LAG organ the ANARCHIST BLACK CROSS Vol. IV No. 12 December 1976 15p

A HAPPY NEW YEAR TO ALL OUR READERS - PLEASE REMEMBER YOUR COMRADES BEHIND BARS! (cover by Cohnnha l.onginorc. Citrragh Military Prison. Eire)

;i**i if.

THE UNIFORM NAY BE DIFFERENT BUT THE FACE IS ALWAYS THE SANE

NEWS OF THE MURRAYS APPEAL: The Dublin Supreme Court s. •:> t enced Noel Murray to life imprisonment and orderod a re-trial for Marie, to he held in the same no jury Special Criminal Court, on I he original charges of Capital Murder. Continued support and solidarity with the Murrays is vital. The London Murray Defence Group are h.oldin;- a publ ic meeting Friday 14 Jan- uary (.7pm), Conway Ha 1 I , Red Lion Sq^ Lo' flon WC1 We ur^c^ all to attend. Black Flag Vol. IV No. 12 Dec. '76 Provisional List of Libertarian Prisoners BACK IN THE USSR . . . still in Spanish Jails. Printed & Pub. by Black Flag Grp., The inhuman treatment of thousands of Subs. £3.00 per 12 issues (home) In the Carcel Modelo of Barcelona are people still continues. Vladimir Bukovsky Canada, Australia, N. Zealand Emilio Barbera Guiu, Jorge Cananellas (33) has now spent one third of his life (air mail) £6.00 (U.S. $3.00 Ronsell, Fernando Melallino Serrano. in prison, Since 1972 he has been in Black Flag, Over The Water, Under the October Amnesty, Vicente Vladimir prison, noted for its severity. Sanday, Orkney, KW17 2BL Iglesias Romero has been released. and has contracted a rheumatic heart, a In the prison of Granada are Jose Juan liver complaint and an eye infection as CNT APPEAL Martinez Ginez, Cristona Valenzuela a result of his treatment. He is kept on The National Committee of the CNT in Marcos. a minimum diet, despite the objections Spain has issued a world-wide appeal to In Alicante, remains Fernando Carballo of the prison doctor, and is confined all comrades and sympathisers asking for Blanco, whose case is one of the worst, in an unventilated cell. contributions towards re-establishing the 25 years in prison and still 18 years to Dr. Semyon Gluzman (28) refused a confederal newspaper "CNT." The serve, he has surely suffered more than post at a psychiatric hospital where C.P., Socialists, Social Democrats etc.. one can expect of anyone. dissident mathematician Leonoid Plyushch all have enormous resources at their Cartagena: Jose Luis Pons Llovet is in (now released) was detained. He wrote disposal for the publishing of their own Cartagena. a critique of the official diagnosis, for papers and the myth-making which which he was sentenced to 7 years. While follows. The CNT however, has no In the demonstration for the Murrays in prison with Bukovsky, at camp VS government or "contributions" from in Madrid on 2nd October, and in the 389/35 they wrote a Manual on sympathetic companies to fall back on. protests against the economic measures Psychiatry for Dissidents, -for which the Its financial support rests entirely with of the government, on the 1 2th November, authorities have threatened a new trial. those militants who are prepared to were arrested: - Other dissidents suffering at the hands support it morally, physically and Madrid: Alejandro Nicolas Novaguer, of Russian psychiatrists at present FINANCIALLY! At this crucial Valentin Antonio Gil Opez, Amadeo include Zinovyi Krasivsky and Anatole moment in time they need our help Saguar Ortea. (all detained over the Ponomaryov. badly and it is up to us to ensure CNT Murray demonstrations against the According to Amnesty International that we nive them what we can - and Irish Embassy.) there are 330 prisons and concentration more! In Malaga: Francisco Tomas Lopez de camps in the USSR for political prisoners las Huertas, Aurelio Palma, Francisco alone. Many of these are Ukrainians Jimenez Ruiz, and in Murcia, ten such as historian Valentyn Moroz, comrades, not yet named. Miguel Garcia writes: One of the journalist Sviatoslav Karavansky, lawyer They urgently need support. A Lev Lukyanenko. artist Stefania Anarchist fighters in Spain who becam prisoners aid committee has been set up legendary in his lifetime as organiser o! Shabatura and poetess Iryna Stasiv in Madrid with which the Anarchist the post-war guerrilla resistance in Kalynets, all of whom are serving sentences Black Cross i Pontevedra. has just died in Vigo ranging from eight to fourteen years. Contact: — (August). Jose Luis Quintas Figu SOLIDARITY APPEAL was a member of the anarcho-syndic Committee for Defence of Ukrainian CNT from his youth. Early in 1936, General Defense Committee (IWW). Political Prisoners in the USSR, some armed Falangist attacked the Local 4, in Agana. Guam, is asking for 49 Linden Gardens, Notting Hill Gate, workers in Galicia; the anarchists were a steady flow of contributions that will London W2 4HG. Campaign Against Psychiatric Abuses, ready for them, and in the ensuing go to the aid of our imprisoned comrades c/o Dr. Lawrence Ratna, Napsbury battle Luis Collazo. leader of the in the Philippines. Thousands languish Hospital, St. Albans, Herts. Galicia Falange, was killed and Quintas in the "detention centres" of the Marcos wounded. He was taken to hospital, dictatorship. Their crimes: opposing HURRY HURRY! BOOK NOW! from which he escaped on the 20th July Marcos and his fascist "New Society." The A.B.C. will be organizing the to join the fighters in the civil war. In One need only read the daily new papers British Premiere f two films by the 1939 he continued the fight inside and weekly news magazines to know that anarchist Pacific Street Film Collect- Spain. the torture of class-war prisoners is ive: Martin Sostre and Red Squad. Eventually Quintas was captured practiced every day. Local 4 hopes to This is a unique opportunity to see and charged with the murder of Collazo; provide more concrete information in two excellent anarchist films so if condemned to death but commuted to the future. But for now we need your you wish either to see it in London 21 years which he served in the prison help! or arrange to have it shown in your Make your cheques and money orders of Santona. town let us know as soon as possible. He was buried in the civil cemetery of payable to "G.D.C., Local 4," and P.P. ZAHL Letters of support to:- Pereiro the coffin covered with a indicated that they are earmarked for aid defiant flag of the CNT local and to our Filipino fellow workers. Mail Rochusstr. 350. 5000 Koln 30, Germany. followed by relatives, friends and them to G.D.C., P.O. Box 864, Agana, militants. Guam, 96910, USA. intended to kill the Prime Minister him- military officer at all. What was he? ANARCHO-QU1Z self. Though McNaghton was found to 5. For the first time in the history of Paschal Grousset (1845-1909). member be not responsible for his actions, which the Russian Empire, and never repeated of the Paris Commune - afterwards trans- political tendency was accused of incite- since, on February 1st 1918 and for ported to New Caledonia -- escaped to ment? nearly a fortnight thereafter, there England and, after the amnesty, returned 3. When Peel did die. who did Queen were no political prisoners, no State to France as an Independent Socialist Victoria blame at the time at least? massacres, no deportations, no oppresion, deputy. What newspaper did he edit from 4. During the revolution in Paris of no State theft. True or false? exile which transformed French life, 1848, the crowds saw "General" 6. When it came down to it, which traditional values and even physical Chateaurenard in the Boulevard du party in the USA did Karl Marx support? condition? Temple, and carried him off triumphantly (answers on page 15) 2. When, in 1843, McNaghten killed Sir to the Hotel de Ville, to make him Robert Peel's secretary, it was alleged he governor of Paris. But he was not a TERRORISM From the bashing that "terrorism" gets to another. They consider their nation a special armed police to fight the in the press one would think it has super- is at war with another nation. It is workers' organisation - and when the ceded the nuclear war as the major purely a matter of which side you're on workers fought back it was "terrorism." danger facing the human race. The word as to whether the French Resistance is But when the armed forces of the State has changed its meaning drastically but called "terrorist" (the Germans called it rose up against the Republic itself, this even in the current meaning, one would such, the Allies didn't). Precisely the was never regarded as terrorism (even by have thought it a lesser evil to war, same reasoning applies to the Irish or its enemies). For the first time, too. especially on the levels it can reach these the Arabs. They are indiscriminate in Spanish anarcho-syndicalism was not days. Yet journalists who are silent about their attacks because they are nationalist "terrorist!" the struggle Wd-^was napalm bombings in warfare can work - as long as they "hit the enemy" it does "legal." But because it did not surrender themselves up, over drinks, to a fine not matter to them what their position in ll)3l). but carried on the struggle display of written invective against in society is. They differ from national after legal recognition was withdrawn, it "terrorist attacks" — which happen to armies such as the British. German. became "terrorist" once again. But not involve fewer casualties than drunken Russian, American, only in status. The immediately. For six years it escaped driving. It is always the retail department difference is not moral but legal. Their internationally, though not at home. of murder that is condemned, never the nations are not legally recognised. They that definition. The rest of the world wholesale. are not legal armies. The point of law is was at war and anti-Fascism in Spain was "Terrorism" was a charge first used sometimes obscure, but it is a lawyer's somehow respectable . . . not that it did against the Anarchists when it meant definition nevertheless. it any good. Immediately after !l)45. precisely the opposite of what it does Anarchist resistance has always been for carrying on the same struggle in the today, (like the term "petty bourgeois" highly discriminate. But il is incredible same fashion, il was labelled "terrorist" when used by the Marxists!) Certain that it gets the "bad name" by the press once more! States used indiscriminate terror against incredible, if it were not so obviously The mass murders by the State under their populations, or part of the population. deliberate. The West German Government General Franco alter the civil war were Against the mass terrorism, anarchists - regards its greatest heroes as those gencials never regarded by the world as "terrorist" in Russia, Nihilists and Social Revolution- who "saved Germany's name" by one Only people who made an effort to resist aries too (not the same thing, despite the attack on Hitler. They arc posthumously were thai. ill-informed impression to the contrary) granted legal status but they were at the It is clear that the definition of a — used individual terrorism against time "terrorists." But they were vicious, terrorist is. someone carrying on armed specified individuals identified with that repressive, in peace and war. and turned struggle without benefit of a recognised mass terrorism. on Hitler because he was losing. The power, unless it is politically convenient This infringed the "monopoly" which Germ&lnarchists made'tfuee attacks to Jo otherwise. every State likes to take for itself - on Hitler, the Italian anarchists four or Nobody can. from a libertarian nobody considers there is anything five on Mussolini, the Spanish anarchists standard, defend nationalistic attacks untoward in a man or woman being one on Hitler and Franco together and any more than war. By the same stan- executed for actual crimes committed, numerous on Franco. That is why they dard, it is a surrender to conlormity as when it is done legally and in the course are called "terrorists" and even anarchists base ;is support of war. to join in the of State "jjjstice" (except on grounds of don't say too much about these attempts attacks on "anarchists" as "terrorists." compassion and even then they think because they feel it gives them a bad The usual reason is the belief that police there should be some alternative name! repression follows not only an actual punishment). The attack by these The Spanish Anarchist movement Anarchist resistance, but on any individuals at the risk or sacrifice of their a case history in the misapplication of "terrorism" of any nature, not by anar- own lives, on murderers who happen to the term "terrorism." Automatically all chists at all because the press labels be in positions of State, and unreachable. writers reach for the word as avidly as a them as such. It is a false notion since some of whose crimes exceeded those of pay packet. From the first it had to it suggests that fascists and capitalists any possible illegal criminal, created fight back against State terrorism which are incapable of making attacks on horror in the press of the time. came down even against the barest working people without just cause, that "Terrorism" as the word's now used is notion of trade union organisation. only "action" by the people provokes of a totally different nature. They were therefore regarded as terror- such attacks. National terrorists oppose one nation ists. Even under the Republic there was

