699 Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman, 94 Shun Chih (Shunzhi, emperor of China), 587 Songyue Temple Ta (pagoda), Dengfeng, China, steppe invasions, Europe, 435, 438 Shunzhi, 587 263, 286 Step Pyramid of Zoser, 27, 42 Shushtar, Iran, 233 Souffl ot, Jacques-Germain, 611 Stern, Robert, 784 Shuxiangsi temple, Chengde, China, 603 South Africa, 653, 656, 697 Stevens, F. W., 672 Shwezigon Pagoda, Pagan, Burma, 391, 396, South America. See also Andean people; specifi c Stickley, Gustav, 677 397 civilizations, countries and cities Stirling, James, 784, 786 Sicily, 85 class structure, 698 Stockholm Public Library, Sweden, 655, 710 Sidon (Phoenician city), 85, 116 irrigation, 55, 85 Stone, Edward Durell, 763 Siemens-Schuckert Werke, Germany, 703 social organization, 113 Stone Age, 1–5 Siena, Italy, 376, 426–27 Spanish conquest, 526–28 stone circles, civilizational cultures, 23–24 Sigiriya (Sri Lanka), 231, 243 Stone Age, 3, 5 Stone-Cone Temple (Uruk), 19 Sigler, Jennifer, 793 trade, 257 Stonehenge, England, 4, 25, 26, 27, 47–49 Sikh movement, 551, 628 urbanization, 52–54, 88, 264 stone masonry, 256 silk production, 543 South Asia Armenia, 261, 276–77, 364–66 Silk Routes, 173, 191, 219, 246, 293, 296, 331, Buddhism, 113, 176–82, 261 Greece, 85, 121–22 400 civilizational cultures, 16, 17 Kievan Russia, 363 Silla Dynasty, 295, 300 Hinduism, 244–45, 261, 389 Kushan, 216 Silla kingdom, Korea, 290 Kushan Empire, 151, 153, 176, 191, 193, revival in, 255 Silva, José Asunción, 769 213, 214, 216 Stowe Gardens, Buckinghamshire, England, silver, 502, 526, 532 Moghul Empire, 553 553, 584–85 Sima Qian, 219 religion, 191 Stratford Hall Plantation, Montross, Virginia, 581 Simpson-Lee House, Mt. Wilson, Australia, 790 Satavahana Empire, 176 Strauss, Richard, 684 Sinan, Mimar, 516, 517 Stone Age, 5 Strawberry Hill, Twickenham, England, 599, 609 Singh, Sawai Ram, 679 Taxila, 182 Street, George Edmund, 661 Sintashta Culture, 36 Temple of Jupiter Heliopolitanus, Baalbek, Strickland, William, 645 Sirkap, Pakistan (Taxila, Gandharan region), 210–11 Strutt, Jedediah, 637 157, 182, 192, 232 trade, 214, 216, 238 Stuart, John, 606 SITE (Sculpture in the Environment), 784 urbanization, 28–31 Stuart Dynasty, 553, 568–74 Sixteen Kingdoms Period, 193, 231, 262 Stupa at Guldara, Kabul, Afghanistan, 216

■ 843

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 843843 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Stupa Complex at Sanchi, 153, 176–79 Taj Mahal (Rauza-I Munavvara), Agra, India, Temple complex at Ayutthaya, India, 435, 456 suburban construction, 744 485, 503, 507–9 Temple of Amun at Karnak, 57, 68, 69 Suetonius, 165 Takauji, Ashikaga, 444 Temple of Anahita, 192 Suez Canal, 653, 656, 670, 672 Takht-i-Bahi, Peshawar, Pakistan, 193, 217 Temple of Anahita, Kangavar, Iran, 212 Suffolk House of Correction, Bury St. Emunds, Takht-i-Suleiman, Azerbaijan, 193, 212, 232, Temple of Antonius and Faustina, Rome, Italy, England, 599, 639 234 162 Suffolk Mills, Lowell, Massachusetts, 637 Talbot, George, 549 Temple of Apollo, Didyma, Turkey, 115, 142, 164 