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Scientific Integrity and Transparency Hearing SCIENTIFIC INTEGRITY AND TRANSPARENCY HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION TUESDAY, MARCH 5, 2013 Serial No. 113–10 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 79–929PDF WASHINGTON : 2013 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HON. LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas, Chair DANA ROHRABACHER, California EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas RALPH M. HALL, Texas ZOE LOFGREN, California F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois Wisconsin DONNA F. EDWARDS, Maryland FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma FREDERICA S. WILSON, Florida RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas ERIC SWALWELL, California PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia DAN MAFFEI, New York STEVEN M. PALAZZO, Mississippi ALAN GRAYSON, Florida MO BROOKS, Alabama JOSEPH KENNEDY III, Massachusetts RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois SCOTT PETERS, California LARRY BUCSHON, Indiana DEREK KILMER, Washington STEVE STOCKMAN, Texas AMI BERA, California BILL POSEY, Florida ELIZABETH ESTY, Connecticut CYNTHIA LUMMIS, Wyoming MARC VEASEY, Texas DAVID SCHWEIKERT, Arizona JULIA BROWNLEY, California THOMAS MASSIE, Kentucky MARK TAKANO, California KEVIN CRAMER, North Dakota VACANCY JIM BRIDENSTINE, Oklahoma RANDY WEBER, Texas CHRIS STEWART, Utah VACANCY SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH HON. LARRY BUCSHON, Indiana, Chair STEVEN M. PALAZZO, Mississippi DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois MO BROOKS, Alabama ZOE LOFGREN, California STEVE STOCKMAN, Texas AMI BERA, California CYNTHIA LUMMIS, Wyoming ELIZABETH ESTY, Connecticut JIM BRIDENSTINE, Oklahoma EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas (II) C O N T E N T S Tuesday, March 5, 2013 Page Witness List ............................................................................................................. 2 Hearing Charter ...................................................................................................... 3 Opening Statements Statement by Representative Larry Bucshon, Chairman, Subcommittee on Research, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives .................................................................................................... 5 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 6 Statement by Representative Daniel Lipinski, Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Research, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives ............................................................................ 7 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 8 Witnesses: Dr. Bruce Alberts, Editor-in-Chief, Science Magazine and Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California – San Francisco Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 9 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 12 Dr. Victoria Stodden, Assistant Professor of Statistics, Columbia University Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 20 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 22 Dr. Stanley Young, Assistant Director for Bioinformatics, National Institutes of Statistical Sciences Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 48 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 51 Mr. Sayeed Choudhury, Associate Dean for Research Data Management at Johns Hopkins University and Hodson Director of the Digital Research and Curation Center Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 54 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 56 Discussion ................................................................................................................. 63 Appendix I: Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Dr. Bruce Alberts, Editor-in-Chief, Science Magazine and Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California – San Francisco .... 74 Dr. Victoria Stodden, Assistant Professor of Statistics, Columbia University ... 80 Dr. Stanley Young, Assistant Director for Bioinformatics, National Institutes of Statistical Sciences .......................................................................................... 86 Mr. Sayeed Choudhury, Associate Dean for Research Data Management at Johns Hopkins University and Hodson Director of the Digital Research and Curation Center ............................................................................................ 92 (III) SCIENTIFIC INTEGRITY AND TRANSPARENCY TUESDAY, MARCH 5, 2013 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY, Washington, D.C. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 10:01 a.m., in Room 2318 of the Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Larry Bucshon [Chairman of the Subcommittee] presiding. (1) 2 LAMAR S, SMITH, Te-xs$: CHAIRMAN EDOIE BERNICE JOHNSON. Texas RANtaNG MEMBER crongftss of the ilnittd ~tatts 1!\Oll5t of RtpftsmtatfDts COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY 2321 RAVBURN HOUSE OFFICE BUllDlNG WASHINGTON, DC 20515-8301 (202)225-6371 www.stTence.house.gov Subcommittee on Research Scientific Integrity and Transparency Tuesday, March 5, 2013 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p:m. 2318 Rayburn House Office Building Prof. Bruce Alberts, Professor of Biochemistry, University of California San Francisco Prof. Victoria Stodden, Assistant Professor'of Statistics, Columbia University Dr. Stanley Young, Assistant Director for Bioinformatics, National Institute of Statistical Sciences Mr. Sayeed Choudhury, Associate Dean for Research Data Management at Johns Hopkins University and Hodson Dixector of the Digital Research and Curation Center 3 U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH HEARING CHARTER Scientific Integrity and Transparency TUESDAY, MARCH 5, 2013 10:00 A.M. TO 12:00 P.M. 2318 RAYBURN HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING Purpose At 10 AM on Tuesday, March 5, 2013, the Subcommittee on Research will hold a hearing titled Scientific Integrity and Transparency. This hearing will provide Members an opportunity to understand the problem of access to underlying data from published research funded by the federal government, and why access to this underlying data is vital to scientific integrity and transparency for peer reviewed research. On March 29th, 2012 the Investigation and Oversight Subcommittee held a hearing entitled, ‘‘Federally Funded Research: Examining Public Access and Scholarly Publication Interests.’’ 1 The focus of this past hearing was on open access to publications, whereas the focus of this hearing is on open access to data used in federal research. Witnesses • Prof. Bruce Alberts, Professor of Biochemistry, University of California San Francisco • Prof. Victoria Stodden, Assistant Professor of Statistics, Columbia University • Dr. Stanley Young, Assistant Director for Bioinformatics, National Institute of Statistical Sciences • Mr. Sayeed Choudhury, Associate Dean for Research Data Management at Johns Hopkins University and Hodson Director of the Digital Research and Curation Center Overview The bedrock of the scientific process is the ability to replicate the experimental claims made by researchers. These claims include both the generation of data and the analysis of data by computer software and code. Scientists rarely reproduce the work of others since they neither have the time nor the resources to reliably rep- licate the work of their colleagues; instead, they often trust these claims and rely on the peer review process and their colleagues to share their data and analysis methods when needed. This exchange allows for scientists and companies to exploit the latest insights to develop new directions in their research, and allows them to maximize the impact of federal research investment. Thus, scientific progress cannot occur unless there is a strong culture of integrity and transparency. Unfortunately, the current system has demonstrated several flaws. The current incentive system rewards researchers who publish in journals, but preparation of data for others’ use is not an important part of this reward structure. The process of peer review, which the scientific community views as its primary means to check scientific integrity in journal publications, oftentimes does not try to replicate the results of submitted papers. Fellow researchers conducting the peer review for pub- lication rarely ask for the original data of the submitted paper they are reviewing, and focus instead on whether the claims made in the paper are plausible. They sim- ply assume the underlying data is valid. In a recent study by Young and Karr, up- 1 http://science.house.gov/hearing/subcommittee-investigations-and-oversight-hearing-exam-
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