'Anarcho Patriots of Black Flag9

Us? Indeed, according to World way Fifth Estate published it. it seemed condemns us as patriots because we Revolution (no. 8) published by a pretty good. But "World Revolution" support the Resistance against Franco. mysterious Uruguayan businessman who says crossly it was originally written by There should have been no resistance: finances several publications in different them, and "important sections" were trade unionism (which he thinks is languages, giving no real addresses, other left out, which would have made it a identical with the CNT) is counter- than a post box and unknown to our different article altogether. Lenin revolutionary, "terrorism" is "pepy contacts in Montevideo. approved of national struggles in some bourgeois" (favourite Marxist cant) - Do we wave the Union Jack, toast circumstances and they can show us his imagine, in the present day sense, of the Queen, call for measures to strengthen works to prove it. the word chartered accountants, tc the economy? Do we even advocate Not having seen the original, we servants, technologists, businessmen nationalism? No, his beef is that we can't comment. But the "anarcho- carrying out "terrorism!" (All reproduced an article attacking patriots" is a curious reference; the members of "World Revolution" nationalism, from Fifth Estate! The writer, signing himself C.D. Ward, incidentally, come in this category). (conl. over) Anarcho Patriots (cont.) There is some confusion in their minds ROON'N'ABOOT as to the degree of support the post-war Resistance got from abroad. The answer : Nil. The policy of "World Revolution" is succeeds in being funny in parts:- WORM IN THE WOOD Herman Gorten unconsciously crossed If we all live in a state of anarchy, The film "The Messenger" lias been re- with Erich von Daniken. They are shall we not be vulnerable to a take-over titled to avoid offending Moslem doing the usual middle class trick of by Soviet Russia'' Or even Uganda'.' susceptibilities lest the old camel driver picking up working class ideas and using himself he thought to be represented by Not if we create such a state of them in an elitist fashion. Adopting an actor, though "Green Pastures" long affairs that nobody would want to take wholesale chunks of "Workers Dread- since, though alter a tussle, got away with us over. Try to visualise Britain as one nought" a fighting anti-parliamentary (.od himself appearing in person. God enormous pop festival which has run out communist paper in its day (but the however, like the Pope, has no battalions. of flea powder, or a loose confederation group later, finding itself isolated, The interesting part about Mohammed of bitchy communes, with absolutely no turned to whole hearted support of (whatever the film may say) is his gold reserves. the Emperor of Ethiopia, the paper implacable hatred of idolatry. Why9 At Britain's real anarchists, says Punch, becoming "New Times & Ethiopia least, as farlyle pointed out "there was a "meet in pubs and publish underground News) - they adopt the theories of kind of lasting merit" in the idolator's papers with titles like Black Flag, Herman Gorten: Worke-rs councils are worship, recognition of a beauty in nature. Freedom and Heatwave . . . "(Thanks the sole basis for organisation compris lie did not really think the image his own for the plug, but "underground?" And ing the whole proletariat at the hands had made was God; but only an at the risk of admitting ignorance, what's place of work which of course emblem of what he thought was God. and "Heatwave?") It even has some good happened at the time of the German the most vigorous Puritan had his points "today student protest has fizzled Revolution of 1918, times of Confession of Faith or his representation out (they are all too busy writing job revolution elsewhere, but which does of divine things, or we might, add -- his applications) but parents have begun to not allow for the struggle to proceed Koran, or indeed his State - for an idol. show an unexpected taste for revolution ." during the times of apathy. "All idolatry is comparative and the But how it does its best to present a false Von Danniken is the man who worst Idolatry only more idolatrous." picture, but no one can be so lacking in believes that spacemen came to this he observed. a sense of humour as to say so. by planet to put intelligence into some But by the time Mohammed came bringing in the hippy flower people image. beings and having done the job, along people no longer believed in and "people like Paul Foot and Eric somewhat inadequately, flew back. Idolatry; they kept it up without faith, Heffer and Vanessa" as if they had "World Revolution" rather fancies without belief, because it was the correct something to do with it too, and lumping itself in this role, seeking to "inter thing to do. I he worm had already got it as anarchy. vene" in working class struggles with into the wood, and it was an abomination What is anarchy? Tell me that. As which it has no connection and no to anyone who thought freely. Luther practised today anarchy is occupying knowledge, but, instead of putting was much the same as Mohammed somebody else's house, with a common itself as the vanguard party like the nobody in his day believed in the power law wife, a colour television set and a other 57 varieties of trotskyism, of a printed piece of paper to revoke sins couple of Alsatian dogs, and drawing regards itself as an intellectual - he regarded the Indulgences which were social security. Thousands are finding it vanguard that aims at disappearing bought and sold in his day as idolatrous a rewarding way of life. when it has sparked "the workers" and fiung them in the fire. He got the (Note how he brackets the common law off. It cannot bear to admit that sympathy of the people around his wife with the TV and the dogs). there are somewhat more revolutionary precisely because they had come to the 1 am sure Mr. Turner knows people theories about. conclusion it was all humbug too and had from his social circles who live in the way never previously dared not to openly caricatured here, but that doesn't happen Up to date on Conway Hall: At the conform. to be anarchy nor the anarchists. Arabella widely=advertised (especially by Where there is no longer faith, and the Churchill in her luxury squat, or the opponents of fascism) meeting of the forms are kept up persistently beyond society set in their 'communes' weekend National Party on Friday 15th Oct and measure, there will be an immense revolt. hippying it, aren't even a caricature of AGM of the National Front on Saturday This is happening again in our times anarchists, any more than Foot, Heffer only sixty people turned up for the though no "great man" is available to be and Vanessa. One doesn't mind a good NP meeting (and thirty observers from given the credit for it (academics have a piss-take of anarchism, but let it be of the the NCCL, Conway Hall, pigs etc) to stab: "it all started with the Beatles" . . . real thing. Which he does in parts •- the smell of amyl nitrate sprayed on the Marcuse, they murmur, Haight-Ashbury. .) Would I have to string up bailiffs wall; some 400 turned up at the AGM The immense edifice of humbug built from lamp-posts'' I am not very good of the Front while at least 400 police up carefully over years is crumbling. at knots. barricaded the Square against some 400 Nobody believes in the established beliefs All anarchists arc expected to have demonstrators. any longer yet they are still treated as certain basic skills. Peter Cadogan who has used his sacred, both in Church and State. Good, though still not up to the old position as secretary to allow the use of Punch's best, this was the maga/ine that the Hall for fascist demonstrations and PUNCH UP created the original stock caricature of won the right for these two meetings to The molars not having played up recently, the anarchist with the bullfighter'., hat go ahead by 8-7 on the Committee there has been no occasion to visit the and Sandeman's Port cape, in which he then decided, because of an offensive dentist — hence this column's belated hid the smoking bomb but then. Punch NF racialist poster at the foyer meeting, notice of Punch for Sept. 3 1475 isn't what it was. they say in the clubs . . to prosecute under the Race Relations devoted to "The Anarchists" as seen by the Sandeman's figure idea was so Act. and to ban them for 18 months (when the editor William Davis and contributor effective it lives on in journalistic they might change their views1') But his E.S. Turner. A gentlemanly piss-take in imagination (the public has advanced honeymoon with the NP is to go on. in the refined style of "Punch" which actually beyond it) as a serious factual description. the name of the 'non-violent Centre to Corsica. This has the merit of being During the visit of King Juan Carlos in of cattle in Texas. Whenever visiting a pleasant island, and if people lost jobs Paris eleven comrades were taken from Heads of State come to France —even or homes, they at least had a free holiday. their homes and deported, without any though they're looked on as criminals by Now the Minister of the Interior has accusation being made, to the island of the average person, sometimes even chosen a bleak island in the Atlantic. It is, Belle-Ile-en-Mer. All lost wages and regarded as criminals by the State itself after all, not a rest-cure but a punish- some lost jobs as a result. The press though judgment is suspended for ment. But for what? For opposing stated they were 'Basques'; in fact, they diplomatic reasons - the Minister of the tyranny? A crime in liis eyes, no doubt, were all libertarians and included Jose Interior, suffering from delusions of but the specific crime it was suggested Morato, Octavio Alberola, Carlos grandeur in which he thinks that the they might commit they were not given Andreu, Alicia Mur, Gonzalvo Sanchis, world between the Rhine and the the chance to do. Manuel Ortiz, Jose Ferrandiz, Jose Pyrenees is his private domain, orders a Will nothing cure the Minister of the Nunez, Juan Busquets, Jose Castro and mass arrest of "undesirables". Interior of this habit? We can suggest Lucio Urtubia. M. Poniatowski, Minister Excusing the mass arrests in conditions advertising the fact sufficiently. If of the Interior, in his concern for the of appalling neglect, which followed the Corsica or Brittany found themselves royal ponce, did not mind detaining outbreak of World War II and was a known to prospective tourists as the Sanchis, a veteran of the French feature of the "phoney war," one French place where people are sent us a punish- Resistance as well as the Spanish, or journalist said it was "the scum of the ment, they would soon be putting pressure Busquets - whom the Spanish Govern- earth" that had been interned. (Koestler on Paris to stop a practice which exists ment has jailed for twenty years already. has described what this "scum" consisted nowhere else in the Common Market, The French police are fond of this in his book of that name: it was the and which, they may have noticed, is not indiscriminate type of round-up, used in cream of European anti-fascism). In peace practised in London even when all the slightly civilised countries only in time time however the deportations of crowned and top-hatted heads of State of war when "enemy" nationals, are "undesirables" from Paris whenever some turn up to drive through the streets in rounded up in great swoops like herds mass murderer has turned up, have been open coaches. amounting to 134,000 zt. have yet to Security forces have attempted to be paid (until 1st week October). wreck the work of the WDC both by At Radom, scene of some of the issuing fake bulletings in its name and by worst riots, during which at least two intimidating people into refusing to people were killed while erecting bairi- co-operate with the WDC, as well as by A Workers Defence Committee cades. 