Sufi Muslims, 447, .626 Taliban, 240–41 Temple of Apollo at Bassae, 164 sugar, 559 Taliesein East, Spring Green, Wisconsin, 655, Temple of Apollo at Delphi, 127 Sugar, Abbot, 417 694–95 Temple of Apollo at Thermos, Greece, 105 Sui Dynasty, 238, 284–85, 296 Taliesein West, Scottsdale, Arizona, 694, 695 Temple of Apollo at Thermun, 87 Sukhothai (king of Siam), 634 Tall al Muqayyar, Iraq, 34 Temple of Artemis at Corfu (Kerkira), Greece, Suleyman (sultan of Ottoman Empire), 516 T’ang Dynasty, 238, 261, 263, 284–85, 293, 115, 121 Suleymaniye Complex and Mosque, Istanbul, 295, 296–97, 333 Temple of Athena, Tegea, 164 Turkey, 485, 516–17 Tange, Kenzo, 723, 776, 777 Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis, Athens, Sullivan, Louis, 674, 691 Tantrism, 346 Greece, 115, 129, 134 Sultan Han, Kayseri, Turkey, 333, 380 Taos Pueblo architecture, New Mexico, 475 Temple of Athena Polias at Priene, Greece, 129 Sumatra, 712 Taq-i Kisra, Ctesiphon, Iraq, 232 Temple of Bacchus, Baalbek, 211 Sumeria, 32, 33, 74, 75 Tarentum (Greek colony), 122, 154 Temple of British Worthies, Stowe Gardens, Sumiya, 553 Tarik Khana, Damghan, Iran, 301 Buckinghamshire, England, 585 Summer Palace (Babylon), 112 Tarquinia, Italy, 99 Temple of Caesar, Rome, Italy, 162 Sumstek Gompa, Alchi, Kashmir, 295, 313 Tarsney Act of 1893 (U.S.), 687 Temple of Castor, Rome, Italy, 162, 164 sun cults, 191, 200, 210–11, 389, 408 Tarxien temple, Malta, 51 Temple of Concord, Rome, Italy, 154, 162, 606 Sunga Empire, 176, 232, 235 Tash-Khovli, Khiva, 633 Temple of Demeter (Paestum, Italy), 122 Sunni Islam, 331 Tatlin, Vladimir, 715, 716, 717, 726–27 Temple of Divus Julius, Rome, Italy, 162 Sun Temple at Konarak, India, 391, 408 Tatlin’s Tower, Petrograd, Soviet Union, 655, 716 Temple of the Feathered Serpent, Teotihuacán, Sun Temple at Modhera, India, 333, 342–43 Taut, Bruno, 706, 728, 730 Mexico, 227 Supe Valley (Peru), 25 Taut, Max, 727 Temple of Fortuna Primigenia at Praeneste, Italy, Suprematists, 715 Taxila, Gandharan region (Sirkap, Pakistan), 153, 156, 170 Suryavarman I (king of Cambodia), 392 152, 157, 176, 182, 192, 232 Temple of Genius Augusti, Pompeii, Italy, 155 Suryavarman II (king of Cambodia), 389, 392–93 tea, 559 Temple of the Great Jaguar (Tikal Temple Susa, Iran, 15, 17–19, 32, 116, 233 tea ceremony, Japan, 490, 493 Complex), 266 sustainable architecture, 796–97 Tea Pavilion, Katsura Imperial Villa, Kyoto, Temple of Heaven Complex, Forbidden City, Suzdalia (Republic of Novgorod), 428 Japan, 493 Beijing, China, 442 Sweden, 710 Teishin Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, 742 Temple of Hera (Paestum, Italy), 122 Swinburne, Algernon Charles, 684 Tel Aviv, Israel, 727, 741 Temple of Hera at Samos, 87 Swiss Polytechnical School, Zurich, Switzerland, Telesterion at Eleusis, Greece, 125 Temple of Horus, Edfu, Egypt, 115, 141 649 Tell Asmar, 33 Temple of the Inscriptions, Palenque (Mayan Sybaris (Greek colony), 122 Tell Aswad, Syria, 11, 15 city-state), 328 Sydney Opera House, Australia, 723, 725, 767, Tell Brak, 32 Temple of Jupiter, Pompeii, Italy, 155 772, 787 Tell Chuera, 79 Temple of Jupiter Heliopolitanus, Baalbek, 193, synagogue construction, 249, 650–51 Tell es-Sawwan, 7, 12 210–11 Synod of Arras, 417 Tell Hassuna, 12 Temple of Kailasnath at Ellora, Aurangabad, Synthian tribes, 121 Tell Maghzaliyah, 12 India, 295, 310–11 Syon House, London, England, 606, 607 Tell Megiddo, 11 Temple of Khonsu, Barque Sanctuary of, 69 Syracus (Greek colony), 122, 154 Temenos at Delphi, Greece, 126 Temple of Khonsu at Karnak, 73 Syria, 55, 64, 74, 261 Temenos No. 3, Gonur, Margiana, 37 Temple of Luxor, 57, 64, 65, 70 Kingdom of Kush, 109 Tempietto of San Pietro, Montorio, Italy, 470–71, Temple of the Magician, Uxmal (Mayan city- Neo-Assyrian Empire, 110 472 state), 334, 335 stone masons, 255 Tempio Israeitico, Florence, Italy, 651 Temple of Mars Ultor, Rome, Italy, 162, 163 sun cults, 200 Tempio Israeitico, Rome, Italy, 651 Temple of Minerva, Rome, Italy, 162, 249 Ugarit, 79–80 temple(s) Temple of Poseidon at Isthmia, Greece, 87, 106, Etruscan society, 102 115, 121–22 Tablachaca River, 82 Greece, 121–23 Temple of Poseidon (Paestum, Italy), 122 Tadgell, Christopher, 236 Hinduism, 278 Temple of Ptolemy III at Karnak, Egypt, 140 Tagliabue, Benedetta, 795 Temple at Abu Simbel, Egypt, 57, 71 Temple of Saturn, Rome, Italy, 154, 162 Taian Teahouse, Katsura Imperial Villa, Kyoto, Temple at Bhitargaon, 231 Temple of Segesta, Sicily, Italy, 122 Japan, 490 Temple at Karnak, 64 Temple of Solomon, Jerusalem, 87, 108, 168, Taika reform, Japan, 291 Temple at Medinet Habu, 64, 65 293, 303, 573 Taizu (emperor of China), 502 Temple at Sanchi, India, 244 Temple of Trajan, Rome, Italy, 171, 172 temple building, Southeast Asia, 331 Temple of Venus, Baalbek, 211

844 ■

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 844844 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Temple of Venus Genetrix, Rome, Italy, 162 Tiepolo, Giambattista, 560 Tomé, Narciso, 576 Temple of Vespasian, Rome, Italy, 162 tierceron vaulting, 425 Tonina (Mayan city-state), 261 Temple of Vesta, Rome, Italy, 162 Tiffany, Louis Comfort, 677 Topkapi Palace, Istanbul, Turkey, 437, 448–49 Temple of Zeus at Baalbek, Lebanon, 205 Tigerman, Stanley, 784 Torres, Luis Lloréns, 769 Temple of Zeus at Olympia, Athens, Greece, El Tigre (El Mirador, Guatamala), 190 Tortugas (Andean ceremonial complex), 83 135, 153, 164 Tigris River, 11–13, 17–19, 212 Tory Party (England), 622, 631, 636 Templo Mayor complex, Tenochtitlán (Aztec Tikal (Mayan city-state), 186, 261, 264–66, 328 Toshogu Shrine, Nikko, Japan, 487–88 capital), 477–78 Tikal Temple Complex, Mayan city-state, 263, totalitarianism, 726 Temuchin. See Chengiz (Ghengis) Khan 265–67 Totsuka Country Club, Yokohama, Japan, 776 Ten Commandments, 108 Timgad, Algeria, 192, 194, 195 Touba Mosque, Senegal, 764 Ten Hours Act of 1847 (U.K.), 636, 656 Timurid, Samarkand, 435 Touro Synagogue, Newport, Rhode Island, 583, Tenison, Thomas, 573 Timurid Dynasty, 437, 446, 450–51 650, 787 Tennessee State Capitol, Nashville, Tennessee, Timur (sultan of Samakand), 450, 452 Town Hall, Gubbio, Italy, 426 599, 645 tin, 13 