114 cases of reprisals have been harassing Committee members; these which includes a number of prominent discovered by the WDC. but only 53 harassments have included the detention intellectuals has now been established families are in receipt of periodic aid of Miroslav Chojeki. in Radom. without in several Polish towns including Warsaw, and there is no regular contact with a warrant, subjecting him to an Milanowek and Poznan. Although the the rest. Of those 53 only one person investigation lasting throughout the only published contact addresses are claims not to have been beaten during night. Raiding his Warsaw flat. those of intellectuals who are protected police "enquiries." Arresting and detaining people who to some extent by their reputation Seven people have been sent to have attended the trials of striking (people such as writer Andrzejewski, prison hospitals, and at least 75 people workers. economist Edward Lipinski and historian have been sentenced. In Poznan, one WDC member was Jacek Kuron) many workers are directly 44 of the known cases have resulted detained for organising an illegal collec- involved. in prison sentences of more than two tion and in Warsaw, Committee members The WDC has started publishing 'open' years. These include:-- have been abducted at night by police, bulletins which detail the extent of Zigmund Zabrowski - 10 years prison, who threatened to kill one person government repression following the 10 years loss of civil rights, after prison before leaving him in a wood some distance June strikes, describes the type of to be placed in a "Centre for social from the city, and threatening to have assistance given by the Committee, and redemption" for an undetermined others dismissed from their work. appeals for further aid. period. The Committee seeks support for At present the WDC is in touch with Ryszard Gnidzien — 9 years prison, 7 its work and an end to the State's 144 people who were involved in the years loss of civil rights, again to be reprisals, and has appealed for assistance. disturbances at the Ursus agricultural placed in a "centre for social redemption" The current situation is probably too machinery factory, and is providing Tadeus Mitaz - 8 years prison. "sensitive" to send financial help from regular assistance to 89 families, although Wojciech Mitak (aged 18) - 6 years prison. abroad, but medical aids and articles its resources do not allow it to reach the Stanistaw Gosha — 5 years prison. of clothing should be O.K. These hoped for level of 50% - 80% lost earnings Henryk Bednarczyk - 4 years prison. should be sent to: Rumours that 258 Ursus workers have No-one knows what "centres for social J. Andrzejewski, been sacked are unconfirmed, but there redemption" are; this is the first time they Warsaw are grounds to believe that the figure have been heard of. Swierczewskiego 53 m.4. of dismissals could be as high as 1,000. Reports indicate that a concentration and if possible sent by recorded delivery. Over 60 people involved in the Ursus camp for political prisoners has been Meanwhile letters demanding the disturbances have been sentenced to constructed near Radom, although release of the imprisoned workers and an up to 3 months imprisonment and more many of those arrested were transferred end to all reprisals can be sent to:- ' are awaiting trial. to Biatystock prison, 300 Km East of The Consulate General of the Polish Of the 144 dismissals that the WDC Radom. People's Republic, has been able to confirm, only 14 Although the situation at Radom is 19, Weymouth St., London W.I. people have been re-instated. So far worse than elsewhere, more people have (01-5804324). more than 205,000 zlotys have been been re-employed, although in different To our knowledge defence committees paid out to strikers and their families factories, or divisions within the factories have been set up in North America and by the Committee, and legal costs and their earnings are reduced. in France. Freedom reported recently In one of the more outlandish nieces of notion of socialism stink, the nationalist me from entering, as did the German wartime propaganda Alice Duer Miller's idea has revived. It has an alternative to Government recently when I was invited poem 'The White Cliffs of Dover' made class struggle. Whatever its form, it is to speak at an anti-Francoist rally quite a sensation for its glowing praise reactionary not so much because of what recently. The hero of B. Traven's book of lingland written as if coming from a it is as because it is a parasite around The Death Ship, puts the question and critical American. The comic piece de the State, a poison ivy that makes the answers it most succinctly: resistance although it wasn't thought prison walls of the barrack State look "Why passports? Why immigration so then was the part where she saw attractive. restrictions? Why not let human beings people queuing in the dri/v.lmg rain to In England, the disillusion with the go where they wish to go. North Pole pay their taxes which she thought was Labour Party has given birth to one or South Pole, Russia or Turkey, the the sublimes! manifestation of patriotism. form of racialism which has made great States or Bolivia? Human beings must In reality however, nationalism doesn't strides in the National Front; in Scotland be kept under control. They cannot take such forms. No Englishman enthuses the Scottish National Party exploits the They cannot fly like insects around the over his wonderful civil service and how. same feeling. It is noticeable the National world into which they were born without under constitutional government, the Front does not make much headway in being asked. Human beings must be trains run on time. No Scotsman regrets Wales or Scotland where there are brought under control, under passports, that he cannot be compelled to serve credible nationalistic alternatives to under finger-printing regulations. For his prison sentence in Barlinnie rather such crude racialism as is peddled by the what reason? Only to show the omni- than an effete open prison further ; but it comes to much the same thing. potence of the State and of the holy south No Welshman feels that he However, the nationalists in Scotland servant of the State, the bureaucrat. should fill up his tax forms in Cymric, and Wales are not necessarily totalitarian Bureaucracy has come to stay. It has but one can't be sarcastic, some intellec- any more than state socialism is been the great and almighty ruler of the tuals have gone so fai as to do that, but necessarily so - it merely creates the world. It has come to stay to whip one wonders if they intend to declare atmosphere for totalitarianism if the human beings into discipline and make all their earnings if they can get away State needs it by fostering a national them numbers within the State. With with it even in Welsh. identification which overrides class foot-printing of babies it has begun; the Nationalism is a smokescreen put out interests andI feelingr I- s ofr.- libertyi . next stage will be the branding of regis- by the State. Nobody can worship the The press is quick to boost nationalist tration numbers upon the back, properly State because it is an impersonal thing, movements. Note how in Spain, the filed, so that no mistake can be made as a means of exploitation, a form of anarcho-syndicalist CNT is played down to the true nationality of the insect. A repression which may be greater or and ignored, though it has formed the wall has made China what she is today. lesser, but it is always there; it is co: bulk of the Resistance, but the actions The walls all nations have built up since trated disciplinary of a few students, if nationalist, get the war for democracy will have the loved than the public hangman. Thi immediate coverage. It is a sick joke same effect. Expanding markets and public traditionally hated the latter so among those who know anything of the making large profits are a religion. It is the they were always provided with some Resistance in Spain to read in the Press oldest religion perhaps, for it has the best form ot emotional appeal to which they for instance that Salvador Puig Antich. trained priests and it has the most could respond. The British have Hogged executed by £Hm>fft-i;/ two years ago, beautiful churches; yes, sir." (The Death the Monarchy to death to do it whereas was a 'Catalan nationalist' simply Ship, Panther Books, first published in the Americans are content with a tew because he was a Catalan. The separatist Germany 1926.) yards of bunting and ticket tape as a Catalans before the civil war formed a The alternative is federalism. A useful tribal ju-ju; but these things are only government not as reactionary as that word, which can easily be lifted — as has figureheads and the emotional charisma which exists in Spain today, but enough been the clear expression Workers Control of the modern state once the divine to find itself in cons'ant guerrilla warfare to adapt to something which it doesn't right, by conquest, was dead and damned with the workers against whom it mean. But what I mean by federalism is has been the national idea. formed Assault Guards to suppress the the unification of communities indepen- The belief in the State as a country. CNT unions. Now, when journalists dent of the State, as opposed to the even as a person, is what has given see banners in Catalan, they assume they unification of peoples within in. Here Statism an emotion, which is expressed as are 'Catalan nationalists.' in the Orkney Islands we have no more nationalism. People will give their lives The alternative to nationalism is not to be gained by rule from Edinburgh as to the nation when they are notoriously imperialism. Because one 'nation' rules from London, or Strasbourg, Paris, reluctant to pay a few shillings in another, one does not have to choose New York or Wick. You might as well customs duties tgflto&fct*, which is one or the other. No doubt the average allow the Danes to redeem their pledge precisely the same thing. The aristo- Scottish football fan going down to and give us back on a lapsed pawnbroker's cracy were always willing to risk their Fusion for a Wembley match resents ticket. People, places and communities lives for 'the country' but engaged in tax English domination, but it isn't expressed were in the past swapped around as swindles in case death duties cost their by the dossers, English through and wedding gifts by rulers, taken or for- descendants too much.' through, who he sees trying to catch a gotten, only the acceptance of rule and After I1) 14 the imperial notion of sleep between police harassments. oppression has determined the tradition patriotism was as st%ale as last week's beer. There are as many 'Scots' south of the of keeping them where they are. It had been pushed too far. Against the imaginary line that runs from Berwick In the federal idea every community rising challenge of socialism, the fascists on Tweed to the Solway Firth as north that naturally formed an independent revived the idea of the glorification of of it and no God-given right has conferred community would be self-governing; nationalism - in Germany, a mystic idea that section of it above to Winnie Ewing. each community would be like the free bound up with race. This racialism of or to Jim Callaghan to pass it over. The cities of the Middle Ages, they would Germany's has come in for plenty of Canadian Cabinet, imagining it owns be no bigger than was necessary for hammering, but since Stalinism and everything north of the 49th Parallel and each of them to be able to enable all social-democracy have raf^(jp,lge very south of Alaska, has seen it fit to prevent in them to participate in their running. (cont. p. 7) t POLAND (Cont.). that members of the French Anarchist Federation and the Spanish CNT organised STOKE a demonstration outside the Polish Embassy in Paris in conjunction with other organisations including the LJgue Ouvriere Revolutionaire de France et de Vvo Pologne. Further information regarding NEWINGTON 5 the sending of financial help to the WDC - and about ways of increasing the pressure on the Polish authorities will appear in Black Flag soon. ***

STOP PRESS: HV hav<- .just Anna Mi-nrti-lson HftjV r .1 !fiMl from p hav«> •hru tHrtr*M>«'X4 issue.