Townsend, Richard, 186 Tennessee Valley Authority, 726, 727 Tiryns, 77 trade Tenochtitlán (Aztec capital), 88, 227, 435, 437, Titchfi eld Priory, Hampshire, England, 549 Africa, 392, 411, 412 477–78, 526 Titicaca, Lake, 261, 267 Aksum, 213 Teopantecuanitián, Mexico, 115, 146, 193, Titus Livius (Livy), 154 Americas, 257 225–27 Tiwanaku empire, 261, 262, 267 Amsterdam, Netherlands, 546 Teotihuacán Culture, Mexico, 151, 191, 193, Tlacaélel (Mexica general), 477 Byzantium, 276, 322 227, 389 tobacco, 559, 581 calendar, 151 Tepanecs of Tlacopan, 435 Tocqueville, Alexis de, 658 caravans, 55 Tepe Sialk, 116 Toksugung Palace, Seoul, Korea, 699 Celts, 160 Tepe Yaha, 28 Tokugawa Shogunate (Japan), 486–87, 590–91, Central America, 88, 147 Teresa of Avila, 536 600, 699 Central Asia, 232, 334, 340 Terllick Tower, London, England, 777 Tokyo, Japan, 590 China, 219, 296–97, 400, 502, 551, 656 terra-cotta, 102 Tokyo City Hall, Japan, 776 colonialism, 551, 554–55 Terragni, Giuseppe, 749 Tokyo Teishin Hospital, Japan, 742 England, 548–50, 568 Teuchitlán, Mexico, 151, 186–88 Toledo Cathedral, Spain, 576 Eurasian, 98, 143, 174, 483, 602, 656 Thai kingdom, 85, 435, 456 Toltec-Chichén city-state, 333, 391 frankincense, 85 Thailand, 597, 634 Toltec Empire, 389, 432–34 Germany, 703 Thanjavur, India, 353 tomb(s) Hittite Empire, 74 Thayekhittaya (Pyu city), 246–47 barrow tombs, civilizational cultures, 22 Indus River Valley, 28–29 theater beehive tombs, Atreus, Treasury of, 78 Industrial Revolution, 638 Greece, 198 Chinese empresses, 221 Japan, 698–99, 742 Japan, 600 Christianity, 251 Khmer kingdom, 318 Roman Empire, 196, 198, 205, 326 Etruscan society, 99, 100 Kievan Russia, 363 theater at Ephesus, Turkey, 196 Jalisco, 151 Mongolian armies, 389 Theatine order, 542 Japan, 260 Parthian Empire, 212 Thebes (Waset), Egypt, 20, 39, 56, 64–66 rock-cut tombs, West Asia, 173–75 port cities, 688 Theodoric the Great (Ostrogoth king), 249, 254, Rome, 158 Roman Empire, 194 256 Tholoi tombs, 159 Russia, 545, 633 Theodosius (emperor of Rome), 254 Zoser Temple complex (Egypt), 25, 39–42 Sabaean kingdom, 107 Theotokos Tou Libos, Istanbul, Turkey, 295, 323 Tomb of Absolum, Jerusalem, 158 South Asia, 180, 214, 216, 238 Theravada Buddhism, 179, 312 “tomb of the Christian woman” (Kbour-er- Southeast Asia, 246–48, 314, 392 Thesmophoria (festival), 125 Roumia), Algiers, 159 Venice, Italy, 522 Thiene,Gaetano da, 536 Tomb of Cyrus the Great, Pasargadae, Iran, 118 West Asia, 36, 116, 212, 213 Thierry, Augustin, 641 Tomb of the First Emperor (Lishan, China), 184 zone of interconnection concept, 25 Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), 522, 566 Tomb of Fu Hao, 59 Trajan (emperor of Rome), 151, 171–72, 210 Thodoric the Great (king of the Ostrogoths), 250 Tomb of Ghias-ud-Din Tughlaq, India, 407 Trajan’s Column, Rome, Italy, 171, 172 Tholoi tombs, 159 Tomb of Hor Aba at Saqqara, Egypt, 21 Treasury of Athens, Delphi, 126, 127 Thoreau, Henry David, 667 Tomb of Ibrahim II, Bijapur, India, 512 Treasury of Atreus, 57, 78 Thorman, Jerry, 778 Tomb of the Julli, St. Rémy, France, 573 Treasury of