THE CURSE OF SCOTLAND (Coal.) Their co-ordination would not depend on ancient treaties or national affinitie* or the nearest powerful neighbour Hilary Creek (left) and Anna Mendelson parole for these five has been ruled out they would unite, internationally (right) were sentenced with James year after year both because they are not nation by nation, but directly to Greenfield and John Barker in 1972; on the high security classification and whatever international combination Jake Prescott had already been sentenced. because of possible repercussions from appealed to them. They got ten years imprisonment for morons like ex-MP Harold Soref, or There is no reason why a majority alleged participation in the activities of backwoodmen of the type still gracing of votes obtained on a dubious the Angry Brigade. They are still in jail. the benches of the ("ominous. commitment should bind people who But all are persons of good character, Jake Prescott (he has been in the detest the policies involved. The and incidentally were recommended longest), has never ceased to struggle for coercion of the minority by a to leniency by the jury. Had they not what he believes, even in jail. During the majority solely obtained through been political prisoners they would recent roof top riot in Hull prison , which parliamentary chicanery is seen at certainly be on parole by now. But the was sparked off by a prisoner being its worst and most insoluble in Ireland Home Office flatly denies that there is beaten up by four warders, a photograph where nobody can devise a system any such thing as a political prisoner in (shown here) of demonstrating but federalism where there won't Britain. It wants to have it both ways. prisoners on the roof of Hull jail shows be a disaffected minority somewhere It denies the category if there is the Prescott standing third from left. it is only a question of which. question of special privilege, which Recent "revelations" that a large The breaking up of Europe into incidentally is wanted by no political number of prison officers support the regional communities loosely federated prisoner (except Irish republicans and National Front seem to have shocked the may seem Utopian in view of the loyalists, who claim the status for obvious liberal-minded. Who do they suppose power of the States involved. But national reasons). But it refuses to move would have the mentality to become a this is to worship power. In fact, it people off the "high security" classifica- prison officer in the first place'.' such regions arise they can sap away at tion for political considerations, and the pillars of power much as the national idea is doing, but with far greater potency. What is the basis of a region as opposed to u nation? Self-interest; self-sufficiency, the clear possibility of workers' control; the sense of community; the possibility of circumventing rule from above. There is no i :al need to bring race or colour or nation into it. One can preserve the folk traditions and progress, one can only preserve folk-traditions and progress when one is not subordinated to a national centre. If, however the S.N.P., has its way. the fo«iennj of reactionary and backward looking attitudes will soon prove to be a more effective Curse of Scotland than any playing card ever wat. 5: POLICE STEAL

. On the 28th day of the trial of Noel and come from the gun in my home. The even one word in the oath. You would Marie Murray, the judge sent for them in spent cartridge cases found in St. Anne's not allow me to substitute the word the cells. He asked them if they wanted Park differed very considerably from a "tribunal" for the word "court" and to say anything, pointing out that they spent cartridge - or from the live TR? I pointed out to you that I considered could give evidence, call witnesses, make cartridge found in my home. The State these proceedings not to be a trial and I a statement under oath, or address the Analyst in his evidence tried to say that don't consider this to be a Court. When court. The following dialogue is taken the differences here were only minimal I don't consider it to be a Court I could from the court transcripts (June 8, 1976) but in fact they are very large differences. not conscientiously call it a Court while He has also said that he considers that taking the oath. I was prepared to Noel Murray: "1 feel that since these these cartridges found in my house and swear that everything I had said in proceedings started over six months ago, the spent cases found in St. Anne's Park relation to the statement and comments no attempt has been made at any stage could have come from the same batch. alleged to have been made by me and to give us a fair trial. For the first three He did not tell you how many of these that everything I said in relation to these weeks we sat here listening while Mr. shells would be in one batch. Also the things was true. You Would not allow Stenson's counsel was verbally abused State Analyst has taken certain items me to swear to this. I don't consider by Mr.(inaudible) and while you three found at my home in Grangemore that I have had a fair trial and therefore people bent and twisted all your own Estate and instead of making an obj I don't propose to call any evidence what- rules in ordei to suit the prosecution. tive analysis of these he has, by his soever. In my defence, if I am given a You did not attempt at any time even own admission, taken them and fair trial at ariy stage, I will put forward to give the appearance of a fair trial. endeavoured to establish a connection evidence and I will have questions for When Mr. Stenson's case was adjourned between those articles found at my home all witnesses. you should have given us a new trial as and articles found in St. Anne's Park and Judge: Does that conclude all you want evidence in regard to Mr. Stenson's articles found in Dunlaoghaire. I put it to say? Mrs. Murray what's your attitude case was prejudicial to us. You refused to you that if he had tried to establish to the alternatives which are put before to give us that new trial and since then a connection between these articles you? we have refused to take any part in found in my home and articles found Marie Murray: I don't consider this to defending ourselves on these several miles away and make this he be a Court. I don't think I am getting proceedings. Now, 1 don't propose to could have established a connection a trial. There's quite a lot I could say in put forward any witnesses but there are there also. my own defence if I were convinced I a few points which 1 would like to make Now, the prosecution, as I have said was getting a trial. If I ever do get a in relation to some of the evidence, or before, have tried to establish that money trial I shall be prepared to give evidence so-called evidence, that the prosecution found in the house was stolen. I think under oath. I shall have witnesses to Counsel have put forward here now. it has been proved fairly conclusively call. I shall have most witnesses cross- How, in this case you have accepted here that there is no way in which any examined. two statements, one of them made by of the money which the Bank clerks As things stand, my position — well, my wife under duress and one of them identified here could be identified as I have already summarised my defence alleged to have been made by me but having been stolen or even as coming on the 28 April by pleading not guilty in fact made by two police officers, from the Bank at any time close to the to the charges but I think since the Inspector Ryan and Detective Guard time of the bank robbery. It could have prosecution have produced so much Finn. At no time did I acknowledge come up to a year beforehand. It could evidence I think it's proper that I should this statement as my own. The have come after the robbery. comment on this evidence which has prosecution have said that or attempted Now throughout these proceedings been made public. Now, all the evidence to show that a large sum of money found the police officers — many of the police put forward by the prosecution is in a suitcase in my home was stolen officers have given evidence under oath circumstantial evidence. The case against money. They have failed to prove that which was completely fabricated, us rests on the interpretation of this it was stolen. It was not stolen. This I completely false. I did not attempt to evidence. Several witnesses have been money in fact is part of the funds of call witnesses to refute their evidence. called - the staff in St. Anne's Park on the anarchist movement. It was donated I could not have done so under any the 11 th. None of these people have by different individuals and groups circumstances because when you are given descriptions which fit us. None principally for the relief of prisoners. It being held and interrogated in a polii of these people have identified either was to be distributed through our relief station with possibly several dozen of us as having been in the Bank of organisation, the Anarchist Black Cross. police officers present it's not possible Ireland in Killester or in St. Anne's Park Now, I intend to claim back every penny to have anybody there to observe what's on the 11th September. The death of of this money. It's not stolen money going on. If I called one hundred wit- Guard Reynolds was not witnessed by and I want it back for the Anarchist nesses here to give evidence, none of anyone. Now all the other circumstantial Black Cross. them could refute what any of these evidence put forward — the gun found in Now the prosecution have also police officers have said in the abseni our home can not be indentified as the attempted to prove that a .455 calibre of independent witnesses and these gun used to shoot Guard Reynolds; the pistol found in my home was the weapon police officers have committed perj bullet taken from Guard Reynolds; the with which Guard Reynolds was killed. They're not going to change their spent cartridge case, as Noel has said, Again, they have failed to do this. It evidence under any circumstances. they cannot be said definitely to have was not the weapon. According to the They're not going to come from the weapon in our home, evidence in fact Guard Reynolds was by telling the truth. which is natural enough because they shot by a .45 calibre, not a .455 calibre. Now, you have not attempted to didn't come from the weapon found in The bullet removed from Guard Reynolds facilitate us at all. You would not our home. As for certain other items, body could not be identified as having facilitate me by allowing me to chan the odds and ends that the State Analyst 8 established these connections between reasonable, intelligent person with the fact, if I named people it would be the house in Grangemore, St. Anne's in their head that all these allegations further evidence that I was involved in Park and so on as he said himself he of brutality etc in police stations — the bank raid. In Harcourt Terrace, examined these not with the objectivity there's some foundation to them. Yet they still - they kept questioning me. of a scientist but with a view to estab- time and time again in this building Inspector Ryan and other Guards who lishing connections. Most of these items before this tribunal and in other haven't been called as witnesses. They are common — they are mass produced proper courts the Gardai are cleared of named several people to me - friends, items. There are certainly explanations allegations of brutality. Mr. Pringle has acquaintances, relatives. They suggested, for these items. There is an explanation said we have made very serious allega- Inspector Ryan in particular, that the for everything that has been produced in tions against the Guards. Well, they're reason I would not give them the name evidence, but since I am not getting a making bloody serious allegations was because I was having a relationship trial I don't think it's the business of against us. The only difference is what with this person who was obviously this tribunal what my defence is. I don't we say is in fact true. Now, quite a more important to me than my propose to explain anything here. number of these Gardai, they don't husband. But it did not end with that. Now, the only thing — or the only even have basic manners. Just briefly They called me a whore. They also things in fact which of all the evidence put forward by the prosecution all that connects us to the Bank raid in Killester, the death of Guard Reynolds, are our own statements. Now, I still contend these statements should not have be< admitted because they were taken under duress, in my case mental, in Noel's case physical. But they were admitted. But the circumstances of these statements - ^^BmiBfff^ orl^B^B *if j "S*fflB^Jn ^1*'"- ^ the circumstances they were taken in cast grave doubts on the credibility of these statements — like Noel's. Noel was in custody for between eighteen and nineteen hours - or should I say before (Noel Murray! he was alleged to have made a statement. to run through what happened on the said if I didn't give them this name He had spoken to me several hours before. 11 th September. We went into our they would bring us this point in It was common knowledge in Harco ome. We were removed at gun point. Court, that in fact Noel was not Terrace Station what was contained am quite convinced some of those involved, that I was protecting someone in my statement. Nothing could be m should not have a gun in their else. All this carry on. personal insults easier than to write out a statement hand. One man with a sub-machine gun and so on. Not a word of this has come embodying in broad details what was was trembling. He should not he trusted forward. They deny it and they will contained in mine and this, I am con- with such a weapon. All through the deny it, as Noel says, so long as they vinced is what happened. day putting pressure on us in my case know they will get away witli it. They will deny it and they're getting away with it. In general it's absolutely scandalous the way the Guards do carry on. This point of consulting (lieir notes which were made at the time could a man drive u car and take n jtes. for example? During the time I was held, on one occasion only was any writing done in my presence. That was the statement that has been produced. They have all said they made notes at the time. This is a lie. In fact I believe from the statements that 1 have read in the book that a conterence was held. A number of Gardai got round a table and made out their contemptuous notes, probably a couple of days after. Now, Inspector Finlay also was involved. Well, I think he has given his evidence very well. I would say he deserves to be nominated for an {Marie Murray) Academy award on the way he has XT • u _jB1*.i , ilak'*?'' what they would do to Noel if I didn't given '-is evidence. He also issued Neither would it proper to let this make a statement. I made a statement threats, one in particular on the morning carry on go on without drawing - once which is untrue. I suppose I laid it on a of the 9th in the Bridewell. He wanted again, drawing attention to the conduct bit thick, over-dramatising and so on but me to make a statement on another or of the Garda Siochana throughout the 1 wanted to be believed that day for other bank robberies. I declined to do time we were held in custody in Garda Noel's sake. Noel was beaten up. so. He told me that if 1 made a state- stations. The fact that everything they Ronan Stenson was beaten up. In ment on this matter he could see that a said has been believed by you three Harcourt Terrace - I was brought capital murder charge would not be gentlemen on the bench, believed with- there to see Noel about six o'clock. brought aganst Noel. He could see to it out question, well, it's no wonder they Why was I kept there until after 2.00? that we would.not appear before the carry on as they do because they know Because they were determined to find Special Criminal Court that day. I still right well they shall get away with it. out the name of the fourth person refused to make a statement. He said, involved. I did not name him. And Now it's common knowledge to any {continued on p. 10) 9 standing for the fact that the "Verfassungsschutz" was also against violence, then he could receive an immediate reduction in the sentence, on medical grounds - the injured arm - P.P. Zahl was born in 1944 in the the police, who continued to fire at which otherwise would not be forth- small university town of Freiburg in him. But one policeman, who dashed coming. Zahl thanked him for the Breisgau. Anarchist printer, author forward unexpectedly, was wounded cigarette, but refused the offer, saying and poet, he was found guilty of by a shot. Zahl was arrested and, that it was against his principles to printing a poster with the inscription after two years solitary confinement, work for either a Western or an "Freedom For All Political Prisoners" brought before the court. He was Eastern secret police. Thereupon it during the period in 1971 when the accused of attempted murder - a was put to him that he should consider Witch-hunt against the Red Army charge which was rejected by the six the offer carefully - or perhaps he Fraction, the Socialist Putients jurors, on the grounds that he had would never come out of jail at all. Collective (Heidelberg), and other ample opportunity to gHootai tlte Zahl did not change his mind. In "criminal anarchists" was reaching its police from where he was hidden but 1976 he was brought before the court peak. The court imposed a fine of had chosen to fire warning shots into again. The Federal Attorney had 1 hundred marks, but the State the ground, and only as a last reso protested against the dismissal of the jrney objected to this, and in a Chief Attorney Fritz Bauer had charge of attempted murder, and - ond appeal obtained a sentence of already commented on this charg without new evidence or enquiry — a second trial was undertaken for the months imprisonment. 1967: "If someone is hit with a ';-.,. 1 T^Trn f tven before this P.P. Zah truncheon by a policeman, disar same crime. Income nervous and angry at tne the officer and hits back, then they In the meantime the law in West constant and often quite obvious should be prepared for a charge of Germany had changed to the disadvan- police watch kept on him, and his wife attempted murder." Although the tage of the accused: instead of six jurors hud to seek treatment at a clinic for charge of attempted murder was there were not only two, who could be nervous complaints. Zahl then rejected, Zahl was found guilty of overruled (outvoted) by the three decided to evade his prison sentence, violently resisting judicial authority judges. Zahl was found guilty of partly because he wanted to see his and injuring a policeman, and was attempted murder, not as the original children occasionally, and partly sentenced to four years imprisonment accusation had stated, of ONE policeman, because he felt the sentence was on 24 May 1974. The period of but now of TWO. On 12th March 1976 unjust. detention before the trial, 1972-1974 the judge proclaimed that he could In 1972, after a peridd under- was to be included; and so he should sentence Zahl to a period between 7 ground. he was discovered by the have been icleased in 1976 at the latest. and 15 years imprisonment and police, defended himself and tried to Shortly after his sentence, he was continued, "the full limits of the law escape. In the process he was badly visited by a member of the secret police must be exhausted in this case, as injured; his left arm was badly shot (Verfassungsschutz) who brought him Zahl is an enemy of the State and it k"*"L and a bullet passed straight through *W1 cigarettes, stating that everyone knew is necessary to provide a special deterrent." his right arm. As he tried to get away that Herr Zahl was not, of course, a THIS SENTENCE HAS NOW BEEN he fired a number of warning shots terrorist, and it was obvious from CONFIRMED BY THE COURT OF into the ground between himself and writings. If he showed a little under produced. I say this again. 1 don't summing up the case, after which you expect it to be produced here because will be given an opportunity to say it's in the hands of the Gardai. They anything more that you wish to say. Do will not even play straight with the you want to stay in Court or do you MURRAYS State prosecutors but there is still want to be taken down? Ai missing the written statement of Ronan prepared to be quiet in Court us 1 believe he also said to Noel, that he Stenson. All the witnesses haven't been Mr. Macdonald is addressing the < could spread the word in any prison in culled. By that 1 mean Gardai who were Marie: If this was a Court, I would stay. the country that Noel in particular, or involved in questioning. If that's the This is not a Court. There is no point me. was an informer hud. as he suid. correct term lor all the insulting that in us staying. squealed, and that in any prison in the went on in Harcourt Terrace. All th> Judge: What do you say Mr. Murray? country Noel could be dead within a people haven't been called. Again, 1 Noel: I don't consider this to be a week. Again this has all been denied. don't expect them to be because the Court. 1 do not want to stay. But 1 know because 1 was there. I don't admit being there. So all the Judge: Very well you can both be taken' have no reason to tell lies. All in ull evidence has not been produced or h the conduct of the Gurdui is nothing not been given to the prosecution. e prior cognizance of the shoit of torture. They are quite Now, I can only say, I agree with fact that the case against Noel and Marie skillful in the techniques they use. In Noel, the whole conduct of this trial some cases they seem to feel that has been unfair - has been prejudici rested on such flimsy evidence. In the fight for a re-trial, it is of vital importance physical ussault will break people, will It is not a fair trial. It is not a trial. This persuade people to make statements, is not a Court. We don't expect to get that all comrades in Ireland who con- other cases they try the psychological justice. The laws involved - they're not tributed to the Anarchist Black Cross via Noel contact us. This money donated approach. But whatever they do their our laws - they're the laws of the state for the relief of prisoners has been stolen methods arc just us effective as any now, if the servants of the state can- by the Irish Government. There is, medieval torturers' use of the rack ana not keep their own laws we cannot 1 should say that this unholy inquisition expect fair play or justice. needless to say, not much hope of recovering it. But we propose to initiate in this building is the fit culmination of Judge: Is that all you want to say, Mrs. civil action in the courts in an attempt their efforts. Murray? to do so, in order that this may lead to While 1 was questioning the admis- Marie: Yes. sibility of my statement on the grounds Judge: Now will you kindly tell me a re-trial of the criminal case. Albert Meltzer, that it was not voluntary 1 mentioned whether you want to stay in court while for the Anarchist Black Cross. that all the evidence had not been the Counsel tor the prosecution is - A!, i-.» i • •..",. 10 PRESUMPTION OF GUILT

On Monday. March 20. 1^72. four men of rapport between the Edinburgh and Working Class Revolution." Jail received a total of eighty-one years Glasgow Police. Later developments cannot break Mathew Lygate. Let us imprisonment. They had been found lend a different interpretation. Nino consider his case. guilty at the High Court in Glasgow of months later Alexander Watt, a former Lygate's sentence was as severe as a series of armed bank robberies and student and secretary of the Dundee it was because of its political implica- other offences. It was no wonder that branch of the W.P.S.. gave himself up tions, There are no "political crimes" some women jurors wept and the court to the police as having taken part in in Great Britain but there seem to be gallery seemed stunned. Only one of the one of the bank raids, the one belonging political sentences! Mathew Lygate four had any criminal record yet they to the Savings Bank of Scotland at during the laU'days of his trial were receiving sentences much stiffer Paisley Road West. Although Watt dismissed his counsel, not because of than that handed out to murderers admitted presenting a sawn-off shotgun their lack of competence but because and hardened criminals. Two years at seven of the employees, he was given they had deliberately played down the before Howard Wilson had shot dead a sentence of months rather than years. political aspects of the trial. Lygate two policemen and severely wounded Claiming to have taken a religious kick was determined that if fit; was to be another, sentence twenty-five years. Watt surrendered himself voluntarily sent down, which indeed seemed William McPherson, Ian Doran and although there was nothing to link him inevitable, that he would use the dock Mathew Lygate received respectively with the crime. One may well ask was as a political platform. He justified 26. 