Siphnos at Delphi, 128 Thornton, William, 621 Tomb of King Thodoric, Ravenna, Italy, 231, 256 Trenton Bath House, Trenton, New Jersey, 781 Thuparama Stupa, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, Tomb of Marcus Vergilius Eurysaces, Rome, 158 Trier, Germany, 249 218 Tomb of St. James, Santiago de Compostela, Trinity Church, Boston, Massachusetts, 655, Thutmosis III (pharoah 0f Egypt), 64, 65, 68 Spain, 374 674–75, 679, 686 Tiahuanaco empire, 267 Tomb of Sextius Florentinus, Petra, Jordan, 204 Trissino, Giangiorgio, 523 Tiberius (emperor of Rome), 165 Tomb of Sultan Qalawun, Cairo, Egypt, 413 Troost, Paul Ludwig, 750 Tibet, 295, 317, 331, 485, 499–501, 551, 587, Tomb of Zeng Hou Yi, Sui Zhou, China, 115, 150 Trygvason, Olav (Viking king), 388 602 tombs at Umm el-Qaab, Abydos, Egypt, 20–21 Tsukamoto, Yoshiharu, 795

■ 845

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 845845 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Tuby, Jean-Baptist, 565 urbanization Versailles, Château de, France, 563–65, 620 Tughlaqabad, India, 405, 407 Central America, 88, 264, 334 Vespasian (emperor of Rome), 168 Tughlaq dynasty, 452 China, 55, 792 Viceroy’s Palace, New Delhi, India, 709 Tula (Toltec city), 389, 391, 432–34 City Beautiful Movement, 653, 686 Victorian England, 599, 649, 652, 653, 656–61, Tulija Lena, India, 180 Egypt, 39–46 689 Turkey, 331, 366, 379–83, 727, 740 Eighteenth Century, 551 Victorian Gothic style, 672 Turkish War (1646), 522 Europe, 47–51 Victorian style, 666, 684 Tuscany, 376–77 Garden City Movement, 689 Victoria (queen of England), 656, 660 TWA Terminal, John F. Kennedy International global, 435 Victoria Terminus, Mumbai, India, 655, 662, 672 Airport, New York, New York, 725, 768 globalization, 792 Victory Hall, Berlin, Germany, 750 25b, rue Franklin, Paris, France, 655, 700 Hellinistic Age, 135–42 Vidyadhar, 626 typhoid fever, 636 Industrial Revolution, 597 Vienna, Austria, 701, 750 Tyrwhitt, Jacqueline, 765 Normans, 370 Vienna Congress (1813), 623 North America, 336–37 Vierzehnheiligen, 553 Ubaids, 32 port cities, 688 Vietnam, 85, 635 Ubirr culture, 2 Roman Empire, 194–97 Vigevano, Italy, 543 Uffi zi Gallery, Florence, Italy, 485, 531 South America, 25, 52–54, 88, 222–23, 264 Vignola, Giacomo Barozzi da, 528–29, 532 Uganda Railway, 737 South Asia, 28–31 Viipuri Library, 726 Ugarit, 60, 79–80 West Asia, 32–38 Vijayanagara kingdom, India, 510–12 Uigher Mongols, 499 urban villa, Rome, 157 Viking raiders, 367, 388, 438 Ulugh Beg Madrasa, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Urfa, Turkey, 4, 26 Vikramaditya (Gupta king), 235 451, 627 Uruguayan modernism, 769, 772 villa(s), Rome, 157 Umayyad Caliphate, 293, 295, 304, 306, 333 Uruk, 6, 17–19, 32, 35, 86 Villa and Palazzo Barberini, 532 Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, Syria, 295, 303–4 Uruk, Temple at, 7 Villa and Palazzo Borghese (Camillo Borghese, Umm el-Qaab, Abydos, Egypt, royal tombs at, 20 Uruk Period, 7 Pope Paul V), 532 Ungers, Oswald, 723 Usonian Houses, 744 Villa Barbaro, Veneto, Italy, 523, 563 Union Buildings, Pretoria, South