25 and 24 year sentences. No one Niven and/or Watt agent provocateurs the robbing of banks because they had been shot or killed, no one even and if indeed guilty, were Lygate and weie agencies of class exploitation and seriously injured. One may well ask Lawson led into their crimes? oppression, he justified bank robberies why Lord Dunpark was so intent in Another puzzling aspect has been as a form ol violence that aimed at stamping out what he termed, "A the conduct of the founder and spokes- reversing the greater form of violence frightening pattern of criminal conduct." man for the Workers' Party of Scotland. practised by the state against the There were many aspects of the case Mr. Tom Murray. An ex-CP member. working class and leading to bad which remain strange and contradictory, Murray built up a Marxist/ Leninist housing conditions, ill health and the men might never have been caught Party on Maoist lines. It was unemployment. He mentioned had it not been for an anonymous tip- supposed to be based on the ideas of unemployment as resulting in men off, the identification of Mathew Lygate John Mac Lean, revolutionary of the being forced into the army and being was extremely suspect as they had been Red-Clydside era and was described (breed into v.olence against the people masked and were picked out "merely by being "more communist than the of Northern Ireland These arguments their stature." Indeed one key witness Communist Party and more nationalist I oid Dunpaik only understood dimly claimed he picked out Lygate. yet than the S.N'.P." More importantly it hut it was enough foi him to grasp that claimed he had not seen him before was a vanguard parts set up at piovidhii: Malt stood tor the reversal of the although they both had Hats in the same the necessary leadership for a working society that Lord Dunpaik represented. tenement at 271 Albert Drive. The class revolution. It was a small paits Mall indeed echoed the words of his same witness was in great financial of never more than about thirty mentor. John Maclean, who in a difficulty before the trial yet was doing members with about half a do/en similar situation had said "I stand here very well in business and property activists. It was highly structured not as the accused but the accuser of shortly after it. Lawson found guilty and disciplined. Control was Capitalism dripping red with blood." on only one of the bank raids was picked exercised from the top downwaids. Matt had put it that the lime would out by an elderly witness who could not Murray was the theoretician. Mathew come when il would not be himself thai tell whether he had a gun or a stick out- Lygate his most promising disciple. would be in the dock but the class now side the bank and yet could identify him f-'roin his early days Mathew Lygate passing sentence, represented by Lord although masked from over a hundred progressed a lot. became more know- Dunpark. "'1 he roles of this court will yards away. ledgable about politics, stood as a be reversed, when the workers will sit When following the anonymous tip-off Parliamentary candidate, visited on the bench and those people who the police had raided the bookshop in revolutionary conferences and became have judged me now will be judged." Paisley Road, they found guns and chairman of the W.P.S. Murray Lord Dunpark replied. "I don't look money but both Lygate and Lawson remained in the back ground, he made forward to those days with any longing." denied taking part in the robberies. the decisions but other people carried Indeed it would be a strange class For political reasons they supported them out. It was impossible for any attitude to adopt if he did. bank robberies as part of the urban important decisions to be made Reading accounts of the trial leaves guerrilla activity of the 'class-war'. without his consenting to it or at least one in little doubt that had Matt played Although masks had been found in the being aware of it. Lygate resigned by the accepted rules of the crime game fiat shared by Lygate and Lawson in from the party before the verdict and he would not have for the sentence he Albert Drive, Lygate claimed they had afterwards the party through Murray, did. Had he abjectly accepted "it was a been planted. repudiated his course of activity. fair cop" and pleaded contrition then he Other features of the case seemed Since the trial the W.P.S. and Tom might have done as well as Wall. equally disquieting; Stephen Niven, a Murray have done nothing for But he dismissed his counsel, claimed twenty-one year old mule model, had Mathew Lygate. the charges were a frame-up and attacked joined the Workers' Party of Scotland More than four years have passed. the very foundations of bourgeois society and then some nine months before the Colin Lawson has been released. the banks, the police force and the robberies had informed Chief-Inspector Mathew Lygate moved from Perth to courts, of justice. As a brave man he is Robert Clancy, head of the Edinburgh Peterhead is working as a tailor and paying the penalty, shut up like an animal C.I.D.. that the Party were thinking of painting portraits. He has done in a cell and subjected to solitary. "knocking off banks." Nothing was severals terms in solitary and his spirit If one believes him guilty some might done at the time and there was much remains unbroken. As he shouted not condone his course of action but criticism after the trial about the lack defiantly at his trial, "Long Live the might still think he got rather a raw deal. 1 1 (cont. backpage) SOVIETISAT10N The iinpiisitii-.n on foreign countries after sensational Show Trials which Yugoslavia (as Tito's partisans were of communist party regimes through branded them as agents of the US CIA. successful in establishing an Independent the direct or indicrect intervention of Contrary to various left-liberal and Red regime), eastern Austria (as late as the USSR. In the Hitler-Stalin period Trotskyist claims, Stalin did not invent 1955), to abandon their repeat satellite of 193CM1, the method was direct the Sovietisation technique. The in Iranian Kurdistan, Azerbaiyan (1941- conquest by the Red Army, rapidly fundamentals had been used effectively 46), renounce communist guerrillas followed by extermination or deporta- by the Bolsheviks during the period of in Greece, and order communist forces tion to Siberia of all opposition, real civil war 1918-21 to consolidate control in Italy and France to disarm and enter or imagined, including the local in Russia, Ukraine, Caucauses, Turkestan, capitalist coalition governments. communist parties. This occured in Siberia and the Far East. The strategy Porkkaia (Finn) evacuated 1956 Lithuania. Latvia, Estonia, Karelian of coalition temporarily with other In return the Soviet Union was granted Finland, the Bukovinia, Bessarabia of leftists, followed rapidly by their the Japanese Kuriles and Sakhalin, a Rumania, and eastern Poland. In the liquidation, had been used in the most huge chunk of eastern Poland and endphase and aftermath of World War vicious manner possible against the Prussia and continued suzereignty over 11, satellite communist regimes were left-Socialist Revolutionaries, the the Baltic Republics and the Ukraine established in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia anarchist south Ukraine and Menshe'.ik (where a nationalist guerrilla force was Last Germany. Hungary, Poland, Georgia (the left SR's had been govern- crushed by 1950). Stalin turned Rumania and in North Korea. Despite ment partners in 1917-18, the Makhno Manchuria and Sinkiang back over to slight local variations, the pattern of anarchist forces of the Ukraine were Nationalist China, but the areas were Sovietisatfcip Jn$ftp Eastern treaty allies and actually saved the soon retaken by Mao's peasant army European countries was remarkably Soviets in the dark year of 1919, and which established the People's similar. Menshevik Georgia was recognised as an Republic of China in 1949. Russian After the arrival of the Red Army, independent state only months before facilities in Yugoslavia were lost when accompanied by native communists the Soviet invasion). Direct inter- the Comintern expelled Titoist Yugo- wfaotyrtfcwato.ned in the USSR vention had failed in the Baltic, Finland slavia in 1948, but were merely shifted (known as the 'Muscovites'), the first 4918, Poland 1920, and South Azerbaijan over to Albania, where Communist step everywhere was the establishment 921, while the isolated regime of Bela leader Enver Hoxha had managed to of broad coalition governments of Kun was toppled in Hungary 1919 (as dislodge the Yugoslav dominance which various left-wing and centre parties, in independent worker councils were had assured the victory of Hoxha in which the communists rarely pre- crushed in Munich and Hamburg-Kiel 1945. Yet these Adriatic naval facilities dominated. Invariably, however, the and factory occupations and general were again lost by the Soviets when in communists immediately took control strikes floundered in Italy, USA, Canada 1960 Albania broke with Kruschev and of the Ministry of the Interior, the and elsewhere). But a fake Far Eastern aligned with rebel Peking. Security Police, the Army General Republic in China 1920-22. supposedly Revolts in East Germany (1953), Staff and the publicity machine. independent, was used to meet US Poland (1956, 1970, 1976) and During the second stage, the coalition requirements for a forced-Japanese Revolution in Hungary (1956) were parties, with a mass following withdrawal from Siberia east of Lake either crushed or subverted, Liberal- (generally peasant parties), were Bikail, only to be absorbed soon after Communist democratisation in Czecho- driven into opposition by active into the Soviet Union. A more long- slovakia (1968) met an identical fate. persecution and replaced by parties lived fraud, the so-called Tannu-Tuva Similar techniques have been used under covert communist control. This People's Republic, existed on paper successfully in China and Tibet, N. & S. stage ended with the arrest and from 1921 to 1944, when it was Vietnam, Cuba, S. Yemen, French Congo, execution or flight ot popular non- incorporated as an autonomous satellite Cambodia, Laos, Angola and Somalia. communist leaders. The third stage of the USSR. Communist power-sharing failed in began with the liquidation of the The first satellite regime of any Chile (1938-44), Italy, France and social democratic parties through durability was the Mongolian People's Finland (1944-48), Ghana (1964-66), enforced fusion with the communists. Republic, declared as such in 1924 Kerala (1957-59), 60s Egypt, Iceland As with the peasant parties, those who after three years of Soviet occupation. (1973-74), Portugal (1974-75). resisted were liquidated or driven into The North Korean regime of Kim il-Sung And disastrously in Spain (1939), exile. During the fourth stage, which followed this model in 1945 but became Greece (1944), Iran (1954), Guatemala began at the time of Tito's conflict with independent as a result of the Korean (1954), Congo (1965), Dominican Stalin, the communist parties themselves War see-saw. A series of pro-Soviet Republic (1965), Indonesia (1965), were purged of leading 'home commun- regimes were installed through the Sudan (1971), Bolivia (1971), Chile isU'' who. in contrast to the 'Muscovites', 1930s and 40s in Sinkiang, ostensibly (1973). had spent the war in their own countries a province of China. Long-range inter- Despite earlier reverses, situation fighting the Na/is and Fascists. Suspected vention in Spain in 1936-39 succeeded still fluid in India, Guyana, Italy and of reluctance to act as simple Soviet in subverting the government and Finland. agents, they were accused of 'nationalist' crushing the social revolution, but lost (I. W. W. Toronto) G.J. and 'Titoist' deviations and some of the the war to the Fascists. Following WWII, most prominent among them, including the Soviets were pressured to withdraw MURRAY DEFENCE GROUP the Hungarian. Laszlo Rajk, and the from Finland (but retaining a strangle- 155 Church Road, Celbridge, Bulgarian, Traicho Kostov, were executed hold on the government), from eastern Co. Kildare, Eire 12 That is all very well, but what need was there to prove the lack of freedom Reviews or democracy in Spain? If anything was clear in politics it was that the Franco "L'Anarchisme espagnol" "Action Francoisni (and the Communist Party) was regime was, even for its own allies, a revolutionnaire Internationale 1961-1975" able to expect the disappearance of a mockery of legality. And in Spain, Octavio Alberola - Ariane Gransac, dangerous enemy in 1960. with the among the workers, if the right to strike Paris, Bourgeois. 1976. 264pp. p/b. death ot'Sahate. from 1961 onwards was that much easier there was still no This book has been published in two there were attempts, both within and lack of torturers for the organisers, and editions in two languages in one year. outside the CNT. to organise a violent nobody really held out any false illusions. Spanish and French. The latter edition. anarchist response to the repression. The The mistake made by the F.I.J.L.. and French, has been corrected in some minimum repression of the 1962 the First of May Group was without minor details and tor this reason this strikes clearly indicate that the regime doubt not adapting to the combativity review deals with that particular one. was moving towards demoralisation of the moment, such as was later seen It is useful that this volume should and the consumer society in which the in the actions of the M.I.L. and the appear at this particular moment when, Communist Party would (directly or 'acratas' who organised bank robberies following the death of the Caudillo indirectly) play a role ol limiting and to finance future actions. and with the introduction of a certain gagging the masses and. therefore, faced This lack of reflection gives the book amount of liberalisation, the enthusiasm with the hierarchy of exploitation the an air of mere description of actions in of a particular section of the bourgeoisie only alternative would be the hierarchy Spain and elsewhere with little or no .1 would seem to wish to wash out all of the traditional left. discussion on possible similarities or memory of the dictatorship. The only ones to defend the future differences between the Palestinian In fact it is over fifteen years since of anarchism were generally those groups, the R.A.F.. the G.A.R.I. etc. Francoism turned an honest face to the anarchist groups involved with the Also, it seems that the violence organised world when, in 1962, the regime chose Iberian Federation of Libertarian Youth by the militants and the spontaneous to imprison and not simply to stamp (F.I.J.L.). In the same year of 1962 action of the workers, in Spain and out the Asturian strikers militarily. the F.I.J.L.. began to organise a series throughout the world, is artificially The great quality of this boot is that of at ten tuts against symbolic buildings separated, but this may simply be a it demonstrates not only that the anar- of the regime and Spanish tourist agencies problem of style. chist anti-franquist struggle did not end with the double aim of giving impulse to Let us hope that the authors