Africa, 709 Ustad, Lal Chand, 627 Villa Chiericati, Veneto, Italy, 525 Union of Florence, 544 Utamaro, Kitagawa, 685 Villa Emo, Veneto, Italy, 523 United Kingdom. See also England Utens, Giusto, 469 Villa Farnese, Caprarola, Italy, 485, 532–33 China, 597, 699 utopianism, 641, 730, 744 Villa Foscari, Mira, Italy, 523, 582, 606 civilizational cultures, 23 Utzon, Jørn, 723, 767, 772, 774 Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy, 657 Egypt invaded by, 653 Uxmal (Mayan city-state), 333, 334–35 Villa Jovis, Isle of Capri, Italy, 165 India, 630–32, 709 Uzbek people, 633 Villa Mairea, Noormarkku, Finland, 725, 742–43 Stone Age, 3, 5, 27 Villa Medici, Poggio a Caiano, Italy, 469, 668 United Nations Educational, Scientifi c and Vadakkunnathan Temple, Trichur, India, 391, Villa Müller, 655 Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 727, 410 Villanueva, Carlos Raúl, 769 787, 797 Valdiva cultures, 56–57 Villa Pamphili, 532 United Nations Headquarters Building, New Valhalla, Regensburg, Germany, 599, 644 Villa Rotonda, Veneto, Italy, 485, 524, 582 York, New York, 757 Valley Temple of Khafre at Giza, 43, 45 Villa Savoye, Poissy, Paris, France, 655, 720–21, United Shoe Machinery Company, Beverly, Valois Rule, 437 726 Massachusetts, 704 Vanbrugh, John, 571, 619 Villa Trissino, Veneto, Italy, 525 United States, 619–21 Van Brunt, Henry, 652, 687 Vinca Culture, 13 campus architecture, 683 Vandals, 254 Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène Emmanuel, 597, 646–47, Civil War, 655, 672, 687 Van de Velde, Henry, 677, 684, 728 668, 674, 684, 700 Gothic style, 652 Van Doesburg, Theo, 713, 719 Virgil, 154 Great Depression, 655, 698 Varanasi, 85, 86, 87, 96–97 Virginia Penitentiary, Richmond, Virginia, 639 Greek Revival, 645 Vargas, Getulio, 727, 746, 758 Virginia State Capitol, Raleigh, Virginia, 597, 619 Industrial Revolution, 637 Vasari, Giogio, 531 Virgin Mary cult, 470. See also martyria utopianism, 641 Vastu-Shastras, 347 Virupaksha Temple, Pattadakal, India, 295, United States Capitol Building, Washington, DC, Vatican Belvedere, Italy, 473 308–9 571, 597, 617, 620–21, 669 vaulting, 327, 372, 385, 425, 772 Vishnavite Buddism, 389 United States Civil War, 655, 672, 687 Vaux, Calvert, 667 Vishnu Temple at Deogarth, 263, 278 Unités d’Habitation, Marseille, France, 731, 759 Vedic altar, 278 Visigoths, 250, 254, 275, 306 Univeristy Hall, Mumbia, India, 672 Vedic period, 55, 113, 244 Vitruvius (Marcus Vitruvius Pollio), 156, 164, University of Chicago, 683 Veii (Etruscan city), 99 462, 469, 568, 573 University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 782 Velhatri (Etruscan city), 99 Vladimir-Suzdal (Republic of Novgorod), 428 Ur, 27, 32–33, 33, 38 Venetian Republic, 435 volcanic activity, 23, 63, 88–89, 155 Ur, Ziggurat at, 34–35 Venice, Italy, 376, 457, 522 Volga River, 268, 545 Urartu society, 85, 98 Venturi, Robert, 723, 783, 784, 785 Voltaire, 612 Urban VIII (pope of Rome), 540 Veracruz (Olmec settlement), 85 Volterra (Etruscan city), 86, 87, 99 urban core, 776 Verona, Italy, 376 Volwahsen, Andreas, 347

846 ■

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 846846 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Voysey, Charles Francis Annesley, 677 trade, 116 Xerxes (king of Persia), 116 Vrah Vishnulok. See Angkor Wat (Vrah urbanization, 32–38 Xia dynasty (China), 25, 57, 58 Vishnulok), Cambodia Westerkerk, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 547 Xi’an (Hao), China, 85, 93, 148, 183 Vrajji Confederacy (Indo-Aryan kingdom), 96 Western Zhou Dynasty, 57 Xianyang, China, 114, 148–49, 152, 183 Vulci (Etruscan city), 99 wheel, 7 Xianyang Palace, China, 115, 149, 152 Vyadhapura (Angkor Borei, South Asian city), Whig party (England), 581, 582, 584, 585, 606, Xishuipo, Henan Province, China, tomb at, 10 247 622, 636, 656, 657 Xumifushoumiao temple, Chengde, China, 603 Whistler, James, 685 Wadi Kubbaniyain (Egypt) culture, 2, 3 White, John B., 47 Yahmad (king of Aleppo), 79 Wagner, Otto, 684 White, Stanford, 680 Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Wainright Building, St. Louis, Missouri, 691 White Horse Monastery (Baima-si), 238 Connecticut, 725, 755 Walker & McGough, 777 The White Monastery (Deir-el-Abiad), Suhag, Yamada, Mamoru, 742 Walking City (Herron), 778 Egypt, 254 Yamanashi Press and Broadcasting Center, Kofu, Walpole, Horace, 581, 585, 609, 642 White Stupa, 587 Japan, 723 Wang (empress of China), 184 White Temple (Uruk), 19 Yamato clan, Japan, 260 Wangcheng (Luoyang), China, 85, 86, 94–95 Wichita House (Fuller), 735 yangban (Korean administrators), 592 Wang Mang Interregnum, 153, 193 Wiener Moderne, 701 Yangshao Culture, 5, 8–9, 10, 58 Wang Yueh (Ming general), 502 Wiggermann, A. M., 34 Yangtze River, 8, 10 Wanli (emperor of China), 495, 497, 498 Wilde, Oscar, 684 Yaoshan Ritual Altar, 7, 10 Warchavchik, Gregori, 746 Wild Goose Pagoda, Chang’an, China, 286, 296 Yaroslavovich, Vladimir, 363 Ward, Barbara, 765 Wilhelmina (queen of the Netherlands), 712 Yasodharaapura (Khmer capital), 392, 394 Ware, William Robert, 652 Wiligelmo, 376 Yaxchilan (Mayan city-state), 261 warfare Wilkins, St. Clair, 672 Yazsovarman I (Khmer king), 320 Eighteenth Century, 551 William I (king of Prussia), 650 Yellow River, 8, 9, 58 Hittite Empire, 74 William the Conqueror (king of England), 372 Yemen, 85, 107 Indo-Aryans, 96 William of Volpiano, 370 Yenidze Tabakfrabik, Dresden, Germany, 702 iron, 85 Williams, Roger, 583 Yesil Cami Mosque, Bursa, Turkey, 446 Zhou Dynasty, 93 Williamsburg, Virginia, 787 Yi Jing, 238 War of 1812, 599 Winn Memorial Public Library, Woburn, Yik’in Chan K’awiil (Tikal ruler), 264 War of the Austrian Succession (1704), 571, 574 Massachusetts, 675 Yin, China, 59 War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714), Winslow House, 655 Yingxian Timber Pagoda, 333 551 Winter Palace, St. Petersburg, Russia, 553, 577, Yingzhao Fashi (Huizong), 391, 400–401, 441 Warring States Period (Zhou Dynasty), 93, 620 Ying Zheng (Shi Huangdi, emperor of China), 148–49, 185 Wittelsbach, Otto von, 644 183 Wars of the Grand Alliance (1688-1697), 571 Wollaton Hall, Nottngham, England, 548 Yi Songgye, 443 