will with the defeat of the civil war, but the class struggle (already under way give us another book on the study and that each struggle throughout the world with the strikes) and also reducing the reflection of present day violence and the adopts the use of violent outrage: "We number of tourists bringing important different tactics. It will be the indispens- tend to believe that the will of the foreign currency to the coffers of the ablecotnrdetyent to the present volume. regime. majority is the general will, the will of Frank Mint?,. all. We count on the fact that minorities This campaign caused a great deal of will all await then hour peaceably, in the fear within the regime and the number Maspero have just published a new . hope that they too will attain majority of arrests and penalties inflicted on updated and corrected edition of status. However, it is not always so. anarchists grew in proportion: Jorge Frank Minl/.'s scholarly and definitive There are those who use our so-called Cunill Vails sentenced to death in 1962; work on Self-Management in the perfect democracy as an idol, a perfect Delgado and Granados garrotted in 1963. Spanish Revolution. C'opies can be idol if you wish, corrupted to the point sentences of between 1 5 and 30 years obtained through C'.P. Bookservice. (price not yet known). of banishing all hope by the economic imprisonment (such as with Christie and and social bureaucracy ..." (p. 197). Carballo). But the most spectacular State oppression is so strong that aspect was the scries of "Ideological" kidnappings which first began following Marxism and a Free Society by any questioning of the establishment, the death sentence imposed on Jorge Marcus Graham. "An Anarchist reply authority, or the accepted way of life C'unill Vails. The statement issued by to Isaac Ueutscher's address on 'Socialist brings down a swift repression: the Man' with particular reference to. the hippies, los marginales, samizdat writers. the "International Federation of Liber- tarian Youth" said: "Our object was to Minutes of the First International and Ins /iiligans (Hooligani), and homosexuals draw the attention of the world to the the sabotaging of the Hague Congress are the sacrificial lambs in both the by the Marx clique" ( 20p + I Op p+p). East and West. sad fate of three libertarians recently Alberola and Gransac also give a brief arrested in Barcelona and to prevent the What passes off as Marxism today is so execution of Jorge Cunill Vails. We but profound description of the grotesque, so notoriously totalitarian return Sr. Llias to his family as promised bureaucratisation of a sector of the and dictatorial, that many thinking Spanish anarchist movement while the to demonstrate that our methods are Marxists are harking back to a "Golden militants were committed to total struggle. vastly different to those employed by Age" of Marxism, to Marx himself . . . Who today gives any importance to the the Franquist regime." (p64). Later There is. they declare, a humanism to declarations of the CNT against Francisco there was the kidnapping of Ussia, the Marx, an alternative to Stalinist and Sabate? Who remembers another CNT ecclesiastical counselor of the Spanish post-Stalinist dictatorship, or to the declaration condemning an anarchist Embassy to the Vatican, which was grim aspects of Maoism and its kidnapping? "If. in fact, some members claimed by the First of May Group imitations. They pass over Lenin with of the CNT are the authors of the kid- (developed out of the F.I.J.L.) and some reluctance, not wishing to admit napping they have done so without the which led to the already quoted state- that there is anything wrong with the agreement of the Intercontinental ment from the CNT. After holding him deified Lenin, but finding it hard to Secretariat, and as far as we are concerned for ten days the First of May Group differentiate between what was built the entire affair is a purely negative freed the priest amid the expected in the Soviet Union and how it developed. clamour of the world press "hoping that operation." (p.l 20). The excuse that it was merely the the present Spanish government However, in practice anarchism was "bureaucracy" that it was only a leader- which so often proclaims its Christianity able to prove its efficiency and if ship that went wrong and a civil service **«***»***»*****#***#*#******* will demonstrate its good will rapidly by that extended itself, becomes increasingly granting freedom to those Spanish This title is presently being translated thin. So Marxists turn back to Marx, democrats who do not enjoy it today." into English and will be published by who hated anything Russian anyway, and Cienfuegas Press tit a future date thing in return .... Get a few of them, REVIEWS cont. Anthology of Revolutionary Poetry, they are always a standby present and, Marcus Graham (book), The Guillotine try to show that he at least wanted only apart from anything else, including at Work, Maximoff (book), Vol. I The a true socialism with a humanist face inspiring you to enter for "Mastermind", Anarchist Encyclopaedia, A Bibliography and what has happened to Marxist it is hoped to finance the postage bill (this title will be available in p/b only socialism since has been a distortion of the Anarchist Black Cross which tries to Cienfuegos Press subscribers, the main and a caricature of Marx. Foremost to give solidarity to libertarian prisoners edition will be h/b), Anarchism in Japan, among these apologists was Isaac all over the world, for the coming year, Victor Garcia (book), Self-Management Deutscher whose address "On Socialist out of the profits of sale. in the Spanish Revolution, Frank Mintz Man" was first heard at the second Both the above titles are available (book), Spanish Anarchism and annual Socialist Scholars Conference in from Simian Publications, "Over the Revolutionary Action, Alberola & Gran- New York in 1966 and which has been Water," Sanday, Orkney KW17 2BL sac (book), The End of Anarchism, L. republished numerous times by various Galleani (book), The Battle of Calthorpe Trotskyist bodies throughout the Cienfuegos Press Sustaining Subscription Street, J.M. Alexander (pamphlet). (We world. Dear Readers of Cienfuegos Press and will be reprinting and updating all out But is Deutscher speaking the truth, Simian publications, of print pamphlets this coming year as or is he merely trying to whitewash the well including the long-awaited Soldiers' prison walls? Was Marx as blameless as First of all we would like to thank you Councils in World War II by Albert he claims? Did Marxism ever have the for having supported our publishing Meltzer) - plus a few other exciting human face he would like to put on it, programme so far by buying our titles surprises in the near future. and ordering them through your local like a mask? Marcus Graham, in this This is your chance to help us short pamphlet, published by Simian libraries. We would now like to propose develop an anarchist presence in a method whereby you can help us Publications, makes a trenchant analysis publishing and at the same time add a of Deutscher's claims for Marx and expand that programme dramatically good number of what one reader asserts positively that all the failures of and, at the same time, take advantage of describes as "spine tingling" anarchist Leninism. Stalinism, Maoism as well as a bargain offer. titles to your bookshelves at the knock- reformism, stem from Marx's tactics. The problem is — as we have often down price of £6.00, a year. We can't Little is known about the struggle within reported - lack of capital (at least that say with any exactitude how many the First International. Marx has become is what our Bank Manager keeps telling books we'll be able to get out in the deified over half the world; Bakunin is us). In addition to our publications year, but they'll certainly be worth a treated as a clown or a devil who dares side we are trying to supplement our lot more than £6.00. to cross swords with the Almighty. turnover by providing a general book- S.C. Marcus Graham's pamphlet is a timely service and this is slowly catching on, reminder that there is quite another side but the problem remains the same — Titles in print to December 1976: to what is generally accepted as history no money with which to build up a The Black Flag Anarcho-Quiz Book as well as a sharp rejoinder to Isaac good stock. This means we are having compiled by Albert Meltzer, 95p; Deutscher's apology for the founder of to develop the bookservice a bit slower Marxism and a Free Society, Marcus State Socialism. than we intended, but please don't let Graham, 20p; The Russian Tragedy, that stop you ordering all your books Alexander Berkman, £1.50; The BLACK FLAG ANARCHO-QUIZ BOOK from us. The more orders we receive Anarchists in London 1935-1955, (250 Questions and Answers on the high- from you the quicker we build up our Albert Meltzer, £1.00; The International ways and by-ways of Anarchism) by selection of titles and increase our Revolutionary Solidarity Movement, Albert Meltzer (95p + 15p p+p). efficiency in dealing with your orders. ed. A. Meltzer, £1.35; Man! An We don't know any friendly Merchant What is an Anarchist? What part has Anthology of Anarchist ideas, essays, Bankers, rich anarchists (are there any?) poetry and commentaries, ed. Marcus Anarchism played in the class struggle? so the only way left to us to raise What relevance has it in history'' How Graham, £3.25 p/b, £7.00 h/b; Sabate sufficient money to develop our many Guerrilla Extraordinary, Antonio does it affect the major issues of today publishing projects (apart from sales, and yesterday? To a large extent, to a Tellez, £2.35; The Wilhelmshaven contributions from regular supporters Revolt, Icarus, 45p; Peter Kropotkin: small extent, not at all? who believe in what we are doing, bank From the light-hearted quiz conducted His Federalist Ideas, Berneri, 30p; The robberies, fraud and extortion) is to Cienfuegos Press Review of Anarchist by Albert Meltzer. known to the readers offer you a yearly* £6.00 (§12.00) of Black Flag as one of the wisest as Literature, 1976, 30p. Sustaining Subscription to Cienfuegos For details of our mail order well as one of the wittiest of libertarian Press and Simian Publications for which writers, it is possible to answer the fore- bookservice send s.a.e. for latest stock you will receive the following: list. (The Art of Anarchy by Flavio going questions, though some of the a) a copy of every book published by most devoted afficcionados of the series Costantini is now out of print). Cienfuegos Press in 1977; b) a copy New Titles Available from Cienfuegos Press (which has been running for a number of every pamphlet published by Simian Bookservice: of years in Black Flag) protest that in the same period; c) the Cienfuegos "This Soldier Still At War" John Bryan, £4.95 they would be lost without turning to plus 25p p&p. The highly sympathetic story Press Review of Anarchist Literature; of Joe Remiro and the S.L.A. "The Story of the answers pithy and provocative, d) a I09r discount on all books carried by the Irish Citizen Army," Sean O'Casey, £1.00; but always illuminating. This is the "On the Nature and Uses of Sabotage," Veblen, or ordered through the Cienfuegos Press 45p; "Castaways of Plenty," W.E. Hawkins, lazy person's way of reading up on the Bookservice. (*Life Subscription £25.00 90p (A parable of our times); "The Soul of history of anarchism and its related off- $50.00). Man Under Socialism," Oscar Wilde, 60p; shoots, by question and answer, readable "A Dream of John Ball," Wm. Morris, 75p; Just to show you that you won't be "Facing the Chair," John Dos Passes, £1.20 and humorous, full of little-known facts supporting a pig in a poke as it were, (The Americanisation of Sacco and Vanzetti); and out-of-the-way anecdotes, the pills here is a list of just some of the titles we "Civil War in West Virginia," Winthrop D. Lane of knowledge being handed out like £1.20p (The story of the industrial conflict have lined up for the coming year (there in the coal mines); "Merrie England" Nunquam sweeties. are others, but we don't want to go into £1.20 "llluminatus I: The Eye in the Pyramid, The superbly comic illustrations by that just yet . . . ) Shea and Wilson, 75p; NOW AVAILABLE: Phil Ruff help to make it the ideal Yule- Erich Muehsam : A Portrait and Biblio- The Russian Tragedy, Alexander Berkman tide present - just the sort of thing to graphy (pamphlet). The Face of Spanish £1.50+ 25pp&p. hand to a socialist friend who's given you Coming Soon: The IWW: Its First Seventy- Anarchism (book). Land and Liberty! Years (1905-1975), F. Thompson & Pat the Big Red Diary and deserves some- Ricardo Flores Magon (book). An Murfin. £2.50p. 14 /n the situation differently, no such choice most instances here today, take tne lead is necessary. in such matters, not libertarians if L ETTER.S The irony in the present situation we refrain from supporting prisoners is that some of those political prisoners Dear Comrade, whose "crimes" arise from such struggles? whom Black Flag aspires to support, (Shrewsbury 10) Black Flag's reply to Steve's letter (Nov. (e.g. Scottish Maoists), are the exponents Could we give support, say to George 1976) raises more questions than it of a totalitarian system of State Powe Davies? - "innocent, OK."providing answers! How does one define a "class which would liquidate any Anarchist he's not a Marxist! war victim"? In what fundamental way