Waset. See Thebes (Waset), Egypt Woodland Cemetery Chapel, Stockholm, Yomeimon, Toshogu Shrine, Nikko, Japan, 487 Washington, DC, 597, 620–21 Sweden, 655, 710 Yongle Emperor (China), 495–96. See also Zhu water closet, 599 Woolworth, Frank W., 691 Di (emperor of China) Waterhouse, Alfred, 660 Woolworth Building, New York, New York, 690, Yorimichi, Fujiwara no, 361 Waterloo, Battle of, 656 691 Yoshimitsu, Ashikaga, 444 Wat Pra Kaew, Thailand (Siam), 599, 634–35 workhouses, 640 Yoshizaka, Takamasa, 786 Wat Rat Burana, Thailand, 456 world fairs, 664. See also specifi c fairs and Yuan Dynasty, 389, 391, 402–3, 437, 499 Wat Si Sanpet, Thailand, 456 exhibitions Yuanming Gardens, 553 Watt, James, 584 World Heritage List, 797 Yuanmingyuan, Beijing, China, 588 Watts Sherman House, Newport, Rhode Island, World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893, Chicago, Yucatán Peninsula, 151, 186, 189, 261, 264– 680 Illinois, 682, 686, 687 67, 328–29, 331, 389, 432–34 Webb, Michael, 778 World War I, 653, 655, 698, 706 Yungang Caves, 231, 238, 239, 240 Weimar Republic, 726 World War II, 655, 727, 748 Yuwen Kai, 297 Weissenhof Siedlung Exhibition, Weissenhof, Wren, Christopher, 566, 569, 570, 571, 572, Germany, 1927, 723, 724, 728–29 583, 612 Zacatecas, Mexico, 526 Weiyang Palace, Chang’an, China, 220 Wright, Frank Lloyd, 653, 684, 692, 694–95, Zagros Mountains, 5, 11, 12, 15, 33 Wellesley, Richard, 632 696, 711, 722, 723, 726, 739, 742, Zagwe Dynasty, 391 Werkbund Exhibition, Cologne, Germany, 703 744–45, 763, 786, 796 Zapotec people, 186, 257–59, 331 Werlemann, Hans, 793 Wrigley Building, Chicago, Illinois, 655, 692, 736 Zarathustra, 234 West Asia Writers’ Building, Calcutta, India, 599, 630–31 Zementwahrenfabrikanten Deutschlands, Aksum, 213 writing, 17, 55 Germany, 703 colonialism, 555 Wudi (emperor of China), 219 Zen Buddhism, 444, 445, 486, 490, 494 instability in, 55 Wyatt, Charles, 632 Zeng Hou Yi, Tomb of, Sui Zhou, China, 115, Parthian Empire, 212 Wylde, William, 636 150 religion, 191 Zeno (emperor of Byzantium), 250, 256 rock-cut tombs, 173–75 Xavier, Francis, 536, 537 Zeo (emperor of Cilicia), 255

■ 847

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 847847 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM INDEX

Zeppelilnfeld, 725 Zeppelin Tribune, Nuremberg, Germany, 750 Zeus, 60–63, 104 Zevi, Bruno, 747 Zeyrek Camii. See Church of Christ Pantokrator, Istanbul, Turkey Zhao Gong complex, China, 183 Zheng He (Chinese admiral), 484, 502, 634 Zhengtong (emperor of China), 439, 502 Zhengzhou, China, 55, 56, 57, 58, 86 Zhou Dynasty, 57, 85, 87, 93–95, 115, 116, 148, 150, 152 Zhu Di (emperor of China), 439, 441, 495–96 Zhu Yuanzhang, 439 Ziggurat at Ur, 27, 34–35, 716 Zimri-Lim (king of Ugarit), 79, 80 zone of interconnection concept, trade, 25 Zoroastrianism, 113, 182, 191, 212, 233, 234, 629 Zoser Temple complex (Egypt), 25, 39–42 Zuiderkerk, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 485, 546–47 Zurich, Switzerland, 662 Zwinger, 553

848 ■

226_402573_bindex.indd6_402573_bindex.indd 848848 110/25/100/25/10 9:339:33 AMAM