opposition. In taking part in any struggle, indus- did the Scottish Maoists' activities trial, social, guerrilla, against oppression challenge the Capitalist State? Is there a As Steve points out, it is important for Anarchists to consider the political one cannot avoid the fact that even in radical difference between authoritarian views of any group of prisoners before the Communist countries some calling Marxists and Fascists? If so. what is it? extending their solidarity. •mselves one of the brands of Marxists, Is it feasible for Anarchists to participate 1 have attempted to" outline a theoreti- or Marxist-Leninists, will be allies in revolutionary activities with authori- cal perspective as a guide to our activities trustworthy or not. One can fight against tarian leftist groups or their members, This whole question should be analysed their leadership: one cannot exclude who represent the complete antithesis in a constructive fashion. Although we workers from a working class struggle. of Anarchist Revolutionism? Should detest and feel contemptuous of the The situation is quite different with solidarity be expressed with Irish existing power structure, we cannot Fascists (and in practice even someone religious and sectarian murderers within allow our judgement to be obscured b disagreeing knows this full well I. the Loyalist Para-military organisations 'emotive' reactions to 'State Repression', The problem would go away if no who are in prison? What form should our (however understandable they may b workers supported authoritarian parties support take? in this area of extreme political Facing facts as they are. we think the The issues which Steve explores in sensitivity and subjectivity), as in tin attitude taken by the Anarchist lilack his letter have important implications tor case under discussion. Cross since its inception is correct. Never- Anarchist theory and practice and his Yours in friendship, theless, this opens the way to some arguments cannot be refuted by the use valuable discussion. We fully endorse of such emotive phrases as "class war Barry W. Harry W. 's last paragraph. victims." or by using automatic support We welcome this discussion which has for all political prisoners irrespective of much more to do with basic issues of TAINTED MONEY their political orientation. Anarchism, both in its philosophy and praxis, is anarchist morality than (say) the perennial We are porters and transport workeis diametrically opposed to authoritarian violence/non-violence theme. who use the same pub. In a try to start movements of the Right and Left. It seems to us for inttancg, jhafit is off a fascist party to compete with the History has shown that the Anarcl beyond argument that we should support National Front a City gent ottered us movement has suffered murderous ish political prisoners, whatever the CIOO for our Christmas club to stage repression at the hands of both Fas religious or national banners. I) in ^racialist indiiefli. Wgdecided te-shew prison, would not these be our natural and Communists. The Spanish Civil what \ve think of him by accepting the allies against prison authorities - many War is an excellent example of what money, doing nothing for it, and happens to Anarchists when they of whom are (equally naturally j members dividing it among the three most opposite confront centralised political power. of the National hront? causes. In sending you £35 for Black Black Flag's approach on this question, It may be "incongruous"or "ironic" Flag we want to say that though we're whereby they intimate that we should when anarchists give solidarity to people not anarchists we all admire the way solidarise with our 'imprisoned' political who would (if they had the chance) Albert's had a go for forty years, opponents is rather incongruous to say oppress them but is it unworthy or especially the fact that he didn't give the least. inconsistent? One could equally argue up at the time of the so-called Angry Any refusal to solidarise with Maoist (perfectly truthfully) authoritarians would Brigade trial. be going round in a libertarian society or Communists, when they are imprisoned F.A.C..J.B. C.S.Mick. Charlie. in no way implies acceptance of the free from any restraint whereas liber- •*• •'*> tyrannical excesses of'State Power.' tarians would have a hard rime in an BLACK EYE the free anarchist paper State and Government is a bureaucratic, authoritarian society. for N. Manchester. Send sae to the elitist excrescence which paralyses the How can we advocate industrial Black Lye Print Collective. 30 Belmont impulse for human freedom and mutual solidarity bearing in mind the unpalatable, Avenue. Clifton, Swinton. Manchester. aid. Black Flag obviously feels that it but nevertheless acknowledged fact, has to choose between the State or that a large number of industrial militants political prisoners. But it' one defines belong to authoritarian parties which in

ANSWERS TO QUIZ 1. "L'Education Physique" (edited 3. Benjamin Disraeli (then leader of 5. Only equivocally true, alas. The from London under a pseudonym the young England radical lory faction), thirteen days in question were lost to because of his 'notoriety' but published whose bitter attacks on Peel for deserting the calendar by switching from the in France) introduced, or at any rate Protection and yielding to the Free Julian to the Gregorian system of spread, English sporting ideas, and Trade Movement ultimately brought him reckoning and nothing at all happened football and boxing to the school the eventual leadership of the Tories, between those dates. curriculum. but made the Queen feel he had 6. Unquestionably, the Republican 2. The Free Trade movement. Peel "hastened poor Sir Robert's death." party. later said that Richard Cobden (whose 4. Chateaurenard was in fact a third- The Black Flag Anarcho-Quiz book is statue may be found in London's rate singer at the Opera Nationale, who now on sale at 95p and obtainable Camden Town) had menaced him by happened to be in his stage uniform from Cienfuegos Press Ltd., "Over The calling him 'personally responsible' for when he looked out to see what all the Water" Sanday, Orkney Isles, KW17 2BL. the condition of the country and (said fuss was about. He lasted as governor "A masterpiece of errudition" the Times), "He knew fully the for a fortnight. Later, under the Professor Hagbard Celine threatening consequence to Sir Robert Second Empire, he became an official Peel's life." of the secret police. 15 authorities and police. Committee building, Mary Steinhauser was wounded members have been detained at the by the first bullet, before being pushed border, subjected to rude and improper out of the line of fire by Andy. She was questioning and searches. During the getting to her feet shouting "Don't extradition hearing Vancouver police shoot him, my god, don't shoot him" carried out a campaign of arbitrary and when she was shot down and killed. random arrests of Indian people and The authorities tried to claim that raids on homes, while friends and the prisoners had stabbed Mary and supporters of Leonard were physically were responsible for her murder, but attacked in the courtroom and ejected by this claim was retracted when an a special squad of deputies and police. examination of the body proved the As part of its campaign the Defence cause of death to be gun shot wounds. Committee has published Seven Eagles A careful cover-up operation ensued to publicise the case and increase which meant that much of the evidence pressure on the Canadian authorities at the Enquiry was held in camera, and aiming at winning political asylum in no proper cross examination of Canada for Leonard. The information in witnesses was made. Andy Bruce was Seven Eagles updates the special edition not allowed to testify. of Indian Nation which was published The Prisoners' Union Committee last April with details about the case have prepared a pamphlet detailing the and its background. history of state sanctioned brutality at The Defence Committe address is: — the Penitentiary in New Westminster, B.C, Box 758, Station A, Vancouver B.C., and providing a clear insight into the Canada. events briefly outlined above, and the Letters of solidarity should be sent way in which the State has attempted to to Leonard at: Drawer "O", Okalla distort the events in an effort to cover Prison, Burnaby, B.C., Canada. its tracks. Andy Bruce, Dwight Lucas Leonard Peltier is a 32-year old Sioux Protests about his solitary confine- and Clair Wilson were originally charged Indian from North Dakota, and is ment should be sent to Attorney with Mary's murder - but these charges currently facing extradition proceedings General. Garde Gardom, Parliament have now been dropped, although they in British Columbia. Leonard has been Buildings, Victoria B.C. Canada, and still face lesser ones. active for several years in Indian demands that he be granted political Prisoners' Union Committee, Box struggles, initiating self-help co-operative asylum to: Ron Basford, Minister of 6135, Station G, Vancouver, Canada. projects, and taking in some of the Justice, House of Commons, Ottawa, better publicised activities of the Ontario. American Indian Movement, including British Columbia jails have a long 13 occupation of Wounded Kr history of brutality, and as a reaction to Presumption of Guilt (cont.) Spring, following an 18 day the intolerable conditions of forming There are others who might well believe extradition hearing a Canadian cc prisoners unions. This new militancy is that there are so many suspicions and decided that Leonard should be returned a distinct product of the 1970s, but contradictory elements in the story that to the Untied States to face charges of prisoner agitation for better conditions Mathew Lygate was as he claimed him- murdering two FBI agents during a June has been continuing for much longer - self, framed and then betrayed. Who 26, 1975 shoot-out near the village of there have been at least four major indeed made the alleged phone call that Oglala on the Pine Ridge Indian reserva- mass uprisings, since the early sixties, led the police to the W.P.S. bookshop? tion in South Dakota. Now a defence protesting about conditions of over- Anyway twenty-four years is a long committee has been set up in Vancouver, crowding, enforced idleness, warder time even for Jack the Ripper. Should to help prepare an appeal against brutality and lack of rehabilitation he stay in Peterhead until AD 2000? extradition. Leonard's case is that not programmes. The February 1976 William McPherson, also a member only is he not guilty of the charges issue of This Magazine carried a of the W.P.S. was found guilty and against him, but that the alleged offence detailed article on the formation of sentenced to twenty-six years, reduced was of a political nature. a Prisoners' Union Committee, and to twenty four on appeal. He was later If he is extradited to the United its work and its role during a sit in at involved in the Porterfield riot at Inver- States his life could be in danger; one Okala prison in July 1975. ness prison and given an additional - Indian was killed during the shoot-out, This sit in followed shortly after an sentence. Ian Doran, who had been and Anna Mae Aquash was murdered in incident in which three long term brought up in London, got sentenced to the aftermath of the FBI's manhunt. prisoners seized 15 hostages after one of twenty-five years, (unlike the others he She died with a bullet in her head shortly them had been told by the Prison had no W.P.S. connection). Colin Lawson after her arrest on a phoney gun charge. administration that he was to be placed found guilty on one bank raid charge was This threat to Leonard's life must have in solitary confinement. One of the given six years and has subsequently increased following the unprecedented hostages was a prison classification been released. acquittal of Dino Butler and Bob officer, Mary Steinhauser, who had John Lygate, the father of Mathew Robideau of all charges in connection developed a strong friendship with one Lygate and the prime mover in the cam- with the Oglala shoot-out. An all white, prisoner, Andy Bruce. It was probably paign to have his son released, died on mainly working class jury accepted that that she would co-operate with the the 11 th October this year after a the defendants were in fact firing at the prisoners, eliminating the possibility of debilitating illness and is sadly missed by FBI agents, but that it was in self-defence. violence being used. The single demand all who knew him. He was a lifelong The defence committee which has made by the prisoners was a guaranteed socialist and worked very hard in tenants been set up has support from Indian safe passage to a communist country. groups and other community work. It people from various parts of Canada and While the authorities went through was his wish that the campaign to have the US, and is working with non-Indian the pretence of negotiating a deal, plans his son's sentence reduced should be supporters, including a legal collective of were made to storm the vault in which continued by CP members, Maoists and lawyers and law students. Typically it the prisoners and hostages were confined. Anarchists, and by all who had any has met with an unco-operative and On June 5. 1975, the British Columbia doubt about the trial or were appalled hostile attitude .from the Canadian Penitentiary Tactical Squad stormed the by the severity of the sentence. '